Shahid Jameel

Rhodococcus equi

Glyoxylate cycle

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism

Malate synthase

Gluconeogenesis

Aldol reaction

Oxaloacetic acid

Phosphonopyruvate hydrolase

Glyoxylic acid

Succinic acid

Phosphoenolpyruvate mutase

Glyoxysome

Steven M. Smith

Hans Adolf Krebs

Itaconic acid

List of MeSH codes (D08)

ICL

List of EC numbers (EC 4)

Isocitrate lyase family

Methylisocitrate lyase

Isocitrate lyase

Glycolysis

Glutamate decarboxylase

Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase

Pyruvate cycling

Fatty acid synthesis

Citric acid cycle

List of EC numbers (EC 2)

L-xylulose reductase

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4

AKR1B1

Intracellular parasite

Aldol reaction

Citrate synthase

3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase

Citron kinase

BCKDHA

Succinate dehydrogenase

Kynureninase

Fatty acid metabolism

Respiratory complex I

Cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha-diol 3beta-dehydrogenase

PRKCQ

SDHB

MAST1

Oxaloacetic acid

Glycolysis

3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase

List of enzymes

MAP2K1

Citric acid cycle

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

Cyclin-dependent kinase 8

Enzymes isocitrate lyase3

• The glyoxylate cycle is a sequence of anaplerotic reactions catalyzed by the key enzymes isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase (MLS). (mdpi.com)
• The citric acid cycle is modified to bypass the two decarboxylation steps by the action of its two key enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. (pnas.org)
• The glyxoylate shunt consists of two enzymes, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. (jcvi.org)

Protein2

• Specific activity of isocitrate lyase was 0.06 units/mg protein and specific activity of malate synthase was 0.03 units/mg protein. (nih.gov)
• This protein is involved in step 2 of the subpathway that synthesizes (S)-malate from isocitrate. (uniprot.org)

Organism1

• View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the subpathway that synthesizes (S)-malate from isocitrate , the pathway glyoxylate cycle and in Carbohydrate metabolism . (uniprot.org)

Glyoxylate shunt2

• Persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and mice requires the glyoxylate shunt enzyme isocitrate lyase. (nih.gov)
• Genes coding for isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase were recently identified in two strains of the genus Cyanothece , and the existence of the complete glyoxylate shunt was verified in a strain of Chlorogloeopsis fritschii . (microbiologyresearch.org)

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS6

• Isocitrate lyase (ICL) plays a pivotal role in the persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice by sustaining intracellular infection in inflammatory macrophages. (elsevier.com)
• Sacchettini, James C. / Structure of isocitrate lyase, a persistence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (elsevier.com)
• Active Site Flexibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isocitrate Lyase in Dimer Form. (bireme.br)
• Alterations in conformational topology and interaction dynamics caused by L418A mutation leads to activity loss of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase. (bireme.br)
• Mechanism-based inactivator of isocitrate lyases 1 and 2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (amedeo.com)
• Sharma, A. Screening of anti-mycobacterial phytochemical compounds for potential inhibitors against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis isocitrate lyase. (eurekaselect.com)

Genes3

• However, these results have been underestimated because genes for the two key enzymes of the cycle, isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase (MS), are not annotated in Leishmania genomes. (degruyter.com)
• Genes for isocitrate lyase are found only in nematodes, in which, it is apparent, they originated in horizontal gene transfer from bacteria. (wikibooks.org)
• In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , there are three genes encoding NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, each of which is located in just one of the three compartments. (asmscience.org)

Cleavage of isocitrate1

• We also observed four residues (Ser91, Asp108, Asp153, and Cys191) which could possibly be the nucleophiles for nucleophilic attack on the cleavage of isocitrate at the C -C bond. (bireme.br)

Citrate4

• ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the generation of acetyl CoA from citrate. (aacrjournals.org)
• ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic enzyme that converts mitochondria-derived citrate into acetyl CoA ( 11 ), which is a precursor for both fatty acid and mevalonate synthesis pathways. (aacrjournals.org)
• ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes generation of acetyl-CoA, which is a vital building block for fatty acid, cholesterol, and isoprenoid biosynthesis. (aacrjournals.org)
• ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic enzyme that connects glucose/glutamine metabolism to de novo lipid synthesis ( 1-5 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Anaplerotic1

• However, the glyoxylate cycle cannot be the sole solution for acetyl-CoA assimilation, because several organisms that require such an anaplerotic reaction sequence lack isocitrate lyase activity ( 4 - 8 ) or show a labeling pattern after growth on acetate inconsistent with the operation of the glyoxylate cycle in acetate assimilation ( 9 , 10 ). (pnas.org)

Metabolism1

• Here we report that persistence of M. tuberculosis in mice is facilitated by isocitrate lyase (ICL), an enzyme essential for the metabolism of fatty acids. (nih.gov)

