An ionic monomeric contrast medium that was formerly used for a variety of diagnostic procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)

The transport of para-aminohippuric acid by the ciliary body and by the iris of the primate eye. (1/8)

Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) accumulates against a concentration gradient in the ciliary body and independently in the iris of the rhesus monkey eye. This accumulation is inhibited by incubation of 0 degrees C and shows saturation kinetics in both tissues. Cyanide, ouabain, dinitrophenol, iodopyracet, and probenecid effectively depress PAH uptake in both tissues, but anaerobic incubation conditions have little effect on uptake in either tissue. The washout of preaccumulated PAH occurs 2.5 times faster from the iris than from the ciliary body. The effects on washout of 10(-4)M PAH, 0 degrees C, and 10(-5)M dinitrophenol are consistent with washout occurring by a diffusional mechanism in both tissues, with some reaccumulation occurring in the ciliary body only. In addition, nonsaturable uptake of PAH, studied in both tissues under high PAH concentrations, also occurs significantly faster in the iris than in the ciliary body. The kinetic analysis of active PAH uptake in both tissues is discussed in terms of initial uptake and in terms of a steady-state model. This steady-state model compensates for some technical problems in applying in vitro incubation techniques to primate tissues and also includes a correction for the additional exchange processes that affect the two tissues differently. Results of the kinetic analysis suggest that, at least to an order of magnitude, iris uptake is significant with respect to ciliary body uptake.  (+info)

THE EFFECT OF UROGRAPHY ON RENAL FUNCTON IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA. (2/8)

Reports in the medical literature of seven patients with multiple myeloma who died of acute renal failure following intravenous urography prompted a study of 39 patients with multiple myeloma who were subjected to intravenous urography at the Cleveland Clinic from 1940 to 1959. Four developed acute renal failure and two died within three weeks. All four revealed evidence of renal damage, or insufficiency, or both prior to urography. Thirty-five patients, 15 of whom had renal damage, had no untoward reaction to intravenous urography. These observations suggest that urography is associated with a small but definite risk in patients who have multiple myeloma and renal involvement.  (+info)

Transport of 99mTc-MAG3 via rat renal organic anion transporter 1. (3/8)

Recently, complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding a p-aminohippurate (PAH) transporter designated rat organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) was isolated. OAT1, a multispecific organic anion transporter at the basolateral membrane, is exclusively expressed in the middle segment of the proximal tubule in the rat kidney. It has been proposed that OAT1 is indirectly involved in PAH uptake via the Na(+) dicarboxylate cotransporter. In this study, in molecular biologic experiments using OAT1-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes, we obtained evidence that (99m)Tc-mercaptoacetylglycylglycylglycine (MAG3) is transported via OAT1. METHODS: Capped OAT1 complementary RNA (cRNA) was synthesized from library plasmid cDNA linearized with BamHI using in vitro transcription. Defolliculated oocytes were injected with 10 ng of OAT1 cRNA. Two to 3 d after injection, uptake of (99m)Tc-MAG3 was measured using ND96 solution containing 18.5 kBq of (99m)Tc-MAG3. Before the uptake experiments, OAT1-expressing oocytes were preincubated for 2 h with 1 mmol/L glutarate (a dicarboxylate), to generate an outwardly directed glutarate gradient. Then, after incubation for 60 min at room temperature, radioactivity of oocytes was determined. For the inhibition experiments, uptake was assessed in the absence or presence of inhibitor: 2 mmol/L of PAH, o-iodohippurate (OIH), probenecid, 3,5-diiodo-4-pyridone-N-acetate (iodopyracet), furosemide, ethacrynic acid, glucoheptonate, maleic acid, L-Tyr, or tetraethylammonium (TEA) or 0.1 mmol/L of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). RESULTS: Na(+) had a significant effect on (99m)Tc-MAG3 uptake (P < 0.05). Accumulated glutarate stimulated simultaneous (99m)Tc-MAG3 uptake and glutarate excretion (P < 0.001). The following compounds significantly inhibited (99m)Tc-MAG3 uptake: PAH, 8.5% +/- 16.2% of (99m)Tc-MAG3 uptake in the absence of an inhibitor; OIH, 26.4% +/- 21.7%; probenecid, 29.1% +/- 12.4%; iodopyracet, 15.8% +/- 7.9%; furosemide, 30.5% +/- 15.7%; ethacrynic acid, 21.6% +/- 10.6%; glucoheptonate, 35.6% +/- 22.6%; and maleic acid, 60.1% +/- 18.7%. (99m)Tc-MAG3 accumulation in Xenopus laevis oocytes was not significantly inhibited by TEA, L-Tyr, or DNP. CONCLUSION: The following substances had a cis-inhibitory effect on (99m)Tc-MAG3 transport: PAH, OIH, probenecid, iodopyracet, furosemide, ethacrynic acid, and glucoheptonate. Glutarate had a trans-stimulative effect on (99m)Tc-MAG3 transport. (99m)Tc-MAG3 acts as a substrate of OAT1, an organic anion/dicarboxylate exchanger.  (+info)

