Intermediate filament proteins. Medical search

Filaments 7-11 nm in diameter found in the cytoplasm of all cells. Many specific proteins belong to this group, e.g., desmin, vimentin, prekeratin, decamin, skeletin, neurofilin, neurofilament protein, and glial fibrillary acid protein.

Cytoplasmic filaments intermediate in diameter (about 10 nanometers) between the microfilaments and the microtubules. They may be composed of any of a number of different proteins and form a ring around the cell nucleus.

An intermediate filament protein found in most differentiating cells, in cells grown in tissue culture, and in certain fully differentiated cells. Its insolubility suggests that it serves a structural function in the cytoplasm. MW 52,000.

An intermediate filament protein found predominantly in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. Localized at the Z line. MW 50,000 to 55,000 is species dependent.

A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.

Type III intermediate filament proteins expressed mainly in neurons of the peripheral and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS. Peripherins are implicated in neurite elongation during development and axonal regeneration after injury.

A type VI intermediate filament protein expressed mostly in nerve cells where it is associated with the survival, renewal and mitogen-stimulated proliferation of neural progenitor cells.

A type II keratin found associated with KERATIN-18 in simple, or predominately single layered, internal epithelia.

Nuclear matrix proteins that are structural components of the NUCLEAR LAMINA. They are found in most multicellular organisms.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

An intermediate filament protein found only in glial cells or cells of glial origin. MW 51,000.

A type I keratin found associated with KERATIN-6 in rapidly proliferating squamous epithelial tissue. Mutations in the gene for keratin-17 have been associated with PACHYONYCHIA CONGENITA, TYPE 2.

Type III intermediate filament proteins that assemble into neurofilaments, the major cytoskeletal element in nerve axons and dendrites. They consist of three distinct polypeptides, the neurofilament triplet. Types I, II, and IV intermediate filament proteins form other cytoskeletal elements such as keratins and lamins. It appears that the metabolism of neurofilaments is disturbed in Alzheimer's disease, as indicated by the presence of neurofilament epitopes in the neurofibrillary tangles, as well as by the severe reduction of the expression of the gene for the light neurofilament subunit of the neurofilament triplet in brains of Alzheimer's patients. (Can J Neurol Sci 1990 Aug;17(3):302)

A subclass of developmentally regulated lamins having a neutral isoelectric point. They are found to disassociate from nuclear membranes during mitosis.

A subclass of ubiquitously-expressed lamins having an acidic isoelectric point. They are found to remain bound to nuclear membranes during mitosis.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

A type I keratin found associated with KERATIN-8 in simple, or predominately single layered, internal epithelia.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

A lattice of fibrils which covers the entire inner surface of the nuclear envelope and interlinks nuclear pores (NUCLEAR PORE).

A cytoskeletal linker protein with a molecular weight of greater than 500 kDa. It binds INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS; MICROTUBULES; and ACTIN CYTOSKELETON and plays a central role in the organization and stability of the CYTOSKELETON. Plectin is phosphorylated by CALMODULIN KINASE; PROTEIN KINASE A; and PROTEIN KINASE C.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments.

Rare leukoencephalopathy with infantile-onset accumulation of Rosenthal fibers in the subpial, periventricular, and subependymal zones of the brain. Rosenthal fibers are GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN aggregates found in ASTROCYTES. Juvenile- and adult-onset types show progressive atrophy of the lower brainstem instead. De novo mutations in the GFAP gene are associated with the disease with propensity for paternal inheritance.

A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the CILIARY BODY is crucial for OCULAR ACCOMMODATION.

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A thin membrane that lines the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES and the central canal of the SPINAL CORD.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A genus of chiefly Eurasian and African land snails including the principal edible snails as well as several pests of cultivated plants.

The membrane system of the CELL NUCLEUS that surrounds the nucleoplasm. It consists of two concentric membranes separated by the perinuclear space. The structures of the envelope where it opens to the cytoplasm are called the nuclear pores (NUCLEAR PORE).

Characteristic cells of granulomatous hypersensitivity. They appear as large, flattened cells with increased endoplasmic reticulum. They are believed to be activated macrophages that have differentiated as a result of prolonged antigenic stimulation. Further differentiation or fusion of epithelioid cells is thought to produce multinucleated giant cells (GIANT CELLS).

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

A type of junction that attaches one cell to its neighbor. One of a number of differentiated regions which occur, for example, where the cytoplasmic membranes of adjacent epithelial cells are closely apposed. It consists of a circular region of each membrane together with associated intracellular microfilaments and an intercellular material which may include, for example, mucopolysaccharides. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

A protein found in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. It inhibits contraction of the muscle unless its position is modified by TROPONIN.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).

The residual framework structure of the CELL NUCLEUS that maintains many of the overall architectural features of the cell nucleus including the nuclear lamina with NUCLEAR PORE complex structures, residual CELL NUCLEOLI and an extensive fibrogranular structure in the nuclear interior. (Advan. Enzyme Regul. 2002; 42:39-52)

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Desmoplakins are cytoskeletal linker proteins that anchor INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS to the PLASMA MEMBRANE at DESMOSOMES.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Monomeric subunits of primarily globular ACTIN and found in the cytoplasmic matrix of almost all cells. They are often associated with microtubules and may play a role in cytoskeletal function and/or mediate movement of the cell or the organelles within the cell.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Electrophoresis in which a second perpendicular electrophoretic transport is performed on the separate components resulting from the first electrophoresis. This technique is usually performed on polyacrylamide gels.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

A genus of the family Heteromyidae which contains 22 species. Their physiology is adapted for the conservation of water, and they seldom drink water. They are found in arid or desert habitats and travel by hopping on their hind limbs.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by serous bullae that heal without scarring. Mutations in the genes that encode KERATIN-5 and KERATIN-14 have been associated with several subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

A giant elastic protein of molecular mass ranging from 2,993 kDa (cardiac), 3,300 kDa (psoas), to 3,700 kDa (soleus) having a kinase domain. The amino- terminal is involved in a Z line binding, and the carboxy-terminal region is bound to the myosin filament with an overlap between the counter-connectin filaments at the M line.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

A family of related proteins that associate with cytoskeletal elements and junctional complexes at INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS. Plakins share a common plakin domain or a plakin repeat domain.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

A protein factor that regulates the length of R-actin. It is chemically similar, but immunochemically distinguishable from actin.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.

A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM; CILIA; and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE; VINCRISTINE; and VINBLASTINE.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (e.g., lead or viruses) or metabolically inactive materials (e.g., ceroid or MALLORY BODIES), within the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell. Inclusion bodies are in cells infected with certain filtrable viruses, observed especially in nerve, epithelial, or endothelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

A group of desmosomal cadherins with cytoplasmic tails that resemble those of classical CADHERINS.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

A 90-kDa protein produced by macrophages that severs ACTIN filaments and forms a cap on the newly exposed filament end. Gelsolin is activated by CALCIUM ions and participates in the assembly and disassembly of actin, thereby increasing the motility of some CELLS.

A type II keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-10 in terminally differentiated epidermal cells such as those that form the stratum corneum. Mutations in the genes that encode keratin-1 have been associated with HYPERKERATOSIS, EPIDERMOLYTIC.

A multi-functional catenin that is highly homologous to BETA CATENIN. Gamma catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It is also found in DESMOSOMES where it mediates the link between DESMOSOMAL CADHERINS and DESMOPLAKIN.

A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

A type I keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-5 in the internal stratified EPITHELIUM. Mutations in the gene for keratin-14 are associated with EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA SIMPLEX.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

Field of chemistry that pertains to immunological phenomena and the study of chemical reactions related to antigen stimulation of tissues. It includes physicochemical interactions between antigens and antibodies.

Molecular chaperones: small heat shock proteins in the limelight. (1/2086)

Small heat shock proteins have been the Cinderellas of the molecular chaperone world, but now the crystal structure of a small heat shock protein has been solved and mutation of two human homologues implicated in genetic disease. Intermediate filaments appear to be one of the key targets of their chaperone activity. (+info)

Specific and innervation-regulated expression of the intermediate filament protein nestin at neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions in skeletal muscle. (2/2086)

The intermediate filament proteins nestin, vimentin, and desmin show a specific temporal expression pattern during the development of myofibers from myogenic precursor cells. Nestin and vimentin are actively expressed during early developmental stages to be later down-regulated, vimentin completely and nestin to minimal levels, whereas desmin expression begins later and is maintained in mature myofibers, in which desmin participates in maintaining structural integrity. In this study we have analyzed the expression levels and distribution pattern of nestin in intact and denervated muscle in rat and in human. Nestin immunoreactivity was specifically and focally localized in the sarcoplasm underneath neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and in the vicinity of the myotendinous junctions (MTJs), ie, in regions associated with acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). This association prompted us to analyze nestin in neurogenically and myogenically denervated muscle. Immunoblot analysis disclosed a marked overall increase of accumulated nestin protein. Similar to the extrajunctional redistribution of AChRs in denervated myofibers, nestin immunoreactivity extended widely beyond the NMJ region. Re-innervation caused complete reversion of these changes. Our study demonstrates that the expression levels and distribution pattern of nestin are regulated by innervation, ie, signal transduction into myofibers. (+info)

Plectin is a linker of intermediate filaments to Z-discs in skeletal muscle fibers. (3/2086)

