AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
IronIron Chelating AgentsIron OverloadIron, DietaryIron IsotopesIron RadioisotopesFerritinsIron CompoundsFerric CompoundsAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyTransferrinIron Regulatory Protein 1Ferrous CompoundsIron Metabolism DisordersIron Regulatory Protein 2DeferoxamineSiderophoresReceptors, TransferrinHepcidinsIron-Dextran ComplexAnemia, HypochromicHemochromatosisNonheme Iron ProteinsHemoglobinsIron-Binding ProteinsCation Transport ProteinsIron-Regulatory ProteinsApoferritinsHemosiderinHemeAntimicrobial Cationic PeptidesGlucaric AcidIron Carbonyl CompoundsCeruloplasminFMN ReductaseChelation TherapyIntestinal AbsorptionFerrozineAnemiabeta-ThalassemiaIron-Sulfur ProteinsBiological AvailabilityFood, FortifiedPyridonesMagnetite NanoparticlesSiderosisPhlebotomyAbsorptionHomeostasisErythrocyte IndicesZincOxidation-ReductionNitrilotriacetic AcidFerrosoferric OxideAconitate HydrataseCopperLiverSpectroscopy, MossbauerEnterobactinHematocritDietary SupplementsProtoporphyrinsHemosiderosisAscorbic AcidNutritional StatusBacterial ProteinsPhytic AcidLactoferrin2,2'-DipyridylConalbuminElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyBiological TransportDuodenumHematinicsBloodlettingErythropoiesisFerrichromeTrace ElementsOxidative StressDeficiency DiseasesMembrane ProteinsPregnancy Complications, HematologicThalassemiaMolecular Sequence DataChelating AgentsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialErythropoietinEdetic AcidBenzoatesManganeseHeminMutationHemeproteinsFerrocyanidesKineticsCitric AcidMicronutrientsHistocompatibility Antigens Class ITransferrin-Binding ProteinsBlood Transfusion
Iron
A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
Iron Chelating Agents
Organic chemicals that form two or more coordination links with an iron ion. Once coordination has occurred, the complex formed is called a chelate. The iron-binding porphyrin group of hemoglobin is an example of a metal chelate found in biological systems.
Iron Overload
An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)
Iron, Dietary
Iron or iron compounds used in foods or as food. Dietary iron is important in oxygen transport and the synthesis of the iron-porphyrin proteins hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, and cytochrome oxidase. Insufficient amounts of dietary iron can lead to iron-deficiency anemia.
Iron Isotopes
Stable iron atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iron, but differ in atomic weight. Fe-54, 57, and 58 are stable iron isotopes.
Iron Radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of iron that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Fe atoms with atomic weights 52, 53, 55, and 59-61 are radioactive iron isotopes.
Ferritins
Iron-containing proteins that are widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Their major function is to store IRON in a nontoxic bioavailable form. Each ferritin molecule consists of ferric iron in a hollow protein shell (APOFERRITINS) made of 24 subunits of various sequences depending on the species and tissue types.
Iron Compounds
Organic and inorganic compounds that contain iron as an integral part of the molecule.
Ferric Compounds
Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.
Transferrin
An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.
Iron Regulatory Protein 1
A multifunctional iron-sulfur protein that is both an iron regulatory protein and cytoplasmic form of aconitate hydratase. It binds to iron regulatory elements found on mRNAs involved in iron metabolism and regulates their translation. Its RNA binding ability and its aconitate hydrolase activity are dependent upon availability of IRON.
Ferrous Compounds
Inorganic or organic compounds that contain divalent iron.
Iron Metabolism Disorders
Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)
Iron Regulatory Protein 2
A multifunctional iron-sulfur protein that is both an iron regulatory protein and cytoplasmic form of aconitate hydratase. It binds to iron regulatory elements found on mRNAs involved in iron metabolism and regulates their translation. Its rate of degradation is increased in the presence of IRON.
Deferoxamine
Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.
Siderophores
Low-molecular-weight compounds produced by microorganisms that aid in the transport and sequestration of ferric iron. (The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994)
Receptors, Transferrin
Membrane glycoproteins found in high concentrations on iron-utilizing cells. They specifically bind iron-bearing transferrin, are endocytosed with its ligand and then returned to the cell surface where transferrin without its iron is released.
Hepcidins
Forms of hepcidin, a cationic amphipathic peptide synthesized in the liver as a prepropeptide which is first processed into prohepcidin and then into the biologically active hepcidin forms, including in human the 20-, 22-, and 25-amino acid residue peptide forms. Hepcidin acts as a homeostatic regulators of iron metabolism and also possesses antimicrobial activity.
Iron-Dextran Complex
A complex of ferric oxyhydroxide with dextrans of 5000 to 7000 daltons in a viscous solution containing 50 mg/ml of iron. It is supplied as a parenteral preparation and is used as a hematinic. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1292)
Anemia, Hypochromic
Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)
Hemochromatosis
A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)
Nonheme Iron Proteins
Proteins, usually acting in oxidation-reduction reactions, containing iron but no porphyrin groups. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1993, pG-10)
Hemoglobins
The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.
Iron-Binding Proteins
Proteins that specifically bind to IRON.
Cation Transport Proteins
Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of positively charged molecules (cations) across a biological membrane.
Iron-Regulatory Proteins
Proteins that regulate cellular and organismal iron homeostasis. They play an important biological role by maintaining iron levels that are adequate for metabolic need, but below the toxicity threshold.
Apoferritins
The protein components of ferritins. Apoferritins are shell-like structures containing nanocavities and ferroxidase activities. Apoferritin shells are composed of 24 subunits, heteropolymers in vertebrates and homopolymers in bacteria. In vertebrates, there are two types of subunits, light chain and heavy chain. The heavy chain contains the ferroxidase activity.
Hemosiderin
Heme
The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins. They displace DIVALENT CATIONS from phosphate groups of MEMBRANE LIPIDS leading to disruption of the membrane.
Glucaric Acid
A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.
Iron Carbonyl Compounds
Complex of iron atoms chelated with carbonyl ions.
Ceruloplasmin
FMN Reductase
An enzyme that utilizes NADH or NADPH to reduce FLAVINS. It is involved in a number of biological processes that require reduced flavin for their functions such as bacterial bioluminescence. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.8.1 and EC 1.5.1.29.
Chelation Therapy
Therapy of heavy metal poisoning using agents which sequester the metal from organs or tissues and bind it firmly within the ring structure of a new compound which can be eliminated from the body.
Intestinal Absorption
Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.
Ferrozine
A ferroin compound that forms a stable magenta-colored solution with the ferrous ion. The complex has an absorption peak at 562 nm and is used as a reagent and indicator for iron.
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.
beta-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.
Iron-Sulfur Proteins
A group of proteins possessing only the iron-sulfur complex as the prosthetic group. These proteins participate in all major pathways of electron transport: photosynthesis, respiration, hydroxylation and bacterial hydrogen and nitrogen fixation.
Biological Availability
The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.
Food, Fortified
Any food that has been supplemented with essential nutrients either in quantities that are greater than those present normally, or which are not present in the food normally. Fortified food includes also food to which various nutrients have been added to compensate for those removed by refinement or processing. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Pyridones
Pyridine derivatives with one or more keto groups on the ring.
Magnetite Nanoparticles
Synthesized magnetic particles under 100 nanometers possessing many biomedical applications including DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and CONTRAST AGENTS. The particles are usually coated with a variety of polymeric compounds.
Siderosis
A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes.
Phlebotomy
The techniques used to draw blood from a vein for diagnostic purposes or for treatment of certain blood disorders such as erythrocytosis, hemochromatosis, polycythemia vera, and porphyria cutanea tarda.
Absorption
The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.
Homeostasis
The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.
Erythrocyte Indices
ERYTHROCYTE size and HEMOGLOBIN content or concentration, usually derived from ERYTHROCYTE COUNT; BLOOD hemoglobin concentration; and HEMATOCRIT. The indices include the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).
Zinc
A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Nitrilotriacetic Acid
A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)
Ferrosoferric Oxide
Iron (II,III) oxide (Fe3O4). It is a black ore of IRON that forms opaque crystals and exerts strong magnetism.
Aconitate Hydratase
An enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of cis-aconitate to yield citrate or isocitrate. It is one of the citric acid cycle enzymes. EC 4.2.1.3.
Copper
A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Spectroscopy, Mossbauer
A spectroscopic technique which uses the Mossbauer effect (inelastic scattering of gamma radiation resulting from interaction with heavy nuclei) to monitor the small variations in the interaction between an atomic nucleus and its environment. Such variations may be induced by changes in temperature, pressure, chemical state, molecular conformation, molecular interaction, or physical site. It is particularly useful for studies of structure-activity relationship in metalloproteins, mobility of heavy metals, and the state of whole tissue and cell membranes.
Enterobactin
An iron-binding cyclic trimer of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine. It is produced by E COLI and other enteric bacteria.
Hematocrit
The volume of packed RED BLOOD CELLS in a blood specimen. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, ANEMIA shows a low value; POLYCYTHEMIA, a high value.
Dietary Supplements
Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.
Protoporphyrins
Porphyrins with four methyl, two vinyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Protoporphyrin IX occurs in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and most of the cytochromes.
Hemosiderosis
Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin.
Ascorbic Acid
A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
Nutritional Status
State of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Phytic Acid
Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.
Lactoferrin
An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.
2,2'-Dipyridyl
A reagent used for the determination of iron.
Conalbumin
A glycoprotein albumin from hen's egg white with strong iron-binding affinity.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.
Biological Transport
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.
Duodenum
The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.
Hematinics
Agents which improve the quality of the blood, increasing the hemoglobin level and the number of erythrocytes. They are used in the treatment of anemias.
Bloodletting
Puncture of a vein to draw blood for therapeutic purposes. Bloodletting therapy has been used in Talmudic and Indian medicine since the medieval time, and was still practiced widely in the 18th and 19th centuries. Its modern counterpart is PHLEBOTOMY.
Erythropoiesis
The production of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES). In humans, erythrocytes are produced by the YOLK SAC in the first trimester; by the liver in the second trimester; by the BONE MARROW in the third trimester and after birth. In normal individuals, the erythrocyte count in the peripheral blood remains relatively constant implying a balance between the rate of erythrocyte production and rate of destruction.
Ferrichrome
A cyclic peptide consisting of three residues of delta-N-hydroxy-delta-N-acetylornithine. It acts as an iron transport agent in Ustilago sphaerogena.
Trace Elements
A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Oxidative Stress
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).
Deficiency Diseases
A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic
The co-occurrence of pregnancy and a blood disease (HEMATOLOGIC DISEASES) which involves BLOOD CELLS or COAGULATION FACTORS. The hematologic disease may precede or follow FERTILIZATION and it may or may not have a deleterious effect on the pregnant woman or FETUS.
Thalassemia
A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Chelating Agents
Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS.
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.
Erythropoietin
Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.
Edetic Acid
A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.
Benzoates
Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure.
Manganese
A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
Hemin
Chloro(7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(4-)-N(21),N(22),N(23),N(24)) ferrate(2-) dihydrogen.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Hemeproteins
Proteins that contain an iron-porphyrin, or heme, prosthetic group resembling that of hemoglobin. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p480)
Ferrocyanides
Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid ferrocyanic acid (H4Fe(CN)6).
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Citric Acid
A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.
Micronutrients
Essential dietary elements or organic compounds that are required in only small quantities for normal physiologic processes to occur.
Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.
Transferrin-Binding Proteins
A class of carrier proteins that bind to TRANSFERRIN. Many strains of pathogenic bacteria utilize transferrin-binding proteins to acquire their supply of iron from serum.
Blood Transfusion
The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Spectrophotometric techniques by which the absorption or emmision spectra of radiation from atoms are produced and analyzed.
Apoproteins
The protein components of a number of complexes, such as enzymes (APOENZYMES), ferritin (APOFERRITINS), or lipoproteins (APOLIPOPROTEINS).
Mononuclear Phagocyte System
Mononuclear cells with pronounced phagocytic ability that are distributed extensively in lymphoid and other organs. It includes MACROPHAGES and their precursors; PHAGOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS; HISTIOCYTES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and MICROGLIA. The term mononuclear phagocyte system has replaced the former reticuloendothelial system, which also included less active phagocytic cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. (From Illustrated Dictionary of Immunology, 2d ed.)
Hemoglobinometry
Measurement of hemoglobin concentration in blood.
Magnetics
The study of MAGNETIC PHENOMENA.
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.
Dextrans
A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Flour
Ground up seed of WHEAT.
Spectrum Analysis
The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Metalloproteins
Proteins that have one or more tightly bound metal ions forming part of their structure. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Sulfur
An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.
Hydroxyl Radical
The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.
Porphyrins
A group of compounds containing the porphin structure, four pyrrole rings connected by methine bridges in a cyclic configuration to which a variety of side chains are attached. The nature of the side chain is indicated by a prefix, as uroporphyrin, hematoporphyrin, etc. The porphyrins, in combination with iron, form the heme component in biologically significant compounds such as hemoglobin and myoglobin.
Oxygen
An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Infant Food
Food processed and manufactured for the nutritional health of children in their first year of life.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Erythrocyte Count
The number of RED BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.
Hydrogen Peroxide
A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

The effect of chelating agents on iron mobilization in Chang cell cultures. (1/13710)

The investigation of chelating agents with potential therapeutic value in patients with transfusional iron overload has been facilitated by the use of Chang cell cultures. These cells have been incubated with [59Fe]transferrin for 22 hr, following which most of the intracellular radioiron is found in the cytosol, distributed between a ferritin and a nonferritin form. Iron release from the cells depends on transferrin saturation in the medium, but when transferrin is 100% saturated, which normally does not allow iron release, desferrioxamine, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, rhodotorulic acid, cholythydroxamic acid, and tropolone all promote the mobilization of ferritin iron and its release from cells. They are effective to an approximately equal degree. The incubation of [59Fe]transferrin with tropolone in vitro at a molar ratio of 1:500 results in the transfer of most of the labeled iron to the chelator, reflecting the exceptionally high binding constant of this compound. How far these phenomena relate to therapeutic potentially remains to be seen.  (+info)

Studies of the binding of different iron donors to human serum transferrin and isolation of iron-binding fragments from the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein. (2/13710)

1. Trypsin digestion of human serum transferrin partially saturated with iron(III)-nitrilotriacetate at pH 5.5 or pH 8.5 produces a carbohydrate-containing iron-binding fragment of mol.wt. 43000. 2. When iron(III) citrate, FeCl3, iron (III) ascorabate and (NH4)2SO4,FeSO4 are used as iron donors to saturate the protein partially, at pH8.5, proteolytic digestion yields a fragment of mol.wt. 36000 that lacks carbohydrate. 3. The two fragments differ in their antigenic structures, amino acid compositions and peptide 'maps'. 4. The fragment with mol.wt. 36000 was assigned to the N-terminal region of the protein and the other to the C-terminal region. 5. The distribution of iron in human serum transferrin partially saturated with various iron donors was examined by electrophoresis in urea/polyacrylamide gels and the two possible monoferric forms were unequivocally identified. 6. The site designated A on human serum transferrin [Harris (1977) Biochemistry 16, 560--564] was assigned to the C-terminal region of the protein and the B site to the N-terminal region. 7. The distribution of iron on transferrin in human plasma was determined.  (+info)

Role of iron in Nramp1-mediated inhibition of mycobacterial growth. (3/13710)

Innate resistance to mycobacterial growth is mediated by a gene, Nramp1. We have previously reported that Nramp1 mRNA from macrophages of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-resistant (Bcgr) mice is more stable than Nramp1 mRNA from macrophages of BCG-susceptible (Bcgs) mice. Based on these observations and on reports that show that the closely related Nramp2 gene is a metal ion transporter, we evaluated the effect of iron on the growth of Mycobacterium avium within macrophages as well as on the stability of Nramp1 mRNA. The addition of iron to macrophages from Bcgs mice resulted in a stimulation of mycobacterial growth. In contrast, iron increased the capacity of macrophages from Bcgr mice to control the growth of M. avium. When we treated recombinant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-activated macrophages with iron, we found that iron abrogated the growth inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma-activated macrophages from Bcgs mice but that it did not affect the capacity of macrophages from Bcgr mice to control microbial growth. A more detailed examination of the effect of iron on microbial growth showed that the addition of small quantities of iron to resident macrophages from Bcgr mice stimulated antimicrobial activity within a very narrow dose range. The effect of iron on the growth inhibitory activity of macrophages from Bcgr mice was abrogated by the addition of catalase or mannitol to the culture medium. These results are consistent with an Fe(II)-mediated stimulation of the Fenton/Haber-Weiss reaction and hydroxyl radical-mediated inhibition of mycobacterial growth.  (+info)

Characterization of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis lbpB, lbpA, and lactoferrin receptor orf3 isogenic mutants. (4/13710)

Pathogenic members of the family Neisseriaceae produce specific receptors to acquire iron from their host's lactoferrin and transferrin. Recently, putative Moraxella catarrhalis lactoferrin receptor genes and a third open reading frame (lbpB, lbpA, and orf3) were cloned and sequenced. We describe the preliminary characterization of isogenic mutants deficient in LbpB, LbpA, or Orf3 protein.  (+info)

Chemical and immunochemical measurement of total iron-binding capacity compared. (5/13710)

Radiometric, colorimetric, and two immunochemical methods for measuring total iron-binding capacity are compared. We evaluated the procedures on the basis of precision, applicability to a pediatric population, and accuracy as assessed by analytical recovery of purified transferrin. The immunoephelometric assay for transferrin provides significant advantages over the other methods examined.  (+info)

Changes in haematological parameters and iron metabolism associated with a 1600 kilometre ultramarathon. (6/13710)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate haematological variations and iron related changes in the serum of participants in a 1600 kilometre ultramarathon run. PARTICIPANTS: Seven male and two female participants in a 1600 km foot race. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from the participants before, after four and 11 days of running, and at the end of the event. Samples were analysed by standard methods for haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total red cell count, mean red cell volume, mean red cell haemoglobin, total white cell count and differential, platelets, reticulocytes, iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity, percentage transferrin saturation, haptoglobin, and bilirubin and corrected for changes in plasma volume. RESULTS: The following variables decreased during the event (p < 0.05): haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean red cell volume, percentage lymphocytes, percentage monocytes, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and percentage transferrin saturation. Increases (p < 0.05) were found in plasma volume, total red cell count (day 4 only), total white cell count, percentage and absolute numbers of neutrophils and reticulocytes, absolute numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes (day 4 only), absolute numbers of eosinophils (day 11 and race end), absolute numbers of basophils (race end only), platelets, ferritin, haptoglobin, and bilirubin (day 4 only). CONCLUSION: Ultramarathon running is associated with a wide range of changes in haematological parameters, many of which are related to the normal acute phase response to injury. These should not be confused with indicators of disease.  (+info)

Coronary heart disease and iron status: meta-analyses of prospective studies. (7/13710)

BACKGROUND: Studies of iron status and coronary heart disease (CHD) have yielded conflicting results. In a systematic review ("meta-analysis"), we quantitatively assessed epidemiological associations reported in prospective studies. METHODS AND RESULTS: Studies were identified by computer-assisted searches of the published literature, scanning of relevant reference lists, hand searching of relevant journals, and discussions with relevant authors. The following was abstracted: size and type of cohort, mean age, mean duration of follow-up, assay methods, degree of adjustment for confounders, and relationship of CHD risk to the baseline assay results. Twelve studies were identified, involving a total of 7800 CHD cases, with several reporting on >1 marker of iron status. For serum ferritin, with 570 CHD cases in 5 studies, comparison of individuals with baseline values >/=200 versus <200 microg/L yielded a combined risk ratio of 1.0 (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.3). For transferrin saturation, with 6194 CHD cases in 5 studies, comparison of individuals in the top third with those in the bottom third of the baseline measurements yielded a combined risk ratio of 0.9 (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.1). Comparisons of individuals in top and bottom thirds of baseline measurements also yielded nonsignificant risk ratios in combined analyses of studies involving total iron-binding capacity (combined risk ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.5), serum iron (0.8; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.0), and total dietary iron (0.8; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.1). CONCLUSIONS: Published prospective studies do not provide good evidence to support the existence of strong epidemiological associations between iron status and CHD.  (+info)

The binding of human lactoferrin to mouse peritoneal cells. (8/13710)

Human iron-saturated Lf (FeLf), which was labeled with 125I or 50Fe, was found to combine with the membrane of mouse peritoneal cells (MPC) which consisted of 70% macrophages. The following experimental data suggested the involvement of a specific receptor. (a) The binding of FeLf to MPC reached a saturation point. (b) The binding of radioactive FeLf was inhibited by preincubating the cells with cold FeLf but not with human Tf, human aggregated and nonaggregated IgG, or beef heart cytochrome c (c) Succinylation and carbamylation of FeLf resulted in a loss of its inhibiting activity on the binding of radioactive FeLf. Removal of neuraminic acid from FeLf increased its inhibitory activity. (d) The ability of apoLf to inhibit the binding of FeLf to MPC was significantly lower than that of FeLf. The existence of a Lf receptor capable of concentrating Lf released from neutrophils on the membrane of macrophages could explain the apparent blockade of the release of iron from the reticuloendothelial system, which accounts for the hyposideremia of inflammation. A receptor for FeLf was also found on mouse peritoneal lymphocytes. The affinity constant of FeLf for both lymphocytes and macrophages was 0.9 X 12(6) liter/mol. Howerver, macrophages bound three times more FeLf molecules (20 X 10(6)) per cell than did lymphocytes (7 X 10(6)).  (+info)