Radiocontrast-induced renal failure. (4/8)

Review of the literature concerning contrast-induced renal dysfunction shows that the currently used agents are remarkably safe with careful patient selection. Clinically apparent kidney failure after their use is essentially nonexistent in those without preexistent renal insufficiency. The incidence rises rapidly in those with azotemia from any cause, however, and diabetic persons with nephropathy are perhaps at special risk. Vigorous volume expansion is possibly effective as a preventive measure and may attenuate adverse effects in those in whom postcontrast dysfunction occurs. New agents are becoming available. It is not yet known if these will prove safer or cost-effective. They have some experimentally demonstrated and theoretic advantages over the presently used agents.  (+info)

Pyrazinoate excretion in the chimpanzee. Relation to urate disposition and the actions of uricosuric drugs. (5/8)

These experiments were designed to define the renal disposition of pyrazinoic acid in a nonhuman primate that is phylogenetically close to man and to relate this to the effects of pyrazinoate on urate excretion. The renal clearance of pyrazinoate was almost always greater than the simultaneous glomerular filtration rate at plasma concentrations ranging from 1.9 to 960 mug/ml. Some inhibitors of tubular secretion, probenecid, MK-282 (an experimental, potent uricosuric drug), p-aminohippurate, iodopyracet, sulfinpyrazone, and mersalyl, reduced clearances of pyrazinoate to values far below filtration rate. Chlorothiazide, allopurinol, and salicylate did not. The clearance of pyrazinoate was not influenced by changes in urine flow. It is concluded that pyrazinoate is actively secreted and actively reabsorbed. Pyrazinoate had a dual effect on urate excretion. At concentrations in plasma less than 10 mug/ml there was a concentration related fall in urate/inulin clearance ratio, reaching values of 10-20% of control. Over the range of 10-100 mug/ml in plasma, the clearance of urate remained maximally depressed. At higher concentrations of pyrazinoate there was a concentration related increase in urate/inulin clearance ratio such that at pyrazinoate levels above 600 mug/ml a definite uricosuric response was obtained. Prior administration of pyrazinoate to give plasma levels of 20-140 mug/ml completely or almost completely prevented uricosuric responses to probenecid, PAH, chlorothiazide, and sulfinpyrazone. Iodopyracet, mersalyl, salicylate and N-acetyl-4-dibutylsulfamoyl-3-trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonamide (MK-282) retained significant uricosuric action, but the activities were probably less than normal. The results are consistent with a model of urate transport involving high rates of bidirectional transtubular flux.  (+info)

The influence of previous salt ingestion on the renal function of sheep subjected to intravenous hypertonic saline. (6/8)

1. Sheep, which had access to a solution containing 1.3% sodium chloride as their sole source of drinking water for 6 months or more, were infused with a hypertonic solution (10%) of sodium chloride, and their ability to tolerate this salt load was compared with that of a similar group of sheep which drank only rain water.2. The sheep which drank the rain water were often affected by the infusion and exhibited signs resembling potassium deficit. No such signs were apparent in the animals which consumed saline water.3. Glomerular filtration rates were increased in all sheep by the hypertonic saline infusion, the increases being greater in the sheep which were maintained on the saline water. Effective renal plasma flow rates, though extremely variable, behaved in a similar manner.4. Plasma values for sodium and chloride were increased in all sheep, but remained at a higher level for a longer period in the sheep which consumed rain water. The diuresis produced by hypertonic saline appeared to persist for a longer period in the sheep which drank rain water, while the excretion of sodium and chloride tended to be greater in the sheep maintained on saline water.5. Plasma potassium was reduced in all sheep and urinary excretion of potassium increased. The latter response was more pronounced in the sheep which drank the rain water.6. Filtered loads of sodium, chloride and potassium were greater in the sheep which were accustomed to drinking saline water. However, the amounts of potassium excreted were greater than those filtered in the rain water sheep and less than those filtered in the sheep which drank saline water. It therefore seems that secretion of potassium into the kidney tubules predominated in the former group and reabsorption prevailed in the latter.7. Reabsorption of free water in excess of solute was greater in the kidney tubules of the sheep which drank saline water.8. Increased blood volume and greater dilution of plasma proteins occurred in the sheep which drank rain water.  (+info)