Plectin is a versatile linker protein which is associated with various types of cytoskeletal components and/or filaments including intermediate filaments, and its deficiency causes the disruption of myofibrils, or muscular dystrophy. To better understand the functional role of plectin in skeletal muscle fibers, we have examined the topological and structural relationships of plectin to intermediate filaments and Z-discs in rat diaphragm muscles by confocal and immunoelectron microscopy. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that plectin was colocalized with desmin at the periphery of Z-discs. This plectin localization around Z-discs was constantly maintained irrespective of the contracted or extended state of the muscle fibers, suggesting either direct or indirect association of plectin with Z-discs. Immunogold labeling in skinned muscle fibers clearly demonstrated that plectin-labeled fine threads linked desmin intermediate filaments to Z-discs and connected intermediate filaments to each other. These results indicate that through plectin threads desmin intermediate filaments form lateral linkages among adjacent Z-discs, preventing individual myofibrils from disruptive contraction and ensuring effective force generation. (+info)

Distinct neural stem cells proliferate in response to EGF and FGF in the developing mouse telencephalon. (4/2086)

Multipotent, self-renewing neural stem cells reside in the embryonic mouse telencephalic germinal zone. Using an in vitro neurosphere assay for neural stem cell proliferation, we demonstrate that FGF-responsive neural stem cells are present as early as E8.5 in the anterior neural plate, but EGF-responsive neural stem cells emerge later in development in a temporally and spatially specific manner. By separately blocking EGF and FGF2 signaling, we also show that EGF alone and FGF2 alone can independently elicit neural stem cell proliferation and at relatively high cell densities separate cell nonautonomous effects can substantially enhance the mitogen-induced proliferation. At lower cell densities, neural stem cell proliferation is additive in the presence of EGF and FGF2 combined, revealing two different stem cell populations. However, both FGF-responsive and EGF-responsive neural stem cells retain their self-renewal and multilineage potential, regardless of growth factor conditions. These results support a model in which separate, lineage-related EGF- and FGF-responsive neural stem cells are present in the embryonic telencephalic germinal zone. (+info)

Molecular genetic study of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa in Lithuanian patients. (5/2086)

Lithuanian patients with visual problems were clinically examined for retinitis pigmentosa (RP). A total of 33 unrelated families with autosomal dominant RP (adRP) were identified. Screening for mutations in the rhodopsin (RHO) and peripherin/RDS (RDS) genes was performed using DNA heteroduplex analysis. Direct DNA sequencing in the cases of heteroduplex formation showed the presence of the following mutations and polymorphisms in 14 adRP patients: RHO gene - Lys248Arg (1 case), and Pro347Leu (2 cases); RDS gene - Glu304Gln (12 cases), Lys310Arg (5 cases), and Gly338Asp (12 cases). The presence of these mutations (except Lys248Arg in the RHO gene) was confirmed by relevant restriction enzyme digestion. The frequency of the RDS gene mutations Glu304Gln and Gly338Asp was estimated to be 36.4%, while mutation Lys310Arg was less frequent (15.2%). These 3 RDS gene mutations appear to be polypeptide polymorphisms not related to adRP. (+info)

The beta4 integrin interactor p27(BBP/eIF6) is an essential nuclear matrix protein involved in 60S ribosomal subunit assembly. (6/2086)

p27(BBP/eIF6) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that was originally identified as p27(BBP), an interactor of the cytoplasmic domain of integrin beta4 and, independently, as the putative translation initiation factor eIF6. To establish the in vivo function of p27(BBP/eIF6), its topographical distribution was investigated in mammalian cells and the effects of disrupting the corresponding gene was studied in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In epithelial cells containing beta4 integrin, p27(BBP/eIF6) is present in the cytoplasm and enriched at hemidesmosomes with a pattern similar to that of beta4 integrin. Surprisingly, in the absence and in the presence of the beta4 integrin subunit, p27(BBP/eIF6) is in the nucleolus and associated with the nuclear matrix. Deletion of the IIH S. cerevisiae gene, encoding the yeast p27(BBP/eIF6) homologue, is lethal, and depletion of the corresponding gene product is associated with a dramatic decrease of the level of free ribosomal 60S subunit. Furthermore, human p27(BBP/eIF6) can rescue the lethal effect of the iihDelta yeast mutation. The data obtained in vivo suggest an evolutionarily conserved function of p27(BBP/eIF6) in ribosome biogenesis or assembly rather than in translation. A further function related to the beta4 integrin subunit may have evolved specifically in higher eukaryotic cells. (+info)

A high molecular weight intermediate filament-associated protein in BHK-21 cells is nestin, a type VI intermediate filament protein. Limited co-assembly in vitro to form heteropolymers with type III vimentin and type IV alpha-internexin. (7/2086)

BHK-21 fibroblasts contain type III vimentin/desmin intermediate filament (IF) proteins that typically co-isolate and co-cycle in in vitro experiments with certain high molecular weight proteins. Here, we report purification of one of these and demonstrate that it is in fact the type VI IF protein nestin. Nestin is expressed in several fibroblastic but not epithelioid cell lines. We show that nestin forms homodimers and homotetramers but does not form IF by itself in vitro. In mixtures, nestin preferentially co-assembles with purified vimentin or the type IV IF protein alpha-internexin to form heterodimer coiled-coil molecules. These molecules may co-assemble into 10 nm IF provided that the total amount of nestin does not exceed about 25%. However, nestin does not dimerize with types I/II keratin IF chains. The bulk of the nestin protein consists of a long carboxyl-terminal tail composed of various highly charged peptide repeats. By analogy with the larger neurofilament chains, we postulate that these sequences serve as cross-bridgers or spacers between IF and/or other cytoskeletal constituents. In this way, we propose that direct incorporation of modest amounts of nestin into the backbone of cytoplasmic types III and IV IFs affords a simple yet flexible method for the regulation of their dynamic supramolecular organization and function in cells. (+info)

Plectin is concentrated at intercellular junctions and at the nuclear surface in morphologically differentiated rat Sertoli cells. (8/2086)

Intermediate filaments in Sertoli cells have a well-defined pattern of distribution. They form a basally situated perinuclear network from which filaments extend peripherally to adhesion plaques at the plasma membrane and to sites of codistribution with other major elements of the cytoskeleton, particularly with microtubules. Although the general pattern of intermediate filament distribution is known, the molecular components involved with linking the filaments to organelles and attachment plaques in these cells have not been identified. One candidate for such a linking element is plectin. In this study we test for the presence of, and determine the distribution of, plectin in Sertoli cells of the rat testis. Fixed frozen sections and fixed epithelial fragments of rat testis were probed for plectin and vimentin using antibodies. Tissue was evaluated using standard fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy. Plectin in Sertoli cells was concentrated in a narrow zone surrounding the nucleus, and at focal sites, presumably desmosome-like plaques, at interfaces with adjacent cells. Plectin was also concentrated at sites where intermediate filament bundles project into specialized actin-filament containing plaques at sites of attachment to elongate spermatids. Plectin in Sertoli cells is concentrated at the nuclear surface and in junction plaques associated with the plasma membrane. The pattern of distribution is consistent with plectin being involved with linking intermediate filaments centrally (basally) to the nucleus and peripherally to intercellular attachment sites. (+info)

10-nm-diameter cytoskeletal filaments that are distributed throughout the cytoplasm from the level of the nuclear surface to ... Intermediate Filament High Molecular Weight Protein Baby Hamster Kidney Intermediate Filament Vimentin Filament These keywords ... A novel intermediate filament-associated protein, NAPA-73, that binds to different filament types at different stages of ... Intermediate Filament-Associated Proteins. In: Goldman R.D., Steinert P.M. (eds) Cellular and Molecular Biology of Intermediate ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-9604-9_15

Intermediate Filament Proteins, the latest volume in the Methods in Enzymology series covers all the intermediate filaments in ... download and read Intermediate Filament Proteins ebook online in EPUB or PDF format for iPhone, iPad, Android, Computer and ... Intermediate Filament Proteins, the latest volume in the Methods in Enzymology series covers all the intermediate filaments in ... Intermediate Filament Proteins. by M Bishr Omary(ed.) ; Ronald K Liem(ed.) ...

https://www.ebooks.com/2510239/intermediate-filament-proteins/omary-m-bishr-liem-ronald-k/

Intermediate filament proteins and their associated diseases. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(20):2087-2100.. View this article via: ... A 300,000-mol-wt intermediate filament-associated protein in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. J Cell Biol. 1985;100(2):620- ... Structure and assembly properties of the intermediate filament protein vimentin: the role of its head, rod and tail domains. J ... Giant axonal neuropathy-associated gigaxonin mutations impair intermediate filament protein degradation. Saleemulla Mahammad,1 ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/66387

SUMO regulates the assembly and function of a cytoplasmic intermediate filament protein in C. elegans.. Kaminsky R1, Denison C ... One such target is the cytoplasmic intermediate filament (cIF) protein named IFB-1, which is expressed in hemidesmosome-like ... SUMO regulates the assembly and function of a cytoplasmic intermediate filament protein in C. elegans ... SUMO regulates the assembly and function of a cytoplasmic intermediate filament protein in C. elegans ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19922876?dopt=Abstract

... proteins and heat shock proteins (HSPs) are large multimember families that share several features, including protein abundance ... Intermediate filament (IF) proteins and heat shock proteins (HSPs) are large multimember families that share several features, ... Intermediate filaments take the heat as stress proteins Trends Cell Biol. 2010 Feb;20(2):79-91. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.11.004 ... We are now coming to understand that these common elements point to IFs as important cellular stress proteins with some roles ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20045331/?dopt=Abstract

Intermediate filament protein synemin is present in human reactive and malignant astrocytes and associates with ruffled ... Expression of the intermediate filament protein synemin in myofibrillar myopathies and other muscle diseases. Olivé, M., ... Desmuslin, an intermediate filament protein that interacts with alpha -dystrobrevin and desmin. Mizuno, Y., Thompson, T.G., ... Interactions of intermediate filament protein synemin with dystrophin and utrophin. Bhosle, R.C., Michele, D.E., Campbell, K.P ...

