Measurement of distances or movements by means of the phenomena caused by the interference of two rays of light (optical interferometry) or of sound (acoustic interferometry).
Measurement of the index of refraction (the ratio of the velocity of light or other radiation in the first of two media to its velocity in the second as it passes from one into the other).
The science and application of a double-beam transmission interference microscope in which the illuminating light beam is split into two paths. One beam passes through the specimen while the other beam reflects off a reference mirror before joining and interfering with the other. The observed optical path difference between the two beams can be measured and used to discriminate minute differences in thickness and refraction of non-stained transparent specimens, such as living cells in culture.
An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.
The recording of images in three-dimensional form on a photographic film by exposing it to a laser beam reflected from the object under study.
A system using beamed and reflected radio signals to and from an object in such a way that range, bearing, and other characteristics of the object may be determined.
Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye.
The technology of transmitting light over long distances through strands of glass or other transparent material.
A method of three-dimensional morphometry in which contour maps are produced from the overlapping interference fringes created when an object is illuminated by beams of coherent light issuing from two different point sources.
Thin strands of transparent material, usually glass, that are used for transmitting light waves over long distances.
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.
The use of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze biological observations and phenomena.
The fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands. This fluid moistens the CONJUNCTIVA and CORNEA.
The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.
Refraction of LIGHT effected by the media of the EYE.
The distance between the anterior and posterior poles of the eye, measured either by ULTRASONOGRAPHY or by partial coherence interferometry.
The diversion of RADIATION (thermal, electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result of interactions or collisions with atoms, molecules, or larger particles in the atmosphere or other media. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Methods of creating machines and devices.
The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and that part of the crystalline lens which presents through the pupil. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p109)
The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.
Artificial implanted lenses.
A specialized field of physics and engineering involved in studying the behavior and properties of light and the technology of analyzing, generating, transmitting, and manipulating ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet range.
The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
The professional practice of primary eye and vision care that includes the measurement of visual refractive power and the correction of visual defects with lenses or glasses.
Investigative techniques used in pre-clinical and clinical research, epidemiology, chemistry, immunology, genetics, etc. They do not include techniques specifically applied to DIAGNOSIS; THERAPEUTICS; anesthesia and analgesia; SURGICAL PROCEDURES, OPERATIVE; and DENTISTRY.
The science concerned with celestial bodies and the observation and interpretation of the radiation received in the vicinity of the earth from the component parts of the universe (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
The science that deals with the ocean and its phenomena. (Webster, 3d ed)
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Stoichiometry of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-DNA interaction in the presence of Ca2+: a temperature-scanning ultrasonic study. (1/381)

DNA-DPPC complexes can be prepared by means of a single step procedure of mixing DNA solution and aqueous lipid dispersion in the presence of calcium ions. Interaction between DPPC and DNA brings about a biphasic shape of melting curves corresponding to the free lipid and the strongly bound one. The amount of the strongly bound lipid is 5 molecules per nucleotide which is close to the size of the first lipid monolayer around DNA molecule.  (+info)

Topography of the lunar poles from radar interferometry: a survey of cold trap locations. (2/381)

Detailed topographic maps of the lunar poles have been obtained by Earth-based radar interferometry with the 3.5-centimeter wavelength Goldstone Solar System Radar. The interferometer provided maps 300 kilometers by 1000 kilometers of both polar regions at 150-meter spatial resolution and 50-meter height resolution. Using ray tracing, these digital elevation models were used to locate regions that are in permanent shadow from solar illumination and may harbor ice deposits. Estimates of the total extent of shadowed areas poleward of 87.5 degrees latitude are 1030 and 2550 square kilometers for the north and south poles, respectively.  (+info)

The mechanical behaviour of human mandibles studied by electronic speckle pattern interferometry. (3/381)

An understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the human mandible during mastication may be useful in several specific medical fields that examine the maxillofacial area. In this research, the Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry Optical Technique was applied to study a dry mandible under external stress. Two images of the mandible, i.e. an image of the relaxed mandible and another of the mandible under stress, were processed using this technique and provided information concerning the most stressed areas of the bone. The advantage of interferometric analysis is that it can be carried out in real time on a mandible to which progressively greater stress has been applied. This research may be of value in maxillofacial surgery, for example, in the diagnosis and treatment of fractured mandibles, and in oral surgery and orthodontics, where it can provide information concerning stress dispersion when an osteointegrated implant or orthodontic appliance is placed in the mouth. One of the most important conclusions to be drawn from the experiments of tension, compression, and in- and out-of-plane deformations is that the capability of the mandible to bend is superior to its capability to stretch. Several quantitative results support this conclusion.  (+info)

Initial orthopaedic displacement compared with longitudinal displacement of the maxilla after a forward force application. An experimental study in dogs. (4/381)

The aim of this study was to compare the initial orthopaedic displacement of the maxilla in vivo and the longitudinal changes after a forward force application. The sample consisted of five 1-year-old dogs. An anterior force of 5 N on the maxilla was applied by a coil spring system pushing between Branemark implants and a maxillary splint. The initial displacement of the maxilla after force application was measured by means of speckle interferometry. The longitudinal displacement of the maxilla after a force application during 8 weeks was measured by superimposing standardized lateral cephalograms. The initial, as well as the longitudinal, displacement of the maxilla of the dogs was in a forward direction with some counterclockwise rotation. There was no statistical difference between the initial and longitudinal displacement. The biological response after force application during 8 weeks can be predicted by the initial orthopaedic displacement.  (+info)

Fine structure of parvocellular receptive fields in the primate fovea revealed by laser interferometry. (5/381)

Optical blurring in the eye prevents conventional physiological techniques from revealing the fine structure of the small parvocellular receptive fields in the primate fovea in vivo. We explored the organization of receptive fields in macaque parvocellular lateral geniculate nucleus cells by using sinusoidal interference fringes formed directly on the retina to measure spatial frequency tuning at different orientations. Most parvocellular cells in and near the fovea respond reliably to spatial frequencies up to and beyond 100 cycles/ degrees of visual angle, implying center input arising mainly from a single cone. Temporal frequency and contrast response characteristics were also measured at spatial frequencies up to 130 cycles/degrees. We compared our spatial frequency data with the frequency responses of model receptive fields that estimate the number, configuration, and weights of cones that feed the center and surround. On the basis of these comparisons, we infer possible underlying circuits. Most cells had irregular spatial frequency-response curves that imply center input from more than one cone. The measured responses are consistent with a single cone center together with weak input from nearby cones. By exposing a fine structure that cannot be discerned by conventional techniques, interferometry allows functional measurements of the early neural mechanisms in spatial vision.  (+info)

Nuclear medicine image registration by spatially noncoherent interferometry. (6/381)

This article introduces a technique for obtaining high-resolution body contour data in the same coordinate frame as that of a rotating gamma camera, using a miniature range finder, the conoscope, mounted on the camera gantry. One potential application of the technique is accurate coregistration in longitudinal brain SPECT studies, using the face of the patient (or "mask"), instead of SPECT slices, to coregister subsequent acquisitions involving the brain. METHODS: Conoscopic holography is an interferometry technique that relies on spatially incoherent light interference in birefringent crystals. In this study, the conoscope was used to measure the absolute distance (Z) between a light source reflected from the skin and its observation plane. This light was emitted by a 0.2-mW laser diode. A scanning system was used to image the face during SPECT acquisition. The system consisted of a motor-driven mirror (Y axis) and the gamma-camera gantry (1 profile was obtained for each rotation step, X axis). The system was calibrated to place the conoscopic measurements and SPECT slices in the same coordinate frame. RESULTS: Through a simple and robust calibration of the system, the SE for measurements performed on geometric shapes was less than 2 mm, i.e., less than the actual pixel size of the SPECT data. Biometric measurements of an anthropomorphic brain phantom were within 3%-5% of actual values. The mask data were used to register images of a brain phantom and of a volunteer's brain, respectively. The rigid transformation that allowed the merging of masks by visual inspection was applied to the 2 sets of SPECT slices to perform the fusion of the data. CONCLUSION: At the cost of an additional low-cost setup integrated into the gamma-camera gantry, real-time data about the surface of the head were obtained. As in all other surface-based techniques (as opposed to volume-based techniques), this method allows the match of data independently from the dataset of interest and facilitates further registration of data from any other source. The main advantage of this technique compared with other optically based methods is the robustness of the calibration procedure and the compactness of the sensor as a result of the colinearity of the projected beam and the reflected (diffused) beams of the conoscope. Taking into account the experimental nature of this preliminary work, significant improvements in the accuracy and speed of measurements (up to 1000 points/s) are expected.  (+info)

