Interleukins. Medical search

Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli.

A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES and is also a growth factor for HYBRIDOMAS and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and FIBROBLASTS.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.

A soluble factor produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that induces the expression of MHC CLASS II GENES and FC RECEPTORS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and causes their proliferation and differentiation. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, MAST CELLS, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells.

A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes.

A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.

A cytokine produced by a variety of cell types, including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; DENDRITIC CELLS; and EPITHELIAL CELLS that exerts a variety of effects on immunoregulation and INFLAMMATION. Interleukin-10 combines with itself to form a homodimeric molecule that is the biologically active form of the protein.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

A cytokine that promotes differentiation and activation of EOSINOPHILS. It also triggers activated B-LYMPHOCYTES to differentiate into IMMUNOGLOBULIN-secreting cells.

The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Cell surface proteins that bind interleukins and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A cytokine produced by bone marrow stromal cells that promotes the growth of B-LYMPHOCYTE precursors and is co-mitogenic with INTERLEUKIN-2 for mature T-LYMPHOCYTE activation.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T-LYMPHOCYTES and shares biological activities with IL-2. IL-15 also can induce proliferation and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES.

Cell surface receptors that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-5. They are heterodimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-5 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT and the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT. Signaling from interleukin-5 receptors can occur through interaction of their cytoplasmic domains with SYNTENINS.

A cytokine synthesized by T-LYMPHOCYTES that produces proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switching, and immunoglobulin production by immature B-LYMPHOCYTES. It appears to play a role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by LYMPHOCYTES; EPITHELIAL CELLS; and ASTROCYTES which stimulates clonal proliferation and differentiation of various types of blood and tissue cells.

A lymphohematopoietic cytokine that plays a role in regulating the proliferation of ERYTHROID PRECURSOR CELLS. It induces maturation of MEGAKARYOCYTES which results in increased production of BLOOD PLATELETS. Interleukin-11 was also initially described as an inhibitor of ADIPOGENESIS of cultured preadipocytes.

Mucoproteins isolated from the kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); some of them are mitogenic to lymphocytes, others agglutinate all or certain types of erythrocytes or lymphocytes. They are used mainly in the study of immune mechanisms and in cell culture.

An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-12 is a 70 kDa protein that is composed of covalently linked 40 kDa and 35 kDa subunits. It is produced by DENDRITIC CELLS; MACROPHAGES and a variety of other immune cells and plays a role in the stimulation of INTERFERON-GAMMA production by T-LYMPHOCYTES and NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those involved in cellular immunity.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A cytokine which resembles IL-1 structurally and IL-12 functionally. It enhances the cytotoxic activity of NK CELLS and CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES, and appears to play a role both as neuroimmunomodulator and in the induction of mucosal immunity.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

An acidic glycoprotein of MW 23 kDa with internal disulfide bonds. The protein is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the hemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from fetal liver progenitor cells. GM-CSF can also stimulate some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Receptors present on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and B-LYMPHOCYTES that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-2 and play an important role in LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION. They are heterotrimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT, the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR BETA SUBUNIT, and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes that cooperate with other lymphocytes (either T or B) to initiate a variety of immune functions. For example, helper-inducer T-cells cooperate with B-cells to produce antibodies to thymus-dependent antigens and with other subpopulations of T-cells to initiate a variety of cell-mediated immune functions.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.

Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Reciprocal control of T helper cell and dendritic cell differentiation. (1/3668)

It is not known whether subsets of dendritic cells provide different cytokine microenvironments that determine the differentiation of either type-1 T helper (TH1) or TH2 cells. Human monocyte (pDC1)-derived dendritic cells (DC1) were found to induce TH1 differentiation, whereas dendritic cells (DC2) derived from CD4+CD3-CD11c- plasmacytoid cells (pDC2) induced TH2 differentiation by use of a mechanism unaffected by interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-12. The TH2 cytokine IL-4 enhanced DC1 maturation and killed pDC2, an effect potentiated by IL-10 but blocked by CD40 ligand and interferon-gamma. Thus, a negative feedback loop from the mature T helper cells may selectively inhibit prolonged TH1 or TH2 responses by regulating survival of the appropriate dendritic cell subset. (+info)

Interaction of lipopolysaccharide with human small intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts favors neutrophil migration and peripheral blood mononuclear cell adhesion by the production of proinflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. (2/3668)

Fibroblasts are important effector cells having a potential role in augmenting the inflammatory responses in various diseases. In infantile diarrhea caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), the mechanism of inflammatory reactions at the mucosal site remains unknown. Although the potential involvement of fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of cryptococcus-induced diarrhea in pigs has been suggested, the precise role of lamina propria fibroblasts in the cellular pathogenesis of intestinal infection and inflammation caused by EPEC requires elucidation. Earlier we reported the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell proliferation, and collagen synthesis and downregulation of nitric oxide in lamina propria fibroblasts. In this report, we present the profile of cytokines and adhesion molecules in the cultured and characterized human small intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts in relation to neutrophil migration and adhesion in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from EPEC 055:B5. Upon interaction with LPS (1-10 micrograms/ml), lamina propria fibroblasts produced a high level of proinflammatory mediators, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and cell adhesion molecules (CAM) such as intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM), A-CAM, N-CAM and vitronectin in a time-dependent manner. LPS induced cell-associated IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, and IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha as soluble form in the supernatant. Apart from ICAM, vitronectin, A-CAM, and N-CAM proteins were strongly induced in lamina propria fibroblasts by LPS. Adhesion of PBMC to LPS-treated lamina propria fibroblasts was ICAM-dependent. LPS-induced ICAM expression in lamina propria fibroblasts was modulated by whole blood, PBMC and neutrophils. Conditioned medium of LPS-treated lamina propria fibroblasts remarkably enhanced the neutrophil migration. The migration of neutrophils was inhibited by anti-IL-8 antibody. Co-culture of fibroblasts with neutrophils using polycarbonate membrane filters exhibited time-dependent migration of neutrophils. These findings indicate that the coordinate production of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in lamina propria fibroblasts which do not classically belong to the immune system can influence the local inflammatory reactions at the intestinal mucosal site during bacterial infections and can influence the immune cell population residing in the lamina propria. (+info)

Th1 and Th2 cytokine mRNA profiles in childhood nephrotic syndrome: evidence for increased IL-13 mRNA expression in relapse. (3/3668)

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood is thought to be associated with T lymphocyte dysfunction often triggered by viral infections, with the production of circulating factor(s) resulting in proteinuria. In view of the conflicting evidence of T cell activation and Th1 or Th2 pattern of cytokine synthesis in this disease, this study examined the mRNA expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma, IL-4, and IL-13 from CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in steroid-responsive nephrotic patients in relapse and remission. Fifty-five children with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome were included in this study, together with 34 normal controls and 24 patient controls with viral infections. RNA was isolated from purified CD4+ or CD8+ cells from peripheral blood and subjected to reverse transcription-PCR. Cytokine mRNA expression was measured semiquantitatively, and a cytokine index was derived from densitometric readings, with cyclophilin as the housekeeping gene. Both cross-sectional and paired data showed an increased CD4+ and CD8+ IL-13 mRNA expression in patients with nephrotic relapse as compared to remission, normal, and patient controls (P < 0.008). This was also associated with increased cytoplasmic IL-13 expression in phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin-activated CD3+ cells (6.66+/-3.39%) from patients with nephrotic relapse compared to remission (2.59+/-1.35%) (P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in CD4+ or CD8+ IL-2, interferon-gamma and IL-4 mRNA expression. IL-13 is an important T cell cytokine with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions on B cells and monocytes. It is conceivable that IL-13 may act on monocytes to produce vascular permeability factor(s) involved in the pathogenesis of proteinuria in patients with relapse nephrotic syndrome. (+info)

Enhanced capacity of a widespread strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to grow in human macrophages. (4/3668)

