Intraocular pressure. Medical search

The pressure of the fluids in the eye.

Measurement of ocular tension (INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE) with a tonometer. (Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.

Artificial implanted lenses.

A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.

The clear, watery fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It has a refractive index lower than the crystalline lens, which it surrounds, and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea and the crystalline lens. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p319)

Insertion of an artificial lens to replace the natural CRYSTALLINE LENS after CATARACT EXTRACTION or to supplement the natural lens which is left in place.

A beta-adrenergic antagonist similar in action to PROPRANOLOL. The levo-isomer is the more active. Timolol has been proposed as an antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, antiangina, and antiglaucoma agent. It is also used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS and tremor.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Any surgical procedure for treatment of glaucoma by means of puncture or reshaping of the trabecular meshwork. It includes goniotomy, trabeculectomy, and laser perforation.

Sterile solutions that are intended for instillation into the eye. It does not include solutions for cleaning eyeglasses or CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS.

Analogs or derivatives of prostaglandins F that do not occur naturally in the body. They do not include the product of the chemical synthesis of hormonal PGF.

A porelike structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber through which aqueous humor circulates to the canal of Schlemm.

Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).

A ring of tissue extending from the scleral spur to the ora serrata of the RETINA. It consists of the uveal portion and the epithelial portion. The ciliary muscle is in the uveal portion and the ciliary processes are in the epithelial portion.

The white, opaque, fibrous, outer tunic of the eyeball, covering it entirely excepting the segment covered anteriorly by the cornea. It is essentially avascular but contains apertures for vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. It receives the tendons of insertion of the extraocular muscles and at the corneoscleral junction contains the canal of Schlemm. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and that part of the crystalline lens which presents through the pupil. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p109)

The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.

The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium.

A procedure for removal of the crystalline lens in cataract surgery in which an anterior capsulectomy is performed by means of a needle inserted through a small incision at the temporal limbus, allowing the lens contents to fall through the dilated pupil into the anterior chamber where they are broken up by the use of ultrasound and aspirated out of the eye through the incision. (Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed & In Focus 1993;1(1):1)

The removal of a cataractous CRYSTALLINE LENS from the eye.

Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.

The transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the CRYSTALLINE LENS of the EYE and in front of the RETINA. It is contained in a thin hyaloid membrane and forms about four fifths of the optic globe.

The aperture in the iris through which light passes.

The front third of the eyeball that includes the structures between the front surface of the cornea and the front of the VITREOUS BODY.

The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve.

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber.

Examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye with a specialized optical instrument (gonioscope) or a contact prism lens.

The pressure due to the weight of fluid.

Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.

Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.

Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

A surgical procedure used in treatment of glaucoma in which an opening is created through which aqueous fluid may pass from the anterior chamber into a sac created beneath the conjunctiva, thus lowering the pressure within the eye. (Hoffman, Pocket Glossary of Ophthalmologic Terminology, 1989)

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Devices, usually incorporating unidirectional valves, which are surgically inserted in the sclera to maintain normal intraocular pressure.

The use of photothermal effects of LASERS to coagulate, incise, vaporize, resect, dissect, or resurface tissue.

A form of secondary glaucoma which develops as a consequence of another ocular disease and is attributed to the forming of new vessels in the angle of the anterior chamber.

Measurement of light given off by fluorescein in order to assess the integrity of various ocular barriers. The method is used to investigate the blood-aqueous barrier, blood-retinal barrier, aqueous flow measurements, corneal endothelial permeability, and tear flow dynamics.

Removal of the whole or part of the vitreous body in treating endophthalmitis, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, intraocular foreign bodies, and some types of glaucoma.

Tumors or cancer of the EYE.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.

Transducers that are activated by pressure changes, e.g., blood pressure.

The selectively permeable barrier, in the EYE, formed by the nonpigmented layer of the EPITHELIUM of the CILIARY BODY, and the ENDOTHELIUM of the BLOOD VESSELS of the IRIS. TIGHT JUNCTIONS joining adjacent cells keep the barrier between cells continuous.

The administration of substances into the eye with a hypodermic syringe.

Agents causing contraction of the pupil of the eye. Some sources use the term miotics only for the parasympathomimetics but any drug used to induce miosis is included here.

A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle.

Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)

The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380)

The thin, highly vascular membrane covering most of the posterior of the eye between the RETINA and SCLERA.

The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.

Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.

The L-Isomer of bunolol.

The pigmented vascular coat of the eyeball, consisting of the CHOROID; CILIARY BODY; and IRIS, which are continuous with each other. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Techniques for measuring blood pressure.

Organic siloxanes which are polymerized to the oily stage. The oils have low surface tension and density less than 1. They are used in industrial applications and in the treatment of retinal detachment, complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

A scientific tool based on ULTRASONOGRAPHY and used not only for the observation of microstructure in metalwork but also in living tissue. In biomedical application, the acoustic propagation speed in normal and abnormal tissues can be quantified to distinguish their tissue elasticity and other properties.

Presence of an intraocular lens after cataract extraction.

The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.

The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs and stimuli, hormone secretion, sleeping, and feeding.

Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris.

The blood pressure in the VEINS. It is usually measured to assess the filling PRESSURE to the HEART VENTRICLE.

Surgical formation of an external opening in the sclera, primarily in the treatment of glaucoma.

Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.

Application of pharmaceutically active agents on the tissues of the EYE.

Diseases affecting the eye.

Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.

A class of compounds that reduces the secretion of H+ ions by the proximal kidney tubule through inhibition of CARBONIC ANHYDRASES.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

A form of GLAUCOMA in which chronic optic nerve damage and loss of vision normally attributable to buildup of intraocular pressure occurs despite prevailing conditions of normal intraocular pressure.

Recording of electric potentials in the retina after stimulation by light.

An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.

The pressure at any point in an atmosphere due solely to the weight of the atmospheric gases above the point concerned.

Bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Surgery performed on the eye or any of its parts.

The mucous membrane that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and the anterior pericorneal surface of the eyeball.

Central retinal artery and its branches. It arises from the ophthalmic artery, pierces the optic nerve and runs through its center, enters the eye through the porus opticus and branches to supply the retina.

The blood vessels which supply and drain the RETINA.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The surgical removal of the eyeball leaving the eye muscles and remaining orbital contents intact.

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

Artery originating from the internal carotid artery and distributing to the eye, orbit and adjacent facial structures.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

A species of the genus MACACA which typically lives near the coast in tidal creeks and mangrove swamps primarily on the islands of the Malay peninsula.

Measurement of the thickness of the CORNEA.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

Absence of crystalline lens totally or partially from field of vision, from any cause except after cataract extraction. Aphakia is mainly congenital or as result of LENS DISLOCATION AND SUBLUXATION.

Congenital open-angle glaucoma that results from dysgenesis of the angle structures accompanied by increased intraocular pressure and enlargement of the eye. Treatment is both medical and surgical.

Partial or total replacement of all layers of a central portion of the cornea.

Central retinal vein and its tributaries. It runs a short course within the optic nerve and then leaves and empties into the superior ophthalmic vein or cavernous sinus.

Agents that dilate the pupil. They may be either sympathomimetics or parasympatholytics.

The thin noncellular outer covering of the CRYSTALLINE LENS composed mainly of COLLAGEN TYPE IV and GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS. It is secreted by the embryonic anterior and posterior epithelium. The embryonic posterior epithelium later disappears.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

Incomplete rupture of the zonule with the displaced lens remaining behind the pupil. In dislocation, or complete rupture, the lens is displaced forward into the anterior chamber or backward into the vitreous body. When congenital, this condition is known as ECTOPIA LENTIS.

Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.

Refraction of LIGHT effected by the media of the EYE.

A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Method in which repeated blood pressure readings are made while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It allows quantitative analysis of the high blood pressure load over time, can help distinguish between types of HYPERTENSION, and can assess the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy.

Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.

A method of non-invasive, continuous measurement of MICROCIRCULATION. The technique is based on the values of the DOPPLER EFFECT of low-power laser light scattered randomly by static structures and moving tissue particulates.

The blood pressure in the ARTERIES. It is commonly measured with a SPHYGMOMANOMETER on the upper arm which represents the arterial pressure in the BRACHIAL ARTERY.

Acute or chronic inflammation of the iris and ciliary body characterized by exudates into the anterior chamber, discoloration of the iris, and constricted, sluggish pupil. Symptoms include radiating pain, photophobia, lacrimation, and interference with vision.

Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peripheral vision. These may result from EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; VISUAL PATHWAY diseases; OCCIPITAL LOBE diseases; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS; and other conditions (From Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p132).

Diseases of the cornea.

The rhythmical expansion and contraction of an ARTERY produced by waves of pressure caused by the ejection of BLOOD from the left ventricle of the HEART as it contracts.

Lenses, generally made of plastic or silicone, that are implanted into the eye in front of the natural EYE LENS, by the IRIS, to improve VISION, OCULAR. These intraocular lenses are used to supplement the natural lens instead of replacing it.

Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).

The back two-thirds of the eye that includes the anterior hyaloid membrane and all of the optical structures behind it: the VITREOUS HUMOR; RETINA; CHOROID; and OPTIC NERVE.

The period following a surgical operation.

A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.

Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the eye or of vision disorders.

The force per unit area that the air exerts on any surface in contact with it. Primarily used for articles pertaining to air pressure within a closed environment.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the propanolamine (NH2CH2CHOHCH2) group and its derivatives.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Removal of an autonomic or sensory ganglion by any means.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Surgical removal of a section of the iris.

