Intercellular junctions. Medical search

Direct contact of a cell with a neighboring cell. Most such junctions are too small to be resolved by light microscopy, but they can be visualized by conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, both of which show that the interacting CELL MEMBRANE and often the underlying CYTOPLASM and the intervening EXTRACELLULAR SPACE are highly specialized in these regions. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p792)

Cell-cell junctions that seal adjacent epithelial cells together, preventing the passage of most dissolved molecules from one side of the epithelial sheet to the other. (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, p22)

A type of junction that attaches one cell to its neighbor. One of a number of differentiated regions which occur, for example, where the cytoplasmic membranes of adjacent epithelial cells are closely apposed. It consists of a circular region of each membrane together with associated intracellular microfilaments and an intercellular material which may include, for example, mucopolysaccharides. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Anchoring points where the CYTOSKELETON of neighboring cells are connected to each other. They are composed of specialized areas of the plasma membrane where bundles of the ACTIN CYTOSKELETON attach to the membrane through the transmembrane linkers, CADHERINS, which in turn attach through their extracellular domains to cadherins in the neighboring cell membranes. In sheets of cells, they form into adhesion belts (zonula adherens) that go all the way around a cell.

Connections between cells which allow passage of small molecules and electric current. Gap junctions were first described anatomically as regions of close apposition between cells with a narrow (1-2 nm) gap between cell membranes. The variety in the properties of gap junctions is reflected in the number of CONNEXINS, the family of proteins which form the junctions.

Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.

A 195-kDa zonula occludens protein that is distinguished by the presence of a ZU5 domain at the C-terminal of the molecule.

A family of membrane glycoproteins localized to TIGHT JUNCTIONS that contain two extracellular Ig-like domains, a single transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic tail of variable length.

Desmoplakins are cytoskeletal linker proteins that anchor INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS to the PLASMA MEMBRANE at DESMOSOMES.

Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They are important in the formation of ADHERENS JUNCTIONS between cells. Cadherins are classified by their distinct immunological and tissue specificities, either by letters (E- for epithelial, N- for neural, and P- for placental cadherins) or by numbers (cadherin-12 or N-cadherin 2 for brain-cadherin). Cadherins promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism as in the construction of tissues and of the whole animal body.

A MARVEL domain protein that plays an important role in the formation and regulation of the TIGHT JUNCTION paracellular permeability barrier.

A CALCIUM-dependent adhesion molecule of DESMOSOMES that also plays a role in embryonic STEM CELL proliferation.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

An integral membrane protein that is localized to TIGHT JUNCTIONS, where it plays a role in controlling the paracellular permeability of polarized cells. Mutations in the gene for claudin-1 are associated with Neonatal Ichthyosis-Sclerosing Cholangitis (NISCH) Syndrome.

A group of desmosomal cadherins with cytoplasmic tails that are divergent from those of classical CADHERINS. Their intracytoplasmic domains bind PLAKOGLOBIN; PLAKOPHILINS; and DESMOPLAKINS.

A multi-functional catenin that is highly homologous to BETA CATENIN. Gamma catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It is also found in DESMOSOMES where it mediates the link between DESMOSOMAL CADHERINS and DESMOPLAKIN.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Members of the armadillo family of proteins that are found in DESMOSOMES and interact with various proteins including desmocadherins; DESMOPLAKIN; ACTIN FILAMENTS; and KERATINS.

The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A group of desmosomal cadherins with cytoplasmic tails that resemble those of classical CADHERINS.

A 43-kDa peptide which is a member of the connexin family of gap junction proteins. Connexin 43 is a product of a gene in the alpha class of connexin genes (the alpha-1 gene). It was first isolated from mammalian heart, but is widespread in the body including the brain.

A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR), lymph vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, LYMPHATIC), and the serous cavities of the body.

Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by direct contact between cells or by means of chemical signals carried by neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and cyclic AMP.

Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

A group of homologous proteins which form the intermembrane channels of GAP JUNCTIONS. The connexins are the products of an identified gene family which has both highly conserved and highly divergent regions. The variety contributes to the wide range of functional properties of gap junctions.

A single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate CALCIUM-dependent CELL ADHESION and are core components of DESMOSOMES.

A family of cytoskeletal proteins that play essential roles in CELL ADHESION at ADHERENS JUNCTIONS by linking CADHERINS to the ACTIN FILAMENTS of the CYTOSKELETON.

A zonula occludens protein subtype found in epithelial cell junctions. Several isoforms of zonula occludens-2 protein exist due to use of alternative promoter regions and alternative mRNA splicings.

The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules.

A catenin that binds F-ACTIN and links the CYTOSKELETON with BETA CATENIN and GAMMA CATENIN.

A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.

Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.

Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The property of blood capillary ENDOTHELIUM that allows for the selective exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues and through membranous barriers such as the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER; BLOOD-AQUEOUS BARRIER; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD-NERVE BARRIER; BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER; and BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER. Small lipid-soluble molecules such as carbon dioxide and oxygen move freely by diffusion. Water and water-soluble molecules cannot pass through the endothelial walls and are dependent on microscopic pores. These pores show narrow areas (TIGHT JUNCTIONS) which may limit large molecule movement.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the CILIARY BODY is crucial for OCULAR ACCOMMODATION.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

A form of interference microscopy in which variations of the refracting index in the object are converted into variations of intensity in the image. This is achieved by the action of a phase plate.

