Blood proteins that bind to THYROID HORMONES such as THYROXINE and transport them throughout the circulatory system.
All blood proteins except albumin ( = SERUM ALBUMIN, which is not a globulin) and FIBRINOGEN (which is not in the serum). The serum globulins are subdivided into ALPHA-GLOBULINS; BETA-GLOBULINS; and GAMMA-GLOBULINS on the basis of their electrophoretic mobilities. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Electrophoresis applied to BLOOD PROTEINS.
A thyroid hormone transport protein found in serum. It binds about 75% of circulating THYROXINE and 70% of circulating TRIIODOTHYRONINE.
Organic chemistry methodology that mimics the modular nature of various biosynthetic processes. It uses highly reliable and selective reactions designed to "click" i.e., rapidly join small modular units together in high yield, without offensive byproducts. In combination with COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES, it is used for the synthesis of new compounds and combinatorial libraries.
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.

Differential expression and phosphorylation of CTCF, a c-myc transcriptional regulator, during differentiation of human myeloid cells. (1/3619)

CTCF is a transcriptional repressor of the c-myc gene. Although CTCF has been characterized in some detail, there is very little information about the regulation of CTCF activity. Therefore we investigated CTCF expression and phosphorylation during induced differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells. We found that: (i) both CTCF mRNA and protein are down-regulated during terminal differentiation in most cell lines tested; (ii) CTCF down-regulation is retarded and less pronounced than that of c-myc; (iii) CTCF protein is differentially phosphorylated and the phosphorylation profiles depend on the differentiation pathway. We concluded that CTCF expression and activity is controlled at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.  (+info)

Human triclonal anti-IgG gammopathy. I. Iso-electric focusing characteristics of the IgG, IgA and IgM anti-IgG and their heavy and light chains. (2/3619)

Human IgG, IgA and IgM anti-IgG autoantibodies have been isolated from the serum of an individual with Felty's syndrome. These were initially noted as soluble circulating serum complexes by analytical ultracentrifugation. Isolation was accomplished by solid phase immunoadsorption and each of the three antibody populations obtained was shown to be of restricted heterogeneity by liquid and polyacrylamide gel electrofocussing methods. Type kappa light chains were obtained from each protein. Co-isoelectric focusing experiments of all possible pairs of these light chains showed them to have identical net charge characteristics. Heavy chains obtained from each protein were also monoclonal and of differing isoelectric point. The availability of this serum provides a human model with which to study the changes which may occur in autoantibodies during the autoimmune response.  (+info)

Molecular and biochemical characterization of VEB-1, a novel class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase encoded by an Escherichia coli integron gene. (3/3619)

A clinical isolate, Escherichia coli MG-1, isolated from a 4-month-old Vietnamese orphan child, produced a beta-lactamase conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. In a disk diffusion test, a typical synergistic effect between ceftazidime or aztreonam and clavulanic acid was observed along with an unusual synergy between cefoxitin and cefuroxime. The gene for VEB-1 (Vietnamese extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) was cloned and expressed in E. coli JM109. The recombinant plasmid pRLT1 produced a beta-lactamase with a pI of 5.35 and conferred high-level resistance to extended-spectrum (or oxyimino) cephalosporins and to aztreonam. Vmax values for extended-spectrum cephalosporins were uncommonly high, while the affinity of the enzyme for ceftazidime and aztreonam was relatively low. blaVEB-1 showed significant homology at the DNA level with only blaPER-1 and blaPER-2. Analysis of the deduced protein sequence showed that VEB-1 is a class A penicillinase having very low levels of homology with any other known beta-lactamases. The highest percentage of amino acid identity was 38% with PER-1 or PER-2, two uncommon class A extended-spectrum enzymes. Exploration of the genetic environment of blaVEB-1 revealed the presence of gene cassette features, i.e., (i) a 59-base element associated with blaVEB-1; (ii) a second 59-base element just upstream of blaVEB-1, likely belonging to the aacA1-orfG gene cassette; (iii) two core sites (GTTRRRY) on both sides of blaVEB-1; and (iv) a second antibiotic resistance gene 3' of blaVEB-1, aadB. blaVEB-1 may therefore be the first class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that is part of a gene cassette, which itself is likely to be located on a class 1 integron, as sulfamide resistance may indicate. Furthermore, blaVEB-1 is encoded on a large (> 100-kb) transferable plasmid found in a Klebsiella pneumoniae MG-2 isolated at the same time from the same patient, indicating a horizontal gene transfer.  (+info)

Mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance amongst Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in an Italian survey. (4/3619)

The mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in 325 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined. These isolates were selected because of their resistance to meropenem and imipenem (breakpoint, >4 mg/L), carbenicillin (>128 mg/L), ceftazidime (>8 mg/L), piperacillin and ticarcillin/clavulanate (>64 mg/L). The most frequent mechanism of resistance was beta-lactamase-independent, so called 'intrinsic resistance', which was found in 183 isolates and was probably due to impermeability and/or efflux mechanisms. beta-Lactamase-mediated resistance was demonstrated in 111 strains (11.1%). Derepression of Ambler Class C chromosomal beta-lactamase was detected in 64 isolates, most of which were resistant to ceftazidime and piperacillin but susceptible to meropenem, whereas secondary plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases were found in 34 isolates, all of them resistant to carboxypenicillins and ureidopenicillins and susceptible to carbapenems. Twelve strains showed more than one plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase plus derepression of chromosomal Class C enzyme. Resistance to carbapenems was independent of resistance to other beta-lactam antibiotics, indicating a different mechanism of resistance, probably due to the loss of the D2 porin. In total, 32 strains were resistant to carbapenems: 24 only to imipenem and eight to both imipenem and meropenem.  (+info)