The position or attitude of the body.

Method of measuring and mapping the scope of vision, from central to peripheral of each eye.

An excessive amount of fluid in the cornea due to damage of the epithelium or endothelium causing decreased visual acuity.

Compounds obtained by chemical synthesis that are analogs or derivatives of naturally occurring prostaglandins and that have similar activity.

An imaging method using LASERS that is used for mapping subsurface structure. When a reflective site in the sample is at the same optical path length (coherence) as the reference mirror, the detector observes interference fringes.

Tumors of the iris characterized by increased pigmentation of melanocytes. Iris nevi are composed of proliferated melanocytes and are associated with neurofibromatosis and malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body. Malignant melanoma of the iris often originates from preexisting nevi.

Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)

The measurement of curvature and shape of the anterior surface of the cornea using techniques such as keratometry, keratoscopy, photokeratoscopy, profile photography, computer-assisted image processing and videokeratography. This measurement is often applied in the fitting of contact lenses and in diagnosing corneal diseases or corneal changes including keratoconus, which occur after keratotomy and keratoplasty.

Absence of the crystalline lens resulting from cataract extraction.

A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

Processes and properties of the EYE as a whole or of any of its parts.

The use of green light-producing LASERS to stop bleeding. The green light is selectively absorbed by HEMOGLOBIN, thus triggering BLOOD COAGULATION.

A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Manometric pressure of the CEREBROSPINAL FLUID as measured by lumbar, cerebroventricular, or cisternal puncture. Within the cranial cavity it is called INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE.

An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.

Three groups of arteries found in the eye which supply the iris, pupil, sclera, conjunctiva, and the muscles of the iris.

The distance between the anterior and posterior poles of the eye, measured either by ULTRASONOGRAPHY or by partial coherence interferometry.

The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the CILIARY BODY is crucial for OCULAR ACCOMMODATION.

A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity.

The pressure within a CARDIAC VENTRICLE. Ventricular pressure waveforms can be measured in the beating heart by catheterization or estimated using imaging techniques (e.g., DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY). The information is useful in evaluating the function of the MYOCARDIUM; CARDIAC VALVES; and PERICARDIUM, particularly with simultaneous measurement of other (e.g., aortic or atrial) pressures.

A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.

Measurement of the blood pressure of the retinal vessels. It is used also for the determination of the near point of convergence (CONVERGENCE, OCULAR). (From Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.

A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.

Inflammation of the connective and adipose tissues surrounding the KIDNEY.

A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.

Measurement of the pressure or tension of liquids or gases with a manometer.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a BLOOD VESSEL or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow.

The administration of substances into the VITREOUS BODY of the eye with a hypodermic syringe.

Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.

A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.

Inflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis.

Polymers of silicone that are formed by crosslinking and treatment with amorphous silica to increase strength. They have properties similar to vulcanized natural rubber, in that they stretch under tension, retract rapidly, and fully recover to their original dimensions upon release. They are used in the encapsulation of surgical membranes and implants.

One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)

Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Hemorrhage into the VITREOUS BODY.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)

The use of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze biological observations and phenomena.

A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of six families: CEBIDAE (some New World monkeys), ATELIDAE (some New World monkeys), CERCOPITHECIDAE (Old World monkeys), HYLOBATIDAE (gibbons and siamangs), CALLITRICHINAE (marmosets and tamarins), and HOMINIDAE (humans and great apes).

A surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye and the medical and surgical treatment of its defects and diseases.

Devices implanted to control intraocular pressure by allowing aqueous fluid to drain from the anterior chamber. (Hoffman, Pocket Glossary of Ophthalmologic Terminology, 1989)

An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brought to a point focus on the retina but is spread over a more or less diffuse area. This results from the radius of curvature in one plane being longer or shorter than the radius at right angles to it. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Transmission of the readings of instruments to a remote location by means of wires, radio waves, or other means. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Examination of the interior of the eye with an ophthalmoscope.

Single layer of large flattened cells covering the surface of the cornea.

Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

Visualization of a vascular system after intravenous injection of a fluorescein solution. The images may be photographed or televised. It is used especially in studying the retinal and uveal vasculature.

Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.

Tumors or cancer of the RETINA.

The blood pressure in the central large VEINS of the body. It is distinguished from peripheral venous pressure which occurs in an extremity.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Diseases of the uvea.

A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.

A form of malignant cancer which occurs within the eyeball.

The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.

The making of a continuous circular tear in the anterior capsule during cataract surgery in order to allow expression or phacoemulsification of the nucleus of the lens. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.

Visible accumulations of fluid within or beneath the epidermis.

The blood pressure as recorded after wedging a CATHETER in a small PULMONARY ARTERY; believed to reflect the PRESSURE in the pulmonary CAPILLARIES.

A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.

Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.

Management of phacolytic glaucoma: experience of 135 cases. (1/3147)

We retrospectively analyzed 135 eyes with phacolytic glaucoma. A trabeculectomy was added to standard cataract surgery if symptoms endured for more than seven days, or if preoperative control of intraocular pressure (IOP) with maximal medical treatment was inadequate. In the early postoperative period, IOP was significantly lower in the combined surgery group (89 eyes) compared to the cataract surgery group (46 eyes) (p < 0.001). At 6 months there was no difference in IOP or visual acuity between the two groups. There were no serious complications related to trabeculectomy. It is reasonable to conclude that in eyes with a long duration of phacolytic glaucoma, addition of a trabeculectomy to cataract surgery is safe, prevents postoperative rise in intraocular pressure and decreases the need for systemic hypotensive medications. A randomized trial is on to further address this question. (+info)

Rapid pneumatic and Mackey-Marg applanation tonometry to evaluate the postural effect on intraocular pressure. (2/3147)

A postural study was conducted in three separate groups of subjects. The first group comprised 20 women volunteers with an average age of 20-75 years. In this group, the study was conducted by the pneumatonograph only. Mean pressure recorded was 15-65 +/- 0-25 mmHg and there was an average rise of 1-4 mmHg in supine posture. Groups 2 and 3 comprised 151 non-glaucomatous and 108 glaucomatous eyes respectively in the age range of 30 to 85 years. In these two groups, the study was conducted using the PTG and the Mackay-Marg tonometer. Clinical evaluation of the Mackay-Marg with the PTG gave significant correlation, with mean Mackay-Marg readings being 1-13 mmHg higher. The intraocular pressure when changing from seated to the supine position increased on average by 2-71 and 4-04 mmHg, respectively in Groups 2 and 3 and by 2-51 and 3-72 mmHg by Vackay-Marg, suggesting a higher change in glaucomatous subjects. Pressure on resumption of sitting was found to be lower than the initial pressure. Postural change also showed some direct relationship with age in non-glaucomatous subjects. (+info)

Asymmetry in optic disc parameters: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. (3/3147)

PURPOSE: To examine asymmetry in vertical optic disc parameters among subjects classified as normal, as having ocular hypertension (OH), and as having open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in a population-based sample. METHODS: The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 people aged 49 to 97 years, including 2929 normal subjects, 118 with OH, and 79 with OAG in the groups of interest for the asymmetry study. Optic disc parameters were measured in a masked manner from stereo optic disc photographs. RESULTS: Vertical disc diameter asymmetry (the absolute value of left minus right disc diameters) was similar among normal, OH, and OAG groups (median, 0.07-0.08 mm). Vertical cup- disc ratio asymmetry was higher in patients with OAG (median, 0.11) than in normal subjects (median, 0.06; P < 0.0001) and in those with OH (median, 0.05; P < 0.0001) but was similar between normal subjects and patients with OH (P = 0.17). A cup- disc ratio asymmetry of 0.2 or more was found in 24% of patients with OAG, compared with 1% of patients with OH and 6% of normal subjects. Corresponding rates for cup- disc ratio asymmetry of 0.3 or more in these three groups were 10%, 0%, and 1%, respectively. Using multiple linear regression, cup-disc ratio asymmetry was associated with disc diameter asymmetry and intraocular pressure asymmetry. However, these two factors explained only 3% of the variability of cup- disc ratio asymmetry and 20% of cup diameter asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS: Despite differences between the OAG group and either the OH or normal groups, asymmetry alone was not useful in identifying patients with OAG. At all levels of asymmetry, subjects were more likely to be classified as normal than with OH or OAG. (+info)

Apoptosis and caspases after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat retina. (4/3147)

PURPOSE: Extensive cell loss in the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL) and the inner nuclear layer (INL) was noted in a rat model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by transient elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The possible involvement of apoptosis and caspases was examined in this model of neuronal loss. METHODS: Transient elevated IOP was induced in albino Lewis rats through the insertion of a needle into the anterior chamber connected to a saline column. Elevated IOP at 110 mm Hg was maintained for 60 minutes. Groups of animals were euthanatized at various times after reperfusion, and their retinas were evaluated by morphology, agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA, in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin-deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL), immunohistochemistry of caspases II (ICH1) and III (CPP32), and morphometry. YVAD.CMK, a tetrapeptide inhibitor of caspases, was used to examine the involvement of caspases. RESULTS: A marked ladder pattern in retinal DNA gel analysis, typical of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and characteristic of apoptosis, was present 12 and 18 hours after reperfusion. Labeling of nuclei in the RGCL and the inner nuclear layer (INL) by TUNEL was noted between 8 and 18 hours after reperfusion. Histologic and ultrastructural features typical of apoptosis were also observed in the inner retina after ischemia. YVAD.CMK administered during the ischemic period inhibited apoptotic fragmentation of retinal DNA and ameliorated the tissue damage. When administered intravitreally 0, 2, or 4 hours after reperfusion, YVAD.CMK was also effective in preserving the inner retina but had no significant effect when administered 6 or 8 hours after reperfusion. The inner retina showed transient elevated immunoreactivity of caspases II and III 4 and 8 hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal ischemia-reperfusion after transient elevated IOP induced apoptosis of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer and the INL. Caspases may have a pivotal role in the early events of the apoptotic pathway(s). Rescue by using anti-apoptotic agents after ischemia-reperfusion is feasible. (+info)

