Ipomoea
Ipomoea batatas
Ipomoea nil
Solanaceae
Plant Poisoning
Metschnikowia koreensis sp. nov., a novel yeast species isolated from flowers in Korea. (1/69)
A novel ascomycetous yeast was isolated from flowers of Lilium sp. and Ipomoea sp. in Korea. The name Metschnikowia koreensis sp. nov. (type strain SG99-34T = CBS 8854T = KCTC 7998T) is proposed for this novel species based on comparative sequence analyses of the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA and phenotypic characteristics. (+info)Anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic activity of Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb (Convolvulaceae). (2/69)
Ipomoea imperati (Convolvulaceae) lives on the sandy shores of the Brazilian coast and in other areas of the world. The anti-inflammatory activity of a methanol-water extract of the leaves of I. imperati was investigated in experimental models of acute and subchronic inflammation. Topical application of the extract (10 mg/ear) inhibited mouse ear edema induced by croton oil (89.0 +/- 1.3% by the lipid fraction with an IC50 of 3.97 mg/ear and 57.0 +/- 1.3% by the aqueous fraction with an IC50 of 3.5 mg/ear) and arachidonic acid (42.0 +/- 2.0% with an IC50 of 4.98 mg/ear and 31.0 +/- 2.0% with an IC50 of 4.72 mg/ear). Phospholipase A2, purified from Apis mellifera bee venom, was also inhibited by the extract (5.0 mg/ml lipid and aqueous fraction) in vitro in a dose-dependent manner (85% by the lipid fraction with an IC50 of 3.22 mg/ml and 25% by the aqueous fraction with an IC50 of 3.43 mg/ml). The methanol-water extract of I. imperati (1000 mg/kg) administered by the oral route also inhibited the formation of cotton pellet-induced granulomas (73.2 +/- 1.2% by the lipid fraction and 56.14 +/- 2.7% by the aqueous fraction) and did not cause gastric mucosal lesions. I. imperati extracts (10 mg/ml) also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the muscle contractions of guinea pig ileum induced by acetylcholine and histamine (IC50 of 1.60 mg/ml for the lipid fraction and 4.12 mg/ml for the aqueous fraction). These results suggest the use of I. imperati as an anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic agent in traditional medicine. (+info)The flowerpiercers' hook: an experimental test of an evolutionary trade-off. (3/69)
The evolution of features that enhance an organism's performance in one activity can adversely affect its performance in another. We used an experimental approach to document a trade-off associated with the evolution of the long hook at the tip of the bill of birds belonging to the genus Diglossa (flowerpiercers). In Diglossa, the more derived flower-robbing nectarivorous species have maxillae (upper jaws) that terminate in enlarged curved hooks. The ancestral frugivorous species have maxillae with relatively small hooks. We mimicked bill evolution by clipping the terminal bill hook of nectarivorous Cinnamon-bellied Flowerpiercers (Diglossa baritula) to resemble the frugivorous condition. We found that birds with experimentally shortened bills ingested fruit more efficiently, but had a reduced ability to rob flowers. Birds with intact bills, by contrast, were good flower robbers but poor frugivores. The evolution of a hooked bill endowed flowerpiercers with the ability to efficiently pierce flowers and extract nectar, but hindered their efficiency to feed on fruit. (+info)Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a CONSTANS homologue, PnCOL1, from Pharbitis nil. (4/69)
The Arabidopsis CONSTANS (CO) gene is a key regulator of the long day (LD)-dependent flowering pathway and two CO homologous genes COL1 and COL2 are involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm. In order to understand the role of CO and COL in short-day plants, a CO homologue, PnCOL1, was isolated and characterized from Japanese morning glory (Pharbitis nil). The deduced PnCOL1 protein of 386 amino acid residues contained two putative zinc finger motifs at the N-terminal region and a conserved CCT domain at the C-terminal region. The deduced amino acid sequence of PnCOL1 was 34% identical to that of PnCO, but 32%, 34%, and 34% identical to those of CO, COL1, and COL2, respectively. Expression of PnCOL1 was barely detected in the cotyledons of plants grown under continuous light (CL), but highly expressed in the cotyledons of plants grown under SD. Expression of PnCOL1 showed a pattern of circadian rhythm as well as daily oscillation. The overexpression of PnCOL1 by a 35S promoter did not overcome the late-flowering phenotype of Arabidopsis co mutants. The results provided in this study suggest that PnCOL1 may have a role in the circadian rhythm in Pharbitis nil. (+info)Evolutionary rate variation in anthocyanin pathway genes. (5/69)