Differential serodiagnosis for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis using fractions of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid (antigen B) and E. multilocularis protoscolex (EM18). (5/3619)

Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid and E. multilocularis protoscolex extract were fractionated by a single step of preparative isoelectric focusing, resulting in an antigen B-rich fraction (8-kD) and an Em18-rich fraction, respectively. The usefulness of both fractions for differential serodiagnosis of cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) echinococcosis was evaluated by a large-scale immunoblot analysis on a battery of 354 serum samples. These included 66 from AE patients originating from four different endemic areas, 173 from CE patients originating from seven different endemic areas, 71 from patients with other parasitic diseases, 15 from patients with hepatomas, and 29 from healthy individuals. In an immunoblot with the antigen B-rich fraction, 92% (158 of 173) of the CE sera as well as 79% (52 of 66) of the AE sera reacted with the 8-kD subunit. No cross-reactivity occurred with any sera from patients with cysticercosis, other parasitic diseases, or with hepatomas, or from healthy controls. In an immunoblot with the Em18-rich fraction, all but two sera from AE patients (64 of 66, 97%) recognized Em18, and only nine of 34 CE sera from China reacted with it. All other (139) CE sera from six other countries were negative as were all (115) other non-echinococcosis sera. These findings indicate that antigen B (8-kD) is not species-specific for E. granulosus but is genus-specific for Echinococcus, and that the Em18 antigen is a reliable serologic marker for species-specific differentiation of AE from CE.  (+info)

The relationship of glycosylation and isoelectric point with tumor accumulation of avidin. (6/3619)

Radiolabeled avidin markedly accumulated in intraperitoneal tumors and was cleared rapidly from circulation when given intraperitoneally. This study investigated the mechanisms of the tumor localization of avidin. METHODS: Avidin was deglycosylated through endoglycosydase-H digestion and/or neutralized by acetylation of its lysine amino acids with acetic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. Avidin and modified avidins were analyzed using sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE) and isoelectric focusing. A tumor model was established by intraperitoneal injection of human colon cancer cells, LS180, in nude mice. Avidin and modified avidins were labeled with 111In using diethyleneamine pentaacetic acid-biotin and were administered intraperitoneally into the tumor-bearing mice. The biodistribution of radioactivity was examined 2 and 24 h postinjection. RESULTS: Deglycosylated avidins revealed a major band of smaller molecules on SDS/PAGE. The isoelectric point of neutralized avidins was reduced to less than 5, whereas that of unneutralized avidins was more than 9.5. Biodistribution study demonstrated that liver uptake was decreased by deglycosylation and kidney accumulation was decreased by neutralization, respectively. The blood clearance was remarkably slowed by combined modification of deglycosylation and neutralization. The tumor uptake of radioactivity was reduced by either deglycosylation or neutralization and was further decreased with combined modification. CONCLUSION: Both high glycosylation and positive charge of avidin contributed to its accumulation in tumor. This study may facilitate development of a new vehicle for the delivery of therapeutic agents to intraperitoneal tumors.  (+info)

Isolation of pigment-binding early light-inducible proteins from pea. (7/3619)

The early light-inducible proteins (ELIPs) in chloroplasts possess a high sequence homology with the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins but differ from those proteins by their substoichiometric and transient appearance. In the present study ELIPs of pea were isolated by a two-step purification strategy: perfusion chromatography in combination with preparative isoelectric focussing. Two heterogeneous populations of ELIPs were obtained after chromatographic separation of solubilized thylakoid membranes using a weak anion exchange column. One of these populations contained ELIPs in a free form providing the first isolation of these proteins. To prove whether the isolated and pure forms of ELIP bind pigments, spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis were performed. Absorption spectra and TLC revealed the presence of chlorophyll a and lutein. Measurements of steady-state fluorescence emission spectra at 77 K exhibited a major peak at 674 nm typical for chlorophyll a bound to the protein matrix. The action spectrum of the fluorescence emission measured at 674 nm showed several peaks originating mainly from chlorophyll a. It is proposed that ELIPs are transient chlorophyll-binding proteins not involved in light-harvesting but functioning as scavengers for chlorophyll molecules during turnover of pigment-binding proteins.  (+info)

Low-temperature sensitivity and enhanced Bohr effect in red deer (Cervus elaphus) haemoglobin: a molecular adaptive strategy to life at high altitude and low temperature. (8/3619)

A study of the functional properties of haemoglobin from red deer (Cervus elaphus) whose habitat varies over a wide range of latitude, was performed. The oxygen-binding properties of the most common haemoglobin phenotype from the species living in Sardinia were examined with particular attention to the effect of pH, chloride, 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate and temperature. Results indicate that red deer haemoglobin, like all haemoglobins from ruminants so far examined, is characterized by a low intrinsic oxygen affinity, with chloride being its main physiological modulator in vivo. The functional results and the low temperature sensitivity of the oxygen affinity are discussed in the light of the amino acid sequence of closely related ruminant haemoglobins.  (+info)

Thyroxine-binding proteins (TBPs) are specialized transport proteins in the blood that bind and carry thyroid hormones, primarily Thyroxine (T4), but also Triiodothyronine (T3) to a lesser extent. The majority of T4 and T3 in the blood are bound to these proteins, while only a small fraction (0.03% of T4 and 0.3% of T3) remains unbound or free, which is the biologically active form that can enter cells and tissues to exert its physiological effects.