Mechanism of exercise-induced ocular hypotension. (5/3147)

PURPOSE: Although acute dynamic exercise reduces intraocular pressure (IOP), the factors that provoke this response remain ill-defined. To determine whether changes in colloid osmotic pressure (COP) cause the IOP changes during exercise, standardized exercise was performed after dehydration and hydration with isosmotic fluid. METHODS: Progressive cycle ergometer exercise to volitional exhaustion was performed after 4 hours' dehydration, and after hydration with 946 ml isosmotic liquid (345 mOsM). In each experiment, venous blood taken before and immediately after exercise was analyzed for hematocrit, plasma protein concentration, total plasma osmolality, and plasma COP. RESULTS: Exercise in both experiments significantly reduced IOP and elevated COP (each P < 0.01). Dehydration, compared with hydration, also significantly reduced IOP and elevated COP, when measured before and after exercise (P < 0.05). The correlation of mean IOP with mean COP, over the entire range created by varying exercise and hydration statuses, was statistically significant (r = -0.99; P < 0.001). In contrast, other indexes of hydration status, including hematocrit, total plasma osmolality, and plasma protein concentration, failed to change as IOP changed and failed to correlate with IOP, on either a group or individual basis, in conditions of varying levels of exercise and hydration. CONCLUSIONS: Acute dynamic exercise and isosmotic fluid ingestion each seem to change IOP through changes in COP. (+info)

A pharmacoeconomic analysis of rimexolone for the treatment of ophthalmic inflammatory conditions. (6/3147)

Topical steroids are the standard first-line therapy for treating ophthalmic inflammatory conditions. However, potent ophthalmic steroids can lead to an elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP), which can result in greater medical resource utilization and increased costs. We have developed a decision analysis model from a societal perspective to evaluate the costs and consequences of the treatment of ophthalmic inflammatory conditions with two potent topical steroids: prednisolone and rimexolone. Data for the model are based on information from clinical trials, national data-bases, published literature, and responses by ophthalmologists to a questionnaire on treatment patterns for elevated IOP. Three steroid-responsive conditions are examined separately with the model: uveitis; postoperative inflammation following cataract surgery; and other ophthalmic inflammatory conditions (blepharitis, episcleritis, postoperative refractive surgery, and corneal transplant). The model evaluates patients with acute conditions versus those with chronic conditions and those with mild to moderate elevation of IOP versus those with severe elevation of IOP. Although the unit cost of rimexolone is higher than that of prednisolone, use of rimexolone leads to cost savings because the incidence of elevated IOP is decreased. If rimexolone is used instead of prednisolone for the treatment of ophthalmic inflammatory conditions, the estimated cost saved (at 1995 AWP prices) is approximately $10 million across the entire US population. The savings across the health maintenance organization population on an annualized basis is approximately $3.9 million. Even if rimexolone were priced higher than current market charges (at 130% to 150% of the AWP of prednisolone), cost savings ranging from the $2.9 million to $720,000 would accrue with use of rimexolone compared with prednisolone. However if, rimexolone were priced at 160% of the AWP of prednisolone, its use would incur an additional cost of $300,000. The primary medical resource utilized in treating elevated IOP in ophthalmic inflammatory conditions is physician visits. Medications are responsible for only one-fifth to one-third of the total cost of treating elevated IOP. This analysis indicates that rimexolone is associated with decreased medical resource utilization and cost savings to the entire healthcare system. (+info)

Retrospective analysis of risk factors for late presentation of chronic glaucoma. (7/3147)

BACKGROUND: Why some individuals present to the ophthalmologist in the early stages of chronic glaucoma but others present with very advanced visual field loss is a question which has received little attention. This study is an attempt to identify some basic characteristics of people who present with late glaucoma. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study by medical record review was employed. 100 cases and 100 controls were identified from the notes of patients presenting to Moorfields Eye Hospital glaucoma service between July 1993 and July 1995. Cases were defined as new patients presenting with absolute field loss within five degrees of fixation and a cup to disc ratio of greater than 0.8 in one or both eyes. Controls were new patients with no absolute field loss within 20 degrees in either eye, but otherwise typical glaucomatous field loss and a cup to disc ratio of greater than 0.5 or a difference of 0.2 or more between the discs. RESULTS: The ethnic origin, sex, referral source, presenting IOP, and age of the subjects studied were independently associated with late presentation. An African Caribbean patient is estimated to be four and a half times more likely to attend with advanced field loss than a white patient of similar age, sex, IOP, and referral source (adj OR: 4.55, 95% CI [1.57, 13.18]). A female patient is estimated to be one third (0.34, [0.15, 0.74]) as likely to attend late than a male patient of the similar age, IOP, ethnic origin, and referral source. A patient referred via any source other than an optometrist with the correct diagnosis is estimated to be greater than four times (4.32 [1.89, 9.88]) more likely to be a late attender than a patient of the same sex, ethnicity, and similar age but referred with a diagnosis of glaucoma. There was a trend of increasing odds of late presentation with increasing age (adj OR per 10 years, baseline 40-49 years 1.68 [1.22, 2.20]). A patient whose presenting IOP is 21-25 mm Hg is estimated to be a quarter (0.24, [0.09, 0.64]) as likely to attend with advanced field loss than a patient of the same ethnic origin, sex, age, referral source, but with presenting IOP of greater than 31 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: These data strongly suggest that certain subgroups of patients with glaucoma are likely to be at greater risk of presenting with advanced and irremediable field loss. (+info)

Immediate intraocular pressure response to selective laser trabeculoplasty. (8/3147)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Selective laser trabeculoplasty targets the pigmented trabecular meshwork cells without damage to the trabecular meshwork architecture in vitro. A study was conducted in vivo of eight eyes with uncontrolled open angle glaucoma to ascertain the immediate intraocular response to selective laser trabeculoplasty. METHODS: The trabecular meshwork of each eye was treated 360 degrees with a frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Intraocular pressure was measured 1, 2, 24 hours and 1, 4, 6 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: The average preoperative intraocular pressure was 26.6 (SD 7) mm Hg (range 18-37). Two hours and 6 weeks respectively after selective trabeculoplasty intraocular pressure was reduced in all the eyes treated with an average fall of 10.6 (5.2) mm Hg or 39.9%. A pressure spike of 10 mm Hg verified in one eye 1 hour after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Selective laser trabeculoplasty decreased intraocular pressure by an amount similar to that achieved with standard trabeculoplasty. Additional study is needed to determine whether the beneficial effect is sustained over a longer period of follow up. (+info)

Such low intraocular pressure could indicate fluid leakage and deflation of the eyeball. Intraocular pressure varies throughout ... Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to ... Intraocular pressure is measured with a tonometer as part of a comprehensive eye examination. Measured values of intraocular ... Intraocular pressure laws follow fundamentally from physics. Any kinds of intraocular surgery should be done by considering the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraocular_pressure

Glaucoma is a group of ocular disorders characterized by high intraocular pressure-associated neuropathies. Intraocular ... Intraocular pressure affects the rate of ultrafiltration, but not secretion. The zonular fibers collectively make up the ... Its inhibition leads to the lowering of aqueous humor production and causes a subsequent drop in the intraocular pressure. ... Murgatroyd, H.; Bembridge, J. (2008). "Intraocular pressure". Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain. 8 (3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliary_body

Tonometry is the procedure eye care professionals perform to determine the intraocular pressure (IOP), the fluid pressure ... with the normal eye pressure range between 10 and 21 mmHg (13-28 hPa). In applanation tonometry the intraocular pressure (IOP) ... The higher the intraocular pressure, the harder it is to push against and indent the cornea. For very high levels of IOP, extra ... Intraocular pressure is estimated by detecting the force of the air jet at the instance of applanation. Historically, non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_tonometry

It decreases intraocular pressure. Side effects of aceclidine include increased salivation and bradycardia (in excessive doses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceclidine

Intraocular pressure in leprosy patients. 1939 Japanese Leprosy Congress. Color blindness seen in a leprosy patient. 1941 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koh_Yasuda

Canaloplasty is a procedure to restore the eye's natural drainage system to provide sustained reduction of intraocular pressure ... Labeled with older label of 'sinus venosus scleræ' at center top.) Intraocular pressure Ocular hypertension Aspelund, ... which was associated with a reduction in intraocular pressure. In the combined absence of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2, ... By opening Schlemm's canal, the pressure inside the eye is relieved. Schlemm's canal and episcleral lymphatic vasculature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlemm's_canal

"Intra-ocular pressure changes during maximal isometric contraction: does this reflect intra-cranial pressure or retinal venous ... but they may be potential countermeasures to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) or intracranial pressure (ICP) in-flight. ... Lempert, P; Cooper, KH; Culver, JF; Tredici, TJ (June 1967). "The effect of exercise on intraocular pressure". American Journal ... Zhang, LF; Hargens, AR (January 2014). "Intraocular/Intracranial pressure mismatch hypothesis for visual impairment syndrome in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment_due_to_intracranial_pressure