http://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/23336.html

A strikingly intermediate filament (IF)-like cytoskeleton, composed of crescentin, is also present in Caulobacter crescentus ... Intermediate Filament-Like Proteins in Bacteria and a Cytoskeletal Function in Streptomyces Mol Microbiol. 2008 Nov;70(4):1037- ... A strikingly intermediate filament (IF)-like cytoskeleton, composed of crescentin, is also present in Caulobacter crescentus ... Together, the bioinformatic and experimental data suggest that an IF-like protein architecture is a versatile design that is ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18976278/?dopt=Abstract

A 57 kDa protein, that is not vimentin, is the major component of intermediate filaments (IF) obtained after 2 cycles of in ... Distribution of a novel 57 kDa intermediate filament (IF) protein in the nervous system. LM Parysek and RD Goldman ... Distribution of a novel 57 kDa intermediate filament (IF) protein in the nervous system ... Distribution of a novel 57 kDa intermediate filament (IF) protein in the nervous system ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/8/2/555?ijkey=2ee3461580f574aa8fa330641202e8f8441d22fd&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Protein. Similar proteins. Species. Score. Length. Source. Q17107. Muscle cell intermediate filament protein OV71 (Fragment). ... Protein. Similar proteins. Species. Score. Length. Source. Q17107. Muscle cell intermediate filament protein OV71 (Fragment). ... sp,Q17107,AV71_ACAVI Muscle cell intermediate filament protein AV71 (Fragment) OS=Acanthocheilonema viteae OX=6277 GN=AV71 PE=2 ... to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.,p>,a href=/help/protein_names target=_top>More...,/a>,/p>Protein namesi. ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q17107

... intermediate filament protein) fluorescently stained using a vimentin antibody. Note the nucleus in the centre of the ... Fluorescence light micrograph of a neuroblastoma cell (brain cancer cell) showing neurofilaments (intermediate filament protein ... Note the nucleus in the centre of the surrounded by thin intermediate filaments. Magnification: x64 when shortest axis printed ...

https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/796938/view/neuroblastoma-intermediate-filament-protein-lm-fluorescence

Proteins immunologically related to intermediate filaments have been identified in the sperm fibrous sheath but remain ... We isolated and characterized a novel intermediate filament-related protein (FS39) localized to the fibrous sheath of the sperm ... a Testis Complementary DNA Encoding an Intermediate Filament-Related Protein of the Sperm Fibrous Sheath," Biology of ... a Testis Complementary DNA Encoding an Intermediate Filament-Related Protein of the Sperm Fibrous Sheath," Biology of ...

https://bioone.org/journals/Biology-of-Reproduction/volume-65/issue-1/biolreprod65.1.277/Developmental-Expression-and-Characterization-of-FS39-a-Testis-Complementary-DNA/10.1095/biolreprod65.1.277.short

... the mesenchymal intermediate filament protein.. Fischer S, Vandekerckhove J, Ampe C, Traub P, Weber K. ... Neutral thiol proteinases (calpains), activated by calcium are involved in the intracellular turnover of intermediate filaments ... which in current models of intermediate filament structure are thought to be non-helical: the amino-terminal headpiece, the ... Protein-chemical identification of the major cleavage sites of the Ca2+ proteinase on murine vimentin, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3028449?dopt=Abstract

Identification and developmental expression of a novel low molecular weight neuronal intermediate filament protein expressed in ... Identification and developmental expression of a novel low molecular weight neuronal intermediate filament protein expressed in ... Identification and developmental expression of a novel low molecular weight neuronal intermediate filament protein expressed in ... Identification and developmental expression of a novel low molecular weight neuronal intermediate filament protein expressed in ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/12/8/3010/tab-article-info

124 proteins in the intermediate filaments have multiple locations.. *63 proteins in the intermediate filaments show a cell to ... 1% (186 proteins) of all human proteins have been experimentally detected in the intermediate filaments by the Human Protein ... Intermediate filament proteins with multiple locations. Approximately 67% (n=124) of the intermediate filament proteome ... The structure of the intermediate filaments. Intermediate filaments are homologous across species, and known proteins are often ...

http://www.proteinatlas.org/humanproteome/cell/intermediate+filaments

Characterization of pinin, a novel protein associated with the desmosome-intermediate filament complex.. P Ouyang, S P Sugrue ... Characterization of pinin, a novel protein associated with the desmosome-intermediate filament complex. ... 118:1477-1488). We suggest that the function of pinin is to pin intermediate filaments to the desmosome. Therefore, pinin may ... Polyclonal antibodies directed against fusion proteins immunoidentified the 140-kD protein in tissue extracts. ...

http://jcb.rupress.org/content/135/4/1027

internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein, alpha. Synonyms: NF-66, NF66. Gene nomenclature, locus information, and GO, ... Vega: OTTMUSG16340 (Ina, "internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein, alpha")*CCDS: 17947.1, 38013*OMIM: INTERNEXIN, ...

https://www.komp.org/geneinfo.php?MGI_Number=96568

The association and interaction of plectin (Mr 300,000) with intermediate filaments and filament subunit proteins were studied ... and binding to immobilized intermediate filament proteins.. R Foisner, F E Leichtfried, H Herrmann, J V Small, D Lawson, G ... These results suggest that plectin is a cross-linker of vimentin filaments and possibly also of other intermediate filament ... and binding to immobilized intermediate filament proteins.. R Foisner, F E Leichtfried, H Herrmann, J V Small, D Lawson, G ...

http://jcb.rupress.org/content/106/3/723

The desmosomal plaque protein desmoplakin (DP), located at the juncture between the intermediate filament (IF) network and the ... Identification of an epithelial protein related to the desmosome and intermediate filament network. J Cell Biol. 1992 Sep;118(6 ... direct binding between keratin intermediate filaments and desmosomal proteins. J Cell Biol. 1994 Nov;127(4):1049-1060. [PMC ... displacement of the desmosomal plaque protein desmoplakin from cell-cell interfaces disrupts anchorage of intermediate filament ...

http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2120955/?lang=en-ca

Genes coding for intermediate filament proteins: common features and unexpected differences in the genomes of humans and the ... Genes coding for intermediate filament proteins: common features and unexpected differences in the genomes of humans and the ... Genes coding for intermediate filament proteins: common features and unexpected differences in the genomes of humans and the ... Genes coding for intermediate filament proteins: common features and unexpected differences in the genomes of humans and the ...

http://jcs.biologists.org/content/early/2003/04/15/jcs.00444

A microtubule-interacting protein involved in coalignment of vimentin intermediate filaments with microtubules ... A microtubule-interacting protein involved in coalignment of vimentin intermediate filaments with microtubules ... A microtubule-interacting protein involved in coalignment of vimentin intermediate filaments with microtubules ... A microtubule-interacting protein involved in coalignment of vimentin intermediate filaments with microtubules ...

https://jcs.biologists.org/content/106/4/1263

... related protein 4 binds25-hydroxycholesterol and interacts with vimentin intermediate filaments. Cheng WANG, Lellean JeBAILEY, ... Oxysterol-binding-protein (OSBP)-related protein 4 binds25-hydroxycholesterol and interacts with vimentin intermediate ... Oxysterol-binding-protein (OSBP)-related protein 4 binds25-hydroxycholesterol and interacts with vimentin intermediate ... Oxysterol-binding-protein (OSBP)-related protein 4 binds25-hydroxycholesterol and interacts with vimentin intermediate ...

http://www.biochemj.org/content/361/3/461

The coexpression of C and D in all epidermal cells and the obligatory heteropolymeric IF assembly of the recombinant proteins ... We discuss that type I to III IF proteins are expressed along the chordate branch of metazoa. ... Mutant proteins of Styela D and keratin 8 with a single cysteine in equivalent positions show that these chimeric IF are, like ... proteins (C and D) from the tunicate (urochordate) Styela are characterised as putative keratin orthologs. ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-epidermal-intermediate-filament-proteins-of-are-Wang-Karabinos/65c887ea391fb54f81c08f14571f1fd48e9ceeab

What is intermediate filament-associated protein? Meaning of intermediate filament-associated protein medical term. What does ... Looking for online definition of intermediate filament-associated protein in the Medical Dictionary? intermediate filament- ... Intermediate filament-associated protein , definition of intermediate filament-associated protein by Medical dictionary https ... redirected from intermediate filament-associated protein) TCHHL1. A gene on chromosome 1q21.3 that encodes an S100 family ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/intermediate+filament-associated+protein

S H Yen, K L Fields; Antibodies to neurofilament, glial filament, and fibroblast intermediate filament proteins bind to ... Antibodies to neurofilament, glial filament, and fibroblast intermediate filament proteins bind to different cell types of the ... filaments from human brain. Proteins of the filament preparation were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ... sections of the nervous system failed to react with antiserum to the 58,000-dalton protein of skin intermediate filaments. In ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/88/1/115/19371/Antibodies-to-neurofilament-glial-filament-and

All intermediate filament proteins were degraded by the proteinase, although with different rates and Ca2+ optima. These ... Efficient degradation in vitro of all intermediate filament subunit proteins by the Ca2+-activated neutral thiol proteinase ... Efficient degradation in vitro of all intermediate filament subunit proteins by the Ca2+-activated neutral thiol proteinase ... Efficient degradation in vitro of all intermediate filament subunit proteins by the Ca2+-activated neutral thiol proteinase ...

