Isopoda
Crustacea
Ectoparasitic Infestations
Parasitic Diseases, Animal
Hepatopancreas
Fish Diseases
Arthropods
Entomology
Access to Information
Journal Impact Factor
Bibliometrics
Analysis of Ca(2+) uptake into the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of permeabilised sternal epithelial cells during the moulting cycle of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber. (1/92)
In terrestrial isopods, large amounts of Ca(2+) are transported across anterior sternal epithelial cells during moult-related deposition and resorption of CaCO(3) deposits. Because of its toxicity and function as a second messenger, resting cytosolic Ca(2+) levels must be maintained below critical concentrations during epithelial Ca(2+) transport, raising the possibility that organelles play a role during Ca(2+) transit. We therefore studied the uptake of Ca(2+) into Ca(2+)-sequestering organelles by monitoring the formation of birefringent calcium oxalate crystals in permeabilised anterior and posterior sternal epithelium cells of Porcellio scaber during Ca(2+)-transporting and non-transporting stages of the moulting cycle using polarised-light microscopy. The results indicate ATP-dependent uptake of Ca(2+) into organelles. Half-maximal crystal growth at a Ca(2+) activity, a(Ca), of 0.4 micromol l(-1) and blockade by cyclopiazonic acid suggest Ca(2+) uptake into the smooth endoplasmic reticulum by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase. Analytical electron microscopical techniques support this interpretation by revealing the accumulation of Ca(2+)-containing crystals in smooth membranous intracellular compartments. A comparison of different moulting stages demonstrated a virtual lack of crystal formation in the early premoult stage and a significant fivefold increase between mid premoult and the Ca(2+)-transporting stages of late premoult and intramoult. These results suggest a contribution of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum as a transient Ca(2+) store during intracellular Ca(2+) transit. (+info)Postembryonic eye growth in the seashore isopod Ligia exotica (Crustacea, Isopoda). (2/92)
The eye of Ligia exotica is of the apposition type and has open rhabdoms. The facets are hexagonal, and the dioptric apparatus consists of a flat cornea and a spherical crystalline cone placed in the center of two large cone cells. Each ommatidium has seven regular retinula cells and one eccentric cell; a basement membrane forms the proximal boundary of the retina. With increases in body size from 0.6 to almost 4.0 cm, facet numbers and ommatidial diameters increased from 800 to 1500 and 35 microm to 100 microm, respectively; eye length and width grew from 1.2 to 3.2 and 0.9 to 2.5 mm, respectively; and length of dioptric apparatus and width of retinal layer changed from 70 microm to 180 microm and about 70 microm to 120 microm. Visual angles and interommatidial angles of centrally located ommatidia remained constant at about 30 and 6.9 degrees, respectively. An almost perfect linear relationship was found when eye length was plotted against the product between the square root of the total number of ommatidia and the ommatidial diameter. No difference between males and females was observed in any of the relationships, but the results suggest that, compared with smaller specimens, larger ones possess increased absolute sensitivity in single ommatidia, increased sensitivity to point sources, and overall larger angular visual fields for the eye in its totality. This means that larger individuals of L. exotica (which are also faster) have an advantage over smaller individuals at night, but that smaller individuals may cope better with bright lights. Vision in L. exotica seems useful not only in detecting potential danger, but also in locating and approaching cliffs from a distance of 2-4 m when swimming in seawater. (+info)Long-term fasting and realimentation in hypogean and epigean isopods: a proposed adaptive strategy for groundwater organisms. (3/92)
The effects of long-term fasting and subsequent refeeding on digestive physiology and energy metabolism were investigated in a subterranean aquatic crustacean, Stenasellus virei, and in a morphologically similar surface-dwelling species, Asellus aquaticus. Metabolic response to food deprivation was monophasic in A. aquaticus, with an immediate, large decrease in all energy reserves. In contrast, S. virei displayed three successive periods of phosphageno-glucidic, lipidic and, finally, proteo-lipidic-dominant catabolism over the course of the nutritional stress. To represent the responses of subterranean crustaceans to food stress and renutrition, a sequential energy strategy was hypothesized, suggesting that four successive phases (called stress, transition, adaptation and recovery) can be distinguished. Based on these results, a general adaptive strategy for