Interleukin 1. Medical search

A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.

A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes.

Cell surface proteins that bind interleukins and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.

A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES and is also a growth factor for HYBRIDOMAS and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and FIBROBLASTS.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

A soluble factor produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that induces the expression of MHC CLASS II GENES and FC RECEPTORS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and causes their proliferation and differentiation. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, MAST CELLS, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells.

A cytokine produced by a variety of cell types, including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; DENDRITIC CELLS; and EPITHELIAL CELLS that exerts a variety of effects on immunoregulation and INFLAMMATION. Interleukin-10 combines with itself to form a homodimeric molecule that is the biologically active form of the protein.

Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli.

A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.

A ligand that binds to but fails to activate the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR. It plays an inhibitory role in the regulation of INFLAMMATION and FEVER. Several isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Receptors present on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and B-LYMPHOCYTES that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-2 and play an important role in LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION. They are heterotrimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT, the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR BETA SUBUNIT, and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-12 is a 70 kDa protein that is composed of covalently linked 40 kDa and 35 kDa subunits. It is produced by DENDRITIC CELLS; MACROPHAGES and a variety of other immune cells and plays a role in the stimulation of INTERFERON-GAMMA production by T-LYMPHOCYTES and NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Cell surface receptors that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-1. Included under this heading are signaling receptors, non-signaling receptors and accessory proteins required for receptor signaling. Signaling from interleukin-1 receptors occurs via interaction with SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS such as MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88.

An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane.

A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by LYMPHOCYTES; EPITHELIAL CELLS; and ASTROCYTES which stimulates clonal proliferation and differentiation of various types of blood and tissue cells.

A cytokine that promotes differentiation and activation of EOSINOPHILS. It also triggers activated B-LYMPHOCYTES to differentiate into IMMUNOGLOBULIN-secreting cells.

A cytokine which resembles IL-1 structurally and IL-12 functionally. It enhances the cytotoxic activity of NK CELLS and CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES, and appears to play a role both as neuroimmunomodulator and in the induction of mucosal immunity.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Receptors present on a wide variety of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-4. They are involved in signaling a variety of immunological responses related to allergic INFLAMMATION including the differentiation of TH2 CELLS and the regulation of IMMUNOGLOBULIN E production. Two subtypes of receptors exist and are referred to as the TYPE I INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR and the TYPE II INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR. Each receptor subtype is defined by its unique subunit composition.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

A cytokine synthesized by T-LYMPHOCYTES that produces proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switching, and immunoglobulin production by immature B-LYMPHOCYTES. It appears to play a role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Cell surface receptors that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-6. They are present on T-LYMPHOCYTES, mitogen-activated B-LYMPHOCYTES, and peripheral MONOCYTES. The receptors are heterodimers of the INTERLEUKIN-6 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT and the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130.

A lymphohematopoietic cytokine that plays a role in regulating the proliferation of ERYTHROID PRECURSOR CELLS. It induces maturation of MEGAKARYOCYTES which results in increased production of BLOOD PLATELETS. Interleukin-11 was also initially described as an inhibitor of ADIPOGENESIS of cultured preadipocytes.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Cell surface molecules on cells of the immune system that specifically bind surface molecules or messenger molecules and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Although these receptors were first identified in the immune system, many have important functions elsewhere.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A proinflammatory cytokine produced primarily by T-LYMPHOCYTES or their precursors. Several subtypes of interleukin-17 have been identified, each of which is a product of a unique gene.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T-LYMPHOCYTES and shares biological activities with IL-2. IL-15 also can induce proliferation and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A cytokine produced by bone marrow stromal cells that promotes the growth of B-LYMPHOCYTE precursors and is co-mitogenic with INTERLEUKIN-2 for mature T-LYMPHOCYTE activation.

Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

An interleukin receptor subunit with specificity for INTERLEUKIN-13. It dimerizes with the INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT to form the TYPE II INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR which has specificity for both INTERLEUKIN-4 and INTERLEUKIN-13. Signaling of this receptor subunit occurs through the interaction of its cytoplasmic domain with JANUS KINASES such as the TYK2 KINASE.

The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-13. Included under this heading are the INTERLEUKIN-13 RECEPTOR ALPHA2 which is a monomeric receptor and the INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR TYPE II which has specificity for both INTERLEUKIN-4 and INTERLEUKIN-13.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those involved in cellular immunity.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes that cooperate with other lymphocytes (either T or B) to initiate a variety of immune functions. For example, helper-inducer T-cells cooperate with B-cells to produce antibodies to thymus-dependent antigens and with other subpopulations of T-cells to initiate a variety of cell-mediated immune functions.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-6 family members. STAT3 is constitutively activated in a variety of TUMORS and is a major downstream transducer for the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Antigens expressed on the cell membrane of T-lymphocytes during differentiation, activation, and normal and neoplastic transformation. Their phenotypic characterization is important in differential diagnosis and studies of thymic ontogeny and T-cell function.

Cytolytic lymphocytes with the unique capacity of killing natural killer (NK)-resistant fresh tumor cells. They are INTERLEUKIN-2-activated NK cells that have no MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX restriction or need for antigen stimulation. LAK cells are used for ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY in cancer patients.

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

An interleukin-1 subtype that occurs as a membrane-bound pro-protein form that is cleaved by proteases to form a secreted mature form. Unlike INTERLEUKIN-1BETA both membrane-bound and secreted forms of interleukin-1alpha are biologically active.

Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Mucoproteins isolated from the kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); some of them are mitogenic to lymphocytes, others agglutinate all or certain types of erythrocytes or lymphocytes. They are used mainly in the study of immune mechanisms and in cell culture.

A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-23 is comprised of a unique 19 kDa subunit and 40 kDa subunit that is shared with INTERLEUKIN-12. It is produced by DENDRITIC CELLS; MACROPHAGES and a variety of other immune cells

An interleukin-1 receptor subtype that is involved in signaling cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The binding of this receptor to its ligand causes its favorable interaction with INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ACCESSORY PROTEIN and the formation of an activated receptor complex.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

A cytokine receptor that acts through the formation of oligomeric complexes of itself with a variety of CYTOKINE RECEPTORS.

Cell surface receptors that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-5. They are heterodimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-5 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT and the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT. Signaling from interleukin-5 receptors can occur through interaction of their cytoplasmic domains with SYNTENINS.

A long pro-domain caspase that has specificity for the precursor form of INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. It plays a role in INFLAMMATION by catalytically converting the inactive forms of CYTOKINES such as interleukin-1beta to their active, secreted form. Caspase 1 is referred as interleukin-1beta converting enzyme and is frequently abbreviated ICE.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-4. Stat6 has been shown to partner with NF-KAPPA B and CCAAT-ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEINS to regulate GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of interleukin-4 responsive GENES.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.

An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-10. They exist as a tetramer of two alpha chains (INTERLEUKIN-10 RECEPTOR ALPHA CHAIN) and two beta chains (INTERLEUKIN-10 RECEPTOR, BETA CHAIN). Signaling from interleukin-10 receptors occurs through their interaction with JANUS KINASES.

Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection.

Cell surface receptors that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-7. They are present on T-LYMPHOCYTES and B-LYMPHOCYTE precursors. The receptors are heterodimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-5 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT and the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT.

High affinity receptors for INTERLEUKIN-3. They are found on early HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS; progenitors of MYELOID CELLS; EOSINOPHILS; and BASOPHILS. Interleukin-3 receptors are formed by the dimerization of the INTERLEUKIN-3 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT and the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT.

A cytokine subunit that is a component of both interleukin-12 and interleukin-23. It binds to the INTERLEUKIN-12 SUBUNIT P35 via a disulfide bond to form interleukin-12 and to INTERLEUKIN-23 SUBUNIT P19 to form interleukin-23.

Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

A classification of T-lymphocytes, especially into helper/inducer, suppressor/effector, and cytotoxic subsets, based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

A subunit of the interleukin-18 receptor that is responsible of extracellular binding of IL-18.

Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

High-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors for INTERLEUKIN-8 present on NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and BASOPHILS.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-18 found on a variety of cell types including MACROPHAGES; NEUTROPHILS; NK CELLS; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; and SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS. They are formed as a heterodimer of alpha and beta subunits.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. They can be divided into at least three structural branches: C; (CHEMOKINES, C); CC; (CHEMOKINES, CC); and CXC; (CHEMOKINES, CXC); according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. It is produced by LEUKOCYTES of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by FIBROBLASTS during tissue injury. It has specificity for CCR2 RECEPTORS.

Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

A multifunctional cytokine secreted by primarily by activated TH2 CELLS that may play a role as a regulator of allergic INFLAMMATION. It has been shown to enhance the growth and CELL DIFFERENTIATION of MAST CELLS, and can act on a variety of other immune cells.

Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-12. They exist as dimers of beta 1 and beta 2 subunits. Signaling from interleukin-12 receptors occurs through their interaction with JANUS KINASES.

Soluble mediators of the immune response that are neither antibodies nor complement. They are produced largely, but not exclusively, by monocytes and macrophages.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Subset of helper-effector T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete IL-17, IL-17F, and IL-22. These cytokines are involved in host defenses and tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Glycoproteins found in a subfraction of normal mammalian plasma and urine. They stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow cells in agar cultures and the formation of colonies of granulocytes and/or macrophages. The factors include INTERLEUKIN-3; (IL-3); GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (G-CSF); MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (M-CSF); and GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (GM-CSF).

Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-15. They are widely-distributed heterotrimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-15 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT, the INTERLEUKIN-2, 15 RECEPTOR BETA SUBUNIT, and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN.

The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.

Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-17. Several subtypes of receptors have been found, each with its own in specificity for interleukin-17 subtype.

A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)

Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.

The inner membrane of a joint capsule surrounding a freely movable joint. It is loosely attached to the external fibrous capsule and secretes SYNOVIAL FLUID.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

A low affinity interleukin-11 receptor subunit that combines with the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130 to form a high affinity receptor for INTERLEUKIN-11. Multiple isoforms of this protein exist due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its MRNA.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.

A cytokine produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that stimulates the migration of CD4-POSITIVE LYMPHOCYTES and monocytes. It has been reported to suppress HIV replication.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.

An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.

An INTERLEUKIN-6 related cytokine that exhibits pleiotrophic effects on many physiological systems that involve cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Leukemia inhibitory factor binds to and acts through the lif receptor.

A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic interactions, such as on CELL DIFFERENTIATION or APOPTOSIS. Coculture can be of different types of cells, tissues, or organs from normal or disease states.

A cell-surface ligand involved in leukocyte adhesion and inflammation. Its production is induced by gamma-interferon and it is required for neutrophil migration into inflamed tissue.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

An interleukin receptor subunit that was originally discovered as a component of the INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR. It was subsequently found to be a component of several other receptors including the INTERLEUKIN 4 RECEPTOR, the INTERLEUKIN 7 RECEPTOR, the INTERLEUKIN-9 RECEPTOR, the INTERLEUKIN-15 RECEPTOR, and the INTERLEUKIN-21 RECEPTOR. Mutations in the gene for the interleukin receptor common gamma chain have been associated with X-LINKED COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Mononuclear phagocytes derived from bone marrow precursors but resident in the peritoneum.

A pattern recognition receptor that interacts with LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 96 and LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES. It mediates cellular responses to GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

Toxins closely associated with the living cytoplasm or cell wall of certain microorganisms, which do not readily diffuse into the culture medium, but are released upon lysis of the cells.

Glycoprotein molecules on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes, that react with molecules of antilymphocyte sera, lectins, and other agents which induce blast transformation of lymphocytes.

Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the BASOPHILS, mast cells contain large amounts of HISTAMINE and HEPARIN. Unlike basophils, mast cells normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast cells, derived from the bone marrow stem cells, are regulated by the STEM CELL FACTOR.

CD4-positive T cells that inhibit immunopathology or autoimmune disease in vivo. They inhibit the immune response by influencing the activity of other cell types. Regulatory T-cells include naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ cells, IL-10 secreting Tr1 cells, and Th3 cells.

A Janus kinase subtype that is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cell. It is involved in signaling from a broad variety of CYTOKINE RECEPTORS including ones that utilize the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA SUBUNIT.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A cell surface receptor that specifically mediates the biological effects of INTERLEUKIN-9. The functional IL9 receptor signals through interaction of its cytoplasm domain with JANUS KINASES and requires the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA SUBUNIT for activity.

Proteins that are secreted into the blood in increased or decreased quantities by hepatocytes in response to trauma, inflammation, or disease. These proteins can serve as inhibitors or mediators of the inflammatory processes. Certain acute-phase proteins have been used to diagnose and follow the course of diseases or as tumor markers.