Hepatocyte divalent metal-ion transporter-1 is dispensable for hepatic iron accumulation and non-transferrin-bound iron uptake...Hepatocyte divalent metal-ion transporter-1 is dispensable for hepatic iron accumulation and non-transferrin-bound iron uptake...
Divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) is required for iron uptake by the intestine and developing erythroid cells. DMT1 is also present in the liver, where it has been implicated in the uptake of transferrin-bound iron (TBI) and non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI), which appears in the plasma during iron overload. To test the hypothesis that DMT1 is required for hepatic iron uptake, we examined mice with the Dmt1 gene selectively inactivated in hepatocytes (Dmt1liv/liv). We found that Dmt1liv/liv mice and controls (Dmt1flox/flox) did not differ in terms of hepatic iron concentrations or other parameters of iron status. To determine whether hepatocyte DMT1 is required for hepatic iron accumulation, we crossed Dmt1liv/liv mice with Hfe−/− and hypotransferrinemic (Trfhpx/hpx) mice that develop hepatic iron overload. Double-mutant Hfe−/−Dmt1liv/liv and Trfhpx/hpx;Dmt1liv/liv mice were found to accumulate similar amounts of hepatic iron as did their respective controls. To directly assess the ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.26401/abstract
Uptake mechanisms for inorganic iron and ferric citrate in Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 | Scripps Institution of...Uptake mechanisms for inorganic iron and ferric citrate in Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 | Scripps Institution of...
Growth of the prevalent marine organism Trichodesmium can be limited by iron in natural and laboratory settings. This study investigated the iron uptake mechanisms that the model organism T. erythraeum IMS101 uses to acquire iron from inorganic iron and iron associated with the weak ligand complex, ferric citrate. IMS101 was observed to employ two different iron uptake mechanisms: superoxide-mediated reduction of inorganic iron in the surrounding milieu and a superoxide-independent uptake system for ferric citrate complexes. While the detailed pathway of ferric citrate utilization remains to be elucidated, transport of iron from this complex appears to involve reduction and/or exchange of the iron out of the complex prior to uptake, either at the outer membrane of the cell or within the periplasmic space. Various iron uptake strategies may allow Trichodesmium to effectively scavenge iron in oligotrophic ocean environments.. ...
https://scripps.ucsd.edu/biblio/uptake-mechanisms-inorganic-iron-and-ferric-citrate-trichodesmium-erythraeum-ims101
Iron & Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) | Health Testing CentersIron & Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) | Health Testing Centers
Iron is a trace element that is needed in the body to produce red blood cells. It is either carried or bound to a protein that our liver makes, called transferrin. The levels of transferrin are always measured along your iron levels.. Many people consume enough iron through a healthy diet that includes red meat, beans, dark leafy greens, and iron-fortified grains. Some people do not take in enough iron or do not absorb it properly, while others - including pregnant women - have higher iron needs. Because the iron level can fluctuate from day to day (or even within the same day), iron tests are often ordered with ferritin and total iron-binding capacity (and indirect measurement of Transferrin). The total iron-binding capacity measures the iron that is available to bind to proteins in the blood. This helps assess the iron available to aid in the transport of oxygen in the body.. This test is made of two indicators, serum Iron and Binding Capacity. It measures the amount of iron available to bind ...
https://www.healthtestingcenters.com/test/iron-total-iron-binding-capacity-tibc/
Total Iron Binding Capacity: Tests for Iron Overload and DeficiencyTotal Iron Binding Capacity: Tests for Iron Overload and Deficiency
An Iron and TIBC Blood Test (Total Iron-Binding Capacity) is used to diagnose iron overload or iron deficiency. Order a Total Iron Binding Capacity Blood Test today.
https://www.walkinlab.com/ironwithtotaliron-bindingcapacity-tibc-blood.html
The effect of feeding a low iron diet prior to and during gestation on fetal and maternal iron homeostasis in two strains of...The effect of feeding a low iron diet prior to and during gestation on fetal and maternal iron homeostasis in two strains of...
A reduction in maternal liver iron content in response to the low iron diet was associated with upregulation of transferrin receptor expression and a reduction in hepcidin expression in the liver of both strains, which would be expected to promote increased iron absorption across the gut and increased turnover of iron in the liver. Placental expression of transferrin and DMT1+IRE were also upregulated, indicating adaptive responses to ensure availability of iron to the fetus. There were considerable differences in hepatic maternal and fetal iron content between strains. The higher quantity of iron present in livers from Wistar rats was not explained by differences in expression of intestinal iron transporters, and may instead reflect greater materno-fetal transfer in RHL rats as indicated by increased expression of placental iron transporters in this strain ...
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2804/
Effect of iron deficiency on placental transfer of iron and expression of iron transport proteins in vivo and in vitro |...Effect of iron deficiency on placental transfer of iron and expression of iron transport proteins in vivo and in vitro |...
Maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy induces anaemia in the developing fetus; however, the severity tends to be less than in the mother. The mechanism underlying this resistance has not been determined. We have measured placental expression of proteins involved in iron transfer in pregnant rats given diets with decreasing levels of iron and examined the effect of iron deficiency on iron transfer across BeWo cell layers, a model for placental iron transfer. Transferrin receptor expression was increased at both mRNA and protein levels. Similarly, expression of the iron-responsive element (IRE)-regulated form of the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) was also increased. In contrast, the non-IRE regulated isoform showed no change in mRNA levels. Protein levels of DMT1 increased significantly. Iron efflux is thought to be mediated by the metal transporter protein, IREG1/ferroportin1/MTP1, and oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) prior to incorporation into fetal transferrin is carried out by the ...
https://portlandpress.com/biochemj/article-abstract/356/3/883/38792/Effect-of-iron-deficiency-on-placental-transfer-of?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Iron response element - WikipediaIron response element - Wikipedia
Play media In molecular biology, the iron response element or iron-responsive element (IRE) is a short conserved stem-loop which is bound by iron response proteins (IRPs, also named IRE-BP or IRBP). The IRE is found in UTRs (untranslated regions) of various mRNAs whose products are involved in iron metabolism. For example, the mRNA of ferritin (an iron storage protein) contains one IRE in its 5 UTR. When iron concentration is low, IRPs bind the IRE in the ferritin mRNA and cause reduced translation rates. In contrast, binding to multiple IREs in the 3 UTR of the transferrin receptor (involved in iron acquisition) leads to increased mRNA stability. The two leading theories describe how iron probably interacts to impact posttranslational control of transcription. The classical theory suggests that IRPs, in the absence of iron, bind avidly to the mRNA IRE. When Iron is present, it interacts with the protein to cause it to release the mRNA. For example, In high iron conditions in humans, IRP1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_response_element
Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit - Research Groups - Iron homeostasis in health and disease - EMBL
Iron is essential for fundamental metabolic processes in cells and organisms. Regulation of systemic iron homeostasis evolved to maintain a plasma iron concentration that secures adequate supplies while preventing organ iron overload.. The homeostatic system must react to signals from pathways that consume iron (e.g. the erythropoiesis) and send signals to cells that supply iron (e.g. duodenal enterocytes, which absorb iron from the diet; macrophages which recycle iron from senescent erythrocytes, and hepatocytes which are the major iron stores). The small hepatic peptide hormone hepcidin (Hamp, LEAP1) orchestrates these iron fluxes and controls the amount of available extracellular iron by interacting with the iron exporter ferroportin: binding of hepcidin induces ferroportin internalization and degradation, thus reducing the levels of iron in circulation.. ...
https://www.embl.de/mmpu/mmpu/research_groups/iron_homeostasis/
Anemia and Iron Deficiencies among Long-Term Renal Transplant Recipients | American Society of NephrologyAnemia and Iron Deficiencies among Long-Term Renal Transplant Recipients | American Society of Nephrology
Our study suggests that we do not attach enough importance to the diagnosis and management of anemia among RTR in stable condition. This is obviously attributable to the prevalence of unrecognized iron deficiencies, which is related to the poor information obtained from ferritin or TSAT measurements. Only 10.1% of severely anemic patients presented with serum ferritin levels of ,12 μg/L, and TSAT values of ,15% were observed for 29%. These results underestimate by far the number of patients with functional iron deficiencies, because HRBC values of ,2.5% were detected for 46.4% and values in the upper quartile were detected for 52.2% of our severely anemic patients, reaching 64.1% among female patients. These findings strongly suggest that iron deficiencies, as diagnosed by serum ferritin or TSAT measurements, remain undetected in a significant proportion of RTR. Factors related to the prevalence of iron deficiencies may include occult blood losses, blood sampling, and adherence to a low-meat ...
https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/13/3/794
Changed iron metabolism and iron toxicity in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cellsChanged iron metabolism and iron toxicity in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cells
Reactions and interactions of iron and oxygen can be both beneficial and detrimental to cells and tissues. Iron is mainly found in our blood where it functions as a mediator in the transport of oxygen to the cells and is further vital for the cellular respiration reducing the oxygen to water. The flexible redox state of iron makes it ideal to contribute in single electron transfers, but may also catalyze reactions with oxygen resulting in cell damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Normally the cells are protected against iron toxicity by controlling iron uptake and storage. When the intracellular demand for iron increases; the iron uptake is promoted by increasing the expression of transferrin receptor (TfR) and by decreasing the expression of the iron storage protein ferritin. Ferritin has a central role in the cellular iron detoxification by keeping it in a non reactive but still bioavailable form. However, in neurodegenerative diseases like in Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease the iron ...
http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:196745
Iron deficiency anemia in cyclic GMP kinase knockout mice | HaematologicaIron deficiency anemia in cyclic GMP kinase knockout mice | Haematologica
The severe iron store deficiency should also be reflected by a decreased plasma iron concentration. Measurement of plasma iron showed that cGKI−/− and cGKI RM mice have a severe decrease in plasma iron concentration that is reversed by treatment with PPI (Figure 3B). Iron resorption depends on two proteins present in the duodenum, the divalent metal ion transporter 1 and ferroportin.6 Ferroportin releases iron on the basolateral side of the enterocyte to ceruloplasmin and transferrin. The ferroportin concentration is regulated by the liver protein hepcidin. Hepcidin transcription is subsequently regulated by the BMP receptor and SMAD proteins.6,7 High hepcidin concentrations decrease the concentration of ferroportin. Therefore, hepcidin concentration should be low in iron deficiency. In line with these established feedback mechanisms, the liver hepcidin (HAMP) mRNA concentration was low in cGKI−/− mice (Figure 3C), but increased with PPI treatment and iron injection. The combination of ...
http://www.haematologica.org/content/101/2/e48.long
Change in Serum Iron as a Measure of Bioavailability of Dietary Iron by Mary Beth WrightChange in Serum Iron as a Measure of Bioavailability of Dietary Iron by Mary Beth Wright
Methods currently used to determine iron bioavailability have disadvantages for both the subjects and researchers involved. One safe and simple method that needs further evaluation, the serum iron absorption method, involves an initial blood drawing, dosage s of iron, and blood drawings taken at intervals thereafter. Generally, the rise in serum iron or area under the curve is used to determine iron uptake. Two experiments were conducted using the serum iron absorption method in an effort to improve the utility of this method for the measurement of iron bioavailability. With this effort in mind, an equation adjusting for dose of iron (0.5-8 mg) and blood volume was used to estimate serum iron absorption and allow for adequate comparisons of other iron absorption data obtained with this method and others. One very significant result was that low serum ferritin was found to be a predictor of high serum estimated iron absorption (SEIA). Similarly, low serum ferritin levels were also highly correlated to
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5351/
Enhanced nitrate-nitrogen removal by modified attapulgite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron treating simulated groundwater ...Enhanced nitrate-nitrogen removal by modified attapulgite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron treating simulated groundwater ...
Attapulgite (or palygorskite) is a magnesium aluminium phyllosilicate. Modified attapulgite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was created by a liquid-phase reduction method and then applied for nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) removal (transformation) in simulated groundwater. Nanoscale zero-valent iron was sufficiently dispersed on the surface of thermally modified attapulgite. The NO3-N removal efficiency reached up to approximately 83.8% with an initial pH values of 7.0. The corresponding thermally modified attapulgite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (TATP-NZVI) and NO3-N concentrations were 2.0 g/L and 20 mg/L respectively. Moreover, 72.1% of the water column NO3-N was converted to ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) within 6 h. The influence of environmental boundary conditions including dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, light illumination and water temperature on NO3-N removal was also investigated with batch experiments. The results indicated that the DO concentration greatly impacted on ...
http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/51023/?template=banner
Iron Supplementation May Reduce Deferral and Iron Deficiency in Blood Donors - Transfusion NewsIron Supplementation May Reduce Deferral and Iron Deficiency in Blood Donors - Transfusion News
Retaining blood donors is important. Up to 5% of new blood donors, however, are deferred because of low hemoglobin. Although donation intervals are set to minimize iron deficiency, low levels of iron are a problem in regular donors, and deferred donors often do not return.. A recent meta-analysis from the Cochrane Collaboration evaluated 30 randomized control trials (over 4700 blood donors), including 19 trials comparing iron supplementation to a control group. This analysis found that iron supplementation significantly reduced the number of donors deferred due to low levels of hemoglobin, both at the first donation and at subsequent donations (p,0.0001). Iron supplements also increased hemoglobin levels and iron stores. Iron supplements, however, caused adverse side effects in 29% of donors compared to only 17% of donors who took placebo pills. While minimizing iron deficiency is important for donor retention, adverse side effects and the risk of long-term iron supplements need further ...
http://transfusionnews.com/2014/07/25/iron-supplementation-may-reduce-deferral-and-iron-deficiency-in-blood-donors/
Molecular mechanisms and regulation of iron transport<...Molecular mechanisms and regulation of iron transport<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular mechanisms and regulation of iron transport. AU - Chung, Jayong. AU - Wessling-Resnick, Marianne. AU - Enns, Caroline. PY - 2003/1/1. Y1 - 2003/1/1. N2 - Iron homeostasis is primarily maintained through regulation of its transport. This review summarizes recent discoveries in the field of iron transport that have shed light on the molecular mechanisms of dietary iron uptake, pathways for iron efflux to and between peripheral tissues, proteins implicated in organellar transport of iron (particularly the mitochondrion), and novel regulators that have been proposed to control iron assimilation. The transport of both transferrin-bound and nontransferrin-bound iron to peripheral tissues is discussed. Finally, the regulation of iron transport is also considered at the molecular level, with posttranscriptional, transcriptional, and posttranslational control mechanisms being reviewed.. AB - Iron homeostasis is primarily maintained through regulation of its transport. This ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/molecular-mechanisms-and-regulation-of-iron-transport-2
Iron absorption in erythropoietin-treated haemodialysis patients: effects of iron availability, inflammation and aluminium :...
Background. The response to recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) is determined primarily by the availability of iron. In contrast to i.v. iron, oral iron supplementation is often insufficient for an optimal response.. Method. We studied iron absorption and the effects of iron status, aluminium status and inflammation in 19 chronic haemodialysis patients on maintenance rHuEpo therapy. Iron mucosal uptake after 24 h, iron retention after 2 weeks and mucosal transfer of iron were determined with a whole-body counter using an oral dose 59Fe. Iron absorption was measured once without, and once after the ingestion of 2 g aluminium hydroxide.. Results. On the basis of transferrin saturation, two groups of dialysis patients were distinguished: a group with a functional iron deficiency (n = 9), and an iron-replete group (n = 10). In the iron-deficient dialysis patients group, mucosal uptake, mucosal transfer, and iron retention were 49.9% ± 29.4, 0.73 ± 0.29, and 41.6% ± 32.2, being significantly ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/viewindexcard/10.1093$002fndt$002f13.1.82
UiS Brage: The organization of controller motifs leading to robust plant iron homeostasisUiS Brage: The organization of controller motifs leading to robust plant iron homeostasis
Iron is an essential element needed by all organisms for growth and development. Because iron becomes toxic at higher concentrations iron is under homeostatic control. Plants face also the problem that iron in the soil is tightly bound to oxygen and difficult to access. Plants have therefore developed special mechanisms for iron uptake and regulation. During the last years key components of plant iron regulation have been identified. How these components integrate and maintain robust iron homeostasis is presently not well understood. Here we use a computational approach to identify mechanisms for robust iron homeostasis in non-graminaceous plants. In comparison with experimental results certain control arrangements can be eliminated, among them that iron homeostasis is solely based on an iron-dependent degradation of the transporter IRT1. Recent IRT1 overexpression experiments suggested that IRT1-degradation is iron-independent. This suggestion appears to be misleading. We show that iron ...
https://uis.brage.unit.no/uis-xmlui/handle/11250/2408219
Comparison of NovaFerrum® vs Ferrous Sulfate Treatment in Young Children With Nutritional Iron Deficiency Anemia - Full Text...Comparison of NovaFerrum® vs Ferrous Sulfate Treatment in Young Children With Nutritional Iron Deficiency Anemia - Full Text...
This study is a randomized, controlled, double-blinded single center trial to compare the efficacy of NovaFerrum® to ferrous sulfate for the treatment of nutritional iron deficiency anemia in infants and young children.. Hypothesis: NovaFerrum® has greater efficacy than ferrous sulfate in increasing hemoglobin concentration during a twelve week course of treatment to subjects with iron deficiency anemia.. Primary Aim:. To compare the efficacy of NovaFerrum® to ferrous sulfate for the treatment of nutritional IDA in infants and young children as determined by increase in hemoglobin concentration.. Secondary Aims:. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01904864?recr=Open&cond=%22Anemia%2C+Iron-Deficiency%22&rank=12
Diagnosis of Chronic Iron Deficiency - Articles on Medical Diseases and Conditions
The usual signals of iron deficiency are a decreased MCV (or anemia with a low-normal MCV) or elevated RDW. Hypochromia with or without microcytosis on peripheral blood smear is also suspicious. Conditions frequently associated with chronic iron deficiency (e.g., malabsorption, megaloblastic anemia, pregnancy, infants on prolonged milk feeding) should also prompt further investigation. The major conditions to be considered are chronic iron deficiency, thalassemia minor, and anemia of chronic disease. The most frequently used differential tests are the serum iron plus TIBC (considered as one test) and the serum ferritin. Although the serum ferritin test alone may be diagnostic, the test combination is frequently ordered together to save time (since the results of the serum ferritin test may not be conclusive), to help interpret the values obtained, and to provide additional information. Low serum iron levels plus low TIBC suggests chronic disease effect (Table 3-2 and Table 37-2). Low serum iron ...
http://med-life.net/2009/07/22/diagnosis-of-chronic-iron-deficiency/
Test DetailTest Detail
Serum iron quantification is useful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia or hemochromatosis. The measurement of total iron binding in the same specimen may facilitate the clinicians ability to distinguish between low serum iron levels caused by iron deficiency from those related to inflammatory neoplastic disorders. The assay for iron measures the amount of iron which is bound to transferrin. The total iron binding capacity (TIBC) measures the amount of iron that would appear in blood if all the transferrin were saturated with iron. It is an indirect measurement of transferrin concentrations but expressed as an iron measurement. To obtain the percent saturation, the serum iron is divided by the TIBC which gives the actual amount of saturated transferrin. The percent saturation is low in iron deficiency and high in iron storage diseases ...
https://www.directlabs.com/4me2/TestDetail.aspx?testid=42
washing chlorides from iron orewashing chlorides from iron ore
how to reduce silicon dioxide from washing in iron ore, Iron Ore - Mineral Fact Sheets - Australian Mines Atlas It is the fourth most abundant element after oxygen, silicon and aluminium, and , Most iron ores mined today comprise the iron oxide minerals hematite, Fe2O3 , ore mines throughout the world, all the major Australian iron ore mines are open cut , mainly for coal washing, mineral separation, cement manufacture, gas and,Difference Between Iron II Chloride and Iron III Chloride ,, Nov 23, 2020· The key difference between iron II chloride and iron III chloride is that the Fe atom in iron(II) chloride chemical compound has a +2 oxidation state whereas the Fe atom in iron(III) chloride compound has a +3 oxidation state Iron(II) chloride and iron(III) chloride are important inorganic compounds of the chemical element iron (Fe) Iron II chloride is also named as ferrous chloride, and ,Determination of Iron in Ore by Redox Titration, Determination of Iron Ore by Redox Titration If the indicator ...
https://www.labergerie1700.fr/problem/7066/washing-chlorides-from-iron-ore.html
Search Results for In the prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women, low-dose ferrous...Search Results for In the prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women, low-dose ferrous...
Objective: To compare the effects of oral ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg iron/day vs. ferrous sulfate 50 mg iron/day in the prevention of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant women. Design: Randomized, double-blind, intention-to-treat study. Setting: Antenatal care clinic. Sample: 80 healthy ethnic Danish pregnant women.. Methods: Women were allocated to ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg elemental iron (Aminojern®) (n=40) or ferrous sulfate 50 mg elemental iron (n=40) from 15 to 19 weeks of gestation to delivery. Hematological status (hemoglobin, red blood cell indices) and iron status (plasma iron, plasma transferrin, plasma transferrin saturation, plasma ferritin) were measured at 15-19 weeks (baseline), 27-28 weeks and 36-37 weeks of gestation. Main outcome measures: Occurrence of ID (ferritin ,15 μg/L) and IDA (ferritin ,12 μg/L and hemoglobin ,110 g/L).. Results: At inclusion, there were no significant differences between the bisglycinate and sulfate group concerning ...
https://www.degruyter.com/search?currency=EUR&q=%22In+the+prevention+of+iron+deficiency+and+iron+deficiency+anemia+in+pregnant+women%2C+low-dose+ferrous+bisglycinate+25+mg+iron%2Fday+appears+to+be+as+effective+as+ferrous+sulfate+50+mg+iron%2Fday%2C+most+likely+due+to+the+higher+bioavailability+of+bisglycinate+iron%22&print
Search Results for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, In the prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in pregnant...Search Results for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, In the prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in pregnant...
