Iodine radioisotopes. Medical search

A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Unstable isotopes of zinc that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Zn atoms with atomic weights 60-63, 65, 69, 71, and 72 are radioactive zinc isotopes.

Inorganic compounds that contain iodine as an integral part of the molecule.

Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of krypton that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Kr atoms with atomic weights 74-77, 79, 81, 85, and 87-94 are radioactive krypton isotopes.

A form of IODINE deficiency disorders characterized by an enlargement of the THYROID GLAND in a significantly large fraction of a POPULATION GROUP. Endemic goiter is common in mountainous and iodine-deficient areas of the world where the DIET contains insufficient amount of iodine.

Unstable isotopes of indium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. In atoms with atomic weights 106-112, 113m, 114, and 116-124 are radioactive indium isotopes.

Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).

Unstable isotopes of sodium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Na atoms with atomic weights 20-22 and 24-26 are radioactive sodium isotopes.

The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.

The spontaneous transformation of a nuclide into one or more different nuclides, accompanied by either the emission of particles from the nucleus, nuclear capture or ejection of orbital electrons, or fission. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Unstable isotopes of barium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ba atoms with atomic weights 126-129, 131, 133, and 139-143 are radioactive barium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of tin that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Sn atoms with atomic weights 108-111, 113, 120-121, 123 and 125-128 are tin radioisotopes.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of iron that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Fe atoms with atomic weights 52, 53, 55, and 59-61 are radioactive iron isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of copper that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cu atoms with atomic weights 58-62, 64, and 66-68 are radioactive copper isotopes.

A highly vascularized endocrine gland consisting of two lobes joined by a thin band of tissue with one lobe on each side of the TRACHEA. It secretes THYROID HORMONES from the follicular cells and CALCITONIN from the parafollicular cells thereby regulating METABOLISM and CALCIUM level in blood, respectively.

Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.

An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

High energy POSITRONS or ELECTRONS ejected from a disintegrating atomic nucleus.

Sodium chloride used in foods.

The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.

Unstable isotopes of mercury that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Hg atoms with atomic weights 185-195, 197, 203, 205, and 206 are radioactive mercury isotopes.

A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.

Stable cesium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cesium, but differ in atomic weight. Cs-133 is a naturally occurring isotope.

Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.

Unstable isotopes of cerium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ce atoms with atomic weights 132-135, 137, 139, and 141-148 are radioactive cerium isotopes.

Stable cobalt atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cobalt, but differ in atomic weight. Co-59 is a stable cobalt isotope.

A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)

Hafnium. A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Unstable isotopes of gold that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Au 185-196, 198-201, and 203 are radioactive gold isotopes.

Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order to deliver toxins directly to tumor targets. Therapy with targeted radiation rather than antibody-targeted toxins (IMMUNOTOXINS) has the advantage that adjacent tumor cells, which lack the appropriate antigenic determinants, can be destroyed by radiation cross-fire. Radioimmunotherapy is sometimes called targeted radiotherapy, but this latter term can also refer to radionuclides linked to non-immune molecules (see RADIOTHERAPY).

Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Pb atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes.

Any diagnostic evaluation using radioactive (unstable) isotopes. This diagnosis includes many nuclear medicine procedures as well as radioimmunoassay tests.

Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, atomic number 85, and atomic weight 210. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Stable zinc atoms that have the same atomic number as the element zinc, but differ in atomic weight. Zn-66-68, and 70 are stable zinc isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of sulfur that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. S 29-31, 35, 37, and 38 are radioactive sulfur isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of cadmium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cd atoms with atomic weights 103-105, 107, 109, 115, and 117-119 are radioactive cadmium isotopes.

Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)

Inorganic binary compounds of iodine or the I- ion.

Complexes of iodine and non-ionic SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS acting as carrier and solubilizing agent for the iodine in water. Iodophors usually enhance bactericidal activity of iodine, reduce vapor pressure and odor, minimize staining, and allow wide dilution with water. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Pollutants, present in soil, which exhibit radioactivity.

Lutetium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.

Rhenium. A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.2, symbol Re. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Thyrotropin stimulates THYROID GLAND by increasing the iodide transport, synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). Thyrotropin consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH; LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Unstable isotopes of bromine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Br atoms with atomic weights 74-78, 80, and 82-90 are radioactive bromine isotopes.

Samarium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.

Detection and counting of scintillations produced in a fluorescent material by ionizing radiation.

Leakage and accumulation of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID in the subdural space which may be associated with an infectious process; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; INTRACRANIAL HYPOTENSION; and other conditions.

Stable calcium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element calcium, but differ in atomic weight. Ca-42-44, 46, and 48 are stable calcium isotopes.

Liquid, solid, or gaseous waste resulting from mining of radioactive ore, production of reactor fuel materials, reactor operation, processing of irradiated reactor fuels, and related operations, and from use of radioactive materials in research, industry, and medicine. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Normal human serum albumin mildly iodinated with radioactive iodine (131-I) which has a half-life of 8 days, and emits beta and gamma rays. It is used as a diagnostic aid in blood volume determination. (from Merck Index, 11th ed)

A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.

The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.

Unstable isotopes of ruthenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ru atoms with atomic weights 93-95, 97, 103, and 105-108 are radioactive ruthenium isotopes.

Blood tests used to evaluate the functioning of the thyroid gland.

A preparation of oil that contains covalently bound IODINE. It is commonly used as a RADIOCONTRAST AGENT and as a suspension medium for CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS.

Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.

Stable iodine atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iodine, but differ in atomic weight. I-127 is the only naturally occurring stable iodine isotope.

Unstable isotopes of selenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Se atoms with atomic weights 70-73, 75, 79, 81, and 83-85 are radioactive selenium isotopes.

Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two NEUTRONS, i.e. equivalent to HELIUM nuclei, which are emitted during disintegration of heavy ISOTOPES. Alpha rays have very strong ionizing power, but weak penetrability.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

A class of organic compounds containing a ring structure made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The ring structure can be aromatic or nonaromatic.

A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.

Tungsten. A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.

Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.

Atomic species differing in mass number but having the same atomic number. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A type of high-energy radiotherapy using a beam of gamma-radiation produced by a radioisotope source encapsulated within a teletherapy unit.

An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.

A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA.

Measurement of radioactivity in the entire human body.

Determination of the energy distribution of gamma rays emitted by nuclei. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A specialty field of radiology concerned with diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative use of radioactive compounds in a pharmaceutical form.

A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.

The measurement of radiation by photography, as in x-ray film and film badge, by Geiger-Mueller tube, and by SCINTILLATION COUNTING.

Natural hormones secreted by the THYROID GLAND, such as THYROXINE, and their synthetic analogs.

Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.

The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).

Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.

A form species of spore-producing CYANOBACTERIA, in the family Nostocaceae, order Nostocales. It is an important source of fixed NITROGEN in nutrient-depleted soils. When wet, it appears as a jelly-like mass.

A hemeprotein that catalyzes the oxidation of the iodide radical to iodine with the subsequent iodination of many organic compounds, particularly proteins. EC 1.11.1.8.

Unstable isotopes of cesium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cs atoms with atomic weights of 123, 125-132, and 134-145 are radioactive cesium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of potassium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. K atoms with atomic weights 37, 38, 40, and 42-45 are radioactive potassium isotopes.

An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodine, it can be used for studies of renal function.

Compounds that contain the Cl(=O)(=O)(=O)O- structure. Included under this heading is perchloric acid and the salts and ester forms of perchlorate.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.

A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE).

Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.

A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.

An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.

A collective term for interstitial, intracavity, and surface radiotherapy. It uses small sealed or partly-sealed sources that may be placed on or near the body surface or within a natural body cavity or implanted directly into the tissues.

State of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.

Inorganic salts of iodic acid (HIO3).

A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.

Inflammatory disease of the THYROID GLAND due to autoimmune responses leading to lymphocytic infiltration of the gland. It is characterized by the presence of circulating thyroid antigen-specific T-CELLS and thyroid AUTOANTIBODIES. The clinical signs can range from HYPOTHYROIDISM to THYROTOXICOSIS depending on the type of autoimmune thyroiditis.

A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.

A diagnostic procedure used to determine whether LYMPHATIC METASTASIS has occurred. The sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node to receive drainage from a neoplasm.

A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.

The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, atomic number 83 and atomic weight 208.98.

A specific protein in egg albumin that interacts with BIOTIN to render it unavailable to mammals, thereby producing biotin deficiency.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

99mTc-labeled vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor agonist: functional studies. (1/6522)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a naturally occurring 28-amino acid peptide with a wide range of biological activities. Recent reports suggest that VIP receptors are expressed on a variety of malignant tumor cells and that the receptor density is higher than for somatostatin. Our aims were to label VIP with 99mTc--a generator-produced, inexpensive radionuclide that possesses ideal characteristics for scintigraphic imaging--and to evaluate 99mTc-VIP for bioactivity and its ability to detect experimental tumors. METHODS: VIP28 was modified at the carboxy terminus by the addition of four amino acids that provided an N4 configuration for a strong chelation of 99mTc. To eliminate steric hindrance, 4-aminobutyric acid (Aba) was used as a spacer. VIP28 was labeled with 1251, which served as a control. Biological activity of the modified VIP28 agonist (TP3654) was examined in vitro using a cell-binding assay and an opossum internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle relaxivity assay. Tissue distribution studies were performed at 4 and 24 h after injection, and receptor-blocking assays were also performed in nude mice bearing human colorectal cancer LS174T. Blood clearance was examined in normal Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS: The yield of 99mTc-TP3654 was quantitative, and the yields of 125I-VIP and 1251-TP3654 were >90%. All in vitro data strongly suggested that the biological activity of 99mTc-TP3654 agonist was equivalent to that of VIP28. As the time after injection increased, radioactivity in all tissues decreased, except in the receptor-enriched tumor (P = 0.84) and in the lungs (P = 0.78). The tumor uptake (0.23 percentage injected dose per gram of tissue [%ID/g]) was several-fold higher than 125I-VIP (0.06 %ID/g) at 24 h after injection in the similar system. In mice treated with unlabeled VIP or TP3654, the uptake of 99mTc-TP3654 decreased in all VIP receptor-rich tissues except the kidneys. The blood clearance was biphasic; the alpha half-time was 5 min and the beta half-time was approximately 120 min. CONCLUSION: VIP28 was modified and successfully labeled with 99mTc. The results of all in vitro examinations indicated that the biological activity of TP3654 was equivalent to that of native VIP28 and tumor binding was receptor specific. (+info)