A classification of lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

An interleukin-1 receptor subtype that competes with the INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR TYPE I for binding to INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The interleukin-1 type II receptor appears to lack signal transduction capability. Therefore it may act as a "decoy" receptor that modulates the activity of its ligands. Both membrane-bound and soluble forms of the receptor have been identified.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Biologically active substances whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system.

Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. CD8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions.

A cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions that depend upon the cellular microenvironment. Oncostatin M is a 28 kDa monomeric glycoprotein that is similar in structure to LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR. Its name derives from the the observation that it inhibited the growth of tumor cells and augmented the growth of normal fibroblasts.

A family of pattern recognition receptors characterized by an extracellular leucine-rich domain and a cytoplasmic domain that share homology with the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR and the DROSOPHILA toll protein. Following pathogen recognition, toll-like receptors recruit and activate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS.

Culture media containing biologically active components obtained from previously cultured cells or tissues that have released into the media substances affecting certain cell functions (e.g., growth, lysis).

Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

Cell surface receptors that bind TUMOR NECROSIS FACTORS and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells.

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Reactive oxygen intermediate-dependent NF-kappaB activation by interleukin-1beta requires 5-lipoxygenase or NADPH oxidase activity. (1/9413)

We previously reported that the role of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) in NF-kappaB activation by proinflammatory cytokines was cell specific. However, the sources for ROIs in various cell types are yet to be determined and might include 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and NADPH oxidase. 5-LOX and 5-LOX activating protein (FLAP) are coexpressed in lymphoid cells but not in monocytic or epithelial cells. Stimulation of lymphoid cells with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) led to ROI production and NF-kappaB activation, which could both be blocked by antioxidants or FLAP inhibitors, confirming that 5-LOX was the source of ROIs and was required for NF-kappaB activation in these cells. IL-1beta stimulation of epithelial cells did not generate any ROIs and NF-kappaB induction was not influenced by 5-LOX inhibitors. However, reintroduction of a functional 5-LOX system in these cells allowed ROI production and 5-LOX-dependent NF-kappaB activation. In monocytic cells, IL-1beta treatment led to a production of ROIs which is independent of the 5-LOX enzyme but requires the NADPH oxidase activity. This pathway involves the Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases, two enzymes which are not required for NF-kappaB activation by IL-1beta in epithelial cells. In conclusion, three different cell-specific pathways lead to NF-kappaB activation by IL-1beta: a pathway dependent on ROI production by 5-LOX in lymphoid cells, an ROI- and 5-LOX-independent pathway in epithelial cells, and a pathway requiring ROI production by NADPH oxidase in monocytic cells. (+info)

Synergistic activation of JNK/SAPK by interleukin-1 and platelet-derived growth factor is independent of Rac and Cdc42. (2/9413)

The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are activated strongly by inflammatory cytokines and environmental stresses, but only weakly by growth factors. Here we show that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) strongly potentiates activation of JNK by interleukin 1 (IL-1) in human fibroblasts and a pig aortic endothelial (PAE) cell line. This synergistic activation of JNK by IL-1 and PDGF was unaffected by bacterial toxins that inactivate Rho proteins and Ras. Since Rho proteins have been implicated in JNK activation, their possible involvement was investigated further using stably expressed, inducible N17 or V12 mutants in PAE cell lines. N17 Rac non-selectively reduced JNK activity by 30% in resting or stimulated cells (IL-1 alone, or with PDGF). N17 Cdc42 had no effect. V12 Rac weakly activated JNK and synergized with IL-1, but not with PDGF. V12 Cdc42 weakly activated JNK, but synergized with PDGF and not IL-1. Our results imply that Rho GTPases are not directly involved in mediating IL-1-induced JNK activation, or in the potentiation of this activation by PDGF. (+info)

Involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta in enhancement of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures caused by Shigella dysenteriae. (3/9413)

Neurologic manifestations, mainly convulsions, are the most frequent extraintestinal complications of shigellosis. We used an animal model to study the roles of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) in Shigella-related seizures. Administration of Shigella dysenteriae 60R sonicate enhanced the sensitivity of mice to the proconvulsant pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) within 7 h. This was indicated by a significantly higher mean convulsion score and an increased number of mice responding with clonic-tonic seizures in the Shigella-pretreated group. Preinjection of mice with anti-murine TNF-alpha (anti-mTNF-alpha) or anti-murine IL-1beta (anti-mIL-1beta) 30 min prior to administration of Shigella sonicate abolished their enhanced response to PTZ at 7 h. Mean convulsion scores were reduced by anti-mTNF-alpha from 1.2 to 0.8 (P = 0.017) and by anti-mIL-1beta from 1.3 to 0.7 (P = 0.008). Preinjection of anti-mTNF-alpha also reduced the percentage of mice responding with clonic-tonic seizures, from 48 to 29% (P = 0.002), and preinjection of anti-mIL-1beta reduced it from 53 to 21% (P = 0. 012). Neutralization of TNF-alpha or IL-1beta did not protect the mice from death due to S. dysenteriae 60R. These findings indicate that TNF-alpha and IL-1beta play a role in the very early sensitization of the central nervous system to convulsive activity after S. dysenteriae administration. Similar mechanisms may trigger neurologic disturbances in other infectious diseases. (+info)

Emergent immunoregulatory properties of combined glucocorticoid and anti-glucocorticoid steroids in a model of tuberculosis. (4/9413)

In Balb/c mice with pulmonary tuberculosis, there is a switch from a protective Th1-dominated cytokine profile to a non-protective profile with a Th2 component. This switch occurs while the adrenals are undergoing marked hyperplasia. Treatment with the anti-glucocorticoid hormones dehydroepiandrosterone or 3 beta, 17 beta-androstenediol, during the period of adrenal hyperplasia, maintains Th1 dominance and is protective. We investigated the effects of these hormones as therapeutic agents by administering them from day 60, when the switch to the non-protective cytokine profile was already well established. Given at this time (day 60), doses that were protective when given early (from day 0) were rapidly fatal. A physiological dose of the glucocorticoid corticosterone was also rapidly fatal. However when the corticosterone and the anti-glucocorticoid (AED or DHEA) were co-administered, there was protection, with restoration of a Th1-dominated cytokine profile, enhanced DTH responses, and enhanced expression of IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha. Therefore this combination of steroids has an emergent property that is quite unlike that of either type of steroid given alone. It may be possible to exploit the ant-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids while preserving a Th1 bias, by combining glucocorticoids with DHEA or suitable metabolites. (+info)

Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta production by nitric oxide-treated chondrocytes: implications for matrix synthesis. (5/9413)

OBJECTIVE: Nitric oxide (NO) is generated copiously by articular chondrocytes activated by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). If NO production is blocked, much of the IL-1beta inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis is prevented. We tested the hypothesis that this inhibitory effect of NO on proteoglycan synthesis is secondary to changes in chondrocyte transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). METHODS: Monolayer, primary cultures of lapine articular chondrocytes and cartilage slices were studied. NO production was determined as nitrite accumulation in the medium. TGFbeta bioactivity in chondrocyte- and cartilage-conditioned medium (CM) was measured with the mink lung epithelial cell bioassay. Proteoglycan synthesis was measured as the incorporation of 35S-sodium sulfate into macromolecules separated from unincorporated label by gel filtration on PD-10 columns. RESULTS: IL-1beta increased active TGFbeta in chondrocyte CM by 12 hours; by 24 hours, significant increases in both active and latent TGFbeta were detectable. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMA) potentiated the increase in total TGFbeta without affecting the early TGFbeta activation. IL-1beta stimulated a NO-independent, transient increase in TGFbeta3 at 24 hours; however, TGFbeta1 was not changed. When NO synthesis was inhibited with L-NMA, IL-1beta increased CM concentrations of TGFbeta1 from 24-72 hours of culture. L-arginine (10 mM) reversed the inhibitory effect of L-NMA on NO production and blocked the increases in TGFbeta1. Anti-TGFbeta1 antibody prevented the restoration of proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes exposed to IL-1beta + L-NMA, confirming that NO inhibition of TGFbeta1 in IL-1beta-treated chondrocytes effected, in part, the decreased proteoglycan synthesis. Furthermore, the increase in TGFbeta and proteoglycan synthesis seen with L-NMA was reversed by the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamide. Similar results were seen with cartilage slices in organ culture. The autocrine increase in CM TGFbeta1 levels following prior exposure to TGFbeta1 was also blocked by NO. CONCLUSION: NO can modulate proteoglycan synthesis indirectly by decreasing the production of TGFbeta1 by chondrocytes exposed to IL-1beta. It prevents autocrine-stimulated increases in TGFbeta1, thus potentially diminishing the anabolic effects of this cytokine in chondrocytes. (+info)

Expression of both P1 and P2 purine receptor genes by human articular chondrocytes and profile of ligand-mediated prostaglandin E2 release. (6/9413)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression and function of purine receptors in articular chondrocytes. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to screen human chondrocyte RNA for expression of P1 and P2 purine receptor subtypes. Purine-stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from chondrocytes, untreated or treated with recombinant human interleukin-1alpha (rHuIL-1alpha), was assessed by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: RT-PCR demonstrated that human articular chondrocytes transcribe messenger RNA for the P1 receptor subtypes A2a and A2b and the P2 receptor subtype P2Y2, but not for the P1 receptor subtypes A1 and A3. The P1 receptor agonists adenosine and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine did not change PGE2 release from chondrocytes. The P2Y2 agonists ATP and UTP stimulated a small release of PGE2 that was potentiated after pretreatment with rHuIL-1alpha. PGE2 release in response to ATP and UTP cotreatment was not additive, but release in response to coaddition of ATP and bradykinin (BK) or UTP and BK was additive, consistent with ATP and UTP competition for the same receptor site. The potentiation of PGE2 release in response to ATP and UTP after rHuIL-1alpha pretreatment was mimicked by phorbol myristate acetate. CONCLUSION: Human chondrocytes express both P1 and P2 purine receptor subtypes. The function of the P1 receptor subtype is not yet known, but stimulation of the P2Y2 receptor increases IL-1-mediated PGE2 release. (+info)

Effects of lipopolysaccharide on production of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 by bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro. (7/9413)

This investigation was performed to determine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on production of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 by bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro. After confluence, the cells were stimulated with LPS (0.1, 1.0 or 10 micrograms/ml) for 4, 8, 24, and 48 hr. LPS increased production of both IL-1 and IL-6 production from mammary cells in a dose dependent manner. The expression of mRNA for IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was demonstrated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in bovine mammary epithelial cells. (+info)

Mechanisms of prostaglandin E2 release by intact cells expressing cyclooxygenase-2: evidence for a 'two-component' model. (8/9413)

Prostaglandin (PG) release in cells expressing constitutive cyclooxygenase-1 is known to be regulated by liberation of arachidonic acid by phospholipase A2 followed by metabolism by cyclooxygenase. However, the relative contribution of phospholipase A2 to the release of PGs in cells expressing cyclooxygenase-2 is not clear. We addressed this question by using radioimmunoassay to measure PGE2 release by human cells (A549) induced to express cyclooxygenase-2 (measured by Western blot analysis) by interleukin-1beta. Cells were either unstimulated or stimulated with agents known to activate phospholipase A2 (bradykinin, Des-Arg10-kallidin, or the calcium ionophore A23187) or treated with exogenous arachidonic acid. When cells were treated to express cyclooxygenase-2, the levels of PGE2 released over 15 min were undetectable; however, in the same cells stimulated with bradykinin, A23187, or arachidonic acid, large amounts of prostanoid were produced. Using selective inhibitors/antagonists, we found that the effects of bradykinin were mediated by B2 receptor activation and that prostanoid release was due to cyclooxygenase-2, and not cyclooxygenase-1, activity. In addition, we show that the release of PGE2 stimulated by either bradykinin, A23187, or arachidonic acid was inhibited by the phospholipase A2 inhibitor arachidonate trifluoromethyl ketone. Hence, we have demonstrated that PGE2 is released by two components: induction of cyclooxygenase-2 and supply of substrate, probably via activation of phospholipase A2. This is illustrated in A549 cells by a clear synergy between the cytokine interleukin-1beta and the kinin bradykinin. (+info)

Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) also known as hematopoietin 1 is a cytokine of the interleukin 1 family that in humans is ... In general, Interleukin 1 is responsible for the production of inflammation, as well as the promotion of fever and sepsis. IL-1 ... Interleukin 1 was discovered by Gery in 1972. He named it lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) because it was a lymphocyte ... Hu B, Wang S, Zhang Y, Feghali CA, Dingman JR, Wright TM (Aug 2003). "A nuclear target for interleukin-1alpha: interaction with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_1-alpha