... lowers intraocular pressure by about 20%. Normally, carbonic anhydrase converts carbonic acid (H2CO3) into ... Dorzolamide hydrochloride is used to lower excessive intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. This ... Dorzolamide, sold under the brand name Trusopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorzolamide

A prostaglandin analogue, such as travoprost, may be used if the intra-ocular pressure is elevated. v t e (Articles with short ... This blocked drainage raises the intraocular pressure. Mydriatic or cycloplegic agents, such as topical homatropine, which is ... which means that the iris closes the drainage way of aqueous humour which in turn raises the intraocular pressure. Posterior ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synechia_(eye)

Tonometry measures the intraocular pressure with an instrument. Normal intraocular pressure in dogs can ranges from 12 to 25 ... An intraocular pressure greater than 22 mmHg (2.9 kPa) is a significant risk factor for the development of glaucoma. Untreated ... The aim of surgery in dogs with glaucoma is to reduce intraocular pressure. This is achieved by reducing aqueous humor ... raised intraocular pressure) rather than at treating the cause of the disease. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_glaucoma

100841 PMID 31987983 Intraocular pressure, blood pressure, and retinal blood flow autoregulation: a mathematical model to ... Harris's clinical research focus includes: ocular blood flow; glaucoma; intraocular pressure and hemodynamics related to eye ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alon_Harris

"Effect of synthetic cannabinoids on elevated intraocular pressure". Ophthalmology. 88 (3): 270-7. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(81) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-41988

Intraocular pressure is lost and the globe shrinks. In the last stage of Norrie disease, the globes appear small and sunken in ... Surgery may also be used to treat increased intraocular pressure and in rare cases enucleation (removal) of the eye is ... cornea and intraocular pressure. Over the first few months of life, complete or partial retinal detachment evolves. From ... and shallowing of the anterior chamber which may increase intraocular pressure, causing eye pain. As the situation worsens, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norrie_disease

Teng, C; R Gurses-Ozden; J M Liebmann; C Tello; R Ritch (August 2003). "Effect of a tight necktie on intraocular pressure". ... A 2013 study published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology found increased intraocular pressure in such cases, which can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necktie

Treatment should be done to reduce Intraocular pressure. Congenital corneal ulcers: Unilateral corneal opacity may occur in ... the cornea is similar to that in congenital glaucoma but without increased corneal diameter and elevated intraocular pressure. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneal_opacity

"A history of intraocular pressure and its measurement". Optom Vis Sci. 88: E16-28. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e318205a4e7. PMID ... It is considered to be the gold standard instrument for measurement of Intraocular pressure (IOP). It was named after Austrian- ... the pressure (P) inside the sphere equals the force (F) necessary to flatten its surface divided by the area (A) of flattening ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldmann_Applanation_Tonometer

... clobetasone butyrate showed only minimal rises in intraocular pressure. Increased pressure within the eye can lead to glaucoma ... a comparative study of its effects in postoperative inflammation and on intraocular pressure". The British Journal of ... evaluation of clobetasone butyrate eye drops in the treatment of anterior uveitis and its effects on intraocular pressure". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clobetasone

Glaucoma: Increased intraocular pressure (pressure in the eye) cause progressive optic neuropathy that leads to optic nerve ... Sometimes glaucoma may occur without increased intraocular pressure also. Some glaucomas (e.g. open angle glaucoma) cause ... Temporary blurred vision may involve dry eyes, eye infections, alcohol poisoning, hypoglycemia, or low blood pressure. Other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blurred_vision

Ido T, Tomita G, Kitazawa Y (March 1991). "Diurnal variation of intraocular pressure of normal-tension glaucoma. Influence of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_senescence_research

Glaucoma is caused by high intra-ocular pressure (IOP). β-blockers reduce IOP and are the most common therapy. Most of the ... Although beta-blockers effectively lower blood pressure, they are not recommended as a first-line agent in the treatment of ... Therefore, β-blockers are usually used alongside other blood pressure medications such as calcium channel blockers. They also ... the challenge is to determine when to use antihypertensive medications and which level of blood pressure to target. A balance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development_of_beta-blockers

The blockage leads to greater-than-normal elevated intraocular pressure which, in turn, can damage the optic nerve. The eye ... As a result, it is recommended that persons have regular eye examinations to have their levels of intraocular pressure measured ... Eyedrops can help reduce intraocular pressure within the eye. The medications within the eyedrops can include beta blockers ( ... 1987). "Long-term follow-up of pseudoexfoliation and the development of elevated intraocular pressure". Ophthalmology. 94 (5): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoexfoliation_syndrome

... higher intraocular pressure and worse visual field experience a larger reduction in intraocular pressure than those with less ... The Goldmann equation states that Intraocular Pressure = [Aqueous Humor Formation/Outflow] + Episcleral Venous Pressure. This ... Use of novel devices for control of intraocular pressure. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Apr;88(4):792-8. Epub 2008 Nov 30. Review. Patel SP ... The Trabectome decreases the intra-ocular pressure typically to a mid-teen range and reduces the patient's requirement to take ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabectome

... increased intraocular pressure, mydriasis; dry mouth and rarely associated sublingual adentitis. Allergic: Drug fever; ... low blood pressure, nightmares, rapid or irregular heartbeat, rash, seizures, sensitivity to sunlight, stomach and intestinal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protriptyline

... or elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated intraocular pressure can in turn lead to optic nerve damage and glaucoma. ... Secondly, the elevated intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma must be treated. Steroid treatment may be discouraged ... In an eye with uveitic glaucoma, the following glaucoma signs may be observed: elevated intraocular pressure, scotomas in the ... Uveitic glaucoma is associated with an aggressive disease course caused by very high levels of intraocular pressure that wax ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveitic_glaucoma

Intraocular pressure (IOP) can be measured by tonometry devices. The eye can be thought of as an enclosed compartment through ... intraocular pressure and ophthalmoscopy through a dilated pupil. A minimal eye examination consists of tests for visual acuity ... Tonometry is a method of measuring this pressure using various instruments. The normal range is 10-21 mmHg. Examination of ... which there is a constant circulation of fluid that maintains its shape and internal pressure. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_examination

... the major risk factor for most glaucomas and the focus of treatment is increased intraocular pressure. Intraocular pressure is ... The intraocular pressure can also have an effect, with higher pressures reducing the time until blindness. As of 2010, there ... The main cause of damage to the optic nerve is intraocular pressure (IOP), excessive fluid pressure within the eye, which can ... For eye pressures, a value of 21 mmHg or 2.8 kPa above atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) is often used, with higher pressures ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma

Schwartz A, Leopold IH (1971). "Topical anti-inflammatory steroids and intraocular pressure: the place of medrysone". Drugs. 2 ... An anti-inflammatory steroid without apparent effect on intraocular pressure". Arch. Ophthalmol. 75 (6): 783-7. doi:10.1001/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medrysone

Onal S, Gozum N, Gucukoglu A (2005). "Effect of apraclonidine versus dorzolamide on intraocular pressure after ... Zhang L, Weizer JS, Musch DC (2017). "Perioperative medications for preventing temporarily increased intraocular pressure after ... for the prevention and treatment of post-surgical intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and 0.5% for short-term adjunctive ... should have frequent follow-up examinations and treatment should be discontinued if the intraocular pressure rises ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apraclonidine

Rarely, sub-epithelial band keratopathy and elevated intraocular pressure occur. Patients have blurred vision and nystagmus, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_hereditary_endothelial_dystrophy

For most individuals, the normal range of intraocular pressure is between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg. Elevated intraocular pressure is ... Ocular hypertension is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure), usually with no optic ... Medications that lower intraocular pressure work by decreasing aqueous humor production and/or increasing aqueous humor outflow ... The cannabinoids found in cannabis sativa and indica (marijuana) have been shown to reduce intraocular pressure, by up to 50% ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_hypertension

... can lead to an increased risk of glaucoma from high intraocular pressure, due to impaired eye fluid drainage, though this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strømme_syndrome

Intraocular lens "CrystaLens" replaces the normal eye lens with an adjustable one that is adjusted by using the eye's focusing ... Another type of opto-mechanical lens is the design of Joshua Silver, and uses liquid pressure against a diaphragm to control ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjustable-focus_eyeglasses

The kinesthetic sensations of the contracting and relaxing ciliary muscles (intraocular muscles) is sent to the visual cortex ... subject to the same selection pressure for frontal vision as other predatory species. He also uses this hypothesis to account ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_perception

Vitreous hemorrhage of the eye can also occur in association with intracranial hemorrhage and elevated intracranial pressure ( ... ICP). Intraocular hemorrhage can be a subretinal, retinal, preretinal, subhyaloidal, or intra-vitreal hemorrhage. Its likely ... "Terson's syndrome in subarachnoid hemorrhage and severe brain injury accompanied by acutely raised intracranial pressure". J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terson_syndrome

Loteprednol is increasingly preferred due to its lower risk of elevating intraocular pressure. The corticosteroid suppresses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlyctenular_keratoconjunctivitis

Sudden-onset floaters and central or paracentral visual field defects and nausea resulting from increased intraocular pressure ... A sudden increase in venous pressure due to intrathoracic or intra-abdominal pressure cause the small perifoveal capillaries of ... cardiopulmonary resuscitation or compression injuries may cause sudden increase in intrathoracic or intra-abdominal pressure ... to avoid anticoagulant drugs and physical activities which cause increase in intrathoracic or intra-abdominal pressure. For a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsalva_retinopathy