Peripheral autoantigen induces regulatory T cells that prevent autoimmunity. (2/6522)

Previous studies have shown that autoimmune thyroiditis can be induced in normal laboratory rats after thymectomy and split dose gamma-irradiation. Development of disease can be prevented by reconstitution of PVG rats shortly after their final irradiation with either peripheral CD4(+)CD45RC- T cells or CD4(+)CD8(-) thymocytes from syngeneic donors. Although the activity of both populations is known to depend on the activities of endogenously produced interleukin 4 and transforming growth factor beta, implying a common mechanism, the issue of antigen specificity of the cells involved has not yet been addressed. In this study, we show that the regulatory T cells that prevent autoimmune thyroiditis are generated in vivo only when the relevant autoantigen is also present. Peripheral CD4(+) T cells, from rats whose thyroids were ablated in utero by treatment with 131I, were unable to prevent disease development upon adoptive transfer into thymectomized and irradiated recipients. This regulatory deficit is specific for thyroid autoimmunity, since CD4(+) T cells from 131I-treated PVG.RT1(u) rats were as effective as those from normal donors at preventing diabetes in thymectomized and irradiated PVG.RT1(u) rats. Significantly, in contrast to the peripheral CD4(+) T cells, CD4(+)CD8(-) thymocytes from 131I-treated PVG donors were still able to prevent thyroiditis upon adoptive transfer. Taken together, these data indicate that it is the peripheral autoantigen itself that stimulates the generation of the appropriate regulatory cells from thymic emigrant precursors. (+info)

Proliferative effects of cholecystokinin in GH3 pituitary cells mediated by CCK2 receptors and potentiated by insulin. (3/6522)

1. Proliferative effects of CCK peptides have been examined in rat anterior pituitary GH3 cells, which express CCK2 receptors. 2. CCK-8s, gastrin(1-17) and its glycine-extended precursor G(1-17)-Gly, previously reported to cause proliferation via putative novel sites on AR4-2J and Swiss 3T3 cells, elicited significant dose dependent increases of similar magnitude in [3H]thymidine incorporation over 3 days in serum-free medium of 39 +/- 10% (P < 0.01, n = 20), 37 +/- 8% (P < 0.01, n = 27) and 41 +/- 6% (P < 0.01, n = 36) respectively. 3. CCK-8s and gastrin potentially stimulated mitogenesis (EC50 values 0.12 nM and 3.0 nM respectively), whilst G-Gly displayed similar efficacy but markedly lower potency. L-365,260 consistently blocked each peptide. The CCK2 receptor affinity of G-Gly in GH3 cells was 1.09 microM (1.01;1.17, n = 6) and 5.53 microM (3.71;5.99, n = 4) in guinea-pig cortex. 4. 1 microM G-Gly weakly stimulated Ca2+ increase, eliciting a 104 +/- 21% increase over basal Ca2+ levels, and was blocked by 1 microM L-365,260 whilst CCK-8s (100 nM) produced a much larger Ca2+ response (331 +/- 14%). 5. Insulin dose dependently enhanced proliferative effects of CCK-8s with a maximal leftwards shift of the CCK-8s curve at 100 ng ml(-1) (17 nM) (EC50 decreased 500 fold, from 0.1 nM to 0.2 pM; P < 0.0001). 10 microg ml(-1) insulin was supramaximal reducing the EC50 to 5 pM (P = 0.027) whilst 1 ng ml(-1) insulin was ineffective. Insulin weakly displaced [125I]BHCCK binding to GH3 CCK2 receptors (IC50 3.6 microM). 6. Results are consistent with mediation of G-Gly effects via CCK2 receptors in GH3 cells and reinforce the role of CCK2 receptors in control of cell growth. Effects of insulin in enhancing CCK proliferative potency may suggest that CCK2 and insulin receptors converge on common intracellular targets and indicates that mitogenic stimuli are influenced by the combination of extracellular factors present. (+info)

Streptavidin facilitates internalization and pulmonary targeting of an anti-endothelial cell antibody (platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1): a strategy for vascular immunotargeting of drugs. (4/6522)

Conjugation of drugs with antibodies to surface endothelial antigens is a potential strategy for drug delivery to endothelium. We studied antibodies to platelet-endothelial adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1, a stably expressed endothelial antigen) as carriers for vascular immunotargeting. Although 125I-labeled anti-PECAM bound to endothelial cells in culture, the antibody was poorly internalized by the cells and accumulated poorly after intravenous administration in mice and rats. However, conjugation of biotinylated anti-PECAM (b-anti-PECAM) with streptavidin (SA) markedly stimulated uptake and internalization of anti-PECAM by endothelial cells and by cells expressing PECAM. In addition, conjugation with streptavidin markedly stimulated uptake of 125I-labeled b-anti-PECAM in perfused rat lungs and in the lungs of intact animals after either intravenous or intraarterial injection. The antioxidant enzyme catalase conjugated with b-anti-PECAM/SA bound to endothelial cells in culture, entered the cells, escaped intracellular degradation, and protected the cells against H2O2-induced injury. Anti-PECAM/SA/125I-catalase accumulated in the lungs after intravenous injection or in the perfused rat lungs and protected these lungs against H2O2-induced injury. Thus, modification of a poor carrier antibody with biotin and SA provides an approach for facilitation of antibody-mediated drug targeting. Anti-PECAM/SA is a promising candidate for vascular immunotargeting of bioactive drugs. (+info)

An endocytic pathway essential for renal uptake and activation of the steroid 25-(OH) vitamin D3. (5/6522)

Steroid hormones may enter cells by diffusion through the plasma membrane. However, we demonstrate here that some steroid hormones are taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis of steroid-carrier complexes. We show that 25-(OH) vitamin D3 in complex with its plasma carrier, the vitamin D-binding protein, is filtered through the glomerulus and reabsorbed in the proximal tubules by the endocytic receptor megalin. Endocytosis is required to preserve 25-(OH) vitamin D3 and to deliver to the cells the precursor for generation of 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3, a regulator of the calcium metabolism. Megalin-/- mice are unable to retrieve the steroid from the glomerular filtrate and develop vitamin D deficiency and bone disease. (+info)

Conformational changes in the A3 domain of von Willebrand factor modulate the interaction of the A1 domain with platelet glycoprotein Ib. (6/6522)

Bitiscetin has recently been shown to induce von Willebrand factor (vWF)-dependent aggregation of fixed platelets (Hamako J, et al, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 226:273, 1996). We have purified bitiscetin from Bitis arietans venom and investigated the mechanism whereby it promotes a form of vWF that is reactive with platelets. In the presence of bitiscetin, vWF binds to platelets in a dose-dependent and saturable manner. The binding of vWF to platelets involves glycoprotein (GP) Ib because it was totally blocked by monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 6D1 directed towards the vWF-binding site of GPIb. The binding also involves the GPIb-binding site of vWF located on the A1 domain because it was inhibited by MoAb to vWF whose epitopes are within this domain and that block binding of vWF to platelets induced by ristocetin or botrocetin. However, in contrast to ristocetin or botrocetin, the binding site of bitiscetin does not reside within the A1 domain but within the A3 domain of vWF. Thus, among a series of vWF fragments, 125I-bitiscetin only binds to those that overlap the A3 domain, ie, SpIII (amino acid [aa] 1-1365), SpI (aa 911-1365), and rvWF-A3 domain (aa 920-1111). It does not bind to SpII corresponding to the C-terminal part of vWF subunit (aa 1366-2050) nor to the 39/34/kD dispase species (aa 480-718) or T116 (aa 449-728) overlapping the A1 domain. In addition, bitiscetin that does not bind to DeltaA3-rvWF (deleted between aa 910-1113) has no binding site ouside the A3 domain. The localization of the binding site of bitiscetin within the A3 domain was further supported by showing that MoAb to vWF, which are specific for this domain and block the interaction between vWF and collagen, are potent inhibitors of the binding of bitiscetin to vWF and consequently of the bitiscetin-induced binding of vWF to platelets. Thus, our data support the hypothesis that an interaction between the A1 and A3 domains exists that may play a role in the function of vWF by regulating the ability of the A1 domain to bind to platelet GPIb. (+info)

Contribution of extracranial lymphatics and arachnoid villi to the clearance of a CSF tracer in the rat. (7/6522)

The objective of this study was to determine the relative roles of arachnoid villi and cervical lymphatics in the clearance of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tracer in rats. 125I-labeled human serum albumin (125I-HSA; 100 micrograms) was injected into one lateral ventricle, and an Evans blue dye-rat protein complex was injected intravenously. Arterial blood was sampled for 3 h. Immediately after this, multiple cervical vessels were ligated in the same animals, and plasma recoveries were monitored for a further 3 h after the intracerebroventricular injection of 100 micrograms 131I-HSA. Tracer recovery in plasma at 3 h averaged (%injected dose) 0.697 +/- 0.042 before lymphatic ligation and dropped significantly to 0.357 +/- 0. 060 after ligation. Estimates of the rate constant associated with the transport of the CSF tracer to plasma were also significantly lower after obstruction of cervical lymphatics (from 0.584 +/- 0. 072/h to 0.217 +/- 0.056/h). No significant changes were observed in sham-operated animals. Assuming that the movement of the CSF tracer to plasma in lymph-ligated animals was a result of arachnoid villi clearance, we conclude that arachnoid villi and extracranial lymphatic pathways contributed equally to the clearance of the CSF tracer from the cranial vault. (+info)