http://www.bioscirep.org/content/6/1/57

Tissue type-specific expression of intermediate filament proteins in a cultured epithelial cell line from bovine mammary gland ... E Schmid, DL Schiller, C Grund, J Stadler, WW Franke; Tissue type-specific expression of intermediate filament proteins in a ... and suggest that the presence of certain hormones may have an influence on the expression of intermediate filament proteins. ... The results show that (a) tissue-specific patterns of intermediate filament expression can be maintained in permanent ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/96/1/37/48278/Tissue-type-specific-expression-of-intermediate

... cells that form intermediate sized filaments in vertebrate cells. In indirect immunofluorescence, the group of cross reacting ... These antibodies reacted with the 46,000 and a 40,000 mol wt protein from Kc cells. Some antibodies showed cross-reaction with ... These cytoskeletal structures are heat-labile; the proteins in Kc or BHK cells rearrange after a brief heat shock, forming ... Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against a 46,000 mol wt major cytoplasmic protein from Drosophila melanogaster Kc cells. ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Two-Drosophila-melanogaster-proteins-related-to-in-Falkner-Saumweber/18f6d076c877d98f766c4356e407bf18eb0f19b0

Platelet intermediate filaments : Detection of a vimentinlike protein in human and bovine platelets. / Tablin, Fern; Taube, D. ... Tablin F, Taube D. Platelet intermediate filaments: Detection of a vimentinlike protein in human and bovine platelets. Cell ... Tablin, Fern ; Taube, D. / Platelet intermediate filaments : Detection of a vimentinlike protein in human and bovine platelets ... Tablin, F & Taube, D 1987, Platelet intermediate filaments: Detection of a vimentinlike protein in human and bovine platelets ...

https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/platelet-intermediate-filaments-detection-of-a-vimentinlike-prote

To examine whether overexpression of peripherin changed the protein level of other neuronal intermediate filaments, protein ... Portier MM, de Nechaud B, Gros F: Peripherin, a new member of the intermediate filament protein family. Dev Neurosci. 1983, 6: ... Chien CL, Liu TC, Ho CL, Lu KS: Overexpression of neuronal intermediate filament protein alpha-internexin in PC12 cells. J ... Helfand BT, Loomis P, Yoon M, Goldman RD: Rapid transport of neural intermediate filament protein. J Cell Sci. 2003, 116: 2345- ...

https://jbiomedsci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1423-0127-19-8

Association of syncollin and desmin: Linking intermediate filament proteins to the dystrophin-associated protein complex. ... Association of syncollin and desmin: Linking intermediate filament proteins to the dystrophin-associated protein complex. ... Association of syncollin and desmin: Linking intermediate filament proteins to the dystrophin-associated protein complex. ... BHF Intermediate Basic Science Research Fellowship awarded to Joaquim Miguel Vieira to promote the investigation of non-coding ...

https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/publications/106679

Vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament triplet proteins, and a mixture of cytokeratins were digested with Ca 2+ -activated neutral thiol proteinase isolated from Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells and porcine kidney. (bioscirep.org)
Association of syncollin and desmin: Linking intermediate filament proteins to the dystrophin-associated protein complex. (ox.ac.uk)
The protein links the dystrophin associated protein complex (DAPC) to desmin filaments in muscle and may have a structural role in striated muscle. (genecards.org)
May link the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DAPC) to intracellular desmin (DES) filaments. (genecards.org)
The intermediate filament-like protein syncoilin is a member of the dystrophin protein complex, and links the complex to the cytoskeleton through binding alpha-dystrobrevin and desmin in muscle. (ox.ac.uk)
Desmin intermediate filament by Nova link polymer detection system was used, according to kit instructions. (thefreedictionary.com)
Based on the similar protein structure and cellular localization of syncoilin and desmin, we proposed that these proteins interact in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
Intriguingly, whereas these proteins interact, COS-7 cell expression studies show that desmin and syncoilin do not assemble into heterofilaments. (ox.ac.uk)
However, it is possible that syncoilin is involved in the anchoring of the desmin intermediate filament network at the sarcolemma and the neuromuscular junction. (ox.ac.uk)
The intermediate filament proteins nestin, vimentin, and desmin show a specific temporal expression pattern during the development of myofibers from myogenic precursor cells. (abo.fi)
Paranemin was initially found to copurify with the intermediate filament (IF) proteins vimentin and desmin from embryonic chick skeletal muscle and was described as an IF-associated protein (IFAP). (uni-potsdam.de)
Desmin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DES gene . (wikipedia.org)
Desmin is a 53.5 kD protein composed of 470 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
[10] [11] There are three major domains to the desmin protein: a conserved alpha helix rod, a variable non alpha helix head, and a carboxy-terminal tail. (wikipedia.org)
[12] Desmin, as all intermediate filaments , shows no polarity when assembled. (wikipedia.org)
Desmin is only expressed in vertebrates, however homologous proteins are found in many organisms. (wikipedia.org)
[12] Desmin is a subunit of intermediate filaments in cardiac muscle , skeletal muscle and smooth muscle tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Desmin is one of the earliest protein markers for muscle tissue in embryogenesis as it is detected in the somites . (wikipedia.org)
A similar protein, vimentin , is present in higher amounts during embryogenesis while desmin is present in higher amounts after differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
[13] Since desmin is expressed at a low level during differentiation another protein may be able to compensate for desmin's function early in development but not later on. (wikipedia.org)
Desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy (DRM or desminopathy) is a subgroup of the myofibrillar myopathy diseases and is the result of a mutation in the gene that codes for desmin which prevents it from forming protein filaments , and rather, forms aggregates of desmin and other proteins throughout the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Desmin is an intermediate filament protein of both smooth and striated muscles. (thermofisher.com)
Monoclonal antibodies to desmin, the muscle‐specific intermediate filament protein. (mpg.de)

A strikingly intermediate filament (IF)-like cytoskeleton, composed of crescentin, is also present in Caulobacter crescentus and determines its specific cell shape. (nih.gov)
Cytoskeleton-associated plectin: in situ localization, in vitro reconstitution, and binding to immobilized intermediate filament proteins. (rupress.org)
An antiserum against the 58,000-dalton protein of the cytoskeleton of NIL-8 fibroblasts strongly stained sciatic nerve sections, binding to Schwann cells but not to axons or to myelin. (rupress.org)
Tablin, F & Taube, D 1987, ' Platelet intermediate filaments: Detection of a vimentinlike protein in human and bovine platelets ', Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton , vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 61-67. (elsevier.com)
Intermediate filaments (IF) [ PMID: 2183847 , PMID: 28101862 ] are proteins which are primordial components of the cytoskeleton and the nuclear envelope. (ebi.ac.uk)
Any of a group of protein filaments that are a component of the cytoskeleton in animal cells, are composed of a variety of proteins such as lamins and keratins, and provide structural support for the cytoplasm and nucleus. (thefreedictionary.com)
Intermediate filaments are intermediate in diameter between microfilaments and microtubules, the other components of the cytoskeleton. (thefreedictionary.com)
This interaction is likely to be important for maintaining muscle fiber integrity and may also link the dystrophin-associated protein complex to the cytoskeleton. (ox.ac.uk)
Studies suggest that this mutation may change the way the protein folds into a 3-dimensional shape, which could prevent it from interacting with molecules that make up the cytoskeleton. (medlineplus.gov)
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are resilient cytoskeleton components that provide structural support and mechanical protection. (els.net)
Intermediate filaments (IFs) constitute the resilient cytoskeleton that provides structural support and protects cells from external forces. (els.net)
Cytoskeletal filaments are, furthermore, coupled to both inner and outer nuclear membrane ( INM and ONM ) by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton ( LINC ) complex. (els.net)
These filaments, along with actin microfilaments and microtubules, compose the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. (fishersci.com)
The neuronal cytoskeleton, that is, microtubules, actin filaments and neurofilaments, plays a key role in defending the nervous system against oxidative stress-induced damage and is also a target for this damage itself. (mdpi.com)
The neuronal cytoskeleton consists of microtubules, actin filaments and neurofilaments (intermediate filament proteins). (mdpi.com)
Most eukaryotic cells contain a complex network of protein fibers called the cytoskeleton. (gsu.edu)

Experimental studies of three in silico predicted candidates from Mycobacterium and other actinomycetes revealed a common IF-like property to spontaneously assemble into filaments in vitro. (nih.gov)
A 57 kDa protein, that is not vimentin, is the major component of intermediate filaments (IF) obtained after 2 cycles of in vitro assembly from PC12 cells (Parysek and Goldman, 1987). (jneurosci.org)
Aberle H, Butz S, Stappert J, Weissig H, Kemler R, Hoschuetzky H. Assembly of the cadherin-catenin complex in vitro with recombinant proteins. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The protein was thermolabile and was located on 3T3 microtubules prepared by taxol-driven polymerization in vitro. (biologists.org)
In vivo and in vitro evidence that the four essential intermediate filament (IF) proteins A1, A2, A3 and B1 of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans form an obligate heteropolymeric IF system. (semanticscholar.org)
The single nuclear lamin of Caenorhabditis elegans forms in vitro stable intermediate filaments and paracrystals with a reduced axial periodicity. (semanticscholar.org)
Tissue-specific co-expression and in vitro heteropolymer formation of the two small branchiostoma intermediate filament proteins A3 and B2. (semanticscholar.org)
Cells of the BMGE+H line are characterized by an unusual epithelial morphology and represent the first example of a nonmalignant permanent cell line in vitro that produces cytokeratin but not vimentin filaments. (rupress.org)
Syncoilin protein was strongly upregulated during in vitro activation of HSCs and undetectable in hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. (ox.ac.uk)
During in vitro activation of mouse HSCs, syncoilin is able to form filamentous structures or at least to closely interact with existing cellular filaments. (ox.ac.uk)
Methods: cDNA cloning, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical analysis, and IF assembly experiments in vitro using recombinant Dif-1, were performed for protein characterization. (proteinpeptideletters.com)
In vitro IF assembly experiments using recombinant proteins showed that Djf-1 alone polymerizes into IFs. (proteinpeptideletters.com)
Purified filensin fails to form regular filaments in vitro (Merdes, A., M. Brunkener, H. Horstmann, and S. D. Georgatos. (elsevier.com)
Phosphopeptide maps of keratins phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro indicate that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase may be involved in regulating the serine-specific phosphorylation of both keratin 8 and keratin 18, while cAMP-dependent protein kinase does not seem to play a major role in this context. (abo.fi)
One plakin family member is plectin, a 500,000-MW protein that has been shown to cross-link intermediate filaments with micro-tubules and actin filaments in vitro. (alpfmedical.info)
The nonhelical tail domain is involved in promoting KRT5-KRT14 filaments to self-organize into large bundles and enhances the mechanical properties involved in resilience of keratin intermediate filaments in vitro. (genecards.org)