... (IL-1R) is a cytokine receptor which binds interleukin 1. Two forms of the receptor exist. The type I ... Receptors,+Interleukin-1 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e (Articles with short ... Arend WP (1991). "Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. A new member of the interleukin 1 family". J. Clin. Invest. 88 (5): 1445- ... Wesche H, Korherr C, Kracht M, Falk W, Resch K, Martin MU (March 1997). "The interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-1_receptor

"IL37 interleukin 37 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-08-31. "IL1F10 interleukin 1 ... Liu N, Li X, Liu C, Zhao Y, Cui B, Ning G (April 2010). "The association of interleukin-1alpha and interleukin-1beta ... "Interleukins and interleukin receptors - HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee". www.genenames.org. Archived from the original on 15 ... Yoshimoto T, Okamura H, Tagawa YI, Iwakura Y, Nakanishi K (April 1997). "Interleukin 18 together with interleukin 12 inhibits ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-1_family

... interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of the otitis media with effusion". European Cytokine Network. 13 (2): 161- ... There are two genes for interleukin-1 (IL-1): IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta (this gene). IL-1β precursor is cleaved by cytosolic ... "Entrez Gene: IL1B interleukin 1, beta". Sutton, Caroline E.; Lalor, Stephen J.; Sweeney, Cheryl M.; Brereton, Corinna F.; ... This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. IL-1β, in combination with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_1_beta

... preventing IL-1's from sending a signal to that cell. IL-1RA is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. IL1Ra is ... The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1RN gene. IL-1RA was initially ... "Entrez Gene: IL1RN interleukin 1 receptor antagonist". Langdahl BL, Løkke E, Carstens M, Stenkjaer LL, Eriksen EF (March 2000 ... IL-1RA is an agent that binds non-productively to the cell surface interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), the same receptor that binds ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor_antagonist

The term interleukin-1 includes IL-1α, IL-1β and Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). IL-1Rs are involved in immune host ... There are four main groups of TIR domain-containing proteins in animals; Toll-like receptors, Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), ... Martin MU, Wesche H (November 2002). "Summary and comparison of the signaling mechanisms of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor ... Members of the very wide interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family are characterized by extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-1_receptor_family

"Entrez Gene: IL1R1 interleukin 1 receptor, type I". Reddy, S A; Huang J H; Liao W S (November 1997). "Phosphatidylinositol 3- ... 1989). "Cloning the interleukin 1 receptor from human T cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (22): 8946-50. Bibcode: ... Interleukin 1 receptor, type I has been shown to interact with PIK3R1, Myd88 and IL1RAP. Cluster of differentiation Interleukin ... Interleukin 1 receptor, type I (IL1R1) also known as CD121a (Cluster of Differentiation 121a), is an interleukin receptor. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor,_type_I

"Interleukin-13 and interleukin-4 act as interleukin-6 inducers in human microglial cells". Cytokine. 8 (8): 636-41. doi:10.1006 ... Interleukin 4 (IL4) is reported to antagonize the activity of interleukin 1 by inducing the expression and release of this ... "Entrez Gene: IL1R2 interleukin 1 receptor, type II". McMahan CJ, Slack JL, Mosley B, Cosman D, Lupton SD, Brunton LL, Grubin CE ... Interleukin 1 receptor, type II (IL-1R2) also known as CD121b (Cluster of Differentiation 121b) is an interleukin receptor. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor,_type_II

2005). "Characterization of the interaction between interleukin-13 and interleukin-13 receptors". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (26): ... Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1, also known as IL13RA1 and CD213A1 (cluster of differentiation 213A1), is a human gene. The ... "Entrez Gene: IL13RA1 interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1". Kornau HC, Schenker LT, Kennedy MB, Seeburg PH (1995). "Domain ... Interleukin-13 receptor GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000131724 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_13_receptor,_alpha_1

Interleukin 1 is a cytokine that acts locally and systemically in the innate immune system. IL-1a and IL-1ß are known for ... The interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) associated kinase (IRAK) family plays a crucial role in the protective response to pathogens ... Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Suzuki, N., ... TLRs and IL-1R members have a highly conserved amino acid sequence in their cytoplasmic domain called the Toll/Interleukin-1 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-1_receptor_associated_kinase

1998). "Interleukin-12 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of an 85-kDa protein associated with the interleukin-12 receptor beta 1 ... "Genetic variations in the interleukin-12/interleukin-23 receptor (beta1) chain, and implications for IL-12 and IL-23 receptor ... Interleukin-12 receptor, beta 1, or IL-12Rβ1 in short, is a subunit of the interleukin 12 receptor. IL12RB1, is the name of its ... 1995). "Mouse interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 homodimer: a potent IL-12 antagonist". Eur. J. Immunol. 25 (1): 200-6. doi:10.1002/eji ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_12_receptor,_beta_1_subunit

Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) has a total of five alleles, of those the (IL1RN*1) and (IL1RN*2) are the most common ... Deficiency of the interleukin-1-receptor antagonist (DIRA) is an autosomal recessive, genetic autoinflammatory syndrome ... The mutations result in an abnormal protein that is not secreted, exposing the cells to unopposed interleukin 1 activity. This ... The mechanism of deficiency of the interleukin-1-receptor antagonist affects the normal function of IL1RN gene. The protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deficiency_of_the_interleukin-1–receptor_antagonist

The toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) homology domain is an intracellular signaling domain found in MyD88, SARM1, interleukin-1 ... Essuman K, Summers DW, Sasaki Y, Mao X, DiAntonio A, Milbrandt J (March 2017). "The SARM1 Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor Domain ... Interleukin-1 receptor InterPro: IPR004075 IL18R1; IL18RAP; IL1R1; IL1RAP; IL1RAPL1; IL1RAPL2; IL1RL1; IL1RL2; MYD88; SIGIRR; ... March 1996). "T1/ST2 signaling establishes it as a member of an expanding interleukin-1 receptor family". The Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-interleukin_receptor

... (IL-38) is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family and the interleukin-36 (IL-36) subfamily. It is important ... Jung, MY; Kang, SW; Kim, SK; Kim, H-J; Yun, DH; Yim, S-V; Hong, SJ; Chung, J-H (2010-02-09). "The interleukin-1 family gene ... Yuan, X. L.; Li, Y.; Pan, X. H.; Zhou, M.; Gao, Q. Y.; Li, M. C. (May 2016). "Production of recombinant human interleukin-38 ... Also serum levels of IL-17 and interleukin-22 were lower in these mice what approves in vitro observation that IL-38 could ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-38

... (IL-36RA) is a member of the interleukin-36 family of cytokines. It was previously named ... "Entrez Gene: IL36RN interleukin 36 receptor antagonist". Towne, JE; Garka, KE; Renshaw, BR; Virca, GD; Sims, JE (2 April 2004 ... Mulero JJ, Pace AM, Nelken ST, Loeb DB, Correa TR, Drmanac R, Ford JE (Nov 1999). "IL1HY1: A novel interleukin-1 receptor ... Smith DE, Renshaw BR, Ketchem RR, Kubin M, Garka KE, Sims JE (Feb 2000). "Four new members expand the interleukin-1 superfamily ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_36_receptor_antagonist

"IL36B interleukin 36 beta [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-09-09. "IL36G interleukin ... Interleukin 36, or IL-36, is a group of cytokines in the IL-1 family with pro-inflammatory effects. The role of IL-36 in ... "IL36A interleukin 36 alpha [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-09-09. " ... Towne, Jennifer E.; Garka, Kirsten E.; Renshaw, Blair R.; Virca, G. Duke; Sims, John E. (2004-04-02). "Interleukin (IL)-1F6, IL ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_36

They include: Interleukin-10 receptor Interleukin-20 receptor Interleukin-22 receptor Interleukin-28 receptor Interleukin-8 ... Interleukin-2 receptor Interleukin-3 receptor Interleukin-4 receptor Interleukin-5 receptor Interleukin-6 receptor Interleukin- ... 7 receptor Interleukin-9 receptor Interleukin-11 receptor Interleukin-12 receptor Interleukin-13 receptor Interleukin-15 ... receptor Interleukin-18 receptor Interleukin-21 receptor Interleukin-23 receptor Interleukin-27 receptor Type 2 interleukin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_receptor

... (IL-37), also known as Interleukin-1 family member 7 (IL-1F7), is an anti-inflammatory cytokine important for ... April 2018). "The Role, Involvement and Function(s) of Interleukin-35 and Interleukin-37 in Disease Pathogenesis". ... April 2002). "Interleukin-1F7B (IL-1H4/IL-1F7) is processed by caspase-1 and mature IL-1F7B binds to the IL-18 receptor but ... Wang L, Quan Y, Yue Y, Heng X, Che F (April 2018). "Interleukin-37: A crucial cytokine with multiple roles in disease and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_37

... a receptor subunit also shared by the receptors for interleukin 2 (IL2), interleukin 7 (IL7) and interleukin 15 (IL15). This ... 2004). "Expression of interleukin-21 receptor, but not interleukin-21, in synovial fibroblasts and synovial macrophages of ... Interleukin 21 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. IL21R is its human gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine ... 2005). "Interleukin-21 receptor gene induction in human T cells is mediated by T-cell receptor-induced Sp1 activity". Mol. Cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-21_receptor

... (IL-24) is a protein in the interleukin family, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system. In ... This interleukin is also known as melanoma differentiation-associated 7 (mda-7) due to its discovery as a tumour suppressing ... March 2016). "The interleukin-20 receptor axis in early rheumatoid arthritis: novel links between disease-associated ... Wang M, Tan Z, Zhang R, Kotenko SV, Liang P (March 2002). "Interleukin 24 (MDA-7/MOB-5) signals through two heterodimeric ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_24

Mudigonda P, Mudigonda T, Feneran AN, Alamdari HS, Sandoval L, Feldman SR (October 2012). "Interleukin-23 and interleukin-17: ... "Interleukin-23 promotes a distinct CD4 T cell activation state characterized by the production of interleukin-17". The Journal ... Interleukin 17 family (IL17 family) is a family of pro-inflammatory cystine knot cytokines. They are produced by a group of T ... IL-17 is unique in that it bears no resemblance to other known interleukins. Furthermore, IL-17 bears no resemblance to any ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_17

... is a subunit for the interleukin-10 receptor. IL10RA, is its human gene. IL10RA has also ... Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit has been shown to interact with: Interleukin 10 and Janus kinase 1. GRCh38: Ensembl ... "Entrez Gene: IL10RA interleukin 10 receptor, alpha". Ho AS, Liu Y, Khan TA, Hsu DH, Bazan JF, Moore KW (December 1993). "A ... Ho AS, Liu Y, Khan TA, Hsu DH, Bazan JF, Moore KW (1994). "A receptor for interleukin 10 is related to interferon receptors". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_10_receptor,_alpha_subunit

Moore KW, de Waal Malefyt R, Coffman RL, O'Garra A (2001). "Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor". Annual Review of ... Moore KW, de Waal Malefyt R, Coffman RL, O'Garra A (2001-01-01). "Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor". Annual ... Media related to Interferons or interleukin-10 (IL-10) at Wikimedia Commons Interleukin-10 at the US National Library of ... "Recombinant human interleukin 10 in the treatment of patients with mild to moderately active Crohn's disease. The Interleukin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_10

... , also known as IL-9, is a pleiotropic cytokine (cell signalling molecule) belonging to the group of interleukins ... Renauld J (1995). "Interleukin-9: Structural characteristics and biologic properties". Cytokines: Interleukins and Their ... Interleukin 33 (IL-33) induces IL-9 expression and secretion in T cells, which was confirmed by the results obtained in mice by ... Interleukin-9 has also shown to inhibit melanoma growth in mice. Additionally, it gives rise to the multiplication of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_9

... (IL-35) is a recently discovered anti-inflammatory cytokine from the IL-12 family. Member of IL-12 family - IL- ... June 2014). "Interleukin-35 induces regulatory B cells that suppress autoimmune disease". Nature Medicine. 20 (6): 633-41. doi: ... Devergne O, Hummel M, Koeppen H, Le Beau MM, Nathanson EC, Kieff E, Birkenbach M (February 1996). "A novel interleukin-12 p40- ... Compared to these two related interleukins, IL-35 is also able to signal through only one of the aforementioned chains. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_35

The interleukin 1 family consists of both pro and anti inflammatory mediators and there are 9 genes that encode different forms ... Yazdi, Amir S.; Ghoreschi, Kamran (2016). "The Interleukin-1 Family". Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 941: 21-29 ... Kornman, Kenneth S. (February 2006). "Interleukin 1 genetics, inflammatory mechanisms, and nutrigenetic opportunities to ... "Interleukin-6: Molecule in the Intersection of Cancer, Ageing and COVID-19". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammaging

"Effects of interleukin-1? And tumor necrosis factor-? On osteoblastic expression of osteocalcin and mineralized extracellular ... doi:10.1524/zkri.1976.144.1-6.76.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Taichman, R. S.; Hauschka, P ... googlebooks link Nanocoated film as a bacteria killer 23/1/2009, www.nanowerk.com Yi, Z.; Ye, J.; Kikugawa, N.; Kako, T.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_phosphate

IL-12B is a common subunit of interleukin 12 and Interleukin 23. This gene encodes a subunit of interleukin 12, a cytokine that ... Interleukin-12 p40 also serves as a subunit of Interleukin 23. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000113302 - Ensembl, May 2017 ... "The interleukin-12 and interleukin-12 receptor system in normal and transformed human B lymphocytes". Haematologica. 87 (4): ... "Human immunodeficiency virus gp120 inhibits interleukin-12 secretion by human monocytes: an indirect interleukin-10-mediated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-12_subunit_beta

August 2004). "The T-cell lymphokine interleukin-26 targets epithelial cells through the interleukin-20 receptor 1 and ... Interleukin-26 (IL-26) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL26 gene. IL-26 is the most recently identified member of ... Interleukin 26 (IL-26) is an inflammatory mediator and a driver of chronic inflammation due to its ability to act as a carrier ... "Entrez Gene: interleukin 26". Knappe A, Hör S, Wittmann S, Fickenscher H (April 2000). "Induction of a novel cellular homolog ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_26

"Genetic variations in the interleukin-12/interleukin-23 receptor (beta1) chain, and implications for IL-12 and IL-23 receptor ... Interleukin-23 subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL23A gene. IL-23 is produced by dendritic cells and ... Interleukin-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of an IL-12p40 subunit that is shared with IL-12 and the IL-23p19 subunit. ... "Entrez Gene: IL23A interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19". Parham C, Chirica M, Timans J, Vaisberg E, Travis M, Cheung J, et al. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_23_subunit_alpha

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_ischemia

"Fetal distress increases interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 and decreases tumour necrosis factor-alpha cord blood levels in ... 58 (24): 1-85. PMID 21254725. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2013. "The U.S. rate of C-section births continues ... An assisted delivery is used in about 1 in 8 births, and may be needed if either mother or infant appears to be at risk during ... 25 (1): 67-72. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1996.tb02515.x. PMID 8627405. Callister LC, Khalaf I, Semenic S, Kartchner R, et al. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

... interleukin 2, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor and colony-stimulating factor, can also enhance interferon production. By ... Interferon type II (IFN-γ in humans): This is also known as immune interferon and is activated by Interleukin-12. Type II ... However, the production of type I IFN-α is inhibited by another cytokine known as Interleukin-10. Once released, type I ... such as more interferons and interleukins, among others) that signal to and co-ordinate the activity of other immune cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

"Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1β Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Monocytes by Methanolic ... 189: plate I (1), figures 10-12 at right line drawings of Elephantopus scaber Jeffrey, C. 1988. Notes on Compositae: V. The ... 92 (1): 73-89. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.018. PMC 4212005. PMID 25083916. Abhimannue, Anu P.; Mohan, Mohind C.; B, Prakash ... 64 (1): 71-3. Jan-Feb 2002. Archived from the original on 2012-06-30. "Elephantopus scaber". Germplasm Resources Information ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephantopus_scaber

Kees UR, Ford J (February 1999). "Synergistic action of stem-cell factor and interleukin-7 in a human immature T-cell line". ... 9 (1): 1-9. doi:10.1016/0145-2126(85)90016-5. PMID 3857402. Tindle RW. Katz F. Martin H. Watt D. Catovsky D. Janossy G. Greaves ... 87 (1): 67-72. doi:10.1182/blood.V87.1.67.67. PMID 8547678. Hillier LD, Lennon G, Becker M, Bonaldo MF, Chiapelli B, Chissoe S ... 22 (1): 43-57. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2004.11.014. PMID 15664158. Strilić B, Kucera T, Eglinger J, Hughes MR, McNagny KM, Tsukita ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD34

Hobbs K, Negri J, Klinnert M, Rosenwasser LJ, Borish L (December 1998). "Interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta ... 5 (Suppl 1): S2. doi:10.1186/1752-0509-5-S1-S2. PMC 3121118. PMID 21689477. Shu J, Jelinek J, Chang H, Shen L, Qin T, Chung W, ... Figure 1 shows an enhancer looping around a gene's promoter. A connector protein dimer (e.g. CTCF or YY1) stabilizes the loop ... 16 (1): 6-21. doi:10.1101/gad.947102. PMID 11782440. Weingarten-Gabbay S, Nir R, Lubliner S, Sharon E, Kalma Y, Weinberger A, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promoter_(genetics)

Vincenz, C; Dixit V M (March 1997). "Fas-associated death domain protein interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme 2 (FLICE2), an ICE ... Vincenz C, Dixit VM (1997). "Fas-associated death domain protein interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme 2 (FLICE2), an ICE/Ced-3 ... 200 (1-2): 149-56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149. Hu S, Snipas SJ, Vincenz C, et al. (1998). "Caspase-14 is a ... J. 326 (Pt 1): 1-16. doi:10.1042/bj3260001. PMC 1218630. PMID 9337844. Clements GB, Klein G, Povey S (1975). "Production by EBV ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspase_10

... leading to tolerogenic interleukin 10 secretion, instead of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. In human, TLR6 is highly ... 90 (1): e12771. doi:10.1111/sji.12771. PMID 31054156. Ren C, Zhang Q, de Haan BJ, Zhang H, Faas MM, de Vos P (October 2016). " ... 30 (1 Suppl): S1-11. doi:10.1097/00003246-200201001-00001. PMID 11782555. Toll-Like+Receptor+6 at the US National Library of ... Unlike TLR2/1 heterodimer, which recognizes triacylated lipopeptides, the TLR2/6 heterodimer is known to be specific for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-like_receptor_6

During both chronic and acute phase sleep deprivation, there are increases in the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6 ... Observations have been made that there is an association between stress, sleep, and Interleukin-6 proposing a possible ... Rohleder, Nicolas; Aringer, Martin; Boentert, Matthias (2012). "Role of interleukin-6 in stress, sleep, and fatigue". Annals of ... 17 (1): 89-100. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00631.x. PMID 18275559. "Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep". Office of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_stress_and_sleep

Levels of interleukin 1B, interferon-gamma, interferon-inducible protein 10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were all ... The median delay for COVID-19 is four to five days possibly being infectious on 1-4 of those days. Most symptomatic people ... The production of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and interferon-gamma, all crucial components of normal immune responses, ... P.1, formerly called the Brazil variant), the Delta variant (B.1.617.2, formerly called the India variant), and the Omicron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

The Pathophysiologic Roles of Interleukin-6 in Humans. Ann. Intern. Med. 128:127-137. [8] Gold, P.W., Goodwin, F., Chrousos, G. ... Chrousos was the first general director of the Foundation of Biomedical Research of the Academy of Athens (2001-2002)[1]. He ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_P._Chrousos

Her research on interleukin-1β suggests that to fully understand the interactions between tumors, their environment, and immune ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dafna_Bar-Sagi

This location is close to several immune modulating genes including interleukins 3, 5, and 9 and granulocyte-macrophage colony ... 40 (1): 167-76. doi:10.1002/hep.20286. PMID 15239100. S2CID 23756011. Ito M, Nagata K, Yumoto F, et al. (2005). "1H, 13C, 15N ... 52 (1): 9-13. doi:10.1016/0165-2478(96)02572-2. PMID 8877413. Yamagoe S, Akasaka T, Uchida T, et al. (1997). "Expression of a ... 237 (1): 116-20. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7095. PMID 9266841. Yamagoe S, Mizuno S, Suzuki K (1998). "Molecular cloning of human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LECT2

"The N-terminus domain of the a2 isoform of vacuolar ATPase can regulate interleukin-1beta production from mononuclear cells in ... "Regeneration and tolerance factor modulates the effect of adenosine triphosphate-induced interleukin 1 beta secretion in human ... V-ATPase consists of a membrane peripheral V(1) domain for ATP hydrolysis, and an integral membrane V(0) domain for proton ... 40 (1): 32-34. doi:10.1038/ng.2007.45. PMID 18157129. S2CID 23318808. "Entrez Gene: ATP6V0A2 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP6V0A2

His identification of the cytokine Interleukin 13 and the subsequent unearthing of its central role in allergic asthma led to ... McKenzie, Andrew N.J.; Ely, Barry; Sanderson, Colin J. (1991). "Mutated interleukin-5 monomers are biologically inactive". ... 28 (1-2): 155-158. doi:10.1016/0161-5890(91)90099-6. ISSN 0161-5890. PMID 1901378. Anon (2017). "Dr Andrew McKenzie FMedSci FRS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_N._J._McKenzie

Unlike morphine, oxycodone lacks immunosuppressive activity (measured by natural killer cell activity and interleukin 2 ... ISBN 978-1-328-66379-5. Keefe PR (23 October 2017). "The Family That Built an Empire of Pain". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. ... 332-. ISBN 978-1-4496-1073-9. Chestnut DH, Wong CA, Tsen LC, Ngan Kee WD, Beilin YM, Mhyre J (28 February 2014). Chestnut's ... Retrieved 1 February 2016. Lalovic B, Kharasch E, Hoffer C, Risler L, Liu-Chen LY, Shen DD (May 2006). "Pharmacokinetics and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxycodone

Tissue remodeling during type-2 immune response is based on cytokine interleukin (IL)-13. This interleukin is produced mainly ... In the intestine, tuft cells are the sole source of secreted interleukin 25 (IL-25). ATOH1 is required for tuft cell ... A specific marker of intestinal tuft cells is microtubule kinase - Double cortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1). Tuft cells that are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuft_cell

... is thought to suppress organ rejection by halting the production of the pro-inflammatory molecules TNF alpha and interleukin 2 ... 289 (1): R68-76. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00844.2004. PMID 15718386. S2CID 8352110. Konràd C, Kiss G, Töröcsik B, et al. (March 2011 ... 24 November 1994). "Functional association of cyclophilin A with HIV-1 virions". Nature. 372 (6504): 363-365. doi:10.1038/ ... Cyclophilin A is also known to be recruited by the Gag polyprotein during HIV-1 virus infection, and its incorporation into new ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclophilin

Wesche H, Gao X, Li X, Kirschning CJ, Stark GR, Cao Z (July 1999). "IRAK-M is a novel member of the Pelle/interleukin-1 ... Wesche H, Gao X, Li X, Kirschning CJ, Stark GR, Cao Z (July 1999). "IRAK-M is a novel member of the Pelle/interleukin-1 ... Chen BC, Wu WT, Ho FM, Lin WW (July 2002). "Inhibition of interleukin-1beta -induced NF-kappa B activation by calcium/ ... Myd88 has been shown to interact with: IRAK1 IRAK2 Interleukin 1 receptor, type I RAC1 TLR 4 Various single nucleotide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYD88

... associations and interaction with the interleukin-1alpha-889 C/T polymorphism". Hum. Immunol. 65 (6): 622-31. doi:10.1016/j. ... In type 1 diabetes both DR3 and DQ2 appear to play a role. DR3-DQ2.5 can be established to other genes like TNF-305A (TNF2) ... Type 1 diabetes has a risk associated with coxsackie 4B virus, there is a potential for involvement of class I loci, ... 60 (1): 1-18. doi:10.1007/s00251-007-0262-2. PMC 2206249. PMID 18193213. Rocca P, Codes L, Chevallier M, Trépo C, Zoulim F ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA_A1-B8-DR3-DQ2

Interleukin-25 (IL-25) - also known as interleukin-17E (IL-17E) - is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL25 gene on ... "Entrez Gene: IL25 interleukin 25". Moseley TA, Haudenschild DR, Rose L, Reddi AH (April 2003). "Interleukin-17 family and IL-17 ... "Interleukin-17B Antagonizes Interleukin-25-Mediated Mucosal Inflammation". Immunity. 42 (4): 692-703. doi:10.1016/j.immuni. ... Identification of an interleukin (IL)-25-dependent cell population that provides IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 at the onset of helminth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_25

... is an interleukin, a type of biological signal (cytokine) that can improve the body's natural response to disease ... Tabira T, Chui DH, Fan JP, Shirabe T, Konishi Y (1998). "Interleukin-3 and interleukin-3 receptors in the brain". Ann. N. Y. ... Interleukin 3 has been shown to interact with IL3RA. Interleukin GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000164399 - Ensembl, May ... interleukin-3 (IL-3), and interleukin-5 (IL-5) receptor complexes to chromosome 22q13.1". Human Genetics. 93 (2): 198-200. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_3

"The interleukin-1 genotype as a severity factor in adult periodontal disease". Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 24 (1): 72- ... 1 (5): 353. doi:10.1093/hmg/1.5.353. PMID 1363876. Wilson, A. G.; Symons, J. A.; McDowell, T. L.; McDevitt, H. O.; Duff, G. W ... Since 1 July 2015, he has also been the Chair of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). In 1969, ... p. 1. "Drug trial safety expert knighted". BBC News. 29 December 2006. Retrieved 20 March 2018. "Fellow - Sir Gordon Duff FRSE ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Duff

... and interleukin, increase. TH2-type lymphocytes are activated, with an increase in T cells expressing CD25 (IL-2R), and B cells ... 38 (1): 118-131. doi:10.3810/psm.2010.04.1769. PMID 20424409. S2CID 5761664. Parsons, Jonathan P.; Hallstrand, Teal S.; ... 1 May 2013). "An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline: Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoconstriction

"Interleukin 6 and cortisol in acute musculoskeletal disorders: Results from a case-referent study in Sweden". Stress Medicine. ... doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0428-7_9 Ettner, S.L., Maclean, J.C., & French, M.T. (2011). Does having a dysfunctional personality ... 1, pp. 148-180). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kasl, S.V., & Cobb, S. (1970). Blood pressure changes in men undergoing job ... Psychosomatic Medicine, 32(1), 19-38. Kelloway, E.K., Barling, J., & Hurrell, J.J., Jr. (Eds.) (2006). Handbook of workplace ...