Over a broad taxonomic range that spans monocots and dicots, upstream enzymes of the anthocyanin pigment pathway have evolved less rapidly than downstream enzymes. In this article we show that this pattern is also evident within the genus Ipomoea. Specifically, the most upstream enzyme, chalcone synthase (CHS-D), evolves more slowly than the two most downstream enzymes, ancyocyanidin synthase (ANS) and UDP glucose flavonoid 3-oxy-glucosyltransferase (UFGT). This pattern appears not to be due to variation in mutation rates, because the CHS-D gene exhibits higher synonymous substitution rates than the genes for the other two enzymes. Codon-based tests for positive selection suggest that it has been negligible or absent in all three genes. In addition, the mean number of indel-creating events is four times as high in the downstream genes as in CHS-D. Unlike the downstream genes, CHS-D also exhibits evidence of codon bias. Together, the evidence suggests that the difference in nonsynonymous substitution rates between upstream and downstream genes is due to relaxed constraint on the downstream genes rather than a greater frequency of positively selected substitutions. (+info)The genetic basis of a flower color polymorphism in the common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea). (6/69)
The common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea) is highly polymorphic for flower color. Part of this phenotypic variation is due to allelic variation at the P locus. This locus determines whether flowers will be purple or pink, where purple is dominant to pink. We have determined that the anthocyanin biosynthetic gene flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (f3'h) corresponds to the P locus. In the pink allele of f3'h there is a large insertion in the third exon, which results in the production of a truncated transcript. This shortened transcript produces a nonfunctional F3'H enzyme, resulting in the production of pink flowers rather than purple. In addition, we describe a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay that can be used to determine the genotype of a plant at this locus. (+info)Gibberellin induces alpha-amylase gene in seed coat of Ipomoea nil immature seeds. (7/69)
Two full-length cDNAs encoding gibberellin 3-oxidases, InGA3ox1 and InGA3ox2, were cloned from developing seeds of morning glory (Ipomoea nil (Pharbitis nil) Choisy cv. Violet) with degenerate-PCR and RACEs. The RNA-blot analysis for these clones revealed that the InGA3ox2 gene was organ-specifically expressed in the developing seeds at 6-18 days after anthesis. In situ hybridization showed the signals of InGA3ox2 mRNA in the seed coat, suggesting that active gibberellins (GAs) were synthesized in the tissue, although no active GA was detected there by immunohistochemistry. In situ hybridization analysis for InAmy1 (former PnAmy1) mRNA showed that InAmy1 was also synthesized in the seed coat. Both InGA3ox2 and InAmy1 genes were expressed spatially overlapped without a clear time lag, suggesting that both active GAs and InAmy1 were synthesized almost simultaneously in seed coat and secreted to the integument. These observations support the idea that GAs play an important role in seed development by inducing alpha-amylase. (+info)Absorption and metabolism of bisphenol A, a possible endocrine disruptor, in the aquatic edible plant, water convolvulus (Ipomoea aquatica). (8/69)
Water convolvulus, a vegetable, absorbed bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, from the medium. One week later, no BPA could be detected in the plant, indicating that BPA had been metabolized in the plant. BPA monoglucoside was detected as the BPA base at ca. 10% in the roots, some in the stems, but none in the leaves. (2)H-NMR analyses of MeOH extracts and hydrolyzates of the plant treated with BPA-d(16) showed the presence of metabolites (ca. 7% and 26%, respectively, as BPA equivalents) other than the glucoside. Over 50% of BPA might be polymerized and/or tightly bound in the plant residues. (+info)"Ipomoea" is a botanical term that refers to a genus of plants in the morning glory family, Convolvulaceae. These plants are primarily found in tropical and warm temperate regions around the world. Some species of Ipomoea have medicinal uses, but it's important to note that 'Ipomoea' itself is not a medical term or concept.