Objective: To compare the effects of oral ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg iron/day vs. ferrous sulfate 50 mg iron/day in the prevention of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant women. Design: Randomized, double-blind, intention-to-treat study. Setting: Antenatal care clinic. Sample: 80 healthy ethnic Danish pregnant women.. Methods: Women were allocated to ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg elemental iron (Aminojern®) (n=40) or ferrous sulfate 50 mg elemental iron (n=40) from 15 to 19 weeks of gestation to delivery. Hematological status (hemoglobin, red blood cell indices) and iron status (plasma iron, plasma transferrin, plasma transferrin saturation, plasma ferritin) were measured at 15-19 weeks (baseline), 27-28 weeks and 36-37 weeks of gestation. Main outcome measures: Occurrence of ID (ferritin ,15 μg/L) and IDA (ferritin ,12 μg/L and hemoglobin ,110 g/L).. Results: At inclusion, there were no significant differences between the bisglycinate and sulfate group concerning ...
https://www.degruyter.com/search?pageSize=10&q=%22In+the+prevention+of+iron+deficiency+and+iron+deficiency+anemia+in+pregnant+women%2C+low-dose+ferrous+bisglycinate+25+mg+iron%2Fday+appears+to+be+as+effective+as+ferrous+sulfate+50+mg+iron%2Fday%2C+most+likely+due+to+the+higher+bioavailability+of+bisglycinate+iron%22&sort=relevance&t=MD-04-09&print
Alniche Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. » India » Geroz :: Iron Sucrose InjectionAlniche Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. » India » Geroz :: Iron Sucrose Injection
Iron sucrose is dissociated into iron and sucrose by the reticuloendothelial system and iron is transferred form the blood to a bone marrow. The Ferritin the iron storage protein binds and sequesters iron into a nontoxic iron that is easily available. The iron binds to plasma transferring that is carries iron to extracellular fluid to supply to tissues. The transferring receptors presented in membrane binds transferrin iron complex which is then internalized in vesicles iron is released within the cell and transferrin-receptor complex is return to the cell membrane transferrin without iron is then releases to the plasma. The intracellular iron becomes hemoglobin on circulating red blood cells. Transferrin synthesis increased Ferritin production reduced in iron deficiency. ...
http://alniche.com/Products-Group-Geroz.html
The essential bHLH transcription factor FIT1 regulates iron deficiency responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. :: Dartmouth...The essential bHLH transcription factor FIT1 regulates iron deficiency responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. :: Dartmouth...
In order to preserve a balance between the requirement for iron and its toxicity, plants likely maintain tight control over iron homeostasis. We are interested in identifying factors involved in the regulation of iron uptake and have examined this response in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Work presented in this thesis examines the role of an essential transcription factor that controls iron uptake responses in the Arabidopsis root. Because iron is an essential nutrient for plant and human nutrition, improvements in our understanding of how plants assimilate iron from the soil will have implications for both agriculture and human health. We report the identification of the transcription factor FIT1 ( Fe-deficiency Induced Transcription factor 1 ), which is required for a proper iron deficiency response. fit1 loss of function plants exhibit severe chlorosis indicative of iron starvation and die at the seedling stage. The ability to rescue this growth phenotype through iron ...
https://libarchive.dartmouth.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/dcdis/id/31564/rec/16
The essential bHLH transcription factor FIT1 regulates iron deficiency responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. :: Dartmouth...The essential bHLH transcription factor FIT1 regulates iron deficiency responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. :: Dartmouth...
In order to preserve a balance between the requirement for iron and its toxicity, plants likely maintain tight control over iron homeostasis. We are interested in identifying factors involved in the regulation of iron uptake and have examined this response in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Work presented in this thesis examines the role of an essential transcription factor that controls iron uptake responses in the Arabidopsis root. Because iron is an essential nutrient for plant and human nutrition, improvements in our understanding of how plants assimilate iron from the soil will have implications for both agriculture and human health. We report the identification of the transcription factor FIT1 ( Fe-deficiency Induced Transcription factor 1 ), which is required for a proper iron deficiency response. fit1 loss of function plants exhibit severe chlorosis indicative of iron starvation and die at the seedling stage. The ability to rescue this growth phenotype through iron ...
http://libarchive.dartmouth.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/dcdis/id/31564/rec/31
Toxicity Associated with Iron - Renal and Urology NewsToxicity Associated with Iron - Renal and Urology News
Several additional nonspecific studies may correlate with toxic clinical course, including elevated serum glucose (,150 mcg/dL) and leukocytosis (,15,000/mm3), but these tests are not sensitive or specific enough to have clinical utility.. In iron toxicity, iron exceeds total iron binding capacity (TIBC); however, measurement of TIBC and the ratio of iron to TIBC are not recommended because of limitations in the methodology. In the TIBC assay, excess iron is added to serum to bind all available iron-binding sites. Then excess unbound iron is removed by an absorbent material prior to measurement of bound iron. In the presence of excess endogenous iron, this material may be insufficient to remove all iron, leading to a false increase in TIBC.. DFO binds free iron, creating ferrioxamine, which is excreted in urine. Urine containing ferrioxamine may be brick orange or vin rose color. DFO challenge tests consist of administering an intramuscular dose of DFO and using the appearance of a vin rose ...
https://www.renalandurologynews.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/labmed/toxicity-associated-with-iron/
HEPCIDIN HORMONE TAKING PART IN THE REGULATION OF IRON METABOLISM IN THE BODY | Kwartalnik PBKHEPCIDIN HORMONE TAKING PART IN THE REGULATION OF IRON METABOLISM IN THE BODY | Kwartalnik PBK
Hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide mainly sythesized in hepatocytes and released into circulation as a prohormone. Recent evidence shows that hepcidin is the hormone regulating of iron homeostasis in the body. The lack of the hepcidin expression results in iron overload and overexpression of the hepcidin has been associated with iron deficiency anemia. The synthesis of the hepcidin is stimu- lated by high iron diet or inflammation and it is decreased by low iron diet, anemia or hypoxia. Evidence indicates that hepcidin is the negative regulator of iron absorption and iron release from macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system. The relationship between iron and hepcidin is disrupted in patients with hemochromatosis and anemia of chronic disease. The exact understanding the role of the hepcidin could lead to new therapies for disorders of the iron metabolism.. ...
https://pbkom.eu/en/content/hepcidin-%C2%96-hormone-taking-part-regulation-iron-metabolism-body
Hemoglobin and iron status in mothers and their babies at delivery - Virtual Health Sciences Library
Of the mothers, we classified 10 [5%] as having iron deficiency anaemia. The haemoglobin concentration and MCV were higher in the neonates than in their mothers but the MCHC was no different. Serum iron was much higher and total iron binding capacity much lower in the babies whose transferrin saturation was 72% compared with 14% for their mothers. There was a weak relationship between maternal and neonatal haemoglobin concentration and a direct relationship between fetal and maternal serum iron, but no relationship between maternal and fetal serum ferritin concentrations. It is suggested that it is the fetus which largely controls the movement of iron across the placenta with only a little control exerted by maternal serum iron level, and that cord ferritin is not a good indicator of fetal iron stores ...
https://vlibrary.emro.who.int/imemr/hemoglobin-and-iron-status-in-mothers-and-their-babies-at-delivery-2/
Human iron metabolism - WikipediaHuman iron metabolism - Wikipedia
Human iron metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that maintain human homeostasis of iron at both the systemic and cellular level. The control of this necessary but potentially toxic metal is an important part of many aspects of human health and disease. Hematologists have been especially interested in systemic iron metabolism because iron is essential for red blood cells, where most of the human bodys iron is contained. Understanding iron metabolism is also important for understanding diseases of iron overload, such as hereditary hemochromatosis, and iron deficiency, such as iron deficiency anemia. Iron is an essential bioelement for most forms of life, from bacteria to mammals. Its importance lies in its ability to mediate electron transfer. In the ferrous state, iron acts as an electron donor, while in the ferric state it acts as an acceptor. Thus, iron plays a vital role in the catalysis of enzymatic reactions that involve electron transfer (reduction and oxidation, redox). Proteins ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism
Prevalence of iron deficiency in male elite athletes - Biomedical Human Kinetics - Volume 1 (2009) - PSJD - Yadda
Study aim: To assess the prevalence of iron deficiency in competitive male athletes.Material and methods: In total, 90 elite athletes practicing judo, rowing, pentathlon, volleyball, kayaking and biathlon, aged 16-33 years, were studied. Blood morphology indices: haemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell count (RBC), leucocyte count (WBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were determined. The concentrations of ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and iron, as well as total iron binding capacity (TIBC), were determined in serum. Additionally, erythropoietin (EPO) was assayed in subjects with elevated sTfR levels.Results: In no case iron-deficiency anaemia was found, but in 43% of subjects iron deficiency was detected. This included first stage of iron deficiency (iron depletion; ID) in 13% of subjects (ferritin ,20 μg/L), and iron-deficient erythropoiesis (IDE) in 30% of ...
http://psjd.icm.edu.pl/psjd/element/bwmeta1.element.-psjd-doi-10_2478_v10101-009-0010-1
Physiology of iron metabolism pdf
Physiology & Pathophysiology Of Iron Metabolism A JASPERS CHU Liège. Iron metabolism Swinkels, Clin Chem Hepcidin Andrews, Blood Hepcidin. Regulation of hepcidin Poli, Front Pharmacol ↗hepcidin if: Inflammation - ↗iron stores. Regulation of hepcidin Kautz, Nat Gen Physiology of Iron Metabolism Transfus Med Hemother ;- teins such as Mb, cytochromes, or other ferroproteins. Only about 3 mg are bound to plasma Tf and constitute the mobile iron compartment which supplies the various intracellular iron stores. Figure 2 presents the main steps of iron metabolism. Bottom Line: Iron Physiology and Pathophysiology in Humans is a collection of state-of-the-art reviews on iron metabolism in health and disease by outstanding experts in the field. For the specialized hepatologist, it is a great resource of up-to-date information on the basics of iron transport, regulation, metabolism, or bran-online.info: Christoph Gasche. PDF , 45 minutes read , A revolution occurred during the last decade in the ...
https://bran-online.info/physiology-of-iron-metabolism-pdf.php
JCI - Effects of maternal iron status on placental and fetal iron homeostasisJCI - Effects of maternal iron status on placental and fetal iron homeostasis
Iron deficiency is common worldwide and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The increasing prevalence of indiscriminate iron supplementation during pregnancy also raises concerns about the potential adverse effects of iron excess. We examined how maternal iron status affects the delivery of iron to the placenta and fetus. Using mouse models, we documented maternal homeostatic mechanisms that protect the placenta and fetus from maternal iron excess. We determined that under physiological conditions or in iron deficiency, fetal and placental hepcidin did not regulate fetal iron endowment. With maternal iron deficiency, critical transporters mediating placental iron uptake (transferrin receptor 1 [TFR1]) and export (ferroportin [FPN]) were strongly regulated. In mice, not only was TFR1 increased, but FPN was surprisingly decreased to preserve placental iron in the face of fetal iron deficiency. In human placentas from pregnancies with mild iron deficiency, TFR1 was increased, but there ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/127341/ga
JCI - Effects of maternal iron status on placental and fetal iron homeostasisJCI - Effects of maternal iron status on placental and fetal iron homeostasis
Iron deficiency is common worldwide and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The increasing prevalence of indiscriminate iron supplementation during pregnancy also raises concerns about the potential adverse effects of iron excess. We examined how maternal iron status affects the delivery of iron to the placenta and fetus. Using mouse models, we documented maternal homeostatic mechanisms that protect the placenta and fetus from maternal iron excess. We determined that under physiological conditions or in iron deficiency, fetal and placental hepcidin did not regulate fetal iron endowment. With maternal iron deficiency, critical transporters mediating placental iron uptake (transferrin receptor 1 [TFR1]) and export (ferroportin [FPN]) were strongly regulated. In mice, not only was TFR1 increased, but FPN was surprisingly decreased to preserve placental iron in the face of fetal iron deficiency. In human placentas from pregnancies with mild iron deficiency, TFR1 was increased, but there ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/127341/figure/7
The Role of Iron and Iron Overload in Chronic Liver Disease | Repozitorij Medicinskog fakulteta Rijeka
The liver plays a major role in iron homeostasis; thus, in patients with chronic liver disease, iron regulation may be disturbed. Higher iron levels are present not only in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, but also in those with alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatitis C viral infection. Chronic liver disease decreases the synthetic functions of the liver, including the production of hepcidin, a key protein in iron metabolism. Lower levels of hepcidin result in iron overload, which leads to iron deposits in the liver and higher levels of non-transferrin-bound iron in the bloodstream. Iron combined with reactive oxygen species leads to an increase in hydroxyl radicals, which are responsible for phospholipid peroxidation, oxidation of amino acid side chains, DNA strain breaks, and protein fragmentation. Iron-induced cellular damage may be prevented by regulating the production of hepcidin or by administering hepcidin agonists. Both of these methods have ...
https://repository.medri.uniri.hr/islandora/object/medri%3A1397
The Role of Iron and Iron Overload in Chronic Liver Disease | Repozitorij Medicinskog fakulteta u Rijeci
The liver plays a major role in iron homeostasis; thus, in patients with chronic liver disease, iron regulation may be disturbed. Higher iron levels are present not only in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, but also in those with alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatitis C viral infection. Chronic liver disease decreases the synthetic functions of the liver, including the production of hepcidin, a key protein in iron metabolism. Lower levels of hepcidin result in iron overload, which leads to iron deposits in the liver and higher levels of non-transferrin-bound iron in the bloodstream. Iron combined with reactive oxygen species leads to an increase in hydroxyl radicals, which are responsible for phospholipid peroxidation, oxidation of amino acid side chains, DNA strain breaks, and protein fragmentation. Iron-induced cellular damage may be prevented by regulating the production of hepcidin or by administering hepcidin agonists. Both of these methods have ...
https://repository.medri.uniri.hr/islandora/object/medri:1397
Host-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis interactome reveals a novel iron assimilation mechanism linked to nitric oxide...Host-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis interactome reveals a novel iron assimilation mechanism linked to nitric oxide...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Host-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis interactome reveals a novel iron assimilation mechanism linked to nitric oxide stress during early infection. AU - Lamont, Elise A. AU - Xu, Wayne W.. AU - Sreevatsan, Srinand. PY - 2013/10/10. Y1 - 2013/10/10. N2 - Background: The initial interaction between host cell and pathogen sets the stage for the ensuing infection and ultimately determine the course of disease. However, there is limited knowledge of the transcripts utilized by host and pathogen and how they may impact one another during this critical step. The purpose of this study was to create a host-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) interactome for early infection in an epithelium-macrophage co-culture system using RNA-seq.Results: Establishment of the host-MAP interactome revealed a novel iron assimilation system for carboxymycobactin. Iron assimilation is linked to nitric oxide synthase-2 production by the host and subsequent nitric oxide buildup. Iron ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/host-mycobacterium-avium-subsp-paratuberculosis-interactome-revea
Iron and Dietary SupplementsIron and Dietary Supplements
Top up your iron levels. The body does not produce iron so iron is provided through dietary intake. Eating an iron-rich diet is the best way to maintain sufficient iron levels. However, there are times when the body has an increased demand for iron or when a persons diet is not able to provide them with all the iron they need. In these cases, an iron supplement can be beneficial.. Spatone® pur-Absorb Iron is a unique 100% natural iron containing water sourced from the Welsh mountains of Snowdonia National Park. Since pur-Absorb has a higher absorption rate than many traditional iron supplements, the right amount of iron can be delivered in a lower, more gentle dose. A lower dose of iron means you are less likely to experience side effects. Its easy. LESS is more. When consuming a lower dose of iron like pur-Absorb, side effects often associated with conventional iron supplements such as constipation, stomach irritation or headaches become far less likely. Each highly absorbable packet of ...
http://www.nelsonsnaturalworld.com/en-us/us/your-health/common-ailments/iron-and-dietary-supplements
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Comparison of Two Doses of Elemental Iron in the Treatment of Latent Iron Deficiency: Efficacy,...Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Comparison of Two Doses of Elemental Iron in the Treatment of Latent Iron Deficiency: Efficacy,...
Adherence to iron supplementation can be compromised due to side effects, and these limit blinding in studies of iron deficiency. No studies have reported an efficacious iron dose that allows participants to remain blinded. This pilot study aimed to determine a ferrous sulfate dose that improves iron stores, while minimising side effects and enabling blinding. A double-blinded RCT was conducted in 32 women (18-35 years): 24 with latent iron deficiency (serum ferritin < 20 µg/L) and 8 iron sufficient controls. Participants with latent iron deficiency were randomised to 60 mg or 80 mg elemental iron or to placebo, for 16 weeks. The iron sufficient control group took placebo. Treatment groups (60 mg n = 7 and 80 mg n = 6) had significantly higher ferritin change scores than placebo groups (iron deficient n = 5 and iron sufficient n = 6), F(1, 23) = 8.46, p ≤ 0.01. Of the 24 who completed the trial, 10 participants (77%) on iron reported side effects, compared with 5 (45%) on placebo, but there were
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/6/4/1394/xml
Do oligodendrocytes mediate iron regulation in the human brain?<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Do oligodendrocytes mediate iron regulation in the human brain?. AU - Gerber, Megan R.. AU - Connor, James R.. PY - 1989/7. Y1 - 1989/7. N2 - We used immunohistochemical studies to demonstrate that transferrin (the iron mobilization protein) and ferritin (the iron storage protein) are specifically localized in oligodendrocytes in gray and white matter of the human central nervous system. In addition, iron is also localized predominantly in oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes have been well established as the cells responsible for myelin production in the central nervous system. The results of this study suggest that oligodendrocytes (or a subpopulation of oligodendrocytes) might have the additional function of mediating iron mobilization and storage in the central nervous system.. AB - We used immunohistochemical studies to demonstrate that transferrin (the iron mobilization protein) and ferritin (the iron storage protein) are specifically localized in oligodendrocytes in gray and ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/do-oligodendrocytes-mediate-iron-regulation-in-the-human-brain
Serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, unbound iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation, serum copper, and hematological...Serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, unbound iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation, serum copper, and hematological...
The aim of this study was to investigate serum iron parameters, and copper and iron deficiency anemia in ewes infected with gastro- intestinal parasites. This study was conducted with 60 pregnant Akkaraman ewes. In the statistical analyses, values obtained from both parasite infected and uninfected ewes were compared. Significant decreases were observed in PCV (P < 0.05), Hb (P < 0.05), RBC (P < 0.05), total protein (P < 0.05), albumin (P < 0.05), globulin (P < 0.05), and MCHC (P < 0.01), and a significant increase was seen in the WBC value (P < 0.05) in the parasite infected group. Furthermore, the parasite infected group had lower serum Fe (P < 0.001), TS % (P < 0.001), and serum Cu (P < 0.01) levels, and had higher UIBC values (P < 0.05) compared to the values obtain from the uninfected group. Therefore, in addition to antiparasite drug treatment in parasite infected pregnant ewes, iron preparations should also be administered in order to treat iron deficiency. ...
https://avesis.yyu.edu.tr/yayin/e66fc6c1-9013-4e14-b0da-68c5a2fc24fc/serum-iron-total-iron-binding-capacity-unbound-iron-binding-capacity-transferrin-saturation-serum-copper-and-hematological-parameters-in-pregnant-akkaraman-ewes-infected-with-gastro-intestinal-parasites
Leicester Research Archive: The CaCTR1 gene is required for high-affinity iron uptake and is transcriptionally controlled by a...
The ability of Candida albicans to acquire iron from the hostile environment of the host is known to be necessary for virulence and appears to be achieved using a similar system to that described for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In S. cerevisiae, high-affinity iron uptake is dependent upon the acquisition of copper. The authors have previously identified a C. albicans gene (CaCTR1) that encodes a copper transporter. Deletion of this gene results in a mutant strain that grows predominantly as pseudohyphae and displays aberrant morphology in low-copper conditions. This paper demonstrates that invasive growth by C. albicans is induced by low-copper conditions and that this is augmented in a Cactr1-null strain. It also shows that deletion of CaCTR1 results in defective iron uptake. In S. cerevisiae, genes that facilitate high-affinity copper uptake are controlled by a copper-sensing transactivator, ScMac1p. The authors have now identified a C. albicans gene (CaMAC1) that encodes a copper-sensing ...
https://lra.le.ac.uk/handle/2381/15502
Physiological modulation of iron metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed low and high iron diets | Journal of...Physiological modulation of iron metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed low and high iron diets | Journal of...
Iron is an essential element that has a number of fundamental roles in cellular biochemistry and metabolism. These include oxygen binding to heme proteins and the formation of active centres in enzymes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (De Silva et al., 1996; Aisen et al., 2001). Iron can also vary its redox state and can be rapidly oxidised from Fe2+ to Fe3+ (ferrous to ferric iron) in the presence of oxygen. This reaction generates the superoxide anion, which through a series of redox reactions leads to the generation of toxic hydroxyl radicals (the Haber-Weiss reactions; De Silva et al., 1996; Aisen et al., 2001). Thus iron can be both toxic and beneficial to organisms, and iron status in the body must be carefully regulated to provide sufficient iron for biological functions, whilst avoiding excess Fe2+ which can lead to oxidative stress.. Fish acquire iron predominantly from the diet, and with negligible iron uptake at the gills compared with the gut (Andersen, 1997; ...
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/207/1/75.full
iron table - Deutsch Übersetzung - Englisch Beispiele | Reverso Context
Iron III oxide mixed with aluminium powder can be ignited to create a thermite reaction , used in welding large iron parts like rails and purifying ores.. Iron III oxide and oxyhidroxide are used as reddish and ocher pigments. Iron III chloride finds use in water purification and sewage treatment , in the dyeing of cloth, as a coloring agent in paints, as an additive in animal feed, and as an etchant for copper in the manufacture of printed circuit boards.. Iron II sulfate is used as a precursor to other iron compounds. It is also used to reduce chromate in cement. It is used to fortify foods and treat iron deficiency anemia.. Iron III sulfate is used in settling minute sewage particles in tank water. Iron II chloride is used as a reducing flocculating agent, in the formation of iron complexes and magnetic iron oxides, and as a reducing agent in organic synthesis.. Iron is required for life. Iron-containing proteins participate in transport, storage and used of oxygen. Examples of ...
https://gastabudets.se/casino-online-free-movie/iron-table.php
IRON NUTRITION DURING EARLY CHILDHOOD. Factors influencing iron status and iron intake.IRON NUTRITION DURING EARLY CHILDHOOD. Factors influencing iron status and iron intake.
