The area within the CELL NUCLEUS.

Human topoisomerase IIalpha: targeting to subchromosomal sites of activity during interphase and mitosis. (1/56)

Mammalian topoisomerase IIalpha (topo IIalpha) plays a vital role in the removal of topological complexities left on DNA during S phase. Here, we developed a new assay to selectively identify sites of catalytic activity of topo IIalpha with subcellular resolution. We show that topo IIalpha activity concentrates at replicating heterochromatin in late S in a replication-dependent manner and at centric heterochromatin during G2 and M phases. Inhibitor studies indicate that this cell cycle-dependent concentration over heterochromatin is sensitive to chromatin structure. We further show that catalytically active topo IIalpha concentrates along the longitudinal axis of mitotic chromosomes. Finally, we found that catalytically inert forms of the enzyme localize predominantly to splicing speckles in a dynamic manner and that this pool is differentially sensitive to changes in the activities of topo IIalpha itself and RNA polymerase II. Together, our data implicate several previously unsuspected activities in the partitioning of the enzyme between sites of activity and putative depots.  (+info)

Computer-assisted image analysis protocol that quantitatively measures subnuclear protein organization in cell populations. (2/56)

Many nuclear proteins, including the nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR) protein are localized to specific regions of the cell nucleus, and this subnuclear positioning is preserved when NCoR is expressed in cells as a fusion to a fluorescent protein (FP). To determine how specific factors may influence the subnuclear organization of NCoR requires an unbiased approach to the selection of cells for image analysis. Here, we use the co-expression of the monomeric red FP (mRFP) to select cells that also express NCoR labeled with yellow FP (YFP). The transfected cells are selected for imaging based on the diffuse cellular mRFP signal without prior knowledge of the subnuclear organization of the co-expressed YFP-NCoR. The images acquired of the expressed FPs are then analyzed using an automated image analysis protocol that identifies regions of interest (ROIs) using a set of empirically determined rules. The relative expression levels of both fluorescent proteins are estimated, and YFP-NCoR subnuclear organization is quantified based on the mean focal body size and relative intensity. The selected ROIs are tagged with an identifier and annotated with the acquired data. This integrated image analysis protocol is an unbiased method for the precise and consistent measurement of thousands of ROIs from hundreds of individual cells in the population.  (+info)

Identification and characterization of two novel proteins affecting fission yeast gamma-tubulin complex function. (3/56)

The gamma-tubulin complex, via its ability to organize microtubules, is critical for accurate chromosome segregation and cytokinesis in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. To better understand its roles, we have purified the S. pombe gamma-tubulin complex. Mass spectrometric analyses of the purified complex revealed known components and identified two novel proteins (i.e., Mbo1p and Gfh1p) with homology to gamma-tubulin-associated proteins from other organisms. We show that both Mbo1p and Gfh1p localize to microtubule organizing centers. Although cells deleted for either mbo1(+) or gfh1(+) are viable, they exhibit a number of defects associated with altered microtubule function such as defects in cell polarity, nuclear positioning, spindle orientation, and cleavage site specification. In addition, mbo1Delta and gfh1Delta cells exhibit defects in astral microtubule formation and anchoring, suggesting that these proteins have specific roles in astral microtubule function. This study expands the known roles of gamma-tubulin complex components in organizing different types of microtubule structures in S. pombe.  (+info)

Going in GTP cycles in the nucleolus. (4/56)

Proteins are directed to cellular compartments by specific localization signals. A GTP-driven cycle has now been identified as a mechanism for protein targeting to the nucleolus. The involvement of a GTP switch suggests that nucleolar localization can be regulated and may be responsive to extracellular stimuli via signaling pathways. The uncovered mechanism also implies that localization is determined by increased retention rather than directed targeting.  (+info)

A multistep, GTP-driven mechanism controlling the dynamic cycling of nucleostemin. (5/56)

Nucleostemin (NS) was identified as a stem cell- and cancer cell-enriched nucleolar protein that controls the proliferation of these cells. Here, we report the mechanism that regulates its dynamic shuttling between the nucleolus and nucleoplasm. The nucleolar residence of nucleostemin involves a transient and a long-term binding by the basic and GTP-binding domains, and a dissociation mechanism mediated by the COOH-terminal region. This cycle is propelled by the GTP binding state of nucleostemin. We propose that a rapid nucleostemin cycle is designed to translate extra- and intra-cellular signals into the amount of nucleostemin in the nucleolus in a bidirectional and fast manner.  (+info)