For instance, one species, Ipomoea batatas, commonly known as sweet potato, has been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating wounds and gastrointestinal disorders. However, any medicinal use would refer to the specific plant or extract, not simply the genus name 'Ipomoea'.
As always, if you're considering using any plant or herb for medicinal purposes, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider first to ensure safety and efficacy.
'Ipomoea batatas' is the scientific name for a plant species, commonly known as sweet potato. It is a starchy, root vegetable that comes in various colors and sizes. While I am primarily designed to answer legal, financial, and business questions, I can provide general information about various topics. However, for medical advice or information, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional.
I am not aware of a specific medical definition for 'Ipomoea nil.' The term 'Ipomoea nil' refers to a species of plant that is commonly known as "Japanese morning glory" or "Asian morning glory." It belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. While it does not have a direct medical definition, some of its parts and extracts may have been used in traditional medicine or folk remedies in certain cultures. However, it is essential to consult scientific literature and healthcare professionals for information on any potential medicinal uses, as they would be able to provide evidence-based insights and guidance.
"Solanaceae" is not a medical term but a taxonomic category in biology, referring to the Nightshade family of plants. This family includes several plants that have economic and medicinal importance, as well as some that are toxic or poisonous. Some common examples of plants in this family include:
- Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)
- Solanum tuberosum (potato)
- Capsicum annuum (bell pepper and chili pepper)
- Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)
- Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade)
- Hyoscyamus niger (henbane)
While Solanaceae isn't a medical term itself, certain plants within this family have medical significance. For instance, some alkaloids found in these plants can be used as medications or pharmaceutical precursors, such as atropine and scopolamine from Atropa belladonna, hyoscine from Hyoscyamus niger, and capsaicin from Capsicum species. However, it's important to note that many of these plants also contain toxic compounds, so they must be handled with care and used only under professional supervision.
Plant poisoning is a form of poisoning that occurs when someone ingests, inhales, or comes into contact with any part of a plant that contains toxic substances. These toxins can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the type and amount of plant consumed or exposed to, as well as the individual's age, health status, and sensitivity to the toxin.
Symptoms of plant poisoning may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, skin rashes, seizures, or in severe cases, even death. Some common plants that can cause poisoning include poison ivy, poison oak, foxglove, oleander, and hemlock, among many others.
If you suspect plant poisoning, it is important to seek medical attention immediately and bring a sample of the plant or information about its identity if possible. This will help healthcare providers diagnose and treat the poisoning more effectively.
Anthocyanins are a type of plant pigment that belong to the flavonoid group. They are responsible for providing colors ranging from red, purple, and blue to black in various fruits, vegetables, flowers, and leaves. Anthocyanins have been studied extensively due to their potential health benefits, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. They also play a role in protecting plants from environmental stressors such as UV radiation, pathogens, and extreme temperatures. Chemically, anthocyanins are water-soluble compounds that can form complex structures with other molecules, leading to variations in their color expression depending on pH levels.
Ipomoea
Ipomoea polymorpha
Ipomoea hederifolia
Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea purpurea
Ipomoea aequatoriensis
Ipomoea reptans
Ipomoea nil
Ipomoea trifida
Ipomoea cairica
Ipomoea × multifida
Ipomoea sagittata
Ipomoea barbatisepala
Ipomoea holubii
Ipomoea tastensis
Ipomoea abrupta
Ipomoea imperati
Ipomoea chrysocalyx
Ipomoea cordatotriloba
Ipomoea pandurata
Ipomoea triloba
Ipomoea coccinea
Ipomoea batatoides
Ipomoea kahloae
Ipomoea amnicola
Ipomoea bracteata
Ipomoea asarifolia
Ipomoea purga
Ipomoea lacunosa
Ipomoea tricolor
Ipomoea - Wikipedia
Ipomoea
Ipomoea aristolochiifolia - Wikispecies
Taxonomy browser (Ipomoea expansa)
Ipomoea steudelii
'Chocolate Explosion' Ipomoea nil in the Vines and Climbers forum - Garden...