Bioavailability and toxicity after oral administration of m-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). (8/6522)

meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) radiolabelled with iodine-131 is used for diagnosis and treatment of neuroadrenergic neoplasms such as phaeochromocytoma and neuroblastoma. In addition, non-radiolabelled MIBG, administered i.v., is used in several clinical studies. These include palliation of the carcinoid syndrome, in which MIBG proved to be effective in 60% of the patients. Oral MIBG administration might be convenient to maintain palliation and possibly improve the percentage of responders. We have, therefore, investigated the feasibility of oral administration of MIBG in an animal model. Orally administered MIBG demonstrated a bioavailability of 59%, with a maximal tolerated dose of 60 mg kg(-1). The first and only toxicity encountered was a decrease in renal function, measured by a reduced clearance of [51Cr]EDTA and accompanied by histological tubular damage. Repeated MIBG administration of 40 mg kg(-1) for 5 sequential days or of 20 mg kg(-1) for two courses of 5 sequential days with a 2-day interval did not affect renal clearance and was not accompanied by histological abnormalities in kidney, stomach, intestines, liver, heart, lungs, thymus, salivary glands and testes. Because of a sufficient bioavailability in absence of gastrointestinal toxicity, MIBG is considered suitable for further clinical investigation of repeated oral administration in patients. (+info)

Radioisotope renography. *Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. *Radioactive iodine uptake test. *Bone scintigraphy. * ... Main article: Radioactive iodine uptake test. To detect metastases/function of thyroid, the isotopes technetium-99m or iodine- ... Mandel SJ, Shankar LK, Benard F, Yamamoto A, Alavi A (January 2001). "Superiority of iodine-123 compared with iodine-131 ... Main article: Radioisotope renography. Full body[edit]. Examples are gallium scans, indium white blood cell scans, iobenguane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintigraphy

Radioisotope renography. *Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. *Radioactive iodine uptake test. *Bone scintigraphy. * ... Main article: Radioactive iodine uptake test. To detect metastases/function of thyroid, the isotopes iodine-131 or technetium- ... Main article: Radioisotope renography. Full body[edit]. Examples are gallium scans, indium white blood cell scans, iobenguane ... Certain tests, such as the Schilling test and urea breath test, use radioisotopes but are not used to produce a specific image ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintiscan

... which suggests that seaweed is an iodine hyperaccumulator. Synthetic radioisotopes also can be detected in silt. Busby[citation ... Some of these radioisotopes are tritium, carbon-14 and phosphorus-32. Here is a list of radioisotopes formed by the action of ... This radioisotope can be released from the nuclear fuel cycle; this is the radioisotope responsible for the majority of the ... In addition some natural radioisotopes are present. A recent paper reports the levels of long-lived radioisotopes in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_radioactivity

For imaging neuroblastoma, it is labelled with one of the radioisotopes iodine-124 and iodine-131. Monoclonal antibody therapy ... "Radioimmunodetection of neuroblastoma with iodine-131-3F8: correlation with biopsy, iodine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3F8

Mann, W.; Bale, W. F. (1949). "The distribution in rabbit tissues of intravenously injected iodine as shown by the radioisotope ... UR-637 UR Rep, 86(), 1-22 R. W. Helmkamp, M. A. Contreras, W. F. Bale, THE DETERMINATION OF TOTAL IODINE IN I-131-IODIDE ... Helmkamp, R. W.; Contreras, M. A.; Bale, W. F. (1967). "I-131-labeling of proteins by the iodine monochloride method". Int J ... McCardle, R. J.; Harper, P. V.; Spar, I. L.; Bale, W. F.; Andros, G.; Jiminez, F. (1966). "Studies with iodine-131-labeled ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Freer_Bale

Because of this function, radioisotopes of iodine are concentrated in the thyroid gland along with nonradioactive iodine. In ... Iodine is required by higher animals to synthesize thyroid hormones, which contain the element. ... the case of a nuclear accident, the radioactive iodine-131 (131I), which has a high fission product yield, is released into the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_necklace

Radioisotopes of hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, and iodine have been used extensively to trace the path of biochemical ... 99mTc is a very versatile radioisotope, and is the most commonly used radioisotope tracer in medicine. It is easy to produce in ... According to the NRC, some of the most commonly used tracers include antimony-124, bromine-82, iodine-125, iodine-131, iridium- ... The commonly used radioisotopes have short half lives and so do not occur in nature. They are produced by nuclear reactions. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_tracer

Brucer told a conference that the use of radio-isotopes of iodine, gold and phosphorus was becoming increasingly commonplace. ... He said that shipments of radioactive drugs from Oak Ridge numbered 50,000 units of radio-iodine, 50,000 units of radio-gold ... They were given atomic "cocktails" to drink and injections of radio-isotopes, and became temporarily radioactive. While not ... and was acting as an editor of the International Journal of Applied Radiation and Radioisotopes. In 1967, Brucer was appointed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Brucer

Technetium-99m, indium-111, and iodine-131 are common radioisotopes used for these purposes, with many others used as well. ... as a platform for combining multiple copies of targeting vectors and effectors in order to selectively deliver radioisotopes to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_nanoparticle

Most of the orders were for iodine-131 and phosphorus-32, which were used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In addition ... Starting in mid-1946, Oak Ridge began distributing radioisotopes to hospitals and universities. ... which used the short-lived radioisotope lanthanum-140, a potent source of gamma radiation. The gamma ray source was placed in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Project

... to perform post-doctoral research on thyroid hormone metabolism using radioisotopes of iodine. They returned to Spain in 1958 ... Her doctoral thesis showed that the incidence of endemic goitre in the Alpujarras region was closely linked to iodine ... in Spain and her research led to the introduction of iodised salt in Spain to prevent endemic goitre caused by iodine ... for congenital hypothyroidism in Spain and helped to introduce iodised salt to prevent thyroid problems caused by iodine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriella_Morreale_de_Escobar

A gaseous leak of a radioisotope of iodine, 131I, was detected at a large medical radioisotope laboratory, Institut national ... IAEA NEWS database: Iodine-131 release in the environment Archived 2011-06-04 at the Wayback Machine Safety Investigation of CT ... A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) located on the Arctic shore was discovered in a highly degraded state. The ... Two radioisotope thermoelectric generators were dropped 50 meters onto the tundra at Zemlya Bunge island during an airlift when ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_civilian_radiation_accidents

The term radioisotope, which in its general sense refers to any radioactive isotope (radionuclide), has historically been used ... Some radioisotopes (for example gallium-67, gallium-68, and radioiodine) are used directly as soluble ionic salts, without ... The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) name gives the base drug name, followed by the radioisotope (as element symbol, space, ... The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) gives the base drug name, followed by the radioisotope (as atomic weight, no space ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiopharmacology

... radioisotopes of iodine are concentrated in the thyroid gland along with nonradioactive iodine. The radioisotope iodine-131, ... Iodine has only one stable isotope. A number of iodine radioisotopes are also used in medical applications. Iodine is found on ... Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities. Iodine is ... The name is from Greek ἰοειδής ioeidēs, meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor. Iodine and its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_5_element

Uranium-236 is produced in uranium ores by neutrons from other radioisotopes. Iodine-129 is produced from tellurium-130 by ... Radioisotopes with half-lives shorter than one million years are also produced: for example, carbon-14 by cosmic ray production ... Short-lived radioisotopes that are found in nature are continuously generated or replenished by natural processes, such as ... Examples of extinct radionuclides include iodine-129 (the first to be noted in 1960, inferred from excess xenon-129 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinct_radionuclide

The MNR also produces half of the world's supply of iodine-125, a radioisotope that is used to treat various types of cancer. ... Commercial activities include radioisotope production and neutron radiography. The facilities also include a Hot Cell and high- ... During the 2009 shutdown of the Chalk River reactor, however, the university increased production of iodine-125 by 20% and ... activity cobalt source and high level radioisotope laboratories. Researchers using MNR are based at McMaster as well as other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMaster_Nuclear_Reactor

The health impact of each radioisotope depends on a variety of factors. Iodine-131 is potentially an important source of ... When iodine-131 is released, it can be inhaled or consumed after it enters the food chain, primarily through contaminated ... Iodine-131 in the body rapidly accumulates in the thyroid gland, becoming a source of beta radiation. The 2011 Fukushima ... The accident released about 80 curies (3.0 TBq) of iodine-131, which was not considered significant due to its location in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_nuclear_power

... and medical radioisotope production; including 60 per cent of the world's supply of iodine-125, an isotope used in nuclear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMaster_University

most commonly used medical radioisotope, used as a radioactive tracer Iodine-129 53. 76. 15,700,000 y. β−. 194 Cosmogenic. ... used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) and radioisotope heater units as an energy source for spacecraft ... "Radioisotopes in Industry". World Nuclear Association.. *. Martin, James (2006). Physics for Radiation Protection: A Handbook. ... Iodine-131 53. 78. 8 d. β−. 971 Fission product. most significant short term health hazard from nuclear fission, used in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radionuclide

3H (tritium), the radioisotope of hydrogen, is available at very high specific activities, and compounds with this isotope in ... Similarly, the release of iodine-131 in a serious power reactor accident could be retarded by absorption on metal surfaces ... A short review of the biochemical properties of a series of key long lived radioisotopes can be read on line. 99Tc in nuclear ... Some early evidence for nuclear fission was the formation of a short-lived radioisotope of barium which was isolated from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_chemistry

... though technically all radioisotopes of iodine are radioiodines; see isotopes of iodine). Pusey 1900, p. 302 Kassabian 1907, p ... and some types of thyroid cancer that absorb iodine. Treatment involves the important iodine isotope iodine-131 (131I), often ... Inhalation of iodine alone had been an experimental treatment for tuberculosis in France between 1830 and 1870. Widespread ... "Iodine treatment apparatus for tuberculosis, France,1830-1870". "Pioneer in X-Ray Therapy". Science. New Series. 125 (3236): 18 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radiation_therapy