The renal lesion associated with hemoglobinemia: a study of the pathogenesis of the excretory defect in the rat. (7/8)

The role of renal ischemia in the pathogenesis of the renal failure produced by hemoglobin injection in the rat is evaluated. The data indicate that in the initial hours of this lesion renal blood flow is consistently reduced and that during its subsequent evolution blood flow rises towards normal levels, in some animals, while inulin clearance remains severely depressed. Volume expansion during the initial stage of the lesion may effect a rise in renal blood flow to normal levels with little effect on inulin clearance rate, further demonstrating the relative lack of dependence of the excretory defect on concomitant renal ischemia. These observations indicate that renal ischemia is probably a necessary factor in the initial production of the lesion; that it persists during its initial phase, up to 24 hours in most rats; and that, although it may contribute to the observed excretory defect, it is not the predominant etiologic factor. Other functional data indicate that renal blood is perfusing nephrons in which the excretory capacity is impaired but which retain the ability to extract Diodrast from the peritubular capillaries. This functional pattern indicates an excretory defect secondary either to intratubular obstruction or to a primary reduction of glomerular filtration rate of undefined etiology. The morphological findings of numerous dense intratubular hemoglobin casts and, in the well-perfused kidney, dilatation of proximal tubules, are suggestive of an obstructive lesion. However, the data do not conclusively distinguish between these two pathogenetic mechanisms.  (+info)

The relation between secretion of urate and p-aminohippurate in the rabbit kidney. (8/8)

1. The renal excretion of urate in the rabbit was examined during infusion of other anions which are secreted by the kidney. A reduction of urate excretion occurred after administration of p-aminohippurate (PAH) and Diodrast which was proportional to the secretory rate of these compounds. On the other hand, urate was a less efficient inhibitor of PAH secretion.2. Stop-flow experiments showed that tubular secretion of urate at maximal values for secretion of PAH and Diodrast was almost completely suppressed.3. 2,4-Dinitrophenol, fumarate, succinate, salicylate, and probenecid depressed the excretion of urate and PAH, but the tubular secretion of urate was apparently more depressed than that of PAH by these inhibitors.4. It is concluded that a common transport system for urate and PAH is involved in the tubular secretion of urate and PAH in the rabbit. However, the affinity of urate for the transport system appears to be smaller than that of PAH.  (+info)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Iodopyracet" does not appear to be a recognized or established term in medical or pharmaceutical science. It's possible that you may have misspelled the name or it could be a term used in a specific context that I'm not aware of. If you intended to ask about a different term, please provide the correct spelling and I would be happy to help you find a definition for it.