To determine whether the extent of spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in the community correlated with their capacity to replicate in human macrophages, intracellular growth rates of M. tuberculosis patient isolates were measured. Strain 210 caused disease in 43 patients in central Los Angeles, 3 "small-cluster" strains caused disease in 8-23 patients, and 5 "unique" strains each caused disease in only 1 patient who was positive by sputum acid-fast smear and spent substantial amounts of time at homeless shelters that were tuberculosis transmission sites. Strain 210 isolates grew significantly more rapidly than small-cluster and unique strains in macrophages. All strains elicited production of similar amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and IL-12 and were equally susceptible to reactive nitrogen intermediates. It was concluded that the extensive spread of an M. tuberculosis strain correlated with its capacity to replicate rapidly in human macrophages, which may be a marker of virulence. (+info)

Macrophages are a significant source of type 1 cytokines during mycobacterial infection. (5/3668)

T-helper 1 (Th1) cells are believed to be the major producer of the type 1 cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in cell-mediated immunity against intracellular infection. We have investigated the ability of macrophages to release type 1 cytokines and their regulatory mechanisms using both in vivo and in vitro models of pulmonary mycobacterial infection. During pulmonary infection by live Mycobacterium bovis bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in wild-type mice, lung macrophages released interleukin-12 (IL-12), IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and expressed surface activation markers. However, macrophages in infected IL-12(-/-) mice released TNF-alpha but not IFN-gamma and lacked surface activation makers. In freshly isolated lung macrophages from naive IL-2(-/-) mice, mycobacteria alone released TNF-alpha but not IFN-gamma, whereas exogenously added IL-12 alone released a minimum of IFN-gamma. However, these macrophages released large quantities of IFN-gamma upon stimulation with both mycobacteria and IL-12. In contrast, mycobacteria and exogenous IFN-gamma released only a minimum of endogenous IFN-gamma. Endogenous IL-18 (IFN-gamma-inducing factor) played little role in IFN-gamma responses by macrophages stimulated by mycobacteria and IL-12. Our data reveal that macrophages are a significant source of type 1 cytokines during mycobacterial infection and that both IL-12 and intracellular pathogens are required for the release of IFN-gamma but not TNF-alpha. These findings suggest that macrophages regulate cell-mediated immunity by releasing not only IL-12 and TNF-alpha but also IFN-gamma and that full activation of IFN-gamma response in macrophages is tightly regulated. (+info)

Regulation of TH1- and TH2-type cytokine expression and action in atopic asthmatic sensitized airway smooth muscle. (6/3668)

CD4(+) T helper (TH)1- and TH2-type cytokines reportedly play an important role in the pathobiology of asthma. Recent evidence suggests that proasthmatic changes in airway smooth muscle (ASM) responsiveness may be induced by the autocrine release of certain proinflammatory cytokines by the ASM itself. We examined whether TH1- and TH2-type cytokines are expressed by atopic asthmatic sensitized ASM and serve to autologously regulate the proasthmatic phenotype in the sensitized ASM. Expression of these cytokines and their receptors was examined in isolated rabbit and human ASM tissues and cultured cells passively sensitized with sera from atopic asthmatic patients or control subjects. Relative to controls, atopic sensitized ASM cells exhibited an early increased mRNA expression of the TH2-type cytokines, interleukin-5 (IL-5) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and their receptors. This was later followed by enhanced mRNA expression of the TH1-type cytokines, IL-2, IL-12, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), as well as their respective receptors. In experiments on isolated ASM tissue segments (a) exogenous administration of IL-2 and IFN-gamma to atopic asthmatic serum-sensitized ASM ablated both their enhanced constrictor responsiveness to acetylcholine (ACh) and their attenuated relaxation responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation with isoproterenol, and (b) administration of IL-5 and GM-CSF to naive ASM induced significant increases in their contractility to ACh and impaired their relaxant responsiveness to isoproterenol. Collectively, these observations provide new evidence demonstrating that human ASM endogenously expresses both TH1- and TH2-type cytokines and their receptors, that these molecules are sequentially upregulated in the atopic asthmatic sensitized state, and that they act to downregulate and upregulate proasthmatic perturbations in ASM responsiveness, respectively. (+info)

A fatal cytokine-induced systemic inflammatory response reveals a critical role for NK cells. (7/3668)

The mechanism of cytokine-induced shock remains poorly understood. The combination of IL-2 and IL-12 has synergistic antitumor activity in vivo, yet has been associated with significant toxicity. We examined the effects of IL-2 plus IL-12 in a murine model and found that the daily, simultaneous administration of IL-2 and IL-12 resulted in shock and 100% mortality within 4 to 12 days depending on the strain employed. Mice treated with IL-2 plus IL-12 exhibited NK cell apoptosis, pulmonary edema, degenerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, and elevated serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase reactants. The actions of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha, IL-1, IL-1-converting enzyme, Fas, perforin, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and STAT1 did not contribute to the observed toxicity, nor did B or T cells. However, toxicity and death from treatment with IL-2 plus IL-12 could be completely abrogated by elimination of NK cells. These results suggest that the fatal systemic inflammatory response induced by this cytokine treatment is critically dependent upon NK cells, but does not appear to be mediated by the known effector molecules of this cellular compartment. These data may provide insight into the pathogenesis of cytokine-induced shock in humans. (+info)

Levels of IL-12 in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)--relation to Th1- and Th2-derived cytokines. (8/3668)

IL-12 is a cytokine that induces Th1-derived cytokines (interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-2). The significance of IL-12 in human autoimmunity is no clear, and the serum levels of IL-12 in SLE are not clearly established. Therefore, we examined the levels of IL-12 in 39 patients with active SLE, with sandwich ELISA. The levels of IL-12 in patients were significantly higher than in normal subjects. Patients with high levels of IL-12 also had high levels of IFN-gamma, while their levels of IL-13 were significantly lower than in patients with normal levels of IL-12. Patients with pulmonary involvement had high levels of IL-12, and steroid therapy decreased the IL-12 level in three patients. In a retrospective study of seven patients, various changes of IL-12 and IL-13 were recognized before disease flare. Thus, in SLE patients, the level of IL-12 was increased and this increase was related to the change of Th1- or Th2-derived cytokines with some organ involvement. (+info)

He and Maureen Johnson discovered interleukin 4, while an independent team led by Ellen Vitetta did the same in 1982. Paul ... Subscription required (help)). Howard M, Paul WE (1982). "Interleukins for B lymphocytes". Lymphokine Res. 1 (1): 1-4. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Paul

Interleukin 1β, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 8, Interleukin 12, et.) and chemokines (e.g. CXCL2, CXCL8, CCL5, etc.) while ... Interleukin 8, Interleukin 2, and Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) that orchestrate the ensuing innate ... stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. Interleukin 10); g) inhibit activation and function of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolvin

E.g. Interleukin, Galectin. The process by which such secretory proteins gain access to the cell exterior is termed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_peptide

... and Interleukin 2 (IL2). A summary of these proteins is shown below with their suspected functions. The HSH2D protein has been ... ". "IL2 Interleukin 2". Clark, Peter (2012). "Bioinformatics analysis reveals transcriptome and microRNA signatures and drug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSH2D

1998). "interleukin-11". Cancer Letters. 127 (1-2): 29-35. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(97)00542-9. PMID 9619855. Sotiriou C, Lacroix ... 2001). "Interleukins-6 and-11 expression in primary breast cancer and subsequent development of bone metastases". Cancer ... notably interleukin-11, the production of which is reduced by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor aspirin. BCC also reduce the ... aspirin metabolite salicylate inhibits breast cancer cells growth and their synthesis of the osteolytic cytokines interleukins- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Lacroix_(biochemist)