Lanthanum. The prototypical element in the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol La, atomic number 57, and atomic weight 138.91. Lanthanide ion is used in experimental biology as a calcium antagonist; lanthanum oxide improves the optical properties of glass.

Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

Highly differentiated epithelial cells of the visceral layer of BOWMAN CAPSULE of the KIDNEY. They are composed of a cell body with major CELL SURFACE EXTENSIONS and secondary fingerlike extensions called pedicels. They enwrap the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS capillaries with their cell surface extensions forming a filtration structure. The pedicels of neighboring podocytes interdigitate with each other leaving between them filtration slits that are bridged by an extracellular structure impermeable to large macromolecules called the slit diaphragm, and provide the last barrier to protein loss in the KIDNEY.

A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

A large family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that are involved in regulation of actin organization, gene expression and cell cycle progression. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

The area covering the terminal portion of ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of STOMACH at the cardiac orifice.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell.

Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Proteins that take part in the formation or structure of TIGHT JUNCTIONS.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

A sub-family of RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that is involved in regulating the organization of cytoskeletal filaments. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Enzymes that recognize CRUCIFORM DNA structures and introduce paired incisions that help to resolve the structure into two DNA helices.

Cell adhesion molecules present on virtually all monocytes, platelets, and granulocytes. CD31 is highly expressed on endothelial cells and concentrated at the junctions between them.

Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Venous vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the mother to the FETUS via the PLACENTA. In humans, there is normally one umbilical vein.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A cross-shaped DNA structure that can be observed under the electron microscope. It is formed by the incomplete exchange of strands between two double-stranded helices or by complementary INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES that refold into hairpin loops on opposite strands across from each other.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Freeze-fracture studies of frog atrial fibres. (1/2154)

The freeze-fracturing technique was used to characterize the junctional devices involved in the electrical coupling of frog atrial fibres. These fibres are connected by a type of junction which can be interpreted as a morphological variant of the "gap junction" or "nexus". The most characteristic features are rows of 9-nm junctional particles forming single or anastomosed circular profiles on the inner membrane face, and corresponding pits on the outer membrane face. Very seldom aggregates consisting of few geometrically disposed 9-nm particles are found. The significance of the junctional structures in the atrial fibres is discussed, with respect to present knowledge about junctional features of gap junctions in various tissues, including embryonic ones. (+info)

Cell junctions in the developing compound eye of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. (2/2154)

Intercellular junctions in the developing retina of the locust Schistocerca gregaria have been examined by electron microscopy. Different types of junction appear in a well defined sequence during development. Five stages of ommatidial development are described. Close junctions and punctate junctions are present throughout development. Gap junctions appear transiently amongst the undifferentiated cells, before clearly defined preommatidia can be distinguished. The subsequent disappearance of gap junctions may be correlated with cell determination. Lanthanum studies confirm these findings. The later sequential appearance of adhesive junction types is described. These include septate desmosomes and two types of desmosomes. In the fully differentiated ommatidium only two types of junction remain, these are: desmosomes and rhabdomeric junctions. (+info)

PETA-3/CD151, a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, is localised to the plasma membrane and endocytic system of endothelial cells, associates with multiple integrins and modulates cell function. (3/2154)

The Transmembrane 4 Superfamily member, PETA-3/CD151, is ubiquitously expressed by endothelial cells in vivo. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells PETA-3 is present on the plasma membrane and predominantly localises to regions of cell-cell contact. Additionally, this protein is abundant within an intracellular compartment which accounts for up to 66% of the total PETA-3 expressed. Intracellular PETA-3 showed colocalisation with transferrin receptor and CD63 suggesting an endosomal/lysosomal localisation which was supported by immuno-electronmicroscopy studies. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments investigating possible interactions of PETA-3 with other molecules demonstrated associations with several integrin chains including beta1, beta3, beta4, (alpha)2, (alpha)3, (alpha)5, (alpha)6 and provide the first report of Transmembrane 4 Superfamily association with the (alpha)6beta4 integrin. Using 2-colour confocal microscopy, we demonstrated similar localisation of PETA-3 and integrin chains within cytoplasmic vesicles and endothelial cell junctions. In order to assess the functional implications of PETA-3/integrin associations, the effect of anti-PETA-3 antibodies on endothelial function was examined. Anti-PETA-3 mAb inhibited endothelial cell migration and modulated in vitro angiogenesis, but had no detectable effect on neutrophil transendothelial migration. The broad range of integrin associations and the presence of PETA-3 with integrins both on the plasma membrane and within intracellular vesicles, suggests a primary role for PETA-3 in regulating integrin trafficking and/or function. (+info)

Intercellular junctions in the ciliary epithelium. (4/2154)

