Ischemia. Medical search

A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.

A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).

Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.

Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.

Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)

Restoration of blood supply to tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. It is primarily a procedure for treating infarction or other ischemia, by enabling viable ischemic tissue to recover, thus limiting further necrosis. However, it is thought that reperfusion can itself further damage the ischemic tissue, causing REPERFUSION INJURY.

A tissue or organ remaining at physiological temperature during decreased BLOOD perfusion or in the absence of blood supply. During ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION it begins when the organ reaches physiological temperature before the completion of SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS and ends with reestablishment of the BLOOD CIRCULATION through the tissue.

The chilling of a tissue or organ during decreased BLOOD perfusion or in the absence of blood supply. Cold ischemia time during ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION begins when the organ is cooled with a cold perfusion solution after ORGAN PROCUREMENT surgery, and ends after the tissue reaches physiological temperature during implantation procedures.

A technique in which tissue is rendered resistant to the deleterious effects of prolonged ISCHEMIA and REPERFUSION by prior exposure to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion. (Am J Physiol 1995 May;268(5 Pt 2):H2063-7, Abstract)

A subfamily of the Muridae consisting of several genera including Gerbillus, Rhombomys, Tatera, Meriones, and Psammomys.

Reduced blood flow to the spinal cord which is supplied by the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries. This condition may be associated with ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, trauma, emboli, diseases of the aorta, and other disorders. Prolonged ischemia may lead to INFARCTION of spinal cord tissue.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Exposure of myocardial tissue to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion in order to render the myocardium resistant to the deleterious effects of ISCHEMIA or REPERFUSION. The period of pre-exposure and the number of times the tissue is exposed to ischemia and reperfusion vary, the average being 3 to 5 minutes.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.

NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.

Generally, restoration of blood supply to heart tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. Reperfusion can be induced to treat ischemia. Methods include chemical dissolution of an occluding thrombus, administration of vasodilator drugs, angioplasty, catheterization, and artery bypass graft surgery. However, it is thought that reperfusion can itself further damage the ischemic tissue, causing MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.

The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).

Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may be CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; SYMPATHOMIMETICS; or other drugs. They are used after MYOCARDIAL INFARCT; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; in SHOCK; or in congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The act of constricting.

Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)

Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.

Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)

Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.

Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.

The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.

The region of the lower limb in animals, extending from the gluteal region to the FOOT, and including the BUTTOCKS; HIP; and LEG.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.

The pathological process occurring in cells that are dying from irreparable injuries. It is caused by the progressive, uncontrolled action of degradative ENZYMES, leading to MITOCHONDRIAL SWELLING, nuclear flocculation, and cell lysis. It is distinct it from APOPTOSIS, which is a normal, regulated cellular process.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

Prolonged dysfunction of the myocardium after a brief episode of severe ischemia, with gradual return of contractile activity.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

Abnormally low BODY TEMPERATURE that is intentionally induced in warm-blooded animals by artificial means. In humans, mild or moderate hypothermia has been used to reduce tissue damages, particularly after cardiac or spinal cord injuries and during subsequent surgeries.

The application of repeated, brief periods of vascular occlusion at the onset of REPERFUSION to reduce REPERFUSION INJURY that follows a prolonged ischemic event. The techniques are similar to ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING but the time of application is after the ischemic event instead of before.

The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The removal of a limb or other appendage or outgrowth of the body. (Dorland, 28th ed)

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

A method of non-invasive, continuous measurement of MICROCIRCULATION. The technique is based on the values of the DOPPLER EFFECT of low-power laser light scattered randomly by static structures and moving tissue particulates.

The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.

The mitochondria of the myocardium.

An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)

A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.

The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.

The anterior of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain arising from the NEURAL TUBE. It subdivides to form DIENCEPHALON and TELENCEPHALON. (Stedmans Medical Dictionary, 27th ed)

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

The development of new BLOOD VESSELS during the restoration of BLOOD CIRCULATION during the healing process.

A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

Maintenance of blood flow to an organ despite obstruction of a principal vessel. Blood flow is maintained through small vessels.

A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.

The veins and arteries of the HEART.

Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.

A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.

A hemeprotein from leukocytes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to a hereditary disorder coupled with disseminated moniliasis. It catalyzes the conversion of a donor and peroxide to an oxidized donor and water. EC 1.11.1.7.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.

The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the left HEART VENTRICLE. Its measurement is an important aspect of the clinical evaluation of patients with heart disease to determine the effects of the disease on cardiac performance.

An alternative to amputation in patients with neoplasms, ischemia, fractures, and other limb-threatening conditions. Generally, sophisticated surgical procedures such as vascular surgery and reconstruction are used to salvage diseased limbs.

Method in which prolonged electrocardiographic recordings are made on a portable tape recorder (Holter-type system) or solid-state device ("real-time" system), while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It is useful in the diagnosis and management of intermittent cardiac arrhythmias and transient myocardial ischemia.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.

A large vessel supplying the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra.

A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).

An in situ method for detecting areas of DNA which are nicked during APOPTOSIS. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is used to add labeled dUTP, in a template-independent manner, to the 3 prime OH ends of either single- or double-stranded DNA. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling, or TUNEL, assay labels apoptosis on a single-cell level, making it more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of DNA FRAGMENTATION.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Operative procedures for the treatment of vascular disorders.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

Devices for the compression of a blood vessel by application around an extremity to control the circulation and prevent the flow of blood to or from the distal area. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A condition of decreased oxygen content at the cellular level.

The process by which chemical compounds provide protection to cells against harmful agents.

Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.

A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.

The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.

Organic compounds containing both the hydroxyl and carboxyl radicals.

The blood vessels which supply and drain the RETINA.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

10-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.

A reduction in brain oxygen supply due to ANOXEMIA (a reduced amount of oxygen being carried in the blood by HEMOGLOBIN), or to a restriction of the blood supply to the brain, or both. Severe hypoxia is referred to as anoxia, and is a relatively common cause of injury to the central nervous system. Prolonged brain anoxia may lead to BRAIN DEATH or a PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE. Histologically, this condition is characterized by neuronal loss which is most prominent in the HIPPOCAMPUS; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; CEREBELLUM; and inferior olives.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.

The dialdehyde of malonic acid.

Inflammation of the COLON due to colonic ISCHEMIA resulting from alterations in systemic circulation or local vasculature.

A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.

A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)

The process by which organs are kept viable outside of the organism from which they were removed (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

Pregnane derivatives containing three double bonds in the ring structures.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.

Synthetic or natural substances which are given to prevent a disease or disorder or are used in the process of treating a disease or injury due to a poisonous agent.

The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.

Solutions which, upon administration, will temporarily arrest cardiac activity. They are used in the performance of heart surgery.

Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules.

The largest of the cerebral arteries. It trifurcates into temporal, frontal, and parietal branches supplying blood to most of the parenchyma of these lobes in the CEREBRAL CORTEX. These are the areas involved in motor, sensory, and speech activities.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A procedure to stop the contraction of MYOCARDIUM during HEART SURGERY. It is usually achieved with the use of chemicals (CARDIOPLEGIC SOLUTIONS) or cold temperature (such as chilled perfusate).

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.

The degree to which BLOOD VESSELS are not blocked or obstructed.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

The pressure within a CARDIAC VENTRICLE. Ventricular pressure waveforms can be measured in the beating heart by catheterization or estimated using imaging techniques (e.g., DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY). The information is useful in evaluating the function of the MYOCARDIUM; CARDIAC VALVES; and PERICARDIUM, particularly with simultaneous measurement of other (e.g., aortic or atrial) pressures.

Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 9. Isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA.

A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.

The creation and display of functional images showing where the blood is flowing into the MYOCARDIUM by following over time the distribution of tracers injected into the blood stream.

The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.

The continuation of the femoral artery coursing through the popliteal fossa; it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.

Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

Surgical removal of an obstructing clot or foreign material which has been transported from a distant vessel by the bloodstream. Removal of a clot at its original site is called THROMBECTOMY.

An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by stimulation along AFFERENT PATHWAYS from PERIPHERAL NERVES to CEREBRUM.

A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.

Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A method of recording heart motion and internal structures by combining ultrasonic imaging with exercise testing (EXERCISE TEST) or pharmacologic stress.

A family of iminourea derivatives. The parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. Derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties.

Compounds based on N-phenylacetamide, that are similar in structure to 2-PHENYLACETAMIDES. They are precursors of many other compounds. They were formerly used as ANALGESICS and ANTIPYRETICS, but often caused lethal METHEMOGLOBINEMIA.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Solutions used to store organs and minimize tissue damage, particularly while awaiting implantation.

Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.

Use of a balloon catheter for dilation of an occluded artery. It is used in treatment of arterial occlusive diseases, including renal artery stenosis and arterial occlusions in the leg. For the specific technique of BALLOON DILATION in coronary arteries, ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON, CORONARY is available.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of PURINERGIC P1 RECEPTORS.

Either of two large arteries originating from the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall and legs.

A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.

A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.

Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.

A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.

An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions similar to those of chlorpropamide.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.

A technique for measuring extracellular concentrations of substances in tissues, usually in vivo, by means of a small probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Substances may also be introduced into the extracellular space through the membrane.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Unstable isotopes of thallium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Tl atoms with atomic weights 198-202, 204, and 206-210 are thallium radioisotopes.

Formation of an infarct, which is NECROSIS in tissue due to local ISCHEMIA resulting from obstruction of BLOOD CIRCULATION, most commonly by a THROMBUS or EMBOLUS.

The property of blood capillary ENDOTHELIUM that allows for the selective exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues and through membranous barriers such as the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER; BLOOD-AQUEOUS BARRIER; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD-NERVE BARRIER; BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER; and BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER. Small lipid-soluble molecules such as carbon dioxide and oxygen move freely by diffusion. Water and water-soluble molecules cannot pass through the endothelial walls and are dependent on microscopic pores. These pores show narrow areas (TIGHT JUNCTIONS) which may limit large molecule movement.

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS supplying the abdominal VISCERA.

The diffusion or accumulation of neutrophils in tissues or cells in response to a wide variety of substances released at the sites of inflammatory reactions.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

The farthest or outermost projections of the body, such as the HAND and FOOT.

Cell membrane glycoproteins that are selectively permeable to potassium ions. At least eight major groups of K channels exist and they are made up of dozens of different subunits.

Genetically developed small pigs for use in biomedical research. There are several strains - Yucatan miniature, Sinclair miniature, and Minnesota miniature.

A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)

An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29)

The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.