Ipomoea purpurea Calflora
Ipomoea turneroides | International Plant Names Index
Ipomoea batatas in Flora of Pakistan @ efloras.org
Ipomoea and Tropaeolum
Ipomoea tricolor; Heavenly Blue
SEINet Portal Network - Ipomoea
Ipomoea lacunosa
Quality Ipomoea Seeds - Grow Morning Glory Seeds | Suttons
Ipomoea subrevoluta var. genuina Hassl. - The Plant List
Water Morning Glory (Ipomoea aquatica) · iNaturalist
Flora of Zimbabwe: Species information: Ipomoea humidicola
Ipomoea hederacea 'lavender' - Vines & Climbers, I
A Survey of Genetic Diversity of the Weedy Species Ipomoea lacunosa L. in the USA Mid-South
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 7681 : Association of Ipomoea carnea and BCG reduces birth defects caused by cyclophosphamide in...
CLC / Ipomoea Microelements (100X) | TS1044 - HiMedia Laboratories
Ualda : Ipomoea - Morning Glory : Grows on You
Ipomoea lacunosa - Species Page - ISB: Atlas of Florida Plants
Ipomoea cairica - Species Page - ISB: Atlas of Florida Plants
Ipomoea violacea seeds purple Morning glory for sale
Ipomoea pennata 'Cypress Vine' Seeds
Ipomoea quamoclit Cypress Vine Red 10 seeds - Georgia Vines
Ipomoea - Sprig
Batatas7
- 4. Ipomoea batatas (Linn. (efloras.org)
- J. C. Huang and M. Sun, "Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Sweet Potato and Its Wild Relatives in Ipomoea series Batatas (Convolvulaceae) as Revealed by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Restriction Analysis of Chloroplast DNA," Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 100, No. 7, 2000, pp. 1050-1060. (scirp.org)
- Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potatoes (PFSP) ( Ipomoea batatas ) are rich sources of acylated anthocyanins. (scialert.net)
- Pertumbuhan Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas. (unri.ac.id)
- Ipomoea batatas, commonly known as sweet potato vine, is another popular species of Ipomoea. (gardenia.net)
- Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (jcimjournal.com)
- In this study, we aimed to construct a detailed karyotype of six Ipomoea species (hexaploid Ipomoea batatas and five related species, namely, one tetraploid, I. tabascana and four diploids, I. splendor-sylvae, I. trifida, I. tenuissima, and I. × leucantha) and understand the relationship among these species. (au.dk)
Convolvulaceae9
- Ipomoea (/ˌɪpəˈmiː.ə, -oʊ-/) is the largest genus in the plant family Convolvulaceae, with over 600 species. (wikipedia.org)
- J. A. McDonald and T. J. Mabry, "Phylogenetic Systematic of New World Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) Based on Chloroplast DNA Restriction Site Variation," Plant Systematic Evolution, Vol. 180, 1992, pp. 243-259. (scirp.org)
- D. F. Austin and Z. Huáman, "A Synopsis of the Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas," Taxon, Vol. 45, 1996, pp. 3-38. (scirp.org)
- Purple morning glory or Ipomoea violacea is an annual herbaceous vine of the convolvulaceae family. (ethnoplants.com)
- From Wikipedia , "The genus Ipomoea (Greek Ips, Ipos, worm or bindweed and Homoeos, resembling, referring to the twining habit) is the largest in the family Convolvulaceae, with over 500 species. (sprig.co.za)
- Morning Glory (Ipomoea purpurea) is a flowering plant that belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. (gardenia.net)
- The genus Ipomoea belongs to the family Convolvulaceae and includes over 500 species of plants, many of which are popular ornamental plants. (gardenia.net)
- 1986. Especies adicionales del género Ipomoea [sic] (Convolvulaceae) en el Perú. (tropicos.org)
- Ipomoea is a plant genus that is part of the Convolvulaceae family. (homequestionsanswered.com)
Genus4
- Ipomoea is a genus of flowering plants commonly known as morning glories. (gardenia.net)
- Overall, Ipomoea is a diverse genus of plants with a wide range of ornamental and medicinal uses. (gardenia.net)