The fine structure of the intercellular junctions in the ciliary epithelium of rhesus monkeys and rabbits was studied with conventional electron microscopy of thin-sectioned specimens and the freeze-fracturing technique. In the rhesus monkey, a zonula occludens, zonula adhaerens, gap junctions, and desmosomes interconnect the nonpigmented cells, whereas gap junctions, puncta adhaerentia, and desmosomes connect pigmented to nonpigmented cells, and pigmented cells to one another. In the rabbit, desmosomes are absent between nonpigmented cells, and substituted for by puncta adhaerentia. The zonula occludens between nonpigmented cells greatly varies in its complexity in different regions of the cell perimeter, and in places, it may consist of very few intramembrane strands; this suggests that the ciliary epithelium is relatively leaky to ions and small molecules. Gap junctions are ubiquitous in the ciliary epithelium and particularly numerous at the interface between pigmented and nonpigmented layers; this finding indicates that the cells of the ciliary epithelium are joined in a metabolic syncytium. All gap junctions are characterized by the crystalline configuration which is typical of the uncoupled state; furthermore, in specimens fixed by immersion, they may be caused by uncoupling and take place in the time interval elapsing between interruption of the blood supply and arrival of the fixative fluid. Puncta adhaerentia resemble zonulae adhaerentes in their structural details but are macular in shape instead of encompassing the cell perimeter in a beltlike fashion. In contrast with desmosomes, the intercellular cleft of puncta adhaerentia has an irregular width and contains opaque material, but this never gives rise to the central band typical of desmosomes. On the inner aspect of the junctional membranes, there is a layer of fluffy material but no plaque of insertion for a bundle of tonofilaments. Finally, puncta adhaerentia have no representation in the interior of the plasmalemma and are intimately associated with cytoplasmic microfilaments. They probably anchor to the plasmalemma the contractile apparatus of the ciliary epithelial cells. (+info)

Facilitation and depression of ATP and noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerves of rat tail artery. (5/2154)

1. Excitatory junction currents (EJCs) were used to measure ATP release; noradrenaline (NA) oxidation currents and fractional overflow of labelled NA, [3H]NA, were used to monitor the release of endogenous and exogenous NA, respectively, from post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves of rat tail artery. 2. During nerve stimulation with 100 pulses at 5-20 Hz the EJCs initially grew in size (maximally by 23 %, at 2-10 Hz), and then depressed, maximally by 68 % at 20 Hz. 3. The peak amplitude of NA oxidation currents in response to nerve stimulation with 100 pulses at 2-20 Hz grew in size with frequency, while the area was independent of frequency and roughly constant. 4. The size of the NA oxidation currents evoked by nerve stimulation with 4-100 pulses at 20 Hz grew linearly with train length between pulses 4-16. Between pulses 20-100 there was a train length-dependent depression of the signal. 5. Fractional overflow of [3H]NA in response to nerve stimulation with 5-100 pulses at 20 Hz behaved similarly to the EJCs. It initially grew roughly linearly between pulses 5-25, and then showed a dramatic depression similar to that of the EJCs. 6. The alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonists rauwolscine and yohimbine increased the overflow of [3H]NA and the amplitude of NA oxidation currents, but not that of the EJCs. 7. It is concluded that during high-frequency stimulation (i) the release of ATP and NA is first briefly facilitated then markedly depressed, (ii) facilitation and depression of the two transmitters are similar in magnitude and time course, and (iii) alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonists differentially modify EJCs and the NA signals. The results obtained in the absence of drugs are compatible with the hypothesis that ATP and NA are released in parallel, while the effects of alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonists seem to suggest dissociated release. (+info)

Characterization of the 4C8 antigen involved in transendothelial migration of CD26(hi) T cells after tight adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. (6/2154)

In extravasation of T cells, little is known about the mechanisms of transendothelial migration subsequent to the T cells' tight adhesion to endothelium. To investigate these mechanisms, we developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb), termed anti-4C8, that blocks transmigration but not adhesion in a culture system in which high CD26-expressing (CD26(hi)) T cells preferentially migrate through human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers cultured on collagen gels. Anti-4C8 reacted with all CD3(+) T cells and monocytes but not neutrophils or HUVECs. The structure defined by this antibody was an 80-kD molecule. The mAb at 1 mug/ml inhibited 80-90% of migration of CD3(+) T cells through unstimulated and interferon gamma-stimulated HUVEC monolayers without interfering with adhesion and cell motility. When added to the cultures after the adhesion, anti-4C8 completely blocked subsequent transmigration of adherent T cells. Phase-contrast and electron microscopy revealed that T cells are arrested at the intercellular junctions of HUVECs in the presence of anti-4C8. Anti-4C8 exhibited agonistic effects on resting T cells without other stimuli under culture conditions in which anti-4C8 can stimulate T cells. First, in the checkerboard assay using collagen gels, the antibody promoted chemokinetic migration of the cells in a dose-dependent manner from 0.1 to 10 mug/ml. The predominant population of T cells that migrated into collagen gels with impregnated anti-4C8 were CD26(hi). Second, solid-phase-immobilized anti-4C8 induced adhesion of T cells to the substrate, often with polarizations in cell shape and large pseudopods rich in filamentous (F-) actin. Third, soluble anti-4C8 augmented F-actin content preferentially in CD26(hi) T cells when added to T cells at a high dose of 10 mug/ml. Finally, both anti-4C8-induced chemokinetic migration and transendothelial migration were inhibited by pretreatment of T cells with pertussis toxin. These findings suggest that stimulation via the 4C8 antigen increases cell motility of CD26(hi) cells with profound cytoskeletal changes through signaling pathways including G proteins. The 4C8 antigen may be involved in preferential transmigration of CD26(hi) cells adherent to HUVECs. (+info)

Synapses involving auditory nerve fibers in primate cochlea. (7/2154)