Subsequent shipments of radioisotopes, primarily iodine-131, phosphorus-32, carbon-14, and molybdenum-99/technetium-99m, were ... A radioisotope building, a steam plant, and other structures were added in April 1946 to support the laboratory's peacetime ... "Peacetime use of radioisotopes at Oak Ridge cited as Chemical Landmark". American Chemical Society. February 25, 2008. ... Creager, Angela N. H. (2013). Life Atomic: A History of Radioisotopes in Science and Medicine. University of Chicago Press. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-10_Graphite_Reactor

In SPECT imaging, the patient is injected with a radioisotope, most commonly Thallium 201TI, Technetium 99mTC, Iodine 123I, and ... Contrast media, such as barium, iodine, and air are used to visualize internal organs as they work. Fluoroscopy is also used in ... Scintigraphy ("scint") is a form of diagnostic test wherein radioisotopes are taken internally, for example, intravenously or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_imaging

Radioisotopes released at that time were supposed to be detected by U.S. Air Force reconnaissance. Freedom of Information Act ( ... Sources cite 5,500 to 12,000 curies (200 to 440 TBq) of iodine-131 released, and an even greater amount of xenon-133. The ... Evidence suggests that filters to remove the iodine were disabled during the Green Run. Health Physicist Carl C. Gamertsfelder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Run

Human application of the iodine radioisotopes required a more suitable radioisotope of iodine. In 1938, Glenn Seaborg and John ... Roberts also devised a Geiger-Müller detector for quantifying the amount of the radioisotope of iodine present in the ... "Radioactive iodine as an indicator in thyroid physiology, IV: the metabolism of iodine in Graves' disease. Hertz and Roberts ... "Radioactive iodine as an indicator in thyroid physiology, II: iodine collection by normal and hyperplastic thyroids in rabbits ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul_Hertz

Radioactive iodine, which can lead to increased risk of thyroid cancer if absorbed into the body, was released into the air ... as it prevents the absorption of the potentially dangerous radioisotopes of that element. Since Chernobyl, distributing ... To counteract the radioactive iodine the distribution of potassium iodide is used, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster_casualties

It was the third medical radioisotope, after phosphorus-32 and iodine-131 introduced respectively by John H. Lawrence and ... Hamilton, Joseph G.; Soley, Mayo H. (1939). "Studies In Iodine Metabolism by the Use of a New Radioactive Isotope of Iodine". ... For this reason, the metabolism of calcium attracted very early the interest of physicians looking for applying radioisotopes ... where he produced radioisotopes in the cyclotron under the supervision of John H. Lawrence and used them as radioactive tracers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Pecher

However, since iodine is a component of biological molecules such as thyroid hormones, iodine-131 is of great importance in ... With a short half-life of 8 days, this radioisotope is not of practical use in radioactive sources in industrial radiography or ... Because both radium and radon are very radiotoxic and very expensive due to their natural rarity, these natural radioisotopes ... Iodine-131 is another important gamma-emitting radionuclide produced as a fission product. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonly_used_gamma-emitting_isotopes

Unlike PET, the radioisotopes used in SPECT (such as technetium-99m) emit γ-rays directly, instead of from annihilation events ... However, contrast agents for micro-CT, such as iodine, are difficult to conjugate molecular targets1 with, and thus it is ... As the radioisotopes decay, they emit positrons which annihilates with electrons found naturally in the body. This produces 2 γ ... Almost any biological compound can be traced by micro-PET, as long as it can be conjugated to a radioisotope, which makes it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preclinical_imaging

Beierwaltes building on the established work of Dr.Saul Hertz, developed innovations in the use of iodine-131 and in surgery in ... He spent his career seeking methods to identify and treat cancer using radioisotopes. Early in his career, he established a ... Beierwaltes was one of five doctors present at the first course teaching doctors how to use radioactive iodine for medical ... He was named in 1952 as head of the Clinical Radioisotope Service at the University of Michigan. Beierwaltes wrote Clinical Use ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Beierwaltes

Radioisotope renography. *Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. *Radioactive iodine uptake test. *Bone scintigraphy. * ... An iodine-based contrast is injected into the bloodstream and watched as it travels around. Since liquid blood and the vessels ... are not very dense, a contrast with high density (like the large iodine atoms) is used to view the vessels under X-ray. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_imaging

Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium ... Radioisotopes of caesium require special precautions: the improper handling of caesium-137 gamma ray sources can lead to ... All of the alkali metals except lithium and caesium have at least one naturally occurring radioisotope: sodium-22 and sodium-24 ... Together with caesium-134, iodine-131, and strontium-90, caesium-137 was among the isotopes distributed by the Chernobyl ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

Radioisotope renography. *Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. *Radioactive iodine uptake test. *Bone scintigraphy. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computed_tomography_laser_mammography

A major use of systemic radioisotope therapy is in the treatment of bone metastasis from cancer. The radioisotopes travel ... the FDA approved the tositumomab/iodine (131I) tositumomab regimen (Bexxar), which is a combination of an iodine-131 labelled ... Systemic radioisotope therapy (RIT) is a form of targeted therapy. Targeting can be due to the chemical properties of the ... systemic radioisotope therapy or unsealed source radiotherapy.. The differences relate to the position of the radiation source ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy

Radioisotope renography（英语：Radioisotope renography）. *Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy（英语：Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy） ... Radioactive iodine uptake test（英语：Radioactive iodine uptake test）. *Bone scintigraphy（英语：Bone scintigraphy） ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/超声造影成像

Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium ... 27 radioisotopes have been observed, with the most stable ones being 169Yb with a half-life of 32.0 days, 175Yb with a half- ... Ytterbium forms both dihalides and trihalides with the halogens fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. The dihalides are ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium

Iodine 1811 B. Courtois 1811 B. Courtois Courtois discovered it in the ashes of seaweed.[79] ... Marinsky, J. A.; Glendenin, L. E.; Coryell, C. D. (1947). "The chemical identification of radioisotopes of neodymium and of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discovery

Radioisotope renography. *Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. *Radioactive iodine uptake test. *Bone scintigraphy. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholescintigraphy

Iodine Ion Ionic bond ionization potential Irène Joliot-Curie Iridium iron Iron (III) oxide Irving Langmuir isocyanate Isomer ... radioisotope Radium Radon Radon fluoride Raman spectroscopy Raoult's law Redox Reduction Reflux Reversible reaction Rhazes ... Svante Arrhenius Syenite Sylvite synthetic radioisotope systematic element name Tabun Talc Talcum Tantalite Tantalum Tanzanite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_chemistry_articles

Isotopes of iodine Complete table of nuclides. Iodine-131 (131I, I-131) is an important radioisotope of iodine discovered by ... other less-damaging radioisotopes of iodine such as iodine-123 (see isotopes of iodine) are preferred in situations when only ... where the low-energy gamma radiation without a beta component makes iodine-125 useful. The other radioisotopes of iodine are ... heating to drive off the volatile iodine). By contrast, other iodine radioisotopes are usually created by far more expensive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine-131

Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium ... While most of germanium's radioisotopes decay by beta decay, 61. Ge. and 64. Ge. decay by β+. delayed proton emission.[46] 84. ... At least 27 radioisotopes have also been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 58 to 89. The most stable of these is 68. Ge ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium

Radioisotope renography. *Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. *Radioactive iodine uptake test. *Bone scintigraphy. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_urethrogram

Radioisotope renography. *Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. *Radioactive iodine uptake test. *Bone scintigraphy. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confocal_microscope

Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium ... Fourteen radioisotopes have been characterized. The most stable are 15O with a half-life of 122.24 seconds and 14O with a half- ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/اکسیژن?match=en

According to the Rogovin report, the vast majority of the radioisotopes released were the noble gases xenon and krypton. The ... In total approximately 2.5 megacuries (93 PBq) of radioactive gases, and approximately 15 curies (560 GBq) of iodine-131 was ... increased levels of iodine-131 and cesium-137 would have been expected to be detected in cattle and goat's milk samples. Yet ... of thyroid cancer-causing iodine-131 were released.[47] Total releases according to these figures were a relatively small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen

iodine-123 or iodine-131. 159. 13 hours or 8 days. MIBG. 400. 360. 60. 64 x 64. 30 ... Radioisotope. Emission energy (keV). Half-life. Radiopharmaceutical. Activity (MBq). Rotation (degrees). Projections. Image ... On occasion, the radioisotope is a simple soluble dissolved ion, such as an isotope of gallium(III). Most of the time, though, ... SPECT is more widely available, because the radioisotope used is longer-lasting and far less expensive in SPECT, and the gamma ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_photon_emission_computed_tomography

Radioisotope renography. *Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. *Radioactive iodine uptake test. *Bone scintigraphy. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_meal

Radioisotope renography. *Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. *Radioactive iodine uptake test. *Bone scintigraphy. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMRI

Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium ... 19 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 50Cr with a half-life of (more than) 1.8×1017 years, and ... IN: Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Chromium, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium

Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium ... 204Tl is the most stable radioisotope, with a half-life of 3.78 years.[12] It is made by the neutron activation of stable ... The radioisotope thallium-201 (as the soluble chloride TlCl) is used in small, nontoxic amounts as an agent in a nuclear ... "Manual for reactor produced radioisotopes" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. 2003. Retrieved 2010-05-13.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium

Most of the iodine not taken up by thyroid tissue is excreted through the kidneys into the urine. After radioiodine treatment ... Generator Performance and Evolving Therapeutic Applications of Two Generator-Derived Alpha-Emitting Radioisotopes". Current ... Iodine-131 (131I) is the most common RNT worldwide and uses the simple compound sodium iodide with a radioactive isotope of ... Iodine-131 produces beta and gamma radiation. The beta radiation released damages both normal thyroid tissue and any thyroid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsealed_source_radiotherapy

Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium ... is also sometimes considered as a light radioisotope of hydrogen, due to the mass difference between the antimuon and the ... sulfur-iodine cycle, copper-chlorine cycle and hybrid sulfur cycle are under research and in testing phase to produce hydrogen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E949

Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium ... allowing the use of radioisotope rubidium-82 in nuclear medicine to locate and image brain tumors.[50] Rubidium-82 has a very ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster_casualties

Radioisotope renography. *Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. *Radioactive iodine uptake test. *Bone scintigraphy. * ... As the radioisotope undergoes positron emission decay (also known as positive beta decay), it emits a positron, an antiparticle ... BROWNELL G.L., Dave Marcum, B. HOOP JR., and D.E. BOHNING, "Quantitative dynamic studies using short-lived radioisotopes and ... Due to the short half-lives of most positron-emitting radioisotopes, the radiotracers have traditionally been produced using a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_scan

... or iodine-131) within the fuel elements can leach out into the coolant. Subsequent failures can permit these radioisotopes to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_meltdown

Radioisotope renography. *Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. *Radioactive iodine uptake test. *Bone scintigraphy. * ... Radiocontrasts for X-ray CT are, in general, iodine-based.[62] This is useful to highlight structures such as blood vessels ... It employs computed tomography and an iodine based contrast agent to obtain an image of the pulmonary arteries. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAT_scan

Iodine. Xenon. Caesium. Barium. Lanthanum. Cerium. Praseodymium. Neodymium. Promethium. Samarium. Europium. Gadolinium. Terbium ... The most stable radioisotopes are 107Pd with a half-life of 6.5 million years (found in nature), 103Pd with 17 days, and 100Pd ... Eighteen other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 90.94948(64) u (91Pd) to 122.93426(64) u ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium

Radioisotopes, Iodine. All MeSH CategoriesChemicals and Drugs CategoryInorganic ChemicalsElementsHalogensIodineIodine Isotopes ... Iodine Radioisotopes. All MeSH CategoriesChemicals and Drugs CategoryInorganic ChemicalsIsotopesIodine IsotopesIodine ... All MeSH CategoriesChemicals and Drugs CategoryInorganic ChemicalsIsotopesRadioisotopesIodine Radioisotopes ... Iodine Radioisotopes. Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?Db=mesh&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=%22Iodine+Radioisotopes%22%5BMeSH+Terms%5D

The thyroid gland uses iodine to produce thyroid hormones and cannot distinguish between radioactive iodine and stable ( ... In addition, if dairy animals consume grass contaminated with I-131, the radioactive iodine will be incorporated into their ... nonradioactive) iodine. If I-131 were released into the atmosphere, people could ingest it in food products or water, or ... www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/radionuclides/iodine.htmlexternal icon. ... Iodine-131 (I-131)plus icon *Radioisotope Brief. *Toxicology ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/isotopes/iodine.htm

Iodine-Rich Polymersomes Enable Versatile SPECT/CT Imaging and Potent Radioisotope Therapy for Tumor in Vivo.. Cao J, Wei Y, ... Here, we report that iodine-rich polymersomes (I-PS) enable versatile single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/ ... I-PS emerges as a robust and versatile platform for dual-modal imaging and targeted radioisotope therapy. ... computed tomography (CT) dual-modal imaging and potent radioisotope therapy for breast cancer in vivo. Interestingly, I-PS ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31062589

Radioisotopes of iodine have been incorporated into a wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals ranging from small, low molecular ... Radioisotopes of iodine have been incorporated into a wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals ranging from small, low molecular ... Because of the routine availability of radioisotopes of iodine with different nuclear decay properties, radioiodination is an ... Vaidyanathan G., Zalutsky M.R. (2019) The Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry of the Radioisotopes of Iodine. In: Lewis J., Windhorst ...

https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-98947-1_22

Effects of Radiolabeling Monoclonal Antibodies with a Residualizing Iodine Radiolabel on the Accretion of Radioisotope in ... Effects of Radiolabeling Monoclonal Antibodies with a Residualizing Iodine Radiolabel on the Accretion of Radioisotope in ... Effects of Radiolabeling Monoclonal Antibodies with a Residualizing Iodine Radiolabel on the Accretion of Radioisotope in ... Effects of Radiolabeling Monoclonal Antibodies with a Residualizing Iodine Radiolabel on the Accretion of Radioisotope in ...

https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/55/14/3132?ijkey=44d7a9e477843cb4dbc5692e1384f154876ca3df&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Iodine Deficiency Disorder Radioisotope Scan Caffeine and Decaffeination Coffee Coffee, Caffeine and Your Health Top Health ... Iodine Deficiency Disorder. To control IDD, the National Goiter Control Program (NGCP) was launched which was later renamed as ... Radioisotope Scan Encyclopedia section of medindia gives general info about Nuclear Medicine ...

https://www.medindia.net/news/view_news_main.asp?x=3817

A study of the flow pattern of water in a power-station cooling pond was made, using iodine-131 as tracer. The flow of the ... Radioisotopes in the Physical Sciences and Industry. Proceedings of the Conference on the Use of Radioisotopes in the Physical ... A study of the flow pattern of water in a power-station cooling pond was made, using iodine-131 as tracer. The flow of the ... ETDEWEB / Search Results / Some recent developments in the application of radioisotope techniques in Australia; Progres recents ...

https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/22025646

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine-131

DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES; ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES; FETAL MEMBRANES; HORMONES; INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI; IODINE ISOTOPES ... 62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE; STH; RADIOASSAY; CELL MEMBRANES; CHEMORECEPTORS; INSULIN; IODINE 125; LABELLED COMPOUNDS; ... MAN; MEDICAL SUPPLIES; PH VALUE; PLACENTA; SENSITIVITY; STIMULATION; ANIMALS; BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; CELL CONSTITUENTS; ... ISOTOPES; MAMMALS; MEMBRANES; NUCLEI; ODD-EVEN NUCLEI; PEPTIDE HORMONES; PITUITARY HORMONES; PRIMATES; RADIOISOTOPES; ...

https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/7179203

Radioisotope Brief. * Toxicology FAQs. Frequently asked questions from the Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry ( ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/isotopes/iodine/index.htm

As with other radioisotopes of iodine, accidental iodine-125 uptake in the body (mostly by the thyroid gland) can be blocked by ... Isotopes of iodine Iodine-123 Iodine-129 Iodine-131 Iodine in biology "Radionuclide half-life measurements data". NIST. 6 ... Iodine-125 (125I) is a radioisotope of iodine which has uses in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation ... It is the second longest-lived radioisotope of iodine, after iodine-129. Its half-life is 59.49 days and it decays by electron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine-125

Excited states of iodine-127 and iodine-129 are often used in Mössbauer spectroscopy. The other iodine radioisotopes have much ... Tincture of iodine: iodine in ethanol, or iodine and sodium iodide in a mixture of ethanol and water. Lugols iodine: iodine ... Unlike tincture of iodine, Lugols iodine has a minimised amount of the free iodine (I2) component. Povidone iodine (an ... for iodine monochloride. Iodine monochloride and iodine monobromide may be prepared simply by reacting iodine with chlorine or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine

... relates to an universal method for the large scale production of high-purity carrier free or non carrier added radioisotopes by ... Similar results are obtained for the iodine isotopes. However, I is not completely released and observed production rates at ... The radioisotopes produced by the method of the present invention are preferably used for producing radioisotope-labelled ... The radioisotopes produced by the inventive method are especially suitable for producing radioisotope-labelled bioconjugates as ...

https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2009/0162278.html

Lies Of Nuclear -- Nuke Propaganda Debunked, There IS NOT Any Significant Natural Radio-Isotopes Like Iodine 131 and Cesium 137 ... In July and August of 2015, Japan measured significant amount of Iodine 131 in sewage.. Since Iodine 131 has a fast half life ... So measuring Iodine 131 now, indicates that there is on-going fission at Fukushima. Note this is also before Sendai was ... Compare that to 49 Bq/kG of Iodine 131 measured in Japan. That is. 25,711,281,588 Times larger than "Natural". ...

http://www.nukepro.net/2015/08/lies-of-nuclear-nuke-propaganda.html

Iodine Radioisotopes / metabolism * Ligands * Mutation * Radioligand Assay * Signal Transduction / physiology * rab5 GTP- ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15260830/?dopt=Abstract

Iodine Radioisotopes / therapeutic use* * Neoplasm Staging * Postoperative Care * Risk Assessment * Survival Rate ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17131429/

ASTM D4785 - 08(2013)e1 Standard Test Method for Low-Level Analysis of Iodine Radioisotopes in Water. Citing ASTM Standards ...

https://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/STD_REFERENCE/D4785.htm

Honeycomb spheres trap harmful iodine gas 2016-07-13T00:00:00Z Specially designed polymers could help clean up radioactive ... Russia denies involvement in leak of radioisotope detected over Europe 2017-11-23T14:57:00Z ... Life atomic: a history of radioisotopes in science and medicine 2014-04-03T00:00:00Z ...

https://www.chemistryworld.com/radioisotopes/1728.tag

Cesium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of cesium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cs atoms with atomic weights ... and the pathological process in a thyroid gland implemented in persons exposed to 131I in their childhood and living in iodine- ... Cesium Radioisotopes. Subscribe to New Research on Cesium Radioisotopes Unstable isotopes of cesium that decay or disintegrate ... 01/01/2004 - "It was shown that the chromosome instability and sensitivity to cesium radioisotopes increased ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD002588-Cesium-Radioisotopes.do

Tens of millions of nuclear medicine procedures are performed each year, and demand for radioisotopes is increasing rapidly ... the use of radioisotopes for diagnostics, radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals and other beneficial medical uses of nuclear ... Iodine-124 (4.2 d):. Tracer, with longer life than F-18, one-quarter of decays are positron emission so used with PET. Also ... The global radioisotope market was valued at $9.6 billion in 2016, with medical radioisotopes accounting for about 80% of this ...

https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/non-power-nuclear-applications/radioisotopes-research/radioisotopes-in-medicine.aspx

6.0156 RADIOISOTOPE TOXICITY AND METABOLISM. 6.0157 TOXICITY OF IODINE ISOTOPES PRODUCED BY NUCLEAR FISSION PROCESSES ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/summary-of-international-energy-research-and-development-activities-1974-1976/zhou/978-0-08-023248-5