Intersession repeatability of macular thickness measurements with the Humphrey 2000 OCT. (7/381)

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine intersession repeatability of measurements of macular thickness made with a commercially available optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The images that can be routinely acquired with the commercial instrument differ significantly in quality from the images in the literature, which have mostly been acquired on prototype systems. METHODS: Multiple OCT images of the nasal macula were obtained from the right eye during three independent measuring sessions, using the Humphrey 2000 OCT system (Humphrey, San Leandro, CA). Twenty-six volunteers with no history of ocular disease participated in this investigation. Eyes in all subjects were undilated during scan acquisition. Scans were horizontal, 3 mm long, and through the fovea. Five scans were used from each session, for a total of 15 scans per subject. Retinal boundaries were automatically detected using custom software. Statistical software was used to calculate intersession and intrasession repeatability. Manual correction was performed on the automatically detected boundaries, and a second analysis was performed using these boundaries. RESULTS: When no manual correction of boundaries was performed, there were no significant effects between different sessions (P = 0.529) or between different scans within the same session (P = 0.509). Average retinal thickness was found to be 274 +/- 17 microm for a 1-mm long region 0.75 mm from the fovea. Individual scan averages differed from overall patient averages by 0 +/- 4.3 microm (99% confidence interval, 11.2 microm). CONCLUSIONS: OCT measurements of macular thickness made with the Humphrey 2000 OCT system are repeatable over different sessions with an expected variation of less than 11 microm (99% confidence interval).  (+info)

Effects of systemic NO synthase inhibition on choroidal and optic nerve head blood flow in healthy subjects. (8/381)

PURPOSE: There is evidence from animal studies that nitric oxide (NO) is a major determinant of ocular blood flow. In humans NO synthase inhibition reduces pulsatile choroidal blood flow, but no data on optic nerve head (ONH) vasculature are available yet. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of NO synthase inhibition on human choroidal and ONH blood flow using laser Doppler flowmetry. METHODS: The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked, balanced three-way crossover. On separate study days 12 healthy male subjects received infusions of N:(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NMMA; either 3 mg/kg over 5 minutes followed by 30 microg/kg per minute over 55 minutes or 6 mg/kg over 5 minutes followed by 60 microg/kg per minute over 55 minutes) or placebo. The effects of L-NMMA or placebo on choroidal and ONH blood flow were measured with laser Doppler flowmetry. In addition, laser interferometric measurement of fundus pulsation was performed in the macula to assess pulsatile choroidal blood flow. RESULTS: L-NMMA reduced all outcome parameters in the choroid and the ONH. The higher dose of L-NMMA caused a significant decrease in blood flow in the choroid (-26% +/- 9%; P: < 0.001) and the ONH (-20% +/- 16%; P: < 0.001) as evidenced from laser Doppler flowmetry and a significant decrease in fundus pulsation amplitude (-26% +/- 5%; P: < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that NO is continuously released in human choroidal and ONH vessels.  (+info)

Interferometry is not specifically a medical term, but it is used in certain medical fields such as ophthalmology and optics research. Here is a general definition:

Interferometry is a physical method that uses the interference of waves to measure the differences in phase between two or more waves. In other words, it's a technique that combines two or more light waves to create an interference pattern, which can then be analyzed to extract information about the properties of the light waves, such as their wavelength, amplitude, and phase.

In ophthalmology, interferometry is used in devices like wavefront sensors to measure the aberrations in the eye's optical system. By analyzing the interference pattern created by the light passing through the eye, these devices can provide detailed information about the shape and curvature of the cornea and lens, helping doctors to diagnose and treat various vision disorders.

In optics research, interferometry is used to study the properties of light waves and materials that interact with them. By analyzing the interference patterns created by light passing through different materials or devices, researchers can gain insights into their optical properties, such as their refractive index, thickness, and surface roughness.

Refractometry is a medical laboratory technique used to measure the refractive index of a substance, typically a liquid. The refractive index is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in the substance being measured. In a clinical setting, refractometry is often used to determine the concentration of total solids in a fluid, such as urine or serum, by measuring the angle at which light passes through the sample. This information can be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of various medical conditions, including dehydration, kidney disease, and diabetes. Refractometry is also used in the field of optometry to measure the refractive error of the eye, or the amount and type of correction needed to provide clear vision.

Interference microscopy is a type of microscopy that uses the interference of light waves to enhance contrast and visualize details in a specimen. It is often used to measure thin transparent samples, such as cells or tissues, with very high precision. One common method of interference microscopy is phase contrast microscopy, which converts differences in the optical path length of light passing through the sample into changes in amplitude and/or phase of the transmitted light. This results in enhanced contrast and visibility of details that may be difficult to see using other forms of microscopy. Other types of interference microscopy include differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, which uses polarized light to enhance contrast, and holographic microscopy, which records and reconstructs the wavefront of light passing through the sample to create a 3D image.

A laser is not a medical term per se, but a physical concept that has important applications in medicine. The term "LASER" stands for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation." It refers to a device that produces and amplifies light with specific characteristics, such as monochromaticity (single wavelength), coherence (all waves moving in the same direction), and high intensity.

In medicine, lasers are used for various therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, including surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, and dentistry. They can be used to cut, coagulate, or vaporize tissues with great precision, minimizing damage to surrounding structures. Additionally, lasers can be used to detect and measure physiological parameters, such as blood flow and oxygen saturation.

It's important to note that while lasers are powerful tools in medicine, they must be used by trained professionals to ensure safe and effective treatment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "holography" is not a term that has a medical definition. Holography is a technique used to create 3D images, typically using laser light. It is commonly used in non-medical fields such as data storage, art, and security features on credit cards and banknotes. I'm here to help with medical information, so please feel free to ask me about any medical topics or questions you might have!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Radar" is not a medical term. Radar is an acronym that stands for Radio Detection and Ranging, which is a technology used in detecting the range, angle, or velocity of objects using radio waves. It is commonly used in various fields such as aviation, navigation, meteorology, and defense. If you have any medical terms you would like me to define, please let me know!

An eye hemorrhage, also known as subconjunctival hemorrhage, is a condition where there is bleeding in the eye, specifically under the conjunctiva which is the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye (sclera). This membrane has tiny blood vessels that can rupture and cause blood to accumulate, leading to a visible red patch on the surface of the eye.

Eye hemorrhages are usually painless and harmless, and they often resolve on their own within 1-2 weeks without any treatment. However, if they occur frequently or are accompanied by other symptoms such as vision changes, pain, or sensitivity to light, it is important to seek medical attention as they could indicate a more serious underlying condition. Common causes of eye hemorrhages include trauma, high blood pressure, blood thinners, and aging.