The anatomical mechanisms for processing auditory signals are extremely complex and incompletely understood, despite major advances already made with the use of electron microscopy. A major enigma, for example, is the presence in the mammalian cochlea of a double hair cell receptor system. A renewed attempt to discover evidence of synaptic coupling between the two systems in the primate cochlea, postulated from physiological studies, has failed. However, in the outer spiral bundle the narrow and rigid clefts seen between pairs of presumptive afferent fibers suggest the possibility of dendro-dendritic interaction confined to the outer hair cell system. The clustering of afferent processes within folds of supporting cells subjacent to outer hair cells is in contrast to the lack of such close associations in the inner hair cell region. The difference reinforces the suggestion of functional interaction of some sort between the outer hair cell afferent nerve processes. (+info)

Agonist-stimulated cytoskeletal reorganization and signal transduction at focal adhesions in vascular smooth muscle cells require c-Src. (8/2154)

Thrombin and angiotensin II (angII) have trophic properties as mediators of vascular remodeling. Focal adhesions and actin cytoskeleton are involved in cell growth, shape, and movement and may be important in vascular remodeling. To characterize mechanisms by which thrombin and angII modulate vessel structure, we studied the effects of these G protein-coupled receptor ligands on focal adhesions in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Both thrombin and angII stimulated bundling of actin filaments to form stress fibers, assembly of focal adhesions, and protein tyrosine phosphorylation at focal adhesions, such as p130Cas, paxillin, and tensin. To test whether c-Src plays a critical role in focal adhesion rearrangement, we analyzed cells with altered c-Src activity by retroviral transduction of wild-type (WT) and kinase-inactive (KI) c-Src into rat VSMCs, and by use of VSMCs from WT (src+/+) and Src-deficient (src-/-) mice. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Cas, paxillin, and tensin were markedly decreased in VSMCs expressing KI-Src and in src-/- VSMCs. Expression of KI-Src did not inhibit stress fiber formation by thrombin. Surprisingly, actin bundling was markedly decreased in VSMCs from src-/- mice both basally and after thrombin stimulation, compared with src+/+ mice. We also studied the effect of KI-Src and WT-Src on VSMC spreading. Expression of KI-Src reduced the rate of VSMC spreading on collagen, whereas WT-Src enhanced cell spreading. In conclusion, c-Src plays a critical role in agonist-stimulated cytoskeletal reorganization and signal transduction at focal adhesions in VSMCs. c-Src kinase activity is required for the cytoskeletal turnover that occurs in cell spreading, whereas c-Src appears to regulate actin bundling via a kinase-independent mechanism. (+info)

... is a process by which intercellular junctions mediate signals that allow normal cells to inhibit the ... In: Kandous, M. (Eds.) Intercellular communication and Cancer. pp. 297-342. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. (Cell communication, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_normalization

As an MGH pathology resident, he co-authored research papers on intercellular junctions, cancer cell, and red cell membranes. ... Weinstein, Ronald S.; Merk, Frederick B.; Alroy, Joseph (1976). The Structure and Function of Intercellular Junctions in Cancer ... McNutt, N. Scott; Weinstein, Ronald S. (1969-08-08). "Carcinoma of the Cervix: Deficiency of Nexus Intercellular Junctions". ... Scott McNutt, N.; Weinstein, Ronald S. (1973). "Membrane ultrastructure at mammalian intercellular junctions". Progress in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_S._Weinstein

Are gap junctions required for intercellular coupling?". Experientia. 46 (10): 1002-5. doi:10.1007/BF01940654. PMID 2226711. ... Gap junctions have been demonstrated in rare circumstances as one coupling mechanism between ICC and smooth muscle cells. ... Electron microscopic and dye coupling studies to date have confirmed gap junctions as the major coupling mechanisms between ... Hanani, Menachem; Farrugia, Gianrico; Komuro, Terumasa (2004). Intercellular Coupling of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow-wave_potential

Takai Y, Nakanishi H (Jan 2003). "Nectin and afadin: novel organizers of intercellular junctions". Journal of Cell Science. 116 ... Tight junction protein 1, and USP9X. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130396 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89 ... A novel actin filament-binding protein with one PDZ domain localized at cadherin-based cell-to-cell adherens junction". The ... and vinculin-binding protein localized at cell-cell and cell-matrix adherens junctions". The Journal of Cell Biology. 144 (5): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afadin

Fan J, Ray P, Lu Y, Kaur G, Schwarz J, Wan L (24 October 2018). "Cell chirality regulates intercellular junctions and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_C

Intercellular junctions Gametogenesis Spectrin Cyclin Telfer, W. H. 1975. Development and physiology of the oocyte-nurse cell ... 2011). Germ Cell Intercellular Bridges. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 3:a005850 doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a005850 de Cuevas, M ... Intercellular bridges also connect developing germ cells in mammals, contributing to cell cycle synchrony and gamete quality ... Future studies are required to elucidate all of the functions that arise from cell-cell communication through intercellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusome

Desmosomes are intercellular junctions that tightly link adjacent cells. Desmoplakin is an obligate component of functional ... a pivotal role for plakoglobin in the recruitment of desmoplakin to intercellular junctions". J. Cell Sci. 111 (20): 3045-57. ... "VE-cadherin and desmoplakin are assembled into dermal microvascular endothelial intercellular junctions: ... desmoplakin from cell-cell interfaces disrupts anchorage of intermediate filament bundles and alters intercellular junction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmoplakin

The molecular structure of gap junctions makes them sensitive and responsive to intercellular currents. This sensitivity allows ... As gap junctions have a major role in regulating the homeostasis of the liver, an abnormal expression of gap junctions can be a ... Gap junctions permit the passive diffusion of materials-such as ions-across the cytoplasm of one cell to another; this junction ... Kjenseth, Ane; Fykerud, Tone; Rivedal, Edgar; Leithe, Edward (2010-03-04). "Regulation of gap junction intercellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_junction_modulation