FRAP analysis of nucleocytoplasmic dynamics of the vitamin D receptor splice variant VDRB1: preferential targeting to nuclear speckles. (6/56)

Although the key components of the cellular nuclear transport machinery have largely been characterized through extensive efforts in recent years, in vivo measurements of the kinetics of nuclear protein import/export are patently few. The present study applies the approach of FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) to examine the nucleocytoplasmic flux of a novel human VDRB1 (vitamin D receptor B1) isoform in living cells. Through an N-terminal extension containing a consensus nuclear targeting sequence, VDRB1 is capable of localizing in nuclear speckles adjacent to SC-35 (35 kDa splicing component)-containing speckles as well as in the nucleoplasm, dependent on ligand. Investigation of VDRB1 nucleocytoplasmic transport using FRAP indicates for the first time that the VDRB1 has a serum-modulated, active nuclear import mechanism. There is no evidence of an efficient, active export mechanism for VDRB1, probably as a result of nuclear retention. VDRB1 nuclear import in the absence of serum occurred more rapidly and to a greater extent to nuclear speckles compared with import to other nuclear sites. This preferential transport from the cytoplasm to and accumulation within nuclear speckles is consistent with the idea that the latter represent dynamic centres of VDRB1 interaction with other nuclear proteins. The results are consistent with the existence of specialized pathways to target proteins to nuclear subdomains.  (+info)

Quantitative methods to analyze subnuclear protein organization in cell populations with varying degrees of protein expression. (7/56)

The control of gene transcription is dependent on DNA-binding and coregulatory proteins that assemble in distinct regions of the cell nucleus. We use multispectral wide-field microscopy of cells expressing transcriptional coregulators labeled with fluorescent proteins (FP) to study the subnuclear localization and function of these factors in living cells. In coexpression studies, the glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein (GRIP) coactivator protein and the silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid (SMRT) corepressor protein form spherical subnuclear focal bodies that are spatially distinct, suggesting that specific protein interactions concentrate these divergent proteins in separate subnuclear regions. However, the variability of these subnuclear bodies between cells within the population makes analysis based on "representative images" difficult, if not impossible. To address this issue, we develop a protocol for unbiased selection of cells from the population, followed by the automated quantification of the subnuclear organization of the labeled proteins. Statistical methods identify a significant linear correlation between the FP-coregulator expression level and subnuclear focal body formation for both FP-GRIP and FP-SMRT. Importantly, we confirm that these changes in subnuclear organization could be statistically normalized for differences in coregulator expression level. This integrated quantitative image analysis method will allow the rigorous comparison of different experimental cell populations that express variable levels of FP fusion proteins.  (+info)

Dynamic positioning of the fission yeast cell division plane. (8/56)

A key question in cytokinesis is how the cell division plane is positioned. Whereas microtubules of the mitotic apparatus specify the division site in animal cells, we show here that the nucleus plays this role in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. By centrifuging cells to move the nucleus, we find that the nucleus (or a nuclear-associated structure) actively influences the position of contractile ring assembly during early mitosis. Displacement of the nucleus during this induction period can lead to formation of multiple rings. The nucleus signals its position in a microtubule-independent manner by emitting the protein mid1p. Furthermore, movement of ring fragments together minimizes formation of multiple division sites. These dynamic mechanisms of ring positioning provide a robust coordination of nuclear and cell division.  (+info)

The intranuclear space, also known as the nucleoplasm or karyolymph, refers to the internal environment of a eukaryotic cell's nucleus. It is the fluid-filled space inside the nuclear membrane where the genetic material, chromatin, and various nuclear organelles such as the nucleolus are suspended. The intranuclear space is involved in numerous essential cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, and repair.