There are three main types of thyroxine-binding proteins:

1. Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG): This is the major thyroid hormone transport protein, synthesized in the liver and accounting for approximately 70-80% of T4 and T3 binding. TBG has a high affinity but low capacity for thyroid hormones.
2. Transthyretin (TTR), also known as prealbumin: This protein accounts for around 10-20% of T4 and T3 binding. It has a lower affinity but higher capacity for thyroid hormones compared to TBG.
3. Albumin: This is the most abundant protein in the blood and binds approximately 15-20% of T4 and a smaller fraction of T3. Although albumin has a low affinity for thyroid hormones, its high concentration allows it to contribute significantly to their transport.

The binding of thyroid hormones to these proteins helps maintain stable levels in the blood and ensures a steady supply to tissues. Additionally, TBPs protect thyroid hormones from degradation and rapid clearance by the kidneys, thereby extending their half-life in the circulation.

Serum globulins are a group of proteins present in the liquid portion of blood, known as serum. They are produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, and allergens. Serum globulins include several types of immunoglobulins (antibodies), complement components, and other proteins involved in the immune response.

The serum globulin level is often measured as part of a complete blood count (CBC) or a protein electrophoresis test. An elevated serum globulin level may indicate an ongoing infection, inflammation, or an autoimmune disorder. Conversely, a decreased level may suggest a liver or kidney disease, or a malnutrition condition. It is important to note that the interpretation of serum globulin levels should be done in conjunction with other laboratory and clinical findings.

Blood protein electrophoresis (BPE) is a laboratory test that separates and measures the different proteins in the blood, such as albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. This test is often used to help diagnose or monitor conditions related to abnormal protein levels, such as multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, and other plasma cell disorders.

In this test, a sample of the patient's blood is placed on a special gel and an electric current is applied. The proteins in the blood migrate through the gel based on their electrical charge and size, creating bands that can be visualized and measured. By comparing the band patterns to reference ranges, doctors can identify any abnormal protein levels or ratios, which may indicate underlying medical conditions.

It's important to note that while BPE is a useful diagnostic tool, it should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical findings and laboratory tests for accurate diagnosis and management of the patient's condition.

Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is a glycoprotein found in human plasma that has a high affinity for binding thyroid hormones, specifically Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). It is produced by the liver and plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of these hormones in the body. TBG binds to approximately 70-80% of circulating T4 and about 55% of circulating T3, acting as a transport protein that carries these hormones throughout the body. The amount of TBG in the blood can vary due to factors such as genetics, sex hormones, and certain medications, which can affect the levels of free (unbound) thyroid hormones and contribute to various thyroid-related disorders.

Click chemistry is a term used to describe a group of chemical reactions that are fast, high-yielding, and highly selective. These reactions typically involve the formation of covalent bonds between two molecules in a simple and efficient manner, often through the use of a catalyst. The concept of click chemistry was first introduced by K. B. Sharpless, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001 for his work on chiral catalysis.

In the context of medical research and drug development, click chemistry has emerged as a valuable tool for rapidly synthesizing and optimizing small molecule compounds with therapeutic potential. By using click chemistry reactions to quickly and efficiently link different chemical building blocks together, researchers can rapidly generate large libraries of potential drug candidates and then screen them for biological activity. This approach has been used to discover new drugs for a variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders.

One common type of click chemistry reaction is the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, which involves the reaction between an azide and an alkyne to form a triazole ring. This reaction is highly selective and can be carried out under mild conditions, making it a popular choice for chemical synthesis in the life sciences. Other types of click chemistry reactions include the Diels-Alder cycloaddition, the thiol-ene reaction, and the Staudinger ligation.

Overall, click chemistry has had a significant impact on medical research and drug development by enabling the rapid and efficient synthesis of complex small molecule compounds with therapeutic potential. Its versatility and selectivity make it a powerful tool for researchers seeking to discover new drugs and better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying human disease.

Genetic variation refers to the differences in DNA sequences among individuals and populations. These variations can result from mutations, genetic recombination, or gene flow between populations. Genetic variation is essential for evolution by providing the raw material upon which natural selection acts. It can occur within a single gene, between different genes, or at larger scales, such as differences in the number of chromosomes or entire sets of chromosomes. The study of genetic variation is crucial in understanding the genetic basis of diseases and traits, as well as the evolutionary history and relationships among species.

Thyroxine (T4) is a type of hormone produced and released by the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the front of your neck. It is one of two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland, with the other being triiodothyronine (T3).

Thyroxine plays a crucial role in regulating various metabolic processes in the body, including growth, development, and energy expenditure. Specifically, T4 helps to control the rate at which your body burns calories for energy, regulates protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, and influences the body's sensitivity to other hormones.