phdthesis{4e5591f6-d860-4167-ad67-9f7db4a461e7, abstract = {The overall aim of this thesis was to describe the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and factors influencing iron status and iron intake among otherwise healthy children. The specific aim in paper I+II was to describe the prevalence of ID among 2 ½-year-old children in relation to intake of cows milk and follow-on formula. The design in the first two papers were cross-sectional and 367 2 ½-year-old children participated. Data collection included blood samples in order to determine the childs iron status and the parents were asked to estimate the childs intake of cows milk and follow-on formula. The results showed that ten percent of the children were iron deficient, with or without anaemia, and received iron treatment. Transferrin receptor levels were measured and 14% had elevated levels indicating an iron need in the cell. The intake of cows milk was significantly higher among children with iron deficiency than among those with ...
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/4e5591f6-d860-4167-ad67-9f7db4a461e7
Low serum iron levels are associated with elevated plasma levels of coagulation factor VIII and pulmonary emboli/deep venous...Low serum iron levels are associated with elevated plasma levels of coagulation factor VIII and pulmonary emboli/deep venous...
Elevated plasma levels of FVIII are emerging as one of the strongest risk factors for VTE in the general population.5 6 In health, genetic determinants of FVIII levels are primarily dependent on levels of its carrier protein vWF.7 The key findings from the current study are the identification of low serum iron levels as a potentially reversible biomarker for high FVIII levels and clinical VTE. These associations appear to operate independently to levels of vWF, or the inflammatory precipitants that are known to be associated with elevated FVIII and thromboembolic risk. Although the data were obtained in a specific patient group, they are supported by limited data from the general population literature that link iron deficiency or haemorrhage-associated anaemia with venous thromboses.18-20. The major strength of our study was the consistent timing of blood samples to late afternoon or lunchtime, capturing the time of daytime peaks of serum iron and TfSI (online supplementary figure 1). This is ...
http://thorax.bmj.com/content/67/4/328
Serum lipid and lipoprotein profile in children with iron deficiency anemia | AVESİSSerum lipid and lipoprotein profile in children with iron deficiency anemia | AVESİS
Background: A close association has been found between serum lipoprotein abnormalities and the risk of atherosclerosis. In adults, high stored body iron, high serum iron concentrations and low iron binding capacity were found to be risk factors for coronary heart disease. Iron-deficient diets have caused contradictory lipid changes in rats. This report investigates the relationships between iron deficiency, macronutrient intake and the serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles in children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). ...
https://avesis.bezmialem.edu.tr/yayin/76644dec-8e62-4bf7-9fa9-acfa7a040875/serum-lipid-and-lipoprotein-profile-in-children-with-iron-deficiency-anemia
Genetic Determinants for Body Iron Store and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in US Men and WomenGenetic Determinants for Body Iron Store and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in US Men and Women
Background: High body iron store has been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D); it remains unknown whether the genetic variants related to body iron status affect T2D risk. We aimed at comprehensively investigating the associations between the genetic variants related to body iron status and the T2D risk. Methodology/Principal Findings Six common SNPs related to body iron status from recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies were determined in the Nurses Health Study (NHS; 1,467 diabetic cases and 1,754 controls) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; 1,124, diabetic cases and 1,298 controls). Plasma levels of ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and transferrin were measured in NHS. Significant associations were observed for loci in TPMRSS6 with sTfR (P = 3.47×10−6), TF with transferrin (P = 0.0002 to 1.72×10−10); and HFE with ferritin (P = 0.017 to 1.6×10−8), sTfR (P = 0.007 to 7.9×10−6), and transferrin (P = 0.006 to 0.0007). The ...
https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/10054141
Increased serum hepcidin and alterations in blood iron parameters associated with asymptomatic P. falciparum and P. vivax...Increased serum hepcidin and alterations in blood iron parameters associated with asymptomatic P. falciparum and P. vivax...
Are these mildly elevated hepcidin concentrations functionally important, i.e. do they reduce the availability of iron for erythropoiesis? We recently showed in an experimental human malaria model that even a mild increase in serum hepcidin, to concentrations in the range of those observed in the current study, induces hypoferremia and a steep fall in the hemoglobin content of reticulocytes, which is suggestive of impaired iron incorporation in hemoglobin.12 Moreover, the lower values of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation in children with asymptomatic parasitemia also support the presence of functional iron deficiency. Since asymptomatic P. falciparum and P. vivax parasitemia are chronic and relapsing conditions, a possible delocalization of iron with iron retention in monocytes/macrophages may theoretically increase the risk of anemia and of infections with intracellular bacteria (e.g. Salmonella and Mycobacteria spp.), which are extremely ...
http://www.haematologica.org/content/95/7/1068
Hemolysis Is Responsible for Elevation of Serum Iron Concentration After Regular Exercises in Judo Athletes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hemolysis Is Responsible for Elevation of Serum Iron Concentration After Regular Exercises in Judo Athletes. AU - Nishiie-Yano, Rina. AU - Hirayama, Satoshi. AU - Tamura, Masahiro. AU - Kanemochi, Takumi. AU - Ueno, Tsuyoshi. AU - Hirayama, Akiko. AU - Hori, Atsushi. AU - Ai, Tomohiko. AU - Hirose, Nobuyoshi. AU - Miida, Takashi. PY - 2020/9/1. Y1 - 2020/9/1. N2 - Serum iron concentration increases in marathon athletes after running due to mechanical destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis). This study was performed to examine whether serum iron concentration increases after regular Judo exercise, and if so, whether such post-exercise iron increase is caused by hemolysis. We examined biochemical parameters related to red blood cell and iron metabolism in 16 male competitive Judo athletes before and after traditional exercise training composed of basic movements and freestyle matchup. The parameters were adjusted for changes in plasma volume based on simultaneously measured ...
https://indiana.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/hemolysis-is-responsible-for-elevation-of-serum-iron-concentratio
iron ore concentrate companies manufacturing equipments
Iron Ore Equipment Manufacturers In China Vale Iron Ore, Dalian Iron Ore, China Iron Ore Import 2018 Grade, 2018 China Iron Ore Import Distribution, Iron Ore Chart, Beijing Iron Ore, Iron Ore Loading, Real Iron Ore, India Port Iron Ore, Indian Iron Ore, Raw Iron Ore, Global and Chinese Iron Ore Output, Iron Ore Mining, Iron Ore Shipping, Australia Iron Ore, China Iron Ore Import 62, Iron Ore ...
https://alpha2000.be/23573/06/2016.html
Iron Absortpion In Pregnant And Non-Pregnant Women And Mechanisms Of Placental Iron TransferIron Absortpion In Pregnant And Non-Pregnant Women And Mechanisms Of Placental Iron Transfer
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutrient deficiency in the world , with highest rates in pregnant women and young children. Despite the magnitude and severity of iron deficiency, there remains gaps in our knowledge of iron metabolism. Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron homeostasis yet limited data is available on its role during pregnancy. Although our knowledge of non-heme iron metabolism has increased substantially in recent years, the mechanisms regulating heme iron metabolism remain elusive. The overall goal o f this research is to further understand the primary determinants of iron absorption and placental iron transfer in women of childbearing age. To address these issues stable iron isotopes (57Fe and 58Fe) were used to measure iron absorption in non-pregnant (ages 18-32 years, n = 30) and pregnant (ages 16-32 years, n = 20) subjects and placental iron transfer in pregnant women. Nonheme iron absorption was inversely associated with iron status and serum hepcidin. However, heme ...
https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/33570
Increase in bleomycin-detectable iron in ischaemia/reperfusion injury to rat kidneys | Biochemical JournalIncrease in bleomycin-detectable iron in ischaemia/reperfusion injury to rat kidneys | Biochemical Journal
Iron has been shown to be important in ischaemic, immune and toxic forms of tissue injury in various organs. Although it is generally accepted that iron participates in the generation of powerful oxidant species (e.g. hydroxyl radicals) there has not been any direct evidence that iron capable of catalysing free-radical reactions is increased in tissues in these models of injury. In the present study we demonstrate that ischaemia/reperfusion injury to the kidney results in no significant change in total, nonhaem or ferritin iron levels, but there is a marked and specific increase in bleomycin-detectable iron (capable of catalysing free-radical reactions) in the kidney. The increase in bleomycin-detectable iron is observed only after reperfusion but not during the ischaemic period. In a separate study we demonstrate that despite a drastic reduction in the iron content in the kidney, as a result of feeding an iron-deficient diet, there is a similar and a marked increase in the bleomycin-detectable ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/291/3/901
Causes of iron deficiency anaemia - Irelands Health ServiceCauses of iron deficiency anaemia - Irelands Health Service
Iron is found in meat, dried fruit and some vegetables. It is used by the body to make haemoglobin, which helps store and carry oxygen in red blood cells (see box, left). Haemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. If there is a lack of iron in the blood, the organs and tissues will not get as much oxygen as they usually do.. How common is iron deficiency anaemia?. Iron deficiency anaemia affects up to 1 in 20 men and 1 in 20 post-menopausal women (after a womans menstrual periods have stopped). Iron deficiency anaemia is more common in women who are still menstruating (having periods). This is because menstruation and pregnancy can cause iron deficiency. Outlook. Treatment for iron deficiency anaemia involves increasing dietary iron intake or taking iron supplements to replace the missing iron in the body. This is usually very effective and the condition rarely causes any serious complications. If you have iron deficiency anaemia, you may need to be monitored to check ...
http://www.hse.ie/eng/health/az/A/Anaemia,-iron-deficiency/Causes-of-iron-deficiency-anaemia.html
Abstract 18760: mTOR Regulates Cellular Iron Homeostasis and Modulates Cell Viability In Iron-Deficient Conditions. |...Abstract 18760: mTOR Regulates Cellular Iron Homeostasis and Modulates Cell Viability In Iron-Deficient Conditions. |...
Background: Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a central sensor of nutrient availability and cellular stress and is implicated in carcinogenesis and acceleration of aging. Since iron is a required nutritional element, we assessed the role of mTOR in regulation of cellular iron homeostasis.. Methods and Results: To determine whether mTOR regulates iron homeostasis, we analyzed the expression of genes necessary for cellular iron uptake, storage, mitochondrial handling and export with mTOR modulation. Pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin decreased expression of several iron-regulatory genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and led to accumulation of heme and non-heme iron in H9C2 cardiac myoblasts. Constitutive activation of mTOR by genetic ablation of its inhibitor in TSC2−/− MEFs enhanced the expression of the above genes and decreased cellular iron content; both findings were reversible with rapamycin treatment. To study the mechanism of iron regulation by mTOR, we ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/122/Suppl_21/A18760
Iron nutritional status among female Universiti Malaysia Sabah(UMS) students - UMS INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORYIron nutritional status among female Universiti Malaysia Sabah(UMS) students - UMS INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORY
The objectives of the present study were to determine iron nutritional status among female Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) students and the differences in dietary iron intake between respondents with and without anaemia. A total of 436 female UMS students of aged 19-26 years were recruited in this study. Iron nutritional status was determined by measuring haemoglobin concentration via gravimetric technique while dietary intake data was obtained through semi-quantitative questionnaire (FFQ) modified from Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS) 2003. Anaemia was determined using a single biochemical lndicator, which was Hb,12.5g/dL. Prevalence of anaemia was 50.5% in the present study, which was higher than the estimated global prevalence of 30.2%. Most anaemic female students (n=207,94.1%) were unaware they had Hb,12.5g/dL prior to this study. Malays recorded the highest prevalence of anaemia (53.40%), followed by Kadazans (50.8%) and Chinese (44.5%). The mean dietary iron intake of ...
http://eprints.ums.edu.my/13150/
kolkata equipment needed for mining iron ore | WARSZAWA Jaw Crusher
MINING: We have been trading in iron ore/ clinkers coal and other universal products for a long time. We are supplying iron ore to most of the Sponge Iron and Mini Blast furnaces plants lo ed in eastern and central India. We are also supplying iron orekolkata how is iron ore mined and processing,Iron ores in the form of hematite ferrous oxide and magnetite are removed from the earth through mining. The use of heavy mining equipment is necessary to dig out large pits in an area with a large deposit of iron ore; however, because iron does not occur naturally, it is necessary to use a blast furnace to separate or refine iron from the other substances in the iron ore. From ore to steel,What Equipment Is Needed For Iron Ore Mining,iron ore mining equipment is usually divided into steel by use pig iron, foundry pig, Iron and steel products are widely used in various sectors of the national... Read more. Iron - How Products Are Made. Iron ore is converted into various types of iron through several ...
https://koszenietrawy-warszawa.pl/OyScooAqEB1lIPfWEo1d.html
A simple, highly sensitive and improved method for the measurement of bleomycin-detectable iron: the catalytic iron index and...A simple, highly sensitive and improved method for the measurement of bleomycin-detectable iron: the catalytic iron index and...
In the presence of ferrous ions (Fe2+), the anti-tumour agent bleomycin will induce DNA degradation. Degradation of DNA into substances detectable by the thiobarbituric acid test has been used previously for the detection of iron in a form that is capable of catalysing the formation of the potentially harmful hydroxyl free radical. In the present paper, we describe the application of the ethidium-binding assay of DNA damage to the measurement of bleomycin-detectable iron, comparing its performance with the conventional method in the assessment of iron standard solutions and plasma samples from haemochromatosis patients. The ethidium-binding assay proved to be more responsive than the thiobarbituric acid test in the detection of DNA damage induced by very low concentrations of iron, but became saturated at higher iron concentrations. Agreement between the two versions of the assay in the identification of plasma samples containing bleomycin-detectable iron was good, but agreement on the actual ...
http://www.clinsci.org/content/100/3/239
Influence of iron-limited continuous culture on physiology and virulence of Legionella pneumophila. | Infection and ImmunityInfluence of iron-limited continuous culture on physiology and virulence of Legionella pneumophila. | Infection and Immunity
A virulent strain of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, subgroup Pontiac, was grown in continuous culture at a constant growth rate under iron-replete and iron-limited conditions. Iron limitation was achieved by the removal of ferrous sulfate and hemin from the chemically defined medium. Residual contaminating iron, 0.45 microM, was sufficient to support iron-limited growth. Typical iron-replete cultures metabolized 3.3 microM iron. Serine provided the principal source of carbon and energy for both cultures, although iron-replete cultures also depleted a number of other amino acids. There was a 40% decrease in culture biomass under iron-restricted conditions. Iron limitation did not significantly affect carbohydrate metabolism, with the molar growth yield for carbon (Ycarbon) comparable for both cultures. However, under iron-limited conditions a sixfold increase in Yiron correlated with a significant decrease in the iron content of the biomass, as the culture utilized the available iron more ...
https://iai.asm.org/content/63/11/4224
What Are the Different Iron Deficiency Anemia Treatments? - Natural Home Remedies & Supplements
Iron deficiency anemia treatment is usually very simple. One of the most common iron deficiency anemia treatments is to take an iron supplement. The supplement will increase the amount of iron in the body and feed it to the hemoglobin. More hemoglobin will produce and it will work properly. This will allow the red blood cells to transport the oxygen throughout the body. Another iron deficiency anemia treatment is change in diet. Adding some iron-rich food will help your iron level increase. Red meat, eggs, leafy greens and beans are examples of food that have a high amount of iron in it. In some cases, you may experience blood loss caused by the disorder. If this is the case, the only iron deficiency anemia treatment that will completely work is a blood transfusion. Doctors do not like to perform these and only use them in severe cases, but sometimes they are needed. The transfusion will replace the blood loss and in doing so, will give the body a sufficient amount of healthy red blood cells. ...
http://www.natural-homeremedies.com/iron-deficiency-anemia-treatments/
Products From Iron Ore Seperation
Products Of Iron Ore Separation - . Products Of Iron Ore Separation. 2012-7-13maximizing the recovery of fine iron ore using magnetic separation most iron ore operations that require beneficiation of rom ore to produce lump, fine sinter, and pelletizing concentrate iron ore products will discard a slimes fraction to final tailingshis fraction can vary in particle size from 200 m down to 10 m.2012-7-13maximizing the recovery of fine iron ore using magnetic separation most iron ore operations that require beneficiation of rom ore to produce lump, fine sinter, and pelletizing concentrate iron ore products will discard a slimes fraction to final tailingshis fraction can.Dec 17, 2020 Iron ore beneficiation technology and process. 12-17-20 375 Views icon 0 . Iron ore is one of the important raw materials for the production of pig iron and steel in the iron and steel industry. There are many types of iron ore. According to the magnetic properties of the ore, it is mainly divided into strong magnetism ...
https://pixcels.fr/18935/products-from-iron-ore-seperation.html
Siderophore Biosynthesis But Not Reductive Iron Assimilation Is Essential for Aspergillus fumigatus Virulence | JEMSiderophore Biosynthesis But Not Reductive Iron Assimilation Is Essential for Aspergillus fumigatus Virulence | JEM
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common airborne fungal pathogen of humans, causing life-threatening invasive disease in immunocompromised patients. The limitations of therapeutic intervention are reflected in mortality rates, dependent primarily on the immune status of the host, of up to 90% (1, 2). The importance of the host immune status has been underlined by the lack of identified specific virulence attributes in A. fumigatus (1, 3-6). Limiting access to essential nutrients is an often overlooked aspect of innate immunity (7). Iron is essential for most organisms, suggesting that its acquisition in vivo may be required for A. fumigatus to cause disease (8-10). Iron uptake systems are often required for bacterial and yeast virulence (11, 12).. Fungi have evolved various strategies, often used in parallel, to acquire iron. These include two high affinity uptake mechanisms, reductive iron assimilation, and siderophore-assisted iron mobilization (8-10). Siderophores are low molecular mass, ...
http://jem.rupress.org/content/200/9/1213
Iron Deficiency Anemia - symptoms, average, Definition, Description, Causes and symptoms, Demographics, DiagnosisIron Deficiency Anemia - symptoms, average, Definition, Description, Causes and symptoms, Demographics, Diagnosis
Iron is an essential component of the production of healthy RBCs, and iron stores must be maintained for the ongoing production of RBCs by the bone marrow. Iron deficiency anemia can develop as a result of depleted iron stores from chronic blood loss, increased demands for iron as seen in periods of growth (e.g., in infancy and adolescence ), or malabsorption of iron even when foods or supplements are supplying adequate amounts. It is accepted that iron is hard to absorb; this, in combination with diets that may not meet daily requirements, is a common route to iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Iron can also be lost through strenuous exercise and heavy perspiration, poor digestion, frequent consumption of antacids, long-term illness, heavy menstrual cycles, and other causes. Infancy is a period of increased risk for iron deficiency because dietary iron may not be adequate for the rapid growth of the child in the first two years of life, an example of increased demand. The human infant ...
http://www.healthofchildren.com/I-K/Iron-Deficiency-Anemia.html
Massive Iron Deposit Assessment - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govMassive Iron Deposit Assessment - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Iron overload is a severe complication of multiple blood transfusions. As the body has no physiologic mechanism for clearing iron, repeated transfusions cause iron accumulation in organs and lead to iron toxicity. Accurate assessment of iron overload is paramount to quantify excessive iron accumulation and to monitor response to iron chelation therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods have been used to noninvasively measure hepatic iron concentration (HIC). Although MRI-based measurements of transverse relaxation rates (R2 and R2*) accurately predict biopsy-proven HICs below 15 mg Fe/g, previous studies have shown that their precision is limited for HICs above 15 mg Fe/g and inaccurate above 25 mg Fe/g. Current R2* gradient-echo (GRE) MR techniques fail occasionally for very high iron overloads (HIC ~ 15-25 mg Fe/g) and always for massive iron overloads (HIC , 25 mg Fe/g) because R2* is so high that the MR signal decays before it can be measured accurately.. Overall accrual: 235 (200 ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01572922?term=Thalassemias&recr=Open&fund=01&rank=8
Transferrin saturation, plasma iron turnover, and transferrin uptake in normal humans | Blood | American Society of HematologyTransferrin saturation, plasma iron turnover, and transferrin uptake in normal humans | Blood | American Society of Hematology
Abstract. The relationship between plasma iron, transferrin saturation, and plasma iron turnover was studied in 53 normal subjects whose transferrin saturation
https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/66/4/935/164590/Transferrin-saturation-plasma-iron-turnover-and
Iron deficiency / Anaemia in pregnancy - MaltoferIron deficiency / Anaemia in pregnancy - Maltofer
If your iron levels get particularly low, you can develop iron deficiency anaemia. This is when you dont have enough iron for your body to make enough fully working red blood cells to carry the normal amounts of oxygen around your body. Having iron deficiency anaemia can affect your pregnancy and the growth of your baby,3 and you will likely be checked for anaemia as part of your normal pregnancy screening tests.. Signs that you may have low iron levels and/or iron deficiency anaemia, include feeling listless or washed out, looking pale or feeling breathless. Cravings are often joked about during pregnancy - dashing out for ice-cream in the middle of the night or a never ending desire for pickled onions. But having iron deficiency anaemia can also cause you to crave strange things, including ice, or even dirt. If you feel your cravings are becoming unusual, or you think you have any of the other signs of iron deficiency such as faintness or feeling fatigued4, you should talk to your doctor who ...
https://www.maltofer.com.au/iron-deficiency-anaemia-in-pregnancy/
Hemochromatosis protein (HFE) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) influence tissue iron levels: Elements of a common...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hemochromatosis protein (HFE) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) influence tissue iron levels. T2 - Elements of a common gut pathway?. AU - Meyer, Paul N.. AU - Gerhard, Glenn S.. AU - Yoshida, Yukinori. AU - Yoshida, Mika. AU - Chorney, Karen A.. AU - Beard, John. AU - Kauffman, Elizabeth J.. AU - Weiss, Günter. AU - Chorney, Michael J.. PY - 2002/1/1. Y1 - 2002/1/1. N2 - Quantitative genetic analysis of hepatic and splenic iron levels in recombinant inbred mice yielded a quantitative trait locus that was found to coincide with the genomic locale encompassing the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 gene (Tnfr2). When fed an iron-enriched diet, mice nullizygous with respect to Tnfr2, but not the Tnfr1 gene, showed a significant increase in splenic non-heme iron levels. This result contrasted with mice deficient in the hemochromatosis protein, HFE, which demonstrated a significant increase in normally high hepatic iron levels, but no change in splenic iron, when fed an ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/hemochromatosis-protein-hfe-and-tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor-2-
Plus itPlus it