At gap junctions, the intercellular space is between 2 and 4 nm and hemichannels in the membrane of each cell are aligned with ... Gap junction modulation Gap junction protein Innexin Vinnexin Intercalated disc Ion channel Junctional complex Tight junction ... "gap junction" and "gap junction plaque" non-interchangeable as the area of the gap junction plaque may contain proteins other ... "gap junction" and "gap junction plaque" non-interchangeable. In other words, the commonly used term "gap junction" always ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_junction

... a pivotal role for plakoglobin in the recruitment of desmoplakin to intercellular junctions". Journal of Cell Science. 111 (20 ... a protein common to different kinds of intercellular adhering junctions". Cell. 46 (7): 1063-73. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90706 ... a protein common to different kinds of intercellular adhering junctions". Cell. 46 (7): 1063-73. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90706 ... "VE-cadherin and desmoplakin are assembled into dermal microvascular endothelial intercellular junctions: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plakoglobin

"Immunolocalization of MP70 in lens fiber 16-17-nm intercellular junctions". The Journal of Cell Biology. 104 (3): 565-572. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_microscope

"Tight junctions (zonula occludens) are composed of transmembrane proteins that make contact across the intercellular space and ... Blaskewicz CD, Pudney J, Anderson DJ (July 2011). "Structure and function of intercellular junctions in human cervical and ... The three types of structural adhesions between epithelial cells are: tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes. " ... Adherens junctions (zonula adherens) connect bundles of actin filaments from cell to cell to form a continuous adhesion belt, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_epithelium

ISBN 978-1-4939-3099-9. Blaskewicz CD, Pudney J, Anderson DJ (July 2011). "Structure and function of intercellular junctions in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagina

3FTx binding interferes with cholinergic intercellular signaling particularly at neuromuscular junctions and causes paralysis. ... Most members of the family are neurotoxins that act on cholinergic intercellular signaling; the alpha-neurotoxin family ... the subunit composition of tissue-specific nAChRs and the detailed pharmacological understanding of the neuromuscular junction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-finger_toxin

This gene encodes a protein located on a cytoplasmic membrane surface of intercellular tight junctions. The encoded protein may ... Gap junction protein, alpha 1, KIRREL, MLLT4, Occludin, TJP3, and Tight junction protein 2. Tight junction ENSG00000104067 ... "The tight junction protein ZO-1 is homologous to the Drosophila discs-large tumor suppressor protein of septate junctions". ... Zonula occludens-1 ZO-1, also known as Tight junction protein-1 is a 220-kD peripheral membrane protein that is encoded by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tight_junction_protein_1

Intercellular gap junctions in vertebrates, including humans, are formed by the connexin family of proteins. Structurally, ... Panchin Y, Kelmanson I, Matz M, Lukyanov K, Usman N, Lukyanov S (June 2000). "A ubiquitous family of putative gap junction ... While innexins are responsible for forming gap junctions in invertebrates, the pannexins have been shown to predominantly exist ... Shestopalov VI, Panchin Y (February 2008). "Pannexins and gap junction protein diversity". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pannexin

Regulation depends on the intercellular tight junctions which have the most influence on paracellular transport. Disruption of ... Most people do not experience adverse symptoms, but the opening of intercellular tight junctions (increased intestinal ... a modulator of intercellular tight junctions. This process takes place in all individuals who ingest gluten. For the majority, ... It is regulated by cellular junctions that are localized in the laminal membranes of the cells. This is the main route of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestinal_permeability

"Intercellular signaling via cyclic GMP diffusion through gap junctions restarts meiosis in mouse ovarian follicles". ... This results in a rapid decrease in cGMP levels in the granulosa cells and the oocytes through the gap junctions. PDE5 is also ... It proposed that the diffusion of cGMP away from the oocyte occurs before LH-induced closure of gap junctions between somatic ... ISBN 1605358223 Jaffe, Laurinda A.; Egbert, Jeremy R. (2017-02-10). "Regulation of Mammalian Oocyte Meiosis by Intercellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resumption_of_meiosis

"Intercellular signaling via cyclic GMP diffusion through gap junctions restarts meiosis in mouse ovarian follicles". ... The granulosa cells produce a small molecule, cyclic GMP, that diffuses into the oocyte through the gap junctions. In the ... Because the granulosa cells and oocyte are connected by gap junctions, cyclic GMP also decreases in the oocyte, causing meiosis ... Jaffe, Laurinda A.; Egbert, Jeremy R. (2017-02-10). "Regulation of Mammalian Oocyte Meiosis by Intercellular Communication ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oogenesis

... is a component of the intercellular junction that holds membranes of adjacent cells together (2). The components ... and intercellular junction (1). Dermatopontins are expressed primarily in fibroblasts, heart tissue, skeletal muscle, brain and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatopontin

... a critical scaffold for PKC alpha that regulates intercellular junction assembly". The Journal of Cell Biology. 181 (4): 605-13 ... and mediates crosstalk between intercellular junctions and membrane excitability. Mutations in PKP2 have been associated with, ... "A novel kind of tumor type-characteristic junction: plakophilin-2 as a major protein of adherens junctions in cardiac myxomata ... Plakophilin-2 over time has shown to be more than components of cell-cell junctions; rather the plakophilins are emerging as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plakophilin-2