Phosphoenolpyruvate1

• Glucose triggers the degradation of the ICL1 and PCK1 transcripts in C. albicans , yet isocitrate lyase (Icl1) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1) are stable and are retained. (asm.org)

Peroxisomal2

• Isocitrate lyase (ICL) is a peroxisomal glyoxylate cycle enzyme necessary for early seedling development. (genetics.org)
• During this process, glyoxysomal enzymes, such as malate synthase and isocitrate lyase, are specifically degraded ( Mori and Nishimura, 1989 ), and leaf peroxisomal enzymes, such as glycolate oxidase and hydroxypyruvate reductase, are newly synthesized and transported into the organelle. (plantcell.org)

Proteins2

• Isocitrate lyase family is a family of evolutionarily related proteins. (wikipedia.org)
• Three of the proteins - gamma-interferon, porcine elastase and isocitrate lyase - were so flawless that several pharmaceutical companies have expressed an interest in them. (newscientist.com)

Synthesis1

• Control of isocitrate lyase synthesis in Chlorella fusca var. (portlandpress.com)

Activity2

• Activity and functional properties of the isocitrate lyase in the cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. (microbiologyresearch.org)
• Activity staining of isocitrate lyase after electrophoresis on either native or sodium dodecyl sulfa. (biomedsearch.com)

Mycobacteria2

• The model demonstrated a potential role for the enzyme isocitrate lyase during the slow growth of mycobacteria, and this hypothesis was experimentally verified. (biomedcentral.com)
• Beste DJ, Bonde B, Hawkins N, Ward JL, Beale MH, Noack S, Nöh K, Kruger NJ, Ratcliffe RG, McFadden J . (2011) '¹³C metabolic flux analysis identifies an unusual route for pyruvate dissimilation in mycobacteria which requires isocitrate lyase and carbon dioxide fixation. (surrey.ac.uk)

Mutants1

• We have identified two allelic Arabidopsis mutants, icl-1 and icl-2, which lack the glyoxylate cycle because of the absence of the key enzyme isocitrate lyase. (pnas.org)

Biosynthesis1

• In addition, the diverse group of streptomycetes uses an alternate, isocitrate lyase-independent route for acetyl-CoA assimilation, and there appears to be a direct link to antibiotic biosynthesis ( 8 , 14 ). (pnas.org)

Isolation1

• Isolation and characterization of isocitrate lyase from a thermophilic Bacillus sp. (degruyter.com)

Fatty1

• Acetyl CoA, an end product of fatty acid β-oxidation, is metabolized further to produce succinate by the action of five enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle involving isocitrate lyase. (plantcell.org)

Carbon2

• This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the oxo-acid-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. (wikipedia.org)
• By diverting isocitrate from the TCA cycle, the actions of ICL and malate synthase in the glyoxylate cycle result in the net assimilation of carbon from 2-carbon compounds. (wikipedia.org)

Crystal structure1

• 2000. The crystal structure and active site location of isocitrate lyase from the fungus Aspergillus nidulans. (degruyter.com)

Cycle4

• Key enzymes of glyoxylate cycle, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase, are active in the fasting rat liver. (nih.gov)
• Two enzymes unique to the glyoxylate cycle, namely malate synthase (MS) and isocitrate lyase (ICL), allow the decarboxylation steps of the tricarboxylic acid cycle to be bypassed, resulting in the net conversion of two molecules of acetyl-CoA into one of succinate. (pnas.org)
• Isocitrate lyase, the first key enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle, together with enzymes of the citric acid cycle, is responsible for the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to glyoxylate ( Fig. 1 ). (pnas.org)
• Two enzymes involved in the glyoxylate cycle-isocitrate lyase ( ICL ) and malate synthase ( MLS )-are located in the matrix of peroxisomes. (plantcell.org)

Acid1

• Nucleic acid (cDNA) and amino acid sequences of isocitrate lyase from castor bean. (bath.ac.uk)

Active1

• Instead of focusing on the drug target of active stage TB, we are highlighting the isocitrate lyase (ICL) at the dormant stage TB. (bireme.br)

Class1

• The systematic name of this enzyme class is isocitrate glyoxylate-lyase (succinate-forming). (wikipedia.org)

Product1

• Using 1 H-NMR analysis, the product of isocitrate lyases, succinate, increased about 15 times in the acetate medium. (ijbs.com)

Found1

• In addition, the glyoxylate enzymes malate synthase and isocitrate lyase have been found in animal tissues. (wikibooks.org)

Cell1

• Isotopically labeled acetate and bicarbonate were transformed to ethylmalonyl-CoA by cell extracts of acetate-grown, isocitrate lyase-negative Rhodobacter sphaeroides as determined by NMR spectroscopy. (pnas.org)