Microinjection experiments with purified MA-01 antibody followed by double immunofluorescence have shown that the injection of antibody led to disruption of vimentin filaments, whereas the distribution of cytoplasmic microtubules was unchanged. (biologists.org)
The data presented suggest that the MA-01 antigen is a new microtubule-interacting protein that mediates, directly or indirectly, an interaction between microtubules and vimentin intermediate filaments. (biologists.org)
In sharp contrast to the other major cytoskeletal systems, microfilaments and microtubules, IF exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity with regard to their protein subunit composition. (booktopia.com.au)
A physical linkage between intermediate filaments and microtubules can be detected with certain drugs. (alpfmedical.info)
EXPERIMENTAL FIGURE 19-35 Gold-labeled antibody allows visualization of plectin cross-links between intermediate filaments and microtubules. (alpfmedical.info)
Initially designated 'intermediate' because their average diameter (10 nm) is between those of narrower microfilaments (actin) and wider myosin filaments found in muscle cells, the diameter of intermediate filaments is now commonly compared to actin microfilaments (7 nm) and microtubules (25 nm). (wikipedia.org)
Illustration depicting a mammalian epithelial cell model, where the three key cytoskeletal filament systems, microfilaments ( MFs ), microtubules ( MTs ) and intermediate filaments ( IFs ), are connected to each other by plakin‐type linker molecules, such as plectin. (els.net)
Microtubules appear particularly susceptible to damage, with oxidative stress downregulating key microtubule-associated proteins [MAPs] and affecting tubulin through aberrant post-translational modifications. (mdpi.com)
The network consists of protein microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules . (gsu.edu)

Accordingly, plectin was found to bind to the glial fibrillar acidic protein, the three neurofilament polypeptides, and skin keratins. (rupress.org)
Keratins are a well known group of intermediate filament proteins. (ebi.ac.uk)
Like actin filaments, keratins are flexible but provide a firm cell skeleton. (ebi.ac.uk)
Type I keratins are a group of acidic intermediate filament proteins that exist as chains of hetero-dimers with basic type II keratins. (ebi.ac.uk)
This effect is followed by a dramatic reorganization of both the intermediate filament (keratins 8 and 18) and microfilament networks, resulting in a merged structure in which the intermediate filaments are organized around a condensed actin core. (abo.fi)
The keratins are intermediate filament proteins and are important for integrity and mechanical stability of epithelial cells with the largest number of keratin genes expressed in skin. (thefreedictionary.com)
Keratins are the intermediate filament proteins that form a dense meshwork of filaments throughout the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
Keratins are generally expressed in particular pairs of type I and type II keratin proteins in a tissue-specific and cellular differentiation-specific manner. (wikipedia.org)
Trichocyte keratins are similar in their gene and protein structure to keratins except that they are especially rich in the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine, which facilitates chemical cross-linking of the assembled hard keratins to form a more structurally resilient material. (wikipedia.org)
Structural analysis of a pair of keratins shows that the two proteins that form the coiled-coil bind by hydrophobic. (wikipedia.org)
Keratins are a class of structural proteins widely represented in biological structures, especially in epithelial tissues of higher vertebrates. (google.com)
Keratins are heteropolymeric structural proteins which form the intermediate filament. (fishersci.com)

For each tissue, adjacent sections treated with vimentin or glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody revealed labeling patterns distinct from that seen with either the 57 kDa or NFT antibodies. (jneurosci.org)
Antibodies to neurofilament, glial filament, and fibroblast intermediate filament proteins bind to different cell types of the nervous system. (rupress.org)
The GFAP gene provides instructions for making a protein called glial fibrillary acidic protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Several molecules of glial fibrillary acidic protein bind together to form the type of intermediate filament found in astroglial cells. (medlineplus.gov)
If brain or spinal cord cells are injured through trauma or disease, astroglial cells react by rapidly producing more glial fibrillary acidic protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Although its function is not fully understood, glial fibrillary acidic protein is probably involved in controlling the shape, movement, and function of astroglial cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Most of these mutations change one of the building blocks (amino acids) used to make glial fibrillary acidic protein. (medlineplus.gov)
All of these changes alter the structure of glial fibrillary acidic protein. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, the abnormal glial fibrillary acidic protein may accumulate in astroglial cells, contributing to the formation of Rosenthal fibers, which impair cell function. (medlineplus.gov)
The Alexander disease-causing glial fibrillary acidic protein mutant, R416W, accumulates into Rosenthal fibers by a pathway that involves filament aggregation and the association of alpha B-crystallin and HSP27. (medlineplus.gov)
The very rapid neurodegeneration of prion disease results in strong signals from surrogate protein markers in the blood that reflect neuronal, axonal, synaptic or glial pathology in the brain: notably the tau and neurofilament light chain proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Vimentin (Vim) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are important components of the intermediate filament (IF) (or nanofilament) system of astroglial cells. (gu.se)
Moreover, we found that Kir (inward rectifier K+) channel protein expression was reduced in the retinas of GFAP(-/-)Vim(-/-) mice and that Kir-mediated current amplitudes were lower in Muller glial cells isolated from these mice. (gu.se)
GFAP, a class-III intermediate filament, is a cell-specific marker that, during the development of the central nervous system, distinguishes astrocytes from other glial cells. (abcam.com)
Monoclonal antibodies specific for glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein and for each of the neurofilament triplet polypeptides. (mpg.de)

The cephalochordate Branchiostoma genome contains 26 intermediate filament (IF) genes: implications for evolution of chordate IF proteins. (semanticscholar.org)
The list of ALS-related genes is continuously growing, however, SOD1 , chromosome open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), TARDBP (transactive response DNA-binding protein) and FUS (fused in sarcoma) are the most well-studied, mainly because they account for the majority of both fALS and sALS cases ( Brown and Al-Chalabi, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, one can only marvel at the number of different IF polypeptides, their associated proteins (IFAP) and, consequently, the number of genes involved in encoding the multiple constituents of the various IF networks found in different cell types. (booktopia.com.au)
The chapters have been divided into five major sections which are concerned with the subcellular organization of IF, the molecular structure of IF, the differential expression of IF genes, descriptions of associ- ated proteins involved in the intracellular organization of IF, and finally an analysis of the changes seen in IF in pathological conditions. (booktopia.com.au)
Differential Expression of Intermediate Filament Genes. (booktopia.com.au)
13. Neural Intermediate Filament (Neurofilament) Genes. (booktopia.com.au)
14. The Structure, Complexity, and Evolution of Intermediate Filament Genes. (booktopia.com.au)
There are about 70 different human genes coding for various intermediate filament proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Generation of a biological association network evidenced several genes, such as connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (Timp1), galanin (Gal), synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1), growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (Grb2), actin gamma 2 (Actg2) and smooth muscle alpha actin (Acta2), as highly interconnected nodes of the resulting network. (biomedcentral.com)
Food components play a role in influencing, either directly or indirectly (through hormonal regulation), the expression of genes encoding for proteins involved in energy metabolism, cell differentiation and growth and immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)

Immunoblot analysis disclosed a marked overall increase of accumulated nestin protein. (abo.fi)
Nestin is a Class VI intermediate filament abundantly produced in the developing central nervous system (CNS) and in early embryonic neuroepithelial stem cells. (thermofisher.com)

We recently identified a novel protein called syncoilin, a putative intermediate filament protein that interacts with alpha-dystrobrevin, a member of the dystrophin-associated protein complex. (ox.ac.uk)
2016. Myoclonus dystonia and muscular dystrophy: ɛ-sarcoglycan is part of the dystrophin-associated protein complex in brain . (cardiff.ac.uk)

Solid-phase binding to proteolytically degraded vimentin fragments suggested that plectin interacts with the helical rod domain of vimentin, a highly conserved structural element of all intermediate filament proteins. (rupress.org)
Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) is the prototypical member of a class of phospholipid and oxysterol-binding proteins that interacts with the Golgi apparatus and regulates lipid and cholesterol metabolism. (biochemj.org)
In the lack of androgens, AR is normally localized mainly in the cytoplasm and continues to be within an inactive condition and interacts with high temperature surprise proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP56, and HSP27) [23,24], which stops it from getting into the nucleus [25C27]. (antibodyassay.com)
On the nuclear side the LINC complex interacts with transmembrane proteins of the INM and the nuclear lamina, which may in turn respond by directly or indirectly change chromatin organization and gene activity and or sequester transcription factors. (su.se)