"A model for measuring renal blood flow from plasma disappearance of iodopyracet". Journal of Applied Physiology. 28 (1): 79-88 ...
... iodopyracet MeSH D03.383.725.791.496.750 - propyliodone MeSH D03.383.725.791.550 - mimosine MeSH D03.383.725.791.900 - ...
iodopyracet answers are found in the Tabers Medical Dictionary powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, ... "Iodopyracet." Tabers Medical Dictionary, 24th ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2021. Nursing Central, nursing.unboundmedicine.com/ ... nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/729648/all/iodopyracet. Iodopyracet. In: Venes DD, ed. Tabers Medical Dictionary. F.A. ... Iodopyracet [Internet]. In: Venes DD, editors. Tabers Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company; 2021. [cited 2023 December 02]. ...
"A model for measuring renal blood flow from plasma disappearance of iodopyracet". Journal of Applied Physiology. 28 (1): 79-88 ...
iodopyracet (i-o′do-pi′ra-set). A radiographic contrast medium formerly used for intravenous urography; also used to determine ...
IODOPYRACET] 6. ՅՈԴ, ԻԶՈՏՈՊՆԵՐ [IODINE ISOTOPES] 22. ՅՈԴՊԻՐԻԴՈՆՆԵՐ [IODOPYRIDONES] 7. ՅՈԴ, ՌԱԴԻՈԱԿՏԻՎ ԻԶՈՏՈՊՆԵՐ [IODINE ...
... iodopyracet; iodopyridones; iodoquinine; iodoquinol; iodotherapy; iodothyronines; iodotyrosine; iodotyrosine deiodase; ...
Iodopyracet. α-Farnesene. Xanomeline. p-Aminohippuric Acid. Glycarsamide. Cupric Tartrate. Loprazolam. Fluoroacetamide. ...
Kardiotrast use Iodopyracet Karela use Momordica charantia Karelas use Momordica charantia Karlsbad Aqua use Carlsbad Aqua ...
Kardiotrast use Iodopyracet Karela use Momordica charantia Karelas use Momordica charantia Karlsbad Aqua use Carlsbad Aqua ...
Kardiotrast use Iodopyracet Karela use Momordica charantia Karelas use Momordica charantia Karlsbad Aqua use Carlsbad Aqua ...
Kardiotrast use Iodopyracet Karela use Momordica charantia Karelas use Momordica charantia Karlsbad Aqua use Carlsbad Aqua ...
Kardiotrast use Iodopyracet Karela use Momordica charantia Karelas use Momordica charantia Karlsbad Aqua use Carlsbad Aqua ...
IODOPYRACET,Iodopyracet,canSAR1212462 , Compound overview, Drug targets, Compound forms, Similar compounds , canSARS ...
Diodrast (iodopyracet) was a contrasting agent used to track areas of activity in the kidneys. This study used Diodrast tagged ...
Iodopyracet Current Synonym true false 492742016 Diodone Current Synonym true false 67905015 Iodopyracet Current Synonym true ...
Iodopyracet Preferred Term Term UI T022443. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID ... Iodopyracet Preferred Concept UI. M0011668. Registry Number. ZTK4026YJ5. Related Numbers. 300-37-8. Scope Note. An ionic ... Iodopyracet. Tree Number(s). D03.383.725.791.496.371. Unique ID. D007468. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ ...
Iodopyracet Preferred Term Term UI T022443. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID ... Iodopyracet Preferred Concept UI. M0011668. Registry Number. ZTK4026YJ5. Related Numbers. 300-37-8. Scope Note. An ionic ... Iodopyracet. Tree Number(s). D03.383.725.791.496.371. Unique ID. D007468. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ ...
... iodopyracet, E0002109,Dionosil,propyliodone, E0002119,Disipal,orphenadrine hydrochloride, E0002176,Duphalac,lactulose, E0002363 ...
Iodopyracet(Diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium--urographic).). *Iodopyrrole(Antiseptic (local).). *Iodoquinol(Antiamebic.). * ...
C80645 35ZC5024YS IODOL C65933 7ZB9KVX88I IODOMETHAMATE C83823 EER9874LXT IODOMETHAMATE SODIUM C80951 ZTK4026YJ5 IODOPYRACET ...
Diodrast (iodopyracet) was a contrasting agent used to track areas of activity in the kidneys. This study used Diodrast tagged ...
Diodrast (iodopyracet) was a contrasting agent used to track areas of activity in the kidneys. This study used Diodrast tagged ...
Diodrast (iodopyracet) was a contrasting agent used to track areas of activity in the kidneys. This study used Diodrast tagged ...
Diodrast (iodopyracet) was a contrasting agent used to track areas of activity in the kidneys. This study used Diodrast tagged ...
of 70% iodopyracet (Diodrast) solution was injected rapidly, and a single film was 4 exposed. The aorta and the extensive ...
Iodopyracet. Prozapine. 2,4,6-Tribromoaniline. Bromic Acid. Carbon Dioxide. Benactyzine. Bis(1-methylamyl) Sodium ...
CONTRAST MEDIA IODOPYRACET CONTRAST MEDIA IOGLYCAMIC ACID CONTRAST MEDIA IOHEXOL CONTRAST MEDIA IOPAMIDOL CONTRAST MEDIA ...
Iodopyracet [D03.383.725.791.496.371] Iodopyracet * Propyliodone [D03.383.725.791.496.750] Propyliodone * Mimosine [D03.383. ...
Devices (Form number 26 in any NLM schedule where applicable) ...
  • Diodrast (iodopyracet) was a contrasting agent used to track areas of activity in the kidneys. (nih.gov)