- A commonly cultivated plant from this genus is the heavenly blue variety of Ipomoea rubro-coerulea . (homequestionsanswered.com)
- Pest infestation is a common problem with plants in the Ipomoea genus. (homequestionsanswered.com)
Species13
- Their most widespread common name is morning glory, but some species in related genera bear that same common name and some Ipomoea species are known by different common names. (wikipedia.org)
- Human uses of Ipomoea include: Most species have spectacular, colorful flowers, and are often grown as ornamentals, and a number of cultivars have been developed. (wikipedia.org)
- New species of Ipomoea from Mexico and Central America. (wikimedia.org)
- With the help of an expert on Ipomoea, I identified the species as Ipomoea lacunosa . (robsplants.com)
- Ipomoea lacunosa is one of the most prevalent of these species. (scirp.org)
- Commonly known as the Cypress vine, this species of Ipomoea is native to Central America and Mexico and is widely cultivated as an ornamental, annual plant outside of tropical regions. (seedaholic.com)
- Ipomoea pennata is a species that is native to tropical regions of the New World from northern South America, Central American and Mexico. (seedaholic.com)
- Formerly known as Ipomoea quamoclit and Quamoclit coccinea, and distinguished from other species of Ipomoea by the salverform corolla and exerted stamens and style. (seedaholic.com)
- One of the most popular species of Ipomoea is Ipomoea purpurea, also known as common morning glory. (gardenia.net)
- Ipomoea tricolor, also known as Mexican morning glory or tricolor morning glory, is a species native to Mexico and Central America. (gardenia.net)
- Ipomoea lobata, commonly known as the Spanish flag or exotic love vine, is a species native to Mexico and South America. (gardenia.net)
- In addition to their ornamental value, some species of Ipomoea have medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicine for various ailments. (gardenia.net)
- The results enabled a detailed comparative cytogenetic analysis, providing valuable information to understand the relationship among these species and help assemble the genome sequence of the six Ipomoea species. (au.dk)
Purpurea2
- Like Argyreia nervosa or Ipomoea purpurea , they contain the same molecule. (ethnoplants.com)
- From the vibrant blooms of Ipomoea purpurea to the colorful foliage of sweet potato vine, these plants add beauty and interest to gardens and landscapes around the world. (gardenia.net)
Aquatica2
- The aim of this study was to examine possible antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of 95% ethanol or water extract from water spinach ( Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) organs. (sinica.edu.tw)
- The aquatic plant water spinach ( Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) grows wild and is cultivated throughout Southeast Asia and is a widely consumed vegetable in the region. (sinica.edu.tw)
Plants4
- After planting out ipomoea seedlings, water well as they establish, once the plants start to grow and climb, little watering is required. (suttons.co.uk)
- The Ipomoea plants need to be acclimatised to outside condition before planting out up against a sunny wall or shed. (suttons.co.uk)
- I'm getting into growing the caudiciform ipomoeas and other plants. (sprig.co.za)
- Ipomoeas are great additions to combination planters, but they can sometimes overwhelm less vigorous plants. (pwpvg.com)
Carnea2
- Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible protective effect of Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) and/or the aqueous fraction (AF) of the plant Ipomoea carnea on the decrease of the teratogenic effect resulting from cyclophosphamide (CP), an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drug, exposure in pregnant rats. (erowid.org)