The inter-territorial space between the isogenous cell groups contains relatively more collagen fibres, allowing it to maintain ... Embedded in this are one or two round nuclei, having the usual intranuclear network. The cells are contained in cavities in the ... This constitutes the so-called 'capsule' of the space. Each lacuna is usually occupied by a single cell, but during mitosis, it ...
The transition from flagellated form to the amoeboid form can be induced by introducing 1.5% of oxygen to the top space of a ... The nucleus elongates while an intranuclear spindle is formed. The nucleolus remains inside of the nucleus and divides into two ...
... intranuclear space MeSH A11.284.430.106.279.345.175 - cell nucleolus MeSH A11.284.430.106.279.345.190 - chromosomes MeSH ... intranuclear inclusion bodies MeSH A11.284.420.460 - lewy bodies MeSH A11.284.430.106 - cell nucleus MeSH A11.284.430.106.279 ...
Advances in Space Research. 21 (8-9): 1285-1289. Bibcode:1998AdSpR..21.1285H. doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00400-6. PMID 11541383 ... Intranuclear Symbionts of Paramecia". Frontiers in Microbiology. 9: 738. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00738. PMC 5911502. PMID ... studies on the ground and in space". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 199 (Pt 10): 2199-2205. doi:10.1242/jeb.199.10.2199. ... "Fitness Impact of Obligate Intranuclear Bacterial Symbionts Depends on Host Growth Phase". Frontiers in Microbiology. 7: 2084. ...
They detected DNA replication of pairs of the tagged loci spaced apart symmetrically from a replication origin and found that ... shown that DNA helicases form dimers in many eukaryotic cells and bacterial replication machineries stay in single intranuclear ...
Mutant atrophin-1 proteins have been found in neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NII) and diffusely accumulated in the neuronal ... Morphometric analysis of DRPLA mouse brains has shown a loss of normal inter-microtubule spacing in neuronal axons. The ... NIIs have also been demonstrated to alter the distribution of the intranuclear structures, such as promyelocytic leukemia ... 2001). "Widespread occurrence of intranuclear atrophin-1 accumulation in the central nervous system neurons of patients with ...
Meaning that if a person is at a location (A) they can move to a new location (B) and still take up the same amount of space. ... Atomic physics is influenced by the nucleus (see hyperfine splitting), but intra-nuclear phenomena such as fission and fusion ... The two chief theories of modern physics present a different picture of the concepts of space, time, and matter from that ... "NASA - Q&A on the GLAST Mission". Nasa: Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. NASA. 28 August 2008. Archived from the original on 25 ...
... intranuclear inclusions, and prominent nucleoli. The neoplastic cells are usually strongly reactive with S100 protein, SOX10, ... characteristic concurrent surface-type respiratory epithelial proliferation is found from the surface or in small cystic spaces ...
Goebel HH, Warlo I (January 1997). "Nemaline myopathy with intranuclear rods--intranuclear rod myopathy". Review. Neuromuscular ... 649 The space between the two membranes is called the perinuclear space, and is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum lumen ... For example, the presence of small intranuclear rods has been reported in some cases of nemaline myopathy. This condition ... in 2002, paraspeckles are irregularly shaped compartments in the interchromatin space of the nucleus. First documented in HeLa ...
... as well as release of neurotransmitters into the neural extracellular space), and produce our memories, thoughts, and movements ... or specific intracytoplasmic or intranuclear proteins and other immunogenetic molecules, e.g., neurotransmitters. Immunoreacted ... the three directions of space are represented precisely by the sagittal, transverse and horizontal planes, whereas coronal ...
This will widen any space that exists between the bladder and the rectum.[medical citation needed] Frank's procedure can be ... this will cause a reduction in the intranuclear levels of β catenin. Additionally, steroidogenic enzymes such as 17α- ...
... "intranuclear" (in the nucleus). closed intranuclear pleuromitosis closed extranuclear pleuromitosis closed orthomitosis ... As this happens, microtubules invade the nuclear space. This is called open mitosis, and it occurs in some multicellular ... In relation to the forms of mitosis, closed intranuclear pleuromitosis seems to be the most primitive type, as it is more ... Following, the occurrence of the forms of mitosis in eukaryotes: Closed intranuclear pleuromitosis is typical of Foraminifera, ...
... which may give the appearance of intranuclear inclusions. They may appear in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Inclusion body ... bodies are dense electron-refractile particles of aggregated protein found in both the cytoplasmic and periplasmic spaces of E ...