Expression of thrombospondin-1 in ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization. (1/5696)

Thrombospondin-1 is an extracellular matrix protein that inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. This study was performed to investigate the role of thrombospondin-1 in ischemic retinal neovascularization. In a murine model of retinal neovascularization, thrombospondin-1 mRNA was increased from postnatal day 13 (P13), with a threefold peak response observed on P15, corresponding to the time of development of retinal neovascularization. Prominent expression of thrombospondin-1 was observed in neovascular cells, specifically, cells adjacent to the area of nonperfusion. It has been suggested that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization of this model, so we studied the effects of VEGF on thrombospondin-1 expression. In bovine retinal microcapillary endothelial cells, VEGF induced a biphasic response of thrombospondin-1 expression; VEGF decreased thrombospondin-1 mRNA 0.41-fold after 4 hours, whereas it increased, with a threefold peak response, after 24 hours. VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation was completely inhibited by exogenous thrombospondin-1 and increased by 37.5% with anti-thrombospondin-1 antibody. The present findings suggest that, in the ischemic retina, retinal neovascular cells increase thrombospondin-1 expression, and VEGF may stimulate endogenous thrombospondin-1 induction, which inhibits endothelial cell growth. VEGF-mediated thrombospondin-1 induction in ischemia-induced angiogenesis may be a negative feedback mechanism. (+info)

Rescue of diabetes-related impairment of angiogenesis by intramuscular gene therapy with adeno-VEGF. (2/5696)

Diabetes is a major risk factor for coronary and peripheral artery diseases. Although diabetic patients often present with advanced forms of these diseases, it is not known whether the compensatory mechanisms to vascular ischemia are affected in this condition. Accordingly, we sought to determine whether diabetes could: 1) impair the development of new collateral vessel formation in response to tissue ischemia and 2) inhibit cytokine-induced therapeutic neovascularization. Hindlimb ischemia was created by femoral artery ligation in nonobese diabetic mice (NOD mice, n = 20) and in control C57 mice (n = 20). Hindlimb perfusion was evaluated by serial laser Doppler studies after the surgery. In NOD mice, measurement of the Doppler flow ratio between the ischemic and the normal limb indicated that restoration of perfusion in the ischemic hindlimb was significantly impaired. At day 14 after surgery, Doppler flow ratio in the NOD mice was 0.49+/-0.04 versus 0.73+/-0.06 for the C57 mice (P< or =0.005). This impairment in blood flow recovery persisted throughout the duration of the study with Doppler flow ratio values at day 35 of 0.50+/-0.05 versus 0.90+/-0.07 in the NOD and C57 mice, respectively (P< or =0.001). CD31 immunostaining confirmed the laser Doppler data by showing a significant reduction in capillary density in the NOD mice at 35 days after surgery (302+/-4 capillaries/mm2 versus 782+/-78 in C57 mice (P< or =0.005). The reduction in neovascularization in the NOD mice was the result of a lower level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the ischemic tissues, as assessed by Northern blot, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The central role of VEGF was confirmed by showing that normal levels of neovascularization (compared with C57) could be achieved in NOD mice that had been supplemented for this growth factor via intramuscular injection of an adenoviral vector encoding for VEGF. We conclude that 1) diabetes impairs endogenous neovascularization of ischemic tissues; 2) the impairment in new blood vessel formation results from reduced expression of VEGF; and 3) cytokine supplementation achieved by intramuscular adeno-VEGF gene transfer restores neovascularization in a mouse model of diabetes. (+info)

Modulation of the thermoregulatory sweating response to mild hyperthermia during activation of the muscle metaboreflex in humans. (3/5696)

1. To investigate the effect of the muscle metaboreflex on the thermoregulatory sweating response in humans, eight healthy male subjects performed sustained isometric handgrip exercise in an environmental chamber (35 C and 50 % relative humidity) at 30 or 45 % maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), at the end of which the blood circulation to the forearm was occluded for 120 s. The environmental conditions were such as to produce sweating by increase in skin temperature without a marked change in oesophageal temperature. 2. During circulatory occlusion after handgrip exercise at 30 % MVC for 120 s or at 45 % MVC for 60 s, the sweating rate (SR) on the chest and forearm (hairy regions), and the mean arterial blood pressure were significantly above baseline values (P < 0.05). There were no changes from baseline values in the oesophageal temperature, mean skin temperature, or SR on the palm (hairless regions). 3. During the occlusion after handgrip exercise at 30 % MVC for 60 s and during the occlusion alone, none of the measured parameters differed from baseline values. 4. It is concluded that, under mildly hyperthermic conditions, the thermoregulatory sweating response on the hairy regions is modulated by afferent signals from muscle metaboreceptors. (+info)

Hypothermic neuroprotection of peripheral nerve of rats from ischaemia-reperfusion injury. (4/5696)

Although there is much information on experimental ischaemic neuropathy, there are only scant data on neuroprotection. We evaluated the effectiveness of hypothermia in protecting peripheral nerve from ischaemia-reperfusion injury using the model of experimental nerve ischaemia. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. We used a ligation-reperfusion model of nerve ischaemia where each of the supplying arteries to the sciatic-tibial nerves of the right hind limb was ligated and the ligatures were released after a predetermined period of ischaemia. The right hind limbs of one group (24 rats) were made ischaemic for 5 h and those of the other group (24 rats) for 3 h. Each group was further divided into three and the limbs were maintained at 37 degrees C (36 degrees C for 5 h of ischaemia) in one, 32 degrees C in the second and 28 degrees C in the third of these groups for the final 2 h of the ischaemic period and an additional 2 h of the reperfusion period. A behavioural score was recorded and nerve electrophysiology of motor and sensory nerves was undertaken 1 week after surgical procedures. At that time, entire sciatic-tibial nerves were harvested and fixed in situ. Four portions of each nerve were examined: proximal sciatic nerve, distal sciatic nerve, mid-tibial nerve and distal tibial nerve. To determine the degree of fibre degeneration, each section was studied by light microscopy, and we estimated an oedema index and a fibre degeneration index. The groups treated at 36-37 degrees C underwent marked fibre degeneration, associated with a reduction in action potential and impairment in behavioural score. The groups treated at 28 degrees C (for both 3 and 5 h) showed significantly less (P < 0.01; ANOVA, Bonferoni post hoc test) reperfusion injury for all indices (behavioural score, electrophysiology and neuropathology), and the groups treated at 32 degrees C had scores intermediate between the groups treated at 36-37 degrees C and 28 degrees C. Our results showed that cooling the limbs dramatically protects the peripheral nerve from ischaemia-reperfusion injury. (+info)

Age-related outcome for peripheral thrombolysis. (5/5696)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the age-related outcome of peripheral thrombolysis and determine for which patient group this treatment is worthwhile. DESIGN AND METHODS: A combined retrospective and prospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing thrombolysis for acute lower-limb ischaemia was made with respect to age-related outcome and other risk factors. RESULTS: One hundred and two patients underwent thrombolysis for acute limb ischaemia. In the under 60 age group there was a 40% amputation rate. Seventy-three per cent of this group smoked. In the over 80 age group, the amputation rate was 15% and only 8% were smokers. CONCLUSION: Advancing age is not an adverse risk factor for thrombolysis which appears to be safe and effective in this patient group. There is a high incidence of smoking in the younger age group (< 60 years), in whom failed thrombolysis frequently leads to amputation. (+info)

Accumulation of N-acyl-ethanolamine phospholipids in rat brains during post-decapitative ischemia: a 31p NMR study. (6/5696)

Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy has been used to study accumulation of N-acyl-ethanolamine phospholipids in rat brains during post-decapitative ischemia. Lipids were extracted from rat brain homogenates and the extracts were thoroughly washed with aq. potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The lower organic phases were isolated and evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen and the lipids were redissolved in CDCl3-CH3OH-H2O 100.0:29.9:5.2 (v/v/v) for NMR analysis. Increasing the period of post-decapitative ischemia resulted in an accumulation of two signals in the NMR spectra at 0.18 and 0.22 ppm (relative to the chemical shift of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PCDIACYL) at -0.84 ppm). These signals were identified as originating from 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(N-acyl)-ethanolamine (NAPEDIACYL) and 1-(1'-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn -glycero-3-phospho-(N-acyl)-ethanolamine (NAPEPLAS), respectively, by spiking with authentic materials. Additionally, the identification was verified by thin-layer chromatography, which also showed the accumulation of N-acyl-ethanolamine phospholipids. The use of K-EDTA instead of the commonly used Cs-EDTA in the preparation of the NMR samples allowed the separation of the chemical shifts of N-acyl-ethanolamine phospholipids from those of the ethanolamine phospholipids. Moreover, the chemical shift of cardiolipin was moved from 0.15 ppm observed with Cs-EDTA to about 0.31 ppm with K-EDTA. The present study demonstrates that it is possible to detect and quantify post-decapitative accumulation of NAPE subclasses (NAPEDIACYL and NAPEPLAS) in rat brains by the use of 31P NMR spectroscopy. (+info)

Heart rate during exercise with leg vascular occlusion in spinal cord-injured humans. (7/5696)

Feed-forward and feedback mechanisms are both important for control of the heart rate response to muscular exercise, but their origin and relative importance remain inadequately understood. To evaluate whether humoral mechanisms are of importance, the heart rate response to electrically induced cycling was studied in participants with spinal cord injury (SCI) and compared with that elicited during volitional cycling in able-bodied persons (C). During voluntary exercise at an oxygen uptake of approximately 1 l/min, heart rate increased from 66 +/- 4 to 86 +/- 4 (SE) beats/min in seven C, and during electrically induced exercise at a similar oxygen uptake in SCI it increased from 73 +/- 3 to 110 +/- 8 beats/min. In contrast, blood pressure increased only in C (from 88 +/- 3 to 99 +/- 4 mmHg), confirming that, during exercise, blood pressure control is dominated by peripheral neural feedback mechanisms. With vascular occlusion of the legs, the exercise-induced increase in heart rate was reduced or even eliminated in the electrically stimulated SCI. For C, heart rate tended to be lower than during exercise with free circulation to the legs. Release of the cuff elevated heart rate only in SCI. These data suggest that humoral feedback is of importance for the heart rate response to exercise and especially so when influence from the central nervous system and peripheral neural feedback from the working muscles are impaired or eliminated during electrically induced exercise in individuals with SCI. (+info)