Fiber optic technology in the medical context refers to the use of thin, flexible strands of glass or plastic fibers that are designed to transmit light and images along their length. These fibers are used to create bundles, known as fiber optic cables, which can be used for various medical applications such as:

1. Illumination: Fiber optics can be used to deliver light to hard-to-reach areas during surgical procedures or diagnostic examinations.
2. Imaging: Fiber optics can transmit images from inside the body, enabling doctors to visualize internal structures and tissues. This is commonly used in medical imaging techniques such as endoscopy, colonoscopy, and laparoscopy.
3. Sensing: Fiber optic sensors can be used to measure various physiological parameters such as temperature, pressure, and strain within the body. These sensors can provide real-time data during surgical procedures or for monitoring patients' health status.

Fiber optic technology offers several advantages over traditional medical imaging techniques, including high resolution, flexibility, small diameter, and the ability to bend around corners without significant loss of image quality. Additionally, fiber optics are non-magnetic and can be used in MRI environments without causing interference.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Moire Topography" is not a recognized term in medical literature or anatomy. Moiré refers to a pattern created when two grids or patterns are overlaid, resulting in a new pattern of alternating light and dark lines. This phenomenon can be seen in various fields such as physics, mathematics, and graphic design. However, it is not typically used in the context of medical definitions related to anatomy or pathology. If you have any other questions or need information on a different topic, please let me know!

Medical Definition of Optical Fibers:

Optical fibers are thin, transparent strands of glass or plastic fiber that are designed to transmit light along their length. In the medical field, optical fibers are used in various applications such as illumination, imaging, and data transmission. For instance, they are used in flexible endoscopes to provide illumination and visualization inside the body during diagnostic or surgical procedures. They are also used in optical communication systems for transmitting information in the form of light signals within medical devices or between medical facilities. The use of optical fibers allows for minimally invasive procedures, improved image quality, and increased data transmission rates.

In the context of medical terminology, "light" doesn't have a specific or standardized definition on its own. However, it can be used in various medical terms and phrases. For example, it could refer to:

1. Visible light: The range of electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye, typically between wavelengths of 400-700 nanometers. This is relevant in fields such as ophthalmology and optometry.
2. Therapeutic use of light: In some therapies, light is used to treat certain conditions. An example is phototherapy, which uses various wavelengths of ultraviolet (UV) or visible light for conditions like newborn jaundice, skin disorders, or seasonal affective disorder.
3. Light anesthesia: A state of reduced consciousness in which the patient remains responsive to verbal commands and physical stimulation. This is different from general anesthesia where the patient is completely unconscious.
4. Pain relief using light: Certain devices like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) units have a 'light' setting, indicating lower intensity or frequency of electrical impulses used for pain management.

Without more context, it's hard to provide a precise medical definition of 'light'.

Biometry, also known as biometrics, is the scientific study of measurements and statistical analysis of living organisms. In a medical context, biometry is often used to refer to the measurement and analysis of physical characteristics or features of the human body, such as height, weight, blood pressure, heart rate, and other physiological variables. These measurements can be used for a variety of purposes, including diagnosis, treatment planning, monitoring disease progression, and research.

In addition to physical measurements, biometry may also refer to the use of statistical methods to analyze biological data, such as genetic information or medical images. This type of analysis can help researchers and clinicians identify patterns and trends in large datasets, and make predictions about health outcomes or treatment responses.

Overall, biometry is an important tool in modern medicine, as it allows healthcare professionals to make more informed decisions based on data and evidence.

In medical terms, "tears" are a clear, salty liquid that is produced by the tear glands (lacrimal glands) in our eyes. They serve to keep the eyes moist, protect against dust and other foreign particles, and help to provide clear vision by maintaining a smooth surface on the front of the eye. Tears consist of water, oil, and mucus, which help to prevent evaporation and ensure that the tears spread evenly across the surface of the eye. Emotional or reflexive responses, such as crying or yawning, can also stimulate the production of tears.

The eye is the organ of sight, primarily responsible for detecting and focusing on visual stimuli. It is a complex structure composed of various parts that work together to enable vision. Here are some of the main components of the eye:

1. Cornea: The clear front part of the eye that refracts light entering the eye and protects the eye from harmful particles and microorganisms.
2. Iris: The colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light reaching the retina by adjusting the size of the pupil.
3. Pupil: The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.
4. Lens: A biconvex structure located behind the iris that further refracts light and focuses it onto the retina.
5. Retina: A layer of light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) at the back of the eye that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve.
6. Optic Nerve: The nerve that carries visual information from the retina to the brain.
7. Vitreous: A clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina, providing structural support to the eye.
8. Conjunctiva: A thin, transparent membrane that covers the front of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids.
9. Extraocular Muscles: Six muscles that control the movement of the eye, allowing for proper alignment and focus.

The eye is a remarkable organ that allows us to perceive and interact with our surroundings. Various medical specialties, such as ophthalmology and optometry, are dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of various eye conditions and diseases.

Ocular refraction is a medical term that refers to the bending of light as it passes through the optical media of the eye, including the cornea and lens. This process allows the eye to focus light onto the retina, creating a clear image. The refractive power of the eye is determined by the curvature and transparency of these structures.

In a normal eye, light rays are bent or refracted in such a way that they converge at a single point on the retina, producing a sharp and focused image. However, if the curvature of the cornea or lens is too steep or too flat, the light rays may not converge properly, resulting in a refractive error such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), or astigmatism.

Ocular refraction can be measured using a variety of techniques, including retinoscopy, automated refraction, and subjective refraction. These measurements are used to determine the appropriate prescription for corrective lenses such as eyeglasses or contact lenses. In some cases, ocular refractive errors may be corrected surgically through procedures such as LASIK or PRK.

Axial length, in the context of the eye, refers to the measurement of the distance between the front and back portions of the eye, specifically from the cornea (the clear front "window" of the eye) to the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye). This measurement is typically expressed in millimeters (mm).

The axial length of the eye is an important factor in determining the overall refractive power of the eye and can play a role in the development of various eye conditions, such as myopia (nearsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightedness). Changes in axial length, particularly elongation, are often associated with an increased risk of developing myopia. Regular monitoring of axial length can help eye care professionals track changes in the eye and manage these conditions more effectively.

Radiation scattering is a physical process in which radiation particles or waves deviate from their original direction due to interaction with matter. This phenomenon can occur through various mechanisms such as:

1. Elastic Scattering: Also known as Thomson scattering or Rayleigh scattering, it occurs when the energy of the scattered particle or wave remains unchanged after the collision. In the case of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light), this results in a change of direction without any loss of energy.
2. Inelastic Scattering: This type of scattering involves an exchange of energy between the scattered particle and the target medium, leading to a change in both direction and energy of the scattered particle or wave. An example is Compton scattering, where high-energy photons (e.g., X-rays or gamma rays) interact with charged particles (usually electrons), resulting in a decrease in photon energy and an increase in electron kinetic energy.
3. Coherent Scattering: In this process, the scattered radiation maintains its phase relationship with the incident radiation, leading to constructive and destructive interference patterns. An example is Bragg scattering, which occurs when X-rays interact with a crystal lattice, resulting in diffraction patterns that reveal information about the crystal structure.

In medical contexts, radiation scattering can have both beneficial and harmful effects. For instance, in diagnostic imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) scans, radiation scattering contributes to image noise and reduces contrast resolution. However, in radiation therapy for cancer treatment, controlled scattering of therapeutic radiation beams can help ensure that the tumor receives a uniform dose while minimizing exposure to healthy tissues.

Equipment design, in the medical context, refers to the process of creating and developing medical equipment and devices, such as surgical instruments, diagnostic machines, or assistive technologies. This process involves several stages, including:

1. Identifying user needs and requirements
2. Concept development and brainstorming
3. Prototyping and testing
4. Design for manufacturing and assembly
5. Safety and regulatory compliance
6. Verification and validation
7. Training and support

The goal of equipment design is to create safe, effective, and efficient medical devices that meet the needs of healthcare providers and patients while complying with relevant regulations and standards. The design process typically involves a multidisciplinary team of engineers, clinicians, designers, and researchers who work together to develop innovative solutions that improve patient care and outcomes.