Iodine Radioisotopes. Lung Neoplasms / diagnosis, radiography, radiotherapy*, secondary*. Male. Middle Aged. Predictive Value ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Diagnostic-whole-body-scanning-before/19033784.html

0/Iodine Radioisotopes; 11061-68-0/Insulin; 7782-44-7/Oxygen; EC 2.7.10.1/Receptor, Insulin ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Inhibitory-effect-anoxia-125I-insulin/3522146.html

... chlorhexidine gluconate antiseptic vaginal preparation is superior to povidone-iodine vaginal preparati... ... Iodine Radioisotopes. Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights ... Iodine Isotopes. Stable iodine atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iodine, but differ in atomic weight. I-127 ... Povidone-iodine. An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/179952/Chlorhexidine-Gluconate-Versus-Povidone-Iodine-as-Vaginal-Preparation-Antiseptics-Prior-to-Cesarean.html

... and Radioisotopes • Features hot topics in the field, such as hypervalent iodine-mediated cross coupling reactions, ... 7 H ypervalent Iodine 103. Toshifumi Dohi and Yasuyuki Kita. 8 Iodine and Halogen Bonding 159. Giancarlo Terraneo, Giuseppe ... 12 Iodine Production from Oilfield Brine 221. Stanley T. Krukowski. 13 Iodine Production from Natural Gas Brine 231. Nobuyuki ... 2 Physical Properties of Iodine 9. Tatsuo Kaiho. 3 A nalytical Methods for Iodine and Iodides 15. Hirofumi Kanoh and Takehisa ...

https://www.wiley.com/en-sg/Iodine+Chemistry+and+Applications-p-9781118466292

Dating of Long-lived Iodine Radioisotope (129I) in Pore Waters from Shallow Gas Hydrate Deposits in the Okhotsk Sea and Japan ...

https://gbank.gsj.jp/geolis/geolis_link/201740501/en

0 (Iodine Radioisotopes); 06LU7C9H1V (Triiodothyronine); 0Z5B2CJX4D (Fluorodeoxyglucose F18); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin); ...

http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE&lang=p&format=detailed.pft&indexSearch=EX&exprSearch=F01.470.047

New strategies are needed to address the current and future shortages of radioisotopes that threaten medical research and ... Physicians are also finding it harder to obtain iodine-131, a radioisotope used to treat thyroid cancer, Graves disease, and ... Desperately Seeking Radioisotopes. New strategies are needed to address the current and future shortages of radioisotopes that ... Its close relative iodine-124, meanwhile, is a radiotracer used in PET imaging and to create images of the human thyroid, and ...

https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/30760/title/Desperately-Seeking-Radioisotopes/flagPost/66495/

436/545 RADIOISOTOPE POWERED GENERATOR ...... 310/301+ RADIOISOTOPIC IODINE FOR TESTING .... 436/804* RADIOMETERS LIGHT METERS ...

http://www.ibiblio.org/patents/index/indexr1.html

Systemically administered radioisotopes target tumor cells. Iodine-131 for thyroid cancer; strontium-89 and samarium-153 for ... Systemically administered radioisotopes target tumor cells. Iodine-131 for thyroid cancer; strontium-89 and samarium-153 for ... Because thyroid tissue naturally concentrates iodine, iodine-131 may be given orally to treat localized and metastatic thyroid ... Similarly, the radioisotopes strontium-89 and samarium-153, which have affinity for bone, have been used to palliate painful ...

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/1201/p1254.html

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. (nih.gov)
Iodine-131 can be "seen" by nuclear medicine imaging techniques (i.e., gamma cameras ) whenever it is given for therapeutic use, since about 10% of its energy and radiation dose is via gamma radiation. (wikipedia.org)
However, since the other 90% of radiation (beta radiation) causes tissue damage without contributing to any ability to see or "image" the isotope, other less-damaging radioisotopes of iodine such as iodine-123 (see isotopes of iodine ) are preferred in situations when only nuclear imaging is required. (wikipedia.org)
By contrast, other iodine radioisotopes are usually created by far more expensive techniques, starting with cyclotron radiation of capsules of pressurized xenon gas. (wikipedia.org)
There is widespread awareness of the use of radiation and radioisotopes in medicine, particularly for diagnosis (identification) and therapy (treatment) of various medical conditions. (world-nuclear.org)
In this case, CT and PET scanning, which use other radioisotopes, can serve as alternative diagnostic methods, but these procedures have drawbacks ranging from increased cost and greater radiation burden to lower image quality. (the-scientist.com)
Iodine-125 is a radioisotope of iodine which has uses in biological assays and in radiation therapy to treat prostate cancer and brain tumors . (wikidoc.org)
There is some exposure to radiation from the radioisotope. (medlineplus.gov)
The radiation from this radioisotope is higher than from many others. (medlineplus.gov)
The radioactive material includes at least first and second radioisotopes having at least first and second respective decay profiles that together provide a temporal radiation profile that is different from the first and second decay profiles. (google.com)
1992). The use of radioisotopes is unique in that it provides a method for measuring biochemical processes in vivo, especially in cases in which the process is easily saturated, since radiation makes it possible to detect and localize quantities as small as only a few thousand radiolabeled molecules. (nap.edu)
The in vivo measurement of these radioisotopes within the body is performed with various radiation detectors and associated electronic devices that are collectively known as in vivo thyroid monitors or whole body counters, depending on the body site of interest. (cdc.gov)
An improved radiation dense container for transporting radioactive iodine and the like, including a cup-shaped base having a cavity with an opening that is sized to receive radioactive iodine in the form of either one or more iodine capsules or a vial of iodine solution. (google.com)
The present invention generally relates to shielded containers for the handling of radioactive materials and, more particularly, to radiation dense shields allowing improved handling of radioactive iodine and the like used in the health care industry. (google.com)
Iodine-131 is used to treat hypo-thyroidism since it is preferentially absorbed by the thyroid and typically involves a total radiation dosage of 10,000,000 millirem. (jiskha.com)
This clinical trial is studying induction therapy followed by meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) labeled with iodine-131 and chemotherapy in treating patients with newly diagnosed high-risk neuroblastoma undergoing stem cell transplant, radiation therapy, and maintenance therapy with isotretinoin. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Radioisotope therapy, such as MIBG labeled with iodine-131, releases radiation that kills tumor cells. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Because the radiation from this radioisotope is fairly high compared to most other radioisotopes, some precautions may be necessary for a few days after the test. (uclahealth.org)
What do we know about the risk of leukemia in patients who are treated with radiation therapy such as radioactive iodine? (cancernetwork.com)
That is, radioactive iodine is a very different type of radiation-compared with someone who gets external radiation-in the sense that well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients ingest radioactive iodine, and it is absorbed into the bloodstream. (cancernetwork.com)
You can imagine during that time the radioactive iodine is going through several cycles of whole-body circulation, and we think that that time is sufficient for the radiation (the circulating iodine) to cause injury to the bone marrow stem cells for them to transform into leukemia cells. (cancernetwork.com)
Many types of cancer and other non-malignant disease can be successfully treated with radiation emitted by this radioisotope. (news-medical.net)
Low-energy radionuclides (eg, iodine-125) and remote afterloading technology have been used to reduce radiation exposure hazards. (cancernetwork.com)

mAbs RS7 and RS11 were used for in vivo and in vitro studies on the uptake and retention of radioisotope into tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
The rate of iodine-131 uptake, determined with a Geiger counter or other scanning device, indicates whether the thyroid glands are functioning properly. (kentchemistry.com)
Some studies attempting to calculate the appropriate 131 I dose based on thyroid size and 24-hour iodine uptake have reported increased efficacy over fixed dose [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Even though some factors such as age, sex, size of thyroid gland, degree of hyperthyroidism before treatment, and rate of iodine uptake by the thyroid gland have been suggested as predictors of successful RAI treatment, it continues to remain controversial [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Radioisotopes, because of their unique imaging characteristics (via particle emission), are ideally suited to deal with such questions--including material uptake, metabolism, distribution, and elimination of unwanted residues from the body. (thefreelibrary.com)
After injection of the radioisotope, you are given Lugol's iodine solution to block uptake into the thyroid. (uclahealth.org)
Normal values indicate areas of increased uptake of the radioisotope. (uclahealth.org)
The radioisotope contains iodine, so precautions such as administration of Lugol's solution will prevent excessive uptake by the thyroid. (uclahealth.org)
Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) is a nuclear medicine study used for evaluating thyroid function. (thefreedictionary.com)
Prior to treatment, children will be pre-medicated with super-saturated potassium iodide (SSKI) & liothyronine to prevent thyroid uptake of the therapeutic radioisotopes. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Instead, in vitro measurements provide an estimate of internally deposited iodine (both the stable and radioactive isotopes), utilizing techniques that measure iodine in body fluids, feces, or other human samples (Gautier 1983). (cdc.gov)
The majority of the nuclear fallout, containing radioactive isotopes Iodine-131, Caesium-137 and Strontium-90, settled in the regions directly around the stricken power plant, in what is now northern Ukraine and southern Belarus. (geographical.co.uk)

The radioisotopes that are usually used in SPECT include iodine-123, technetium-99, thallium-201, xenon-133 and fluorine-18. (medindia.net)

The thyroid gland uses iodine to produce thyroid hormones and cannot distinguish between radioactive iodine and stable (nonradioactive) iodine. (cdc.gov)
Irradiation of natural tellurium produces almost entirely 131 I as the only radionuclide with a half-life longer than hours, since most lighter isotopes of tellurium become heavier stable isotopes, or else stable iodine or xenon. (wikipedia.org)
Stable iodine atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iodine, but differ in atomic weight. (bioportfolio.com)
I-127 is the only naturally occurring stable iodine isotope. (bioportfolio.com)
These in vivo measurement techniques are commonly used to measure body burdens of iodine radioisotopes, but cannot be used to assess the stable isotope of iodine. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, iodine-labeled compounds are not stable in vivo because of deiodination. (hindawi.com)