CT angiography and Doppler sonography for emergency assessment in acute basilar artery ischemia. (8/5696)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Both Doppler sonography (DS) and spiral CT angiography (CTA) are noninvasive vascular assessment tools with a high potential for application in acute cerebral ischemia. The usefulness of CTA for vascular diagnosis in acute basilar artery (BA) ischemia has not yet been studied. METHODS: We prospectively studied 19 patients (mean+/-SD age, 58+/-11 years) with clinically suspected acute BA occlusion by DS and CTA. Prior extracranial and transcranial DS was performed in all but 1 patient, with DS 4 hours after CTA. In 6 of 19 patients, we performed digital subtraction angiography. RESULTS: CTA was diagnostic in all but 1 patient. CTA revealed complete BA occlusion in 9 patients and incomplete BA occlusion with some residual flow in 2 patients. A patent BA was shown in 7 patients. Because of severe BA calcification, CTA results were inconclusive in 1 patient. DS was diagnostic in only 7 of 19 patients, indicating certain BA occlusion in 3 patients and BA patency in 4 patients. In an additional 9 patients, the results of DS were inconclusive. DS was false-negative in 2 patients with distal BA occlusion shown by CTA and digital subtraction angiography. In 1 patient with DS performed after CTA, recanalization was demonstrated. In addition to the diagnosis or exclusion of BA occlusion, CTA provided information on the exact site and length of BA occlusion and collateral pathways. In our series, CTA results prompted indication for intra-arterial thrombolysis in 5 patients. CONCLUSIONS: CTA was superior to DS in the assessment of BA patency in patients with the syndrome of acute BA ischemia in terms of feasibility and conclusiveness, particularly in cases with distal BA occlusion. Our study confirmed the usefulness of combined extracranial and transcranial DS in the diagnosis and exclusion of proximal BA occlusion. (+info)

Glomerular ischemia[edit]. High blood pressure in the long term can damage the endothelium, commonly known as the blood vessel ... with one theory identifying glomerular ischemia as the main contributor to HN and the other identifying glomerular hypertension ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_nephropathy

Ischemia[edit]. Main article: Ischemia. Ischemia, meaning insufficient blood flow to a tissue, can also result in hypoxia. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_

Limb ischemia[edit]. An arterial thrombus or embolus can also form in the limbs, which can lead to acute limb ischemia.[6] ... in a feline model of intestinal ischemia, four hours of ischemia resulted in less injury than three hours of ischemia followed ... Targeting ischemia/reperfusion injury[edit]. Main article: Reperfusion injury. With reperfusion comes ischemia/reperfusion (IR ... Ischaemia/infarction: if an arterial thrombus cannot be lysed by the body and it does not embolise, and if the thrombus is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombosis

Ischemia and infarction[edit]. Main article: Electrocardiography in myocardial infarction. Ischemia or non-ST elevation ... It is usually isoelectric, but may be depressed or elevated with myocardial infarction or ischemia. ST depression can also be ... Inverted T waves can be a sign of myocardial ischemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, high intracranial pressure, or metabolic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EKG

Limb ischemia[edit]. An arterial thrombus or embolus can also form in the limbs, which can lead to acute limb ischemia.[6] ... Ischaemia/infarction: if an arterial thrombus cannot be lysed by the body and it does not embolise, and if the thrombus is ... Creager, Mark A.; Kaufman, John A.; Conte, Michael S. (7 June 2012). "Acute Limb Ischemia". New England Journal of Medicine. ... This can be due to ischemia, thrombus, embolus (a lodged particle) or hemorrhage (a bleed). In thrombotic stroke, a thrombus ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_thrombosis

Critical limb ischemia[edit]. Prostanoids, including alprostadil, do not reduce the risk of limb amputation but may offer a ... "Prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1: CD006544. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006544.pub3. PMC ... slight improvement in rest-pain and leg ulcer healing in persons with critical limb ischemia.[11] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alprostadil

Ischemia. *Brain ischemia. *Ischaemic heart disease. *large intestine: Ischemic colitis. *small intestine: Mesenteric ischemia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anasarca

Ischemia. *Brain ischemia. *Ischaemic heart disease. *large intestine: Ischemic colitis. *small intestine: Mesenteric ischemia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_edema

It can occur in Reye's syndrome, severe hypothermia, early ischemia, encephalopathy, early stroke or hypoxia, cardiac arrest, ... This type of edema may result from trauma, tumors, focal inflammation, late stages of cerebral ischemia and hypertensive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_edema

Liepzig: Ischemia Verlagsgesellschaft.. *^ Puustinen A, Wikström M. (1991). "The heme groups of cytochrome o from Escherichia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haem

Mesenteric ischemia. *Embolus or thrombus of the superior mesenteric artery or the superior mesenteric vein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Intestine

Ischemia-repurfusion injuries of the appendicular musculoskeletal system. References[edit]. *^ Hooi JD; Kester AD; Stoffers HE ... Mesenteric ischemia. Surgical revascularization. Peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Angioplasty with/out Stenting Vascular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_surgeon

The most common cause of cortical blindness is ischemia (oxygen deprivation) to the occipital lobes caused by blockage to one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortical_blindness

cardioprotective in cardiac ischemia. *inhibition of neutrophil degranulation. *2-(1-Hexynyl)-N-methyladenosine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_receptor

March 1961). "Cerebral ischemia and infarction". Am Pract Dig Treat. 12: 147-54. PMID 13777430.. CS1 maint: Uses authors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_J._Lambertsen

Effects of ischemia and electroconvulsive shock on free fatty acid pool in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta 218:1-10, 1970 Bazan ... Implications in cerebral ischemia. Prog in Brain Res 96:247-257, 1993 Giusto NM, Bazan NG: Phosphatidic acid of retinal ... J Lipid Res 24:628-638, 1983 Aveldano MI, Bazan NG: Differential lipid deacylation during brain ischemia in a homeotherm and a ... Also, his laboratory found that the diacylglycerol accumulated in the brain during ischemia is derived from inositol lipids and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Bazan

Hollander, Judd (December 28, 2011). "Update on Cocaine Myocardial Ischemia". Casartelli, Alessandro; Dacome, Lisa; Tessari, ... especially when there is demand ischemia from uncontrolled tachycardia. Of the 1,744 total patients identified in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine_intoxication

Arterial ischemia (shortage of blood supply). *Infection. *Distal limited necrosis (death of parts of the penis) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalloplasty

Placental abnormalities such as placental ischemia.. Pathogenesis[edit]. Although much research into mechanism of pre-eclampsia ... including vasoconstriction and end-organ ischemia.[15] Implicit in this generalized endothelial dysfunction may be an imbalance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-eclampsia

Gainer, J (2008). "Trans-sodium crocetinate for treating hypoxia/ischemia". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 17 (6): ... transcrocetinate sodium might prove beneficial in the treatment of a variety of conditions associated with hypoxia and ischemia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocetin

This can cause mesenteric ischemia if severe enough. A common disorder of the bowel is diverticulitis. Diverticula are small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_system

... rare cases of myocardial ischemia have occurred.[5] They are thus not recommended for people with cardiovascular disease,[10] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraine

Various causes have been hypothesized including ischemia, epilepsy, migraine[118] and disturbance of cerebral venous blood flow ... 119] leading to ischemia of structures such as the hippocampus that are involved in memory.[120] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornu_ammonis

"ISCHEMIA". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2020-03-23. Liang, Cuiping (2019). "Influence of the Distribution of Fibrosis within an ... Katz, Monica Y. (2014). "Three-Dimensional Myocardial Scarring along Myofibers after Coronary Ischemia-Reperfusion Revealed by ... Radauceanu, Anca (2007). "Residual Stress Ischemia Is Associated with Blood Markers of Myocardial Structural Remodeling". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_scarring

Marie, Christine; Bralet, Anne-Marie; Bralet, Jean (1987). "Protective Action of 1,3-Butanediol in Cerebral Ischemia. A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E1502

Interferon-alpha can cause arrhythmia and myocardial infarction/ischemia. Mortality in HIV-infected patients with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV_associated_cardiomyopathy

Myocardial ischemia. Mayo Clinic (25 July 2015). Retrieved on 28 May 2016. Zvejniece, L; Svalbe, B; Makrecka, M; Liepinsh, E; ... These heart problems may sometimes lead to ischemia, a condition where too little blood flows to the organs in the body, ... "Meldonium cannot improve athletic performance, but it can stop tissue damage in the case of ischemia", the lack of blood flow ... It is primarily distributed in Eastern European countries as an anti-ischemia medication. Since 1 January 2016, it has been on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meldonium

25 February - Frank Holness, 82, basketball player; cerebral ischemia. 2 March - Telma Barria Pinzón, diplomat (consul of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_in_Panama

As a result, cerebral perfusion pressure (the pressure of blood flow in the brain) is reduced; ischemia results. When the ... Other factors in secondary injury are changes in the blood flow to the brain; ischemia (insufficient blood flow); cerebral ... Microdialysis allows ongoing sampling of extracellular fluid for analysis of metabolites that might indicate ischemia or brain ... and also ischemia-induced brain injury. In particular, it has been demonstrated through multiple studies to significantly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury

... retinal ischemia; and processes linked to rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep or phenomena generated on the border between sleep and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-death_studies

Myocardial ischemia reduces blood flow to the heart and may cause chest pain - but not always. Learn all the signs and symptoms ... Causes of myocardial ischemia. Causes of myocardial ischemia. Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle ( ... Myocardial ischemia, also called cardiac ischemia, reduces the heart muscles ability to pump blood. A sudden, severe blockage ... Coronary artery spasm is an uncommon cause of myocardial ischemia.. Chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia can be ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myocardial-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375417

There are two types of ischemia: focal ischemia, which is confined to a specific region of the brain; and global ischemia, ... "Two Flavors of Ischemia". Brain Ischemia 101. Emergency Medicine Cerebral Resuscitation Lab. Retrieved 2008-10-13. Miettinen, S ... The causes of brain ischemia vary from sickle cell anemia to congenital heart defects. Symptoms of brain ischemia can include ... "Brain Ischemia (Cerebral Ischemia)". Cure Hunter Incorporated. 2003. pp. Relationship Network. Retrieved 2008-11-11. "UpToDate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_ischemia

Coronary ischemia, myocardial ischemia, or cardiac ischemia, is a medical term for a reduced blood flow in the coronary ... Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of coronary ischemia. Coronary ischemia and coronary artery disease are ... may be performed to relieve coronary ischemia. A key symptom of coronary ischemia is chest pain or pressure, known as angina ... If coronary ischemia is suspected, a series of tests will be undertaken for confirmation. The most common tests used are an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_ischemia

Renal ischemia also known as nephric ischaemia, is the deficiency of blood in one or both kidneys or nephrons, usually due to ... "Renal ischemia". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 9 February 2017. v t e. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_ischemia

non-occlusive ischemia: 73% mortality.. In the case of prompt diagnosis and therapy, acute mesenteric ischemia can be ... Mesenteric ischemia "should be suspected when individuals, especially those at high risk for acute mesenteric ischemia, develop ... As the cause of the ischemia can be due to embolic or thrombotic occlusion of the mesenteric vessels or nonocclusive ischemia, ... This article is about ischemia of the small bowel. For ischemia of the large bowel, see ischemic colitis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenteric_ischemia

[A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).]