groundwater organisms was proposed. Their remarkable resistance to long-term fasting may be partly explained by (1) a depressed metabolism, during which they mainly subsist on lipid stores, (2) a prolonged state of glycogen- and protein-sparing, (3) low energetic requirements and (4) large body stores. In addition, these groundwater species displayed high recovery abilities during refeeding, showing an optimal utilization of available food and a rapid restoration of their body reserves. These adaptive responses might be considered for numerous subterranean organisms as an efficient energy-saving strategy in a harsh and unpredictable environment where fasting (and/or hypoxic) periods of variable duration alternate with sporadic feeding events (and/or normoxic periods). Therefore, food-limited and/or hypoxia-tolerant groundwater species appear to be good examples of animals representing a low-energy system. (+info)Tension sensitivity of the heart pacemaker neurons in the isopod crustacean Ligia pallasii. (4/92)
In the crustacean neurogenic heart, the cardiac ganglion (CG) acts as a peripherally located central pattern generator (CPG) by producing rhythmic motor output that initiates the heartbeat. In the isopod Ligia, the CG consists of six electrically coupled neurons that all function both as endogenous oscillators and as glutamatergic motoneurons innervating heart muscle. In the present study, we present several lines of evidence to suggest that the CG neurons are sensitive to passive stretch and active tension of the heart muscle. Stretching the heart wall caused a sustained decrease in the burst frequency of the CG neuron. Releasing from the stretch caused a rebound increase in burst frequency above the control rate. A brief stretch (200-300 ms duration) caused either phase advance or phase delay of the following CG bursts, depending on the timing at which the stretch was applied. Repeated brief stretches could entrain the CG bursts to either higher or lower frequencies than the free-run burst frequency. Intracellular recording from one of the CG neurons revealed that it exhibited hyperpolarization during the stretch. The stretch-induced hyperpolarization was followed by a burst discharge upon release from the stretch. With increased stretch amplitude, the amplitude of hyperpolarizing response increased and the timing of the following burst was advanced. When the myogenic activity of the heart muscle was pharmacologically isolated from the ganglionic drive by applying a glutamatergic antagonist, Joro spider toxin (JSTX), the spontaneous muscle contraction caused a hyperpolarizing deflection in the CG neuron. Under specific conditions made by JSTX and tetrodotoxin, the CG burst became entrained to the myogenic rhythm. These results suggest that the Ligia CG neurons have tension sensitivity in addition to their pacemaker and motoneuronal functions. Such multifunctional neurons may form a single neuron reflex arc inside the heart. (+info)Repellents in the Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica, against the pill-bug, Armadillidium vulgare. (5/92)
Sandaracopimarinol and (1S,6R)-2,7(14),10-bisabolatrien-1-ol-4-one were isolated and identified from Cryptomeria japonica as repellents against Armadillidium vulgare which is well known as an unpleasant pest in the house and as vegetable pest in Japan. These compounds strongly repelled A. vulgare when they were combined, although each compound alone did not show any activity. (+info)Disparity in population differentiation of sex-linked and autosomal variation in sibling species of the Jaera albifrons (Isopoda) complex. (6/92)
The genetic variation at four enzyme loci is described for 22 populations of three Jaera species--J. albifrons, J. ischiosetosa, and J. praehirsuta--in the J. albifrons complex (Crustacea, Isopoda) in Denmark. The variation at three of the loci is similar, with the allele frequency spectra close to each other in all three species. An evolutionary tree based on the variation at these three loci revealed that the populations from the different species are completely intermixed in the tree. This was supported by hierarchical F-statistics where the between-species component was zero. At a fourth locus, Gpi (glucose phosphate isomerase), the species differ substantially. This locus is sex linked in J. ischiosetosa, but in the two other species, J. albifrons and J. praehirsuta, it is either found on autosomes or is sex linked with a high recombination rate between the locus and the centromere. An evolutionary tree for this locus partitions the populations into separate groups and a hierarchical F-statistic has a between-species component of about 50%. The results are attributed to introgression with a higher rate for autosomes than for sex chromosomes. (+info)Molecular characterisation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase of Porcellio scaber and its expression in sternal epithelia during the moult cycle. (7/92)