T4 is produced by combining iodine and tyrosine, an amino acid found in many foods. Once produced, T4 circulates in the bloodstream and gets converted into its active form, T3, in various tissues throughout the body. Thyroxine has a longer half-life than T3, which means it remains active in the body for a more extended period.

Abnormal levels of thyroxine can lead to various medical conditions, such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). These conditions can cause a range of symptoms, including weight gain or loss, fatigue, mood changes, and changes in heart rate and blood pressure.

... can resolve proteins that differ in pI value by as little as 0.01. Isoelectric focusing is the first step ... "Multijunction Capillary Isoelectric Focusing Device Combined with Online Membrane-Assisted Buffer Exchanger Enables Isoelectric ... Isoelectric focusing (IEF), also known as electrofocusing, is a technique for separating different molecules by differences in ... Isoelectric focusing is the only step in preparative one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. According to some opinions, living ...
"Chapter 2 Evolution and development of isoelectric focusing". In Garfin, David; Ahuja, Satinder (eds.). Handbook of isoelectric ... Righetti, P. G.; Drysdale, J. W. (1976). Isoelectric focusing. New York: American Elsevier Pub. Co. 2014, AES Lifetime ... They developed techniques for isoelectric focusing (IEF) using soluble carrier ampholytes and polyacrylamide gels. In 1971, ... Righetti, P. G. (1983). Isoelectric focusing : theory, methodology, and applications. 1st ed. Laboratory techniques in ...
Isoelectric focusing". Isoelectric focusing. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 182. pp. 459-77. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(90)82037-3. ... The aim of isoelectric focusing (IEF), for example, is to separate proteins according to their isoelectric point (pI), thus, ... and isoelectric focusing of proteins and nucleic acids, which have applications in both pharmacology and medicine. Proteins ... Under standard conditions, metalloproteins with different molecular mass ranges and isoelectric points have been recovered in ...
... so different molecules have different isoelectric points. This permits a technique called isoelectric focusing, which is used ... 2005). Handbook of Isoelectric Focusing and Proteomics. Vol. 7. Elsevier. ISBN 0-12-088752-5. Hulanicki, A. (1987). Reactions ... In the case that there is one species of each type, the isoelectric point can be obtained directly from the pK values. Take the ... For substances in solution, the isoelectric point (pI) is defined as the pH at which the sum, weighted by charge value, of ...
Isoelectric focusing is also the first step in 2-D gel polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In biomolecules, proteins can be ... Henderson-Hasselbalch equation Isoelectric focusing Zeta potential Electrophoretic deposition Isoionic point pK acid ... This is termed the isoelectric point. Thus, the isoelectric point is the value of pH at which the colloidal particle remains ... CRC Press; 1st edition (Hardcover). ISBN 978-1-4200-5188-9 IPC - Isoelectric Point Calculator - calculate protein isoelectric ...
Reinhart and Malamud; Malamud, D (1982). "Protein transfer from isoelectric focusing gels: the native blot". Analytical ...
IPG increased reproducibility of Isoelectric focusing and 2D-Gel Electrophoresis. Other advantages are increased resolution, ... of protein spots in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using immobilised pH gradient isoelectric focusing in ... The gel is then washed to remove catalysts and unpolymerized monomers, which interfere with isoelectric separation. ...
After that, the resulting solution was fractionated using standard procedures and generated, after isoelectric focusing, a ... This value was obtained with isoelectric focusing and chromatofocusing techniques. The enzyme broad temperature range is ... The BBE-like enzyme's optimum pH is 8.9, this means it works in an alkaline medium, but the isoelectric point of the ...
The first-dimension of 2D gel is isoelectric focusing (IEF). In this dimension, the protein is separated by its isoelectric ...
"Fractionation of Complex Protein Mixtures by Liquid-Phase Isoelectric Focusing". 2D PAGE: Sample Preparation and Fractionation ... ISBN 978-0-19-963789-8. Kozlowski LP (January 2017). "Proteome-pI: proteome isoelectric point database". Nucleic Acids Research ... can be monitored using various types of gel electrophoresis if the desired protein's molecular weight and isoelectric point are ...
Klose J (1975). "Protein mapping by combined isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis of mouse tissues. A novel approach to ... It can be used in projects ranging from large-scale whole proteome to focusing on a single protein family. It can be done in ...
"Size-selective separation of gold nanoparticles using isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF)". Chemical Communications (6 ... Clark, Michael D.; Kumar, Sanat K.; Owen, Jonathan S.; Chan, Emory M. (2011-05-11). "Focusing Nanocrystal Size Distributions ...
1995). "Purification of ginger proteases by DEAE-Sepharose and isoelectric focusing". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - ...
"Interface solution isoelectric focusing with in situ MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry". Electrophoresis. 35 (17): 2528-33. doi: ... Flow focusing can also be an active method with the constraint point being adjustable using pneumatic side chambers controlled ... Using specific flow-focusing multiphase designs that control flow rate and temperature, the size of nanoparticle formation can ... Hatch AC, Patel A, Beer NR, Lee AP (April 2013). "Passive droplet sorting using viscoelastic flow focusing". Lab on a Chip. 13 ...
ACES use in isoelectric focusing of proteins has also been documented. Use of ACES has been published in a protocol for the ... Alonso, A., "Human α-1-antitrypsin subtyping by hybrid isoelectric focusing in miniaturized polyacrylamide gel." " ...