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/efo/terms?short_form=EFO_1001375

E.J. Chung, M.I. Roh, O.W. Kwon, H.J. Koh, Effects of macular ischemia on the outcome of intravitreal bevacizumab therapy for ... N.N. Osborne, R.J. Casson, J.P.M. Wood, G. Childlow, M. Graham, J. Melena, Retinal ischemia: mechanisms of damage and potential ... "Ischemia" implies a tissue damage derived from perfusion insufficiency, not just an inadequate blood supply. Mild thickening ... G.D. Sturrock, H.R. Mueller, Chronic ocular ischaemia. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 68(10), 716-723 (1984)Google Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-27410-7_2

Media in category "Ischemia". The following 9 files are in this category, out of 9 total. ... ischemia restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose ... MR-Angiography-of-Collateral-Arteries-in-a-Hind-Limb-Ischemia-Model-Comparison-between-Blood-Pool-pone.0016159.s003.ogv 9.9 s, ... MR-Angiography-of-Collateral-Arteries-in-a-Hind-Limb-Ischemia-Model-Comparison-between-Blood-Pool-pone.0016159.s004.ogv 14 s, ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ischemia

Szydlowska K, Tymianski M (2010) Calcium, ischemia and excitotoxicity. Cell Calcium 47:122-129CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar ... Flynn RW, Macwalter RS, Doney AS (2008) The cost of cerebral ischaemia. Neuropharmacology 55:250-256CrossRefPubMedGoogle ... Qu Y, Shi J, Tang Y, Zhao F, Li S, Meng J, Tang J, Lin X, Peng X, Mu D (2016) MLKL inhibition attenuates hypoxia-ischemia ... Necroptosis Brain ischemia Receptor interacting protein kinase 1/3 Mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) Necrosome ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-77495-4_8

Hepatic ischemia is a condition in which the liver does not get enough blood or oxygen. This causes injury to liver cells. ... Hepatic ischemia is a condition in which the liver does not get enough blood or oxygen. This causes injury to liver cells. ... Blood tests to check liver function (AST and ALT). These readings can be very high with ischemia. ... People generally recover if the illness causing hepatic ischemia can be treated. Death from liver failure due to hepatic ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000214.htm

Renal ischemia (nephric ischemia) Mesenteric ischemia Cerebral ischemia Cardiac ischemia In order to treat acute limb ischaemia ... Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) occurs when there is a sudden lack of blood flow to a limb. Acute limb ischaemia is caused by ... The New Latin term ischaemia as written, is a British version of the word ischemia, and stems from the Greek terms ischein to ... In the worst cases acute limb ischaemia progresses to critical limb ischaemia, and results in death or limb loss. Early ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_limb_ischaemia

Which classes of medications are most commonly associated with drug-induced colon ischemia, and what are their respective ... Pharmacologic Agents Strongly Associated With Colon Ischaemia. *Pharmacologic Agents Moderately Associated With Colon Ischaemia ... Pharmacologic Agents Strongly Associated With Colon Ischaemia. *Pharmacologic Agents Moderately Associated With Colon Ischaemia ... Background: Colon ischaemia is the most common ischaemic disorder of the gastrointestinal system, can affect any segment of the ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/906751

Mesenteric artery ischemia occurs when there is a narrowing or blockage of one or more of the three major arteries that supply ... Mesenteric artery ischemia occurs when there is a narrowing or blockage of one or more of the three major arteries that supply ... People with acute mesenteric ischemia often do poorly because parts of the intestine may die before surgery can be done. This ... Symptoms of sudden (acute) mesenteric artery ischemia due to a traveling blood clot include:. *Sudden severe abdominal pain or ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001156.htm

Mesenteric ischemia is a condition which refers to a low blood-flow state of one or more of the three arteries supplying the ... There are two forms of mesenteric ischemia: acute and chronic. Acute mesenteric ischemia generally causes sudden and severe ... Mesenteric ischemia is a condition which refers to a low blood-flow state of one or more of the three arteries supplying the ... Acute mesenteric ischemia, like strokes and heart attacks, is caused when one of the arteries is blocked by an embolism (blood ...

https://everything2.com/title/Mesenteric+ischemia

... and nonocclusive ischemia.1 Nonocclusive ischemia occurs with splanchnic vasoconstriction, which can be caused by hypovolemia, ... Missed mesenteric ischemia is considered to have a mortality rate of 100%.2 The overall operative mortality rate is roughly 50% ... Acute mesenteric ischemia is caused by arterial insufficiency or venous obstruction. *The diagnosis is made most reliably with ... Acute mesenteric ischemia is caused by arterial insufficiency or venous obstruction. About half of all cases of acute ...

https://www.cmaj.ca/content/188/11/820

Ischemia is a serious problem where some part of your body, like your heart or brain, isnt getting enough blood. Learn what ... Some people have silent ischemia in the heart or brain. This is when you have ischemia, but no pain or any other signs or ... Mayo Clinic: "Myocardial Ischemia," "Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)," "Intestinal Ischemia," "Stroke," "Stress Management." ... You may hear it called ischemic heart disease, myocardial ischemia, or cardiac ischemia. ...

https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/what-is-ischemia

... Guest Editors: Ahmet Eroglu, Engin Erturk, Can Ince, and Martin Westphal *Ischemia- ... Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Volatile Anesthetics, Engin Erturk Review Article (7 pages), Article ID 526301, Volume 2014 ( ... The Effect of Intravenous Anesthetics on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Ahmet Eroglu Review Article (7 pages), Article ID 821513 ... The Effects of Spinal, Inhalation, and Total Intravenous Anesthetic Techniques on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Arthroscopic ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/si/842383/

For treating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is a novel means and can promote angiogenesis ... Research Explores Use of Salvianolate for Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injuries. Previous research has shown that ... Tau Protein Phosphorylation in Rats Subjected to Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Hyperphosphorylation of the microtu-bule- ... For treating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is a novel means and can promote angiogenesis ...

http://www.medindia.net/news/treating-cerebral-ischemia-133835-1.htm

Mean (+/- SD) duration of radial artery ischemia was 3 +/- 2 days. Injuries were associated with advanced (grade IIb) ischemia ... Hand ischemia after radial artery cannulation.. Valentine RJ1, Modrall JG, Clagett GP. ... Hand ischemia is a rare but potentially devastating complication of radial artery cannulation for arterial monitoring. The ... These data show that hand ischemia after radial artery cannulation is associated with high risk of tissue loss or amputation. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15978439?dopt=Abstract

Experimental antileukocyte interventions in cerebral ischemia.. Härtl R1, Schürer L, Schmid-Schönbein GW, del Zoppo GJ. ... The role of WBCs has been investigated in a great variety of global and focal cerebral ischemia models with and without ... could also act as mediators of secondary brain damage in the setting of focal and global cerebral ischemia with and without ... and the power of evidence they provide for identification of WBCs as important factors in cerebral ischemia. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8898682

In order to recognize abnormalities that suggest ischemia or infarction, it is imp ... is an important test used in the clinical evaluation of patients with suspected or known myocardial ischemia or myocardial ... ECG tutorial: Myocardial ischemia and infarction. Author. Jordan M Prutkin, MD, MHS, FHRS. Jordan M Prutkin, MD, MHS, FHRS ... Electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia and infarction. *Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Q waves on the ...

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ecg-tutorial-myocardial-ischemia-and-infarction

Inferior ischemia is a condition that affects the inferior myocardial wall, which is caused by the occlusion of the coronary ... Also called myocardial ischemia or cardiac ischemia, inferior ischemia can lead to serious unusual heart rhythms in patients, ... Inferior ischemia is a condition that affects the inferior myocardial wall, which is caused by the occlusion of the coronary ...

https://www.reference.com/world-view/inferior-ischemia-4664cca3db9fdc7a

Colon ischemia (ischemic colitis). This most common type of intestinal ischemia occurs when blood flow to the colon is slowed. ... Acute mesenteric ischemia. This type of intestinal ischemia usually affects the small intestine. It has an abrupt onset and may ... Chronic mesenteric ischemia. Chronic mesenteric ischemia, also known as intestinal angina, results from the buildup of fatty ... You may hear this type of acute mesenteric ischemia referred to as nonocclusive ischemia, which means that its not due to a ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/basics/risk-factors/CON-20023818?p=1

The occurrence of myocardial ischemia can be detected by monitoring changes in an electrical signal such as an ECG or EGM, and ... both the electrical and dynamic mechanical activity of the heart to detect and verify the occurrence of myocardial ischemia in ... pressure sensor with changes in the ST electrogram segment detected by the electrodes to increase the reliability of ischemia ... Techniques for detection and treatment of myocardial ischemia are described that monitor ...

http://www.google.com.au/patents/US7181268

Acute intestinal ischaemia.. BMJ 1990; 301 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.301.6764.1334-b (Published 08 December 1990) Cite ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/301/6764/1334.2

Amputations for ischaemia.. Br Med J 1969; 1 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.5636.69 (Published 11 January 1969) Cite this ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/1/5636/69

The ISCHEMIA investigator discusses the implications of the gasp-inducing trial comparing an invasive vs conservative medical ... John A. Spertus, MD: First of all, ISCHEMIA questioned and challenged current practice in many parts of the United States and ... Unrelated to ISCHEMIA, he serves as an advisor to Novartis, Bayer, Janssen, Amgen, AstraZeneca, United Healthcare, and Merck. ... It really opens up a new era of shared decision-making, and ISCHEMIA is providing very comforting evidence that we have time to ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/921135

... reduced the incidence and duration of ischemia by more than 50%. Ischemia is inadequate blood flow. The drug also did not ...

https://www.marketwatch.com/story/nuvelo-phase-ii-anticoagulant-shown-to-reduce-ischemia