The anterior sternal epithelial cells of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber transport large amounts of calcium during the formation and resorption of intermittent calcium carbonate deposits. Recent investigations on epithelia involved in mineralisation processes suggest a role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) in transcellular calcium transport. We present the first molecular characterisation of a SERCA within a crustacean mineralising epithelium. We cloned the SERCA from a cDNA library of the anterior sternal epithelium and used in situ hybridisation to compare the expression of the SERCA mRNA between three different moulting stages. The full-length SERCA cDNA has an open reading frame of 3006 nucleotides. The deduced 1002 amino-acid polypeptide has a predicted molecular mass of 109.7 kDa and 87% identity to the SERCA of Procambarus clarkii axial muscle isoform. In situ hybridisation confirmed expression within the anterior sternal epithelium and revealed an increase in SERCA mRNA abundance from the non-transporting, early premoult stage to the calcium transporting, late premoult and intramoult stage. The results support previous indications of a contribution by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum to transcellular calcium transport and suggest a transcriptional regulation of SERCA activity. (+info)Host-parasite relationships: occurrence and effect of the parasitic isopod Mothocya epimerica on sand smelt Atherina boyeri in the Mesolongi and Etolikon Lagoons (W. Greece). (8/92)
The parasite-host relationship between Mothocya epimerica, Costa 1851 (Isopoda: Flabellifera: Cymothoidae) and sand smelt Atherina boyeri (Osteichthyes: Atherinidae) fish populations were studied in the Mesolongi and Etolikon Lagoons (W. Greece). Prevalence varied during the year from 12.5% in November to 52.5% in September; overall mean prevalence was 41.9%. Parasite size increased with host size. Infections did not have a significant effect on the host's body condition, such as length-weight relationship, gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and relative condition factor. Histological damage to the host was observed on the gills (especially in the second and third and arches upon which the female parasite rests her abdomen). The physiological cost resulting from this infection seems to be little and probably does not constitute a serious threat for individual host survival. (+info)Isopoda is an order of crustaceans characterized by having a body that is usually laterally compressed, a pair of antennae, and seven pairs of legs (periopods) along the thorax. They are commonly known as "isopods" and include various familiar forms such as woodlice, pill bugs, and sea slaters. Isopods vary in size from less than a millimeter to over 50 centimeters in length. Some isopod species are terrestrial, while others are freshwater or marine dwellers. Medical relevance of isopods is limited, but some species can be vectors for diseases or parasites affecting fish and other aquatic animals.
Crustacea is a subphylum of Arthropoda, which is a phylum that includes animals without backbones and with jointed appendages. Crustaceans are characterized by their segmented bodies, usually covered with a hard exoskeleton made of chitin, and paired, jointed limbs.
Examples of crustaceans include crabs, lobsters, shrimps, crayfish, krill, barnacles, and copepods. Many crustaceans are aquatic, living in both freshwater and marine environments, while some are terrestrial. They can vary greatly in size, from tiny planktonic organisms to large crabs and lobsters.
Crustaceans have a complex life cycle that typically involves several distinct stages, including larval and adult forms. They are an important part of many aquatic ecosystems, serving as both predators and prey. Crustaceans also have economic importance as a source of food for humans, with crabs, lobsters, and shrimps being among the most commonly consumed.
Ectoparasitic infestations refer to the invasion and multiplication of parasites, such as lice, fleas, ticks, or mites, on the outer surface of a host organism, typically causing irritation, itching, and other skin disorders. These parasites survive by feeding on the host's blood, skin cells, or other bodily substances, leading to various health issues if left untreated.
Ectoparasitic infestations can occur in humans as well as animals and may require medical intervention for proper diagnosis and treatment. Common symptoms include redness, rash, inflammation, and secondary bacterial or viral infections due to excessive scratching. Preventive measures such as personal hygiene, regular inspections, and avoiding contact with infested individuals or environments can help reduce the risk of ectoparasitic infestations.