... interleukin 6, and interleukin 10. Histone deacetylate inhibitors (HDACi) can suppress proinflammatory cytokine production and ... They include interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-12, and IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and granulocyte ... Proinflammatory cytokines include interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-12, and IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon gamma (IFN- ... Adipocytes generate TNF-α and other interleukins. Cytokines derived from adipose tissue serve as remote regulators such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proinflammatory_cytokine

Biological drugs include antibodies, interleukins, and vaccines. Also called biologic agent or biological agent. (NCI) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_clinical_research

Interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (also called CD25) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL2RA gene. The interleukin ... "Entrez Gene: IL2RA interleukin 2 receptor, alpha". Triplett, Todd A.; et al. (July 2012). "Defining a functionally distinct ... Kuziel WA, Greene WC (June 1990). "Interleukin-2 and the IL-2 receptor: new insights into structure and function". J. Invest. ... Waldmann TA (February 1991). "The interleukin-2 receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (5): 2681-4. PMID 1993646. Retrieved 2008-08-04. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL2RA

... and Interleukin-1 (IL-1)) and through stabilization of Messenger RNA (mRNA) (e.g., Interleukin-4 (IL-4)). The promoter region ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VCAM-1

Durum SK, Aiello FB (2003). "Interleukin-7 induces MUC1". Cancer Biology & Therapy. 2 (2): 194-5. doi:10.4161/cbt.2.2.351. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-catenin

... which naturally counteracts the effect of interleukin-1. The Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), the natural agonist of ... Dinarello CA (2003). Interleukin-1 family;The Cytokine Handbook. London: Academic Press. Spurr NK, Cox S, Jeggo P, Sim RB ... These Genes are listed in Table 1. Among all candidates listed below, proteins that block the actions of interleukin-1 (IL-1) ... Researches suggest that among all potential mediators, a protein called Interleukin-1 is by far the most potent cause of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_therapy_for_osteoarthritis

The IL10 family is a family of interleukins. In addition to IL-10, it includes IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. Some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL-10_family

Interleukins have an array of immune system effects. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal ... Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They ... Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Dendritic cell therapy provokes anti- ... Two commonly used cytokines are interferons and interleukins. Interferons are produced by the immune system. They are usually ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunotherapy

Purvis SF, Georges DL, Williams TM, Lederman MM (1992). "Suppression of interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptor expression in ... Bamborough P, Hedgecock CJ, Richards WG (1994). "The interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 receptors studied by molecular modelling ... IL2RB interleukin 2 receptor, beta". Boyman O, Sprent J (February 17, 2012). "The role of interleukin-2 during homeostasis and ... "CIS associates with the interleukin-2 receptor beta chain and inhibits interleukin-2-dependent signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 274 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL2RB

High levels of interleukin-5 has been observed to up regulate the expression of adhesion molecules, which then facilitate the ... Yamaguchi Y, Suda T, Suda J, Eguchi M, Miura Y, Harada N, Tominaga A, Takatsu K (1988). "Purified interleukin 5 supports the ... Eosinophilia in mice models are shown to be associated with high interleukin-5 levels. Furthermore, mucosal bronchial biopsies ... access-date= requires ,url= (help) Sanderson, Colin (1992). "Interleukin-5, Eosinophils, and Disease". Blood. 79 (12): 3101- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil

Retraction: "Role of interleukin 12..." by van Parijs, L et al. Journal of Experimental Medicine published online 13 April 2009 ... Role of interleukin 12 and costimulators in T cell anergy in vivo. Journal of Experimental Medicine 186(7): 1119-28 (6 October ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luk_Van_Parijs

She also discovered that dendritic cells produce the interleukin essential for activation of T-cells (IL-12) and subsequent ... She was the first to discover the immunosuppressive functions of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), which inhibits antigen presentation by ... Anne O'Garra Profile Moore, Kevin W.; de Waal Malefyt, Rene; Coffman, Robert L.; O'Garra, Anne (2001). "INTERLEUKIN-10AND ... is a British immunologist who has made important discoveries on the mechanism of action of Interleukin 10. O'Garra was born in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_O'Garra

"Interleukin 17-producing T helper cells and interleukin 17 orchestrate autoreactive germinal center development in autoimmune ... "Interleukin-23 promotes a distinct CD4 T cell activation state characterized by the production of interleukin-17". The Journal ... Interleukin-17A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL17A gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory ... "Entrez Gene: IL17A interleukin 17A". Yao Z, Painter SL, Fanslow WC, Ulrich D, Macduff BM, Spriggs MK, Armitage RJ (December ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL17A

It binds to interleukin-6. Siltuximab has been investigated for the treatment of neoplastic diseases: metastatic renal cell ... Siltuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds to interleukin-6 (IL-6), preventing binding to soluble and membrane ... "The anti-interleukin-6 antibody siltuximab down-regulates genes implicated in tumorigenesis in prostate cancer patients from a ... an anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody, in metastatic renal cell cancer". British Journal of Cancer. 103 (8): 1154-1162. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siltuximab

Marchant, A.; Devière, J; Byl, B; De Groot, D; Vincent, JL; Goldman, M. (1994). "Interleukin-10 production during septicaemia ... Goriely, S; Neurath, MF; Goldman, M (2008). "How microorganisms tip the balance between interleukin-12 family members". Nature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Goldman

Interleukin-3 receptor Mangs, Helena; Morris BJ (2007). "The Human Pseudoautosomal Region (PAR): Origin, Function and Future". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoautosomal_region

It binds to interleukin 6. Hence acting as an Anti-IL-6 therapeutic aimed at inflammatory disease e.g. rheumatoid arthritis (RA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olokizumab

The interleukins are another potential molecular trigger of gliosis. These molecules, notably IL-1, initiate an inflammatory ... Some of the many signalling molecules used in these pathways include the cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), ciliary neurotrophic ... These include macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), the interleukins IL-1, IL- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliosis

Febbraio, Mark (2014). "Role of interleukins in obesity:implications for metabolic disease". Trends in Endocrinology and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramide

IGF1R Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist deficiency; 612852; IL1RN Interleukin-2 receptor, alpha chain, deficiency of; 606367; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

October 2000). "The interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain is a unique marker for human acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells". ... Testa U, Riccioni R, Diverio D, Rossini A, Lo Coco F, Peschle C (February 2004). "Interleukin-3 receptor in acute leukemia". ... fibrillary acidic protein glycoprotein IB GSTA1 HAS2 gene expression Her5 hMYADM HSA hsp25 Id2 IL-3Ralpha Integrins interleukin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_marker

Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome recruits the enzyme caspase 1, which converts pro-interleukin 1β into active interleukin 1 ... Sivera, F; Wechalekar, MD; Andrés, M; Buchbinder, R; Carmona, L (Sep 1, 2014). "Interleukin-1 inhibitors for acute gout". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gout

Interleukin-1, inflammasome and autoinflammatory diseases]". La Revue de medecine interne. PMID 27639913. John R. Lukens, ... showed a reduction in Prevotella abundance and were accompanied by significantly reduced expression levels of pro-Interleukin-1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_fever_syndrome

Epstein-Barr virus encodes an interleukin protein with high sequence identity to the human interleukin-10, suggesting a recent ... Fickenscher, H; Hör, S; Küpers, H; Knappe, A; Wittmann, S; Sticht, H (February 2002). "The interleukin-10 family of cytokines ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virokine

The source of the cytokine production are lymphocytes (TNF-α), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (SDF-1, IL-6, IL8). Interleukin 6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem-cell_niche

The different types of interleukins all serve to... ... Interleukins are naturally occurring proteins that help the ... The role of interleukins within the immune system has led to their use in fighting some types of cancer and diseases including ... Interleukins are naturally occurring proteins produced by the body that help the bodys immune system. They are not stored ... While dozens of interleukins and their effects have been identified, scientists believe there are many more still to be found. ...

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-interleukins.htm

Find Interleukins and Receptors research area related information and Interleukins and Receptors research products from R&D ...