Separation of the proteins by isoelectric point is called isoelectric focusing (IEF). Thereby, a pH gradient is applied to a ... In addition, proteins will not migrate when they have no charge (a result of the isoelectric focusing step) therefore the ... See Isoelectric focusing In quantitative proteomics, these tools primarily analyze bio-markers by quantifying individual ... Klose, J (1975). "Protein mapping by combined isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis of mouse tissues. A novel approach to ...
Williams RC, Shah C, Sackett D (November 1999). "Separation of tubulin isoforms by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH ... These subunits are slightly acidic, with an isoelectric point between 5.2 and 5.8. Each has a molecular weight of approximately ...
... comparison of three isoelectric focusing methods". Protein Expression and Purification. 9 (1): 76-82. doi:10.1006/prep. ...
As protein electrophoresis is imprecise, the A1AT phenotype is analysed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) in the pH range 4.5-5.5, ... this causes the heterogeneity observed on normal A1AT when analysed by isoelectric focusing. Also, the fucosylated triantennary ... where the protein migrates in a gel according to its isoelectric point or charge in a pH gradient. Normal A1AT is termed M, as ...
Her thesis is titled "Isoelectric Focusing for Multi-Dimensional Separations in Microfluidic Devices."[citation needed] After ...
250, 4007-4021 (1974). Klose, J. Protein mapping by combined isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis of mouse tissues. A novel ...
ATTR can be identified using isoelectric focusing which separates mutated forms of transthyretin. Findings can be corroborated ...
Ampholytes are used to establish a stable pH gradient for use in isoelectric focusing. Metal oxides which react with both acids ... Ate complex Isoelectric point Zwitterion IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online ... The pH at which the average charge is zero is known as the molecule's isoelectric point. ...
"Ultrasensitive fluorescence protein detection in isoelectric focusing gels using a ruthenium metal chelate stain". ...
Isoelectric focusing is the separation of proteins, organelles, and cells with different isoelectric points. Isoelectric ... Examples of continuous-flow separation techniques include continuous-flow electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, continuous- ... Sorting and focusing of the species of interest is achieved because an electrophoretic force causes perpendicular migration ... Thus, companies focusing on tropical diseases must often combine their research objectives for tropical disease with research ...
1987). "Genetic study of red cell esterase D polymorphism by ultrathin layer isoelectric focusing. Distribution in the Veneto ...
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis sequentially combines isoelectric focusing or BAC-PAGE with a SDS-PAGE. Native PAGE is used ...
"Genetic variation in different varieties of Siamese fighting fish using isoelectric focusing of sarcoplasmic proteins". ...
... s are prolamins and are separated on the basis of electrophoretic mobility and isoelectric focusing. Gliadin peptides ...
There were around ten molecular forms of esterases present based on isoelectric focusing and gel electrophoresis. The main two ...
Isoelectric focusing can resolve proteins that differ in pI value by as little as 0.01. Isoelectric focusing is the first step ... "Multijunction Capillary Isoelectric Focusing Device Combined with Online Membrane-Assisted Buffer Exchanger Enables Isoelectric ... Isoelectric focusing (IEF), also known as electrofocusing, is a technique for separating different molecules by differences in ... Isoelectric focusing is the only step in preparative one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. According to some opinions, living ...
... isoelectric point) marker in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. ... Two-dimensional gel isoelectric focusing.. Stastna M and Slais ... The focusing positions of polypeptides in immobilized pH gradients can be predicted from their amino acid sequences. ... Carbonic Anhydrase I from human erythrocytes is a protein which is used as a standard pI (isoelectric point) marker for ... Carbonic Anhydrase I from human erythrocytes has been used as a pI (isoelectric point) marker in two-dimensional gel ...
Key words: Isoelectric focusing, Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia zilli, protein profiles, Journal of Aquatic Sciences Vol.17(2) ... Isoelectric focusing methodology using LKB 2117 Multiphor 11 electrofocusing apparatus was used for electofocusing and ... Identification of ,i,Oreochromis niloticus,/i, (Linnaeus, 1758) and ,i,Tilapia zilli,/i, (Gervais, 1848) using Isoelectric ...
Isoelectric focusing) applicationsDehydrated microbiology culture media cultivate and isolate microorganisms for researching ... IsoGel(R) Agarose is a highly purified agarose specifically manufactured for isoelectric focusing (IEF). It has no measurable ...
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Dive into the research topics of Isoelectric focusing studies of human serum and tissue isoamylases. Together they form a ...
High Resolution IsoElectric Focusing (HiRIEF). After clean-up the sample pools were subjected to peptide IEF-IPG (isoelectric ... Lengqvist, J., Uhlen, K. & Lehtio, J. iTRAQ compatibility of peptide immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing. Proteomics 7 ... Quantitative membrane proteomics applying narrow range peptide isoelectric focusing for studies of small cell lung cancer ... we performed an in-depth proteome analysis of resting platelets using peptide level high-resolution isoelectric focusing and ...