... a reduction in intra-ocular pressure, muscle relaxation and a sensation of cold or hot hands and feet and / or flushed face. ... "decreased blood pressure, which can cause people to faint", possibly leading to injury, even death, it can also be a ... and fluctuations in blood pressure. There are medical reports of occasional heart attacks or myocardial infarction, stroke and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis

"Immune Response and Intraocular Inflammation in Patients With Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Treated With Intravitreal ... Johnston IG, Williams BP (February 2016). "Evolutionary Inference across Eukaryotes Identifies Specific Pressures Favoring ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotopic_expression

The conjunctiva is closed in a watertight fashion at the end of the procedure.[citation needed] Intraocular pressure may be ... Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of glaucoma to relieve intraocular pressure by removing part of ... mean intraocular pressure at follow-up, and postoperative complications. Currently, there are no published trials which compare ... and human amniotic membrane as adjuncts with trabeculectomy have been associated with reduced intraocular pressure in patients ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabeculectomy

... into the canal of Schlemm and ultimately results in decreasing of the intraocular pressure. Gonioscopy of the anterior chamber ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scleral_spur

... and reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma. PGI2 (prostacyclin): IP-(PGI2) (PTGIR) - PTGIR; IP is the receptor for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eicosanoid_receptor

... be undertaken with caution to patients with glaucoma or raised intraocular pressure as fenoldopam raises intraocular pressure. ... Adverse effects include headache, flushing, nausea, hypotension, reflex tachycardia, and increased intraocular pressure. ... Fenoldopam causes arterial/arteriolar vasodilation leading to a decrease in blood pressure by activating peripheral D1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenoldopam

Positioning is often important in seating arrangements to ensure that user's body pressure is distributed equally without ... multifocal intraocular lenses and artificial retina, along with Virtual and Augmented Reality wearables (vision); smart ... or amount of pressure required for activation. Switch access may be placed near any area of the body which has consistent and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistive_technology

... act at novel cannabinoid receptors to reduce intraocular pressure". Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 27 (5): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-1918

It was also noted that there was no change in intraocular pressure and no immune response was taken against the API[ ... Anterior chamber inflammation Raised intraocular pressure Punctate keratitis (small marks on the surface of the eye) Vitreous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegaptanib

The intraocular pressure in the affected eye is very low or nonexistent. The layers in the eye may be fused together, thickened ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthisis_bulbi

Because glaucoma and elevated intraocular pressure are often present in ICE patients, long term follow up may be needed to ... Other features include possible mild iris changes, corneal edema, and normal to slight elevations in intraocular pressure. ... increased intraocular pressure, peripheral anterior synechiae, and iris changes. The exact mechanism is unknown, however there ... ensure adequate intraocular pressures are maintained. The disease is chronic and often progresses slowly. Prognosis is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridocorneal_endothelial_syndrome

... to alleviate intraocular pressure (that occurs in, e.g., goiter). Christian Jacob Naffziger had immigrated to the United States ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Christian_Naffziger

Their results found that their automated DSLT is a safe and effective method for reducing intraocular pressure. GLAUrious began ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Belkin_(ophthalmologist)

Increased intraocular pressure Changes in blood sugar levels Thrombocytopenia (an abnormally low number of platelets in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosulepin

Patient's intraocular pressure should be monitored if they are receiving long term ophthalmic treatments. No dosage reduction ... Prolonged use of prednisolone eye drops in children may lead to a raised intraocular pressure. While this phenomenon is dose ... Glaucoma: Elongated use of corticosteroids has a chance of causing a raised intraocular pressure (IOP), injuring the optic ... raised intraocular pressure, eye infection caused by fungus, diabetes. Prednisolone eye drops can be either formulated in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_prednisolone

... increased intraocular pressure, and intraocular inflammation. Although there is a theoretical risk for arterial thromboembolic ... Other serious ocular adverse events observed among ranibizumab-treated patients (incidence rate < 1%) included intraocular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranibizumab

The sudden change of pressure in the anterior chamber upon suction induced by the paracentesis, or during cataract surgery, ... American academy of ophthalmology (2012). Basic&clinical science course: Intraocular inflammation and uveitis (2011-2012 ed.). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchs_heterochromic_iridocyclitis

I-Cann designed for those with glaucoma and intra-ocular pressure, Epilec Pro for epilepsy, Sclorican for pain and discomfort ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Lowe

... and reduced intraocular pressure in animal tests, making it potentially useful in the treatment of glaucoma. Nabitan has the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabitan

"Latrunculin B Reduces Intraocular Pressure in Human Ocular Hypertension and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma". Translational Vision ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrunculin

Pate, DW (1999). Anandamide structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action on intraocular pressure in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid

An intracanalicular microstent reduced intraocular pressure and the need for hypotensive medications at 2 years, new research ... A reduction in intraocular pressure of at least 20% was achieved by more patients in the stent group than in the control group ... Intraocular pressure and the need for medication decreased after surgery in both groups. In the stent group, the reductions ... At 24 months, intraocular pressure was significantly better in the stent group than the control group (P = .0093). ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/841000

Fast and comfortable intraocular pressure measurement by ZEISS. , Learn more ► ... The ZEISS VISUPLAN 500 makes the measurement of intraocular pressure a gentle and more comfortable process for your patients ... Every professional glaucoma screening includes the measurement of intraocular pressure. The VISUPLAN® 500 from ZEISS makes this ... and finally review and monitor the development of the intraocular pressure of your customers in an easy and intuitive way, ...

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1968) Effect of raised intraocular pressure on the retinal and choroidal circulation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 7:191-198. ... 1997) Autoregulation of human optic nerve head circulation in response to increased intraocular pressure. Exp Eye Res 64:737- ... While elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a clear risk factor, vascular insufficiency and abnormal autoregulation of the ... 1973) Ocular and optic nerve blood flow at normal and increased intraocular pressures in monkeys (Macaca irus): a study with ...

https://bjo.bmj.com/content/83/1/33

... J Glaucoma. 2006 Oct;15(5):349-53. doi ... Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) and the safety and tolerability of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16988594/

Fall in intraocular pressure during acute hypoglycaemia in patients with insulin dependent diabetes:. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) ... Fall in intraocular pressure during acute hypoglycaemia in patients with insulin dependent diabetes: Authors reply ... Fall in intraocular pressure during acute hypoglycaemia in patients with insulin dependent diabetes: ... Fall in intraocular pressure during acute hypoglycaemia in patients with insulin dependent diabetes: ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/294/6583/1353.5

US-4642378-A chemical patent summary.

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patent/US-4642378-A

Understanding the cause of elevated IOP in patients with uveitis is the basis for developing a rational treatment plan.

https://www.ophthalmologytimes.com/view/etiology-determines-intraocular-pressure-treatment

You need to be signed in to access email alerts. If you have an account log in with your user name and password. If you dont have an account you can just enter your email address in the email box below ...

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... and axonal loss in a chronic pressure-induced rat model of optic nerve damage. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or ... Effect of intraocular pressure on optic disc topography, electroretinography, ... Effect of intraocular pressure on optic disc topography, electroretinography, and axonal loss in a chronic pressure-induced rat ... "Effect of Intraocular Pressure On Optic Disc Topography, Electroretinography, and Axonal Loss in a Chronic Pressure-induced Rat ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/12202517/Effect_of_intraocular_pressure_on_optic_disc_topography_electroretinography_and_axonal_loss_in_a_chronic_pressure_induced_rat_model_of_optic_nerve_damage_

Long-term home monitoring of intraocular pressure in pediatric glaucoma. ... Long-term home monitoring of intraocular pressure in pediatric glaucoma. Journal Article (Journal Article) ... PURPOSE: Diurnal fluctuation of intraocular pressure (IOP), implicated in progression of adult glaucoma, has been reported in ... An IOP reading 20% greater than mean for an individual eye over the entire period (a pressure spike) occurred in 19.3 ± 6.7% ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub1147650

Novel Ex-Vivo Translaminar Autonomous System to study effects of Intraocular and Intracranial pressure differential on Human ... Novel Ex-Vivo Translaminar Autonomous System to study effects of Intraocular and Intracranial pressure differential on Human ... Novel Ex-Vivo Translaminar Autonomous System to study effects of Intraocular and Intracranial pressure differential on Human ... which contained two independent pressure chambers. The pressure within the posterior region of the eye (IOP) and around the ON ...

https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2694498

In the current study, we examined whether postoperative nausea and vomiting is associated with reduced intraocular pressure ( ... IOP) after microvascular decompression, a measure that reflects intracranial pressure.This is a prospective cohort study. Adult ... Association of intraocular pressure and postoperative nausea and vomiting after microvascular decompression - a prospective ... In the current study, we examined whether postoperative nausea and vomiting is associated with reduced intraocular pressure ( ...

https://www.physiciansweekly.com/association-of-intraocular-pressure-and-postoperative-nausea-and-vomiting-after-microvascular-decompression-a-prospective-cohort-study/?pagetype=anesthesiology-surgery

Intraocular pressure has remained at 16 mm Hg postoperatively without the use of any intraocular pressure lowering agents. He ... Remarkably, the patients intraocular pressure remained very low for weeks after stopping all treatment. Despite having a ... This produced a dramatic reduction in intraocular pressure to 2-4 mm Hg within 24 hours. At this stage, the acetazolamide was ... Alternatively, it is also possible that raised intraocular pressure had in fact led to the dehiscence of the scleral wound. ...