The anterior chamber is the front portion of the eye, located between the cornea (the clear front "window" of the eye) and the iris (the colored part of the eye). It is filled with a clear fluid called aqueous humor that provides nutrients to the structures inside the eye and helps maintain its shape. The anterior chamber plays an important role in maintaining the overall health and function of the eye.

Equipment Failure Analysis is a process of identifying the cause of failure in medical equipment or devices. This involves a systematic examination and evaluation of the equipment, its components, and operational history to determine why it failed. The analysis may include physical inspection, chemical testing, and review of maintenance records, as well as assessment of design, manufacturing, and usage factors that may have contributed to the failure.

The goal of Equipment Failure Analysis is to identify the root cause of the failure, so that corrective actions can be taken to prevent similar failures in the future. This is important in medical settings to ensure patient safety and maintain the reliability and effectiveness of medical equipment.

Intraocular lenses (IOLs) are artificial lens implants that are placed inside the eye during ophthalmic surgery, such as cataract removal. These lenses are designed to replace the natural lens of the eye that has become clouded or damaged, thereby restoring vision impairment caused by cataracts or other conditions.

There are several types of intraocular lenses available, including monofocal, multifocal, toric, and accommodative lenses. Monofocal IOLs provide clear vision at a single fixed distance, while multifocal IOLs offer clear vision at multiple distances. Toric IOLs are designed to correct astigmatism, and accommodative IOLs can change shape and position within the eye to allow for a range of vision.

The selection of the appropriate type of intraocular lens depends on various factors, including the patient's individual visual needs, lifestyle, and ocular health. The implantation procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis and involves minimal discomfort or recovery time. Overall, intraocular lenses have become a safe and effective treatment option for patients with vision impairment due to cataracts or other eye conditions.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Optics and Photonics" is a broad field that encompasses various scientific and engineering disciplines. It doesn't have a specific medical definition, as it's not a term typically used in a medical context.

However, I can provide a general definition:

Optics is the study of light and its interactions with matter. This includes how light is produced, controlled, transmitted, and detected. It involves phenomena such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference.

Photonics, on the other hand, is a branch of optics that deals with the generation, detection, and manipulation of individual photons, the basic units of light. Photonics is often applied to technologies such as lasers, fiber optics, and optical communications.

In a medical context, these fields might be used in various diagnostic and therapeutic applications, such as endoscopes, ophthalmic devices, laser surgery, and imaging technologies like MRI and CT scans. But the terms "Optics" and "Photonics" themselves are not medical conditions or treatments.

"Fundus Oculi" is a medical term that refers to the back part of the interior of the eye, including the optic disc, macula, fovea, retinal vasculature, and peripheral retina. It is the area where light is focused and then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, forming visual images. Examinations of the fundus oculi are crucial for detecting various eye conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, glaucoma, and other retinal diseases. The examination is typically performed using an ophthalmoscope or a specialized camera called a retinal camera.

Optometry is a healthcare profession that involves examining, diagnosing, and treating disorders related to vision. Optometrists are the primary healthcare practitioners who specialize in prescribing and fitting eyeglasses and contact lenses to correct refractive errors such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism, and presbyopia. They also diagnose and manage various eye diseases, including glaucoma, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration. Optometrists may provide low vision care services to individuals with visual impairments and can offer pre- and post-operative care for patients undergoing eye surgery.

Optometry is a regulated profession that requires extensive education and training, including the completion of a Doctor of Optometry (O.D.) degree program and passing national and state licensing exams. In some jurisdictions, optometrists may also prescribe certain medications to treat eye conditions and diseases.

In the field of medicine, investigative techniques refer to the various methods and procedures used by healthcare professionals to examine, analyze, and gather information about a patient's medical condition, disease, or injury. These techniques can include:

1. Physical examination: A thorough assessment of the patient's body, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation, to identify any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Medical history: The process of obtaining detailed information about a patient's past medical conditions, symptoms, lifestyle, and family medical history.
3. Diagnostic tests: Procedures used to confirm or rule out a particular diagnosis, such as laboratory tests (e.g., blood tests, urine tests), imaging studies (e.g., X-rays, CT scans, MRIs), and functional tests (e.g., stress testing, electrocardiograms).
4. Clinical research: The use of scientific methods to investigate the causes, prevention, and treatment of medical conditions, often through the conduct of clinical trials or observational studies.
5. Forensic medicine: The application of medical knowledge and investigative techniques to legal cases, such as determining the cause of death or identifying victims in mass disasters.
6. Pathology: The study of the causes and effects of diseases, including the examination of tissues and organs to identify abnormalities and determine the nature and extent of a patient's illness.
7. Genetic testing: The use of laboratory techniques to analyze a person's DNA or chromosomes to identify genetic mutations or variations associated with specific medical conditions.

Overall, investigative techniques in medicine are essential for making accurate diagnoses, developing effective treatment plans, and advancing medical knowledge and practice.

Astronomy is not a medical term, but rather it is a branch of science that deals with the study of celestial objects, phenomena, and processes outside the Earth's atmosphere. It involves observing stars, planets, galaxies, and other cosmic entities, and using physical laws to understand their properties and behavior.

Therefore, there is no medical definition for astronomy. However, it is worth noting that some areas of astronomy may have applications in medicine, such as the use of medical imaging techniques that were developed based on principles used in radio astronomy.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Oceanography" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Oceanography is the scientific study of the ocean. It involves understanding and describing the ocean's physical and chemical properties, organisms that live there, and the processes that occur within it and at its boundaries with the seafloor and atmosphere.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health sciences, I'd be happy to help!