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INPP5D

PRRs commonly associate with or contain members of a monophyletic group of kinases called the interleukin-1 receptor-associated ... 91 (1): 36-47. doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.01.011. PMID 21481967. Satoh T, Kato H, Kumagai Y, Yoneyama M, Sato S, Matsushita K, et ... 6 (1): 9-20. doi:10.1038/nri1747. PMID 16493424. S2CID 33505741. Burberry A, Zeng MY, Ding L, Wicks I, Inohara N, Morrison SJ, ... 115 (1): 33-37. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2005.02.007. PMID 15870018. Strober W, Murray PJ, Kitani A, Watanabe T (January 2006). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_receptor

... interleukin-6 and interferon gamma in human thyroid tissue". Immunol. Lett. 80 (1): 3-7. doi:10.1016/S0165-2478(01)00301-7. ... 172 (1-2): 169-175. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00368-3. PMID 11165050. S2CID 19110385. Imai Y, Toyoda N, Maeda A, et al. (2002 ... 141 (1): 229-237. doi:10.1210/en.141.1.229. PMID 10614643. Baqui MM, Gereben B, Harney JW, et al. (2000). "Distinct subcellular ... 236 (1): 107-113. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474. Salvatore D, Tu H, Harney JW, Larsen PR (1996). "Type 2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIO2

... interleukin-8 (IL-8), complement components C3a and C5a, split tyrosyl tRNA synthetase (mini TyrRS), dimerized ribosomal ... It has also been suggested that S1P kinase 2 (SphK2) is a target of caspase 1, and that a cleaved fragment of SphK2 is what is ... Identified in breast cancer cells, this find-me signals is released by MCF-7 cells to attract the THP-1 monocytes. Other cells ... Sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine kinase 2 have been linked to S1P generation during apoptosis through different pathways. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find-me_signals

Serum interleukins and urinary microglobulin in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome Rizk, M.K.; El Nawawy, A.; Abdel ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/browse?authority=Interleukin-1&type=mesh

Serum interleukins and urinary microglobulin in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome Rizk, M.K.; El Nawawy, A.; Abdel ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=en&type=mesh&authority=Interleukin-1

JADAS Juvenile Disease Activity Score, ETA etanercept, TOC tocilizumab, IL-li interleukin-1 inhibitor. aData are given as ... Experience With Etanercept, Tocilizumab and Interleukin-1 Inhibitors in Systemic Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients ... Gerd Horneff1*, Anna Carina Schulz1, Jens Klotsche2, Anton Hospach3, Kirsten Minden2, Ivan Foeldvari4, Ralf Trauzeddel5, Gerd ... 1. 0.01 (0.00-0.06). 3.0 (0.2-48.7) p , 0.05. elevated Transaminases. 8. 0.02 (0.01-0.45). 4. 0.04 (0.01-0.10). 1.6 (0.5-5.3) p ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/890288_5

Interleukin-11 Receptor Subunit Alpha-1 is Required for Maximal Airway Responsiveness to Methacholine After Acute Exposure to ... Interleukin-11 receptor subunit alpha-1 is required for maximal airway responsiveness to methacholine after acute exposure to ... Interleukin (IL)-11, a pleiotropic, cationic cytokine, contributes to numerous biological processes, including adipogenesis, ... BAL adiponectin, ciliated epithelial cells, hyaluronan, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/data/datasets/rd-1047-2022-0/default.html

1 type 1 receptor (IL-1R1). IL-1R1 knockout (KO) mice displayed intact anorexia and HPA-axis activation to intraperitoneally ... were examined in mice with deletion of the interleukin (IL)- ... were examined in mice with deletion of the interleukin (IL)-1 ... Involvement of interleukin-1 type 1 receptors in lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness responses Brain Behav Immun. 2017 Nov;66: ... Takashi Matsuwaki 1 , Kiseko Shionoya 2 , Robert Ihnatko 2 , Anna Eskilsson 2 , Shigeru Kakuta 3 , Sylvie Dufour 4 , Markus ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28655587/

Constitutive and interleukin-1-inducible phosphorylation of p65 NF-{kappa}B at serine 536 is mediated by multiple protein ... Lipopolysaccharide-mediated reactive oxygen species and signal transduction in the regulation of interleukin-1 gene expression. ... and an unknown kinase and couples p65 to TATA-binding protein-associated factor II31-mediated interleukin-8 transcription.. 131 ... The balance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra in disease.. 183. 19805069. 2009. Cell surface-bound IL-1alpha is an upstream regulator of ...

https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/40949/il1a-

Recombinant IL 1 alpha Rhesus Macaque produced in E.coli cells is a non-glycosylated, homodimeric protein containing 159 amino ... Recombinant IL 1 alpha Rhesus Macaque produced in E.coli cells is a non-glycosylated, homodimeric protein containing 159 amino ... Lyophilized IL 1 alpha although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon ... IL-1 alpha is produced by activated macrophages, stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing il-2 release, b-cell maturation ...

https://www.prospecbio.com/il_1_alpha_rhesus_macaque

Recombinant Macaca mulatta Interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A) from Cusabio. Cat Number: CSB-YP011613MOW. USA, UK & Europe Distribution. ... Recombinant Macaca mulatta Interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A) , CSB-YP011613MOW. (No reviews yet) Write a Review Write a Review. ... Recombinant Macaca mulatta Interleukin-15 (IL15) , CSB-YP011593MOW , CusabioAlternative Name(s): IL15; Interleukin-15; IL- ... Recombinant Macaca mulatta Interleukin-15 (IL15) , CSB-YP011593MOW , CusabioAlternative Name(s): IL15; Interleukin-15; IL- ...

https://joplink.net/recombinant-macaca-mulatta-interleukin-1-alpha-il1a-csb-yp011613mow/

Characterization of kinin receptors on human synovial cells and upregulation of receptor number by interleukin-1. Download ... AutoradiographyBinding SitesBradykininHumansInterleukin-1KininsReceptors, BradykininReceptors, NeurotransmitterSynovial ... "Characterization of Kinin Receptors On Human Synovial Cells and Upregulation of Receptor Number By Interleukin-1." The Journal ... Characterization of kinin receptors on human synovial cells and upregulation of receptor number by interleukin-1. J Pharmacol ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/1309881/Characterization_of_kinin_receptors_on_human_synovial_cells_and_upregulation_of_receptor_number_by_interleukin_1_

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are potent immunomodulators and proinflammatory cytokines that have ... Keywords: localized aggressive periodontitis, interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, genetic polymorphisms ... Our aim was to investigate IL-1 α +4845, IL-1 β +3954, and TNF-α -308 gene polymorphisms in Turkish LAgP patients. We genotyped ... Moreover, IL-1 gene polymorphisms appear to have a role in susceptibility to LAgP, and the above-mentioned genotypes could be ...

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/josnusd/50/2/50_2_151/_article

Treatment was suspended for loss of efficacy only in one case (1/4, 25%). Conclusions: This is the largest retrospective ... Interleukin (IL)-1 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Adult onset Stills disease (AOSD).Objectives: To evaluate the ... Interleukin (IL)-1 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Adult onset Stills disease (AOSD). Objectives: To evaluate the ... of the ANA-treated and in 1 (25%) of the CAN-treated groups. Methotrexate (MTX) was the most frequent disease modifying anti- ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2017.00369/full

Interleukin-1, immune activation pathways, and different mechanisms in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. ... Interleukin-1, immune activation pathways, and different mechanisms in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. ...

https://ard.bmj.com/content/50/6/395?ijkey=96d062789d7c1fc53e9be375fc40a2029b1020a6&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

The role of PU.1 was examined in PU.1-overexpressed B16-BL6 cells, which responded to LPS and expressed IL-1β mRNA and eRNAs. ... IL-1β is a potent inflammatory cytokine promptly expressed in activated myeloid cells. PU.1 is a lineage-determining ... This study addresses the functional importance of a potential enhancer of IL-1β, and how PU.1 regulates its activity state. A ... Enhancer knock-out by CRISPR-Cas9 reduced IL-1β expression, supporting its identity as an enhancer. 3C analysis showed that ...

https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5581/

Monoclonal Antibody to Interleukin 1 Beta (IL1b) from Cloud-Clone. Cat#: MAA563Hu21. Online Order. ... Monoclonal Antibody to Interleukin 1 Beta (IL1b) , MAA563Hu21. (No reviews yet) Write a Review Write a Review. ... ELISA Kit for Interleukin 18 (IL18) , SEA064Hu , Cloud-CloneDescription: ELISA Kit for detection of Human Interleukin 18 (IL18 ... Recombinant Interleukin 18 (IL18) , RPA064Hu01 , Cloud-CloneDescription: A recombinant Interleukin 18 that can be used as/in: ...

https://proteomecommons.org/monoclonal-antibody-to-interleukin-1-beta-il1b-maa563hu21/

Expression of interleukin 1β and interleukin 1β converting enzyme by intestinal macrophages in health and inflammatory bowel ... Expression of interleukin 1β and interleukin 1β converting enzyme by intestinal macrophages in health and inflammatory bowel ... Expression of interleukin 1β and interleukin 1β converting enzyme by intestinal macrophages in health and inflammatory bowel ...

https://gut.bmj.com/content/42/2/214.share

4992 - A first-in-class, first-in-human phase I/IIa trial of CAN04, targeting Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein (IL1RAP ... A. Awada1, F.A.L.M. Eskens2, D.G. Robbrecht2, U.N. Lassen3, M. Sorensen3, J.H.M. Schellens4, J.S. de Groot4, C. Jungels1, P.G. ... CAN04 binds to IL1RAP with high affinity in a manner that blocks signal transduction from IL-1 and IL-33 into the cells. ... CAN04 is a first-in-class fully humanized monoclonal antibody targeting IL1RAP, a co-receptor for the IL-1 receptor which is ...

https://oncologypro.esmo.org/meeting-resources/esmo-2018-congress/a-first-in-class-first-in-human-phase-i-iia-trial-of-can04-targeting-interleukin-1-receptor-accessory-protein-il1rap-in-patients-with-solid-tu

Examining impact of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on fluoxetine efficacy in a preclinical rodent model of postpartum ... Examining impact of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on fluoxetine efficacy in a preclinical rodent model of postpartum ... Anakinra competitively binds to the IL-1 receptor to block IL-1β activity. Our results indicate anakinra treatment has mixed ... Anakinra competitively binds to the IL-1 receptor to block IL-1β activity. Our results indicate anakinra treatment has mixed ...

https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0400894

Modelling of fish interleukin-1 and its receptor. In: Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 2004 ; Vol. 28, No. 5. pp. 429- ... Modelling of fish interleukin-1 and its receptor. Giuseppe Scapigliati, Susan Costantini, Giovanni Colonna, Angelo Facchiano, ... Modelling of fish interleukin-1 and its receptor. / Scapigliati, Giuseppe; Costantini, Susan; Colonna, Giovanni et al. ... Dive into the research topics of Modelling of fish interleukin-1 and its receptor. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/modelling-of-fish-interleukin-1-and-its-receptor

Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in human astrocytes by interleukin-1β and interferon-γ. / Lee, Sunhee C.; Dickson, ... Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in human astrocytes by interleukin-1β and interferon-γ. Journal of neuroimmunology ... Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in human astrocytes by interleukin-1β and interferon-γ. In: Journal of ... Dive into the research topics of Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in human astrocytes by interleukin-1β and ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/induction-of-nitric-oxide-synthase-activity-in-human-astrocytes-b

PC Project 2003-2020. All rights reserved. Pachyonychia Congenita Project is a 501(c)(3) under federal tax guidelines. Using this site means you accept its terms as outlined in the disclaimer and privacy policy.. ...

https://www.pachyonychia.org/articles/interleukin-1-induces-transcription-of-keratin-k6-in-human-epidermal-keratinocytes/

Wang, P., Guan, P. P., Wang, T., Yu, X., Guo, J. J., Konstantopoulos, K., & Wang, Z. Y. (2014). Interleukin-1β and cyclic AMP ... Wang, P, Guan, PP, Wang, T, Yu, X, Guo, JJ, Konstantopoulos, K & Wang, ZY 2014, Interleukin-1β and cyclic AMP mediate the ... Interleukin-1β and cyclic AMP mediate the invasion of sheared chondrosarcoma cells via a matrix metalloproteinase-1-dependent ... Interleukin-1β and cyclic AMP mediate the invasion of sheared chondrosarcoma cells via a matrix metalloproteinase-1-dependent ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/interleukin-1%CE%B2-and-cyclic-amp-mediate-the-invasion-of-sheared-cho-3

Increased systemic and tissue levels of interleukin (IL)-1β are associated with greater risk of impaired neurodevelopment after ... In this study, we tested the hypothesis that systemic IL-1 receptor antagonist (Ra) administration would attenuate brain ... control for all). In the periventricular and intragyral white matter, LPS-exposure increased IL-1β immunoreactivity, numbers of ... Histologically, IL-1Ra reduced microgliosis, IL-1β expression and caspase-3+ cells, and improved olig-2+ oligodendrocyte ...

https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12974-021-02238-4/figures/3

Activated platelets mediate inflammatory signaling by regulated interleukin 1β synthesis Stephan Lindemann, Stephan Lindemann ... Platelet-derived interleukin-1 induces cytokine production, but not proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells. Blood. ... Platelet-derived interleukin-1 induces cytokine production, but not proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells. Blood. ... Abbreviations used in this paper: COX, cyclooxygenase; GAPDH, glutaraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL, interleukin; M-CSF ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/154/3/485/32273/Activated-platelets-mediate-inflammatory-signaling

The term interleukin 1 (IL-1) was coined to describe the factor released by monocyte/macrophages which acts on T and B ... Only after this definition had been accepted was it shown that target cells other than lymphocytes were affected by IL-1. ... We therefore undertook this study to verify these observations and to determine whether purified IL-1 could stimulate ... Many activities are now ascribed to the monokine interleukin 1 including enhancement of immune responses, stimulation of ...

https://www.ndorms.ox.ac.uk/publications/1066918

Chronic urticaria and arthritis with polyclonal IgA: Rapid response and clinical remission with interleukin 1 blockade. ... Rapid response and clinical remission with interleukin 1 blockade. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/chronic-urticaria-and-arthritis-with-polyclonal-iga-rapid-respons-2/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

Polymorphisms in the interleukin-1 genes, IL-1A and IL-1B, have been associated with AD, but not in all studies. The authors ... Interleukin-1 promoter polymorphisms, A deposition and the risk for Alzheimers disease. / Green, E; Harris, J; Lambert, J-C ... Interleukin-1 promoter polymorphisms, A deposition and the risk for Alzheimers disease. In: Neurology. 2002 ; Vol. 58. pp. ... Interleukin-1 promoter polymorphisms, A deposition and the risk for Alzheimers disease. Neurology. 2002 Jan 1;58:1566-8. ...

https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/interleukin-1-promoter-polymorphisms-a-deposition-and-the-risk-fo

IL38INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST HOMOLOG 2; IL1HY2FAMILY OF INTERLEUKIN 1-THETAFIL1-THETAHGNC Approv ... IL1HY2FAMILY OF INTERLEUKIN 1-THETAFIL1-THETAHGNC Approved Gene Symbo... ... 溶质载体家族 20（磷酸盐转运体），成员 1. 逆转录病毒受体允许各种逆转录病毒感染人和鼠细胞。已在

https://www.jetaninchina.com/gene/2022/08/01/30221.html

Dynamic chromatin accessibility landscape changes following interleukin-1 stimulation. Lookup NU author(s): Dr Matthew Barter, ...

https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/268413

... Academic Article ...

http://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub718564

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is produced by activated ... This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. ... dilution.THP-1 cells were treated by. LPS (1 μg/mL) at 37℃ for 8 hours.. Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit. IgG (H+L) at ... THP-1 cells were treated by LPS. (1 μg/mL) at 37℃ for 8 hours.. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining. ...

https://immunologicalsciences.com/product/interleukin-1-beta-2/

We hypothesize that one mechanism by which IL-1 induces responsiveness to bradykinin is by upregulation of number or affinity of kinin receptors on human synovial cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
These studies provide novel information regarding the nature of kinin receptors in intact human synovia and in cultured human synovial cells, their regulation by IL-1 and their role in IL-1-treated cells in kinin-mediated prostaglandin E2 production. (unboundmedicine.com)
TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of kinin receptors on human synovial cells and upregulation of receptor number by interleukin-1. (unboundmedicine.com)
With and without fluoxetine co-treatment, anakinra decreases microglia in the hippocampus, indicating an overall dampening of neuroinflammation through IL-1 receptors. (ubc.ca)
Two types of IL-1 receptors (IL-1Rs) have been identified: the type 1 receptor (IL-1R1) and the type 2 receptor (IL-1R2). (biomedcentral.com)
IL-1 augments the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptors and increases the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure threshold in mice [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I" by people in this website by year, and whether "Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
Hirsch E, Filipovich Y, Mahendroo M. Signaling via the type I IL-1 and TNF receptors is necessary for bacterially induced preterm labor in a murine model. (uchicago.edu)

Nasal insufflation of IL-11 causes AHR in wild-type mice while lung inflammation induced by antigen sensitization and challenge, which mimics features of atopic asthma in humans, is attenuated in mice genetically deficient in IL-11 receptor subunit alpha-1 (IL-11Rα1-deficient mice), a transmembrane receptor that is required along with glycoprotein 130 to transduce IL-11 intracellular signaling. (cdc.gov)
This thesis aims to further investigate the relationship between inflammation and the postpartum onset of depression, by targeting the IL-1 receptor using an animal model of postpartum depression. (ubc.ca)
IL-1 is also identified as one of the proinflammatory cytokines, which leads to the pathogenesis of epilepsy during inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
Interleukin-1 alpha is described as "pro-inflammatory" because it stimulates the activity of genes involved in inflammation and immunity. (medlineplus.gov)
Studies suggest that the effects of IL1A variations are probably related to the role of interleukin-1 alpha in promoting inflammation. (medlineplus.gov)
Although PBB and bronchiectasis are both characterised by neutrophilic airway inflammation and a prominent interleukin (IL)-1β signature, the contribution of the IL-1β pathway to host defence is not clear. (ersjournals.com)
While blocking the IL-1β pathway has the potential to reduce inflammation, this may come at the cost of protective immunity against NTHi and rhinovirus. (ersjournals.com)
Based on, the role of Caspase-1 and Interleukin-1β in regulation of inflammation, investigating the gene expression of them in glomerulonephritis patients can be useful in determining the role of Inflammasome in glomerulonephritis. (aejournal.ir)
Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Modulates Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis in Mice in a Model-Dependent Manner. (omicsdi.org)
Altogether these data suggest that blocking IL-1-mediated inflammation may be beneficial only in selective liver fibrotic disease. (omicsdi.org)
Here, we review the involvement of the interleukin (IL)-1 family in perinatal inflammation and its clinical implications, with a focus on the potential of these cytokines as therapeutic targets for the development of safe and effective treatments for early life inflammatory diseases . (bvsalud.org)
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), play a key role in the development of silicosis by regulating mediators which are responsible for lung injury, inflammation, and potentially fibrosis. (cdc.gov)
To study whether functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the regulatory elements of genes coding for the IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA) cytokines are associated with silicosis , we examined 318 Caucasian cases confirmed histopathologically with pulmonary silicosis and 163 controls without any apparent inflammation or other pulmonary disease. (cdc.gov)
Inflammation itself is not a pathway, but you can go for cytokine signaling, Interleukin-1 cascade, inflammasomes, apoptosis, leukocyte recruiment, so the actual components of an inflammatory process. (biostars.org)
Cytokines like interleukin-1 (IL-1) are a cause of the rise and increase in inflammation and pain of the joints and nerve roots. (sport-med.pl)
Thanks to introduction of the antagonist to the interleukin receptor (IL-1Ra) into the body at the location of inflammation it is possible to effectively intervene medically, bringing relief to patients. (sport-med.pl)
We have observed 45 elderly people who were divided into 3 study groups, i.e., without inflammatory periodontal pathology (1), with periodontitis (2) and with chronic periapical inflammatory processes in the absence of periodontal inflammation (3). (rusimmun.ru)
Proteoglycan 4 (also known as lubricin) has been shown to have a dual mechanism of action in OA: 1) a biomechanical effect due to its lubricating properties, and 2) effects on molecular pathways leading to suppression of pain, inflammation and cartilage degeneration. (lifesciencenord.de)
1, 9] Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (a pro-inflammatory cytokine), MMP-13 (an enzyme), and MMP-2 (a gelatinase) are major factors in inflammation and cartilage destruction in Osteoarthritis. (dragoosoilblends.com)

Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Constitutive and interleukin-1-inducible phosphorylation of p65 NF-{kappa}B at serine 536 is mediated by multiple protein kinases including I{kappa}B kinase (IKK)-{alpha}, IKK{beta}, IKK{epsilon}, TRAF family member-associated (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and an unknown kinase and couples p65 to TATA-binding protein-associated factor II31-mediated interleukin-8 transcription. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Recombinant IL 1 alpha Rhesus Macaque produced in E.coli cells is a non-glycosylated, homodimeric protein containing 159 amino acid chain and having a molecular mass of 18.1kDa. (prospecbio.com)
A first-in-class, first-in-human phase I/IIa trial of CAN04, targeting Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein (IL1RAP), in patients with solid tu. (esmo.org)
To investigate the potential intracellular function of IL-1 alpha, transformed endothelial cells were transfected with the human cDNAs that code for the two forms of IL-1 alpha, the precursor molecule IL-1(1-271) and the mature protein IL-1(113-271). (unimi.it)
The IL-1(113-271) protein was cytoplasmic, while IL-1(1-271) was nuclear. (unimi.it)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. (immunologicalsciences.com)
The binding of this receptor to its ligand causes its favorable interaction with INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ACCESSORY PROTEIN and the formation of an activated receptor complex. (uchicago.edu)
The IL1A gene provides instructions for making a protein called interleukin-1 alpha. (medlineplus.gov)
Interleukin-1 alpha is initially produced as a relatively long protein that is trapped within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Another protein, called calpain, cuts (cleaves) this precursor protein to create a shorter, mature version of interleukin-1 alpha. (medlineplus.gov)
Each of these variations changes a single protein building block (amino acid) in interleukin-1 alpha. (medlineplus.gov)
Lee S, Temple S, Roberts S, Price P. Complex effects of IL1A polymorphism and calpain inhibitors on interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) mRNA levels and secretion of IL-1 alpha protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Induction of activator protein-1 through reactive oxygen species by crystalline silica in JB6 cells. (cdc.gov)
1 Nevertheless, strategies that target protein misfolding frequently reduce aggregate formation and cell death in parallel. (bmj.com)
Neither does FXIII-A appear to share a common secretory pathway with interleukin 1-β, another prototypic non-classically secreted protein. (leeds.ac.uk)
Association of total insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and IGFBP-3 levels with incident coronary events and ischemic stroke. (shefayekhatam.ir)
In 2017, GeneQuine's then-lead gene therapy program, which is an HDAd vector expressing the protein interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (now called FX201) was acquired by the pharmaceutical company Flexion Therapeutics, Inc., Burlington, MA, USA. (lifesciencenord.de)
Feline IL-8 Recombinant Protein is purified interleukin-8 produced in yeast. (ayurvedandindia.com)
The authors sought to determine whether high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), an ubiquitous nucleosomal protein, initiates this process through activation and trafficking of circulating bone marrow-derived macrophages to the brain. (asahq.org)