Tear Analysis by Isoelectric Focusing in Clinically Isolated Syndrome as Multiple Sclerosis Criterio… ... Isoelectric Focusing of Tears in Children With Radiologically Isolated or Clinically Isolated Syndro… ... Microchip UV absorbance detection applied to isoelectric focusing of proteins. * Chromatofocusing purification of CD1b-antigen ... complexes and their analysis by isoelectric focusing. * A versatile semi-permanent sequential bilayer/diblock polymer coating ...
On-Chip Isoelectric Focusing Using Photopolymerized Immobilized pH Gradients journal, May 2008 * Sommer, Greg J.; Singh, Anup K ... Miniaturized capillary isoelectric focusing in plastic microfluidic devices journal, October 2002 * Tan, Woei; Fan, Z. Hugh; ... Parallel isoelectric focusing II journal, November 2004 * Zilberstein, Gleb V.; Baskin, Emmanuil M.; Bukshpan, Shmuel ... Multistage Isoelectric Focusing in a Polymeric Microfluidic Chip journal, December 2005 * Cui, Huanchun; Horiuchi, Keisuke; ...
... in a item; memory plan can ... Download Techniques Of Sample Preraration For Liquid Scintillation Counting Isoelectric Focusing. 4 Carole Zucker, The Cinema ...
... isoelectric focusing, and immunoblotting. Together they form a unique fingerprint. * Isoelectric Focusing Medicine & Life ... Isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting studies revealed oligoclonal IgG bands in the aqueous of 13 of 23 (57%) patients with ... Isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting studies revealed oligoclonal IgG bands in the aqueous of 13 of 23 (57%) patients with ... Isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting studies revealed oligoclonal IgG bands in the aqueous of 13 of 23 (57%) patients with ...
Preparative denaturing isoelectric focusing for enhancing sensitivity of proteomic studies. Read our blog about seriously cool ...
Isoelectric focusing showed that both isolates expressed two β-lactamases focusing at pIs 5.4 and 9.0, suggesting that they ... Isoelectric Focusing. Crude β-lactamase extracts were prepared by using sonication (27) as described previously (23). We ... The use of analytical isoelectric focusing for detection and identification of β-lactamases. J Gen Microbiol. 1975;88:169-78. ... performed isoelectric focusing by the method of Matthew et al. (28) with an LKB Multiphor apparatus on prepared PAGplate gels ( ...
... analysis of alkaline proteins is challenging due to the difficult separation of basic proteins during the isoelectric focusing ...
The prospect of direct coupling of immunoaffinity capture and capillary isoelectric focusing in analysis of protein drugs DOI ... p,Capillary isoelectric focusing efficiently analyze heterogeneity of protein drugs. My colleagues and I recently developed a ... in which subsequent separation by isoelectric focusing is achieved. The method adds a new option for the analysis of protein ... method to couple immunoaffinity capture and separation by isoelectric focusing in a single capillary. The method allows sample ...
A procedure to detect raw and gelatinized starch activities of glucoamylase on isoelectric focusing (IEF) gels by using 2, 3, 5 ... Separation and direct detection of raw and gelatinized starch hydrolyzing activities of glucoamylase on isoelectric focusing ... Separation and direct detection of raw and gelatinized starch hydrolyzing activities of glucoamylase on isoelectric focusing ... Separation and direct detection of raw and gelatinized starch hydrolyzing activities of glucoamylase on isoelectric focusing ...
Coupling of Solid-Phase Microextraction and Capillary Isoelectric Focusing with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Whole Column Imaging ...
keywords = "isoelectric focusing, paternity test, ph gradient, protein variant, transferrin, isoelectric focusing, paternity ... Isoelectric focusing in carrier ampholyte-separator pH gradients cannot be recommended as a standard typing procedure because ... Isoelectric focusing in carrier ampholyte-separator pH gradients cannot be recommended as a standard typing procedure because ... Isoelectric focusing in carrier ampholyte-separator pH gradients cannot be recommended as a standard typing procedure because ...
Membrane proteome analysis of microdissected ovarian tumor tissues using capillary isoelectric focusing/reversed-phase liquid ... Membrane proteome analysis of microdissected ovarian tumor tissues using capillary isoelectric focusing/reversed-phase liquid ...
Membrane proteome analysis of microdissected ovarian tumor tissues using capillary isoelectric focusing/reversed-phase liquid ... Membrane proteome analysis of microdissected ovarian tumor tissues using capillary isoelectric focusing/reversed-phase liquid ... Membrane proteome analysis of microdissected ovarian tumor tissues using capillary isoelectric focusing/reversed-phase liquid ... Membrane proteome analysis of microdissected ovarian tumor tissues using capillary isoelectric focusing/reversed-phase liquid ...
Analysis of genetic variation in two human thyroxine-binding plasma proteins by immunodetection after isoelectric focusing ... Analysis of genetic variation in two human thyroxine-binding plasma proteins by immunodetection after isoelectric focusing ...
Oligoclonal Banding - Isoelectric Focusing 2 weeks at 2-8ºC. Shipping and storage. UK and Ireland. Ambient temperature and ...
Isoelectric focusing (IEF). *Western blotting analysis. *Purification of a recombinant protein by means of affinity ...
Figure 3. Isoelectric focusing gel picture (RESOLVE™, Perkin Elmer, Finland); from left to right: patterns of FAC, FAS, FS, and ... Figure 3. Isoelectric focusing gel picture (RESOLVE™, Perkin Elmer, Finland); from left to right: patterns of FAC, FAS, FS, and ... Campbell, M.; Henthorn, J.S.; Davies, S.C. Evaluation of cation-exchange HPLC compared with isoelectric focusing for neonatal ... haemoglobins E and H disorders using isoelectric focusing on dry blood spots. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 2014, 51, 237-247. [Google ...
b) Horizontal Gel Apparatus: It is used for immune-electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis of DNA and RNA in ... Isoelectric Focusing, D- Immuno Electrophoresis *15. . Paper Electrophoresis: • A filter paper is immersed into buffer . • The ...