There will be both diffusion and binding, and indeed the diffusion constant may not be uniform in space, and there may be more ... González-Pérez, Vinicio; Schmierer, Bernhard; Hill, Caroline S.; Sear, Richard P. (2011). "Studying Smad2 intranuclear ... than one type of binding sites, and these sites may also have a non-uniform distribution in space. Flow processes may also be ...
This goes some way to explain the great variety of clumps that form in these cases, such as Nemaline or Intranuclear Bodies or ... Periodic actin rings - A periodic structure constructed of evenly spaced actin rings is found in axons. In this structure, the ... In some variants where intranuclear bodies are found the changes in the folding masks the nucleus's protein exportation signal ...
Intranuclear Space - Heterochromatin PubMed MeSh Term *Overview. Overview. subject area of * A new fluorescence resonance ...
Intranuclear Space - Chromatin PubMed MeSh Term *Overview. Overview. subject area of * Lnc-ing enhancers to MYC regulation ... DIFFERENT NUCLEOSOME SPACING IN TRANSCRIBED AND NON-TRANSCRIBED REGIONS OF THE RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE IN TETRAHYMENA-THERMOPHILA ... Deformation Microscopy for Dynamic Intracellular and Intranuclear Mapping of Mechanics with High Spatiotemporal Resolution ... Intranuclear Space - Euchromatin PubMed MeSh Term * Intranuclear Space - Heterochromatin PubMed MeSh Term ...
Adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, with both stroke-like onset and encephalitic attacks: a case report. ... Adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, with both stroke-like onset and encephalitic attacks: a case report.. BMC ... AgedEncephalitisFemaleHumansIntranuclear Inclusion BodiesMutationNeurodegenerative DiseasesReceptor, Notch2Stroke ... "Adult-onset Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease, With Both Stroke-like Onset and Encephalitic Attacks: a Case Report." BMC ...
The inter-territorial space between the isogenous cell groups contains relatively more collagen fibres, allowing it to maintain ... Embedded in this are one or two round nuclei, having the usual intranuclear network. The cells are contained in cavities in the ... This constitutes the so-called capsule of the space. Each lacuna is usually occupied by a single cell, but during mitosis, it ...
Categories: Intranuclear Space Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted ...
The amoebae of the two species are indistinguishable except for the presence of intranuclear fibers in G. vulgaris. Both ... production of microbody-like organelles in the perinuclear space, spores with thin bilaminar walls, and stalks containing ...
... spaces. No perivascular cuffing. ... Intranuclear. Organs/Tissues Affected. Brain (LV), liver (LV) ...
O Widely spaced primary teeth,O Widely spaced teeth,O Widely spaced toes,O Widely-spaced incisors,O Widely-spaced maxillary ... O Muscle fiber intranuclear inclusion bodies,O Muscle fiber necrosis,O Muscle fiber splitting,O Muscle fiber tubular inclusions ... O Narrow joint spaces of the elbow,O Narrow joint spaces of wrist,O Narrow maxilla,O Narrow mouth,O Narrow nail,O Narrow naris, ... central incisors,O Widened atrophic scar,O Widened cerebellar subarachnoid space,O Widened cerebral subarachnoid space,O ...
The relative positions of viral DNA genomes to the host intranuclear environment play critical roles in determining virus fate ... are spherical and evenly spaced, and the ER (blue), mitochondria (orange) and lipid droplets (yellow) are well anchored. The ... A CRISPR-based rapid DNA repositioning strategy and the early intranuclear life of HSV-1 ... which each contain 139 evenly spaced nuclei (Shemer and Podbilewicz, 2000), making them a useful system for investigating ...
Intranuclear Space [A11.284.430.106.279.345]. *Chromosomes [A11.284.430.106.279.345.190]. *Biological Sciences [G] ...
Some of the nuclei are enlarged and overlapping with partial nuclear clearing, but without any intranuclear inclusions. There ... which originate within the marginal zone of the lymphoid follicles and can extend into the interfollicular space, germinal ... eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions and longitudinal nuclear grooves. Some of these nuclear features can be seen in Hashimoto ...
The spaces are lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium, which may be surrounded by a ring of transitional epithelium. ... Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion. * Polyomavirus: Decoy cells or comet cells ... Emphysematous cystitis is characterized by cystic, gas-filled spaces in the bladder wall-usually in the background of acute and ... Cystitis cystica et glandularis (CCCG). Slitlike and cystic spaces, lined by cuboidal and columnar epithelium and a rim of ...
Large, irregularly spaced vessels prominent in Antoni B areas. *Narrow, elongated and wavy cells with tapered ends, ... Occasional intranuclear pseudoinclusions. *Many thin-walled small blood vessels. *Frequent neutrophils. *Entrapped epithelial ... Alcian blue positive, and hyaluronidase sensitive myxoid stroma/acellular mucin pools forming cleft-like spaces ...
... into the subendothelial space. With the interplay of chemoattractant proteins like MCP-1, eotaxin, and INF-γ, T cells and mast ... transduction pathways initiating intranuclear apoptotic signal transduction. The formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) reduces ... which in turn initiates intranuclear apoptotic signal transduction pathways in ECs (Figure 3). ...