The purpose of this study is to find out if chlorhexidine gluconate solution is better at reducing the rate of wound infection after cesarean section compared to povidone-iodine. (bioportfolio.com)
Pre-Operative Skin Antisepsis with Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Povidone-Iodine to Prevent Port-Site Infection in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Study. (bioportfolio.com)
Antiseptic Efficacy of Povidone Iodine and Chlorhexidine Gluconate Skin Preparation Solutions Used in Burns Surgery. (bioportfolio.com)
Topical chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine and erythromycin in the repair of traumatic ulcers on the rat tongue: Clinical, histological and microbiological evaluation. (bioportfolio.com)
This study investigated the effect of topical application of 0.12% chlorhexidine, 10% povidone-iodine and 50% erythromycin on the optimization of healing process of traumatic ulcers made on ventral to. (bioportfolio.com)
A Prospective Comparative Study in Skin Antiseptic Solutions for Posterior Spine Surgeries: Chlorhexidine-Gluconate Ethanol Versus Povidone-Iodine. (bioportfolio.com)
or POVIDONE-IODINE in a gel, foam, or liquid solution. (bioportfolio.com)

Iodine-Rich Polymersomes Enable Versatile SPECT/CT Imaging and Potent Radioisotope Therapy for Tumor in Vivo. (nih.gov)
CLR 131 utilizes the company's patented PDC™ tumor targeting delivery platform to deliver a cytotoxic radioisotope, iodine-131, directly to tumor cells. (globenewswire.com)

Much smaller incidental doses of iodine-131 than those used in medical therapeutic procedures, are supposed by some studies to be the major cause of increased thyroid cancers after accidental nuclear contamination. (wikipedia.org)
rus-32) and radiolabeled iodine (iodine-131) provided valuable information about the selectivity of proposed therapeutic regimens. (nap.edu)
Other reactor-produced radioisotopes continue to play a major role in research, and recent advances in many fields (such as molecular biology, including the Human Genome Project) could not have been accomplished without the use of 32 P. In addition, many of the isotopes useful for therapeutic applications, such as strontium-89 for the palliation of metastatic bone pain, are produced in reactors. (nap.edu)
One of the first therapeutic applications involved using iodine-131 (I131) to cure thyroid cancer. (thefreelibrary.com)
The sensitivity at which radioisotopes allow noninvasive tracing of tiny amounts of drugs perfectly matches with the challenges posed by the visualization of the pharmacokinetics of the effectors used in new treatment strategies such as gene therapy and therapeutic vaccination. (mdpi.com)

71. The method according to claim 70, wherein the radioisotope is selected from the group consisting of astatine-211, bismuth-212, bismuth-213, iodine-131, yttrium-90, lutetium-177, samarium-153 and palladium-109. (freepatentsonline.com)
For therapy, yttrium-90 and iodine-131 are commonly used. (nmmra.org)

70. The method according to claim 69, wherein the cytotoxic or detectable moiety comprises or consists of a radioisotope. (freepatentsonline.com)

A radionuclide ( radioactive nuclide , radioisotope or radioactive isotope ) is an atom that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. (wikipedia.org)
Unstable isotopes are called radioisotopes. (slideserve.com)

Radioisotopes of iodine have been incorporated into a wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals ranging from small, low molecular weight compounds to large molecules like antibodies. (springer.com)
The effect of using a "residualizing" iodine radiolabel, dilactitol-iodotyramine, for radioimmunolocalization of antibodies to tumors was investigated. (aacrjournals.org)
In the early 1940s, phosphorus-32 and then sulfur-35 and iodine-131, were used to label antigens and antibodies. (nap.edu)

The advantages of radioiodination, still the most versatile radiolabeling strategy, and other labeled compounds comprising covalently attached radioisotopes are compared to the use of chelator-protein conjugates that are complexed with metallic radioisotopes. (mdpi.com)

For more information about I-131, see the Public Health Statement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html , or visit the Environmental Protection Agency at http://www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/radionuclides/iodine.html external icon . (cdc.gov)

Prepare your presentation in the title: Colonic neoplasms diagnosis, iodine radioisotopes diagnostic c use, and rectal neoplasms diagnosis. (purdue.edu)
Then, in the title: Colonic neoplasms diagnosis, iodine radioisotopes diagnostic use iodine radioisotopes. (owjn.org)

Iodine-131 (131I, I-131) is an important radioisotope of iodine discovered by Glenn Seaborg and John Livingood in 1938 at the University of California, Berkeley. (wikipedia.org)
I. To assess the feasibility of treating high-risk neuroblastoma patients, age 365 days - 30 years, with a) an induction block of meta-iodobenzylguanidine labeled with iodine-131 (131I-MIBG [iobenguane I 131]) delivered after multi-agent chemotherapy, and b) post-induction busulfan/melphalan (Bu/Mel) consolidation therapy. (clinicaltrials.gov)

The thyroid gland does not distinguish between radioactive and nonradioactive iodine. (thefreedictionary.com)

NTP produces and distributes molybdenum-99 (Mo-99) and radioisotope-based diagnostic imaging and therapy products including iodine-131 and lutetium-177. (world-nuclear-news.org)

[3] Thus, iodine-131 is increasingly less employed in small doses in medical use (especially in children), but increasingly is used only in large and maximal treatment doses, as a way of killing targeted tissues. (wikipedia.org)

Because of the routine availability of radioisotopes of iodine with different nuclear decay properties, radioiodination is an attractive strategy because the same chemistry can be utilized for both radionuclide imaging and targeted radiotherapy. (springer.com)
Due to its mode of beta decay , iodine-131 is notable for causing mutation and death in cells that it penetrates, and other cells up to several millimeters away. (wikipedia.org)
How long will it take for a 18.0-g sample of iodine-131 to decay to leave a total of 2.25 g of the isotope? (jiskha.com)

A radioisotope (MIBG, iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine, or iodine-123-meta-iodobenzylguanidine) is injected into a vein. (medlineplus.gov)
A peripheral stem cell transplant can replace blood-forming cells that are damaged by MIBG labeled with iodine-131 and chemotherapy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
MIBG is a nuclear scan test that uses injected radioactive material (radioisotope) and a special scanner to locate or confirm the presence of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma, which are tumors of specific types of nervous tissue. (uclahealth.org)

Radionuclide therapy is also called radioisotope therapy. (cancervic.org.au)

In the process of studying the behavior of iodine-131-labeled insulin, Berson and Yalow (1959) developed the sensitive assay system for blood components known as radioimmunoassay, the importance of which was recognized with a Nobel Prize in 1977. (nap.edu)

the isotopes strontium-90, iodine-131, and cerium-144 emit beta particles that are not distributed evenly in the body. (britannica.com)
Strontium-90 releases only beta particles, while iodine-131 and cerium-144 release both beta particles and gamma rays, but their toxicities are primarily caused by the beta particles. (britannica.com)
While some radioisotopes, such as strontium-90 (90Sr) and technetium-99 (99Tc), are only found on Earth as a result of human activity, and some, like potassium-40 (40K), are only present due to natural processes, a few isotopes, e.g. tritium (3H), result from both natural processes and human activities. (wikipedia.org)

Natural radioactivity detected in soil is predominantly due to the following four natural radioisotopes: 40K, 226Ra, 238U, and 232Th. (wikipedia.org)

Novel Bismuth-Based Inorganic Oxide Waste Forms for Iodine Storage", Proc. (patentgenius.com)

They have a press release saying TEPCO found Iodine and Cesium radioisotopes at Fuk-D - well, duh (ok, they include actual quantitative info on concentrations). (scienceblogs.com)

Over 40 million nuclear medicine procedures are performed each year, and demand for radioisotopes is increasing at up to 5% annually. (world-nuclear.org)
In developed countries (a quarter of the world population) about one person in 50 uses diagnostic nuclear medicine each year, and the frequency of therapy with radioisotopes is about one-tenth of this. (world-nuclear.org)
The most common radioisotope used in diagnosis is technetium-99 (Tc-99), with some 40 million procedures per year, accounting for about 80% of all nuclear medicine procedures and 85% of diagnostic scans in nuclear medicine worldwide. (world-nuclear.org)
Nuclear medicine was developed in the 1950s by physicians with an endocrine emphasis, initially using iodine-131 to diagnose and then treat thyroid disease. (world-nuclear.org)
Nuclear medicine technologists use the Iodine isotope I-131, with a half-life of 8 days,to check thyroid function of patients. (jiskha.com)
Diagnostic nuclear medicine imaging involves dosing the patient with a very small amount of a gamma ray-emitting radioisotope. (merckvetmanual.com)
The quiet world of nuclear medicine is about to get a lot quieter -- not for lack of work, but because of a looming shortage of radioisotopes. (medpagetoday.com)

I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes. (nih.gov)
The attributes of naturally decaying atoms, known as radioisotopes, give rise to several applications across many aspects of modern day life (see also information paper on The Many Uses of Nuclear Technology ). (world-nuclear.org)

Iodine-131 is also one of the most commonly used gamma-emitting radioactive industrial tracer . (wikipedia.org)
[10] More commonly, powdered elemental tellurium is irradiated and then 131 I separated from it by dry distillation of the iodine, which has a far higher vapor pressure . (wikipedia.org)
In veterinary medicine, the most commonly used isotope is metastable technetium-99 ( 99m Tc), although radioactive iodine, indium, and thallium are also used in specific instances. (merckvetmanual.com)
The most commonly used radioisotope of iodine in pharmaceutical industry and medicine is Iodine-131 (I-131). (news-medical.net)

The isotope 131 I is still occasionally used for purely diagnostic (i.e., imaging) work, due to its low expense compared to other iodine radioisotopes. (wikipedia.org)
Diagnostic procedures using radioisotopes are now routine. (world-nuclear.org)
Radioisotopes are an essential part of medical diagnostic procedures. (world-nuclear.org)