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... [ Follow Ups ] [ Post Followup ] [ Step 1 ]. Posted by Andreas Carl from IP 94.222.30.158 on March 13, 2012 ... In Reply to: Interleukins posted by Valery on March 10, 2012 at 16:28:13:. Very interesting question: Nobody can know all the ...

http://www.usmle.net/step-1/messages2012/238558.html

Liu R, Van Kaer L, La Cava A, Price M, Campagnolo DI, Collins M, Young DA, Vollmer TL, Shi FD. Autoreactive T cells mediate NK cell degeneration in autoimmune disease. J Immunol. 2006 May 1;176(9):5247-54. Abstract. ...

https://www.capralogics.com/antibody-products/interleukins/anti-mouse-il-21-n-terminus

Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007; 356: 1517-26.. 38. Lamkanfi M., Mueller J ... Burdette D., Haskett A., Presser L., McRae S., Iqbal J., Waris G. Hepatitis C virus activates interleukin-1b via caspase-1- ... Abbate A., Van Tassell B.W., Biondi-Zoccai G.G. Blocking interleukin-1 as a novel therapeutic strategy for secondary prevention ... Interleukin-22 ameliorated renal injury and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome ...

https://pfiet.ru/article/view/957

... Hensen, P ... BACKGROUND: The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 is considered to play a major role in the pathophysiology of ...

http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:661178&language=en

cellular response to interleukin-4. • negative regulation of cell migration. • wound healing. • cellular response to ... IL24, C49A, FISP, IL10B, MDA7, MOB5, ST16, IL-24, interleukin 24. External IDs. OMIM: 604136 MGI: 2135548 HomoloGene: 4991 ... This interleukin is also known as melanoma differentiation-associated 7 (mda-7) due to its discovery as a tumour suppressing ... Interleukin 24 (IL-24) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL24 gene. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_24

Interleukin-22 receptor is a type II cytokine receptor. It binds to Interleukin-22. It is a heterodimer of α1[1] and IL-10Rβ2[1 ... Xie MH, Aggarwal S, Ho WH, Foster J, Zhang Z, Stinson J, Wood WI, Goddard AD, Gurney AL (2000). "Interleukin (IL)-22, a novel ... Receptors,+Interleukin-22 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interleukin-22_receptor&oldid=723692207" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-22_receptor

Interleukin 9 (IL-9) is a cytokine that supports IL-2 independent and IL-4 independent growth of helper T cells. Interleukin 7 ... Interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta (IL1 alpha and IL1 beta) are cytokines that participate in the regulation of immune ... Gately MK, Renzetti LM, Magram J, Stern AS, Adorini L, Gubler U, Presky DH (1998). "The interleukin-12/interleukin-12-receptor ... Recombinant expression enables cells to process precursor Interleukin 1 Beta to the mature form of the enzyme. Interleukin 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin

IL-1g; IL-18; IL1F4; Interferon (IFN) gamma-inducing factor (IGIF) Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a member of the IL-1 family of ... Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-18 synergistically induce murine tumor regression which involves inhibition of angiogenesis. J ... Palma G. (2018) Interleukin-18. In: Choi S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer, Cham. * .RIS Papers ... Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. Similar to IL-1β, IL-18 is synthesized as an inactive ...

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101719

Interleukin-25 (IL-25) - also known as interleukin-17E (IL-17E) - is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL25 gene. IL- ... "Entrez Gene: IL25 interleukin 25". Ikeda K, Nakajima H, Suzuki K, Kagami S, Hirose K, Suto A, Saito Y, Iwamoto I (May 2003). " ... Büning C, Genschel J, Weltrich R, Lochs H, Schmidt H (Oct 2003). "The interleukin-25 gene located in the inflammatory bowel ... "Identification of an interleukin (IL)-25-dependent cell population that provides IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 at the onset of helminth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_25

... and ProteinsPeptidesIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsCytokinesInterleukinsInterleukin-10 ... and ProteinsProteinsIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsCytokinesInterleukinsInterleukin-10 ... Interleukin-10 combines with itself to form a homodimeric molecule that is the biologically active form of the protein. ... Interleukin-10. A cytokine produced by a variety of cell types, including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; DENDRITIC CELLS; and ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?Db=mesh&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=%22Interleukin-10%22%5BMeSH+Terms%5D

Interleukin-5. from mouse. Sf21 cells. lyophilized powder. -. -. I1145. Interleukin-5. human. Sf21 cells. lyophilized powder. - ... Interleukin-7. human. Escherichia coli lyophilized powder. -. -. I5896. Interleukin-7. from mouse. Escherichia coli lyophilized ... Interleukin-12. human. Sf21 cells. lyophilized powder. -. -. I2276. Interleukin-12. from mouse. Sf21 cells. lyophilized powder ... Interleukin-13. human. Escherichia coli lyophilized powder. -. -. I1771. Interleukin-13. from mouse. Escherichia coli ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/learning-center/biofiles/biofiles-4-5/interleukins.html

The interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) is the receptor that IL-6 binds to in order to initiate the bodys responses to inflammation ... Interleukin 6. Image Credit: StudioMolekuul/Shutterstock.com. In what is referred to as "classical signaling", IL-6 exerts its ... Interleukin 6 Receptor. News-Medical, viewed 01 March 2021, https://www.news-medical.net/health/Interleukin-6-Receptor.aspx. ... Interleukin 6 Receptor. News-Medical. 01 March 2021. ,https://www.news-medical.net/health/Interleukin-6-Receptor.aspx,. ...

https://www.news-medical.net/health/Interleukin-6-Receptor.aspx

Interleukin-2 (IPR000779). Short name: IL-2 Overlapping homologous superfamilies *Four-helical cytokine-like, core (IPR009079) ... Use of a cDNA expression vector for isolation of mouse interleukin 2 cDNA clones: expression of T-cell growth-factor activity ... Cloning, sequence, and expression of bovine interleukin 2.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 3223-7 1986 ... Cloning, sequence, and expression of bovine interleukin 2.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 3223-7 1986 ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR000779

Interleukin-10 (IPR000098). Short name: IL-10 Overlapping homologous superfamilies *Four-helical cytokine-like, core (IPR009079 ... Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a secreted 17-21kDa protein that is non- glycosylated in humans but exists as a non-covalent ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR000098

Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha The interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) is a type I transmembrane protein that was cloned and ... CD126; Glycoprotein 80; gp80; IL-6R; IL-6Rα; Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha ... Proteolytic cleavage governs interleukin-11 trans-signaling. Cell Rep. 2016;14:1761-73.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar ... Cloning and expression of the human interleukin-6 (BSF-2/IFN beta 2) receptor. Science. 1988;241:825-8.CrossRefPubMedGoogle ...

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101661

Interleukin-1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has numerous biological effects, including activation of many inflammatory ... Interleukin-1 and neuronal injury.. Allan SM1, Tyrrell PJ, Rothwell NJ. ... There is now extensive evidence to support the direct involvement of interleukin-1 in the neuronal injury that occurs in both ... This article discusses the key evidence of a role for interleukin-1 in acute neurodegeneration - for example, stroke and brain ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16034365?dopt=Abstract

Interleukin 2 regulates its own receptors. K A Smith and D A Cantrell ... The cell surface density of high-affinity membrane receptors for the T-lymphocytotrophic hormone interleukin 2 (IL-2) ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/82/3/864?ijkey=0cebd8c58af073bc7f0b2b6eaff7e3d7417f7825&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

USA Home > Product Directory > Cell Culture > Reagents and Supplements > Growth Factors and Cytokines > Interleukins (IL) > ... Interleukin-23 human IL-23, recombinant, expressed in HEK 293 cells, HumanKine®, suitable for cell culture * pricing ...

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... secreted by T cells in response to antigen and interleukin 1, that stimulates the proliferation of T cells. See more. ... Origin of interleukin 2. First recorded in 1980-85; see origin at interleukin 1 ... a lymphokine protein, secreted by T cells in response to antigen and interleukin 1, that stimulates the proliferation of T ...