Focusing, Hemoglobin By High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Test,Hemoglobin Solubility Test, Hemoglobin ... Hemoglobin Isoelectric (Hb IEF) Focusing, Hemoglobin By High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Test,Hemoglobin ...
The isoelectric focusing of Est-5, Est-4, β-Amy-1, α-Amy-1, and α-Amy-2 and the RAPD data generated with 24 ... The isoelectric focusing of Est-5, Est-4, β-Amy-1, α-Amy-1, and α-Amy-2 and the RAPD data generated with 24 ...
"Miniaturized Isoelectric Focusing (µIEF) As a Component of a Multi-Dimensional Microfluidic System." In Micro Total Analysis ... "Miniaturized Capillary Isoelectric Focusing (cIEF): Towards a Portable High-Speed Separation Method." In Micro Total Analysis ... "Microchip isoelectric focusing using a miniature scanning detection system." Electrophoresis 22, no. 11 (2001): 2291-2295.. DOI ... "Investigation of a Miniaturized Capillary Isoelectric Focusing (cIEF) System Using a Full-Field Detection Approach." In Solid ...
6 Isoelectric focusing. 7 Staining. 8 Strategies for IPG focusing. Method 11: High-resolution 2-D electrophoresis. 1 Sample ... 6 Isoelectric focusing. 7 Staining. 8 Strategies for IPG focusing. Method 11: High-resolution 2-D electrophoresis. 1 Sample ... 3 Isoelectric focusing. 3.1 Principles. 3.2 Gels for IEF. 3.3 Temperature. 3.4 Controlling the pH gradient. 3.5 The kinds of pH ... 3 Isoelectric focusing. 3.1 Principles. 3.2 Gels for IEF. 3.3 Temperature. 3.4 Controlling the pH gradient. 3.5 The kinds of pH ...
  • Isoelectric focusing is the first step in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, in which proteins are first separated by their pI value and then further separated by molecular weight through SDS-PAGE. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isoelectric focusing is the only step in preparative one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carbonic Anhydrase I from human erythrocytes has been used as a pI (isoelectric point) marker in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Both lipids and glycogen are known to interfere with the first step in the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), the isoelectric focusing. (hindawi.com)
  • Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Membrane proteome analysis of microdissected ovarian tumor tissues using capillary isoelectric focusing/reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem MS'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 2DE analysis of alkaline proteins is challenging due to the difficult separation of basic proteins during the isoelectric focusing (IEF). (nih.gov)
  • My colleagues and I recently developed a method to couple immunoaffinity capture and separation by isoelectric focusing in a single capillary. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The method allows sample pretreatment, i.e., purification and concentration, in a single capillary, in which subsequent separation by isoelectric focusing is achieved. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Evaluation of protein loading techniques and improved separation in OFFGEL isoelectric focusing. (mpg.de)
  • Salts, ionic molecules and ionic detergents interfere with isoelectric focusing and compromise protein separation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Inactivation of the catalytic activity with organophosphate pesticides did not change the isoelectric point of the isozymes, and therefore separation of native from organophosphate inhibited AChE did not occur. (cdc.gov)
  • Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of serum transferrin (Tf) is still the method of choice for diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). (nih.gov)
  • Isoelectric focusing can resolve proteins that differ in pI value by as little as 0.01. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to some opinions, living eukaryotic cells perform isoelectric focusing of proteins in their interior to overcome a limitation of the rate of metabolic reaction by diffusion of enzymes and their reactants, and to regulate the rate of particular biochemical processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The detergent-based membrane protein preparation protocol not only extracts proteins effectively from cell pellets but also is compatible with subsequent proteome analysis using combined capillary isoelctric focusing/nano reversed-phase liquid chromatography separations coupled with nano electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. (arizona.edu)
  • In the first-dimension, proteins are separated according to their isoelectric point (pI)-the pH at which the protein net charge is zero-in a process known as isoelectric focusing (IEF). (thermofisher.com)
  • During conventional IEF, amphoteric molecules, like proteins, migrate until they reach a region where the pH of the matrix matches their isoelectric point and they "focus" into sharp bands. (thermofisher.com)
  • Capillary isoelectric focusing efficiently analyze heterogeneity of protein drugs. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting studies revealed oligoclonal IgG bands in the aqueous of 13 of 23 (57%) patients with FHC, most being of the IgG1 subclass. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • 3. Positive findings in a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen (isoelectric focusing evidence of oligoclonal bands and/or elevated immunoglobulin (Ig) G index) [If a recent CSF sample or results from a previous CSF test from each patient is not available, this data will be considered missing information]. (who.int)
  • The polymorphism of transferrin (Tf) is currently being studied by isoelectric focusing in carrier ampholyte-generated pH gradients, carrier ampholyte-separator pH gradients or in immobilized pH gradients. (unicatt.it)
  • Tf subtype resolution was only achieved by using isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients with pH slopes reliably reproducible from one experiment to another. (unicatt.it)