... Takashi Sakamoto,1,2 Toshiyuki Suganuma,2 Shinichiro Okada,2 ... J. L. Bobadilla, "Mesenteric ischemia," Surgical Clinics of North America, vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 925-940, 2013. View at Publisher ... J. S. Michael, "Acute mesenteric ischemia," Surgical Clinics of North America, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 165-181, 2014. View at ... L. J. Brandt and S. J. Boley, "AGA technical review on intestinal ischemia," Gastroenterology, vol. 118, no. 5, pp. 954-968, ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cris/2014/821832/ref/

Treatments and Tools for ischemia. Find ischemia information, treatments for ischemia and ischemia symptoms. ... ischemia - MedHelps ischemia Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, ... Hi; I am post Hemi-RVO,& have developed a small area of Peripheral Ischemia. I was given ... ... My ECG revealed lateral ischemia. I dont have health insurance anymore and therefore have... ...

https://www.medhelp.org/tags/show/4090/ischemia

When a limb is ischemic in the non-acute (chronic) setting, the condition is alternatively called peripheral artery disease or critical limb ischemia, rather than ALI. (wikipedia.org)
Doctors call this "critical limb ischemia. (webmd.com)
In patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) and foot ulcers wound healing is an important goal which can normally only be achieved after sufficient treatment of the underlying ischemia (revascularization either by an operation, e. g. bypass, or a catheter intervention). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Endovascular therapy has overtaken surgical revascularization for the treatment of critical limb ischemia -- with implications for outcomes, a study found. (medpagetoday.com)
While the annual rate of critical limb ischemia admissions remained constant between 2003 and 2011, the proportion getting endovascular treatments during those hospitalizations rose from 5.1% in 2003 to 11.0% in 2011. (medpagetoday.com)
The data came from 642,433 U.S. admissions in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample with administrative codes indicating critical limb ischemia, projected to represent nearly 3 million admissions for the condition nationally, from 2003 through 2011. (medpagetoday.com)
In this issue of Circulation , Powell et al 17 report on the safety and bioactivity profile of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plasmid injection for critical limb ischemia (CLI). (ahajournals.org)
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a severe blockage in the arteries of the lower extremities, which markedly reduces blood-flow. (ucdavis.edu)
The most prominent features of critical limb ischemia (CLI) are called ischemic rest pain - severe pain in the legs and feet while a person is not moving, or non-healing sores on the feet or legs. (ucdavis.edu)
Critical limb ischemia is a serious condition that requires immediate treatment to re-establish blood-flow to the affected area. (ucdavis.edu)
legs (critical limb ischemia - a form of peripheral artery disease ), and intestines (acute mesenteric ischemia or bowel ischemia). (emedicinehealth.com)
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) or placebo in patients with moderate to high-risk Critical Limb Ischemia (a condition in which there is poor blood circulation in the leg). (bioportfolio.com)
The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether intramuscular injections of VM202 into the calf is safe and effective in the treatment of critical limb ischemia. (bioportfolio.com)
The purpose of this study is to determine the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of intramuscular injections of VM202 for subjects with critical limb ischemia. (bioportfolio.com)
This is an Expanded Access program (EAP), sponsored by WideTrial for the treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI). (bioportfolio.com)
Endovascular first strategy for critical limb ischemia is widely accepted, because of the increasing patency rates and minimal invasive character, especially in elderly patients. (bioportfolio.com)
Treatment of Nonreconstructable Critical Limb Ischemia With Ischemic Wounds Utilizing a Noninvasive Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Device Monitored With Fluorescence Angiography. (bioportfolio.com)
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a leading cause of lower extremity amputation. (bioportfolio.com)
Emergency Department Utilization after Lower Extremity Bypass for Critical Limb Ischemia. (bioportfolio.com)
Patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) utilize hospital resources at high rates. (bioportfolio.com)
Utility of indigo carmine angiography in patients with critical limb ischemia: Prospective multi-center intervention study (DIESEL-study). (bioportfolio.com)
To assess the efficacy of indigo carmine angiography for wound healing after successful below-the-knee intervention in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). (bioportfolio.com)
Acute limb ischemia (ALI), a subclass of critical limb ischemia, is a medical emergency. (bioportfolio.com)
In diabetic patients with below-the-knee critical limb ischemia, use of a drug-eluting balloon (DEB) for angioplasty lead to markedly lower restenosis rates at 1 year compared to conventional angioplasty with uncoated balloons. (endocrineweb.com)
The main results from this study, which were published in the June issue of Diabetes Care, showed a low 4-year cardiac mortality rate in this high-risk population from Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy, with no significant impact of critical limb ischemia [on mortality]. (endocrineweb.com)
INDIANAPOLIS--( BUSINESS WIRE )--Cook Regentec today announced enrollment of the first patient in an international clinical trial evaluating the HemaTrate ® Blood Filtration System to treat patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) due to peripheral arterial disease (PAD). (businesswire.com)
Critical limb ischemia is the final stage of peripheral arterial disease and is associated with major morbidity and mortality despite current medical and surgical treatment," noted Professor Bijan Modarai, the study's principal investigator, who treated the first enrolled patient at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, King's Health Partners, in London, UK. (businesswire.com)

In addition to limb ischemia, other organs can become ischemic, causing: Renal ischemia (nephric ischemia) Mesenteric ischemia Cerebral ischemia Cardiac ischemia In order to treat acute limb ischaemia there are a series of things that can be done to determine where the occlusion is located, the severity, and what the cause was. (wikipedia.org)
Risk factors for chronic limb ischemia are the same as those for atherosclerosis, hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to the build up of fatty deposits, called plaque. (ucdavis.edu)
Computed tomography angiography evaluation of acute limb ischemia. (bioportfolio.com)

Some people who have myocardial ischemia don't have any signs or symptoms (silent ischemia). (mayoclinic.org)
Some people have silent ischemia in the heart or brain . (webmd.com)
What is the definition of silent ischemia? (webmd.com)
Silent ischemia is a condition in which an inadequate supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart does not cause symptoms such as chest pain. (webmd.com)
This is called silent ischemia. (clevelandclinic.org)
Ischemia in the heart and brain often causes no symptoms, and is sometimes referred to as "silent ischemia," and the first sign may be an unexpected heart attack or stroke . (emedicinehealth.com)
RESULTS -A total of 113 patients (22%) had silent ischemia, including 83 with regional myocardial perfusion abnormalities and 30 with normal perfusion but other abnormalities (i.e., adenosine-induced ST-segment depression, ventricular dilation, or rest ventricular dysfunction). (diabetesjournals.org)
Selecting only patients who met American Diabetes Association guidelines would have failed to identify 41% of patients with silent ischemia. (diabetesjournals.org)

In medicine, bowel ischemia, also called intestinal ischemia, is a restriction in blood supply to tissues in the bowels. (wikipedia.org)
Intestinal ischemia (is-KEE-me-uh) describes a variety of conditions that occur when blood flow to your intestines decreases due to a blockage, usually in an artery. (mayoclinic.org)
Intestinal ischemia can affect your small intestine, your large intestine (colon) or both. (mayoclinic.org)
Intestinal ischemia is a serious condition that can cause pain and make it difficult for your intestines to work. (mayoclinic.org)
Treatments are available for intestinal ischemia. (mayoclinic.org)
Signs and symptoms of intestinal ischemia can develop suddenly (acute) or gradually (chronic). (mayoclinic.org)
The condition presents differently in different people, so no one set of signs and symptoms indicates intestinal ischemia, but there are some generally recognized patterns. (mayoclinic.org)
Intestinal ischemia occurs when the blood flow through the major arteries that supply blood to your intestines slows or stops. (mayoclinic.org)
If untreated, intestinal ischemia can be fatal. (mayoclinic.org)
This most common type of intestinal ischemia occurs when blood flow to the colon is slowed. (mayoclinic.org)
This type of intestinal ischemia usually affects the small intestine. (mayoclinic.org)
This type of sudden ischemia tends to occur in people with chronic intestinal ischemia. (mayoclinic.org)
Acute intestinal ischaemia. (bmj.com)
Welch M . Acute intestinal ischaemia. (bmj.com)
Chronic mesenteric ischemia, also referred to as intestinal ischemia occurs when plaque builds up in the major arteries that supply blood to the small intestine or small bowel. (upmc.com)
Surgery isn't always necessary if intestinal ischemia progresses slowly. (healthline.com)
Carnosol pretreatment attenuates liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion. (greenmedinfo.com)
Curcumin treatment attenuates liver lesions induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. (greenmedinfo.com)
Effects of palmitoylethanolamide on intestinal injury and inflammation caused by ischemia-reperfusion in mice. (greenmedinfo.com)
Ginsenoside Rg1 could exert its therapeutic effects on intestinal intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. (greenmedinfo.com)
Nigella Sativa treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. (greenmedinfo.com)

Renal surgery and coronary artery bypass grafting can produce renal ischemia and reperfusion injury. (wikipedia.org)
Salvianolate increases heat shock protein expression in a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model. (eurekalert.org)
The effects of CHD are usually attributable to the detrimental effects of acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). (jci.org)
Moreover, forced overexpression of Mb confers production from ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver ( 14 ). (pnas.org)
The goal of this review is to summarize the role of the proteasome and pharmacological compounds that regulate the proteasome in protecting the organs from the ischemia-reperfusion injury. (mdpi.com)
Shikonin attenuated hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy. (greenmedinfo.com)
Quercetin application attenuated mucosal damage from ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration. (greenmedinfo.com)
More importantly, impaired UPS performance plays a major role in cardiac pathogenesis, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but the molecular basis of UPS impairment remains poorly understood. (jci.org)
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury - Pipeline Review, H2 2015 Summary Global Markets Direct s, Ischemia Reperfusion Injury - Pipeline Review, H2 2015, provides an overview of the Ischemia Reperfusion Injurys therapeutic pipeline. (mynewsdesk.com)
This report provides comprehensive information on the therapeutic development for Ischemia Reperfusion Injury, complete with comparative analysis at various stages, therapeutics assessment by drug target, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA) and molecule type, along with latest updates, and featured news and press releases. (mynewsdesk.com)
It also reviews key players involved in the therapeutic development for Ischemia Reperfusion Injury and special features on late-stage and discontinued projects. (mynewsdesk.com)
A new study, presented today at the American Association for Thoracic Surgery's 99th Annual Meeting, shows that a potential treatment for ischemia- reperfusion injury is safe for humans. (medicalxpress.com)