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/interleukin--2

Interleukin 1 is processed and released during apoptosis. K A Hogquist, M A Nett, E R Unanue, and D D Chaplin ... Interleukin (IL-) 1 alpha and 1 beta are synthesized as 31- to 34-kDa pro molecules. They are released from monocytes and ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/88/19/8485?ijkey=c8ebbe3d3df23b650e0095e539c2b979a7f55f74&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

H. England, H. R. Summersgill, M. E. Edye, N. J. Rothwell, and D. Brough, "Release of interleukin-1α or interleukin-1β depends ... B. Kim, Y. Lee, E. Kim et al., "The interleukin-1α precursor is biologically active and is likely a key alarmin in the IL-1 ... S. Shrivastava, A. Mukherjee, R. Ray, and R. B. Raya, "Hepatitis C virus induces interleukin-1β (IL-1β)/IL-18 in circulatory ... Y. Gu, K. Kuida, H. Tsutsui et al., "Activation of interferon-γ inducing factor mediated by interleukin-1β converting enzyme," ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2015/630265/ref/

Interleukin-10. In: Thomson AW, Lotze MT eds. Cytokine Handbook. 4th ed, vol 1. London, UK, and San Diego, Calif: Academic ... Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important suppressor of immune responses.1-3 In vitro studies indicate that IL-10 directly ... 2. Mosser DM, Zhang X. Interleukin-10: New perspectives on an old cytokine. Immunol Rev. 2008 Dec; 226:205-218. 19161426 ...

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Interleukin-2. In: Thomson AW, Lotze MT, eds. Cytokine Handbook. 4th ed, vol 1. London, UK and San Diego, Calif: Academic Press ... Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced primarily by mitogen- or antigen-activated T lymphocytes.1 IL-2 plays a ...

https://www.labcorp.com/test-menu/29756/interleukin-2-plasma

... ,ARUP Laboratories is a national reference laboratory and a worldwide leader in ... Interleukin 2by ELISA. 2. Interleukin 6 by Chemiluminescence. 3. Interleukin 2 Receptorby Chemiluminescence. 4. Interleukin 8by ...

http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-products/Interleukin-1-Beta-by-Chemiluminescence-23402-1/

Kanemaki T, Kitade H, Kaibori M, Sakitani K, Hiramatsu Y, Kamiyama Y, Ito S, Okumura T: Interleukin 1beta and interleukin 6, ... Astrocytic alterations in interleukin-6/soluble interleukin-6 receptor α double-transgenic mice. Am J Pathol157 :1485 -1493, ... 174 G/C polymorphism of interleukin-6 to interleukin-6 plasma levels and to length of hospitalization after surgical coronary ... The human interleukin-6 gene (IL6, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #147620) maps to chromosome 7p21. IL6 has a high degree ...

http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/54/suppl_2/S114

Together with Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin-7 (IL-7), Interleukin-9 (IL-9), granulocyte colony- ... Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine with structural similarity to Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Like IL-2, IL-15 binds to and signals ... "Entrez Gene: IL15 interleukin 15".. *^ Tagaya Y, Kurys G, Thies TA, Losi JM, Azimi N, Hanover JA, Bamford RN, Waldmann TA ( ... "Role of interleukin 15 and interleukin 18 in inflammatory response". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 61 Suppl 2 (Suppl 2): ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_15

"Interleukin-23 and interleukin-17: importance in pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis". Dermatology Online Journal. 18 (10): 1 ... Interleukin 17A (IL-17 or IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. This cytokine is produced by a group of T helper cell known ... "Interleukin-23 promotes a distinct CD4 T cell activation state characterized by the production of interleukin-17". The Journal ... Miossec P, Korn T, Kuchroo VK (Aug 2009). "Interleukin-17 and type 17 helper T cells". The New England Journal of Medicine. 361 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_17

... interleukin 2 synonyms, interleukin 2 pronunciation, interleukin 2 translation, English dictionary definition of interleukin 2 ... Related to interleukin 2: Interleukin 4. interleukin 2. n. a T-cell protein that stimulates the production of more T cells and ... Interleukin 2 - definition of interleukin 2 by The Free Dictionary https://www.thefreedictionary.com/interleukin+2 ... More recently, interleukin 2 (IL2) engendered enthusiastic support.. Number 12 steps up to bat; will this immune system ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/interleukin+2

P Takacs and S Kauma, "The expression of interleukin-1. α. , interleukin-1. β. , and interleukin-1 receptor type I mRNA during ... C Simon, G N Piquette, A Frances, and M L Polan, "Localization of interleukin-1 type I receptor and interleukin-1 beta in human ... S W Kauma, T T Turner, and J R Harty, "Interleukin-1 beta stimulates interleukin-6 production in placental villous core ... C A Dinarello, "Interleukin-1 and its biologically related cytokines," Advances in Immunology, vol. 44, pp. 153-205, 1989. View ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2006/079359/ref/

... which are capable of specifically binding to a human interleukin-6 receptor. Also included are monoclonal antibodies which ... 1. An isolated antibody to human interleukin-6 receptor, wherein said antibody specifically binds to said human interleukin-6 ... Interleukin-6 (hereinafter abbreviated to "IL-6") is a protein having various important physiological activities and ... A process for the preparation of a polyclonal antibody directed against human interleukin-6 receptor, comprising the steps of 1 ...

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The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of WTWH Media.. Advertise , Privacy Policy ...

https://www.massdevice.com/suppliers/interleukin-genetics-inc/

Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-1. C. 318. Homo sapiens. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: IL13RA1, IL13R, IL13RA. ... Interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha. B. 203. Homo sapiens. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: IL4R, IL4RA, 582J2.1. ... Interleukin-13. A. 113. Homo sapiens. Mutation(s): 9 Gene Names: IL13, NC30. ... Using the prototypical cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13), we explored the interrelationships between receptor binding and a wide ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5e4e

Interleukins are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes). (wikipedia.org)
Some interleukins are classified as lymphokines, lymphocyte-produced cytokines that mediate immune responses. (wikipedia.org)
Interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta (IL1 alpha and IL1 beta) are cytokines that participate in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis. (wikipedia.org)
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. (springer.com)
I am working with differents cytokines using a mouse experimental model, and I am wondering if anyone knows of a Company which carries mouse Interleukin 12. (bio.net)
The IL-6R shares many features with other receptors of the IL-6 family of cytokines, notably the interleukin-11 receptor (IL-11R) and the ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR) (Garbers et al. (springer.com)
Plasticity and cross-talk of interleukin 6-type cytokines. (springer.com)
IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines," Immunity , vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 479-490, 2005. (hindawi.com)
The interleukin-1 α precursor is biologically active and is likely a key alarmin in the IL-1 family of cytokines," Frontiers in Immunology , vol. 4, article 391, 2013. (hindawi.com)
Mediators of inflammation such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, the IL-6 family of cytokines, IL-18, and certain chemokines have been proposed to be involved in the events causing both forms of diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
The regulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) is dependent on many factors that include numerous stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), viruses, and other cytokines. (nih.gov)
Interleukin-2 belongs to a family of cytokines, which includes IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21. (bionity.com)
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are two cytokines produced by T helper type 2 cells, mast cells, and basophils. (sciencemag.org)
The hypotension in septicemia is believed to be mediated by the combined action of many modulators including cytokines, and data presented here suggest direct involvement of interleukin-1 in this process. (ahajournals.org)
Cytokines, especially alpha and beta types of IL-1α and IL-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor, have been implicated as primary mediators of the physiological response to septicemia. (ahajournals.org)
Interleukin-19 is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-10 family of cytokines along with several other interleukins including IL-10 , IL-20 , IL-22 , IL-24 , IL-26 , and several virus -encoded cytokines. (wikidoc.org)
A gene on chromosome 19q13.3-q13.4 that encodes interleukin-11, a member of the gp130 family of cytokines, which drive the assembly of multi-subunit receptor complexes, all of which contain at least one molecule of the transmembrane signalling receptor IL6ST. (thefreedictionary.com)
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease driven by multiple cytokines, including TNF-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-17 , produced by pro-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages and activated T cells. (thefreedictionary.com)