Radioiodine represents a radioactive form of iodine most often used in the treatment of thyroid diseases. (news-medical.net)

If any member of the public were to breathe iodine for a whole year at the levels measured in European countries, then they would receive a dose in the range of 0.01 microsieverts for the year. (iaea.org)
The purpose of this study is to find the highest safe dose of Iodine-131 Tositumomab (Bexxar®) that can be given to patients who have relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma, what side effects these patients get when they take Bexxar® and if Bexxar® is effective in treating relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. (clinicaltrials.gov)
the absorption and incorporation by the thyroid of radioactive iodine (RAI), administered orally as a tracer dose in a test of thyroid function and as larger doses for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (thefreedictionary.com)
A very small dose of radioactive iodine-123 (I-123) or I-131 is administered orally, and images are taken at specified intervals after the initial dose is administered. (thefreedictionary.com)

Physicians are also finding it harder to obtain iodine-131, a radioisotope used to treat thyroid cancer, Graves' disease, and hyperthyroidism. (the-scientist.com)
Radioactive iodine treatment is so successful at treating hyperthyroidism that it has virtually replaced thyroid surgery. (jiskha.com)
Graves' disease accounts for 60%-80% of patients with hyperthyroidism, depending on regional factors, especially iodine intake [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

Iodine is a nonmetallic basic element and an essential mineral for the human body. (news-medical.net)

Among the important ''firsts" were the determination of the speed of peripheral circulation using radium by Blumgart and Yens (1927) and the study of thyroid metabolism using radioactive iodine by Hamilton nd Soley (1939). (nap.edu)

See also radioactive iodine excretion test . (thefreedictionary.com)

Jan 2010- 49 Which radioisotope is used to treat thyroid disorders? (kentchemistry.com)

The Director of the Society of Iodine Science, Dr. Kaiho developed novel iodine-containing materials and processes and presented independent research at many conferences, including the International Conference of Hypervalent Iodine Chemistry (2010) and the Symposium of Iodine Science (2011). (wiley.com)

Some radioisotopes target tumours naturally, such as radioactive iodine. (cancerresearchuk.org)
Iodine is naturally absorbed by the thyroid gland to make hormones, and doctors can exploit this process using radioactive iodine as a treatment for thyroid cancer . (cancerresearchuk.org)

The glassy trinitite created by the first atom bomb contains radioisotopes formed by neutron activation and nuclear fission. (wikipedia.org)
As a Junior at college, I was hanging from the rafters in Room 301 of Pupin Laboratories (a physics lecture room at Columbia University) when Enrico Fermi gave a colloquium in January 1939 on the newly discovered nuclear fission - which has resulted not only in the terror and threat of nuclear warfare but also in the ready availability of radioisotopes for medical investigation and in hosts of other peaceful applications. (nobelprize.org)

Iodine 131 was released in the Fukushima incident by air and into waters around the Japanese nuclear generating station. (scpr.org)
Particulates in the form of radioactiive iodine and other radioisotopes from Fukushima have traveled across the United States as far as Massachusetts. (change.org)

The radioisotopes produced by the inventive method are especially suitable for producing radioisotope-labelled bioconjugates as well as particles, in particular nanoparticles and microparticles. (freepatentsonline.com)

Radioisotopes of iron and chromium were also valuable in applications in hematology. (nap.edu)

90Sr, 2 Bq/L 137Cs, 5 Bq/L 239Pu, 0.001 Bq/L 241Am, 0.001 Bq/L Jiří Hála's textbook states that soils vary greatly in their ability to bind radioisotopes, the clay particles and humic acids can alter the distribution of the isotopes between the soil water and the soil. (wikipedia.org)
Next, particles of the iodine-loaded material are mixed with powdered frits of low-sintering-temperature glasses (comprising various oxides of Si, B, Bi, Pb, and Zn), and then sintered at a relatively low temperature, ranging from 425.degree. (patentgenius.com)

A mass spectrometer has been used to confirm that astatine behaves chemically like other halogens, particularly iodine. (rsc.org)

Since iodine has various radioisotopes that can be used for SPECT and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, biological research, and radiotherapy, the radioiodinated BODIPY may be extensively applicable from basic to clinical research. (nih.gov)
Doctors can also give internal radiotherapy as a liquid containing radioactive molecules called radioisotopes. (cancerresearchuk.org)

The radioisotope is usually part of a larger molecule that has a specific affinity for the tissue or organ of interest. (merckvetmanual.com)
Since the thyroid has a special affinity for iodine, it is a relatively simple and straightforward matter to have a patient drink a carefully determined amount of I131 in a chemically palatable form of solution. (thefreelibrary.com)

The radioisotope (I-131) can help the antibody kill cells better. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Over 10,000 hospitals worldwide use radioisotopes in medicine, and about 90% of the procedures are for diagnosis. (world-nuclear.org)

The IAEA has received information from the Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority (HAEA) that the source of the iodine-131 (I-131) detected in Europe was most probably a release to the atmosphere from the Institute of Isotopes Ltd., Budapest. (iaea.org)

The low-cost availability of 131 I, in turn, is due to the relative ease of creating 131 I by neutron bombardment of natural tellurium in a nuclear reactor, then separating 131 I out by various simple methods (i.e., heating to drive off the volatile iodine). (wikipedia.org)
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the analytical methods that are available for detecting, measuring, and/or monitoring iodine and its radioisotopes, their metabolites, and other biomarkers of exposure and effect to iodine and its radioisotopes. (cdc.gov)
Materials and methods of making low-sintering-temperature glass waste forms that sequester radioactive iodine in a strong and durable structure. (patentgenius.com)
In developing the protocol, a team of NSF scientists, JWPA technical committee members, and other experts developed test methods used to evaluate whether adsorptive and absorptive media, such as activated carbon, as well as reverse osmosis, and ion exchange point-of-use water filtration technologies can effectively reduce iodine from water. (eponline.com)

Synthetic radioisotopes also can be detected in silt. (wikipedia.org)

In vivo measurements can be obtained through techniques that directly quantify internally-deposited iodine using, for example, thyroid or whole body counters. (cdc.gov)

The quantities of iodine within the body can be assessed through the use of bioassays that are comprised of in vivo measurements and/or in vitro measurements. (cdc.gov)

Radioactive iodine is used to destroy excess thyroid tissue. (slideserve.com)

Iodine-131 is used to destroy thyroid tissue in the treatment of an overactive thyroid. (jiskha.com)
Radioisotopes are damaging to tissue and are used clinically to destroy cells. (slideserve.com)

The iodine not used is excreted in the urine. (thefreedictionary.com)

Iodine-131 , a beta emitter, is taken as sodium iodide in drinking water. (kentchemistry.com)
I-131 is available as sodium iodine in capsules or as a liquid solution for oral ingestion. (news-medical.net)

When the reactor shut down for repairs in May 2009, it contributed to a global shortage of radioisotopes. (the-scientist.com)

Iodine-131 is made using processes similar to those used for molybdenum/technetium, but demand is much smaller, so that experts didn't think the reactor shutdown would have a noticeable effect, he said. (medpagetoday.com)
Until the event of positron emission tomography the spectrum of nuclides used to visualize cellular and biochemical processes was largely restricted to iodine isotopes and 99m-technetium. (mdpi.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs77

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes9

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care3

Geographicals1

99mTc-labeled vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor agonist: functional studies. (1/6522)

Peripheral autoantigen induces regulatory T cells that prevent autoimmunity. (2/6522)

Proliferative effects of cholecystokinin in GH3 pituitary cells mediated by CCK2 receptors and potentiated by insulin. (3/6522)

Streptavidin facilitates internalization and pulmonary targeting of an anti-endothelial cell antibody (platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1): a strategy for vascular immunotargeting of drugs. (4/6522)

An endocytic pathway essential for renal uptake and activation of the steroid 25-(OH) vitamin D3. (5/6522)

Conformational changes in the A3 domain of von Willebrand factor modulate the interaction of the A1 domain with platelet glycoprotein Ib. (6/6522)

Contribution of extracranial lymphatics and arachnoid villi to the clearance of a CSF tracer in the rat. (7/6522)

Bioavailability and toxicity after oral administration of m-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). (8/6522)

Iodine

Iodine Radioisotopes

Radioisotopes

Zinc Radioisotopes

Iodine Compounds

Radioisotope Dilution Technique

Strontium Radioisotopes

Krypton Radioisotopes

Goiter, Endemic

Indium Radioisotopes

Goiter

Sodium Radioisotopes

Radionuclide Imaging

Radioactivity

Barium Radioisotopes

Yttrium Radioisotopes

Tin Radioisotopes

Carbon Radioisotopes

Iron Radioisotopes

Copper Radioisotopes

Thyroid Gland

Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Potassium Iodide

Beta Particles

Sodium Chloride, Dietary

Technetium

Mercury Radioisotopes

Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid

Cesium Isotopes

Isotope Labeling

Povidone-Iodine

Cerium Radioisotopes

Cobalt Isotopes

Deficiency Diseases

Hafnium

Gold Radioisotopes

Radioimmunotherapy

Lead Radioisotopes

Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope

Astatine

Zinc Isotopes

Sulfur Radioisotopes

Cadmium Radioisotopes

Radiopharmaceuticals

Iodides

Iodophors

Soil Pollutants, Radioactive

Lutetium

Rhenium

Thyrotropin

Bromine Radioisotopes

Samarium

Scintillation Counting

Subdural Effusion

Calcium Isotopes

Radioactive Waste

Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated

Congenital Hypothyroidism

Thyroxine

Ruthenium Radioisotopes

Thyroid Function Tests

Iodized Oil

Radiometric Dating

Thyroglobulin

Iodine Isotopes

Selenium Radioisotopes

Alpha Particles

Methods

Tissue Distribution

Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring

Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m

Tungsten

Thyroid Diseases

Isotopes

Radioisotope Teletherapy

Pentetic Acid

Hypothyroidism

Whole-Body Counting

Spectrometry, Gamma

Iodoproteins