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

... is a technique which uses the interference of superimposed waves to extract information. Interferometry ... These include propagation-based phase contrast, Talbot interferometry, Moiré-based far-field interferometry, refraction- ... types of interferometers Ramsey interferometry Seismic interferometry Superposition principle Very-long-baseline interferometry ... and Vertical Scanning Interferometry(VSI), also known as scanning white light interferometry (SWLI) or by the ISO term ...
As such, seismic interferometry is commonly used to estimate ground roll to aid in its removal. Seismic interferometry ... Seismic interferometry is most often used for the examination of the near surface and is often utilized to reconstruct surface ... Seismic interferometry can locate the position of an unknown source and is often utilized in hydrofrac applications to map the ... For example, for interferometry to work noise sources must be uncorrelated and completely surround the region of interest. In ...
... , also known as the separated oscillating fields method, is a form of particle interferometry that uses ... A more modern method, known as Ramsey-Bordé interferometry uses a Ramsey configuration and was developed by French physicist ... Bordé, Christian J. (September 4, 1989). "Atomic interferometry with internal state labelling" (PDF). Physics Letters A. 140 (1 ...
... (University of Warwick)[2] Holographic Interferometry (Rice University) [3] interferometry Holovibes ... Electronic speckle pattern interferometry Holography Interferometry Powell RL & Stetson KA, 1965, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 55, 1593-8 ... Holographic interferometry (HI) is a technique which enables static and dynamic displacements of objects with optically rough ... This technique is known as live holographic interferometry. It is also possible to obtain fringes by making two recordings of ...
... , also known as sea-cliff interferometry, is a form of radio astronomy that uses radio waves reflected off ... W. T. III, Sullivan (1991). "Some highlights of Interferometry in early Radio Astronomy". Radio interferometry: Theory, ... Sea interferometry greatly increases the resolving power of the instrument. The quality of data obtained by a sea ... Among the discoveries made using sea interferometry are that sunspots emit strong radio waves and that the source of radio wave ...
... (SI) or frequency-domain interferometry is a linear technique used to measure optical pulses, with the ... Self-Referenced Spectral Interferometry (SRSI) is a technique where the reference pulse is self created from the unknown pulse ... Spectral Interferometry has gain momentum in recent years. It is frequently used for measuring the linear response of materials ... "Spectral Phase Interferometry". www.rp-photonics.com. Geindre, J. P.; Mysyrowicz, A.; Santos, A. Dos; Audebert, P.; Rousse, A ...
... (CI) is a spread spectrum scheme designed to be used in an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing ( ... Barbosa, P.R.; Zhiqiang Wu; Nassar, C.R. (2003). "High-Performance MIMO-OFDM via Carrier Interferometry". GLOBECOM '03. IEEE ... WO9941871, "Multiple Access System and Method" US 7076168, "Method and apparatus for using multicarrier interferometry to ... 60286850, "Method and apparatus for using Carrier Interferometry to process multi-carrier signals" US 7418043, "Software ...
... (FSI) is an absolute distance measurement technique, for measuring the distance between a ...
... relies on biosensors with a fiber optic tip upon which the ligand is immobilized. The tip is ... Bio-layer interferometry measures kinetics and biomolecular interactions on a basis of wave interference. To prepare for BLI ... Bio-layer interferometry platforms achieve high throughput by utilizing a "Dip and Read" format. The biosensor tips themselves ... Bio-layer interferometry can be used to analyze kinetics in biomolecular systems. The benefits that BLI brings provide ...
Interferometry is a technique pioneered by Albert A. Michelson in the 19th century. Optical interferometry, which has matured ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Space Interferometry Mission. "Fringes: Space Interferometry Mission Newsletter" Index ... The Space Interferometry Mission, or SIM, also known as SIM Lite (formerly known as SIM PlanetQuest), was a planned space ... The Space Interferometry Mission began as a four-month preliminary architecture study in March 1997. NASA selected TRW's Space ...
While white light interferometry is not new, combining old interferometry techniques with modern electronics, computers, and ... Interferometry Coherence Scanning Interferometry White Light Scanner White light Laser Doppler vibrometer Yu. N. Denisyuk (1962 ... White Light Interferometry. Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, U.S. P. de Groot (2015). "Principles of ... Yuri Denisyuk and Emmett Leith, have done much in the area of white light holography and interferometry. Even though there are ...
... (GCI) is a biophysical characterization method mainly used in biochemistry and drug discovery ... Similar to other optical methods such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or bio-layer interferometry (BLI), it is based on ... GCI is based on phase-shifting waveguide interferometry. Light of the sensing arm of the interferometer is coupled into a ... Kozma P, Hamori A, Cottier K, Kurunczi S, Horvath R (September 2009). "Grating coupled interferometry for optical sensing". ...
... is a form of speckle interferometry, that allows diffraction limited imaging from ground-based ... 2000) NIRISS Aperture Masking Interferometry Old method brings life to new stars - ABC Science Online Examples of high- ...
Extensions of dual-polarization interferometry also exist, namely multiple pathlength dual-polarization interferometry (MPL-DPI ... Dual-polarization interferometry (DPI) is an analytical technique that probes molecular layers adsorbed to the surface of a ... A novel application for dual-polarization interferometry emerged in 2008, where the intensity of light passing through the ... Swann, MJ; Freeman, NJ; Cross, GH (2007). "Dual Polarization Interferometry: A Real-Time Optical Technique for Measuring (Bio) ...
Self-mixing or back-injection laser interferometry is an interferometric technique in which a part of the light reflected by a ... For the properties of self-mixing laser interferometry, whenever the vibration of a vibrating target is such that its ... Norgia, M; Bandi, F; Pesatori, A; Donati, S (May 2019). "High-sensitivity vibrometer based on FM self-mixing interferometry". ... CS1 maint: location, CS1 maint: location missing publisher, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list, Interferometry, ...
... is an ultrasound technique for detection of weak and local changes in complex inhomogeneous media. ... In the article Roel Snieder described the theory of the coda wave interferometry. He assumed that fields are considered as a ... Snieder, Roel (2006-02-08). "The Theory of Coda Wave Interferometry". Pure and Applied Geophysics. 163 (2-3): 455-473. Bibcode: ...
Baldwin, J. E. (22-28 August 2002). "Ground-based interferometry - the past decade and the one to come". Interferometry for ... P. Hariharan (2010). Basics of Interferometry. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-046545-6. Look up interferometry in Wiktionary, the free ... In optical astronomy, interferometry is used to combine signals from two or more telescopes to obtain measurements with higher ... P. Hariharan, Optical Interferometry, 2nd edition, Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 2003. Fercher, Adolf F.; Drexler, Wolfgang; ...
"Challenges in white-light phase-shifting interferometry". Proc. SPIE. Interferometry XI: Techniques and Analysis. 4777: 118-127 ... Coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) is any of a class of optical surface measurement methods wherein the localization of ... Wyant, J. C. (September, 1993). How to extend interferometry for rough-surface tests. Laser Focus World, 131-135. Deck, L.; de ... De Groot, P.; Biegen, J.; Clark, J.; Colonna; de Lega, X.; Grigg, D. (2002). "Optical Interferometry for Measurement of the ...
... interferometry. Some of the schemes explored include: 1. SU(1,1) interferometry with one parametric amplifier and a beam ... Interferometry is an important technique in the field of optics that have been utilised for fundamental proof of principles ... Interferometry is a desired platform for precise estimation of physical quantities because of its ability to sense small phase ... SU(1,1) interferometry is a technique that uses parametric amplification for splitting and mixing of electromagnetic waves for ...
... (VLBI) is a type of astronomical interferometry used in radio astronomy. In VLBI a signal ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Very-long-baseline interferometry. E-MERLIN fibre-linked radio telescope array used in ... Imaging the surfaces of nearby stars at radio wavelengths (see also interferometry) - similar techniques have also been used to ... Experiments incorporating such space-borne array elements are termed Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry (SVLBI). The first ...
Holographic interferometry Interferometry Speckle pattern Jones R., Wykes C., Holographic and Speckle Interferometry, 1989, ... Holographic interferometry has no equivalent to in-plane measuring ESPI. Acoustic interferometry, among with electromagnetic ... Holographic interferometry can be used in the same way to map out vibration modes. The object is illuminated by two beams ... Holographic interferometry provides the same information as out-of-plane ESPI fringes. The optical arrangement is the same as ...