Each gap junction intercellular channel is formed by the conjunction of 2 connexons. See GJB2 for additional background ... Gap junction delta-2 protein (GJD2) also known as connexin-36 (Cx36) or gap junction alpha-9 protein (GJA9) is a protein that ... 2007). "Gap junction coding genes and schizophrenia: a genetic association study". J. Hum. Genet. 52 (6): 498-501. doi:10.1007/ ... Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q9UKL4 (Gap junction delta-2 protein) at the PDBe- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJD2

"Nephrin and Neph1 co-localize at the podocyte foot process intercellular junction and form cis hetero-oligomers". J. Biol. Chem ... KIRREL has been shown to interact with Nephrin and Tight junction protein 1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000183853 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIRREL

It is a peptide analog that has been shown to increase gap junction intercellular conductance in cardiac muscle cells. Gap ... Mantz J, Cordier J, Giaume C (1993). Effects of general anesthetics on inter-cellular communications mediated by gap junctions ... increases gap junction intercellular communication in cardiac myocytes and HeLa cells expressing connexin 43. British Journal ... Each gap junction is composed of a series of connexons in close proximity to each other. Each connexon is made up of 6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotigaptide

1998). "Identification of a novel cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin-2) located at intercellular junctions in endothelial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCDH12

Pappenheimer JR, Reiss KZ (1987). "Contribution of solvent drag through intercellular junctions to absorption of nutrients by ... Some claudins form tight junction-associated pores that allow paracellular ion transport. The tight junctions have a net ... Tight junctions in the intestinal epithelium are also known to be size-selective, such that large molecules (with molecular ... Anderson JM, Van Itallie CM (August 2009). "Physiology and function of the tight junction". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracellular_transport

Septate junctions are intercellular junctions found in invertebrate epithelial cells, appearing as ladder-like structures under ... Tight junctions Adherens junctions Desmosomes Hemidesmosomes Gap junctions Matter K, Balda MS (March 2003). "Signalling to and ... For the septate junctions in the vertebrates, they play some roles of tight junctions. Na+/K+ ATPase works for the function of ... Septate junctions are in a tight arrangement which is parallel to each other. For the septate junctions, several components are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septate_junction

... passive flow of electric current through special intercellular connections called gap junctions. These gap junctions allow for ... via gap junctions), as in an electrical synapse, but most commonly occurs via the vesicular release of neurotransmitters from ... small-molecule neurotransmitter involved in synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions controlling the vagus nerve and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory_synapse

Rosselló, RA; Kohn, DH (2009). "Gap junction intercellular communication: A review of a potential platform to modulate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Rosselló

An intercellular cleft is a channel between two cells through which molecules may travel and gap junctions and tight junctions ... The intercellular cleft is imperative for cell-cell communication. The cleft contains gap junctions, tight junctions, ... These tight junctions localize to the luminal side of the intercellular clefts, where the glycocalyx, which is important in ... Endothelial tight junctions are most commonly found in the intercellular cleft and provide for regulation of diffusion through ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercellular_cleft

... which is made possible due to the organism's efficient intercellular gap junction communication. While further studies have ... "Extract from the zooxanthellate jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata modulates gap junction intercellular communication in human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotylorhiza_tuberculata

Bennett PM, Maggs AM, Baines AJ, Pinder JC (Apr 2006). "The transitional junction: a new functional subcellular domain at the ... intercellular communication and cell cycle regulation. Though a role in cardiac muscle is not well understood, it is likely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPTAN1

In junction with light microscopy, the approximate ER activity can be estimated using the level of staining of the cell's ... and can serve as a means of inter-cellular differentiation. Monitoring the activity of the ER via the ERT is necessary as it ... allows for the insight to growth and proliferation and allows for differentiations to be made between various intercellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_test

Regulation depends on the intercellular tight junctions which have the most influence on paracellular transport. Studies using ... Gap junctions Desmosomes Adherens junctions Tight junctions Gap junctions bring the adjacent cells within 2 nanometers of each ... Similar to adherens junctions, the intracellular domains of tight junctions interact with different scaffold proteins, adapter ... its cells are joined securely together by four types of junctions (cell junctions), which can be identified at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestinal_epithelium

Tight junctions establish the paracellular barrier that controls the flow of molecules in the intercellular space between the ... Generally the tight junction is known for its impermeability. However, depending on the type of claudin and their interactions ... It varies in length from 21 to 63 and is necessary for the localization of these proteins in the tight junctions. It is thought ... This loop has charged amino acids that may be the predictor for the charge selectivity of tight junctions. The first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudin

His fundamental research focuses on epithelial functions, in particular vesicular membrane trafficking, intercellular junctions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Louvard

On both sides of the septa are liquid-filled capsules that cause the septa to resemble synapses, i.e. nerve-cell junctions that ... are drawn through the intercellular gaps (cellular interstices) of the epitheloid by the fibre cells and then digested by ... a basal lamina under the epitheloid and certain types of cell-cell junctions) are not present in the Placozoa. Not all bacteria ... primarily due to the junctions-belt desmosomes-between the cells. In contrast to true epithelium, however, the cell layers of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichoplax

The mechanical energy, cellular cohesion of the tumor tissue, is attributable, in large part, intercellular junctions and can ... all intercellular junctions and ETM / cells), membrane, CSK, etc. also support the production of energy. Indeed, mitochondria ... Another track was opened by J Fredberg, in two dimensions: As the intercellular adhesion stress increases, there is a ... In fact, cell phenotypes are emergent phenomena that result from intercellular nonlinear interactions and interaction with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_oncology