Parasitic diseases, animal, refer to conditions in animals that are caused by parasites, which are organisms that live on or inside a host and derive benefits from the host at its expense. Parasites can be classified into different groups such as protozoa, helminths (worms), and arthropods (e.g., ticks, fleas).
Parasitic diseases in animals can cause a wide range of clinical signs depending on the type of parasite, the animal species affected, and the location and extent of infection. Some common examples of parasitic diseases in animals include:
* Heartworm disease in dogs and cats caused by Dirofilaria immitis
* Coccidiosis in various animals caused by different species of Eimeria
* Toxoplasmosis in cats and other animals caused by Toxoplasma gondii
* Giardiasis in many animal species caused by Giardia spp.
* Lungworm disease in dogs and cats caused by Angiostrongylus vasorum or Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
* Tapeworm infection in dogs, cats, and other animals caused by different species of Taenia or Dipylidium caninum
Prevention and control of parasitic diseases in animals typically involve a combination of strategies such as regular veterinary care, appropriate use of medications, environmental management, and good hygiene practices.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "hepatopancreas" is not a recognized term in human anatomy or pathology. It is commonly used to describe a combined exocrine organ in some invertebrates, like crustaceans, where it serves both digestive and metabolic functions. If you have any questions about human medical conditions, I'd be happy to help with those!
"Fish diseases" is a broad term that refers to various health conditions and infections affecting fish populations in aquaculture, ornamental fish tanks, or wild aquatic environments. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or environmental factors such as water quality, temperature, and stress.
Some common examples of fish diseases include:
1. Bacterial diseases: Examples include furunculosis (caused by Aeromonas salmonicida), columnaris disease (caused by Flavobacterium columnare), and enteric septicemia of catfish (caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri).
2. Viral diseases: Examples include infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in salmonids, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), and koi herpesvirus (KHV).
3. Fungal diseases: Examples include saprolegniasis (caused by Saprolegnia spp.) and cotton wool disease (caused by Aphanomyces spp.).
4. Parasitic diseases: Examples include ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich), costia, trichodina, and various worm infestations such as anchor worms (Lernaea spp.) and tapeworms (Diphyllobothrium spp.).
5. Environmental diseases: These are caused by poor water quality, temperature stress, or other environmental factors that weaken the fish's immune system and make them more susceptible to infections. Examples include osmoregulatory disorders, ammonia toxicity, and low dissolved oxygen levels.
It is essential to diagnose and treat fish diseases promptly to prevent their spread among fish populations and maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems. Preventative measures such as proper sanitation, water quality management, biosecurity practices, and vaccination can help reduce the risk of fish diseases in both farmed and ornamental fish settings.
Arthropods are a phylum of animals characterized by the presence of a segmented body, a pair of jointed appendages on each segment, and a tough exoskeleton made of chitin. This phylum includes insects, arachnids (spiders, scorpions, mites), crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, shrimp), and myriapods (centipedes, millipedes). They are the largest group of animals on Earth, making up more than 80% of all described species. Arthropods can be found in nearly every habitat, from the deep sea to mountaintops, and play important roles in ecosystems as decomposers, pollinators, and predators.
Entomology is the scientific study of insects, including their behavior, classification, and evolution. It is a branch of zoology that deals with the systematic study of insects and their relationship with humans, animals, and the environment. Entomologists may specialize in various areas such as medical entomology, agricultural entomology, or forensic entomology, among others. Medical entomology focuses on the study of insects that can transmit diseases to humans and animals, while agricultural entomology deals with insects that affect crops and livestock. Forensic entomology involves using insects found in crime scenes to help determine the time of death or other relevant information for legal investigations.
A "periodical" in the context of medicine typically refers to a type of publication that is issued regularly, such as on a monthly or quarterly basis. These publications include peer-reviewed journals, magazines, and newsletters that focus on medical research, education, and practice. They may contain original research articles, review articles, case reports, editorials, letters to the editor, and other types of content related to medical science and clinical practice.