Interleukin receptors on astrocytes in the hippocampus are also known to be involved in the development of spatial memories in mice. (wikipedia.org)
However, when mice with this genetic deletion have wild-type neural precursor cells injected into their hippocampus and these cells are allowed to mature into astrocytes containing the interleukin-1 receptors, the mice exhibit normal hippocampal-dependent memory function, and partial restoration of long-term potentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Wolf J, Rose-John S, Garbers C. Interleukin-6 and its receptors: a highly regulated and dynamic system. (springer.com)
The cell surface density of high-affinity membrane receptors for the T-lymphocytotrophic hormone interleukin 2 (IL-2) determines the rate of T-cell-cycle progression. (pnas.org)
This page only covers receptors for Interleukins, not chemokines, interferons, or other growth factors. (biolegend.com)
All of their receptors are heteropolymers of which at least one sub-unit is a member of the family of IL-1 receptors (IL-1R), which are characterized by extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and an intracellular Toll/Interleukin-1R (TIR) domain within their cytoplasmic tail. (frontiersin.org)
Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) as one of the most prevalent inflammatory mediated surface receptors, participates not only in peripheral inflammation but also in AD-related neuroinflammation. (intechopen.com)

This interleukin is also known as melanoma differentiation-associated 7 ( mda-7 ) due to its discovery as a tumour suppressing protein. (wikipedia.org)
The name "interleukin" was chosen in 1979, to replace the various different names used by different research groups to designate interleukin 1 (lymphocyte activating factor, mitogenic protein, T-cell replacing factor III, B-cell activating factor, B-cell differentiation factor, and "Heidikine") and interleukin 2 (TSF, etc. (wikipedia.org)
Interleukin-10 combines with itself to form a homodimeric molecule that is the biologically active form of the protein. (nih.gov)
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a secreted 17-21kDa protein that is non- glycosylated in humans but exists as a non-covalent homodimer. (ebi.ac.uk)
The interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) is a type I transmembrane protein that was cloned and described in 1988 (Yamasaki et al. (springer.com)
Association of transcription factor APRF and protein kinase Jak1 with the interleukin-6 signal transducer gp130. (springer.com)
a lymphokine protein, secreted by T cells in response to antigen and interleukin 1 , that stimulates the proliferation of T cells. (dictionary.com)
interleukin-18, interferon-gamma-inducing factor, IL-18 ) adalah sitokina yang merupakan ekspresi genetik IL18 , [1] dengan prekursor sepanjang 192 AA dan protein aktif sepanjang 157 AA yang meningkatkan respon peradangan tubuh dengan menginduksi sekresi interferon-gamma oleh sel T dan meningkatkan aktivitas sel NK di dalam limpa . (wikipedia.org)
[1] [2] Kod ljudi, interleukin 8 je protein kodiran IL8 genom . (wikipedia.org)
The target antigen refers to the Interleukin 12 protein complex, which comprises multiple genes. (biocompare.com)
The study, published in the July 15, 2005 issue of CANCER , a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society , reports that factors that improved quality life, such as social support, were associated with low levels of a protein released by both immune cells and tumor cells, called interleukin 6 (IL-6). (news-medical.net)
Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates interleukin-11 transcription via complex activating protein-1-dependent pathways. (thefreedictionary.com)
Interleukin-17 stimulates C-reactive protein expression in hepatocytes and smooth muscle cells via p38 MAPK and ERK1/2dependent NF-kappaB and C/EBPbeta activation. (thefreedictionary.com)
The receptor of this cytokine is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). (prospecbio.com)

Antibodies, polyclonal and monoclonal, which are capable of specifically binding to a human interleukin-6 receptor. (freepatentsonline.com)
Also included are monoclonal antibodies which competitively and non-competitively inhibit human interleukin-6, and a method of producing hybridomas of the said monoclonal antibodies capable of specifically binding to a human interleukin-6 receptor. (freepatentsonline.com)
The following lists a number of Interleukin 12 antibodies from various sources. (biocompare.com)
Your search returned 1221 Interleukin 12 Antibodies across 43 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
Your search returned 25 Interleukin 35 (IL35) Antibodies across 7 suppliers. (biocompare.com)

S Yagel, P K Lala, W A Powell, and R F Casper, "Interleukin-1 stimulates human chorionic gonadotropin secretion by first trimester human trophoblast," The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism , vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 992-995, 1989. (hindawi.com)
S W Kauma, "Interleukin-1 beta stimulates colony-stimulating factor-1 production in human term placenta," The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism , vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 701-703, 1993. (hindawi.com)

and interleukin-1 receptor type I mRNA during preimplantation mouse development," Journal of Reproductive Immunology , vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 27-35, 1996. (hindawi.com)

Interleukin Genetics Inc. (massdevice.com)
Interleukin Genetics, Inc. (AMEX:ILI), today announced that Partha P. Paul, Ph.D., has joined the Company as Senior Director, Business Development. (prweb.com)
Dr. Paul will be responsible for all business development activities for Interleukin Genetics and will be reporting to the Chief Executive Officer, Lewis Bender. (prweb.com)
Prior to joining Interleukin Genetics, Dr. Paul was the Senior Director of Business Development at AtheroGenics, Inc., a publicly traded biotechnology company located in Georgia. (prweb.com)
Interleukin Genetics, Inc. (AMEX:ILI), is a genetics-focused personalized health company that develops preventive consumer products and genetic tests for sale to the emerging personalized health market. (prweb.com)
Focused on the future of health and medicine, Interleukin Genetics uses its leading genetics research and scientific capabilities to develop and test innovative preventive and therapeutic products. (prweb.com)
Interleukin Genetics currently offers an array of Nutraceuticals and OTCeuticals®, including Ginkoba®, Ginsana® and Venastat® which are sold at the nation's largest food, drug and mass retailers, and has commercialized genetic tests for periodontal disease risk assessment, cardiovascular risk assessment, and general nutrition assessment. (prweb.com)
Interleukin Genetics is headquartered in Waltham, MA. (prweb.com)
For more information about Interleukin Genetics, its products and ongoing programs, please visit http://www.ilgenetics.com . (prweb.com)
WALTHAM, Mass., May 10, 2016 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Interleukin Genetics, Inc. (OTCQB:ILIU) announced today that it will host a conference call and webcast on Monday, May 16, 2016, at 8:30 a.m. (cnbc.com)
Interleukin Genetics, Inc. (OTCQB:ILIU) develops and markets proprietary genetic tests for chronic diseases and health-related conditions. (cnbc.com)
Interleukin Genetics leverages its research, intellectual property, and genetic panel development expertise in metabolism and inflammation to facilitate the emerging personalized healthcare market. (cnbc.com)
Interleukin Genetics' lead products include its proprietary PerioPredict ® genetic test for periodontal disease and its Inherent Health® line of genetic tests. (cnbc.com)
Interleukin Genetics is headquartered in Waltham, MA and operates an on-site, state-of-the-art DNA testing laboratory certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments (CLIA). (cnbc.com)
Interleukin Genetics will be conducting various clinical studies, which shall be fully funded by Alticor. (fiercebiotech.com)
Under the terms of the agreement, ABG will pay Interleukin Genetics $1.2 million during 2008 for the research. (fiercebiotech.com)
This is our eighth research agreement with Alticor and we are pleased to continue to work with our partner on the development of genetic risk assessment tests in the field of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in new populations as well as innovative research in exercise performance and skin health," said Lewis H. Bender, Chief Executive Officer of Interleukin Genetics. (fiercebiotech.com)
Interleukin Genetics has an experienced research staff and the capabilities to assist in our development of novel personalized health and wellness products," said Robin Dykhouse, Vice President, Research at Access Business Group. (fiercebiotech.com)
We have been pleased with our past collaborations with Interleukin Genetics and look forward to continuing to work with their team. (fiercebiotech.com)
Previous research agreements between Interleukin Genetics and Alticor led to the commercial launch in March 2006 of three products--a proprietary genetic test for risk of early heart disease, a novel and proprietary nutritional supplement beneficial for those who test positive for that genetic risk factor, and a general nutrition test panel. (fiercebiotech.com)
Interleukin Genetics has developed and commercialized genetic tests for risk assessment of coronary artery disease, periodontal disease, and general nutrition. (fiercebiotech.com)