... s which exceed the intercellular space membrane potentials are important for the existence of the gap junctions. ... There are gap junctions among supporting cells and also between supporting cells and hair cells, the gap junctions are made of ... could also induce the gap junctions uncoupling. Because of the distributing and connecting function of the gap junctions, they ... The gap junctions could be visualized by the dye coupling, but is only visible between the Hensen's cells and the Deiter's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hensen's_cell

... a modulator of intercellular tight junctions. This process takes place in all individuals who ingest gluten. Verbeke, K ( ... Gluten alters cellular morphology and motility, cytoskeleton organization, oxidative balance and intercellular contact (tight ... junction proteins). Some people may have a reaction to other proteins (α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors [ATIs]) present in gluten- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-celiac_gluten_sensitivity

The encoded protein is a component of gap junctions, which are composed of arrays of intercellular channels that provide a ... Gap junction gamma-1 protein (GJC1), also known as gap junction alpha-7 protein (GJA7) and connexin 45 (Cx45) - is a protein ... Kausalya PJ, Reichert M, Hunziker W (2001). "Connexin45 directly binds to ZO-1 and localizes to the tight junction region in ... "Entrez Gene: GJA7 gap junction protein, alpha 7, 45kDa". Andrew L Harris; Darren Locke (2009). Connexins, A Guide. New York: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJC1

Although intercellular connections mechanisms such as gap junctions and tight junctions are formed in the cells of the ... segmental plates, tight junctions are not involved in large network of cells as observed commonly in mature epithelium. A cell- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmentation_in_the_human_nervous_system

... intercellular junctions MeSH A11.284.149.165.420.020 - adherens junctions MeSH A11.284.149.165.420.297 - desmosomes MeSH ... neuroeffector junction MeSH A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550 - neuromuscular junction MeSH A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550.500 ... cell-matrix junctions MeSH A11.284.149.165.165.285 - focal adhesions MeSH A11.284.149.165.165.360 - hemidesmosomes MeSH A11.284 ... tight junctions MeSH A11.284.149.165.570 - membrane microdomains MeSH A11.284.149.165.570.160 - caveolae MeSH A11.284.149.165. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A11)

There is not currently a proposed mechanism on inter-cellular regulation for fluctuation of lipid-lined pores, and they would ... the vesicle to exchange lipids which is mediated by certain proteins which remove water that comes between the forming junction ... the pore is easily able to undergo intercellular regulation, making fluctuation and "kiss-and-run" mechanisms easily attainable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicle_fusion

... and thereby mediate intercellular metabolic and electrical communication. Gap junction channels consist of connexin protein ... Gap junction beta-5 protein (GJB5), also known as connexin-31.1 (Cx31.1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GJB5 ... Gap junctions are conduits that allow the direct cell-to-cell passage of small cytoplasmic molecules, including ions, metabolic ... "Entrez Gene: gap junction protein". Canova C, Hashibe M, Simonato L, et al. (2009). "Genetic associations of 115 polymorphisms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJB5

Koble C, Kyewski B (July 2009). "The thymic medulla: a unique microenvironment for intercellular self-antigen transfer". The ... T cell precursors extravasate from the bloodstream in cortico-medullary junction and they first migrate to the thymic cortex, ... "Thymic Dendritic Cell Subsets Display Distinct Efficiencies and Mechanisms of Intercellular MHC Transfer". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medullary_thymic_epithelial_cells

The Hela cells were transfected with the encoding for the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) to provide a channel that ... to scientists that the effect of some therapeutic agents may be enhanced by diffusion through gap junctional intercellular ... Hela cells were used in these studies because they have very little ability to communicate through gap junctions. The Hela ... is capable of destroying via apoptosis transduced cells and non-transduced cells from the cellular gap junction. This technique ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex_research

The most common cellular products observed to be released in this manner are intercellular signaling molecules such as hormones ... In addition to gap junctions, pulse coordination is managed by ATP signaling. α and δ cells in the pancreas also share secrete ... oscillations become synchronized by electrical coupling between closely located beta cells that are connected by gap junctions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsatile_secretion

In addition, the high ammonia concentrations have an effect on intercellular tight junctions increasing permeability and also ... Caron TJ, Scott KE, Fox JG, Hagen SJ (October 2015). "Tight junction disruption: Helicobacter pylori and dysregulation of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urease

October 2011). "Alterations in adhesion junction precede gap junction remodelling during the development of heart failure in ... a cause of loss of intercellular adhesiveness in human cancer cell lines". Cancer Research. 54 (23): 6282-6287. PMID 7954478. ... β-catenin is part of a protein complex that form adherens junctions. These cell-cell adhesion complexes are necessary for the ... Adherens junctions require significant protein dynamics in order to link to the actin cytoskeleton, thereby enabling ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin_beta-1

In epithelial cells, E-cadherin-containing cell-to-cell junctions are often adjacent to actin-containing filaments of the ... a cause of loss of intercellular adhesiveness in human cancer cell lines". Cancer Research. 54 (23): 6282-7. PMID 7954478. ... "Assembly of tight junctions during early vertebrate development". Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 11 (4): 291-9. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadherin-1