https://casereports.bmj.com/content/15/8/e249990

INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE DURING INDUCTION CF ANESTHESIA WITH PROPOFOL OR THIOPENTAL FOLLOWED BY VECURONIUM: INFLUENCE OF AN ... CHANGES IN INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE DURING RAPID SEQUENCE INDUCTION OF ANESTHESIA USING PROPOFOL OR THIOPENTAL WITH VECURONIUM ... P. Elliott, R. K. Mirakhur, W. F.I. Shepherd; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE DURING INDUCTION CF ANESTHESIA WITH PROPOFOL OR THIOPENTAL ... Effects of Crystalloid versus Colloid and the α-2 Agonist Brimonidine versus Placebo on Intraocular Pressure during Prone Spine ...

https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/67/3/A484/45459/INTRAOCULAR-PRESSURE-DURING-INDUCTION-CF

Recent work has suggested that inducing small, transient elevations in the pressure in the eye (intra-ocular pressure) ... By better understanding how the normal eye copes with physiological stressors such as raised pressure, we are better placed to ... The effect of intraocular pressure on retinal ganglion cell function The effect of intraocular pressure on retinal ganglion ...

https://healthsciences.unimelb.edu.au/research-groups/optometry-and-vision-sciences-research/optological-laboratory/the-influence-of-reward-on-where-we-look2

https://www.staging.medscape.com/viewarticle/841000

... monitoring of intraocular pressure without causing users discomfort and difficulty when they measure their intraocular pressure ... Thus, we fabricated a smart contact lens that can monitor the intraocular pressure by using a strain sensor. In addition, we ... To explain, when the soft contact lens is deformed by a change in intraocular pressure, the rigid region has a negligible ... Very little strain is caused by the change in the intraocular pressure, so, even though the strain sensor had high sensitivity ...

https://bioengineeringcommunity.nature.com/posts/a-soft-smart-contact-lens-for-monitoring-of-intraocular-pressures?channel_id=behind-the-paper

VA, visual acuity; CF, count fingers; IOP, intraocular pressure. A portion of the material in this video was previously ... Human Intraocular Filariasis Caused by Dirofilaria sp. Nematode, Brazil Domenico Otranto. , Daniel G. Diniz, Filipe Dantas- ... Human Intraocular Filariasis Caused by Dirofilaria sp. Nematode, Brazil. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/5/10-0916-fa

Intraocular pressure. A decrease in intraocular pressure has been shown to occur during pregnancy and often persists for ... This decrease in intraocular pressure may have implications for pregnant women with preexisting glaucoma, since improvement of ... leading to decreased episcleral venous pressure; generalized increased tissue elasticity, leading to decreased scleral rigidity ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1229740-overview

Effects of Topical alo 2145 (P-Aminoclonidine Hydrochloride) on the Acute Intraocular Pressure Rise after Argon Laser Iridotomy ... Effects of Topical alo 2145 (P-Aminoclonidine Hydrochloride) on the Acute Intraocular Pressure Rise after Argon Laser Iridotomy ... title = "Effects of Topical alo 2145 (P-Aminoclonidine Hydrochloride) on the Acute Intraocular Pressure Rise after Argon Laser ... T1 - Effects of Topical alo 2145 (P-Aminoclonidine Hydrochloride) on the Acute Intraocular Pressure Rise after Argon Laser ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effects-of-topical-alo-2145-p-aminoclonidine-hydrochloride-on-the-4

Intraocular pressure during haemodialysis. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 1988 Apr-Jun; 36(2): 74-5. en_US. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/70006?mode=full

Goniotomy for uncontrolled intraocular pressure in iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. Edgar M. Espana, Syril Dorairaj, Robert ... Goniotomy for uncontrolled intraocular pressure in iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. / Espana, Edgar M.; Dorairaj, Syril; ... Goniotomy for uncontrolled intraocular pressure in iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. Asian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2007 Jun ... Goniotomy for uncontrolled intraocular pressure in iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. In: Asian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2007 ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/goniotomy-for-uncontrolled-intraocular-pressure-in-iridocorneal-e

... education videos from Rendia Do you have difficulty explaining the ins and outs of eye care treatments such as intraocular ...

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Intraocular Pressure (IOP). The postoperative IOP was lower after 23G PPV (surgery day: 20G: 16.9 ± 8.2 mmHg, 23G: 12.5 ± 6.2 ... Gosse E, Newsom R, Hall P, Lochhead J. Changes in day 1 post-operative intraocular pressure following sutureless 23-gauge and ... Desai UR, Alhalel AA, Schiffman RM, Campen TJ, Sundar G, Muhich A. Intraocular pressure elevation after simple pars plana ... Depending on the underlying disease, the intraocular tamponade was chosen: SF6 gas 20% (ISPAN SF6 Intraocular Gas; Alcon Pharma ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-018-0826-6

Intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal front keratometry values (K1, K2, Km), central corneal thickness (CCT), central anterior ... Intraocular pressure and anterior segment biometry were evaluated before wearing, at 2 and 5 min of wearing, and at 5 min after ... To evaluate and compare the changes in intraocular pressure and anterior eye segment biometrics during and after wearing two ... From: Short-term effects of two types of goggles on intraocular pressure and anterior eye segment biometrics ...

https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12886-022-02308-y/tables/4

Switch to the dark mode thats kinder on your eyes at night time.. Switch to the light mode thats kinder on your eyes at day time.. ...

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... is pressure caused by the fluid inside the eye; it helps to maintain the shape of the eye. Learn more! ... Pressure caused by the fluid inside the eye; it helps to maintain the shape of the eye. ...

https://www.liangvision.com/medical-eye-conditions-sacramento/intraocular-pressure-iop/

Intraocular and Intraorbital Compartment Pressure Changes following Orbital Bone Grafting: A Clinical and Laboratory Study. ...

https://journals.lww.com/plasreconsurg/toc/1999/07000

The pressure usually builds up due to blockage in the drainage of the aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eyes. ... Glaucoma results from raised intraocular pressure. The pressure usually builds up due to blockage in the drainage of the ... Raised intraocular pressure. The anterior chamber of the eyeball is filled with aqueous humor that provides nutrients to the ... Some individuals naturally have a raised intraocular pressure of greater than 21mm of Hg. These individuals may not develop ...

https://www.news-medical.net/health/Glaucoma-Causes.aspx

So, what is intraocular pressure, and what does it mean? ... Intraocular Pressure. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid ... One factor you must keep an eye on is your eyes intraocular pressure. Continue reading to learn what exactly intraocular ... What Is Intraocular Pressure & What Does It Mean?. The eye may seem like a simple organ because it only allows us to see, but ... Each component of the eye is important, but intraocular pressure is one of the most impactful. Now that you know what it means ...

https://www.auto-oph.com/what-is-intraocular-pressure-what-does-it-mean/

CORONADO, California - In glaucoma patients, the implantation of an intracanalicular microstent ( Hydrus , Ivantis) maintains low intraocular pressure for 2 years and reduces the need for medication, a new study has shown. (medscape.com)
To study the effect of the stent on intraocular pressure, the researchers recruited patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, or pigment dispersion glaucoma from seven sites in Europe. (medscape.com)
While elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a clear risk factor, vascular insufficiency and abnormal autoregulation of the optic nerve circulation have been hypothesised to play a significant role in the development and progression of glaucoma. (bmj.com)
Every professional glaucoma screening includes the measurement of intraocular pressure. (zeiss.com)
Long-term home monitoring of intraocular pressure in pediatric glaucoma. (duke.edu)
PURPOSE: Diurnal fluctuation of intraocular pressure (IOP), implicated in progression of adult glaucoma, has been reported in children only in the context of office and short-term home monitoring. (duke.edu)
Here, we generated a novel ex-vivo model of translaminar pressure to determine if ICP has a role in glaucoma pathogenesis. (arvojournals.org)
This decrease in intraocular pressure may have implications for pregnant women with preexisting glaucoma, since improvement of the disease during pregnancy has been reported in a few cases. (medscape.com)
By better understanding how the normal eye copes with physiological stressors such as raised pressure, we are better placed to understand what happens when coping mechanisms fail - as in the eye disease glaucoma. (edu.au)
Glaucoma is a disease that results in blindness because the high intraocular pressure presses continuously on the optic nerve and damages it. (nature.com)
One patient eventually required a glaucoma drainage device for intraocular pressure control. (elsevier.com)
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the sole modifiable risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. (edu.au)
Glaucoma results from raised intraocular pressure. (news-medical.net)
Introduction: We examined the sustainability of the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of travoprost (0.004%) ophthalmic solution in subjects with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). (elsevier.com)
Intraocular pressure elevation and glaucoma. (keaganeyewear.com)
Genome-wide analysis of multi-ancestry cohorts identifies new loci influencing intraocular pressure and susceptibility to glaucoma. (ox.ac.uk)
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor in developing glaucoma, and variability in IOP might herald glaucomatous development or progression. (ox.ac.uk)
Effects of the Numbers and the Shapes of Venting Slits on Intraocular Pressure after Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Implant. (integrativedryneedling.com)
Purpose: Venting slits are widely used as an effective method to avoid the high intraocular pressure (IOP) phase immediately after the implantation of non-valved glaucoma drainage devices. (integrativedryneedling.com)
Researchers using an optimized protocol to measure inner retinal function using the photopic negative response (PhNR) detected short-term improvements in some participants with glaucoma after a reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). (ophthalmologyadvisor.com)
Thus, evidence suggests that targeting the material properties of SC cells will have therapeutic benefits for lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma. (novartis.com)
Home » Home » MEDICAL THERAPY » B - Medical Therapy in Glaucoma » Do we have other therapeutic weapons besides reducing intraocular pressure? (glaucoma-answers.org)
Traditionally, glaucoma treatment is based on reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). (glaucoma-answers.org)
Studies have shown significantly lower CSF pressure in subjects with normal-tension (NTG) and primary open-angle (POAG) glaucoma than in controls. (glaucoma-answers.org)
Parallel studies have also shown a significantly higher CSF pressure in patients with ocular hypertension without any evidence of glaucoma, compared to the control group 16,17,18 . (glaucoma-answers.org)
Because of the risk of visual loss from cataract, glaucoma and intraocular infection with the use of intravitreal steroids, Ozurdex tends to be reserved for use in patients unresponsive to anti-VEGF therapy for centre-involving DMO. (docksci.com)
Intraocular pressure tonometry (if used for glaucoma). (entirelypetspharmacy.com)
The study showed that only 40% and 38% of the participants were aware of the term intraocular pressure and glaucoma, respectively. (tnoajosr.com)
An elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered to be a risk factor for glaucoma. (tnoajosr.com)
Normal-tension glaucoma is a form of glaucoma that occurs when the optic nerve deteriorates even though the eye's intraocular pressure is normal. (acuityvision.com)
Glaucoma treatment: Medical marijuana may help to reduce pressure in the eye and prevent vision loss in people with glaucoma. (medicalmarijuanacard.co)
Some studies suggest that use of medical marijuana helps lower intraocular pressure in the eyes of glaucoma patients. (allbestessays.com)
The Utility of iCare HOME Tonometry for Detection of Therapy-Related Intraocular Pressure Changes in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension. (cuanschutz.edu)
However, the occurrence of glaucoma could be explained by the existence of several risk factors, such as an increase in eye pressure. (cliniquebellevue.com)