Serum ferritin is a sensitive indicator of available iron stores (1), but in certain instances it cannot be used in diagnosis, e.g., in anemias of chronic disease, infections, inflammation, liver disease, and malignancies (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Iron stores may be normal or increased, though accompanied by increased serum ferritin, in anemias of chronic disorders, aplastic anemia, sideroblastic anemia, and chronic hemolytic anemia. Because ferritin is also a positive acute-phase reactant protein that is increased in inflammation (2), serum ferritin concentration is not a reliable index of available iron stores in individuals with chronic diseases. There is no information, however, on whether ferritin can be used as a marker of available iron stores in the anemia of copper deficiency.. Unlike iron-deficiency anemia, in which body iron stores are usually depleted as evidenced by diminished serum ferritin concentrations, anemia of copper deficiency (8)(9)(10) results from increased hepatic iron stores ...
http://clinchem.aaccjnls.org/content/43/8/1457
Healthy Life: Iron Deficiency AnemiaHealthy Life: Iron Deficiency Anemia
Anemia occurs when you have a level of red blood cells (RBCs) in your blood that is lower than normal. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia, and it occurs when your body doesnt have enough of the mineral iron. Your body needs iron to make a protein called hemoglobin. This protein is responsible for carrying oxygen to your bodys tissues, which is essential for your tissues and muscles to function effectively. When there isnt enough iron in your blood stream, the rest of your body cant get the amount of oxygen it needs. In women of childbearing age, the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia is a loss of iron in the blood due to heavy menstruation or pregnancy. A poor diet or certain intestinal diseases that affect how the body absorbs iron can also cause iron deficiency anemia. Doctors normally treat the condition with iron supplements or changes to diet ...
http://livinghealthierlife.blogspot.in/2015/11/iron-deficiency-anemia.html
Iron release and uptake by plant ferritin: effects of pH, reduction and chelation | Biochemical JournalIron release and uptake by plant ferritin: effects of pH, reduction and chelation | Biochemical Journal
Ferritins are iron-storage proteins that accumulate in plastids during seed formation, and also in leaves during senescence or iron overload. Iron release from ferritins occurs during growth of seedlings and greening of plastids. Depending on the concentration of the reducing agent ascorbate, either an overall iron release or uptake by ferritins from iron(III) citrate may occur. We have designed methods to measure these simultaneous and independent uptake and release fluxes. Each individual step of the exchange was studied using different iron chelates and an excess of ligand. It is shown that: (i) the chelated form of iron, and not ionic Fe3+, is the substrate for iron reduction, which controls the subsequent uptake by ferritin; (ii) iron uptake by ferritins is faster at pH 8.4 than at pH 7 or 6 and is inhibited by an excess of strongly binding free ligands; and (iii) strongly binding free ligands are inhibitory during iron release by ascorbate. When reactions are allowed to proceed ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/290/3/693
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MELATONIN AGAINST IRON OVERLOAD-INDUCED TOXICITY IN RATS | International Journal of Pharmacy and...PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MELATONIN AGAINST IRON OVERLOAD-INDUCED TOXICITY IN RATS | International Journal of Pharmacy and...
Objective: Iron overload is a serious, potentially fatal disorder characterized by the deposition of excess iron within tissues leading to functional impairment and reduced life expectancy. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin in protecting rats against iron overload-induced toxicity.. Methods: Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control, iron overload group, melatonin group and iron overload+melatonin group. Rats received ferric hydroxide poly maltose at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (three doses per week) for four weeks through intra peritoneal injections and received the melatonin subcutaneously (10 mg/kg/day) for four weeks.. Results: In iron overloaded rats, the iron status markers: serum, hepatic and renal tissues iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), transferrin and transferrin saturation percentage (TS %) were significantly increased, while a marked decrease in Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC) was ...
https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijpps/article/view/7317
Iron-storage disease - definition of iron-storage disease by The Free DictionaryIron-storage disease - definition of iron-storage disease by The Free Dictionary
Define iron-storage disease. iron-storage disease synonyms, iron-storage disease pronunciation, iron-storage disease translation, English dictionary definition of iron-storage disease. Noun 1. iron-storage disease - pathology in which iron accumulates in the tissues; characterized by bronzed skin and enlarged liver and diabetes mellitus...
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/iron-storage+disease
Hephaestin, a ceruloplasmin homologue implicated in intestinal iron transport, is defective in the sla mouse.Hephaestin, a ceruloplasmin homologue implicated in intestinal iron transport, is defective in the sla mouse.
Vulpe C.D., Kuo Y.M., Murphy T.L., Cowley L., Askwith C., Libina N., Gitschier J., Anderson G.J.. Iron is essential for many cellular functions; consequently, disturbances of iron homeostasis, leading to either iron deficiency or iron overload, can have significant clinical consequences. Despite the clinical prevalence of these disorders, the mechanism by which dietary iron is absorbed into the body is poorly understood. We have identified a key component in intestinal iron transport by study of the sex-linked anaemia (sla) mouse, which has a block in intestinal iron transport. Mice carrying the sla mutation develop moderate to severe microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Although these mice take up iron from the intestinal lumen into mature epithelial cells normally, the subsequent exit of iron into the circulation is diminished. As a result, iron accumulates in enterocytes and is lost during turnover of the intestinal epithelium. Biochemical studies have failed to identify the underlying difference ...
http://www.uniprot.org/citations/9988272
Early Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency in School Children: A Qatari ExperienceEarly Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency in School Children: A Qatari Experience
Objective: Iron deficiency still remains the most common nutritional deficiency throughout the world and is the leading cause of anaemia in children. Early recognition of iron deficiency, even before the development of anaemia is crucial to prevent the systemic complications of this disease. Methods: Ninety-seven school children between 5 and 16 years were stratified into prelatent iron deficiency (10 cases), latent iron deficiency (14 cases), overt iron deficiency anemia (13 cases), and controls (60 cases). All hemograms were performed on the same day of collection using the same Sysmex XE-2100 analyzer with reticulocyte indices included. Biochemical markers such serum iron, total iron binding capacity and percent saturation (calculated) in addition to serum ferritin and serum transferrin receptors were simultaneously measured. Data analysis was done using ANOVA test, generalized linear regression, and ROC curve. Results: Our study indicates that a panel based on hematologic parameters ...
http://qspace.qu.edu.qa/handle/10576/3738
Oxidative Stress Induced by Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles and Fe(II) in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells | Indoor Environment...Oxidative Stress Induced by Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles and Fe(II) in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells | Indoor Environment...
To identify the mechanism through which nanoparticulate zero-valent iron (nZVI; Fe0(s)) damages cells, a series of experiments were conducted in which nZVI in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was exposed to oxygen in the presence and absence of human bronchial epithelial cells. When nZVI is added to PBS, a burst of oxidants is produced as Fe0 and ferrous iron (Fe[II]) are converted to ferric iron (Fe[III]). Cytotoxicity and internal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cells exposed to nZVI is equivalent to the response observed when cells are exposed to the same concentration of dissolved Fe(II). Experiments conducted in the absence of cells indicate that the oxidant produced during Fe(II) oxidation reacts with methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, but not with compounds such as tert-butanol and benzoate that react exclusively with hydroxyl radical. The role of reactive oxidants produced during Fe(II) oxidation in cytotoxicity and internal ROS production is further supported by experiments in ...
https://indoor.lbl.gov/publications/oxidative-stress-induced-zero-valent
hardness of iron ore lumps in genrol
Orissa Iron Ore Craton (SOIOC) hosts major hematite iron ore deposits in eastern India. Noamundi, Joda, Khondbond, Bolani, Barsua, Gua, Kiriburu and Meghataburu are the major deposits in this region. Lumps and fines are in the ratio of 50:50 and the high Received 18 February 2008. Accepted for publication 20 May 2009.Mineralogy of Iron Ores of Different Alumina Levels from ...rite etc. with complex chemical formulae. The main impurities in iron ore are SiO 2, Al 2O 3, S, P, TiO 2, and Na 2O & K 2O. Each steel company has its own blast furnace practice and the impact of these impurities varies accor-dingly. Iron ore is being used for iron and steel production. It is being used in two forms, lump and fines. Thehardness of sand and iron ore - perfect-placeshardness of sand and iron ore chromite ore hardness or you want to get the price of products of crushing grinding sand making etc Iron Chromium Oxide chromite ore hardness Know More hardness of iron ore minerals Iron ore Wikipedia the free ...
https://www.osteriafenicoterro.pl/2021-Aug-hardness-of-iron-ore-lumps-in-genrol-27668
Possible role of membrane gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in the facilitation of transferrin-dependent and -independent iron...Possible role of membrane gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in the facilitation of transferrin-dependent and -independent iron...
The molecular mechanisms by which iron is physiologically transported trough the cellular membranes are still only partially understood. Several studies indicate that a reduction step of ferric iron to ferrous is necessary, both in the case of transferrin-mediated and transferrin-independent iron uptake. Recent studies from our laboratory described gamma-glutamyltransferase activity (GGT) as a factor capable to effect iron reduction in the cell microenvironment. GGT is located on the outer aspect of plasma membrane of most cell types, and is often expressed at high levels in malignant tumors and their metastases. The present study was aimed at verifying the possibility that GGT-mediated iron reduction may participate in the process of cellular iron uptake. Four distinct human tumor cell lines, exhibiting different levels of GGT activity, were studied. The uptake of transferrin-bound iron was investigated by using 55Fe-loaded transferrin, as well as by monitoring fluorimetrically the intracellular iron
https://cancerci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2867-3-7
Non-transferrin-bound iron and protein glycation in type 2 diabetesNon-transferrin-bound iron and protein glycation in type 2 diabetes
Background and Methods The involvement of iron in the risk for, and complications of, type 2 diabetes has generated substantial interest over the past 15 years, initially sparked by an association with raised serum ferritin, and the observation that people with iron overload diseases frequently develop diabetes. Considerable advances have since been made in understanding the effect glucose has on molecules, cells, and tissues; and the role that oxidative stress plays in the development of the pathologies of long-term diabetes. Poorly liganded iron is potentially both a contributor to, and consequence of, these complications. In vitro experiments with glucose-incubated transferrin by earlier workers have demonstrated loss of function with increasing glycation, leading to the suggestion that the failure of this key iron-binding protein may contribute to diabetic pathology, via the presence of redox active non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI). In vitro glycated transferrin is examined here by ...
https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/1181
Degradation of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B by zero-valent iron/activated carbon system in the presence of microwave irradiation...Degradation of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B by zero-valent iron/activated carbon system in the presence of microwave irradiation...
Article Degradation of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B by zero-valent iron/activated carbon system in the presence of microwave irradiation. Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B in aqueous solution could be degraded rapidly by zero-valent iron/activated carbon in...
https://www.environmental-expert.com/articles/degradation-of-reactive-brilliant-red-x-3b-by-zero-valent-iron-activated-carbon-system-in-the-presen-305109
No Functional Difference of the Two Iron-Binding Sites of Human Transferrin in Vitro | Clinical Science | Portland PressNo Functional Difference of the Two Iron-Binding Sites of Human Transferrin in Vitro | Clinical Science | Portland Press
1. According to the Fletcher-Huehns hypothesis there exists a functional difference between the two iron-binding sites of transferrin.. 2. The aim of the study presented was to evaluate this hypothesis in a homogeneous system, with human bone marrow cells and pure human monoferric transferrins A and B.. 3. For this reason normal human bone marrow cells were incubated with human monoferric transferrin. The monoferric transferrins A and B were obtained by selective labelling at different pH of apotransferrin followed by preparative isoelectric focusing in granulated gels. The uptake of iron by the cell suspensions from monoferric transferrins A and B was equal.. 4. In a heterogeneous but more active system for the removal of iron from human transferrin in vitro the two human monoferric transferrins did not show any significant functional differences.. 5. No support for the Fletcher-Huehns hypothesis could be obtained. ...
https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/60/2/185/72975/No-Functional-Difference-of-the-Two-Iron-Binding?redirectedFrom=fulltext
The hyphal-associated adhesin and invasin Als3 of Candida albicans mediates iron acquisition from host ferritin. - Leibniz...The hyphal-associated adhesin and invasin Als3 of Candida albicans mediates iron acquisition from host ferritin. - Leibniz...
Iron sequestration by host iron-binding proteins is an important mechanism of resistance to microbial infections. Inside oral epithelial cells, iron is stored within ferritin, and is therefore not usually accessible to pathogenic microbes. We observed that the ferritin concentration within oral epithelial cells was directly related to their susceptibility to damage by the human pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans. Thus, we hypothesized that host ferritin is used as an iron source by this organism. We found that C. albicans was able to grow on agar at physiological pH with ferritin as the sole source of iron, while the bakers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae could not. A screen of C. albicans mutants lacking components of each of the three known iron acquisition systems revealed that only the reductive pathway is involved in iron utilization from ferritin by this fungus. Additionally, C. albicans hyphae, but not yeast cells, bound ferritin, and this binding was crucial for iron acquisition from ...
https://www.leibniz-hki.de/de/institut-publikationsdetails.html?publication=527
Iron Ore Crushing Washing Plant Flow ChartIron Ore Crushing Washing Plant Flow Chart
Iron ore crusher machine kapasitas. low priron ore sand washing machine manufacturer for iron ore mining process flow chart iron ore mining from the data above can be seen that the south africa iron ore industry is xsd series sand washing machine stone crusher machinecrushing mobile crusher machine for iron ore in india 9122016183 the next video is starting stop loading.Crushing and screening flowsheet. mobile vibrating screen belt conveyer sand washing machine s5x series vibrating screen gf series vibrating feeder ball mill flow chart of gold crusher poultry grit crushing plant lead ore crushing plant in south africa henery draper mirror grinding machine.Iron ore crushing process. very low grade iron ore in large lumps is firstly sized through crushing process. the common crushing machines used in iron ore beneficiation plant are jaw crusher as primary crusher, cone crusher or fine jaw crusher as secondary crusher. the iron ore materials of required size after screening then pass to the wash ...
https://www.iran-pen.org/news/wash-sand-machine/12618.html
Abstract 2005: Effect of Intravenous Iron Sucrose on Exercise Tolerance in Anemic and Non-anemic Patients with Symptomatic...Abstract 2005: Effect of Intravenous Iron Sucrose on Exercise Tolerance in Anemic and Non-anemic Patients with Symptomatic...
Background: Iron deficiency anemia is common in patients (pts) with chronic heart failure (CHF) and associated with exercise intolerance. Iron deficiency may diminish exercise performance even in the absence of anemia. We tested the hypothesis that intravenous (iv) iron supplementation would safely improve exercise tolerance in anemic and non-anemic iron deficient CHF pts.. Methods: We randomly assigned 35 pts with CHF (age 64±13y, 25 male, peak oxygen consumption [pVO2]/kg 14.0±2.7 mL/min/kg, NYHA class II [n=18] / III [n=17], LVEF 30±7% [all ,45%]) and iron deficiency (ferritin ,100 ng/mL or ferritin 100-300 ng/mL with transferrin saturations [TSAT] ,20%) to 16 weeks of iv iron or no treatment in a 2:1 ratio. Randomization was stratified according to hemoglobin levels (,12.5 g/dL vs 12.5-14.5 g/dL) and centre. Treatment comprised of 200 mg iv iron sucrose weekly until iron repletion (repletion dose = weight (kg) × 2.4 × [15 - hemoglobin (g/dL)] + 500 mg) and 200 mg monthly thereafter. The ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/114/Suppl_18/II_403.1
maxicrop: MAXICROP LIQUID SEAWEED PLUS IRON 2% 0.1-0.0-1.0 - GALLON (6/CASE) [718615] - Nutrients & Supplements - Gardening &...maxicrop: MAXICROP LIQUID SEAWEED PLUS IRON 2% 0.1-0.0-1.0 - GALLON (6/CASE) [718615] - Nutrients & Supplements - Gardening &...
maxicrop MAXICROP LIQUID SEAWEED PLUS IRON 2% 0.1-0.0-1.0 - GALLON (6/CASE) Maxicrop Plus Iron MAXICROP PLUS IRON 2% GALLON ( Maxicrop Plus Iron (0.1 - 0.0 - 1.0) For acid loving indoor & outdoor plants. Made from seaweed harvested from the perfect environs of the mineral rich waters of the Norwegian coastline Manufacturers Product Information 2007 MSRP Each $ 22.15 Case Quantity 6 maxicrop: MAXICROP LIQUID SEAWEED PLUS IRON 2% 0.1-0.0-1.0 - GALLON (6/CASE) [718615] - Nutrients & Supplements - Gardening & Hydroponics Store -
http://www.horticulturesource.com/plant-food-nutrients-fertilizers-supplements-primary-secondary-essential-minor-elements-macronutrients-micronutrients-c26/maxicrop-maxicrop-liquid-seaweed-plus-iron-2-0-1-0-0-1-0-gallon-6-case--p116
gwet ball mill for iron oregwet ball mill for iron ore
mineral wet ball mill for iron,Ball mills are used for wet grinding iron ore gold/copper ore nickel ore and other ores as well . Inquiry Online. Cement Ball Mill Grinding In Germany - Mobile Coal Crusher For Hire In Nigeria Cement Crusher Plant The iron occur in Fe-mineral o Silver mining plant Silver is a soft wet ball mill ball grinding ..iron mining wet wet ball mill process | Prominer (Shanghai,Wet Ball Mill For Ore Processing - greenrevolution.org.in. Iron Ore Beneficiation Process.Wet ball mills appli ion: Wet ball mill wet grinding ball mill is a kind of energy-saving ball mill, in industrial production, especially in mineral processing industry, has the most common appli ion of grinding machine..ball mill for grinding iron ore, ball mill for grinding,Grinding Ball Mill For Iron Ore Ball Mill For Grinding Ore Hot Selling High Quality Tungsten Grinding Small Size Wet Ball Mill For Iron Ore US $6000-$69000 / Set 1 Set (Min. Order).Wet Ball Mill For Iron Ore - mayukhportfolio.co.in,Iron Ore Wet
https://www.seo-optimalizace-stranek.cz/event/6057/2021_09_01.html
Iron Deficiency
Iron deficiency is an extremely common problem affecting all age groups including very young children, teenagers and the elderly.. Iron deficiency and its ill effects seem to spare no age group.. Symptoms of iron deficiency can include weakness, fatigue, dizziness, malaise, depression, sleepiness and even recurrent headaches.. A person with iron deficiency may have pale skin and their eyes may look pale without the normal red injection of the blood vessel usually seen.. Problems of iron deficiency can include chronic dizziness, unexplained fainting or loss of consciousness, and even severe headaches. It appears that iron deficiency predisposes to headaches and even sometimes to pseudotumor cerebri or marked brain swelling.. Again, it should be emphasized that iron deficiency is extremely common. This often relates to dietary inadequacy in young children.. In teenagers on a fast-food diet, lack of red meat intake can cause iron deficiency.. Further compounding this problem can be menstrual ...
http://cradamsmd.com/Iron.html
Pathology Associates Of Lexington, P.A.Pathology Associates Of Lexington, P.A.
As a screening test for iron deficiency or chronic total-body iron overload (such as hemochromatosis), an overnight fasting sample is best. If checking for acute iron poisoning, a diagnostic baseline sample taken at any time prior to treatment is optimal. Screening programs to detect iron overload much more frequently identify cases of iron deficiency (low iron)...a situation which demands diagnostic work up without any undue delay (there may be a serious & manageable reason)! An iron profile screen for serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC...STS serum transferrin saturation) gives a result that reflects the percentage iron saturation of the iron-binding sites on the transferrin protein (iron carrier protein). A percentage saturation ,55% is cause to look further for iron overload. This is a much more specific screening test than serum ferritin (many other causes of elevated ferritin especially are a non-fasting sample & also other liver disease, inflammation, recent multiple ...
http://palpath.com/MedicalTestPages/ironfe.htm
Wheat and iron deficiency anemia | Dr. William Davis
Transcript:. Iron deficiency anemia is a fairly common condition, and it can lead to symptoms like being tired all the time, feeling cold, being breathless, because you dont have enough hemoglobin in your bloodstream. Common causes include hemorrhage (obviously if you have a car accident, you injure yourself, you lose a lot of blood), menstrual cycles in females (especially ladies who have a lot of menstrual flow), and grain consumption.. Now why in the world would the consumption of wheat and grains cause iron deficiency anemia? Some of the worst iron deficiency anemias, by the way, Ive ever seen, are in women, oddly mostly women, who consume grains. Ive seen women, for instance, go through blood transfusions, bone marrow biopsies, taking oral prescription iron supplements, getting iron injections, and still cant get their hemoglobin up. But they finally go wheat- and grain-free, and the hemoglobin comes up within two weeks.. Wheat and grain consumption is a very common and powerful cause ...
https://www.wheatbellyblog.com/2019/04/wheat-and-iron-deficiency-anemia/?shared=email&msg=fail
Aco1 - Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase - Rattus norvegicus (Rat) - Aco1 gene & proteinAco1 - Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase - Rattus norvegicus (Rat) - Aco1 gene & protein
Iron sensor. Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster and functions as aconitase when cellular iron levels are high. Functions as mRNA binding protein that regulates uptake, sequestration and utilization of iron when cellular iron levels are low. Binds to iron-responsive elements (IRES) in target mRNA species when iron levels are low. Binding of a 4Fe-4S cluster precludes RNA binding.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q63270
IronIron
... the world's accessible iron ore is located Iron and steel industry Iron cycle Iron nanoparticle Iron-platinum nanoparticle Iron ... Iron forms compounds mainly in the oxidation states +2 (iron(II), "ferrous") and +3 (iron(III), "ferric"). Iron also occurs in ... "Direct iron reduction" reduces iron ore to a ferrous lump called "sponge" iron or "direct" iron that is suitable for ... During the Industrial Revolution in Britain, Henry Cort began refining iron from pig iron to wrought iron (or bar iron) using ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron
Iron SandsIron Sands
The Iron Sands is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period. Earth sciences ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Sands
Iron FeathersIron Feathers
... , 1990 at Will Rogers World Airport Iron Feathers at cultureNOW Iron Feathers - Will Rogers World Airport - ... Iron Feathers is an outdoor 1990 sculpture by Rand Elliott, installed outside Oklahoma City's Will Rogers World Airport, in the ... Oklahoma portal Visual arts portal 1990 in art "Iron Feathers, (sculpture)". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved August 15, 2019 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Feathers
Iron RangeIron Range
169) is an old mining boomtown on the Iron Range, between Buhl and Mountain Iron. Mountain Iron (pop. 2,869) is home to Minntac ... From a geological perspective, Minnesota's Iron Range includes these four major iron deposits: Mesabi Range, the largest iron ... The term Iron Range refers collectively or individually to a number of elongated iron-ore mining districts around Lake Superior ... It is home to the Hull-Rust-Mahoning Open Pit Iron Mine, one of the world's largest open pit iron mines. Hoyt Lakes (pop. 1,888 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Range
Iron overloadIron overload
The human diet contains iron in two forms: heme iron and non-heme iron. Heme iron is the most easily absorbed form of iron. ... People with iron overload may be advised to avoid food that are high in heme iron. Highest in heme iron is red meat such as ... Human iron metabolism Iron deficiency Hsu CC, Senussi NH, Fertrin KY, Kowdley KV (June 2022). "Iron overload disorders". ... Excess parenteral (non-ingested) iron supplements, such as what can acutely happen in iron poisoning Excess dietary iron Some ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_overload
Iron WestIron West