  • A system using immobilized pH gradients for isoelectric focusing (IEF) was also developed providing greater reproducibility of 2-dimensional patterns. (europa.eu)
  • A procedure to detect raw and gelatinized starch activities of glucoamylase on isoelectric focusing (IEF) gels by using 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride is described. (uni-mysore.ac.in)
  • Isoelectric focusing methodology using LKB 2117 Multiphor 11 electrofocusing apparatus was used for electofocusing and identification of Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia zilli. (ajol.info)
  • isoelectric focusing : theory, methodology and applications / Pier Giorgio Righetti. (ua.pt)
  • Isoelectric focusing in carrier ampholyte-separator pH gradients cannot be recommended as a standard typing procedure because the results strongly depend on the batch of carrier ampholytes. (unicatt.it)
  • Isoelectric focusing (IEF), also known as electrofocusing, is a technique for separating different molecules by differences in their isoelectric point (pI). (wikipedia.org)
  • As a particle moves toward the pole opposite of its charge it moves through the changing pH gradient until it reaches a point in which the pH of that molecules isoelectric point is reached. (wikipedia.org)
  • By modification of the isoelectric point (pI) of molecules of an enzyme by, e.g., phosphorylation or dephosphorylation, the cell can transfer molecules of the enzyme between different parts of its interior, to switch on or switch off particular biochemical processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carbonic Anhydrase I from human erythrocytes is a protein which is used as a standard pI (isoelectric point) marker for isoelectric focussing experiments. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • A protein that is in a pH region below its isoelectric point (pI) will be positively charged and so will migrate toward the cathode (negatively charged electrode). (wikipedia.org)
  • Small changes in the protein mass or isoelectric point (pI) translate into a detectable protein shift. (thermofisher.com)
  • The method consisted of isoelectric focusing (IEF) of dog serum, followed by immunoblotting. (lu.se)
  • Otto not are an British download handbook of isoelectric focusing and proteomics 2005 of what Description jeweils somatically Then. (erzebet.com.ar)
  • The Regent Taktse Shabdrung and little songs n't was a download handbook of isoelectric focusing and proteomics 2005 to the clinical political pp. that they was Kelsang Gyatso as the Dalai Lama. (erzebet.com.ar)
  • Isoelectric focusing nonporous RP HPLC: a two-dimensional liquid-phase separation method for mapping of cellular proteins with identification using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. (nih.gov)
  • The proteins are separated by pI using isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and by hydrophobicity using nonporous reversed-phase HPLC in the second dimension (IEF-NP RP HPLC). (nih.gov)
  • A proteomics platform combining depletion, multi-lectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC), and isoelectric focusing to study the breast cancer proteome. (nih.gov)
  • A protein that is in a pH region below its isoelectric point (pI) will be positively charged and so will migrate toward the cathode (negatively charged electrode). (wikipedia.org)
  • A universal indicator dye demonstrates the generation of stable, reversible pH gradients (3-10) in ampholyte buffers, and these gradients lead to protein focusing within the drop length. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The reduced protein had a pI of 5.1 as judged by isoelectric focusing. (nih.gov)
  • All three preparations were fractionated by membrane or Sephadex ultrafiltration and iso-electric focusing in polyacrylamide gels, as well as being examined by immunoelectrophoretic techniques. (gla.ac.uk)
  • and in isoelectric focusing to minimize endoosmotic flow in agarose gels. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • There was a complete agreement that isoelectric focusing on agarose gels followed by immunoblotting should be the "gold standard" for detecting the presence of oligoclonal bands. (sebia.com)
  • Since beta-lactamases may be universally produced by bacteria, separation of the enzymes by analytical isoelectric focusing could be used in bacterial taxonomy. (nih.gov)
  • The collected glycoproteomes were then subjected to isoelectric focusing (IEF) separation by a digital ProteomeChip (dPC), followed by in-gel digestion and LC-MS analysis using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. (nih.gov)
  • Detection of isoforms of recombinant human erythropoietin by various plant lectins after isoelectric focusing. (tuwien.at)
  • The use of analytical isoelectric focusing for detection and identification of beta-lactamases. (nih.gov)
  • They were both acidic based on their migration on an acrylamide isoelectric focusing (IEF) gel. (usda.gov)
  • With arginines at both positions, ApoE4 is the most basic of the three species and was designated 4 based on its migration upon isoelectric focusing (see Nomenclature Notes below). (alzforum.org)
  • Chromatofocusing purification of CD1b-antigen complexes and their analysis by isoelectric focusing. (illumina.com)
  • Currently his research is focusing on the elimination of organic solvents from the sample preparation step to facilitate on-site monitoring and in-vivo analysis. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Calf lens homogenates were incubated at temperatures ranging from 37 to 45 degrees-C. Isoelectric focused gel analysis of the lenses incubated for 30 minutes at 45 degrees showed a definite loss in the lowest points of the alpha crystallin components. (cdc.gov)
  • A novel approach to molecular separations is investigated using a technique termed droplet-based isoelectric focusing. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The loss of alpha crystallin from the isoelectric focusing pattern was due to aggregation to higher molecular weight particles which could not enter the gel. (cdc.gov)