The clot might block an artery and lead to sudden, severe myocardial ischemia, resulting in a heart attack. (mayoclinic.org)
The symptoms of brain ischemia range from mild to severe. (wikipedia.org)
Similar to cerebral hypoxia, severe or prolonged brain ischemia will result in unconsciousness, brain damage or death, mediated by the ischemic cascade. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Other pathological events that may result in brain ischemia include cardiorespiratory arrest, stroke, and severe irreversible brain damage. (wikipedia.org)
Acute mesenteric ischemia generally causes sudden and severe abdominal pain , often associated with vomiting and diarrhea . (everything2.com)
In the light of currently available data, it seems likely that WBCs contribute to secondary brain damage in the scenario of experimental transient focal cerebral ischemia, if the insult is not too severe. (nih.gov)
Global ischemia is often the result of cardiac arrest, and if left untreated for too long, may result in severe brain damage, explains the Columbia University Medical Center. (reference.com)
In severe cases, brain ischemia may result in irreversible brain damage, stroke or cardiac arrest. (reference.com)
Acute ischemia has severe symptoms. (healthline.com)
Severe head trauma can also result in ischemia by rupturing or crushing vessels to prevent blood from reaching some areas of the brain. (wisegeek.com)
Before, during, and after this period of severe ischemia, studies of the perfor- mance of the myocardium at risk can be carried out. (springer.com)
Other projects study the interventions that may protect cardiac muscle and vascular endothelium from severe damage in ischemia / reperfusion and may thus improve the chances for recovery upon successful intervention. (uni-giessen.de)
Here, we report that transient cerebral ischemia caused severe protein aggregation in hippocampal CA1 neurons. (jneurosci.org)
In the double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating, multicenter HGF-STAT Trial, 104 patients with rest pain or tissue loss due to severe lower-extremity ischemia were assigned to receive injections of placebo or 1 of 3 dosing regimens of HGF plasmid into the ischemic leg muscle. (ahajournals.org)
Ischemia in the small intestine interferes with digestion and can cause severe abdominal pain. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The aim of the study is in a phase I safety study to evaluate the clinical effect of autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy in patients with severe chronic myocardial ischemia.10 patients with reversible ischemia on a SPECT will be treated with direct intramyocardial injections of autologous isolated and expanded mesenchymal stem cells.Clinical and objective evaluations will be performed at baseline and during 24 months follow-up. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Interestingly, venous ischemia caused greater injury than arterial ischemia, and total ischemia was associated with the most severe form of injury. (eurekalert.org)

Myocardial ischemia, also called cardiac ischemia, reduces the heart muscle's ability to pump blood. (mayoclinic.org)
You may hear it called ischemic heart disease , myocardial ischemia, or cardiac ischemia. (webmd.com)
Also called myocardial ischemia or cardiac ischemia, inferior ischemia can lead to serious unusual heart rhythms in patients, as stated by the Mayo Clinic. (reference.com)
To determine whether episodes of hypoglycemia were more likely to be associated with cardiac ischemia than normoglycemia or hyperglycemia, we carried out a study in 21 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes treated with insulin who had good glycemic control. (diabetesjournals.org)
Patients also recorded symptoms of cardiac ischemia (chest pain) and symptoms of hypoglycemia. (diabetesjournals.org)
CONCLUSIONS -Hypoglycemia is more likely to be associated with cardiac ischemia and symptoms than normoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and it is particularly common in patients who experience considerable swings in blood glucose. (diabetesjournals.org)
Although the literature is replete with anecdotal cases of hypoglycemia-triggered cardiac events, it has previously been difficult to document an association between hypoglycemia and cardiac ischemia in humans ( 7 , 8 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
With the availability of a continuous glucose sensor, combined with continuous ECG monitoring, new technologies make it possible to examine relationships between hypoglycemia and cardiac ischemia ( 12 , 13 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Cardiac ischemia also called (ischemic heart disease and myocardial ischemia) is decreased blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle. (emedicinehealth.com)

Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium) is obstructed by a partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery by a buildup of plaques (atherosclerosis). (mayoclinic.org)
citation needed] Blockage of arteries due to plaque buildup may also result in ischemia. (wikipedia.org)
Mesenteric artery ischemia occurs when there is a narrowing or blockage of one or more of the three major arteries that supply the small and large intestines. (medlineplus.gov)
You usually get ischemia because of a build-up or blockage in your arteries. (webmd.com)
Ischemia can also be described as an inadequate flow of blood to a part of the body, caused by constriction or blockage of the blood vessels supplying it. (wikidoc.org)

Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen. (mayoclinic.org)
Myocardial ischemia occurs when the blood flow through one or more of your coronary arteries is decreased. (mayoclinic.org)
Mesenteric ischemia is a medical condition in which injury to the small intestine occurs due to not enough blood supply. (wikipedia.org)
Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) occurs when there is a sudden lack of blood flow to a limb. (wikipedia.org)
Mortality rates climb significantly if peritonitis occurs due to ischemia. (everything2.com)
1 Nonocclusive ischemia occurs with splanchnic vasoconstriction, which can be caused by hypovolemia, hypotension, decreased cardiac output and exogenous vasopressors. (cmaj.ca)
Cerebral or brain ischemia occurs when there is not enough blood flow to the brain. (reference.com)
Focal ischemia is isolated to a particular region of the brain and occurs when a brain vessel is blocked by the formation of a blood clot. (reference.com)
Global ischemia covers wide portions of the brain and occurs when blood flow to the brain is severely reduced or stopped. (reference.com)
The goal of chronic mesenteric ischemia treatment is to restore blood flow to your intestines before damage occurs. (upmc.com)
Mesenteric ischemia occurs when any of the mesenteric arteries, which supply blood to the intestines, are constricted. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
CONCLUSIONS -Silent myocardial ischemia occurs in greater than one in five asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
There is ample evidence to suggest that apoptosis, in addition to coagulation necrosis, contributes to the neuronal cell death that occurs after brain ischemia 6 . (nature.com)
Mesenteric ischemia occurs when the veins or arteries that supply blood to the intestine are obstructed. (eurekalert.org)

Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of myocardial ischemia. (mayoclinic.org)
One of the main causes of ischemia is atherosclerosis . (webmd.com)
Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) causes chronic mesenteric ischemia. (upmc.com)
Atherosclerosis is usually the cause of chronic ischemia. (healthline.com)
The relationship of exercise ECG myocardial ischemia to the presence of carotid atherosclerosis and to carotid and left ventricular structure and function was examined in a population of 204 asymptomatic subjects free of clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. (ahajournals.org)
Although the subjects in our study were on average 15 to 20 years younger than the subjects examined by Nagai et al, 1 the findings from the 2 studies are remarkably similar with respect to the associations between ECG evidence of ischemia and carotid atherosclerosis, thus extending these observations to nearly the entire adult life span. (ahajournals.org)
4 Together with the increased cardiac morbidity and mortality associated with abnormal HR-adjusted ST-segment depression indexes, 5 these findings suggest that asymptomatic individuals with carotid thickening due to atherosclerosis or hypertrophy and exercise-induced ischemia may be at a substantially increased risk of future coronary events. (ahajournals.org)
Despite progressive insights into the pathologies underlying coronary, cerebral, and peripheral artery atherosclerosis, these conditions continue to cause critical tissue ischemia and disability on an epidemic scale. (ahajournals.org)
A primary cause of ischemia is atherosclerosis ( hardening of the arteries ). (emedicinehealth.com)

Due in part to the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's emphasis on promoting research on rapid detection of the symptoms of acute myocardial ischemia, various types of biosensor designs, including ion-selective optical fibers, wave-guides, nanoparticle fluorescence sensors and ion-selective electrodes, have been used to detect potassium and hydrogen in the blood stream. (medgadget.com)
Acute occlusion of the coronary artery in the STEMI patient subjects the myocardium supplied by that vessel to acute myocardial ischemia, thereby demarcating the area at risk (AAR) of potential MI, should the acute coronary occlusion be sustained or permanent. (jci.org)

Other effects that may result from brain ischemia are stroke, cardiorespiratory arrest, and irreversible brain damage. (wikipedia.org)
What is ischemia stroke? (patientslikeme.com)
Data from patients with ischemia stroke, who reported starting treatments within the last 5 years. (patientslikeme.com)
There are two major mechanisms causing brain damage in stroke patients: Hemorrhage and Ischemia which represents about 70% to 80% of all strokes' cases. (scirp.org)
Ischemia in brain tissue, for example due to stroke or head injury , causes a process called the ischemic cascade to be unleashed, in which proteolytic enzymes , reactive oxygen species , and other harmful chemicals damage and may ultimately kill brain tissue. (wikidoc.org)
Innate immune signaling is important in the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion (stroke) induced injury and recovery. (jneurosci.org)
Innate immune responses are critical in stroke pathophysiology, and microglia are key cellular effectors in the CNS response to ischemia/reperfusion. (jneurosci.org)
These findings present strong evidence that Fas ligand/receptor pathway promotes cell death following brain ischemia and inhibition of Fas ligand/receptor interaction may provide significant neuroprotection affording a new treatment modality in ischemic stroke injury. (nature.com)

Bowel ischemia produces abdominal pain, which can be extreme. (wikipedia.org)
Signs and symptoms of colon ischemia include rectal bleeding and the sudden onset of mild, crampy abdominal pain. (mayoclinic.org)

Together, our results demonstrate that sex affects renal IRI tolerance in mice and humans and indicate that estrogen administration has potential as a therapeutic intervention to clinically improve ischemia tolerance. (jci.org)
Recent technological advances in neuroimaging offer important insights into acute ischemia, yet numerous questions abound and evidence to support innovative therapeutic interventions is lacking. (lovereading.co.uk)
Diagnostic strategies may identify larger populations for acute treatment, tailor therapeutic approaches to specific individuals, delineate novel therapeutic targets, and enhance management of each patient at successive stages of ischemia. (lovereading.co.uk)
All of these topics on diagnostic strategies are considered with respect to the ultimate objective of broadening current therapeutic strategies for ischemia. (lovereading.co.uk)
Boston, MA -- ( SBWIRE ) -- 08/14/2013 -- Global Markets Direct's, 'Ischemia - Pipeline Review, H2 2013', provides an overview of the indication's therapeutic pipeline. (sbwire.com)
This report provides information on the therapeutic development for Ischemia, complete with latest updates, and special features on late-stage and discontinued projects. (sbwire.com)
It also reviews key players involved in the therapeutic development for Ischemia. (sbwire.com)
A snapshot of the global therapeutic scenario for Ischemia. (sbwire.com)
We believe this new template may be important because it's showing different mechanisms of action-different ways to interact with neurons, possibly with a good therapeutic effect for such diseases as epilepsy, hypoxia-ischemia and several neurodegenerative disorders," said Alban Pereira, a postdoctoral researcher in Scripps' CMBB. (acronymfinder.com)