Use of a cDNA expression vector for isolation of mouse interleukin 2 cDNA clones: expression of T-cell growth-factor activity after transfection of monkey cells. (ebi.ac.uk)
cDNA cloning of an intracellular form of the human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist associated with epithelium," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 88, no. 9, pp. 3681-3685, 1991. (hindawi.com)
[2] The IL-2 molecule was also the first interleukin found to be encoded by a complementary DNA (cDNA), [3] and to mediate its effects via a specific IL-2 receptor . (bionity.com)

The majority of interleukins are synthesized by helper CD4 T lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced primarily by mitogen- or antigen-activated T lymphocytes. (labcorp.com)
Complementary DNA For A Novel Human Interleukin (BSF-2) That Induces B Lymphocytes To Produce Immunoglobulin", Nature, 324:73-76, Nov., 1986. (freepatentsonline.com)

Interleukins are naturally occurring proteins produced by the body that help the body's immune system . (wisegeek.com)
Species specificity of ADAM10 and ADAM17 proteins in interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signaling and novel role of ADAM10 in inducible IL-6 receptor shedding. (springer.com)

Levels of renin mRNA in As4.1 cells are decreased in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of physiological concentrations of cytokine interleukin-1 to the media. (ahajournals.org)
Stability of renin mRNA and initial rates of release of active renin and prorenin were not significantly altered by interleukin-1. (ahajournals.org)
Moreover, global mRNA expression for key genes involved in the interleukin-23 / interleukin-17 inflammatory cytokine pathway closely resembled healthy skin following treatment with secukinumab. (thefreedictionary.com)

Interleukin-4 , abbreviated IL-4 , is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells ( Th0 cells ) to Th2 cells . (thefullwiki.org)

Interleukin-18-induced human coronary artery smooth muscle cell migration is dependent on NF-kappaB- and AP-1-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and is inhibited by atorvastatin. (springer.com)
Secondary structure of human interleukin 2 from 3D heteronuclear NMR experiments. (ebi.ac.uk)
C Simon, G N Piquette, A Frances, and M L Polan, "Localization of interleukin-1 type I receptor and interleukin-1 beta in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle," The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism , vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 549-555, 1993. (hindawi.com)
Interleukin-1 beta regulates human cytotrophoblast metalloproteinase activity and invasion in vitro," The Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 269, no. 25, pp. 17125-17131, 1994. (hindawi.com)
Cloning and Expression of the Human Interleukin-6 (BSF-2/IFN.beta.2) Receptor", Science, 241:825-828 1988, Aug. 12). (freepatentsonline.com)
Production of interleukins in human immunodeficiency virus-1-replicating lymph nodes. (jci.org)
Recombinant human interleukin-3 (hIL-3) Ala20-Phe152 (Accession # NP_000579) was expressed in human 293 cells at Cell Signaling Technology. (cellsignal.com)
Human interleukin 1. (rupress.org)
We have purified human interleukin 1 (IL-1) to homogeneity by a simplified procedure that results in excellent yields of pure material that retains a high level of biological activity. (rupress.org)
One of the most common human immunodeficiencies is an X-linked condition arising from mutations of the gamma subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2Rgamma). (jci.org)
Cytokine and hormonal stimulation of human osteosarcoma interleukin-11 production. (thefreedictionary.com)
According to the company, SILIQ is a novel human monoclonal antibody that binds to the interleukin-17 (IL-17) receptor and inhibits inflammatory signaling by preventing the binding of several types of IL-17 to the receptor. (thefreedictionary.com)

Interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) is an interleukin, a type of cytokine immune system signalling molecule, that is instrumental in the body's natural response to microbial infection and in discriminating between foreign (nonself) and self. (bionity.com)
Interleukin-7 is a type of cytokine. (cancer.gov)

2018 Sep 26;65:1-7 Authors: Xu WD, Su LC, He CS, Huang AF Abstract Previous studies have indicated that interleukin-38 (IL-38) is involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (medworm.com)

The interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) is the receptor that IL-6 binds to in order to initiate the body's responses to inflammation and infection. (news-medical.net)
The different types of interleukins are responsible for triggering an assortment of infection-fighting immune responses, including pain, fever, inflammation , allergic reactions and cell regeneration. (wisegeek.com)
Chalaris A, Garbers C, Rabe B, Rose-John S, Scheller J. The soluble interleukin 6 receptor: generation and role in inflammation and cancer. (springer.com)
Promoting the inflammation, IL-17 acts in concert with tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 . (wikipedia.org)
Interleukin-6 measured using the automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method for the identification of intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. (gu.se)
We aimed to compare the amniotic fluid interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations measured using the automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method and ELISA, and to establish an IL-6 concentration cut-off value for intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM), which can be used in the automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method.A total of 120 women with PPROM were included in this study. (gu.se)
Regulatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) has been proposed as a key molecule involved in the attenuation of chronic inflammation and the ensuing tolerance for these helminth parasites. (mendeley.com)
Interleukin 13 ( IL-13 ) is a cytokine secreted by many cell types, but especially T helper type 2 (Th2) cells [1] , that is an important mediator of allergic inflammation and disease. (wikidoc.org)

Considering the relevance of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis (TR), we investigated whether IL1A −889 C/T and IL1B +3954C/T promoter polymorphisms are associated with TR in humans. (molvis.org)

Can personalized tumor vaccines improve interleukin-2 treated metastatic melanoma? (eurekalert.org)
New Rochelle, NY, January 22, 2014--Metastatic melanoma has a poor prognosis, but treatment with high-dose interleukin-2 (IL2) can extend survival. (eurekalert.org)

Cellular senescence or EGFR signaling induces interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor expression controlled by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). (springer.com)
Interleukin-6 induces vascular en. (mendeley.com)

Biological therapy using interleukins also can help rebuild an immune system practically eliminated by the sometimes harsh treatments needed to destroy cancerous tumors. (wisegeek.com)
Interleukin-36 (IL-36) ligands require processing for full agonist (IL-36 α , IL-36 β , and IL-36 γ ) or antagonist (IL-36Ra) activity," Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 286, no. 49, pp. 42594-42602, 2011. (hindawi.com)
phase growth-arresting action of interleukin-1 is independent of p53 and p21/WAF1 function," The Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 273, no. 46, pp. 30517-30523, 1998. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, interleukin network represents an interesting pharmacological target, modulation of which using either biological or small chemical agents could contribute to suppression of excessive activated immune system and successfully treat the diseases that they are involved in. (intechopen.com)
Interleukin-7 made in the laboratory is used as a biological response modifier to boost the immune system in cancer therapy. (cancer.gov)
Interleukin-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine with very pleiotropic biological functions. (thefreedictionary.com)

Recombinant expression enables cells to process precursor Interleukin 1 Beta to the mature form of the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)

To investigate the relationship between both disease activity and the involvement of Behçet's disease (BD), and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23. (uwi.edu)
Serum interleukin-17 levels are related to clinical severity in allergic rhinitis. (thefreedictionary.com)

Molecular cloning of the Interleukin 1 Beta converting enzyme is generated by the proteolytic cleavage of an inactive precursor molecule. (wikipedia.org)