Immunoblotting of expressed recombinant proteins with the monoclonal 08L antibody localized the 08L epitope to the carboxyl end of the protein. (rupress.org)
The coexpression of C and D in all epidermal cells and the obligatory heteropolymeric IF assembly of the recombinant proteins argue for keratin orthologs, but the sequences do not directly reveal which protein behaves as a keratin I or II ortholog. (semanticscholar.org)
We cloned five cytoplasmic intermediate filament (IF) cDNAs and made specific antibodies to the recombinant proteins. (mpg.de)

Polyclonal antibodies directed against fusion proteins immunoidentified the 140-kD protein in tissue extracts. (rupress.org)
Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against a 46,000 mol wt major cytoplasmic protein from Drosophila melanogaster Kc cells. (semanticscholar.org)
These antibodies reacted with the 46,000 and a 40,000 mol wt protein from Kc cells. (semanticscholar.org)
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: By use of antibodies specific to peripherin and NF- 66/α-internexin, we detected these proteins on Western blots of NB tissue extracts and in paraffin sections of NBs. (elsevier.com)
RESULTS: Western blotting indicated that NB tumor extracts contained immunoreactive proteins that co-migrated with rat peripherin and human NF-66/α-internexin from normal tissues, thus establishing the specificity of the antibodies for these proteins in tumors. (elsevier.com)
The structure and development of the rat retina: An immunofluorescence microscopical study using antibodies specific for intermediate filament proteins. (mpg.de)
Conventional and monoclonal antibodies to intermediate filament proteins in human tumor diagnosis. (mpg.de)

GFAP is a 51-kDa intermediate filament protein found in the astrocytes, neuroglia end-feet and processes. (thefreedictionary.com)
200-210 kD polypeptides, of nerves and human brain, not cytokeratins, GFAP or any other cytoskeletal proteins or intermediate filaments. (alzforum.org)

abstract = "The importance of protein phosphatases in the maintenance of cytoskeletal structure is supported by the serious liver injury caused by microcystin-LR, a hepatotoxic inhibitor of type-1 and type-2A serine/threonine protein phosphatases. (abo.fi)

SUMO regulates the assembly and function of a cytoplasmic intermediate filament protein in C. elegans. (nih.gov)
One such target is the cytoplasmic intermediate filament (cIF) protein named IFB-1, which is expressed in hemidesmosome-like structures in the worm epidermis and is essential for embryonic elongation and maintenance of muscle attachment to the cuticle. (nih.gov)
Two novel cytoplasmic intermediate filament (IF) proteins (C and D) from the tunicate (urochordate) Styela are characterised as putative keratin orthologs. (semanticscholar.org)
Cytoplasmic intermediate filament protein expression in tunicate development: a specific marker for the test cells. (semanticscholar.org)

Neutral thiol proteinases (calpains), activated by calcium are involved in the intracellular turnover of intermediate filaments but the precise position of the cleavage points has remained unknown. (nih.gov)
Cells overexpressing ORP4-S had a 40% reduction in the esterification of low-density-lipoprotein-derived cholesterol, demonstrating that ORP4 interaction with intermediate filaments inhibits an intracellular cholesterol-transport pathway mediated by vimentin. (biochemj.org)

Fluorescence light micrograph of a neuroblastoma cell (brain cancer cell) showing neurofilaments (intermediate filament protein) fluorescently stained using a vimentin antibody. (sciencephoto.com)
Neurofilaments are phosphorylated under oxidative stress, leading to the formation of protein aggregates reminiscent of those seen in neurodegenerative diseases. (mdpi.com)
Neurofilaments, a subclass of intermediate filaments: Structure and expression. (mpg.de)

Immunofluorescence analysis, using the antifusion protein antibody, demonstrated pinin at lateral epithelial boundaries, which is consistent with desmosomal localization. (rupress.org)
Microinjection of the antibody into cells pre-treated with vinblastine resulted in localization of the MA-01 antigen on vinblastine paracrystals as well as on coiled vimentin filaments. (biologists.org)
Immunofluorescence localization in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells showed that ORP4-S co-localized with vimentin and caused the intermediate filament network to bundle or aggregate. (biochemj.org)

Filaments 7-11 nm in diameter found in the cytoplasm of all cells. (ouhsc.edu)
The outside surface of the envelope is directly connected to the endoplasmic reticulum of the cytoplasm and is surrounded by a network of cytoplasmic intermediate filaments. (encyclopedia.com)

Anti-49,000-dalton serum did not react with the triplet proteins but precipitated the 49,000-dalton protein. (rupress.org)
Neurofilament architecture combines structural principles of intermediate filaments with carboxy‐terminal extensions increasing in size between triplet proteins. (mpg.de)

Nuclear proteins in Drosophila melanogaster cells after heat shock and their binding to homologous DNA. (semanticscholar.org)
The IF rod domain is approximately 310 residues long in all cytoplasmic IF proteins and close to 350 residues in the nuclear ones. (ebi.ac.uk)
5. The Nuclear Lamina: An Intermediate Filament Protein Structure of the Cell Nucleus. (booktopia.com.au)
Alteration of nuclear matrix-intermediate filament system and differential expression of nuclear matrix proteins during human hepatocarcinoma cell differentiation. (xmu.edu.cn)
Nuclear matrix proteins were selectively extracted and subjected to subcellular proteomics study. (xmu.edu.cn)
Spots of differentially expressed nuclear matrix proteins were excised and subjected to in situ digestion with trypsin. (xmu.edu.cn)
RESULTS: The nuclear matrix (NM) and intermediate filament (IF) in SMMC-7721 hepatocarcinoma cells were found relatively sparse and arranged irregularly. (xmu.edu.cn)
The nuclear lamina was non-uniform, and two kinds of filaments were not tightly connected. (xmu.edu.cn)
CONCLUSION: The induced differentiation of SMMC-7721 cells by HMBA is accompanied by the configurational changes of nuclear matrix-intermediate filament (NM-IF) system and the compositional changes of nuclear matrix protein expression. (xmu.edu.cn)
Nuclear lamins are composed of tetrameric filaments of ∼3.5‐nm diameter. (els.net)
Nesprin‐3, nuclear envelope spectrin repeat protein 3 and Sun, Sad1 and UNC‐84. (els.net)
Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide in late G2 phase has no apparent affect on nuclear assembly in telophase indicating that no new protein synthesis is required for reassembly of the nuclear envelope. (scribd.com)
On the inner side of the nuclear envelope, nuclear IF proteins, lamins, are depicted as being concentrated in the lamina and also distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. (els.net)
Lamins interact with INM proteins, such as emerin and nesprin, nuclear pore complex ( NPC ), various nucleoplasmic factors, such as LAP2, as well as chromatin. (els.net)
Lamins interact with cytoskeletal IFs , which in turn associate with nuclear membrane proteins, thereby providing a mechanical continuum reaching from the ECM to chromatin. (els.net)
Each chromosome is specifically anchored through its telomeres to a discrete place on the nuclear envelope by the proteins of the nuclear lamina. (encyclopedia.com)
In addition, a whole new concept in cell signaling bypassing the nuclear pores is provided by the recently discovered LINC complexes (Fig.1), which are built up by specific proteins in the inner and outer nuclear membranes. (su.se)
Nuclear lamins and proteins of the INM have been genetically linked to a diverse group of diseases collectively termed "laminopathies", which include muscular and lipid dystrophies, neurological disorders and progeria (premature aging). (su.se)
Signals from the cell surface may reach the nuclear interior via import of signaling proteins through the nuclear pores (Arabi et al. (su.se)

Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the expressed pinin protein was assembled to the lateral boundaries of the cells in contact, which is consistent with the staining pattern of pinin in epithelial cells. (rupress.org)
implications for the subdivision of intermediate filaments into epithelial and non‐epithelial members. (mpg.de)

A protein of M(r) 210,000 was identified in 3T3 cells by immunoblotting and by immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal antibody MA-01. (biologists.org)
The collapse of vimentin filaments started 30 minutes after injecting the antibody at immunoglobulin concentrations 2 mg ml-1 or higher and reached its maximum 3-6 hours after the injection. (biologists.org)
A monoclonal antibody was generated, against early neural crest-derived cells, which recognizes an epitope present on a novel intermediate filament-associated protein. (elsevier.com)
CONCLUSIONS: The specificity of the peripherin labeling of NB and the ability of the peripherin antibody to label the entire spectrum of NBs, including ganglioneuroblastomas and ganglioneuromas, indicate that this intermediate filament protein has potential as a diagnostic marker for these related neural crest neoplasms. (elsevier.com)

Intermediate filament (IF) proteins show specific spatial and temporal expression during development of skeletal muscle. (abo.fi)

Note the nucleus in the centre of the surrounded by thin intermediate filaments. (sciencephoto.com)
Interaction of Drosophila 27,000 Mr heat-shock protein with the nucleus of heat-shocked and ecdysone-stimulated culture cells. (semanticscholar.org)
Although vimentin filaments in colchicine-treated cells remain intact, they clump into disorganized bundles near the nucleus. (alpfmedical.info)
Although the interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound subcompartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of subnuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. (wikibooks.org)
The NPCs are responsible for import and export of proteins and RNA molecules in and out of the nucleus. (su.se)

Protein-chemical identification of the major cleavage sites of the Ca2+ proteinase on murine vimentin, the mesenchymal intermediate filament protein. (nih.gov)
Amino acid sequence characterization of mammalian vimentin, the mesenchymal intermediate filament protein. (mpg.de)

The association and interaction of plectin (Mr 300,000) with intermediate filaments and filament subunit proteins were studied. (rupress.org)