Coronary artery spasm is an uncommon cause of myocardial ischemia. (mayoclinic.org)
Inferior ischemia is a condition that affects the inferior myocardial wall, which is caused by the occlusion of the coronary artery. (reference.com)
It is likely that in previous trials dealing with patients with non-acute coronary artery disease, a sizable proportion of patients without ischemia has been included," perhaps diluting the effect of reversing ischemia with PCI, he noted. (medpagetoday.com)
When the catheter is placed in a coronary artery obstruction, inflation of the balloon produces transient myocardial ischemia. (springer.com)
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -In the Detection of Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetics (DIAD) study, 1,123 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 50-75 years, with no known or suspected coronary artery disease, were randomly assigned to either stress testing and 5-year clinical follow-up or to follow-up only. (diabetesjournals.org)

Myocardial ischemia can develop slowly as arteries become blocked over time. (mayoclinic.org)
Ischemia within the arteries branching from the internal carotid artery may result in symptoms such as blindness in one eye, weakness in one arm or leg, or weakness in one entire side of the body. (wikipedia.org)
Ischemia within the arteries branching from the vertebral arteries in the back of the brain may result in symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, double vision, or weakness on both sides of the body[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
Individuals with sickle cell anemia, compressed blood vessels, ventricular tachycardia, plaque buildup in the arteries, blood clots, extremely low blood pressure as a result of heart attack, and congenital heart defects have a higher predisposition to brain ischemia in comparison their healthy counterparts.Sickle cell anemia may cause brain ischemia associated with the irregularly shaped blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Compression of blood vessels may also lead to brain ischemia, by blocking the arteries that carry oxygen to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
A Doppler evaluation is used to show the extent and severity of the ischaemia by showing flow in smaller arteries. (wikipedia.org)
Mesenteric ischemia is a condition which refers to a low blood-flow state of one or more of the three arteries supplying the digestive tract . (everything2.com)
Acute mesenteric ischemia, like strokes and heart attacks , is caused when one of the arteries is blocked by an embolism (blood clot), or thromboses . (everything2.com)
Chronic mesenteric ischemia is a condition in which plaque builds up in the major arteries - including the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries - that supply blood to the small intestine or small bowel. (upmc.com)
High cholesterol contributes to the ischemia because it causes plaque to line your arteries. (healthline.com)

Kidney ischemia can be diagnosed by checking the levels of several biomarkers such as clusterin and cystatin C. While the duration of ischemia was used as a biomarker, it was found that it has significant flaws in predicting renal function outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, renal ischemia can cause the delay of graft function after renal transplant and can cause rejection of the transplant. (wikipedia.org)
In studies of mice models, a high-fat diet can induce greater injury to the kidney with renal ischemia-reperfusion as compared to mice with normal diet. (wikipedia.org)
however, DAXX mediates both Fas-dependent and TGF-beta-induced apoptosis and renal induction of TGF-beta is well documented in renal ischemia studies. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we show that acute exposure to bright blue spectrum light reduces organ injury by comparison with bright red spectrum or ambient white fluorescent light in two murine models of sterile insult: warm liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and unilateral renal I/R. Exposure to bright blue light before I/R reduced hepatocellular injury and necrosis and reduced acute kidney injury and necrosis. (pnas.org)
Here, we developed a series of murine renal ischemia and transplant models to investigate sex-specific effects on recovery after IRI. (jci.org)
Likewise, renal IRI was exacerbated in female estrogen receptor α-KO mice, while female mice receiving supplemental estrogen before ischemia were protected. (jci.org)
Is the Subject Area "Renal ischemia" applicable to this article? (plos.org)

Physical stress such as infarction, surgery and transplant may produce kidney ischemia. (wikipedia.org)
Risk factors for acute mesenteric ischemia include atrial fibrillation , heart failure , chronic kidney failure , being prone to forming blood clots , and previous myocardial infarction . (wikipedia.org)
Tissue death from lack of blood flow (infarction) in the intestines is the most serious complication of mesenteric artery ischemia. (medlineplus.gov)
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important test used in the clinical evaluation of patients with suspected or known myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction (MI). (uptodate.com)
In order to recognize abnormalities that suggest ischemia or infarction, it is important to understand the components of a normal ECG. (uptodate.com)
Mesenteric ischemia is a disease seen predominantly in the elderly that can be associated with considerable mortality if not detected before bowel infarction. (appliedradiology.com)
12,13 Ultimately, as bowel ischemia progresses to infarction, the conventional signs of reactive edema become progressively more apparent regardless of whether venous or arterial occlusion is the culprit (Figure 5). (appliedradiology.com)

An apparatus and method for detecting myocardial ischemia in a subject monitors the systemic vascular resistance of the subject and detects the presence of myocardial ischemia when the systemic vascular resistance increases by at least sixty percent over a base line value. (google.es)

You can also get ischemia because of a blood clot . (webmd.com)

Possible causes of kidney ischemia include the activation of IL-17C and hypoxia due to surgery or transplant. (wikipedia.org)
Neuroglobin (Ngb), a protein related to myoglobin and hemoglobin but expressed predominantly in the brain, is induced by neuronal hypoxia and cerebral ischemia and protects against hypoxic or ischemic neuronal injury. (pnas.org)
00 Hardcover RC388 Twenty-eight international academics, researchers, and practitioners contribute nine chapters on recent and significant research on brain hypoxia-ischemia . (acronymfinder.com)
Effects of the 21-amino steroid tirilazad mesylate (U-74006F) on brain damage and edema after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia in the rat. (acronymfinder.com)
Rather than in hypoxia , a more general term denoting a shortage of oxygen (usually a result of lack of oxygen in the air being breathed), ischemia is an absolute or relative shortage of the blood supply to an organ. (wikidoc.org)
This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of the complex kinase mTORC1 focusing in upstream and downstream pathways, their role in central nervous system and their relationship with autophagy, apoptosis and neuroprotection/neurodegeneration after ischemia/hypoxia. (frontiersin.org)
We will revise their connexion of mTORC1 with autophagy, apoptosis and neuroprotection/neurodegeneration, mostly focused on ischemia/hypoxia. (frontiersin.org)

To review comprehensively the literature regarding the pharmacological aetiologies of colonic ischaemia to enhance the understanding of the various mechanisms of disease, presentations, distribution, and outcomes. (medscape.com)
In this study, six ginsenosides, namely ginsenoside Rb1, Rh2, Rg3, Rg5 as diol-type ginseng saponins, and Rg1 and Re as triol-type ginseng saponins, which were reported to be effective for ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) treatment, were chosen to compare their protective effects on cerebral I/R injury, and their mechanisms were studied by in vitro and in vivo experiments. (mdpi.com)
We have also elucidated several novel ischemia/reperfusion-induced microglial signaling mechanisms. (jneurosci.org)
Intense efforts are being undertaken to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms triggered after brain ischemia and to develop effective pharmacological treatments. (frontiersin.org)

In contrast, patients with an acute thromboembolism are more likely to develop bowel ischemia, since they have not developed collaterals. (appliedradiology.com)
Because of venous congestion, bowel ischemia is more likely to demonstrate bowel-wall thickening, mucosal hyper-enhancement, and mesenteric edema, which can be either hypo- or hyperdense depending on whether edema or hemorrhage is prevalent. (appliedradiology.com)
8 Conversely, bowel ischemia resulting from arterial thromboembolism is actually associated with bowel-wall thinning and no mucosal enhancement in the early stages. (appliedradiology.com)

However, with prompt diagnosis and treatment, acute mesenteric ischemia can be treated successfully. (medlineplus.gov)
Chronic mesenteric ischemia has a more indolent course and sysmptoms can drag on for months or years before a correct diagnosis is made. (everything2.com)
Often, the definitive diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia cannot be made clinically because of its nonspecific presentation and variable findings on physical examination. (cmaj.ca)
It not only teaches and expertly reviews the diagnosis of cerebral ischemia, it also inspires readers to become independent thinkers. (lovereading.co.uk)
The constellation of these findings on CT imaging yields high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. (appliedradiology.com)
Based on physical signs, a presumptive diagnosis of optic nerve ischemia was made. (chiro.org)
The main goal of this article is to update etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of the various causes of mesenteric ischemia in order to elucidate its labyrinthine clinical riddle, by reviewing the current English medical literature. (go.jp)

We hypothesize that digital gangrene results from distal embolization from the site of the initial arterial thrombosis, producing ischemia that is not remediated by radial artery revascularization. (nih.gov)
Note that patients without hemodynamic ischemia by FFR who were followed on optimal medical therapy had a revascularization rate similar to the stented patients in the randomized part of the trial. (medpagetoday.com)
PARIS -- For patients with proven ischemia, stenting substantially cuts the revascularization rate compared with optimal medical therapy alone, preliminary trial results showed. (medpagetoday.com)

Recently, increasing interest has been directed toward the question of whether WBCs, particularly polymorphonuclear leukocytes, could also act as mediators of secondary brain damage in the setting of focal and global cerebral ischemia with and without reperfusion. (nih.gov)
The role of WBCs has been investigated in a great variety of global and focal cerebral ischemia models with and without reperfusion, leading to sometimes contradictory results. (nih.gov)
Brain ischemia may be categorized as focal ischemia or global ischemia, and the cause for ischemia can range from congenital heart defects to sickle cell anemia. (reference.com)
Focal ischemia is generally caused by embolism or thrombosis. (reference.com)
In studies on rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion ( 16 ), intraventricular administration of a Ngb antisense oligonucleotide increased infarct volume and associated neurological deficits, whereas a Ngb-expressing adeno-associated vector, delivered intracerebrally, reduced infarct size and neurological impairment. (pnas.org)
Using an intranasal administration route in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia, we demonstrate that nose-to-brain delivery of FBP after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery results in the delivery and retention of FBP in Fas-expressing ischemic areas of the brain. (nature.com)

Accordingly, this discovery raised the possibility of intervening after brain ischemia before the damage becomes irreversible. (wikipedia.org)

What causes kidney ischemia is not entirely known, but several pathophysiology relating to this disease have been elucidated. (wikipedia.org)
Most studies have so far concentrated on arterial ischemia, implicating molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and adhesion molecules in the pathophysiology of the response to injury. (eurekalert.org)