... (ms/LCI) is an imaging technique that relies on analyzing multiply scattered ... "Deep imaging of absorption and scattering features by multispectral multiple scattering low coherence interferometry". ... "Fourier domain multispectral multiple scattering low coherence interferometry". Applied Optics. 52 (34): 8220-8228. Bibcode: ...
... (a/LCI) is an emerging[when?] biomedical imaging technology which uses the ... A/LCI combines low-coherence interferometry with angle-resolved scattering to solve the inverse problem of determining ... Applied spectroscopy Coherence length Fourier transform Optical interferometry Optical coherence tomography Antarctic Logistics ... a/LCI uses a broadband light source in an interferometry scheme in order to achieve optical sectioning with a depth resolution ...
Spectral shearing interferometry is similar in concept to lateral shearing interferometry, except the shearing is performed in ... In ultrafast optics, spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER) is an ultrashort pulse ... is an interferometric ultrashort pulse measurement technique in the frequency domain based on spectral shearing interferometry ...
The Free-orbit Experiment with Laser Interferometry X-Rays (FELIX) belongs to a category of experiments exploring whether ...
Interferometry is the process of combining waves in such a way that they constructively interfere. When two or more independent ... "Interferometry 101: How light is combined from multiple telescopes." 5 July 2001. 12 September 2007. [11]. Rodenburg, John M. " ... Interferometry. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Steve Unwin. "Origins." Origins Project. National Aeronautics and ... Optimal Motion Planning for Dual-Spacecraft Interferometry. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems Vol. 43, No. ...
Interferometry is still fundamental in establishing the calibration chain in length measurement. Interferometry is used in the ... All interferometry prior to the invention of the laser was done using such sources and had a wide range of successful ... Interferometry has played an important role in the advancement of physics, and also has a wide range of applications in ... Interferometry has been used in defining and calibrating length standards. When the metre was defined as the distance between ...
Quantum Interferometry. Wiley-VCH. pp. 539-544. Orly Alter and Yoshihisa Yamamoto (2001). Quantum Measurement of a Single ...
Very-long-baseline interferometry Amplitude-comparison monopulse Monopulse radar Mahafza, Bassem R. (1998). Introduction to ...
"Space Interferometry". ASRI, Technion. Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2015. "Asri". Archived ... The Laboratory for Space Interferometry (LaSI) at the Asher Space Research Institute seeks solutions for improving the angular ...
Interferometry is a technique which uses the interference of superimposed waves to extract information. Interferometry ... These include propagation-based phase contrast, Talbot interferometry, Moiré-based far-field interferometry, refraction- ... types of interferometers Ramsey interferometry Seismic interferometry Superposition principle Very-long-baseline interferometry ... and Vertical Scanning Interferometry(VSI), also known as scanning white light interferometry (SWLI) or by the ISO term ...
Now a scientific research technique called Atomic Interferometry is trying to re-write the canon. In conjunction with ... SVS >> Atomic Interferometry SVS >> LIGO SVS >> Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) SVS >> Relativity ... Now a scientific research technique called Atomic Interferometry is trying to re-write the canon. In conjunction with ...
"Compact Atom Interferometry Inertial Navigation Sensors with Tailored Diffractive Optics" (SD 15237). ... photonic-integrated-circuit laser system implemented with silicon photonic single sideband modulators for atom interferometry ...
The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is the national metrology institute providing scientific and technical services. PTB measures with the highest accuracy and reliability - metrology as the core competence.
Johnson, P. and Tiesinga, E. (2013), Quadrature interferometry for nonequilibrium ultracold atoms in optical lattices, Physical ... https://www.nist.gov/publications/quadrature-interferometry-nonequilibrium-ultracold-atoms-optical-lattices ...
Z-pinch 1D interferometry setup. You are here: Projects» Diagnostics» Laser-aided spectroscopy» Interferometry ...
This phenomenon is often referred to as Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg (LZS) interferometry. Phenomena related to LZS interferometry ... Here we review recent experimental results on LZS interferometry, and we present related theory. Comments:. Review article. 26 ... Title:Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg interferometry. Authors:S.N. Shevchenko, S. Ashhab, Franco Nori ... Download a PDF of the paper titled Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg interferometry, by S.N. Shevchenko and 2 other authors ...
MDI is a modified form of seismic interferometry to predict and subtract scattered ground-roll noise from land seismic data. ... Model-driven interferometry (MDI) modifies the classical interferometric method by replacing one of the interferometry inputs ... Model-Driven Interferometry Published: 02/01/2010 Prediction and subtraction of complex high-order scattered surface waves from ... Our model-driven interferometric ground-roll attenuation provides a solution using a modified form of seismic interferometry to ...
... Détails Publication : 25 février 2020 Call for nominations for the Fizeau Lifetime Achievement ... The Prizes were first created in 2010 by the then-IAU Commission 54 for Optical and Infrared Interferometry, OCA, and the Mt. ... Guy Perrin entered the world of optical interferometry when, as a student, he worked with the group that demonstrated the power ... Wesley A. Traub for his broad and crucial contributions to the development of the field of Optical Interferometry during his ...
Interferometry is primarily used in the fields of fiber optics, engineering metrology, optical metrology, seismology, ... Interferometry is a series of techniques that uses a series of superimposed electromagnetic waves to extract data and other ... How does Interferometry Work?. Interferometry provides a high resolution depiction of the spatial relationships for specified ... What are the Uses of Interferometry?. Radio interferometry was the most prevalent use of the technique after its discovery due ...
Optical Interferometry provides an important complement to the other large telescope projects in Europe over the next 10 years ... OPTICON FP7 (2013-2016) WP4 - Image reconstruction in optical interferometry. WP leader: Eric Thiebaut (CNRS). ... The linear scales resolved by optical interferometry offer for the first time the possibility to directly image transient ...
... interferometry. This observational technique combines the light received by two or more telescopes and allows them to act as a ...
What is interferometry? From this page, you will learn.... *That interferometry is a technique often applied in astronomy that ... What is very long baseline interferometry, the technique used by the Event Horizon Telescope? Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry ... How does ESO use interferometry? ESO uses interferometry on two flagship scientific projects: the VLTI and ALMA. ... That interferometry is used to study all types of celestial objects, from cold gas clouds, to exoplanets, details on the ...
Short gauge blocks measured by interferometry This comparison is equvalent to the EUROMET L-K1 comparison piloted by ...
Atom interferometry, atomic clocks}, publisher = {Perimeter Institute}, year = {2022}, month = {sep}, note = {PIRSA:22090006 ... Atom interferometry, atomic clocks. Perimeter Institute, Sep. 19, 2022, https://pirsa.org/22090006 ... Hogan, J. (2022). Atom interferometry, atomic clocks. Perimeter Institute. https://pirsa.org/22090006 ...
World Interferometry Day 2023. HSU 31. March 2023. There will be a talk during the Symposium on 17.04. by Katharina Isleif on ...
Low-coherent interferometry offers very high resolution for geometric distance measurements and achieves very high accuracies ... Low-coherence Interferometry. Tolerance-compliant manufacturing processes using adaptive process control through coaxially ... For monitoring laser processes, the Fraunhofer IPT has developed a sensor system based on low-coherence interferometry that can ... In addition, low-coherence interferometry allows material and surface independent monitoring and adaption of the laser process. ...
BLI uses the principle of optical interferometry to generate real time binding curves. An optic fiber is coated with a specific ... SGS announced on April 26, 2016, that it is introducing bio-layer interferometry (BLI) for the analysis of molecular ...
9 ("The Sharpest Vision - Interferometry with the VLT") is published on May 24, 2000. It is issued in conjunction with the ... Video News Release 9: The Sharpest Vision - Interferometry with the VLT (eso0020a). ...
We have developed a dynamic holographic interferometry (DHI) setup to measure changes in attitudes, distortions and vibrations ... We have developed a dynamic holographic interferometry (DHI) setup to measure changes in attitudes, distortions and vibrations ... Assessment of 3-D Angular Movements of Diffuse Objects Using Holographic Interferometry ... "Assessment of 3-D Angular Movements of Diffuse Objects Using Holographic Interferometry" Digital Holography and Three- ...
Categories AstronomyTags interferometer, interferometry2 Comments on Interferograms Bath Interferometer. Most interferometer ... Categories AstronomyTags Bath, interferometry, N240Leave a comment on Bath interferometer v2 Interferograms. ... Tag: interferometry. HeNe FTIR fringes. Fringes from the University of Helsinki FTIR instrument, while aligning it using a HeNe ... Categories ResearchTags ftir, hene, interferometer, interferometry, qhy5Leave a comment on HeNe FTIR fringes Bath ...