"Iron West", Comic Book Resources, May 17, 2006 Iron West Review, Comics Bulletin Iron West Review, IGN v t e (Articles with ... Iron West is a western steampunk graphic novel by American comic book creator Doug TenNapel. It was published by Image Comics ... Iron West at the Comic Book DB (archived from the original) TenNapel Strikes Gold in " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_West
3-Iron3-Iron
"3-Iron". Sony Pictures Classics. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. 3-Iron at IMDb 3-Iron at Rotten Tomatoes ( ... "3-Iron Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 6 November 2016. Schwartz, Dennis (4 February 2006). "3-Iron (Bin-jip)". Ozus' World ... 3-Iron (Korean: 빈집; RR: Bin-jip; lit. "Empty House") is a 2004 romantic drama film written, produced and directed by Kim Ki-duk ... 3-Iron premiered in competition at the 61st Venice International Film Festival in September 2004, where it was nominated for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Iron
Iron peopleIron people
The Irons (Iron dialect: Ирон - Iron, pl.: Ирæттæ, Ирон адæм - Irættæ, Iron adæm) are a subgroup of the Ossetians. They speak ... The majority of Irons profess Russian Orthodoxy. While the Uatsdin faith has also been preserved by a minority of Irons, and a ... Ossetians North Ossetia-Alania Iron (dialect) v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from ... small minority of Irons also profess Sunni Islam, mainly in the lowland villages of North Ossetia. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_people
Iron ActonIron Acton
The "iron" part of the toponym originates from the iron that used to be mined near the village. "Acton" is derived from the Old ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Iron Acton. IronActonParish.info Acton Court Iron Acton Primary School www.tudorplace. ... "Breaking News - 626 bus route secured to service Iron Acton village - Iron Acton Parish Council". www.ironactonparishcouncil.co ... The manor of Iron Acton was held by the de Acton family, which took its name from the manor, and which expired in the male line ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Acton
Iron BrigadeIron Brigade
Shelby's Iron Brigade was a Confederate cavalry brigade also known as the "Missouri Iron Brigade". The Confederate Iron Brigade ... The Iron Brigade of the West was the unit that received the most lasting publicity in its use of the nickname. The Iron Brigade ... Although this Iron Brigade of the East served in the same infantry division as the Iron Brigade of the West, press attention ... The Iron Brigade, also known as The Black Hats, Black Hat Brigade, Iron Brigade of the West, and originally King's Wisconsin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Brigade
Iron TowerIron Tower
The Iron Tower currently houses the Kunstverein Eisenturm Mainz (Mainz Iron Tower Art Association), which has a nationwide ... Its name derives from the Iron Market (Eisenmarkt), which was held in the immediate vicinity until the 19th century. The Iron ... "Little Iron Door" (Eisentürlein) in a smaller building attached to the tower. In the 18th century, the Iron Tower was enclosed ... The Iron Tower was built in this phase of construction, as one of a total of 34 gate towers and watchtowers. The round-arched ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Tower
Iron GateIron Gate
... , or Iron Gates may refer to: Gates of Alexander, iron gates built by Alexander the Great Iron Gates (Algeria), a pass ... Iron Gate II Hydroelectric Power Station (Romania, Serbia) Iron Gate, one of the Gates of the Temple Mount Iron Gates, a ... Iron-Gate Square (Warsaw) Iron Gate, Virginia, a small town located in Alleghany County, Virginia Iron Gate I Hydroelectric ... "Iron Gate" in Spanish) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Iron Gate. If an internal link led you ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Gate
Iron powderIron powder
... is formed as a whole from several other iron particles. The particle sizes vary anywhere from 20-200 μm. The iron ... There is very little difference in the visual appearances of reduced iron powder and atomized iron powder. Most iron powders ... There are three types of iron powder classifications: reduced iron powder, atomized powder, and electrolytic iron powder. Each ... "What is iron powder?". JFE Steel Corporation. Retrieved 8 January 2014. "Applications of Iron Powder". JFE Steel Corporation. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_powder
Iron MindIron Mind
"Iron Mind sign to Resist". Chucking A Mosh. 9 March 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2013. "Halloween Hardcore W Iron Mind Aus - Mt ... Hebblewhite, Mark (14 January 2014). "Iron Mind Iron Mind". The Music. Retrieved 16 March 2017. "Week Commencing ~ 20th January ... Iron Mind are a hardcore punk band from Melbourne, Australia that began in 2006, originally under the name of 'Hold Up'. The ... Iron Mind toured Australia in 2012 in support of their album, Hell Split Open, alongside Backtrack and Terror. They followed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Mind
Iron ThroneIron Throne
Iron Lady (disambiguation) Iron Lord (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Iron ... Iron Throne may refer to: Iron Throne (A Song of Ice and Fire), the throne of the fictional monarchy of Westeros in the A Song ... Dragons György Dózsa on the iron throne, the 1514 execution of a Hungarian revolutionary Iron Crown (disambiguation) ... the TV adaptation of A Song of Ice and Fire The Iron Throne (Birthright novel), a fantasy novel by Simon Hawke, set in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Throne
Iron MarchIron March
Russell had been among Iron March's most prolific users, having written around 1,500 posts on the site. As a result of the Iron ... most notably the Iron March forum. Iron March became a platform for militant neo-fascist and Neo-Nazi violent groups such as ... it was meant as a replacement for Iron March. The site continued Iron March's virulent propaganda and grew rapidly until ... Iron March was a far-right neo-fascist and neo-Nazi web forum. The site opened in 2011 and attracted neo-fascist and neo-Nazi ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_March
Iron MonkeyIron Monkey
... can refer to: Iron Monkey (1977 film) Iron Monkey (1993 film) Iron Monkey (band) This disambiguation page lists ... articles associated with the title Iron Monkey. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Monkey
Iron FrontIron Front
The Iron Front declined, issued a call on February 2 to "all comrades of the Reichsbanner and the Iron Front", warning against ... the Iron Front planned a march in Kassel, but was hindered by regular police. On May 2, all trade unions, with which the Iron ... The Iron Front was regarded as an anti-communist and "social fascist terror organisation" by the KPD, who regarded the SPD as ... The Iron Front was formed on 16 December 1931 in the Weimar Republic by the Social Democratic Party (SPD), along with the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Front
Charcoal ironCharcoal iron
The smelted iron remains in the furnace for an extended period until much of the iron has converted to tamahagane, a steel ... Charcoal iron is the substance created by the smelting of iron ore with charcoal. All ironmaking blast furnaces were fueled by ... the Wundowie charcoal iron and wood distillation plant produced 52,262 tons of iron in 1960/61. There are still charcoal-based ... In Western Australia, pig iron was made using charcoal between 1948 and 1981 at Wundowie. At its peak, operating two charcoal- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal_iron
Iron FeatherIron Feather
... (アイアンフェザー, Aian Fezā) is a game for the Nintendo DS developed by Konami. Iron Feather received an overall score of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Feather
Iron monosilicideIron monosilicide
... (FeSi) is an intermetallic compound, a silicide of iron that occurs in nature as the rare mineral naquite. It ... Iron compounds, Transition metal silicides, Iron monosilicide structure type). ... As a result of this displacement, an iron atom is about as close to a silicon atom on the same 3-fold axis as to any of the ... The structure is similar to that of sodium chloride, with four iron atoms and four silicon atoms in each unit cell. Whereas in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_monosilicide
Iron surgeonIron surgeon
The iron surgeon was a term coined by Spanish author and regenerationist politician Joaquín Costa after the Crisis of '98. It ... The iron surgeon could be understood as a Spanish version of the Nitzschean ubermensche, and was a product of Costa's ... Costa's ideas were a recurring theme in the writings of Miguel Primo de Rivera, who saw himself as the iron surgeon and ... Costa first proposed the iron surgeon in his 1902 work Oligarchy and Caciquismo as the Current Form of Government in Spain: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_surgeon
Ductile ironDuctile iron
... , also known as ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, spheroidal graphite iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron and ... In ductile irons, graphite is in the form of nodules rather than flakes as in grey iron. Whereas sharp graphite flakes create ... SG iron, is a type of graphite-rich cast iron discovered in 1943 by Keith Millis. While most varieties of cast iron are weak in ... Augustus F. Meehan was awarded a patent in January 1931 for inoculating iron with calcium silicide to produce ductile iron ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ductile_iron
Electrolytic ironElectrolytic iron
... is a form of high purity iron, obtained by electrolysis. It has a high purity greater than 99.95% with trace ... accounts for the top market share of high purity iron in wet type process. The purity of the iron sold is from 99.9% to 99.999 ... and high purity iron can be obtained. TOHO ZINC CO.,LTD. is producing and selling electrolytic iron refined by the wet process ... and other trace element levels to become one of the highest grades of iron on the market known as electrolytic iron. Once the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytic_iron
Iron acetateIron acetate
... can refer to: Ferric acetate (iron(III) acetate), [Fe3O(CH3CO2−)6(H2O)3]CH3CO2− Ferrous acetate (iron(II) acetate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_acetate
Iron planetIron planet
An iron planet is a type of planet that consists primarily of an iron-rich core with little or no mantle. Mercury is the ... Iron is the sixth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, oxygen, carbon, and neon. Iron-rich ... Since water and iron are unstable over geological timescales, wet iron planets in the goldilocks zone may be covered by lakes ... Iron-rich planets are smaller and denser than other types of planets of comparable mass. Such planets would have no plate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_planet
Iron BullIron Bull
... is designed as a pansexual character. If he is pursued as a romantic interest, the Iron Bull will reveal his interest ... The Iron Bull is written by Patrick Weekes; Weekes stuck to movie soundtracks for most of his writing involving the Iron Bull, ... The Iron Bull on the official Dragon Age: Inquisition website Character Kit of the Iron Bull on the official BioWare blog The ... Like most of Inquisition's companions, recruiting the Iron Bull is optional. The Iron Bull may be recruited if the player ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Bull
Iron diplomacyIron diplomacy
"Iron diplomacy" (Ukrainian: залізна дипломатія, romanized: zalizna dyplomatiia) refers to the practice of transporting world ... One of the carriages used in the iron diplomacy program was originally constructed for rich tourists to the Crimean peninsula. ... Recently modernized carriages from the Soviet era have also been used for the iron diplomacy program. Although much of the ... Cumming, Ed (11 April 2022). "The iron will of the railway workers keeping Ukraine running". Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_diplomacy
Oregrounds ironOregrounds iron
Iron made there by this method was known in England as oregrounds iron. Swedish law required bars of iron to have the forge's ... Oregrounds iron was a grade of iron that was regarded as the best grade available in 18th century England. The term was derived ... Oregrounds iron is the equivalent of the Swedish vallonjärn, which literally translates as Walloon iron. The Swedish name ... Forsmark and Walloon iron] (Sweden 1987) P. W. King, 'The Cartel in Oregrounds Iron' Journal of Industrial History 6(1) (2003 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregrounds_iron
Iron ChicIron Chic
"Iron Chic You Can't Stay Here". Exclaim.ca. Retrieved 11 July 2018. "Music: Iron Chic and Toys That Kill to release split LP". ... "Iron Chic Fights Grief With Riffs On 'You Can't Stay Here'". Uproxx.com. 28 September 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2018. "Iron Chic ... "Iron Chic, Toys That Kill - Iron Chic / Toys That Kill Split". Discogs.com. Retrieved 22 September 2020. "Petal Head". Btrtoday ... "Iron Chic: The Constant One Album Review - Pitchfork". Pitchfork.com. Retrieved 14 November 2017. "Iron Chic - Not Like Thisp ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Chic
Data & Records Management | Shredding | Iron MountainData & Records Management | Shredding | Iron Mountain
Iron Mountain provides solutions for records management, data backup and recovery, document management, secure shredding, and ... "Iron Mountain came with their experts to simply ask questions about what we do in AP. Based on our volume and what we wanted to ... "Its nice to see that an industry leader like Iron Mountain truly embodies every sense of that and thats why I really enjoy ... Ive found people at Iron Mountain are passionate and partner with us in every sense of the word. They helped us achieve our ...
https://www.ironmountain.com/
Iron - PanasonicIron - Panasonic
Iron Air Purifier Vacuum Cleaner Kitchen Appliances Microwave Oven / Oven Rice Cooker Juicer and Blender Other Small Kitchen ...
https://www.panasonic.com/mm/consumer/home-appliances/iron.html
The Iron Dream - WikipediaThe Iron Dream - Wikipedia
The Iron Dream pg 245 *^ "Indeed, in the book Hitler seems to assume that masses of men in fetishistic uniforms marching in ... The Iron Dream won critical acclaim, including a Nebula Award nomination and a Prix Tour-Apollo Award. Ursula K. Le Guin wrote ... The Iron Dream is a pastiche of Hitlers own life filtered through a fantasy lens, ending not in defeat but in global, indeed ... The Iron Dream is a metafictional 1972 alternate history novel by American author Norman Spinrad. The book has a nested ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Iron_Dream
The Iron CondorThe Iron Condor
Iron condors allow you to invest in the stock market with a neutral bias and own positions with more limited risk and a higher ... What Is an Iron Condor? An iron condor is an options strategy that involves four different contracts. Some of the key features ... How Do Iron Condors Make/Lose Money? When you own an iron condor, its your hope that the underlying index or security remains ... Iron Condor Positions, Step by Step To illustrate the necessary components or steps in buying an iron condor, take the ...
https://www.investopedia.com/articles/trading/08/flock-to-iron-condors.asp
Iron | Nutrition | CDCIron | Nutrition | CDC
What does iron do, and is your child getting enough? Learn more. ... What Does Iron Do?. Iron is a mineral that has many functions. ... Non-heme iron can be found in plants and iron-fortified alert icon products. This type of iron is less easily absorbed by the ... Having enough iron in the body can help prevent iron deficiencyalert icon and iron deficiency anemia.alert icon ... In young children, one common cause is not enough iron. Children who do not receive enough iron either from iron-rich foods or ...
https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/vitamins-minerals/iron.html
Iron-rich Soils | eHowIron-rich Soils | eHow
Iron-rich soils are so named for their high content of iron mineral deposits, and their nutrient composition impacts their ... Iron-rich soil is often the result of high levels of iron deposits beneath the top layers of soil. A majority of iron deposits ... The high iron levels mix with other nutrients and organic materials in the soil to create an iron-rich top soil or clay. ... When the iron deposits in the soil oxidize, they turn a distinctive rust color that tints the soil red. The texture of iron- ...
https://www.ehow.com/info_7970486_ironrich-soils.html
Berkshire Iron - Scientific AmericanBerkshire Iron - Scientific American
Scientific American is the essential guide to the most awe-inspiring advances in science and technology, explaining how they change our understanding of the world and shape our lives.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/berkshire-iron/?error=cookies_not_supported&code=5cb3eb95-7df7-4ba6-9685-517b4e2634ac
Iron Maiden | Encyclopedia.com
Iron Maiden Rock band Source for information on Iron Maiden: Contemporary Musicians dictionary. ... Websters defines the iron maiden as "a supposed medieval torture device consisting of a hollow iron statue or coffin in the ... Iron Maiden chained themselves in the studio to record 1984s appropriately titled Powerslave. The "World Slavery" tour began ... Jettisoning Iron Maidens punk vocals in favor of the traditional metal stylings preferred by the likes of Led Zeps Robert ...
https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/iron-maiden
Climbing the Iron WayClimbing the Iron Way
Developed in Europe a century ago, the iron way of climbing is finally making inroads in the U.S. ... iron road, is a different kind of rock climbing. It relies on a fixed anchoring system of ladders. ... A fixed anchoring system like the one at Nelson Rocks is known as a via ferrata-Italian for iron road. It stays put while the ... Via ferrata, Italian for "iron road," is a different kind of rock climbing. It relies on a fixed anchoring system of ladders ...
https://www.popularmechanics.com/adventure/outdoors/a12788/rock-climbing-the-iron-way-via-ferrata-comes-to-the-usa-6705766/
Iron PhiIron Phi
... is a LiveLikeLou Foundation 501(c)(3) program. ©2022 LiveLikeLou Foundation, All Rights Reserved. EIN: 82-3524872 ... Please enter your gift to Iron Phi on behalf of Chris Paschetto. ...
https://secure3.convio.net/pdt/site/Donation2
Iron: MedlinePlusIron: MedlinePlus
Our bodies need the right amount of iron to function properly. Read about what can happen when you consume too much or too ... Iron is also part of many other proteins and enzymes.. Your body needs the right amount of iron. If you have too little iron, ... Too much iron can damage your body. Taking too many iron supplements can cause iron poisoning. Some people have an inherited ... Taking iron supplements (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish * Total iron binding capacity (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in ...
https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html
Iron overload in human diseaseIron overload in human disease
... N Engl J Med. 2012 Jan 26;366(4):348-59. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1004967. ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22276824/?dopt=Abstract
Iron Science Teacher | Exploratorium VideoIron Science Teacher | Exploratorium Video
"Iron Science Teacher." Parodying the cult Japanese TV program, "Iron Chef," the Exploratoriums Iron Science Teacher ...
https://www.exploratorium.edu/video/collections/iron-science-teacher/all
Repairing Fractured Cast Iron Features | GSARepairing Fractured Cast Iron Features | GSA
NOTE: Metal stitching can be used on all cast iron which is over 1/4 inch (6 mm) thick. It can also be used between cast iron ... Repairing Fractured Cast Iron Features. Procedure code:. 501013S. Source:. Hspg Prepared For Nps - Sero. Division:. Metals. ... NOTE: Brazing of cast iron is very difficult to do in the field. It should be executed only by a skilled welder under careful ... NOTE: Welding of cast iron is very difficult to do in the field. It should be executed only by a skilled welder under careful ...
https://www.gsa.gov/technical-procedures/stainless-steel-characteristics-uses-and-problems?Form_Load=88531
Driving iron Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.comDriving iron Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
... a club with a long shaft and an iron head the face of which has almost no slope, for hitting long, low drives. See more. ... Words nearby driving iron. driving, driving barrel, driving chain, driving dog, driving force, driving iron, driving licence, ... a club with a long shaft and an iron head the face of which has almost no slope, for hitting long, low drives. ... She was in a dream of oily odours and monstrous iron constructions, dominated by the grand foreman: and Edwin was in the dream. ...
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/driving-iron
Anemia - Iron-Deficiency Anemia | NHLBI, NIHAnemia - Iron-Deficiency Anemia | NHLBI, NIH
Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments for iron-deficiency anemia. ... Iron-deficiency anemia develops if you do not have enough iron in your body. ... Iron supplements, also called iron pills or oral iron, help increase the iron in your body. This is the most common treatment ... How much iron do I need each day?. Daily iron recommendations. The recommended daily amounts of iron depend on your age, your ...
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/iron-deficiency-anemia
Chocolate, Iron, Socks | Studio 360 | WNYCChocolate, Iron, Socks | Studio 360 | WNYC
Kurt Andersen and Paola Antonelli look at how materials shape the way artists and designers work.
https://www.wnyc.org/story/107006-chocolate-iron-socks/
Iron Chefs Masaharu Morimoto: Drinking RulesIron Chef's Masaharu Morimoto: Drinking Rules
Do you ever have a drink before shooting Iron Chef? "I dont drink before going out to compete on Iron Chef." ... Do you ever go out for drinks or dinner with the other Iron Chefs or competitors? "I havent had a chance yet, but it would be ... How do you think you would fare on an Iron Chef---like show for bartenders? "If its all about bartending, it would be very ...
https://www.thedailybeast.com/iron-chefs-masaharu-morimoto-drinking-rules
Another round for Africas Iron Lady | The EconomistAnother round for Africa's Iron Lady | The Economist
The president, who earned the sobriquet "Iron Lady" in the hard years of opposition, agrees. She says she could not afford to ...
https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2010/05/20/another-round-for-africas-iron-lady
How bacteria and host fight for iron | NatureHow bacteria and host fight for iron | Nature
How bacteria and host fight for iron. Nature volume 516, pages 290-291 (2014)Cite this article ... Matthew Barber and Nels Elde at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City focused on transferrin, a protein that transports iron ... A study of primate and bacterial proteins involved in capturing iron from the blood has revealed an evolutionary arms race in ... How bacteria and host fight for iron. Nature 516, 290-291 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/516290d ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/516290d?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4dc4decb-4d98-4e98-841b-0503fc2a515d
RZA: My Iron Fists Inspirations | EW.comRZA: My 'Iron Fists' Inspirations | EW.com
As told to Karen Valby) I want The Man with the Iron Fists to be considered along any of my old favorite martial arts movies ... The Man With the Iron Fists , He is such a master. When you see the film theres a scene we wrote a certain way, and it reads ... Enter the Dragon , (As told to Karen Valby) I want The Man with the Iron Fists to be considered along any of my old favorite ... The Man With the Iron Fists , My costume designer and I went through a lot of modern fashion, whether it was Prada, Gucci, or ...
https://ew.com/gallery/rza-my-iron-fists-inspirations/
Severe Iron Deficiency Anemia and Lice InfestationSevere Iron Deficiency Anemia and Lice Infestation
Is there an association between severe iron deficiency anemia and lice infestation? ... Severe Iron Deficiency Anemia and Lice Infestation * Types of Hair Loss and Treatment Options, Including the Novel Low-level ... Objective: We report a small case series of patients with heavy louse infestation and profound iron deficiency anemia.. Case ... Improving Quality of Care in Patients With Iron Deficiency Anemia and Inflammatory Bowel Disease 0.5 CME / CE / ABIM MOC ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/751991
Iron Brothers - 560784 - 06/17/2019 | FDAIron Brothers - 560784 - 06/17/2019 | FDA
President Jackson rides the Iron Horse - HISTORYPresident Jackson rides the Iron Horse - HISTORY
Jackson, who had never been on a train before, was the first president to take a ride on the Iron Horse, as locomotives were ... https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-jackson-rides-the-iron-horse ...
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-jackson-rides-the-iron-horse
Iron Man (2022 - Present) | Comic Series | MarvelIron Man (2022 - Present) | Comic Series | Marvel
Browse the Marvel comic series Iron Man (2022 - Present). Check out individual issues, and find out how to read them! ...
https://www.marvel.com/comics/series/34717/iron_man_2022_-_present
How to build an Iron Man suitHow to build an Iron Man suit
From its name, you may think that the Iron Man suit is made from iron but, as Tony Stark is quick to point out in the film Iron ... In the 2016 comic book Invincible Iron Man Vol 2 #7, Riri Williams - a 15-year old MIT student - reverse engineers the Iron Man ... Barry Fitzgerald on the scientific and engineering fundamentals that you need to know to build your own Iron Man suit ... From RTÉ Radio 1s Ryan Tubridy Show, Barry Fitzgerald talks to Oliver Callan about how to build an Iron Man suit ...
https://www.rte.ie/brainstorm/2020/0227/1117914-iron-man-suit/
Nordic Iron and Metals Branding on BehanceNordic Iron and Metals Branding on Behance
nordic iron and metals inc branding logo and cards ...
https://www.behance.net/gallery/88519051/Nordic-Iron-and-Metals-Branding
Iron Gate Hotel and Suites | easyJet holidaysIron Gate Hotel and Suites | easyJet holidays
Book your holiday to the Iron Gate Hotel and Suites in Prague City, Prague from just £60pp and 23kg luggage included. ...
https://www.easyjet.com/en/holidays/czech-republic/prague/prague-city/iron-gate-hotel-and-suites
Iron Maiden - Senjutsu | Releases | DiscogsIron Maiden - Senjutsu | Releases | Discogs
... and more for Senjutsu by Iron Maiden. Compare versions and buy on Discogs ...
https://www.discogs.com/master/2281384-Iron-Maiden-Senjutsu
Iron Trade Balance in SwitzerlandIron Trade Balance in Switzerland
... was 0.142 Metric Tons Per Capita. Discover more data with NationMaster! ... Switzerland - Iron Trade Balance Metric Tons Per Capita - 1990 to 2019. Since 2014, Switzerland Iron Trade Balance decreased by ... How does Switzerland rank in Iron Trade Balance?. #. 36 Countries. Metric Tons Per Capita. Last. YoY. 5‑years CAGR. ... In 2019, the country was number 20 among other countries in Iron Trade Balance with 0.14 Metric Tons Per Capita. Switzerland is ...