As a "Topic," periodicals in medicine encompass various aspects such as their role in disseminating new knowledge, their impact on clinical decision-making, their quality control measures, and their ethical considerations. Medical periodicals serve as a crucial resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, students, and other stakeholders to stay updated on the latest developments in their field and to share their findings with others.
"Access to information," in a medical context, refers to the ability of individuals, patients, healthcare providers, and researchers to obtain, request, and disseminate health-related data, records, research findings, and other important information. This includes access to personal medical records, clinical trial results, evidence-based practices, and public health statistics.
Promoting access to information is crucial for informed decision-making, ensuring transparency, advancing medical research, improving patient care, and enhancing overall healthcare system performance. Various laws, regulations, and policies at the local, national, and international levels aim to protect and facilitate access to information while balancing privacy concerns, data security, and intellectual property rights.
The Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is a measure of the frequency with which the "average article" in a journal has been cited in a particular year. It is calculated by dividing the number of current year citations to the source items published in that journal during the previous two years. For example, if a journal has an Impact Factor of 3 in 2020, that means articles published in 2018 and 2019 were cited 3 times on average in 2020. It is used to gauge the importance or rank of a journal by comparing the times it's articles are cited relative to other journals in the field. However, it has been criticized for various limitations such as being manipulated by editors and not reflecting the quality of individual articles.
Bibliometrics is the use of statistical methods to analyze books, articles, and other publications. In the field of information science, bibliometrics is often used to measure the impact of scholarly works or authors by counting the number of times that a work has been cited in other publications. This can help researchers identify trends and patterns in research output and collaboration, as well as assess the influence of individual researchers or institutions.
Bibliometric analyses may involve a variety of statistical measures, such as citation counts, author productivity, journal impact factors, and collaborative networks. These measures can be used to evaluate the performance of individual researchers, departments, or institutions, as well as to identify areas of research strength or weakness.
It is important to note that while bibliometrics can provide useful insights into research trends and impact, they should not be the sole basis for evaluating the quality or significance of scholarly work. Other factors, such as the rigor of the research design, the clarity of the writing, and the relevance of the findings to the field, are also important considerations.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "publishing" is not a term that has a medical definition. Publishing typically refers to the process of preparing and disseminating information, such as books, journals, or articles, to the public or a specific audience. It could involve both print and digital media. If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!
Isopoda - Wikipedia
Revisão taxonômica da família Serolidae Dana, 1853 (Crustacea: Isopoda) no oceano...
Three new species of Scyracepon Tattersall, 1905 (Isopoda: Bopyridae) from Pacific islands, with comments on the rarity of...
Flexible habitat selection and interactive habitat segregation in the marine congeners Idotea baltica and Idotea emarginata ...
Burmoniscus kitadaitoensis Nunomura, 2009 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from southern Japan, a junior synonym of B. meeusei ...
Two new species and a new record of Metacirolana Kussakin, 1979 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cirolanidae) from Indonesia
Isopods (Order Isopoda)
· iNaturalist Guatemala
REPRODUCTION OF ISOPODA Anthony Rich Lila Boudrie Mating
Natuurtijdschriften:
En de naam is .... Synarmadillo pallidus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Armadiliidae)
Çinko, bakır ve kurşunun Idotea baltica (Crustacea, Isopoda)'lara toksisitesi | AVESİS
Two new species and a new record of Bopyrinae (Isopoda: Bopyridae) infesting Alpheidae and Hippolytidae, with comments on the...
بررسی کوتیلدون در تعدادی از جورپایان خشکی زی (Crustaceae: Isopoda) در ایران
Ceratothoa steindachneri (Isopoda, Cymothoidae): An unusual record from the Mediterranean<...
World List of Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans - Eumalacostraca
DevelopmentCodeNames - Ubuntu Wiki
Diversity | Free Full-Text | Fern Cave: A Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in the Interior Low Plateau Karst Region of...
The Effect of Decreasing Temperature on Arthropod Diversity and Abundance in Horse Dung Decomposition Communities of...
First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea | Nature
Local and regional species diversity of benthic Isopoda (Crustacea) in the deep Gulf of Mexico - The Australian Museum
Ask IFAS: Crustacea (taxonomic subphylum)
Hydrobiologia | Volume 576, Issue 1