Large deformation and mechanical behavior analysis using temporal speckle pattern interferometry Author(s): Gang Tao; Xide Li; ...
... evaluation procedure which overcomes the limitations of the unambiguity range of conventional multi-wavelength interferometry. ... Keywords: Interferometry; multi-wavelength; shear interferometry; step measurement; statistical analysis method. Schlagwörter: ... In: Interferometry XII: Techniques and Analysis, SPIE, vol. 5531 (2004), pp. 44-53.10.1117/12.562578Search in Google Scholar ... 5. Y. Cheng, J. Wyant, Two-wavelength phase shifting interferometry, Appl. Opt. 24 (1985), 804.10.1364/AO.23.004539Search in ...
seeks a recent Ph.D. scientist for a position in radio interferometry to support our customers at the United States Naval ... PhD in astronomy, physics, engineering, or related field with experience in radio interferometry, data reduction, and analysis. ... Expertise in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI).. • Experience using the VLBA or VLBA-derived data. ... In the subject line, please write "interferometry." A cover letter is optional. ...
Envelope modulated x-ray grating interferometry. *Mark. Pandeshwar, Amogha ; Kagias, Matias LU ; Shi, Zhitian and Stampanoni, ... X-ray dark-field and phase contrast imaging using grating interferometry (GI) have demonstrated great potential for medical and ... X-ray dark-field and phase contrast imaging using grating interferometry (GI) have demonstrated great potential for medical and ... X-ray dark-field and phase contrast imaging using grating interferometry (GI) have demonstrated great potential for medical and ...
This thesis presents the design and production of a compact and portable atom interferometry system. A single device with a ... For this application, atom interferometry systems must be made more portable by reducing the size, weight and power consumption ... The techniques of atom interferometry, which perform the most sensitive absolute gravity measurements to date [1], also offer ... Earl, Luuk (2021). A compact and portable atom interferometry system. University of Birmingham. Ph.D. ...
Radar interferometry is carried out by analyzing multi-temporal images of the same area (taken with the shift of the radar ... Radar Interferometry Facilitates Obtaining Data on Earth Motion. 06 October 2021. According to media reports, in the Lazarevsky ... Satellite monitoring, in particular, radar interferometry data provided by SCANEX Group may help head off such situations. For ...
Calculation and error analysis of a digital elevation model of Hofsjokull, Iceland, from SAR interferometry January 1, 1999 ... Results show that low temporal correlation is a significant problem for the application of interferometry to small, low- ... Calculation and error analysis of a digital elevation model of Hofsjokull, Iceland, from SAR interferometry. ... a geodetic airborne laser-altimetry swath is compared with the elevations derived from the interferometry. The DEM is also ...
  • The two prizes are similar but complementary, with the Fizeau Prize emphasizing innovative technical and theoretical work, and the Michelson Prize emphasizing application of interferometry to astrophysical research. (oca.eu)
  • Results show that low temporal correlation is a significant problem for the application of interferometry to small, low-elevation ice caps, even over a one-day repeat interval, and especially at the higher elevations. (usgs.gov)
  • Satellite monitoring, in particular, radar interferometry data provided by SCANEX Group may help head off such situations. (scanex.ru)
  • Radar interferometry is carried out by analyzing multi-temporal images of the same area (taken with the shift of the radar receiving antenna) using the ScanEx Image Processor® software. (scanex.ru)
  • We present results of applying seismic interferometry to image dipping sediments abutting a salt dome. (onepetro.org)
  • To process these data, we create a set of redatummed traces using seismic interferometry. (onepetro.org)
  • The final migrated results demonstrate that the reflected turning ray energy from both the salt flank and sediments are adequate to create structurally correct images using the combination of seismic interferometry and prestack depth migration. (onepetro.org)
  • With the first method: receiver-pair seismic interferometry, a well-sampled circular array of receivers is used. (earthdoc.org)
  • And he undertook the challenge of evolving the FLUOR concept into the first efficient precision interferometry machine. (oca.eu)
  • This department's research encompasses precision interferometry instrumentation for ground-based and space-based gravitational-wave observatories and laser-optical searches for fundamental interactions beyond the standard model. (mpg.de)
  • The department Precision Interferometry and Fundamental Interactions has been established in August of 2022 and is led by Guido Müller. (mpg.de)
  • For monitoring laser processes, the Fraunhofer IPT has developed a sensor system based on low-coherence interferometry that can be easily integrated into existing laser processing units. (fraunhofer.de)
  • In addition, low-coherence interferometry allows material and surface independent monitoring and adaption of the laser process. (fraunhofer.de)
  • 2017): Inline surface topography measurements of ultrashort laser pulsed manufactured micro structures based on low coherence interferometry, Fraunhofer IPT 2017. (fraunhofer.de)
  • PSI's technology will combine the high resolution surface roughness measurement capability of Scanning Low Coherence Interferometry (SLCI) with the powerful surface chemistry characterization capability offered by Raman spectroscopy to perform non-destructive evaluation of CMC roughness and surface composition. (psicorp.com)
  • We have developed a dynamic holographic interferometry (DHI) setup to measure changes in attitudes, distortions and vibrations of objects, using a holocamera. (bepress.com)
  • The techniques of speckle beam holographic interferometry and speckle photographic interferometry are described. (harvard.edu)
  • Sandia researchers have also designed and tested a multi-channel photonic-integrated-circuit laser system implemented with silicon photonic single sideband modulators for atom interferometry applications. (sandia.gov)
  • Compact Atom Interferometry Inertial Navigation Sensors with Tailored Diffractive Optics" (SD 15237). (sandia.gov)
  • The techniques of atom interferometry, which perform the most sensitive absolute gravity measurements to date [1], also offer potential improvement for portable sensors. (bham.ac.uk)
  • For this application, atom interferometry systems must be made more portable by reducing the size, weight and power consumption while improving robustness to changing environmental conditions. (bham.ac.uk)
  • This thesis presents the design and production of a compact and portable atom interferometry system. (bham.ac.uk)
  • Atom interferometry offers a number advantages to the field of precision metrology overt over optical interferometers due to the sensitivity of atoms to external electromagnetic fields and inertial forces. (wisc.edu)
  • We report on the design, construction, and characterization of a 10 m-long high-performance magnetic shield for very long baseline atom interferometry. (aip.org)
  • Acoustical Speckle Interferometry. (dtic.mil)
  • Six experiments are conducted using numerical cross-correlation analysis to verify the hypothesis that acoustical speckle interferometry may be used to determine displacements. (dtic.mil)
  • It was more recently discovered that optical interferometry can achieve measurements with an even smaller error rate because the wavelength of visible light is smaller than radio waves. (tech-faq.com)
  • Low-coherent interferometry offers very high resolution for geometric distance measurements and achieves very high accuracies in the characterization of component features. (fraunhofer.de)
  • In this paper, we present the deformation measurements in volcanic area with consideration of atmospheric delay corrections using multi-stack persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI). (vde-verlag.de)
  • To explore this regime, we perfromed Josephson interferometry measurements of LSCO-Au-Nb Josephson junctions formed on edges and corners of an overdoped single crystal of La 1.75 Sr 0.25 CuO 4 with a T c of ~18K. (aps.org)
  • How ESO plays a role in two interferometry projects: ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer ( VLTI ) and the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array ( ALMA ). (eso.org)
  • Given the limit to the diameter of mirrors and antennas we can produce, astronomers therefore turn to interferometry, by combining two or more telescopes to create a "virtual" instrument, called an interferometer . (eso.org)
  • These experiments are highly sophisticated and complex laser interferometric experiments and ideal candidates have a strong interest in laser interferometry and/or quantum optics experiments. (mpg.de)
  • Development of a second generation apparatus to utilise the ac ring trap for Sagnac interferometry with Bose (87Rb) and Fermi (40K) quantum degenerate gases is described. (wisc.edu)
  • Quantum Phase in Interferometry. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Prizes were first created in 2010 by the then-IAU Commission 54 for Optical and Infrared Interferometry, OCA, and the Mt. Wilson Institute (MWI). (oca.eu)
  • The purpose of the Fizeau Prize is to provide recognition within the interferometry community, as well as in the broader science community, of theoretical and technical progress and developments in the rapidly growing field of optical interferometry, and to assist the OCA with engaging the community in promoting the future of optical interferometry. (oca.eu)