- For example, Ipomoea carnea is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat epilepsy, while Ipomoea hederifolia is used to treat headaches and coughs in traditional Mexican medicine. (gardenia.net)
Lacunosa5
- To evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of I. lacunosa populations, we amplified inter-simple sequence repeats loci by polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR) of 64 accessions using 14 ISSR primers for Ipomoea. (scirp.org)
- D. O. Stephenson IV, L. R. Oliver, N. R. Burgos and E. E. Gbur Jr, "Identification and Characterization of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) Ecotypes," Weed Science, Vol. 54, No.1, 2006, pp. 78-86. (scirp.org)
- Ipomoea lacunosa L. (usf.edu)
- BASIONYM: Ipomoea lacunosa Linnaeus 1753. (usf.edu)
- Ipomoea triloba Linnaeus, forma lacunosa (Linnaeus) Nishiyama, Bot. (usf.edu)
Hederacea1
- C. D. Elmore, "Mode of Reproduction and Inheritance of Leaf Shape in Ipomoea hederacea," Weed Science, Vol. 34, 1986, pp. 391-395. (scirp.org)
Choisy3
- This name is a synonym of Ipomoea subrevoluta Choisy . (theplantlist.org)
- Ipomoea rosea Choisy, var. (usf.edu)
- Ipomoea frutescens Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. (kew.org)
18191
- BASIONYM: Ipomoea pulchella Roth ex Roemer & Schultes 1819. (usf.edu)
Tricolor1
- The photographer's identification Ipomoea tricolor has not been reviewed. (berkeley.edu)
Lobata1
- Ipomoea lobata , on the other hand, is usually called Spanish flag. (homequestionsanswered.com)
Funaria1
- Ipomoea funaria Larranaga Escritos 2: 78. (usf.edu)
Muricata1
- The peduncles or seed pods of Ipomoea muricata are consumed as a delicacy in the Indian state of Kerala. (wikipedia.org)
Tuberculata1
- BASIONYM: Ipomoea tuberculata (Desrousseaux) Roemer & Schultes, var. (usf.edu)
Morning glory3
- Why Grow Ipomoea (Morning Glory) From Seeds? (suttons.co.uk)
- The Ipomoea or Morning Glory as it's otherwise known will transform a dull garage wall or rickety fence and will take no time to cover to it. (suttons.co.uk)
- For example, Ipomoea pes-caprae is called goat-foot morning glory, while Ipomoea lindheimeri is commonly referred to as Lindheimer's morning glory. (homequestionsanswered.com)
Tabl1
- Ipomoea senegalensis Lamarck, Tabl. (usf.edu)
BASIONYM2
Syst2
Vines1
- Ipomoea pennata is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful of all annual vines. (seedaholic.com)
Plant1
- To keep the plant strong and robust ipomoea will enjoy a good foliar feed of potash to boost flower production, a tomato feed will suffice. (suttons.co.uk)
Seeds4
- Ipomoea flower seeds produce a humble little climber that will take you to the Mediterranean and make you feel like your garden is a holiday destination, or remind you of sunny vacations of the past. (suttons.co.uk)
- Start ipomoea seeds on a window-sill in a propagator . (suttons.co.uk)
- Ipomoea seeds should germinate within 5 to 20 days. (suttons.co.uk)
- The germination of Ipomoea violacea seeds will generally start after 2 to 5 weeks. (ethnoplants.com)
Morningglory1
- C. T. Bryson, K. N. Reddy and I. C. Burke, "Morphological Comparison of Morningglory (Ipomoea and Jacquemontia spp. (scirp.org)
Linnaea1
- Ipomoea bouvettii Duchassaing & Walpers, Linnaea 23: 752. (usf.edu)
Prevalent1
- Thrips are especially prevalent on chartreuse colored Ipomoea. (pwpvg.com)
Baker1
- https://www.bihrmann.com/caudiciforms/subs/tur-hol-sub.asp witch have the old synonyme Ipomoea holubii, Baker 1894. (sprig.co.za)
Family1
- The guy selling it didn't have much information for me but could tell me it was part of the Ipomoea family. (sprig.co.za)
Greek1
- Ipomoea is from the Greek ips meaning 'a worm' and homoios meaning 'resembling' thus 'like a worm,' referring to the twining habit of the plant's growth. (seedaholic.com)