Intraocular Pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside an eye (measured in mmHg) and tonometry is the method used to determine the IOP. (restorevisionclinic.com)
The aim of this study is to compare intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy eyes measured via dynamic bidirectional applanation and air-puff tonometry, and to evaluate the effect of age, gender, the spherical equivalent (SE), mean keratometry (Kmean), corneal hysteresis (CH), and the corneal resistance factor (CRF) on IOP measurements. (jocgp.com)
Purpose - To investigate if the accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements using rebound tonometry over disposable hydrogel (etafilcon A) contact lenses (CL) is affected by the positive power of the CLs. (aston.ac.uk)
abstract = "Purpose - To investigate if the accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements using rebound tonometry over disposable hydrogel (etafilcon A) contact lenses (CL) is affected by the positive power of the CLs.Methods - The experimental group comprised 26 subjects, (8 male, 18 female). (aston.ac.uk)

Secondary outcome measures were flare values 2 days and 26 weeks after surgery, subjective discomforts measured with a visual analog scale, best-corrected visual acuity, duration of surgery, intraocular pressure (IOP) and adverse events. (springer.com)
A full eye examination consists of an external examination, followed by specific tests for visual acuity , pupil function, extraocular muscle motility, visual fields , intraocular pressure and ophthalmoscopy through a dilated pupil. (wikipedia.org)
On September 16, 2008, a 16-year-old boy came to the Clínica de Olhos do Pará in Pará, Brazil, with low visual acuity (0.54 m), an intraocular pressure of 44 mm Hg, and pain in the left eye. (cdc.gov)

One factor you must keep an eye on is your eye's intraocular pressure. (auto-oph.com)

An intraocular pressure lowering implant is a device intended to reduce intraocular pressure when implanted in eyes which have not failed conventional medical and surgical treatment. (fda.gov)
This promotes the natural fluid flow to reduce intraocular pressure, which can cause severe damage to the vision if left untreated. (skipjack.net)

Acute treatment with oral acetazolamide and topical ocular hypotensive agents produced a marked reduction in intraocular pressure to 2-4 mm Hg. (bmj.com)

You may need to use eye drops to decrease the inflammation or lower the pressure in your eye. (medlineplus.gov)
Yeniad B, Beginoglu M, Ozgun C. Missed intraocular foreign body masquerading as intraocular inflammation: Two cases. (ijoreports.in)
3 Many patients with posterior uveitis or panuveitis depend on systemic steroids to achieve longterm control of intraocular inflammation. (touchophthalmology.com)
Icon is a specialty biopharmaceutical company whose lead product DEXYCU (dexamethasone intraocular suspension) 9% is FDA approved for postoperative inflammation and is administered as a single dose at the end of ocular surgery. (mtspartners.com)
DEXYCU is the first long-acting intraocular product approved by the FDA for the treatment of postoperative inflammation. (mtspartners.com)

Novel Ex-Vivo Translaminar Autonomous System to study effects of Intraocular and Intracranial pressure differential on Human Retinal Ganglion Cells. (arvojournals.org)
Recent work has suggested that inducing small, transient elevations in the pressure in the eye (intra-ocular pressure) increases the metabolic demand of the retinal ganglion cells, and alters their electrophysiological responses. (edu.au)

A prospective, randomized, double-masked pilot study compared topical 1% ALO 2145 (p-aminoclonidine hydrochloride, a topical α2-agonist) with a placebo to determine its ability to minimize any acute postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) increase after argon laser iridotomy. (elsevier.com)
Robin, AL , Pollack, IP & Defaller, JM 1987, ' Effects of Topical alo 2145 (P-Aminoclonidine Hydrochloride) on the Acute Intraocular Pressure Rise after Argon Laser Iridotomy ', Archives of ophthalmology , vol. 105, no. 9, pp. 1208-1211. (elsevier.com)

Increased IOP and decreased intracranial pressure (ICP) could increase the strain within and across the laminar region, where RGC axons exit the eye. (arvojournals.org)

Evaluation of intraocular pressure, choroidal and retinal thickness measurements using optical coherence tomography in non - diabetic haemodialysis patients. (akiugydytojai.lt)

Using the TAS model we maintained and autonomously regulated pressure in both chambers (IOP,20-40 mmHg/ ICP,5-10 mmHg). (arvojournals.org)
In this study, we developed an in vitro model of giant vacuole formation in human Schlemm's canal endothelial cells (HSCECs) perfused in the basal-to-apical direction (i.e., the direction that flow crosses the inner wall in vivo) under controlled pressure drops (2 or 6 mmHg). (unl.edu)
Intraocular pressure was 14 mmHg in both eyes. (ijoreports.in)
Her Intra-Ocular Pressures were normal in both eyes (12 mmHg) but she was dehydrated and was admitted for intravenous fluids and monitoring. (juniperpublishers.com)

Fast and comfortable intraocular pressure measurement. (zeiss.com)
The ZEISS VISUPLAN 500 makes the measurement of intraocular pressure a gentle and more comfortable process for your patients with a soft puff of air. (zeiss.com)
Routine eye examinations require a measurement of IOP to ensure the pressure is not severely high or low. (restorevisionclinic.com)
Refraction, assessment of binocular function, slit lamp biomicroscopy, measurement of intraocular pressures, dilated fundus exam and digital retinal photography. (familyeyecare.biz)

To characterize the effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) on optic disc topography, retinal function, and axonal survival in a model of IOP-induced optic nerve damage in rat. (unboundmedicine.com)
When the fluid cannot drain properly, the pressure in the eye builds up and can damage the optic nerve. (news-medical.net)
An IOP of around 27 mm Hg or higher typically leads to optic nerve damage, but some people experience higher pressures without any complications. (auto-oph.com)
The rising fluid level subsequently leads to an elevated intraocular pressure , which slowly damages the optic nerve. (acuityvision.com)
It is a disease of the optic nerve, usually caused by elevated intraocular pressure due to inefficient evacuation of the aqueous humour. (cliniquebellevue.com)

The posterior cup with human iPSC-RGCs was cultured in the TAS model (Figure 1) which contained two independent pressure chambers. (arvojournals.org)
The pressure within the posterior region of the eye (IOP) and around the ON (ICP) was autonomously modulated. (arvojournals.org)

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure within your eye. (auto-oph.com)
That pressure should be constant, but the fluid constantly changes throughout the day as it moves and replenishes. (auto-oph.com)
Translaminar pressure (TP) is the gradient between IOP and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and retrobulbar tissue pressure 9,10 . (glaucoma-answers.org)
SLT stands for Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty and uses laser technology to open fluid pressure in the eye. (skipjack.net)
The blockage causes fluid in the eye to build up rapidly, creating a spike in intraocular pressure. (acuityvision.com)

Ectopia lentis can be managed conservatively with refractive correction or surgically with lens extraction with or without intraocular lens implantation. (bmj.com)

See The Case of the Middle-Aged Woman with Sudden Unilateral Vision Loss , a Critical Images slideshow, to help identify and treat malignant intraocular tumors. (medscape.com)
This type of lymphoma represents 1% of NHLs, 1% of intracranial tumors, and less than 1% of intraocular tumors. (medscape.com)

A decrease in intraocular pressure has been shown to occur during pregnancy and often persists for several months postpartum. (medscape.com)

Slit lamp examination of the left eye revealed epithelial corneal oedema, conjunctival chemosis and raised intraocular pressure at 42 mm Hg. (bmj.com)