Immunoelectron microscopy of whole mount cytoskeletons from various cultured cell lines (rat glioma C6, mouse BALB/c 3T3, and Chinese hamster ovary) and quick-frozen, deep-etched replicas of Triton X-100-extracted rat embryo fibroblast cells revealed that plectin was primarily located at junction sites and branching points of intermediate filaments. (rupress.org)
the binding of plectin structures on the surface of filaments and cross-link formation occurred without apparent periodicity. (rupress.org)
As revealed by the rotary-shadowing technique, filament-bound plectin structures were oligomeric and predominantly consisted of a central globular core region of 30-50 nm with extending filaments or filamentous loops. (rupress.org)
These results suggest that plectin is a cross-linker of vimentin filaments and possibly also of other intermediate filament types. (rupress.org)
Distribution of plectin, an intermediate filament-associated protein , in the adult rat central nervous system. (thefreedictionary.com)
Immunolocalization of the intermediate filament-associated protein plectin at focal contacts and actin stress fibers. (thefreedictionary.com)
The N-terminus of plectin and other plakins contains a calponin-homology (CH) domain similar to that in fimbrin and other actin cross-linking proteins. (alpfmedical.info)
The PLEC gene provides instructions for making a protein called plectin. (medlineplus.gov)
Plectin attaches (cross-links) intermediate filaments to one another and to the cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
The mutation responsible for the Ogna type of epidermolysis bullosa simplex changes a single protein building block (amino acid) in the plectin protein. (medlineplus.gov)

This finding suggests that some plakins form cross-links between actin microfilaments and intermediate filaments. (alpfmedical.info)

p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence. (uniprot.org)
section indicates the name(s) of the gene(s) that code for the protein sequence(s) described in the entry. (uniprot.org)
A gene on chromosome 1q21.3 that encodes an S100 family protein of unknown function. (thefreedictionary.com)
This gene encodes a member of the intermediate filament family which contains an N-terminal head domain, followed by a central coiled-coil region and a short C-terminal tail. (genecards.org)
SYNC (Syncoilin, Intermediate Filament Protein) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
Tagging of gene items with fluorescent proteins has revolutionized all parts of biosciences, starting from primary biochemistry to medical oncology, to environmental examine. (gilltimbers.com)
Neurofilament light polypeptide ( NFL ), also known as neurofilament light chain , is a neurofilament protein that in humans is encoded by the NEFL gene . (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a member of the keratin family, the most diverse group of intermediate filaments. (genecards.org)
KRT14 (Keratin 14) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include structural molecule activity and keratin filament binding . (genecards.org)
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a therapeutically promising tumor suppressor protein encoded in humans by the PAWR gene. (nature.com)
It coordinates the cell's activities, which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis and cell division by regulating gene expression. (scribd.com)
However, recent research has rapidly expanded the knowledge of the functions of IF proteins, and the view of this complex gene family is progressively changing, as a multitude of diseases have been revealed to be associated with IF mutations. (els.net)
AR is certainly a 919-amino-acid proteins encoded from a ~180 kb gene that's located at chromosome Xq11-12. (antibodyassay.com)
This gene encodes a member of the type I (acidic) keratin family, which belongs to the superfamily of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. (fishersci.com)

Two ORP4 cDNAs were identified: a full-length ORP4 containing a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and an oxysterol-binding region (designated ORP4-L), and a splice variant in which the PH domain and part of the oxysterol-binding domain were deleted (designated ORP4-S). ORP4 mRNA and protein expression overlapped partially with OSBP and were restricted to brain, heart, muscle and kidney. (biochemj.org)
In muscle, syncoilin was identified as an alpha-dystrobrevin binding protein with sequence homology to IF proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
Confirming and extending previous studies in Styela, we found that Ciona protein IF-A is expressed in muscle and forms homopolymeric filaments while proteins IF-C and IF-D, which form only obligatory heteropolymeric filaments, resemble a keratin pair exclusively found in the entire epidermis. (mpg.de)
Protein IF-A is expressed in muscle from larval stages, whereas proteins IF-C and IF-D are found only in the tail epidermis. (mpg.de)
The protein is highly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. (genecards.org)
Intermediate filament-like protein syncoilin in normal and myopathic striated muscle. (ox.ac.uk)
2. Intermediate (10-nm) Filaments in Muscle. (booktopia.com.au)
As a accomplished advisor to this quickly growing to be quarter of analysis, it covers the constitution and attribute homes of contractile and regulatory proteins, with certain emphasis on their estimated functionality within the stay muscle. (gilltimbers.com)
The dysfunction or absence of syncoilin may result in the disruption of the intermediate filament network leading to muscle necrosis. (ox.ac.uk)
This protein is produced in many different tissues in the body, including skin and muscle. (medlineplus.gov)

BMGE+H cells do not produce vimentin filaments as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and gel electrophoresis. (rupress.org)
A stable clone established from PC12 cells overexpressing a GFP-Peripherin fusion protein (pEGFP-Peripherin) was constructed for determining the pathway involved in neurodegeneration by biochemical, cell biology, and electronic microscopy approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
Self-assembly studies and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to study these proteins and their distribution. (mpg.de)

In such cells, a 70-kD DP NH2- terminal polypeptide (DP-NTP) colocalized at cell-cell interfaces with desmosomal proteins. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Cells in the cultures and tissue sections of the nervous system failed to react with antiserum to the 58,000-dalton protein of skin intermediate filaments. (rupress.org)
In these studies, astrocytes in vivo and in culture were the only cells which had antigens related to two classes of intermediate filaments. (rupress.org)
By contrast, BMGE-H cells, which have emerged from the same original culture but have been grown without hormones added, are not only morphologically different, but also contain vimentin filaments and a different set of cytokeratins, the most striking difference being the absence of the two acidic cytokeratins of mol wt 50,000 and 45,500. (rupress.org)
Heat-shock and cadmium chloride increase the vimentin mRNA and protein levels in U-937 human promonocytic cells. (semanticscholar.org)
The spatial distribution of polyribosomes in 3T3 cells and the associated assembly of proteins into the skeletal framework. (semanticscholar.org)
Widespread occurrence of intermediate-sized filaments of the vimentin-type in cultured cells from diverse vertebrates. (semanticscholar.org)
Isolation and preliminary characterization of 10-nm filaments from baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. (semanticscholar.org)
Syncoilin is an intermediate filament protein in activated hepatic stellate cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Background: Intermediate Filaments (IFs) are major constituents of the cytoskeletal systems in animal cells. (proteinpeptideletters.com)
Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Djf-1 protein forms cytoplasmic IFs located close to the microvilli of the cells. (proteinpeptideletters.com)
Protein IF-F is detected abundantly in the test cells of eggs, embryos and premetamorphic larvae. (mpg.de)
This protein has been named NAPA-73 and is expressed by progenitor cells of the nervous system and heart. (elsevier.com)
The cDNA coding for calf filensin, a membrane-associated protein of the lens fiber cells, has been cloned and sequenced. (elsevier.com)
Intermediate filaments form networks that provide support and strength to cells. (medlineplus.gov)
This wide expression and distribution of vimentin, an intermediate filament that can sustain extremely large cellular deformations, will provide stability to the HNS cells submitted to regular morphological adaptations caused by a seasonal severe arid biotope. (thefreedictionary.com)
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal structural components found in the cells of vertebrates, and many invertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
In skin cells, this protein is an essential part of structures called hemidesmosomes, which attach the network of intermediate filaments to the cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
Intermediate filaments integrate cell fate control with mechanosensing and three‐dimensional arrangement of cells and tissues. (els.net)
The transmembrane proteins that mediate the contact with the neighbouring cells and with ECM are cadherins and integrins, respectively. (els.net)

Taken together, our results show that the interactions between keratin intermediate filaments and desmosomes as well as the assembly states of their main constituent proteins, are directly regulated by serine/threonine kinase/phosphatase equilibria. (abo.fi)

Furthermore, fractionation assay and immunofluorescence study of H2K myoblasts and myotubes suggest that, unlike typical intermediate filament proteins, syncoilin does not participate in filament formation with any protein. (ox.ac.uk)

Intermediate Filament Proteins , the latest volume in the Methods in Enzymology series covers all the intermediate filaments in vertebrates and invertebrates, providing a unique understanding of the multiple different tissue-specific intermediate filaments. (ebooks.com)
Intermediate Filament linked Proteins , the newest quantity within the Methods in Enzymology sequence, keeps the legacy of this ultimate serial with caliber chapters authored through leaders within the box. (gilltimbers.com)

6. Interaction of Intermediate Filaments with the Cell Surface. (booktopia.com.au)
[12] The tail domain is responsible for the integration of filaments and interaction with proteins and organelles. (wikipedia.org)

The head domain contains a di-arginine/aromatic amino acid motif which is also found in the head domains of various intermediate filament proteins and includes a potential protein kinase A phosphorylation site. (elsevier.com)

Ciment, G 1990, ' Precocious expression of NAPA-73, an intermediate filament-associated protein, during nervous system and heart development in the chicken embryo ', Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol. 588, pp. 225-235. (elsevier.com)
Peripherin, a triton-insoluble protein, is 57-kDa type III neuronal intermediate filament (nIF), particularly expressed in peripheral nervous system. (thefreedictionary.com)
BACKGROUND: Peripherin and neurofilament (NF)-66/α-internexin are recently characterized, neuron-specific intermediate filament proteins that are expressed in the developing peripheral nervous system. (elsevier.com)
Oxidative stress is a key mechanism causing protein aggregation, cell death and neurodegeneration in the nervous system. (mdpi.com)