Antitumor activity of interleukin-18 against the murine T-cell leukemia/lymphoma EL-4 in syngeneic mice. (springer.com)
Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-18 synergistically induce murine tumor regression which involves inhibition of angiogenesis. (springer.com)

Retrieved on March 01, 2021 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/Interleukin-6-Receptor.aspx. (news-medical.net)

The document addresses the indications for interleukin-17A (IL-17A) monoclonal antibody drugs used in the treatment of adults with active ankylosing spondylitis, moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, or active psoriatic arthritis. (unicare.com)

The function of the immune system depends in a large part on interleukins, and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency. (wikipedia.org)
As part of the cytokine family of cell-signaling molecules, interleukins have a major role in the immune system, but they don't actively create the immune response . (wisegeek.com)
The role of interleukins within the immune system has led to their use in fighting some types of cancer and diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. (wisegeek.com)
While interleukin therapy that boosts the immune system into overdrive can have major health benefits in some situations, an overactive immune system is believed to be the culprit behind autoimmune diseases including lupus , fibromyalgia and multiple sclerosis. (wisegeek.com)
Another part of the body's immune system makeup - T suppressor cells - are meant to signal an end to fighting once the body has won, and interleukins are critical to getting the word out. (wisegeek.com)
Interleukin (IL)-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a key impact on both immunoregulation and nonimmune events in most cell types and tissues outside the immune system ( 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Overall Response Rate (ORR) = 100%(CR + PR/total number of patients receiving Interleukin-2). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Median survival of patients treated with this moderate dose bolus Interleukin-2 schedule. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Plasma interleukin-38 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (medworm.com)
PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of interleukin-2 in treating patients who have mycosis fungoides. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Determine the maximum tolerated dose and toxicity of interleukin-2 in patients with stage IIB-IV mycosis fungoides. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Patients receive interleukin-2 (IL-2) subcutaneously on days 1-5 during weeks 1-3 and on days 1-3 and 5 during week 4. (clinicaltrials.gov)

A Nilkaeo, K Green, and S Kauma, "Interleukin-1 (IL-1) stimulation of trophoblast proliferation is mediated by the induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) production," Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation , vol. 7, no. 1 suppl, p. 162A, 2000. (hindawi.com)

It binds to Interleukin-22 . (wikipedia.org)
IL-7 binds to the IL-7 receptor , a heterodimer consisting of Interleukin-7 receptor alpha and common gamma chain receptor . (wikidoc.org)

The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 is considered to play a major role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, which is characterized by an IL-10 deficiency. (diva-portal.org)
Scheller J, Garbers C, Rose-John S. Interleukin-6: from basic biology to selective blockade of pro-inflammatory activities. (springer.com)
Interleukin 17A ( IL-17 or IL-17A ) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine . (wikipedia.org)
By the late 1970s, the term "interleukin" was being used to describe the pleiotropic factors implicated in inflammatory immune response and the designation "IL-1" was then used to define the factors secreted by macrophages ( 4 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
BACKGROUND: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine highly expressed in inflammatory bowel diseases, but whose effects on intestinal motility are unknown. (biomedsearch.com)
Interleukin-17 may have a central role in inflammatory joint diseases as a "fine-tuning" cytokine. (thefreedictionary.com)
Ensemble's internal discovery and development efforts are focused on the key therapeutic areas of oncology and immuno-inflammatory diseases, with its lead program, a small molecule antagonist of Interleukin-17 , a cytokine implicated in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, poised to enter development with an orally active candidate in 2013. (thefreedictionary.com)

When administered, these high-dose interleukins trigger healthy cells to redouble their efforts in fighting cancerous cells and other threats to the body. (wisegeek.com)
The interleukin-2 infusion (the high dose regimen) can cause a reaction that may include low blood pressure, increased heart rate or arrhythmias, shortness of breath, rash, nausea, diarrhea and joint and muscle stiffness. (oncolink.org)

Altered cytokine export and apoptosis in mice deficient in interleukin-1beta converting enzyme," Science , vol. 267, no. 5206, pp. 2000-2003, 1995. (hindawi.com)
Embryonic implantation in mice is blocked by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [see comments]," Endocrinology , vol. 134, no. 2, pp. 521-528, 1994. (hindawi.com)
A critical role of interleukin (IL)-17A was demonstrated: mice lacking interferon-γ or IL-4 were protected, but not mice lacking IL-17A receptor or mice with neutrophil depletion. (plos.org)

Interleukin-1-alfa, one form of interleukin-1, is made mainly by one type of white blood cell, the macrophage, and helps another type of white blood cell, the lymphocyte, fight infections. (cancer.gov)

Activation of interferon- γ inducing factor mediated by interleukin-1 β converting enzyme," Science , vol. 275, no. 5297, pp. 206-209, 1997. (hindawi.com)

Association of the G-174C variant in the interleukin-11 promoter region with bone loss and fracture risk in older women. (thefreedictionary.com)

Cleavage site localization differentially controls interleukin-6 receptor proteolysis by ADAM10 and ADAM17. (springer.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms2

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes13

Information Science2

Health Care2

Reciprocal control of T helper cell and dendritic cell differentiation. (1/3668)

Interaction of lipopolysaccharide with human small intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts favors neutrophil migration and peripheral blood mononuclear cell adhesion by the production of proinflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. (2/3668)

Th1 and Th2 cytokine mRNA profiles in childhood nephrotic syndrome: evidence for increased IL-13 mRNA expression in relapse. (3/3668)

Enhanced capacity of a widespread strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to grow in human macrophages. (4/3668)

Macrophages are a significant source of type 1 cytokines during mycobacterial infection. (5/3668)

Regulation of TH1- and TH2-type cytokine expression and action in atopic asthmatic sensitized airway smooth muscle. (6/3668)

A fatal cytokine-induced systemic inflammatory response reveals a critical role for NK cells. (7/3668)

Levels of IL-12 in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)--relation to Th1- and Th2-derived cytokines. (8/3668)

Interleukins

Interleukin-6

Cytokines

Interleukin-1

Interleukin-4

Interleukin-2

Interleukin-8

Interleukin-10

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Interleukin-5

Inflammation Mediators

Inflammation

Receptors, Interleukin

Cells, Cultured

Interleukin-7

T-Lymphocytes

Interleukin-15

Receptors, Interleukin-5

Interleukin-13

Interferon-gamma

Interleukin-3

Interleukin-11

Phytohemagglutinins

Interleukin-1beta

Signal Transduction

RNA, Messenger

Interleukin-12

Lymphokines

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Interleukin-18

Biological Markers

Concanavalin A

Lipopolysaccharides

Lymphocyte Activation

Recombinant Proteins

Time Factors

Cell Division

Monocytes

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

B-Lymphocytes

Gene Expression Regulation

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Cell Line

Receptors, Interleukin-2

Macrophages

Growth Substances

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Gene Expression

T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer

Lymphocytes

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Flow Cytometry

Spleen

Cell Differentiation

Antigens, CD

Fibroblasts

Case-Control Studies

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Lung

Gene Expression Profiling

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Bone Marrow Cells

Molecular Sequence Data

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Killer Cells, Natural

NF-kappa B

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

Phenotype

Transfection

Base Sequence

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Prospective Studies

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Transcription, Genetic

Disease Models, Animal

Phosphorylation

Reciprocal control of T helper cell and dendritic cell differentiation. (1/3668)

Interaction of lipopolysaccharide with human small intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts favors neutrophil migration and peripheral blood mononuclear cell adhesion by the production of proinflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. (2/3668)

Th1 and Th2 cytokine mRNA profiles in childhood nephrotic syndrome: evidence for increased IL-13 mRNA expression in relapse. (3/3668)

Enhanced capacity of a widespread strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to grow in human macrophages. (4/3668)

JACI：感染和过敏对哮喘形成和加重的影响（摘录）机理文献杭州浙大迪迅生物基因工程有限公司