A soft and transparent contact lens can be used to wirelessly monitor intraocular pressure quantitatively in humans. (nature.com)
Thus, we fabricated a smart contact lens that can monitor the intraocular pressure by using a strain sensor. (nature.com)
The reason for the integration of wireless technology is that this technology is required to enable the real-time monitoring of intraocular pressure without causing users discomfort and difficulty when they measure their intraocular pressure using a smart contact lens. (nature.com)
To explain, when the soft contact lens is deformed by a change in intraocular pressure, the rigid region has a negligible change, and the deformation is concentrated on the soft region. (nature.com)
A new prototype of contact lens sensor (CLS) for monitoring the intraocular pressure (IOP) variations in a non-invasive way has been developed. (uab.cat)

All patients discontinued their hypotensive medications during washout periods before surgery, 12 months after surgery, and 24 months after surgery so that intraocular pressure could be assessed without the influence of topical hypotensive medications. (medscape.com)
Dr Serle also wanted to know whether stent patients could achieve intraocular pressure from 10 to 12 mm Hg without the use of medication. (medscape.com)
Aim: To report the clinical outcome of 3 patients with iridocorneal endothelial syndrome who underwent goniotomy for the management of elevated intraocular pressure. (elsevier.com)
Les variables comprenaient les données sociodémographiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques des patients pris en charge pour une urgence pénienne. (bvsalud.org)
Résultats : Durant cette période, 63 patients ont été pris en charge pour urgences péniennes. (bvsalud.org)
[ 10 ] Intraocular lymphoma typically affects elderly patients, with reported series having mean ages in the seventh decade of life. (medscape.com)

A case of elevated intraocular pressure associated with systemic steroid therapy. (keaganeyewear.com)
Unlike endothelial cells lining the systemic vasculature, endothelial cells lining the inner wall of SC support a transcellular pressure gradient in the basal to apical direction, thus acting to push the cells off their basal lamina. (novartis.com)

To analyze the course of intraocular pressure (IOP) during femtosecond laser pretreatment to cataract surgery. (edu.au)

The resulting biomechanical strain in SC cells is quite large and is likely to be an important determinant of endothelial barrier function, outflow resistance and intraocular pressure. (novartis.com)

It provides decent amounts of muscle growth and fat loss, though it's certainly not a steroid you'll likely find Mr. Anavar is known as the 'girl steroid' so as you can probably guess, it is also popular with female bodybuilders as well as male bodybuilders, oral steroid intraocular pressure. (keaganeyewear.com)
But doctors never prescribe anabolic steroids to young, healthy people to help them build muscles, oral steroid intraocular pressure. (keaganeyewear.com)
Intraocular pressure (iop) elevation following steroid use is well- documented. (keaganeyewear.com)
Eyedrops, oral, subtenon injections, subconjunctival or retrobulbar The most common derivation to the above directions is on day one, oral steroid intraocular pressure. (keaganeyewear.com)
Will steroids dehydrate you, anabolic vs anti inflammatory steroids Oral steroid intraocular pressure, cheap price order legal steroid paypal. (keaganeyewear.com)
The two common ocular side effects associated with steroid use are increased intraocular pressure (iop) and cataract formation. (keaganeyewear.com)
Several case reports have linked long-term steroid ointment use to iop With liver toxicity rates much higher in oral steroids than injectable versions, oral steroid intraocular pressure. (keaganeyewear.com)
Oral steroid intraocular pressure, price buy steroids online bodybuilding drugs. (keaganeyewear.com)
3 In addition, intraocular steroid injections can lead to increased intraocular pressure, ptosis, and strabismus, and carry a risk of globe penetration. (touchophthalmology.com)

infections in humans have been detected mostly in subcutaneous tissue and lungs ( 3 ), and 1 intraocular case of infection with D . repens was reported from Russia ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

Below is the selection of side effect reports (a.k.a. adverse event reports) related to Diovan HCT (Valsartan / Hydrochlorothiazide) where reactions include blood pressure fluctuation. (druglib.com)

Arrange early referral for intraocular pressures assessment if personal. (keaganeyewear.com)
Intraocular pressure assessment. (who.int)

The most challenging part of this research was the development of the strain sensor to measure the intraocular pressure. (nature.com)
Very little strain is caused by the change in the intraocular pressure, so, even though the strain sensor had high sensitivity, it was very difficult to measure the change in the intraocular pressure. (nature.com)
By fabricating the strain sensor on the soft region where the mechanical deformations are concentrated, the Si strain sensor was able to measure the change in intraocular pressure. (nature.com)
A few CLSs were fabricated and tested with an eye phantom and with enucleated pig eyes by means of applying pressure with a low pressure transducer and recording the electrical changes in the sensor with a portable recorder. (uab.cat)

Topical and oral steroids had been tapered, and intraocular pressure- lowering agents had been initiated. (keaganeyewear.com)

Conclusion: Goniotomy is a potentially useful surgical technique for reducing intraocular pressure in eyes with iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. (elsevier.com)
The pressure usually builds up due to blockage in the drainage of the aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eyes. (news-medical.net)
Here at Automated Ophthalmics, we have all the ophthalmic supplies that eye doctors and surgeons could ever need to diagnose and treat these pressure buildups in your eyes properly! (auto-oph.com)
This model offers promising opportunities to investigate the role of endothelial cell biomechanics in the regulation of intraocular pressure in normal and glaucomatous eyes. (unl.edu)
Eye drops are administered to numb your eyes, and a tonometer gently touches your eyes to measure intraocular pressure. (illinoiseyecenter.com)
Comparison of intraocular pressure readings with Perkins, Tonopen, iCare 200, and iCare Home to manometry in cadaveric eyes. (cuanschutz.edu)

Steroids, however, can increase intraocular pressure in some people. (keaganeyewear.com)

Human Intraocular Filariasis Caused by Dirofilaria sp. (cdc.gov)
We report a case of human intraocular dirofilariasis in which a live male Dirofilaria sp. (cdc.gov)

The present study was planned to investigate the effect of the intensity of exercise on intraocular pressure (IOP), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycaemia and blood lactate concentration in regularly trained Italian saddle jumper horses. (unime.it)
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant effect of different workloads on blood lactate concentration, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. (unime.it)

This is the first reported case to present atypically with intermittent episodes of raised intraocular pressure rather than with hypotony. (bmj.com)
We report a case of late-onset sclerotomy dehiscence presenting with intermittent episodes of raised intraocular pressure. (bmj.com)

Alterations in Intraocular Pressure and Corneal Thickness Immediately Following a 161-km Foot Race. (wser.org)

Possible adverse effects are hypotension and increase in intraocular pressure. (chemeurope.com)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) and the safety and tolerability of oromucosal administration of a low dose of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). (nih.gov)
Parmoud KB, Reddy TS, Prabhaker H. Effect of repeat laryngoscopy on intraocular pressure. (medigraphic.com)

These also cause the growth of a fibrovascular membrane over the trabecular meshwork leading to an obstruction of the trabecular meshwork and/or associated peripheral anterior synechiae leading to an increase of intraocular pressure (IOP). (europa.eu)

Aqueous humour transport across the inner wall endothelium of Schlemm's canal likely involves flow through giant vacuoles and pores, but the mechanics of how these structures form and how they influence the regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP) are not well understood. (unl.edu)

Anatomy33

Organisms6

Diseases62

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment80

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes36

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science1

Health Care14

Management of phacolytic glaucoma: experience of 135 cases. (1/3147)

Rapid pneumatic and Mackey-Marg applanation tonometry to evaluate the postural effect on intraocular pressure. (2/3147)

Asymmetry in optic disc parameters: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. (3/3147)

Apoptosis and caspases after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat retina. (4/3147)

Mechanism of exercise-induced ocular hypotension. (5/3147)

A pharmacoeconomic analysis of rimexolone for the treatment of ophthalmic inflammatory conditions. (6/3147)

Retrospective analysis of risk factors for late presentation of chronic glaucoma. (7/3147)

Immediate intraocular pressure response to selective laser trabeculoplasty. (8/3147)

Intraocular Pressure

Tonometry, Ocular

Glaucoma

Ocular Hypertension

Lenses, Intraocular

Pressure

Glaucoma, Open-Angle

Aqueous Humor

Lens Implantation, Intraocular

Timolol

Blood Pressure

Trabeculectomy

Ophthalmic Solutions

Prostaglandins F, Synthetic

Trabecular Meshwork

Ocular Hypotension

Ciliary Body

Sclera

Eye

Anterior Chamber

Administration, Topical

Iris

Phacoemulsification

Cataract Extraction

Visual Acuity

Vitreous Body

Pupil

Anterior Eye Segment

Optic Disk

Cornea

Glaucoma, Angle-Closure

Gonioscopy

Hydrostatic Pressure

Optic Nerve Diseases

Injections

Retinal Ganglion Cells

Filtering Surgery

Optic Nerve

Glaucoma Drainage Implants

Laser Therapy

Glaucoma, Neovascular

Fluorophotometry

Vitrectomy

Eye Neoplasms

Rabbits

Antihypertensive Agents

Transducers, Pressure

Blood-Aqueous Barrier

Injections, Intraocular

Miotics

Cloprostenol

Cataract

Retinal Diseases

Exfoliation Syndrome

Choroid

Retina

Endophthalmitis

Levobunolol

Uvea

Blood Pressure Determination

Silicone Oils

Microscopy, Acoustic

Pseudophakia

Visual Fields

Circadian Rhythm

Iris Diseases

Venous Pressure

Sclerostomy

Eye Foreign Bodies

Administration, Ophthalmic

Eye Diseases

Uveitis

Intracranial Pressure

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Prospective Studies

Low Tension Glaucoma

Electroretinography

Triamcinolone Acetonide

Atmospheric Pressure

Hyphema