We are now coming to understand that these common elements point to IFs as important cellular stress proteins with some roles akin to those already well-characterized for HSPs. (nih.gov)
In this report, we review data that corroborate the view that IFs function as highly specialized cytoskeletal stress proteins that promote cellular organization and homeostasis. (nih.gov)
Cellular and Molecular Biology of Intermediate Filaments by Robert D. Goldman, 9780306433177. (booktopia.com.au)
We used the microcystin-LR-induced cell injury as a model to study the roles of protein dephosphorylation in maintaining cytoskeletal structure and cellular interactions in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. (abo.fi)
IFs differentially regulate cell locomotion, depending on the particular IF protein, the cell type, the cellular context and the mode of cell migration. (els.net)
Intermediate filaments are important cellular stress proteins that help in maintaining the cellular organisation and homoeostasis on injury. (els.net)
Individual or multiple mutations of an intermediate filament (IF) molecule can affect different biophysical properties of the filaments (purple boxes), which in turn can interfere with distinct cellular activities (green boxes). (els.net)
We are focusing on investigating the function(s) of specific networks of interactions between proteins in the NE and their role in cellular signaling and chromatin organization. (su.se)

As a result of recent sequencing efforts, eleven other OSBP-related proteins (ORPs) have been identified in humans. (biochemj.org)

By use of an antiserum to the 57 kDa protein, a cross-reacting antigen (of identical molecular weight) was detected on immunoblots of IF preparations and by immunofluorescence of various rat tissues. (jneurosci.org)

They also support previous findings on the evolutionary relationships of different IF proteins. (mpg.de)
While IF proteins are evolutionary and structurally related, they have limited sequence homologies except in several regions of the rod domain. (ebi.ac.uk)
The data presented show that cellulose affinity is a novel function of certain coiled-coil domains of IF and IF-like proteins from evolutionary diverse species. (scilifelab.se)
Intermediate filaments (IFs) represent a diverse group of evolutionary conserved cytoskeletal structures, with context‐, tissue‐ and cell type‐dependent expression patterns and properties. (els.net)
Evolutionary aspects of intermediate filament proteins. (mpg.de)

We isolated and characterized a novel intermediate filament-related protein (FS39) localized to the fibrous sheath of the sperm tail. (bioone.org)

The heterogeneous population of filaments, including highly branched utrathin filaments could also be seen in the regular meshwork. (xmu.edu.cn)

In the absence of SUMO, IFB-1 formed ectopic filaments and protein aggregates in the lateral epidermis. (nih.gov)
F) early L4, circular filaments in the lateral epidermis (short arrow) (G) mid L4, long filamentous (long arrow) and circular structures (short arrow). (nih.gov)
Most cases are due to dominantly acting mutations in either keratin 14 (K14) or K5, the type I and II intermediate filament (IF) proteins tasked with forming a pancytoplasmic network of 10-nm filaments in basal keratinocytes of the epidermis and in other stratified epithelia. (jci.org)
Introduction to the epidermis, keratin filaments, and EB simplex. (jci.org)

Similarly, messenger RNAs (mRNA) are synthesized, packaged, and subsequently transported to the cytoplasmic ribosomes, where they are translated into protein. (encyclopedia.com)
Among them, lamin-A/C isoform 3 and PARP-1 were further confirmed using mRNA and protein expression study. (hindawi.com)

Objective: To gain insights into the structure-function relationship of invertebrate cytoplasmic IF proteins, we characterized an IF protein from the platyhelminth, Dugesia japonica, termed Dif-1. (proteinpeptideletters.com)
Homologues of the IF protein have been noted in an invertebrate, the cephalochordate Branchiostoma. (wikipedia.org)

Cytoplasmic IFs assemble into non-polar unit-length filaments (ULFs). (wikipedia.org)
Identical ULFs associate laterally into staggered, antiparallel, soluble tetramers, which associate head-to-tail into protofilaments that pair up laterally into protofibrils, four of which wind together into an intermediate filament. (wikipedia.org)
ULFs anneal longitudinally to form nonpolar filaments, which then undergo radial compaction to form mature cytoplasmic IFs of ∼10‐nm diameter. (els.net)
e) ULFs and short filaments longitudinally assemble and elongate through end‐to‐end annealing. (els.net)

The keratin material is preferably S-sulfonated and enriched in intermediate filament proteins of high molecular weight. (google.com)

Furthermore, the IF-like protein FilP formed cytoskeletal structures in the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor and was needed for normal growth and morphogenesis. (nih.gov)
Intermediate filament-associated proteins (IFAPs) cross-link intermediate filaments with one another, forming a bundle or a network, and with other cell structures, including the plasma membrane. (alpfmedical.info)
Intermediate filaments are flexible cytoskeletal and nucleoskeletal structures that assemble hierarchically. (els.net)

Our results further show that, during culturing, different cell clones with different cytoskeletal composition can emerge from the same cell population and suggest that the presence of certain hormones may have an influence on the expression of intermediate filament proteins. (rupress.org)
This shift in phenotype is accompanied by a change in expression of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. (ox.ac.uk)

Animal IFs are subcategorized into six types based on similarities in amino acid sequence and protein structure: These proteins are the most diverse among IFs and constitute type I (acidic) and type II (basic) IF proteins. (wikipedia.org)

IFs are also coupled to IF‐anchoring plaques of cell-cell junctions (desmosomes) and to cell-matrix junctions (hemidesmosomes) by these plakin‐type protein complexes. (els.net)

7. Primary and Secondary Structure of IF Protein Chains and Modes of Molecular Aggregation. (booktopia.com.au)

I. The Subcellular Organization of Intermediate Filaments. (booktopia.com.au)
Accessory Proteins Involved in Regulating the Organization of Intermediate Filaments. (booktopia.com.au)
17. Expression, Organization, and Involvement of Intermediate Filaments in Disease Processes. (booktopia.com.au)
Only a few IFAPs have been identified to date, but many more will undoubtedly be discovered as researchers focus attention on the proteins that control IF organization and assembly. (alpfmedical.info)
This finding demonstrates that the organization of vimentin filaments is dependent on intact micro-tubules and suggests the presence of proteins linking the two types of filaments. (alpfmedical.info)
As a result of these discoveries it has now been realized that proteins of the NE orchestrate a much larger repertoire of functions than previously realized, both in cell signaling, chromatin organization and in the mitotic machinery. (su.se)

Intermediate filament (IF) proteins and heat shock proteins (HSPs) are large multimember families that share several features, including protein abundance, significant upregulation in response to a variety of stresses, cytoprotective functions, and the phenocopying of several human diseases after IF protein or HSP mutation. (nih.gov)
Antisera were raised to the 210,000-dalton and the 49,000-dalton proteins of a fraction enriched in intermediate (10 nm) filaments from human brain. (rupress.org)
The structure of proteins that form intermediate filaments (IF) was first predicted by computerized analysis of the amino acid sequence of a human epidermal keratin derived from cloned cDNAs. (wikipedia.org)
Human Par-4 is a ≈40 kDa protein containing 340 amino acids 25 . (nature.com)
Human diseases such as cancer have been tied to proteins of the NPC. (su.se)

Intermediate filaments: structure, assembly and molecular interactions. (ebi.ac.uk)
The head domain 84 amino acids with many arginine, serine, and aromatic residues is important in filament assembly and dimer-dimer interactions. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy34

Organisms9

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes26

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Molecular chaperones: small heat shock proteins in the limelight. (1/2086)

Specific and innervation-regulated expression of the intermediate filament protein nestin at neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions in skeletal muscle. (2/2086)

Plectin is a linker of intermediate filaments to Z-discs in skeletal muscle fibers. (3/2086)

Distinct neural stem cells proliferate in response to EGF and FGF in the developing mouse telencephalon. (4/2086)

Molecular genetic study of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa in Lithuanian patients. (5/2086)

The beta4 integrin interactor p27(BBP/eIF6) is an essential nuclear matrix protein involved in 60S ribosomal subunit assembly. (6/2086)

A high molecular weight intermediate filament-associated protein in BHK-21 cells is nestin, a type VI intermediate filament protein. Limited co-assembly in vitro to form heteropolymers with type III vimentin and type IV alpha-internexin. (7/2086)

Plectin is concentrated at intercellular junctions and at the nuclear surface in morphologically differentiated rat Sertoli cells. (8/2086)

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Intermediate Filament Proteins

Intermediate Filaments

Vimentin

Desmin

Keratins

Peripherins

Nestin

Keratin-8

Lamins

Cytoskeleton

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

Keratin-17

Neurofilament Proteins

Lamin Type A

Lamin Type B

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Keratin-18

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Actins

Nuclear Lamina

Plectin

Microscopy, Electron

Actin Cytoskeleton

Alexander Disease

Lens, Crystalline

Muscle Proteins

Base Sequence

Molecular Weight

Cell Line

Protein Binding

Cytoskeletal Proteins

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Cells, Cultured

Astrocytes

Immunohistochemistry

Ependyma

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Helix (Snails)

Nuclear Envelope

Epithelioid Cells

Chickens

Desmosomes

Immunologic Techniques

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Tropomyosin

Phosphorylation

Muscles

Cytoplasm

Eye Proteins

Isoelectric Point

Mutation

Epidermis

Nuclear Matrix

Cloning, Molecular

RNA, Messenger

Blotting, Western

Desmoplakins

Cell Differentiation

Epithelium

Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor

Immunoblotting

Cell Nucleus

Microfilament Proteins

Transfection

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Muscular Diseases

Carrier Proteins

Myosins

DNA

Neuroglia

Microtubules

Nuclear Proteins

Cattle

Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Sarcomeres

Macromolecular Substances

Kinetics