Acute limb ischaemia can occur in patients through all age groups. (wikipedia.org)
Patients that smoke and have diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of developing acute limb ischaemia. (wikipedia.org)
Injuries were associated with advanced (grade IIb) ischemia that affected the entire hand in four patients and first three digits in the other four patients. (nih.gov)
Regardless of patency, all patients who survived arterial repairs had continuing ischemia that resulted in digital gangrene or amputation. (nih.gov)
The take-home message for me as a practicing cardiologist is that I don't have to feel that I am doing any harm by trying medicines first to see if it can control their symptoms-even in the highest-risk patients with myocardial ischemia. (medscape.com)
A leader in the treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia, UPMC is actively engaged in research in an effort to improve outcomes for our complex vascular patients. (upmc.com)
The 55% reduction in 7-year mortality when asymptomatic men with an abnormal ST/HR index were exposed to a rigorous risk factor reduction program 5 suggests that asymptomatic patients with both exercise-induced ischemia and increased carotid intimal-medial thickening may derive even greater prognostic benefit from aggressive risk factor modification. (ahajournals.org)
Despite modern therapy, up to 8 million Americans with peripheral arterial disease are devastated by immobility, intractable ischemia, ulceration, impaired wound healing, or amputation, 1 and the lack of additional treatment options leaves many patients with little hope for relief. (ahajournals.org)
The second protocol aims to prove that exercise Tcpo2 is efficient to estimate the benefit of proximal revascularisation on proximal and distal ischemia in patients suffering stage two lower extremity arterial disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The last protocol is a transversal study of patients with aorto-bi-femoral bypasses aiming to analyse the presence of proximal and distal symptoms and ischemia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The hypothesis for protocols 3 and 4 relates on the hypothesis that a significant number of patients benefiting aorto-bi-femoral bypass suffer isolated proximal pain/ischemia after surgery. (clinicaltrials.gov)
This is a multicenter randomized controlled trial with a target randomization of ~1000 patients with advanced CKD and at least moderate ischemia on stress testing. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Waiting For ISCHEMIA: Why Won't Cardiologists Enroll Patients? (cardiobrief.org)
OBJECTIVE -To assess the prevalence and clinical predictors of silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes and to test the effectiveness of current American Diabetes Association screening guidelines. (diabetesjournals.org)
The prevalence of ischemia in 522 patients randomized to stress testing was assessed by adenosine technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission-computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging. (diabetesjournals.org)
Myocardial ischemia in patients with diabetes is often asymptomatic and frequently in an advanced stage when it becomes clinically manifest ( 2 , 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
The Detection of Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetics (DIAD) study was designed to determine the prevalence and severity of inducible myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes, using adenosine-stress single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging as well as clinical and laboratory predictors of abnormal test results. (diabetesjournals.org)
Biphasic CT has become the gold standard in evaluating patients with suspected mesenteric ischemia. (appliedradiology.com)
This is the first trial to show significant advances in therapy in patients with below-the-knee ischemia, which is the group we have had the most difficulty with," he said. (endocrineweb.com)

Acute limb ischaemia is caused by embolism or thrombosis, or rarely by dissection or trauma. (wikipedia.org)

Common symptoms of brain ischemia include weakness in the body, coordination problems, blindness, unconsciousness and speech impairments. (reference.com)
Treatments for brain ischemia include alteplase to minimize the effects of ischemic strokes and anticonvulsants for the prevention of seizures, states the Columbia University Medical Center. (reference.com)

Hyperphosphorylation of the microtu-bule-associated protein tau induced by transient brain ischemia, shows a study. (medindia.net)
We conclude that proteins are severely aggregated in hippocampal neurons vulnerable to transient brain ischemia. (jneurosci.org)

UPMC's Vascular Surgery Division has access to the latest minimally invasive treatments for chronic mesenteric ischemia. (upmc.com)
Our vascular surgeons are at the forefront of minimally invasive treatments for mesenteric ischemia. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

About half of all cases of acute mesenteric ischemia are caused by arterial embolism originating from a cardiac source. (cmaj.ca)
1 The others are the result of arterial thrombosis (usually atherosclerotic in origin), venous thrombosis (typically from clotting disorders) and nonocclusive ischemia. (cmaj.ca)
Hand ischemia is a rare but potentially devastating complication of radial artery cannulation for arterial monitoring. (nih.gov)
Oxygenated blood or other medium is then perfused through the conduit in a controlled manner, preferably at a controlled pressure below the arterial pressure, to maintain oxygenation and relieve ischemia in tissue distal to the occlusion. (google.es)
Ultrasound enhanced thrombolysis in acute arterial ischemia. (biomedsearch.com)
The etiology of acute mesenteric ischemia can be divided into four categories: arterial embolization, arterial thrombosis, mesenteric venous thrombosis, and non-occlusive, low-flow state. (appliedradiology.com)
Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia does not demonstrate arterial filling defects or venous outflow occlusion and, therefore, has no typical imaging findings. (appliedradiology.com)
Arterial, venous or total mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion causes different types of injury? (eurekalert.org)
However, the precise nature of the response arises after venous, arterial or total ischemia is not fully understood. (eurekalert.org)
Given the current tendency to use drugs that selectively block some of these molecules in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, this knowledge could be useful in designing specific therapies for each of the conditions associated to ischemia (venous occlusion, arterial ischemia, transplant procedures). (eurekalert.org)

Dr. Wei Lu and his team from the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China found that administration of salvianolate during reperfusion after ischemia appears to attenuate brain tissue damage and inhibit neuronal apoptosis by increasing heat shock protein 22 and phosphorylated protein kinase B expression. (eurekalert.org)
This study, which has been published in the Neural Regeneration Research (Vol. 9, No. 3, 2014), suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 is a promising candidate for clinical use in the prevention of neuronal degeneration following cerebral ischemia. (news-medical.net)
A single intranasal administration of 2 mg/kg FBP resulted in significantly reduced neuronal cell death by inhibiting Fas-mediated apoptosis leading to decreased infarct volumes, reduced neurologic deficit scores and recovery from cerebral ischemia. (nature.com)
Using in vivo and neuronal OGD models, it was recently established that mTORC1 (mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex-1), a protein complex downstream of PI3K-Akt pathway, is one of the players deregulated after ischemia and OGD. (frontiersin.org)

surgical treatment is usually required to effectively treat chronic mesenteric ischemia as well. (everything2.com)
Surgery can treat chronic mesenteric artery ischemia, if needed. (healthline.com)

The prognosis of acute mesenteric ischemia of any type is grave. (go.jp)

Mesenteric artery ischemia is a condition that restricts blood flow to your intestines. (healthline.com)
Usually, in the case of an acute ischemia attack, surgery removes blot clots, scar tissue, and parts of the intestines that have already died. (healthline.com)
Mesenteric ischemia is decreased blood flow to the intestines. (emedicinehealth.com)

In studies of mice models, clamping of the kidney may result in kidney ischemia. (wikipedia.org)
Here we report that Ngb transgenic (Ngb-Tg) mice show reduced sensitivity to ischemia both in brain, where Ngb is normally expressed, and in heart, where it is not. (pnas.org)
When subject to regional myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, young Ubqln1-CKO mice showed substantially exacerbated cardiac malfunction and enlarged infarct size, and conversely, mice with transgenic Ubqln1 overexpression displayed attenuated IRI. (jci.org)

ISCHEMIA was designed to look at major clinical events very carefully: adjudicated heart attacks, strokes, heart failure, sudden cardiac death, unstable angina, and mortality. (medscape.com)

Blood vessel surgery is another possible cause of ischemia. (healthline.com)

What Are the Types of Ischemia? (emedicinehealth.com)
What Are the Signs and Symptoms of the Types of Ischemia? (emedicinehealth.com)

Restoration of blood flow after a period of ischemia can actually be more damaging than the ischemia. (wikidoc.org)

The effects of ischemia are fairly rapid because the brain does not store glucose, the chief energy substrate, and is incapable of anaerobic metabolism 4 . (nature.com)

Anatomy38

Organisms16

Diseases47

Chemicals and Drugs58

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment58

Phenomena and Processes40

Disciplines and Occupations1

Health Care9

Expression of thrombospondin-1 in ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization. (1/5696)

Rescue of diabetes-related impairment of angiogenesis by intramuscular gene therapy with adeno-VEGF. (2/5696)

Modulation of the thermoregulatory sweating response to mild hyperthermia during activation of the muscle metaboreflex in humans. (3/5696)

Hypothermic neuroprotection of peripheral nerve of rats from ischaemia-reperfusion injury. (4/5696)

Age-related outcome for peripheral thrombolysis. (5/5696)

Accumulation of N-acyl-ethanolamine phospholipids in rat brains during post-decapitative ischemia: a 31p NMR study. (6/5696)

Heart rate during exercise with leg vascular occlusion in spinal cord-injured humans. (7/5696)

CT angiography and Doppler sonography for emergency assessment in acute basilar artery ischemia. (8/5696)

Ischemia

Myocardial Ischemia

Brain Ischemia

Reperfusion Injury

Myocardial Reperfusion Injury

Ischemic Attack, Transient

Reperfusion

Warm Ischemia

Cold Ischemia

Ischemic Preconditioning

Gerbillinae

Spinal Cord Ischemia

Time Factors

Disease Models, Animal

Myocardium

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial

Rats, Wistar

Neuroprotective Agents

Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery

Myocardial Reperfusion

Cerebrovascular Circulation

Coronary Circulation

Cerebral Infarction

Brain

Hindlimb

Heart

Myocardial Infarction

Perfusion

Coronary Disease

Hemodynamics

Cardiotonic Agents

Dogs

Constriction

Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion

Arterial Occlusive Diseases

Brain Edema

Electrocardiography

Myocardial Contraction

Leg

Lower Extremity

Neurons

Exercise Test

Necrosis

Regional Blood Flow

Myocardial Stunning

Hippocampus

Hypothermia, Induced

Ischemic Postconditioning

Cell Death

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Rabbits

Amputation

Blood Pressure

Laser-Doppler Flowmetry

Cerebral Cortex

Mitochondria, Heart

Phosphocreatine

Adenosine

Angina Pectoris

Prosencephalon

Apoptosis

Neovascularization, Physiologic

Creatine Kinase

Oxygen

Adenosine Triphosphate

Acute Disease

Random Allocation

Collateral Circulation

Lactic Acid

Arrhythmias, Cardiac

Coronary Vessels

Brain Infarction

Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain

Peroxidase

Microcirculation

Cerebral Arteries

Heart Rate

Ventricular Function, Left

Limb Salvage