  • The Prize recognizes outstanding achievement in fundamentals and implementation of optical interferometry. (oca.eu)
  • The Fizeau Prize for Contributions to Astronomical Optical Interferometry is jointly sponsored by the Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA) and the Lowell Observatory. (oca.eu)
  • The OCA includes research departments that have a long and continuing history of innovative contributions to the development of optical interferometry. (oca.eu)
  • The Joint Fizeau-Michelson Prize Committee awards the 2022 Fizeau Lifetime Achievement Award to Dr. Theo ten Brummelaar for his leadership and long-term efforts in forwarding the technology and practice of astronomical optical interferometry, as evidenced by his central role in the optical, computational, and scientific development of the CHARA Array. (oca.eu)
  • The Joint Fizeau-Michelson Prize Committee awards the 2022 Fizeau Lifetime Achievement Award to Guy Perrin for his accomplishments in theory and technology of optical interferometry, his impressive achievements in fundamentals and implementation of advanced instrument methods, and for his broad support to the interferometry community over more than two decades. (oca.eu)
  • Guy Perrin entered the world of optical interferometry when, as a student, he worked with the group that demonstrated the power of single-mode fibers for interferometric measurement (Coudé du Foresto, Mariotti and Ridgway). (oca.eu)
  • The Joint Fizeau-Michelson Prize Committee awards the 2018 Fizeau Lifetime Achievement Award to Dr. Wesley A. Traub for his broad and crucial contributions to the development of the field of Optical Interferometry during his career at Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (oca.eu)
  • Optical Interferometry provides an important complement to the other large telescope projects in Europe over the next 10 years: its ten times higher angular resolution (compared to the more sensitive E-ELT and JWST) and its different wavelength (with respect to ALMA) provide a unique astronomical tool to peer into the innermost regions of planets, stars and black hole formation. (astro-opticon.org)
  • The linear scales resolved by optical interferometry offer for the first time the possibility to directly image transient astrophysical processes, like the formation and destruction of circumstellar material during planet formation as well as motion under the gravitational pull of a supermassive black hole. (astro-opticon.org)
  • BLI uses the principle of optical interferometry to generate real time binding curves. (biopharminternational.com)
  • Her research interest is optical metrology like multi-wavelength interferometry and digital holography. (degruyter.com)
  • Depending on accessories, EV 2.0 is dedicated to Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) or Multiwavelength Interferometry (INT) Endpoint process real-time Monitoring, on single chamber or cluster tool configuration. (horiba.com)
  • Several configurations to manage Optical Emission Spectroscopy and/or Multi-wavelengths Interferometry diagnosis. (horiba.com)
  • Nonlinear optical interferometry based on two-wave mixing and/or photo-induced electromotive force techniques will be used for AE signal detection from rock structures in mine sites. (cdc.gov)
  • In this seminar, I will describe how I use optical/IR interferometry to probe the lives of massive stars, from their formation to their evolved stages, and how this technique can shed a unique view on these influential objects. (lu.se)
  • Measurement of distances or movements by means of the phenomena caused by the interference of two rays of light (optical interferometry) or of sound (acoustic interferometry). (bvsalud.org)
  • Using HORIBA excellence in optics and spectroscopy proprietary managers allow to interface several sensors from OES to interferometry, with openness for external integrations. (horiba.com)
  • One of our aims is to increase the number of entangled photons, which are based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion and photonic interferometry. (ustc.edu.cn)
  • That interferometry is a technique often applied in astronomy that allows us to pick up details that even the largest telescopes today cannot resolve. (eso.org)
  • The hunger for even better resolutions is the reason for the use of interferometry in astronomy. (eso.org)
  • Interferometry is a technique which uses the interference of superimposed waves to extract information. (wikipedia.org)
  • X-ray dark-field and phase contrast imaging using grating interferometry (GI) have demonstrated great potential for medical and industrial applications. (lu.se)
  • Standard phase shifting interferometry (PSI) algorithms are used to obtain phase map from fringe patterns. (photonics.pl)
  • In this paper new multispectral phase shifting interferometry algorithm (mPSI) has been proposed. (photonics.pl)
  • J. Schmit, K. Creath,"Extended averaging technique for derivation of error-compensating algorithms in phase-shifting interferometry", Appl. (photonics.pl)
  • P. Hariharan, M. Roy,"White-light Phase-stepping Interferometry for Surface Profiling", J. Mod. (photonics.pl)
  • P. de Groot,"Measurement of Transparent Plates with Wavelength-Tuned Phase-Shifting Interferometry", Appl. (photonics.pl)
  • Interferometry makes use of the principle of superposition to combine waves in a way that will cause the result of their combination to have some meaningful property that is diagnostic of the original state of the waves. (wikipedia.org)
  • It can be used to increase measurement range of standard interferometry by analyzing fringe pattern created by multiplication of two other fringe patterns recorded with the use two different wavelength. (photonics.pl)
  • Computational Physics, Inc. seeks a recent Ph.D. scientist for a position in radio interferometry to support our customers at the United States Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C. The successful candidate will lead research using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) on a range of topics, including active galactic nuclei (AGNs). (aas.org)
  • Expertise in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). (aas.org)
  • Now a scientific research technique called Atomic Interferometry is trying to re-write the canon. (nasa.gov)
  • Radio interferometry was the most prevalent use of the technique after its discovery due to the higher degree of accuracy that the technique could obtain. (tech-faq.com)
  • This technique is suitable for creating scalable toroidal waveguides for applications in matterwave interferometry, with a large enclosed area and long interaction times. (wisc.edu)
  • In particular, recent experiments on LZS interferometry in superconducting TLSs (qubits) have demonstrated the potential for using this kind of interferometry as an effective tool for obtaining the parameters characterizing the TLS as well as its interaction with the control fields and with the environment. (arxiv.org)
  • Vertical Scanning Interferometry (VSI) has emerged as a premier tool to observe and quantify surface retreat of mineral surfaces that develop during dissolution experiments. (confex.com)
  • One disadvantage of interferometry is that less light is collected on the separate mirrors/antennas of the array, than if one telescope as large as the array was used - it is as if there are gaps in the light collecting surface of the virtual telescope. (eso.org)
  • Interferometry is a series of techniques that uses a series of superimposed electromagnetic waves to extract data and other insights regarding the waves. (tech-faq.com)
  • SGS announced on April 26, 2016, that it is introducing bio-layer interferometry (BLI) for the analysis of molecular interactions in real time, at its laboratory in Mississauga, Canada. (biopharminternational.com)
  • Here we present single-shot coherent transition radiation (CTR) imaging and interferometry data from electron bunches ~2 mm after emerging from a 300 MeV LWFA. (infn.it)
  • He had assigned Huang, then an MD-PhD candidate at MIT, to explore interferometry with short-coherence light to match the ability of femtosecond laser optics to distinguish skin layers and measure corneal thickness in animal eyes. (medscape.com)
  • That interferometry is used to study all types of celestial objects, from cold gas clouds , to exoplanets , details on the surfaces of stars , and even the environments around black holes . (eso.org)
  • In the present study Differential Interferometry and Long-range μPIV are successfully combined for a benchmark experiment of an accelerating temperature driven boundary layer flow. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Biolayer interferometry (BLI) was employed to study the impact of the milk matrix on the binding of ricin to asialofetuin (ASF) and to antibodies . (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we used bio-layer interferometry (BLI) to discern the differences in binding affinity between multiple human and mink-derived S glycoproteins of SARS-CoV-2 and their respective ACE2 receptors. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we review recent experimental results on LZS interferometry, and we present related theory. (arxiv.org)
  • To determine step heights between a few nanometers and several micrometers, we present a statistical evaluation procedure which overcomes the limitations of the unambiguity range of conventional multi-wavelength interferometry. (degruyter.com)
  • Phenomena related to LZS interferometry occur in a variety of physical systems. (arxiv.org)
  • Interferometry provides a high resolution depiction of the spatial relationships for specified wavelengths. (tech-faq.com)
  • In order to assess the accuracy of the resultant digital elevation model (DEM), a geodetic airborne laser-altimetry swath is compared with the elevations derived from the interferometry. (usgs.gov)