The Human And Mouse Netrin-1 Elisa reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (il-12p70.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mouse Netrin 1 (Ntn1) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. (il-12p70.com)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Mouse Netrin 1 (Ntn1) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (il-12p70.com)
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Netrin-1, Ntn1 in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates. (il-12p70.com)
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Netrin 1 (Ntn1) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (il-12p70.com)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Human Netrin-1 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (il-12p70.com)
IL-1 exposure (10 ng/ml) induced strong iNOS expression in serum starved A549 cells. (who.int)
Serum interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and quantitative urinary -2-microglobulin (-2-m) excretion were estimated. (who.int)
Both subclones were grown as monolayers on -irradiated (5000 rads) Swiss Mouse 3T3 fibroblast feeder layers in INCB018424 biological activity F-medium (3:1 F12 and Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium) with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS). (irjs.info)
Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (ijp-online.com)

Monoclonal Antibody to Interleukin 1 Beta (IL1b) is Available at Gentaur Genprice with the fastest delivery. (proteomecommons.org)
Cloud-CloneDescription: A monoclonal antibody rasied in mouse against human Interleukin 1 BetaMonoclonal Antibody to Interleukin 1 Beta. (proteomecommons.org)
Cloud-CloneDescription: A polyclonal antibody rasied in rabbit against human Interleukin 1 BetaPolyclonal Antibody to Interleukin 1. (proteomecommons.org)
Cloud-CloneDescription: A monoclonal antibody rasied in mouse against human Interleukin 7Monoclonal Antibody to Interleukin 7 (IL7) is. (proteomecommons.org)
CAN04 is a first-in-class fully humanized monoclonal antibody targeting IL1RAP, a co-receptor for the IL-1 receptor which is expressed on human cancer cells. (esmo.org)
Western blot analysis of extracts of THP-1 cells, using IL1 beta antibody at 1:1000 dilution.THP-1 cells were treated by LPS (1 μg/mL) at 37℃ for 8 hours. (immunologicalsciences.com)
Immunofluorescence analysis of THP-1 cells using IL1 beta antibody. (immunologicalsciences.com)
Interleukin 1 Alpha Antibody is a Mouse Monoclonal against Interleukin 1 Alpha. (abbexa.com)
The factor in microbial culture supernatant (MCS) induced thymocyte proliferation in a dose dependent fashion and it could be detected by immunoblot analysis using anti-interleukin1(IL-1) antibody. (kribb.re.kr)
When ^125I-MCS was covalently coupled with homo-bifunctional cross-linking agent, disuccinimidyl-propionate to IL-1 receptor(IL-1R) on mouse thymoma cell(EL-4) and immunoprecipitated with anti-IL-1R antibody the molecular weight of this complex of 110 kd was observed. (kribb.re.kr)
E. coli interleukin-1 for cell culture or antibody production. (il-1.com)
Neonatal porcine islet transplanted NOD-SCID IL2rγ −/− mice received human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with in vitro expanded autologous Treg in the absence or presence of anti-human interleukin-10 (IL-10) monoclonal antibody. (diabetesjournals.org)
Dr. Kishimoto and Dr. Hirano jointly worked on the purification of interleukin-6 (IL-6) which is a cytokine* 1 that induces antibody production by B lymphocytes* 2 , and in 1986 they succeeded in cloning the cDNA encoding IL-6. (japanprize.jp)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are potent immunomodulators and proinflammatory cytokines that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and infectious diseases and proposed to be risk factors for LAgP. (go.jp)
Cells exposed to the avian-human H1N1 virus showed increased synthesis of viral neuraminidase, previously reported to induce fever-producing cytokines, but no detectable increase in production of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α measured by immunoassay, or decrease in interleukin-1 inhibitor activity by bioassay. (utmb.edu)
The Interleukin-1 family (IL-1 family) is a group of 11 cytokines, which plays a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections or sterile insults. (il-1.com)
We have examined the effects of cytokines and other agents on the expression and functions of dectin-1 in both resident and elicited murine peritoneal macrophages (Mφ). (aai.org)
Dectin-1 expression was found to be highly up-regulated by GM-CSF and by the cytokines that induce alternative macrophage activation, IL-4 and IL-13. (aai.org)

For understanding of signaling molecules important in lung cancer growth and progression, IL-1 effect was analyzed on iNOS expression and key signaling molecules in human lung carcinoma A549 cells and established the role of specific signaling molecules by using specific chemical inhibitors. (who.int)
Use of specific chemical inhibitors for JAK1 kinase (piceatannol), JAK2 kinase (AG-490), MEK1/2 (PD98059) and JNK1/2 (SP600125) revealed that IL-1-induced iNOS expression involved signaling pathways in addition to JAK-STAT and ERK1/2-JNK1/2 activation. (who.int)
Overall, these results suggested that instead of specific pharmacological inhibitors, use of chemopreventive agents with broad spectrum efficacy to inhibit IL-1-induced signaling cascades and iNOS expression would be a better strategy towards lung cancer prevention and/or treatment. (who.int)

Our aim was to investigate IL-1 α +4845 , IL-1 β +3954 , and TNF-α -308 gene polymorphisms in Turkish LAgP patients. (go.jp)
Moreover, IL-1 gene polymorphisms appear to have a role in susceptibility to LAgP, and the above-mentioned genotypes could be an important risk factor for LAgP in the Turkish population. (go.jp)
Polymorphisms in the interleukin-1 genes, IL-1A and IL-1B, have been associated with AD, but not in all studies. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Association of interleukin-1 polymorphisms with aggressive periodontitis. (bvsalud.org)

Differential effects of human recombinant interleukin-1 beta on cytochrome P-450-dependent activities in cultured fetal rat hepatocytes. (aspetjournals.org)

In Specific Aim #2 the investigators will test the hypothesis that the IL-1-beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) systems act in concert to regulate NREMS and are part of a larger functional gene group involved in sleep regulation. (grantome.com)
[ 36 ] After 12 weeks, they found the patients had increased airway reactivity and decreased neutrophilic apoptosis in induced sputum, but no change in symptom scores, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ), oxygen saturation, sputum neutrophil ratios, sputum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or interleukin 8. (medscape.com)

IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells. (joplink.net)
IL-1β is a potent inflammatory cytokine promptly expressed in activated myeloid cells. (uwo.ca)
Interleukin (IL)-33 acts via its receptor ST2 and is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders including atherosclerosis and heart disease. (nih.gov)
Inflammasome complex is stimulated after detecting pathogenic signals and causes activation of inflammatory interleukins. (aejournal.ir)
Interleukin-6 is oedema, hypercholesterolaemia and gene- involved in inflammatory responses and im- ralized hyperlipidaemia [ 1 ]. (who.int)
A secondary objective was to evaluate the effects of an anti-inflammatory treatment (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra)) on functional recovery and compensation. (elsevier.com)
Nuclear-Factor-Kappa Beta, Cox enzymes, Interleukin-1β, MMP-13, and MMP-2, are all biological agents involved in the inflammatory process that can lead to arthritis, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. (dragoosoilblends.com)

Cho, Woohyun, "Characterization of interleukin (IL)-1β regulatory elements and chromatin conformation in macrophage activation" (2018). (uwo.ca)
The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation. (bvsalud.org)
Dectin-1 is the major macrophage receptor for β-glucans and generates a proinflammatory response through the recognition of these carbohydrates on fungal pathogens. (aai.org)

IL-1 alpha is produced by activated macrophages, stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing il-2 release, b-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. (prospecbio.com)
The term interleukin 1 (IL-1) was coined to describe the factor released by monocyte/macrophages which acts on T and B lymphocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). (immunologicalsciences.com)
Natural interleukin 1 receptor antagonist produced by macrophages/activated monocytes blocking effects of interleukin 1. (medscape.com)
In this study we investigated whether retinoid-mediated inhibition of interleukin-12 production in mouse macrophages could regulate cytokine profile of antigen (Ag)-primed CD4 + Th cells. (elsevier.com)
Description: Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as CXCL8, is an ELR-positive CXC family member chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. (ayurvedandindia.com)
Modulation of dectin-1 receptor levels correlated with the ability of these macrophages to bind zymosan and significantly affected the contribution of this receptor to the resultant proinflammatory response, as measured by the production of TNF-α, although some Mφ-specific differences were observed. (aai.org)

Sickness responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined in mice with deletion of the interleukin (IL)-1 type 1 receptor (IL-1R1). (nih.gov)
Mice were killed at 2 h after resuscitation, and cardiac IL-6, HIF-1α, and nuclear factor (NF) κB activities were measured. (uthscsa.edu)

Previous research using an animal model of de novo postpartum depression indicates that SSRI inefficacy may be related to increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). (ubc.ca)
We have previously shown that the signal peptideless cytokine interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) may play a role as an intracellular regulator of human endothelial cell senescence (J. A. M. Maier, P. Voulalas, D. Roeder, and T. Maciag, Science 249:1570-1574, 1990). (unimi.it)
Our recent studies in this area have focused on Haemophilus influenzae and the cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. (ersjournals.com)

PU.1 is a lineage-determining transcription factor that regulates myeloid-specific genes by activating distal enhancers. (uwo.ca)
The subcellular localization of the two different polypeptides was investigated directly or by using chimeric genes constructed by fusion of different fragments of the IL-1 alpha gene and the beta-galactosidase open reading frames. (unimi.it)
Moreover, nuclear localization of IL-1 alpha correlates with impaired cell growth and expression of some IL-1 alpha-inducible genes. (unimi.it)
This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. (immunologicalsciences.com)
the caspase-1 and IL-1β genes were analyzed by quantitative analysis with Real Time PCR. (aejournal.ir)
The results showed that the expression of IL-1β and Casp-1 genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with glomerulonephritis is different from control samples. (aejournal.ir)

Only after this definition had been accepted was it shown that target cells other than lymphocytes were affected by IL-1. (ox.ac.uk)

abstract = "This paper presents original data regarding: the three-dimensional modelling of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) IL-1β, the modelling of trout IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1R I) and the modelling of trout IL-1β bound to its receptor. (elsevier.com)
abstract = "1. (elsevier.com)

Lipopolysaccharide-mediated reactive oxygen species and signal transduction in the regulation of interleukin-1 gene expression. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
The effects of the recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rIL-1ra) on the systemic vascular and lung injury following intraperitoneal Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined in male Sprague-Dawley rats. (elsevier.com)

Because hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α is expressed during hypoxia and cellular stress and up-regulates the expression of IL-6, we hypothesized that HIF-1 α induces the increased cardiac IL-6 after trauma-hemorrhage and that estrogen suppresses this induction. (uthscsa.edu)

The 3D models of trout and sea bass IL-1β molecules were predicted by comparison with those already available of human and mouse, and, in both cases, a structure consisting of a beta-trefoil fold was obtained, a motif well conserved during evolution of IL-1β-related proteins. (elsevier.com)
Many activities are now ascribed to the monokine interleukin 1 including enhancement of immune responses, stimulation of thymocyte proliferation, activation of B cells, stimulation of proteinase and prostaglandin production by connective tissue cells, stimulation of the production of acute phase proteins, induction of fever and the induction of neutrophilia. (ox.ac.uk)
Interleukins are a group of proteins that are made primarily in immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. (bvsalud.org)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)

Moreover, a model for the rainbow trout IL-1 receptor alone and complexed with IL-1β was predicted and compared to the murine model. (elsevier.com)
Developmental stage-specific effects of Pim-1 dysregulation on murine bone marrow B cell development. (uchicago.edu)

Enhancer knock-out by CRISPR-Cas9 reduced IL-1β expression, supporting its identity as an enhancer. (uwo.ca)
This study unraveled new regulatory elements and their mechanisms in regulating IL-1β expression. (uwo.ca)
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is a potential biomarker for chondrosarcoma that is overexpressed at the invading edges of articular cartilage, and its expression correlates with poor survival rates. (elsevier.com)
Collectively, fluid shear stress upregulates matrix MMP-1 expression, which is responsible for the enhanced invasion of human chondrosarcoma cells. (elsevier.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Interleukin-1-induced iNOS expression in human lung carcinoma A549 cells: Involvement of STAT and MAPK pathways. (who.int)
Detailed molecular analyses showed that IL-1 increased expression of phosphorylated STAT1 (Tyr701 and Ser727) and STAT3 (Tyr705 and Ser727) both in total cell lysates and nuclear lysates. (who.int)
Precedence will be given to papers describing fundamental interventions, including interventions that affect cell senescence, patterns of gene expression, telomere biology, stem cell biology, and other innovative, 21st century interventions, especially if the focus is on clinical applications, ongoing clinical trials, or animal trials preparatory to phase 1 human clinical trials. (lidsen.com)
Because elevated IL-6 levels after trauma-hemorrhage were decreased with YC-1 treatment, it indicates that IL-6 expression in cardiomyocytes is induced via HIF-1α. (uthscsa.edu)
These results indicate that the beneficial effects of estrogen on cardiac function after trauma-hemorrhage seem to be mediated by the inhibition of HIF-1α expression and activity. (uthscsa.edu)
1, 6, 7 Currently, array technology is usually most useful in establishing broad patterns of gene expression and in screening for differential gene expression. (irjs.info)