https://www.nationmaster.com/nmx/timeseries/switzerland-iron-trade-balance
Anemia2019FerritinAvengersSupplements2020IntakeHeme iron2016HemoglobinCreuset Signature Cast IronContentMaiden2021Supplementation for pregnant womenTaylorMadeAlloyMilligrams of ironMineralMan'sMeatInfantsCerealsSucroseParenteral ironIndicated for iron deficiencyExcessAnaemiaEarth'sTransferrinOverload2017Leafy vegetablesMolten ironFerrous ironCereal has 18Treat iron deficiencyArmorOxygenMetabolismDeficienciesCastAbsorption of ironWroughtMetalDisordersGarmentChefPregnant womenCarbonylTony Stark'sAbsorbMarvelVitamin
Anemia58
  • If you have too little iron, you may develop iron deficiency anemia . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Having enough iron in the body can help prevent iron deficiency alert icon and iron deficiency anemia . (cdc.gov)
  • If your child does not get enough iron, your child may develop anemia . (cdc.gov)
  • Children who do not receive enough iron either from iron-rich foods or supplements are at greater risk for developing anemia. (cdc.gov)
  • Anemia can occur among children who do not get enough iron. (cdc.gov)
  • Talk to your child's doctor or nurse about anemia and iron at your baby's next check-up. (cdc.gov)
  • Iron-deficiency anemia is a type of anemia that develops if you do not have enough iron in your body. (nih.gov)
  • What are the symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia? (nih.gov)
  • People with mild or moderate iron-deficiency anemia may not have any symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • More serious iron-deficiency anemia may cause common symptoms of anemia, such as tiredness, shortness of breath, or chest pain. (nih.gov)
  • Certain conditions or medicines can decrease your body's ability to absorb iron and lead to iron-deficiency anemia. (nih.gov)
  • Sometimes young children can develop iron-deficiency anemia if they do not get enough iron in their diet. (nih.gov)
  • How do you prevent iron-deficiency anemia? (nih.gov)
  • Iron-deficiency anemia may be preventable if you are able to treat the causes of blood loss or problems with iron absorption that can lead to the condition. (nih.gov)
  • How is iron-deficiency anemia diagnosed? (nih.gov)
  • To help diagnose iron-deficiency anemia, your doctor will order a blood test to check your complete blood count (CBC), hemoglobin levels, blood iron levels, and ferritin levels. (nih.gov)
  • Your doctor may also tell you that you have anemia with the iron deficiency. (nih.gov)
  • This is the most common treatment for iron-deficiency anemia. (nih.gov)
  • hence, iron deficiency anemia is a theoretic possibility. (medscape.com)
  • A limited number of reports of severe iron deficiency anemia have appeared in the veterinary literature, but a thorough review of the medical literature did not reveal a single instance in human beings. (medscape.com)
  • We report a small case series of patients with heavy louse infestation and profound iron deficiency anemia. (medscape.com)
  • Although cause and effect cannot be established from this case series, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first published evidence of a provocative association of louse infestation and severe iron deficiency anemia in humans. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1-6 ] A recent case of a patient with profound iron deficiency anemia associated with heavy louse infestation without other apparent cause for anemia raised the question of a possible causative relationship between louse infestation and anemia. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7-10 ] To the best of our knowledge, presented herein is the index case of severe iron deficiency anemia associated with heavy louse infestation. (medscape.com)
  • Cite this: Severe Iron Deficiency Anemia and Lice Infestation - Medscape - Oct 01, 2011. (medscape.com)
  • If iron deficiency isn't corrected, it can lead to iron-deficiency anemia (a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the body). (kidshealth.org)
  • Anemia due to iron deficiency has health consequences and, for this reason, is a public health concern. (nih.gov)
  • Amy was diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia, one of the most common nutritional deficiencies among female athletes. (active.com)
  • Overtraining, stress, or many other external factors can cause fatigue, but many cases of fatigue are attributable to a lack of iron in the blood, a condition known as anemia. (active.com)
  • Symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia include muscle burning, shortness of breath during exercise, nausea, frequent infections, respiratory illnesses and a pale, washed-out appearance. (active.com)
  • Over 50 percent of female endurance athletes have depleted iron stores, which suggests dietary intervention may be necessary to prevent anemia. (active.com)
  • Because iron-deficiency anemia is more common in athletes, it's important to monitor iron status. (active.com)
  • Iron-deficiency anemia occurs in three stages, with stage 3 having the most detrimental effect on athletic performance. (active.com)
  • Intravenous Versus Oral Iron for the Treatment of Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. (epnet.com)
  • The role of iron in the management of chemotherapy-induced anemia in cancer patients receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. (epnet.com)
  • Researchers have discovered that low iron levels in blood and anemia could be linked to increased risks for dementia, according to a study published in the journal Neurology . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The specific objective of this component is to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia using iron and TIBC (transferrin saturation) in conjunction with ferritin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin. (cdc.gov)
  • In the past three decades, increased iron intake among infants has resulted in a decline in childhood iron-deficiency anemia in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • As a consequence, the use of screening tests for anemia has become a less efficient means of detecting iron deficiency in some populations. (cdc.gov)
  • These recommendations update the 1989 'CDC Criteria for Anemia in Children and Childbearing-Aged Women' (MMWR 1989;38(22):400-4) and are the first comprehensive CDC recommendations to prevent and control iron deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC emphasizes sound iron nutrition for infants and young children, screening for anemia among women of childbearing age, and the importance of low-dose iron supplementation for pregnant women. (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia among children declined during the 1970s in association with increased iron intake during infancy (1-3). (cdc.gov)
  • Because of this decline, the value of anemia as a predictor of iron deficiency has also declined, thus decreasing the effectiveness of routine anemia screening among children. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC requested the Institute of Medicine to convene an expert committee to develop recommendations for preventing, detecting, and treating iron-deficiency anemia among U.S. children and U.S. women of childbearing age. (cdc.gov)
  • Fast Five Quiz: How Familiar Are You With Iron-Deficiency Anemia? (medscape.com)
  • Iron-deficiency anemia has been characterized as a significant threat to global health. (medscape.com)
  • Anemia affects one third of the global population , and iron deficiency is the most common cause. (medscape.com)
  • In countries where there is little meat in the diet, iron-deficiency anemia is six to eight times more prevalent than in North America and Europe, where iron deficiency most often occurs among women of childbearing age. (medscape.com)
  • Left untreated, iron-deficiency anemia can cause significant morbidity. (medscape.com)
  • What do you know about iron-deficiency anemia? (medscape.com)
  • Ferrous sulfate is the mainstay treatment for treating patients with iron deficiency anemia. (medscape.com)
  • It should be continued for about 2 months after correction of the anemia and its etiologic cause in order to replenish body stores of iron. (medscape.com)
  • Parenteral use of iron-carbohydrate complexes has caused anaphylactic reactions, and its use should be restricted to patients with an established diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia whose anemia is not corrected with oral therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Ferric derisomaltose is administered IV and is indicated for iron deficiency anemia in adults who are intolerant to or have had unsatisfactory response to oral iron. (medscape.com)
  • Iron (ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous sulfate) is used to treat or prevent anemia (a lower than normal number of red blood cells) when the amount of iron taken in from the diet is not enough. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Implementing Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Into Hematology Algorithms Might reticulocyte hemoglobin, a potentially more clinically stable analyte than ferritin, be useful in screening for iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia? (medscape.com)
  • The top five leading causes of adolescent disability-adjusted life years are collective violence and legal intervention, iron-deficiency anemia, road injury, depressive disorders, and childhood behavioural disorders. (who.int)
20196
  • In 2019, the country was number 20 among other countries in Iron Trade Balance with 0.14 Metric Tons Per Capita. (nationmaster.com)
  • Reuters) - BHP Group Ltd , the world's biggest miner, on Wednesday flagged $1 billion in productivity losses for fiscal 2019 as unplanned outages and bad weather hurt its iron ore production. (firstpost.com)
  • That had prompted BHP to lower its fiscal 2019 iron ore production outlook. (firstpost.com)
  • Here is Golfshake's gear guide to the latest irons of 2019, including reviews by Ryan Rastall and Owen Davies, specifically aimed at golfers who want to a club which can offer them a variety of different game improvement features to help enhance their game with increased consistency and added forgiveness. (golfshake.com)
  • Part of Callaway's famous and innovative Big Bertha range, the new 2019 Big Bertha irons are the embodiment of Callaway's vision to create a set of golf clubs ideal for improving the overall game of any golfer willing to try them. (golfshake.com)
  • The first notable feature of the 2019 Big Bertha irons is the unique and stylish black PVD finish on the irons, offering a slightly different aesthetic feel to the conventional modern iron look. (golfshake.com)
Ferritin5
  • Fe2 + can be then converted again to Fe3 + and stored as ferritin, or exported to the bloodstream through ferroportin where it is converted to Fe3 + by hephaestin and binds to transferrin whose role is to transport iron where there is metabolic need. (medscape.com)
  • In the macrophages iron can be stored as ferritin and released when needed through ferroportin. (medscape.com)
  • Stage 1, or nonanemic iron deficiency, is diagnosed when ferritin (storage form of iron) levels drop below a blood level of 12 ug/dl. (active.com)
  • An oral iron replacement that delivers iron for uptake across the intestinal wall and transfer to transferrin and ferritin. (medscape.com)
  • H. pylori infection was determined by urea breath test and iron deficiency using serum ferritin. (cdc.gov)
Avengers8
  • In 2008, Marvel Studios released Iron Man , a film that acted as the catalyst for the Marvel Cinematic Universe , an ensemble of films that includes Black Panther , Guardians of the Galaxy and the highest grossing film of all time Avengers: Endgame . (rte.ie)
  • This unique storyline has made Iron Man a staple of Marvel Comics and even a member of the famed Avengers group of superheroes. (fox40.com)
  • This plush shows the Avengers' joke-maker sitting down in his Iron Man suit with an oversized head and small feet. (fox40.com)
  • Avengers: Endgame I Am Iron Man Glow-in-the-Dark Deluxe Pop! (entertainmentearth.com)
  • Avengers Infinity Saga Iron Man Yellow Artist Series Pop! (entertainmentearth.com)
  • These are the calling cards of the Iron Avengers. (dandwiki.com)
  • The Iron Avengers are counted as some of the most intelligent battle masters there are. (dandwiki.com)
  • This entry was posted in Hip Hop and tagged avengers , iron man , marvel , shield . (wordpress.com)
Supplements21
  • Taking too many iron supplements can cause iron poisoning. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Talk with your child's nurse or doctor about if your child needs iron supplements before 6 months old. (cdc.gov)
  • Iron supplements, also called iron pills or oral iron, help increase the iron in your body. (nih.gov)
  • It was primarily the iron found in plant foods and in supplements, non-heme iron, that reduced a woman's chances of developing PMS. (livescience.com)
  • Treatment begins with iron supplements. (livestrong.com)
  • In rare cases, iron supplements may cause itching. (livestrong.com)
  • Itching in response to iron supplements suggests an allergic reaction. (livestrong.com)
  • Iron in supplements is attached to another molecule, usually a salt or a sugar. (livestrong.com)
  • Some iron supplements may be colored with dyes such as the yellow dye, tartrazine. (livestrong.com)
  • If you have a history of allergic reactions to iron supplements, other drugs or substances in the food or the environment, share this information with your doctor before you take iron supplements. (livestrong.com)
  • If you have a history of allergies, always review the ingredients of any medication that you take, including iron supplements. (livestrong.com)
  • Never take more than the recommended dose of iron supplements. (livestrong.com)
  • Allergic reactions occur more often with injectable iron supplements compared to oral supplements. (livestrong.com)
  • Always keep iron supplements out of reach of children. (livestrong.com)
  • Can Iron Supplements Make You Feel Dizzy? (livestrong.com)
  • In 2015, the Office of Dietary Supplements developed its Iron Initiative to prioritize the relevant research gaps with respect to clarifying benefits and harms associated with iron screening and supplementation among pregnant women and young children 6 to 24 months. (nih.gov)
  • March 20, 2012 (New York, New York) - An investigation into the effects of calcium and iron supplementation on ocular health has found that consuming high amounts of these supplements leads to an elevated risk for the development of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), according to a study presented here at the American Glaucoma Society 22nd Annual Meeting. (medscape.com)
  • Average daily calcium and iron intake was determined from the amount of supplemental calcium/iron intake (including antacids, multivitamins, and prescription and nonprescription supplements) reported during a 30-day period. (medscape.com)
  • Mineral supplements are used to provide adequate iron for hemoglobin synthesis and to replenish body stores of iron. (medscape.com)
  • Other major contributors were multivitamins with iron or fluoride may contribute to increased interest in taken by children, iron taken by adolescent and young adult females, and calcium use of supplements is scientific evidence taken by middle-aged and elderly females. (cdc.gov)
  • These definitions iron, or multivitamin/multimineral supplements were matched to brand supplements. (cdc.gov)
20201
  • BHP forecast fiscal 2020 iron ore production at 273 million to 286 million tonnes. (firstpost.com)
Intake7
  • Researchers at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst found that women with an iron intake of more than 20 milligrams a day had about a 35 percent lower risk of being diagnosed with PMS than women who had the lowest iron intake, about 10 mg a day. (livescience.com)
  • Inflammation leads to an increased release of hepcidin from the liver which downregulates ferroportin and therefore the transport of dietary intake from the inside of the mucosa cells in the small intestine to the bloodstream and also the release of recycled iron from macrophages in the spleen and the liver, potentially leading to iron deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Iron deficiency results from inadequate intake, inadequate absorption, excessive losses or some combination of the three. (livestrong.com)
  • Poor dietary iron intake may be the primary reason why female endurance athletes develop iron deficiencies. (active.com)
  • Dietary intake of heme iron and risk of cardiovascular disease: a dose-dependent meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. (epnet.com)
  • High maternal iron status, dietary iron intake and iron supplement use in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective study and systematic review. (epnet.com)
  • The prevalence of anaemia in women of dietary iron intake, socioeconomic status childbearing age ranged from around 20% and literacy level of mothers [ 13,14 ]. (who.int)
Heme iron8
  • heme and non-heme iron. (cdc.gov)
  • Heme iron is commonly found in animal products and is more easily absorbed by the body. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-heme iron can be found in plants and iron- fortified alert icon products. (cdc.gov)
  • Pairing non-heme iron sources with foods high in vitamin C can help your baby absorb the iron he or she needs to support development. (cdc.gov)
  • The heme iron coming from animal sources, such as red meat and poultry, did not have the same effect. (livescience.com)
  • Bertone-Johnson suspects that non-heme iron had a stronger relationship with PMS because it's easier to eat a diet rich in plant and supplement sources. (livescience.com)
  • For example, three-quarters of a cup of fortified cereal has 18 mg of non-heme iron, and a cup of lentil or beans has between 3 and 7 mg. (livescience.com)
  • But a 3-ounce serving of beef has only 2 to 3 mg of heme iron, so you would need to eat a large serving of beef to meet your daily iron needs, which is not advisable considering its saturated fat content. (livescience.com)
20161
  • In the 2016 comic book Invincible Iron Man Vol 2 #7 , Riri Williams - a 15-year old MIT student - reverse engineers the Iron Man suit in her college dorm to build the Ironheart suit . (rte.ie)
Hemoglobin14
  • For example, iron is part of hemoglobin, a protein which carries oxygen from our lungs throughout our bodies. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The body of an adult human contains about 4 grams (0.005% body weight) of iron, mostly in hemoglobin and myoglobin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Natural News) Iron is an essential mineral that plays a key role in producing hemoglobin - a complex protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. (naturalnews.com)
  • Iron gives hemoglobin the strength to "carry" (bind to) oxygen in the blood, so oxygen gets to where it needs to go. (kidshealth.org)
  • Without enough iron, the body can't make hemoglobin and makes fewer red blood cells. (kidshealth.org)
  • B ) RBC indices, hemoglobin and hematocrit values, and iron status at baseline and after 6 months of empagliflozin or placebo. (medscape.com)
  • Iron, a trace mineral, is a major component of the body's red blood cells or hemoglobin, and carries oxygen to various muscles and tissues for use during aerobic activity. (active.com)
  • Iron is a key part of hemoglobin, a protein your red blood cells use to carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. (vegetariantimes.com)
  • It occurs when the body does not get enough iron for healthy hemoglobin production. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In the human body, iron is present in all cells and has several vital functions -- as a carrier of oxygen to the tissues from the lungs in the form of hemoglobin (Hb), as a facilitator of oxygen use and storage in the muscles as myoglobin, as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and as an integral part of enzyme reactions in various tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • Dextran-iron replenishes depleted iron stores in the bone marrow, where it is incorporated into hemoglobin. (medscape.com)
  • The required dose can be calculated (3.5 mg iron/g of hemoglobin) or obtained from tables in the Physician's Desk Reference. (medscape.com)
  • Ferric gluconate replaces iron found in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and specific enzyme systems. (medscape.com)
  • Iron binds to transferrin for transport to erythroid precursor cells to be incorporated into hemoglobin. (medscape.com)
Creuset Signature Cast Iron6
  • Le Creuset Signature Cast Iron Cookware is indispensable in the kitchens of home cooks and professional chefs alike. (cutleryandmore.com)
  • Expertly crafted from enameled cast iron, the everyday versatility of Le Creuset Signature Cast Iron Cookware makes it ideal for everything from slow-cooking and braising to roasting, baking, frying chicken, beef stew, no-knead bread, roast chicken, mashed potatoes, soups, stews and more. (cutleryandmore.com)
  • Individually crafted by French artisans from the finest quality materials since 1925, Le Creuset Signature Cast Iron Cookware is beloved for its perfected design and exceptional heat retention that locks in moisture and flavor to produce superior results from stove to oven to table. (cutleryandmore.com)
  • Le Creuset Signature Cast Iron 4.5 qt. (metrokitchen.com)
  • Use the Le Creuset Signature Cast Iron Round Dutch Ovens in Caribbean for making large batches of chilis, stews, casseroles and soups. (metrokitchen.com)
  • Unlike other cast iron cookware, the Le Creuset Signature Cast Iron Oval Cocotte does not require seasoning because of its interior enamel coating. (metrokitchen.com)
Content2
  • Iron-rich soils are so named for their high content of iron mineral deposits, and their nutrient composition impacts their ability to be cultivated to support plant life. (ehow.com)
  • Though some plants and trees like the Joshua tree, fruit-bearing trees, huckleberry and black-eyed Susan can withstand high levels of iron, treating iron-rich soil with a fertilizer with high organic content combats the red soil's lack of nutrients. (ehow.com)
Maiden8
  • Also, feel free to check some of our related stories at Amazing Life-Size LEGO Iron-Man and Sleek Iron Woman Suit: We Shall Call Her Iron Maiden . (walyou.com)
  • As if to cement that claim, London-based Iron Maiden in 1980 released their first major LP, which prominently featured this new metal - an alloy of the traditional style invigorated by the speed and anti-sentimentality of punk rock. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The album, Iron Maiden, entered the U.K. charts at Number Four. (encyclopedia.com)
  • released first album, Iron Maiden, 1980. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The dark bent of Maiden ' s lyrics may be traced to mild-mannered bass player Steve Harris, a man who continued to live with his grandmother for years after Iron Maiden achieved world fame. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Harris joined Dave Murray in 1976 to form Iron Maiden, debuting at the Cart and Horses pub in London ' s east end. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Metal Sucks Bruce Dickinson Stops Iron Maiden Show After Security. (metalsucks.net)
  • Wanna Know How Much Tool and Iron Maiden (But Not Metallica or Slipknot) Earn to Play Shows? (metalsucks.net)
20211
  • PALO ALTO, Calif., Dec. 09, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Xage , the first and only zero trust real-world cybersecurity company, today announced its partnership with Iron Bow Technologies, a leading IT solution provider for the Department of Defense (DOD) and other federal agencies, along with commercial and healthcare clients. (globenewswire.com)
Supplementation for pregnant women1
  • The task force experts determined that there was insufficient evidence to clarify the benefits and harms associated with screening pregnant women and young children (6-24 months) for iron deficiency as well as the benefits and harms of routine iron supplementation for pregnant women. (nih.gov)
TaylorMade6
  • The P790 line of irons from TaylorMade is getting a welcome addition with the new P790 UDI forged driving iron ($219). (golf.com)
  • After experiencing increasing demand from the best golfers on worldwide Tours, we're excited to bring the Ultimate Driving Iron to golfers everywhere with the new P790 UDI, " says Tomo Bystedt, Senior Director of Product Creation at TaylorMade Golf. (golf.com)
  • Part of the exciting M5/M6 TaylorMade range, the M6 irons are TaylorMade's cleverly designed game improvement irons are the ideal golf club for players demanding irons that offer brilliant forgiveness and extreme ball striking consistency. (golfshake.com)
  • The first notable feature of the TaylorMade M6 irons is the outstanding feel and strike golfers will enjoy at impact. (golfshake.com)
  • Another intended feature of the TaylorMade M6 irons is the innovative face design and construction. (golfshake.com)
  • Designed to replicate the shape and feel of a tour-like iron, the TaylorMade M6 irons are made for golfers wanting a professional club to help them consistently improve their game out on the golf course. (golfshake.com)
Alloy7
  • The inner core of the Earth is generally presumed to consist of an iron-nickel alloy with ε (or β) structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • From its name, you may think that the Iron Man suit is made from iron but, as Tony Stark is quick to point out in the film Iron Man, the suit's shell is made from a gold-titanium alloy. (rte.ie)
  • Scientists, for more than half a century, assumed that Earth's deepest recesses consist of a molten outer core surrounding a densely compressed ball of solid iron alloy. (naturalnews.com)
  • The Earth's magnetic field is produced by the geodynamo, the rapid motion of huge quantities of liquid iron alloy in the Earth's outer core. (astronomynow.com)
  • However iron is rarely pure, it is usually in alloy with something. (answers.com)
  • In contrast to low carbon iron alloy type 1 and type 2 covered by ASTM A848, which are characterized by coercive field strength, users characterize magnetic pure iron by its high maximum relative permeability and magnetic polarization. (astm.org)
  • The Iron Man 3 Shotgun Iron Man Mark XL Super Alloy Die-Cast Metal Light-Up 1:12 Scale Action Figure is unlike any other. (geekalerts.com)
Milligrams of iron4
  • Infants ages 7-12 months need 11 milligrams of iron a day. (kidshealth.org)
  • Toddlers ages 1-3 years need 7 milligrams of iron each day. (kidshealth.org)
  • Teen boys should get 11 milligrams of iron a day and teen girls should get 15 milligrams. (kidshealth.org)
  • A 1-cup serving of green vegetables provides 1-3 milligrams of iron, depending on which vegetable you choose. (vegetariantimes.com)