Single, small, basophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies are most common in areas of necrosis in the lung, liver, and kidneys; ... occasionally, they are evident as faintly acidophilic bodies located within the nuclear space. ...
Single, small, basophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies are most common in areas of necrosis in the lung, liver, and kidneys; ... occasionally, they are evident as faintly acidophilic bodies located within the nuclear space. ...
Intranuclear accumulation of beta-catenin results in enhanced expression of target genes that play a critical role in cellular ... 1] Typically, the tumors arise within the sella or adjacent suprasellar space. ...
The Impact of Space and Time on the Functional Output of the Genome. Marcelo Nollmann, Isma Bennabi, Markus Götz, and Thomas ... replication timing and RNA processing dynamics based on new technologies aimed at examining chromatin and other intranuclear ... Despite its prominence and importance, our understanding of how the nucleus and its DNA are organized in space and time-and the ...
The Impact of Space and Time on the Functional Output of the Genome. Marcelo Nollmann, Isma Bennabi, Markus Götz, and Thomas ... replication timing and RNA processing dynamics based on new technologies aimed at examining chromatin and other intranuclear ... Despite its prominence and importance, our understanding of how the nucleus and its DNA are organized in space and time-and the ...
... the pores in them must be larger than the largest intranuclear cavity class with diameters of 11-15 nm. ... They are also quantitatively similar in their pattern of space distribution with, near 30% of nuclear space as 11-15-nm holes, ... of total nuclear space. Differences may exist in this total free space but they appear to be less than the errors inherent in ... Probing the free space within rat and chicken chromatin with active and passive probes Leigh A. Burgoyne, Leigh A. Burgoyne ...
There were intranuclear inclusion bodies in the macrophages. The PCR technique for detecting the EHV-5 DNA was positive. In a ... Histologically, the lung nodules had alveolar spaces with walls covered by cuboidal epithelium containing macrophages, ...
The inter-territorial space between the isogenous cell groups contains relatively more collagen fibres, allowing it to maintain ... Embedded in this are one or two round nuclei, having the usual intranuclear network. ... This constitutes the so-called capsule of the space. Each lacuna is usually occupied by a single cell, but during mitosis, it ...
Assessment of the calendar aging of lithium-ion batteries for a long-term-Space missions Hayder Ali, Héctor Beltrán San Segundo ... Equipo deshumidificador para las unidades de posicionamiento de la instrumentación intranuclear de un reactor nuclear Walter ... The Use of Li‐ion Batteries for a 50‐Year Space Flight Héctor Beltrán San Segundo, Nancy J. Lindsey, Michael Pecht. 2022 ... Conference on Advanced Power Systems for Deep Space Exploration. Virtual (Estats Units de lAmèrica del Nord). 30-08-2022. ...
... to increase entropy i will just pump out some gas and so the entropy will be increased as less molecules will have more space ... intramolecular intranuclear energy) ...
future levels in algorithms, In-depth as looking the Intranuclear book semiparametric regression for the of an tracking network ... and the gap application of the common extraction spaced by Neural cortisol energies, are critically expected. The rather other ...
Medullary carcinoma was ruled out based on the absence of amyloid deposits in the interstitial space between the cell ... There were no nuclear grooves or intranuclear inclusions characteristic of papillary carcinoma, no papillary or follicular ... and the absence of intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. ...
... surrounding nuclear space supported the conclusion that SRC-1 is actively transported from the PML bodies to the intranuclear ... surrounding nuclear space supported the conclusion that SRC-1 is actively transported from the PML bodies to the intranuclear ... surrounding nuclear space supported the conclusion that SRC-1 is actively transported from the PML bodies to the intranuclear ... surrounding nuclear space supported the conclusion that SRC-1 is actively transported from the PML bodies to the intranuclear ...
In summary, our studies pointed out that Mage-D1 was differentially expressed in time and space during tooth development and ... p75NTR is a membrane receptor protein, and Dlx1 and Msx1 are intranuclear transcription factors. Mage-D1, a significant protein ...
BARD1 induces BRCA1 intranuclear foci formation by increasing RING-dependent [PATIENT1 BRCA1] [DESTINATION1 nuclear] [PREDICATE ... To augment our feature space, we turned to Hacioglu et. al.s phrase-chunking model [40]. The model itself was inappropriate ... BARD1 induces BRCA1 intranuclear foci formation by increasing RING-dependent [PATIENT1 BRCA1] [DESTINATION1 nuclear] [PREDICATE ...

No FAQ available that match "intranuclear space"