Using molecular biology tools and an in vitro fluid shear model, we report that shear stress upregulates cyclic AMP (cAMP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release, which in turn promotes the invasion of chondrosarcoma cells via the induction of MMP-1 in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)- and ERK1/2-dependent manner. (elsevier.com)

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Department of Parasitology and Immunology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. (aacrjournals.org)

The role of PU.1 was examined in PU.1-overexpressed B16-BL6 cells, which responded to LPS and expressed IL-1β mRNA and eRNAs. (uwo.ca)
RNA extraction of whole-lung homogenates revealed that mRNA for IL-1 beta was constitutively expressed in the absence of endotoxin, but transcripts increased progressively from 0.5 to 2 h after endotoxin administration. (elsevier.com)
IL-1-beta mRNA has a diurnal rhythm in brain and increases after sleep deprivation. (grantome.com)

Interleukin-1, immune activation pathways, and different mechanisms in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. (bmj.com)
This study aimed to compare systemic immune responses against common pathogens in children with PBB, bronchiectasis and control children and to determine the importance of the IL-1β pathway. (ersjournals.com)
Our findings highlight the extent to which IL-1β regulates the cellular immune response against two common respiratory pathogens. (ersjournals.com)
The outcome of the ensuing battle will determine whether the infection will remain locally limited within the engulfing cells of the innate immune system, or will continue to spread, causing the individual to become a clinically active TB patient [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. (intechopen.com)
1 Cytokine is a cell-signaling molecule secreted by immune system cells. (japanprize.jp)
1. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) plays a central role in the immune system by driving the immune response towards T helper 1 (Th1) type responses characterized by high IFN-γ and low IL-4 production. (elsevier.com)

We have previously shown bradykinin to be a potent stimulus for the release of prostanoids from interleukin-1 (IL-1)-treated, but not untreated, human synovial cells. (unboundmedicine.com)

3C analysis showed that enhancer-promoter interactions were established in a PU.1-dependent manner. (uwo.ca)
IL-1 alpha (-889) promoter polymorphism is a risk factor for osteomyelitis. (medlineplus.gov)

We conclude that while IL-1 signaling is not critical for LPS induced anorexia or stress hormone release, IL-1R1, expressed on brain endothelial cells, contributes to the febrile response to LPS. (nih.gov)
In matched experiments, IL-1 treatment enhanced specific [3H]bradykinin binding 1.5- to 2.0-fold above that observed in untreated cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
This enhancement was attributable to an increase in Bmax (53 +/- 4 vs. 105 +/- 24 fmol/10(6) cells in untreated and IL-1-treated cells, respectively), rather than an alteration in Kd (1.7 and 1.4 nM, respectively). (unboundmedicine.com)
The potencies of a series of kinin analogs and antagonists and unrelated peptides in displacing [3H]bradykinin from IL-1-treated cells correlated well with their abilities to induce prostanoid release. (unboundmedicine.com)
CAN04 binds to IL1RAP with high affinity in a manner that blocks signal transduction from IL-1 and IL-33 into the cells. (esmo.org)
Such analysis and the predicted interaction energies calculated from the models have helped to explain the different biological efficacies of mammalian and fish IL-1β molecules in assays based on mammalian target cells. (elsevier.com)
However, the molecular mechanisms of MMP-1 regulation and its potential contribution to chondrosarcoma cell invasion have yet to be elucidated, especially in shear-activated cells. (elsevier.com)
Activated PI3-K and ERK1/2 signaling pathways phosphorylate c-Jun, which in turn transactivates MMP-1 in human chondrosarcoma cells. (elsevier.com)
T). This variation affects the production of interleukin-1 alpha within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from control subjects (n=20), those with recurrent PBB (n=20) and bronchiectasis (n=20) induced high concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-10. (ersjournals.com)
Further, IL-1b exposure strongly activated MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38) and Akt as well as increased nuclear levels of NF-κB and HIF-1 in A549 cells. (who.int)
High-affinity mutant Interleukin - 13 targeted CAR T cells enhance delivery of clickable biodegradable fluorescent nanoparticles to glioblastoma. (il-13.com)

1 Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. (nih.gov)
Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a common cause of chronic wet cough in preschool-aged children, characterised by the isolation of bacterial pathogens from the lower airways and clinical response to prolonged antibiotics [ 1 , 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Pancreatic islet transplantation as a treatment for type 1 diabetes received a major impetus with the development of the Edmonton protocol and recent clinical trials demonstrating long-term insulin independence out beyond 5 years after transplantation ( 1 - 4 ), although encouraging this therapy will always be limited by the relatively small number of organ donors available for islet isolation. (diabetesjournals.org)
Actually the situation has worsened with a peak of 9.4 millions of new clinical cases in 2009 and 1.7 million deaths/year [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (intechopen.com)
The raised funds will be used to advance GeneQuine's lead candidate GQ-303 for osteoarthritis (OA) to a phase 1 clinical trial, to develop new gene therapies for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration, to expand GeneQuine's gene therapy vector platform and to grow the company's operations. (lifesciencenord.de)
In 2019, Flexion initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial in knee OA and has treated several patients with FX201 at two dose levels. (lifesciencenord.de)

Furthermore, IL-1 exhibits a temporal and dose-dependent influence on sleep regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
In Specific Aim #1, the investigators will test the specific hypothesis that the IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI) is necessary for IL-1-mediated changes in sleep regulation. (grantome.com)

These results suggest that transport of endogenous IL-1(1-271) into the nucleus is required for it to modulate endothelial cell function. (unimi.it)

pro-IL-1β, IL-1β precursor. (rupress.org)

PAI-1, plaminogen activator inhibitor-1. (cdc.gov)
Vehicle, the HIF-α inhibitor YC-1 [3-(5'- hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1- benzylindazole, a novel activator of platelet guanylate cyclase], or estrogen was administered to trauma-hemorrhage and sham groups during resuscitation. (uthscsa.edu)

Human Elisa Laboratories manufactures the human and mouse netrin-1 elisa reagents distributed by Genprice. (il-12p70.com)
The Interleukin 1,IL-1 ELISA kit is shipped on ice packs / blue ice at +4 degrees Celsius. (il-1.com)
This ELISA test kit for detection of Human Interleukin 1,IL-1 should be stored refrigerated at temperatures between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius. (il-1.com)

The basic cluster at the NH2 terminus of IL-1, KVLKKRR, has been shown to mediate IL-1 alpha nuclear targeting. (unimi.it)

We found a significant decrease in systemic IL-1β and MCP-1 concentration from 1st to 3rd trimester of pregnancy while IL-10 concentration increased, respectively. (abo.fi)

Both ligand-receptor complex models were compared with the known crystal structure of the human IL-1β/IL-1R complex. (elsevier.com)
In this report, we present evidence for the production of NO, as measured by the production of nitrite, in highly enriched human fetal astrocyte cultures stimulated with IL-1β. (elsevier.com)
human microglia, in turn, may control astrocyte NO production by providing IL-1β as an activating signal. (elsevier.com)
Human HSCs treated with IL-1? (omicsdi.org)
These guidelines update previous CDC recommendations for treating and preventing active tuberculosis (TB) among adults and children coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (1-3). (cdc.gov)
Description: Description of target: The human interferon-beta 2 gene (IFNB2) product is identical to that for the B-cell stimulation factor-2 (BSF-2), the hybridoma growth factor (HGF) ("interleukin-6"), and the hepatocyte stimulating factor (HSF). (ayurvedandindia.com)

An interleukin-1 receptor subtype that is involved in signaling cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. (uchicago.edu)

We genotyped 31 LAgP patients and 31 healthy controls for IL-1α +4845 , IL-1β +3954 , and TNF-α -308 using standard PCR amplification followed by restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. (go.jp)
1, 2, 3 The performance of the reverse transcription (RT) response may be suffering from the enzyme, primers, nucleotides, and RNA secondary framework. (irjs.info)

Interleukin (IL)-1 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Adult onset Still's disease (AOSD). (frontiersin.org)
Circulating IL-6 is increased by resistance exercise in a volume-dependent manner, and resistance exercise-induced increases in IL-6 correlated with reductions in post-exercise hyperglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes, suggesting a role for IL-6 in improving post-resistance exercise glycaemic disturbances in Type 1 diabetes. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Role of interleukin-1 in endotoxin-induced lung injury in the rat. (elsevier.com)
Dive into the research topics of 'Role of interleukin-1 in endotoxin-induced lung injury in the rat. (elsevier.com)
Existing evidence indicates that the increased concentrations of IL-1β may affect the seizure threshold, but the role of IL-1β in the epileptogenesis is still controversial, as both a proconvulsant and an anticonvulsant have been suggested. (biomedcentral.com)
Because of the conflicts between those observations, the role of IL-1 in epileptogenesis needs to be further determined. (biomedcentral.com)
The Role of the Interleukin-1 Family in Complications of Prematurity. (bvsalud.org)
Nephrotic syndrome is neither a single gested that IL-1 has a significant role in the disease nor even a heterogeneous group of immunopathogenesis of proteinuria [ 7 ] and related diseases. (who.int)
The role of interleukin-1 in disease. (bvsalud.org)

manuscripts are undertaken in 12 days from acceptance to publication (median values for papers published in this journal in 2021, 1-2 days of FREE language polishing time is also included in this period). (lidsen.com)

We herein hypothesized that IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) mediates the pathogenesis of epilepsy and epilepsy-induced sleep disturbances. (biomedcentral.com)
These results indicate that the IL-1 signal mediates epilepsy-induced sleep disturbance, but dose not participate in kindling-induced epileptogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

An interleukin 1 like factor stimulates bone resorption in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)

While COX-1 is mostly good for the body and protects the digestive tract, COX-2 is a contributing factor to arthritis, cancer, and Alzheimer's. (dragoosoilblends.com)

Anatomy46

Organisms10

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs131

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes33

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Reactive oxygen intermediate-dependent NF-kappaB activation by interleukin-1beta requires 5-lipoxygenase or NADPH oxidase activity. (1/9413)

Synergistic activation of JNK/SAPK by interleukin-1 and platelet-derived growth factor is independent of Rac and Cdc42. (2/9413)

Involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta in enhancement of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures caused by Shigella dysenteriae. (3/9413)

Emergent immunoregulatory properties of combined glucocorticoid and anti-glucocorticoid steroids in a model of tuberculosis. (4/9413)

Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta production by nitric oxide-treated chondrocytes: implications for matrix synthesis. (5/9413)

Expression of both P1 and P2 purine receptor genes by human articular chondrocytes and profile of ligand-mediated prostaglandin E2 release. (6/9413)

Effects of lipopolysaccharide on production of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 by bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro. (7/9413)

Mechanisms of prostaglandin E2 release by intact cells expressing cyclooxygenase-2: evidence for a 'two-component' model. (8/9413)

Interleukin-1

Interleukin-2

Receptors, Interleukin

Interleukin-6

Cytokines

Interleukin-4

Interleukin-10

Interleukins

Interleukin-8

Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Cells, Cultured

Receptors, Interleukin-2

Interferon-gamma

T-Lymphocytes

Interleukin-12

Lymphocyte Activation

RNA, Messenger

Recombinant Proteins

Receptors, Interleukin-1

Interleukin-1beta

Interleukin-3

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Interleukin-5

Interleukin-18

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Lipopolysaccharides

Receptors, Interleukin-4

Inflammation

Interleukin-13

Cell Line

Receptors, Interleukin-6

Interleukin-11

Monocytes

Cell Division

Gene Expression Regulation

Signal Transduction

Receptors, Immunologic

Th2 Cells

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Interleukin-17

Flow Cytometry

Antigens, CD

Macrophages

Spleen

Interleukin-15

Molecular Sequence Data

Interleukin-7

Leukocytes, Mononuclear

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Gene Expression

Th1 Cells

Killer Cells, Natural

Antibodies, Monoclonal

NF-kappa B

Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit

Inflammation Mediators

Base Sequence

Receptors, Interleukin-13

B-Lymphocytes

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Lymphokines

Mice, Knockout

T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic

Cell Differentiation

Sialoglycoproteins

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

STAT3 Transcription Factor

Lymphocytes

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte

Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated

Growth Substances

Dendritic Cells

Mice, Inbred C3H

Time Factors

Disease Models, Animal

Transfection

Up-Regulation