Mineral6
  • Iron is a mineral that our bodies need for many functions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Iron is a mineral that has many functions. (cdc.gov)
  • To get the higher amount, a woman would only have to eat one cup of iron-fortified cereal, which typically contains about 24 mg of the mineral. (livescience.com)
  • Iron was not the only mineral linked to an improvement in PMS symptoms. (livescience.com)
  • Iron is a mineral found in plants and animals and all living things. (kidshealth.org)
  • Iron is a mineral that is available as a dietary supplement. (medlineplus.gov)
Man's3
  • Iron Man's powers are generated from an implant designed to keep his weakened heart from failing. (salon.com)
  • Iron Man's suit is what makes him the superhero that he is. (fox40.com)
  • Favreau perceived depicting Iron Man's nemesis, the Mandarin, as a challenge, as he finds the use of the character as a metaphor for communism dated. (wordpress.com)
Meat4
  • People can get iron by eating foods like meat and dark green leafy vegetables. (kidshealth.org)
  • Most of the iron that the body needs is obtained through food such as meat, fish, vegetables, fruits and whole grains. (asianage.com)
  • Many of us grew up with the idea that red meat is high in iron and it is. (vegetariantimes.com)
  • Designed for searing and frying meat, fish and vegetables, the cast iron frying pan will create delicious caramelisation on ingredients while sealing in moisture, flavour and nutrients. (thehut.com)
Infants3
  • Infants who breastfeed tend to get enough iron from their mothers until 4-6 months of age. (kidshealth.org)
  • Effect of Daily Iron Supplementation in Healthy Exclusively Breastfed Infants: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. (epnet.com)
  • countries of the Region was studied in Among infants from 6 months on- 1995 [ 7 ] although the terms anaemia and wards, a high prevalence of anaemia is re- iron deficiency anaemia were used inter- ported, with iron deficiency anaemia being changeably. (who.int)
Cereals2
  • Iron is also added to some foods, such as infant formula and cereals. (kidshealth.org)
  • And many other foods are iron-fortified (breakfast cereals, for example), as you'll see on their labels. (vegetariantimes.com)
Sucrose2
  • Iron sucrose is used to treat iron deficiency (in conjunction with erythropoietin) due to chronic hemodialysis. (medscape.com)
  • Iron sucrose has shown a lower incidence of anaphylaxis than other parenteral iron products. (medscape.com)
Parenteral iron1
  • Oral or parenteral iron supplementation to reduce deferral, iron deficiency and/or anaemia in blood donors. (epnet.com)
Indicated for iron deficiency1
  • It is indicated for iron deficiency in adults. (medscape.com)
Excess5
  • Moreover, there are debates and unresolved issues related to the best measures of iron status and the appropriate cut points for establishing iron deficiency, adequacy and excess as well as questions surrounding common supplementation practices in developed countries. (nih.gov)
  • You can easily guide the iron and eliminate the excess cord from getting in your way. (ironaway.com)
  • The unbound excess iron was then complexed with ferene to form ferrous ferene, a blue complex, which was measured by the Beckman/Coulter LX 20 analyzer. (cdc.gov)
  • The UIBC was equal to the total iron added minus the excess iron. (cdc.gov)
  • Preschool children were more af- the prevalence of anaemia has ranged be- fected than women, with reported preva- tween 20% and 70%, again mostly attribut- lence in excess of 60% in many countries ed to iron deficiency [ 15-18 ], in addition to [ 7 ]. (who.int)
Anaemia11
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis: what is the evidence for oral iron supplementation in treating anaemia in elderly people? (epnet.com)
  • Iron therapy for pre-operative anaemia. (epnet.com)
  • Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women. (epnet.com)
  • Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in adolescent and adult menstruating women. (epnet.com)
  • Ahaptoglobinaemia and predisposition to iron-deficiency anaemia. (bmj.com)
  • Although the prevalence of anaemia has often been used as a proxy indicator for iron deficiency anaemia, this approach is not valid in settings where the etiology of anaemia is complex or unknown or where other micronutrient deficiencies of folate, vitamin B and vitamin A can co-exist. (who.int)
  • and other measures combined with iron interventions where other causes of anaemia are prevalent. (who.int)
  • In as well as infant and under-five mortality addition, the negative consequences of iron rates, have all decreased as a whole, but deficiency anaemia on the cognitive and with some inter-country variations [ 5 ]. (who.int)
  • physical development of children and on In spite of this development, anaemia, the work productivity of adults are of ma- particularly attributed to iron deficiency, jor concern [ 3 ]. (who.int)
  • 755 income level in most countries of the Re- sistence of anaemia (presumably iron defi- gion [ 6 ]. (who.int)
  • 13 ]. Among preschool children, the mag- available information in the majority of the nitude of anaemia is reported to be associ- situations was based on ad hoc surveys or ated with birth order (thereby indicating a small-scale studies on specific population gradual depletion of the iron stores of groups. (who.int)
Earth's3
  • A majority of iron deposits are formed in sedimentary rock beds beneath the Earth's surface, called banded iron formations. (ehow.com)
  • In its metallic state, iron is rare in the Earth's crust, limited mainly to deposition by meteorites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Iron ores, by contrast, are among the most abundant in the Earth's crust, although extracting usable metal from them requires kilns or furnaces capable of reaching 1,500 °C (2,730 °F) or higher, about 500 °C (932 °F) higher than that required to smelt copper. (wikipedia.org)
Transferrin5
  • Matthew Barber and Nels Elde at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City focused on transferrin, a protein that transports iron from the blood into cells. (nature.com)
  • Macrophages contribute to iron homeostasis by taking up transferrin-bound iron by receptor-mediated endocytosis. (medscape.com)
  • In the reaction, iron was released from transferrin by acetic acid and reduced to the ferrous state by hydroxylamine and thioglycolate. (cdc.gov)
  • A known ferrous iron standard of 105 μmol/L (586 μg/dL) was incubated with serum at a pH of 7.9, which saturates the available binding sites on serum transferrin. (cdc.gov)
  • The iron variable name is LBXIRN, the TIBC variable name is LBXTIB, and the variable name for transferrin saturation is LBDPCT. (cdc.gov)
Overload1
20171
  • The large falls in iron ore prices reflect demand concerns, as Tangshan City ordered steel mills to halt iron ore sintering and steel making due to the first red-level pollution warnings since 2017," said NAB head of commodities research Lachlan Shaw. (afr.com)
Leafy vegetables1
  • That's because beans and green leafy vegetables which vegetarians and vegans tend to eat plenty of are loaded with iron. (vegetariantimes.com)
Molten iron2
  • As molten iron cools past its freezing point of 1538 °C, it crystallizes into its δ allotrope, which has a body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, it recently came to light that workers - who were possibly slaves - repaired damaged parts by pouring molten iron into the ruts. (naturalnews.com)
Ferrous iron1
  • Oral solutions of ferrous iron salts are available for use in pediatric populations. (medscape.com)
Cereal has 181
Treat iron deficiency1
  • To address the changing epidemiology of iron deficiency in the United States, CDC staff in consultation with experts developed new recommendations for use by primary health-care providers to prevent, detect, and treat iron deficiency. (cdc.gov)
Armor6
  • Tony Stark, the man beneath the Iron Man armor, designed his own implant in an effort to save himself from a piece of shrapnel traveling to his heart. (salon.com)
  • Marvel Iron Man Hall of Armor Iron Man Model 4 Deluxe Pop! (entertainmentearth.com)
  • Marvel Iron Man Hall of Armor Iron Man Model 8 Silver Centurion Iron Man Deluxe Pop! (entertainmentearth.com)
  • Marvel Iron Man Hall of Armor Iron Man Model 11 War Machine Deluxe Pop! (entertainmentearth.com)
  • Director/Executive Producer Jon Favreau examines the Iron Monger armor on the set of "Iron Man. (fandango.com)
  • Tony Stark (Robert Downey Jr., left) is fitted into his Mark I armor by Yinsen (Shaun Toub) in "Iron Man. (fandango.com)
Oxygen8
  • However, iron reacts readily with oxygen and water to give brown to black hydrated iron oxides, commonly known as rust. (wikipedia.org)
  • Iron helps red blood cells carry oxygen through the body and supports a child's ability to learn. (cdc.gov)
  • Do you not use bleach and hydrogen peroxide at the same time because the two will react with each other and produce oxygen gas (bubbles), instead of oxidizing the iron. (physicsforums.com)
  • Iron is needed in all organ systems for various metabolic processes, e.g. erythropoiesis, mitochondrial function, oxygen transport, myocardial and skeletal muscle metabolism, immune and nervous systems, inflammatory response, lipid metabolism and many others. (medscape.com)
  • Iron is an essential nutrient that transports oxygen throughout the body in red blood cells. (livestrong.com)
  • An iron deficiency will impair sports performance because oxygen isn't transported effectively to working muscles, which causes a build up of lactic acid. (active.com)
  • If stage 1 iron deficiency is undiagnosed for several months it may progress to stage 2, in which red blood cells and consequent oxygen transfer are decreased leading to reductions in exercise capacity. (active.com)
  • If you're low in iron, you may feel weak and run-down because your body isn't getting enough oxygen. (vegetariantimes.com)
Metabolism3
  • To maintain the necessary levels, human iron metabolism requires a minimum of iron in the diet. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beutler E. Disorders of Iron Metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Ritch suggested that if the data exist, associations between calcium, iron, and magnesium should be investigated, particularly with an eye toward [determining] the effect of magnesium on calcium metabolism. (medscape.com)
Deficiencies1
  • Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies prevalent in our country. (asianage.com)
Cast44
  • In the modern world, iron alloys, such as steel, stainless steel, cast iron and special steels, are by far the most common industrial metals, because of their mechanical properties and low cost. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. For general information on the characteristics, uses and problems associated with cast iron, see 05010-04-S. (gsa.gov)
  • Nickel-arc rod (or nickel-color wire) is the most common type of welding rod used for welding cast iron. (gsa.gov)
  • They produce a strong, hard weld, with the mechanical properties close to those of cast-iron, but they are difficult to work with, in that they must be preheated and they are not machinable. (gsa.gov)
  • Now, the whole Northwest groaned beneath a cast-iron prohibition law at that time, and for some years thereafter. (dictionary.com)
  • Lodge is an established USA-based cookware brand specializing in pre-seasoned cast iron skillets, griddles, pans, woks, and dutch ovens. (wikihow.com)
  • [1] X Research source Cast iron products may yield delicious dinners, but their cleaning needs differ significantly from those of other pots and pans. (wikihow.com)
  • By keeping your cast iron safe from water and rust, regularly treating or seasoning cooking surfaces with oil, and ensuring proper everyday care, you can ensure years of use from your Lodge cookware (and any other cast iron products). (wikihow.com)
  • Protect your hands with heat-resistant grippers when handling hot cast iron. (wikihow.com)
  • Anytime you cook with and clean your cast iron, protect your hands from burns with heat-resistant handle covers, oven mitts, or potholders. (wikihow.com)
  • [2] X Research source Cast iron retains significant amounts of heat and cools down slowly, but you'll want to wash, dry, and season your cookware while it is still warm. (wikihow.com)
  • Food residue releases more easily from the surface of warm warm cast iron and should be removed before it bakes and hardens on. (wikihow.com)
  • When applied to warm cast iron, seasoning oils will react with the metal and polymerize. (wikihow.com)
  • Unlike the separate heat-resistant handles attached to other types of cookware, a cast iron pan is made by pouring iron into a pan-shaped mold. (wikihow.com)
  • Wash your warm cast iron with hot running water and a bristle brush. (wikihow.com)
  • Mild soap may be used on Lodge cast iron products, but is not necessary. (wikihow.com)
  • Cast iron cookware can also be dried over low stove-top heat or in a warm oven. (wikihow.com)
  • SEL text: Selling text: The base cooking dish is made from cast iron with a flat bottom. (johnlewis.com)
  • Le Creuset is recognised the world over for market-leading, premium quality ranges of enamelled cast iron cookware, multi-ply stainless steel, toughened non-stick, and stoneware, along with its outstanding range of wine accessories. (johnlewis.com)
  • The Cocotte, or French Oven, was one of the first cast iron items produced by Le Creuset and is still the most popular item sold in a range of bright retro colours, with Volcanic (orange) the company's trademark. (johnlewis.com)
  • Nicknamed the "cast iron" plant for its toughness, this evergreen perennial is desirable for its ability to grow in the shade and even survive long periods of drought. (gardenguides.com)
  • Grow the cast iron plant outdoors in United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Hardiness Zones 7 through 11. (gardenguides.com)
  • One thing cast iron plants are susceptible to, however, is winter winds. (gardenguides.com)
  • Plant the iron plant under a tree or in a basket that will be placed on a porch that is cast in shade. (gardenguides.com)
  • The cast iron plant thrives in almost any types of soil, including very poor soil. (gardenguides.com)
  • A Solid-Cast Iron Drop Bar w/Knob that can be used as a decorative and useful latch and lever for gates, doors, garages, barns, sheds, and more. (etsy.com)
  • Black cast iron on a red door! (etsy.com)
  • Since the 1600s, cast-iron pans have been used for cooking foods on stovetops or over a hot fire. (ehow.com)
  • Cast iron, however, has porous surfaces where water can gather and start the rusting process. (ehow.com)
  • Wash the cast iron as soon as you are done using it. (ehow.com)
  • Allow the cast-iron pan to cool after heating. (ehow.com)
  • The Le Creuset Cast Iron Skillet is a superb quality kitchen classic, ideal for frying and oven baking. (thehut.com)
  • This specification covers the performance evaluation of heavy duty shielded couplings to join hubless cast iron soil pipe and fittings. (astm.org)
  • 1.4 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is aware of comparable standards published by other organizations, namely Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute specification CISPI 310 and Factory Mutual Research standard FM 1680. (astm.org)
  • A solid oak and cast iron music stand from the Victorian period about 1900 is from a lodge or private club in Minneapolis. (harpgallery.com)
  • There are worn hand painted gold accents on the elaborate cast iron base. (harpgallery.com)
  • The Le Creuset cookware line includes the classic cast iron dutch oven that has become an icon of quality in the kitchen. (cutleryandmore.com)
  • Today, Le Creuset produces an extensive range of cast iron cookware, stoneware bakeware, enameled steel kettles and stock pots and even stainless steel cookware. (cutleryandmore.com)
  • The even heat of cast iron is ideal for this cooking method. (metrokitchen.com)
  • The brilliant color and elegant design make the Le Creuset Cast Iron Dutch Oven perfect for using directly at the table. (metrokitchen.com)
  • We present the influence of microstructural characteristics of different graphite morphologies on the effective properties of cast iron. (fraunhofer.de)
  • It is shown that the consideration of microstructural parameters - volume fraction, surface density and particle shape - provides good estimates of the properties of cast iron with simply connected nodular graphite particles, but is insufficient for interconnected structures with vermicular and flake graphite. (fraunhofer.de)
  • BALDOR® Cast-Iron Buffing Stand - Mount buffer to cast-iron stand for a sturdy stand-alone unit. (tptools.com)
  • Heavy cast-iron construction easily handles all-day commercial buffing applications. (tptools.com)
Absorption of iron3
  • Vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron. (active.com)
  • Depleted iron stores can occur as a result of several factors, including an inadequate diet and/or absorption of iron, intense endurance training, and excessive blood loss through menstruation. (active.com)
  • Iron deficiency is caused by blood loss during the dialysis procedure, increased erythropoiesis, and insufficient absorption of iron from the GI tract. (medscape.com)
Wrought7
  • It was reorganized in 1923 as the Wrought Iron Company of America before closing forever in the latter part of that year. (hmdb.org)
  • Create a clean, functional work space in your home office with a stylish hand-forged wrought iron desk designs. (timelesswroughtiron.com)
  • What materials are our wrought iron desks made of? (timelesswroughtiron.com)
  • How do I care for a wrought iron desk? (timelesswroughtiron.com)
  • Maintenance of our wrought iron desks is easy. (timelesswroughtiron.com)
  • Wrought Iron Fence and Gates to fit any space! (arusticgarden.com)
  • This pup looks like he would like to bolt but our 4ft wrought iron fencing will keep him contained and safe. (arusticgarden.com)
Metal7
  • The iron and steel industry is thus very important economically, and iron is the cheapest metal, with a price of a few dollars per kilogram or per pound (see Metal#uses). (wikipedia.org)
  • Iron is also the metal at the active site of many important redox enzymes dealing with cellular respiration and oxidation and reduction in plants and animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nordic Iron and Metal ltd. (behance.net)
  • Combined with Mizuno's vibration controlling V-Chassis and deep CG design, the JPX923 Hot Metal irons are as enjoyable and controllable as they are long. (worldwidegolfshops.com)
  • Our metal ventilated board differentiates itself from the earlier wooden ironing boards. (ironaway.com)
  • Our metal ventilated board allows steam to pass through the fabric keeping the surface dryer and providing a more even-heated ironing surface. (ironaway.com)
  • The new Mizuno Pro 225 irons are the most playable in the Pro series in a Hot Metal Blade design. (globalgolf.com)
Disorders1
Garment4
  • The garment bar is helpful when you have more than just a few garments to iron. (ironaway.com)
  • The garment bar can hold multiple clothes hangers, making it more convenient to perform continuous ironing. (ironaway.com)
  • No place to leave your iron when moving or turning your garment? (ironaway.com)
  • This allows for more useable space on the ironing board while making your garment adjustments. (ironaway.com)
Chef18
  • Parodying the cult Japanese TV program, "Iron Chef," the Exploratorium's Iron Science Teacher competition showcases science teachers as they devise classroom activities using a particular ingredient-an everyday item such as a plastic bag, a milk carton, or a nail. (exploratorium.edu)
  • Do you ever have a drink before shooting Iron Chef ? (thedailybeast.com)
  • I don't drink before going out to compete on Iron Chef . (thedailybeast.com)
  • How do you think you would fare on an Iron Chef ---like show for bartenders? (thedailybeast.com)
  • Rival cuisine master Kandagawa brings on his top apprentice, Katsumi Hanato to challenge Iron Chef Michiba in Battle Ayu. (foodnetwork.com)
  • Iron Chef is coming back! (yahoo.com)
  • This time the show returns in the form of Iron Chef Gauntlet , with none other than food guru Alton Brown at the helm. (yahoo.com)
  • Iron Chef started as a Japanese cooking show in 1993 and its mix of melodrama, competition and food skyrocketed the program to worldwide fame. (yahoo.com)
  • Its stateside adaptation Iron Chef America (not to be confused with the William Shatner-hosted , short-lived Iron Chef USA ) lasted 11 seasons on The Food Network. (yahoo.com)
  • Host Alton Brown revealing the Chairman Challenge, as seen on Iron Chef Gauntlet, Season 1. (yahoo.com)
  • This new version pits seven chefs against each other in competition for the chance to become an Iron Chef. (yahoo.com)
  • Then, week-by-week, chefs will be eliminated until one contestant is crowned Iron Chef. (yahoo.com)
  • Alton Brown, who served as host and commentator in Iron Chef America , is now back in the role of the Chairman and is excited to bring it back to the people who still love it. (yahoo.com)
  • He tells Mashable , 'I remember very well the first time I saw one of the Japanese programs [of Iron Chef ]. (yahoo.com)
  • He also says, 'To be an Iron Chef is a big deal. (yahoo.com)
  • Omg saw the preview for Iron Chef Gauntlet. (yahoo.com)
  • @altonbrown Soooo looking forward to Iron Chef Gauntlet. (yahoo.com)
  • Iron Chef Gauntlet's limited run premieres on April 16 at 9 p.m. (yahoo.com)
Pregnant women3
  • Iron status of pregnant women and young children (6-24 months) was the focus of two recent reports from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). (nih.gov)
  • Iron has also been used to ease fatigue and to support pregnant women. (epnet.com)
  • In children, iron deficiency causes developmental delays and behavioral disturbances, and in pregnant women, it increases the risk for a preterm delivery and delivering a low-birthweight baby. (cdc.gov)
Carbonyl1
  • Carbonyl iron is used as a substitute for ferrous sulfate. (medscape.com)
Tony Stark's2
  • Tony Stark's confidence is only matched by his high-flying abilities as the hero called Iron Man. (marvel.com)
  • Terrence Howard as Tony Stark's close friend Rhodey in "Iron Man. (fandango.com)
Absorb2
  • Causes of low iron levels include blood loss, poor diet, or an inability to absorb enough iron from foods. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Vitamin C-rich foods such as oranges, strawberries, and tomatoes help your body absorb iron. (nih.gov)
Marvel6
  • Get Marvel Studio's Iron Man 1, 2, & 3 in all-new 4K Ultra HD TODAY. (marvel.com)
  • Tony Stark and his Iron Man suits have proven to be a vital cog in the success of the Marvel narrative, but if we were to build an Iron Man suit in the real world, would it have a positive impact on society? (rte.ie)
  • Marvel Venom Venomized Iron Man Pop! (entertainmentearth.com)
  • Marvel Holiday Gingerbread Iron Man Pop! (entertainmentearth.com)
  • Vinyl Figure: This Marvel Holiday Gingerbread Iron Man Pop! (entertainmentearth.com)
  • Sure, the MCU is much more mature now than it was in 2011 when these earlier Marvel films debuted, but getting folks out into the theaters without Iron Man. (technobuffalo.com)
Vitamin3
  • It is also always a good idea to help the body keep iron levels where they need to be by maintaining a healthy diet that includes good sources of iron and vitamin C. (nih.gov)
  • Serve iron-rich foods alongside foods containing vitamin C (such as tomatoes, broccoli, oranges, and strawberries). (kidshealth.org)
  • Vitamin C improves the way the body absorbs iron. (kidshealth.org)
(youtube.com)
Iron-ons
Iron-ons (artlebedev.com)
The Iron Blosam
The Iron Blosam (visitsaltlake.com)
Concert will celebrate Hanover's iron history
Concert will celebrate Hanover's iron history (dailyrecord.com)
Generation Iron 3 - Movie Trailers - iTunes
Generation Iron 3 - Movie Trailers - iTunes (trailers.apple.com)
Bearden senior builds Iron Man replica suit
Bearden senior builds Iron Man replica suit (knoxnews.com)
Ghost Iron Bar - Item - World of Warcraft
Ghost Iron Bar - Item - World of Warcraft (wowhead.com)
Dark Iron Axe - Item - 10.0.0 PTR
Dark Iron Axe - Item - 10.0.0 PTR (wowhead.com)
Top Chef, Iron Chef wins helped propel Izard's stellar career
Top Chef, Iron Chef wins helped propel Izard's stellar career (jsonline.com)
Iron County Commission discusses 2017 budget
Iron County Commission discusses 2017 budget (thespectrum.com)
Iron Man | Steven Pressfield
Iron Man | Steven Pressfield (stevenpressfield.com)
Iron Rooster | Annapolis, MD
Iron Rooster | Annapolis, MD (visitannapolis.org)
Mickey Rourke será el malo de 'Iron Man 2'
Mickey Rourke será el malo de 'Iron Man 2' (europapress.es)
Shade-loving cast iron is one tough little plant
Shade-loving cast iron is one tough little plant (tallahassee.com)
Sanctuary Arts annual Iron Pour and Open House June 30
Sanctuary Arts annual Iron Pour and Open House June 30 (seacoastonline.com)
Iron Braydz | Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & Interviews
Iron Braydz | Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & Interviews (clashmusic.com)
Scarlett Johansson Talks Iron Man 2 - NBC Connecticut
Scarlett Johansson Talks "Iron Man 2" - NBC Connecticut (nbcconnecticut.com)
Iron Rail Brewing - Topeka KS, 66603
Iron Rail Brewing - Topeka KS, 66603 (travelks.com)
Cast-iron Man - Chronicles
Cast-iron Man - Chronicles (chroniclesmagazine.org)
2022 Harley-Davidson Iron 883 XL883N - Sherbrooke
2022 Harley-Davidson Iron 883 XL883N - Sherbrooke (autotrader.ca)
Cadillac Williams, Auburn football ready to 'go crazy' in the Iron Bowl
Cadillac Williams, Auburn football ready to 'go crazy' in the Iron Bowl (montgomeryadvertiser.com)
Peoria's flat-iron Kickapoo Building will be home to six apartment units
Peoria's flat-iron Kickapoo Building will be home to six apartment units (pjstar.com)
Washington, Iron counties home to 1,295 homeless, at-risk students
Washington, Iron counties home to 1,295 homeless, at-risk students (thespectrum.com)
Plug Valves for Steel or Iron Pipe | Victaulic
Plug Valves for Steel or Iron Pipe | Victaulic (victaulic.com)
Disneyland - Iron Man Experience, Hong Kong | ASSA ABLOY
Disneyland - Iron Man Experience, Hong Kong | ASSA ABLOY (assaabloy.com)
Milov.nl: iron
Milov.nl: iron (milov.nl)
Iron Gwazi Updates - Album on Imgur
Iron Gwazi Updates - Album on Imgur (imgur.com)
Beautiful Beast from Iron County, Hungary
Beautiful Beast from Iron County, Hungary (users.atw.hu)
COMICS CONTINUUM / Marvel Comics First Looks: Iron Cat #4
COMICS CONTINUUM / Marvel Comics First Looks: Iron Cat #4 (comicscontinuum.com)
Pumping iron with Overmyer
Pumping iron with Overmyer (thenews-messenger.com)
Iron Star Urban BBQ
Iron Star Urban BBQ (visitokc.com)
Price.com | iron maiden
Price.com | iron maiden (price.com)
Lodge 14 Cast Iron Baking Pan Review
Lodge 14" Cast Iron Baking Pan Review (thespruceeats.com)
2021 Harley-Davidson Iron 883 HARLEY*IRON883*LOW KMS - Aurora