The intercellular surfaces are the ones that are between two adjacent hepatocytes and they are not in contact with sinusoids or ... are simple surfaces specialized in the cellular adherence and in the communication between hepatocytes through gap junctions. ... The three relevant type of surfaces are sinusoidal, canalicular and intercellular. These surfaces are involved in the exchange ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_cytology

Connexins, such as GJD4, are involved in the formation of gap junctions, intercellular conduits that directly connect the ... Gap junction delta-4 protein (GJD4), also known as connexin-40.1 (Cx40.1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GJD4 ... "Entrez Gene: gap junction protein". Söhl G, Nielsen PA, Eiberger J, Willecke K (2003). "Expression profiles of the novel human ... Each gap junction channel is formed by docking of 2 hemichannels, each of which contains 6 connexin subunits. GRCh38: Ensembl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJD4

Its exact function is still being studied but it is known that intercellular spread is greatly impaired without it. Bacterial ... The bacterium can alter the tight junctions between the epithelial cells, allowing it to cross into the sub-mucosa. 2) It can ... "The Vps/VacJ ABC Transporter Is Required for Intercellular Spread of Shigella flexneri". Infection and Immunity. 82 (2): 660- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigella_flexneri

... the ColQ or PRiMA anchor serves to maintain the enzyme in the intercellular junction, ColQ for the neuromuscular junction and ... In the neuromuscular junctions AChE expresses in asymmetric form which associates with ColQ or subunit. In the central nervous ... acetate It is found at mainly neuromuscular junctions and in chemical synapses of the cholinergic type, where its activity ... autonomic ganglia and neuromuscular junctions. Irreversible inhibitors of AChE may lead to muscular paralysis, convulsions, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase

... (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54) is a protein that in humans is ... ICAM-1 and soluble ICAM-1 have antagonistic effects on the tight junctions forming the blood-testis barrier, thus playing a ... "Entrez Gene: intercellular adhesion molecule 1". Bella J, Kolatkar PR, Marlor CW, Greve JM, Rossmann MG (Apr 1998). "The ... Intercellular+Adhesion+Molecule-1 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Articles with short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAM-1

These results indicate that LM-Lipo adhered to and regulated intercellular junctions of inflamed endothelial cell layer, ... possessing leukocyte membrane proteins pass through inflamed endothelial cell layer by regulating intercellular junctions ... possessing leukocyte membrane proteins pass through inflamed endothelial cell layer by regulating intercellular junctions ...

https://repo.lib.tokushima-u.ac.jp/en/list/author-page/323765/item/114730

The cells of the vertebrate lens are linked to each other by gap junctions, clusters of intercellular channels that mediate the ... N2 - The cells of the vertebrate lens are linked to each other by gap junctions, clusters of intercellular channels that ... AB - The cells of the vertebrate lens are linked to each other by gap junctions, clusters of intercellular channels that ... Furthermore, inhibition of gap junctions had no apparent effect on either of the two other types of intercellular (adherens and ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/normal-differentiation-of-cultured-lens-cells-after-inhibition-of-2

Intercellular calcium signaling between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes via gap junctions in culture.. Publication Type:. ... An important mode of communication between various cell types in the nervous system involves gap junctions. Astroglial cells ... Although the presence of gap junctions between oligodendrocytes and astrocytes have been well documented, evidence for gap ... Gap Junctions, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Lasers, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Oligodendroglia, Quinine ...

https://cervo.ulaval.ca/en/intercellular-calcium-signaling-between-astrocytes-and-oligodendrocytes-gap-junctions-culture

Restoring Tight Intercellular Junctions. Correction of the factors that cause Tight Junction disruption and eating a gluten- ... The major defense of the barrier system against permeation by harmful substances is comprised of tight intercellular junctions ... Factors Other Than Gluten That Disrupt Tight Intercellular Junctions?. *Gastrointestinal infections from microbes such as ... Tight junctions (TJ) refer to the regulated spaces between enterocytes (cells forming the surface lining of our small intestine ...

https://glutenfreeworks.com/blog/2010/05/31/gluten-sensitivity/

Intercellular communication studied by using the gap junctions in a primary cell culture of human aortic intima] [in Russian]. ... In cultures of human skin fibroblasts the rate of intercellular communication was comparable to that in cultures of ... The rate of gap junction communication has been investigated in the primary culture of highly differentiated mesenchymal cells ... In cell cultures isolated from grossly normal and atherosclerotic aorta the number of cells coupled via gap junction increased ...

http://inat.ru/ru/publications/1993-1996/intercellular-communication-studied-by-using-the-gap-junctions-in-a-primary-cell-culture-of-human-aortic-intima-in-russian

Anti-E Cadherin antibody [HECD-1] - Intercellular Junction Marker (ab1416) Reviews (42) Specific References (573) ... Anti-E Cadherin antibody [EP700Y] - Intercellular Junction Marker (ab40772) Reviews (22) Specific References (466) ...

https://www.abcam.com/products?selected.researchAreas=Developmental+Biology--Organogenesis--Excretory+system+development

Intercellular junctions between them are not broken. The luminal epithelium of the gut grows into the connective-tissue ... The cells do not lose relationships with each other, and intercellular junctions are maintained. Transdifferentiation proceeds ... but intercellular junctions between them are not destroyed. As a result, the luminal epithelium of the gut grows into the ... the intercellular junctions are not destroyed, and the epithelium retains its integrity. After dedifferentiation, the ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/2/250

A 135-KD RECEPTOR OF INTERCELLULAR ADHERENS JUNCTIONS .2. ANTIBODY-MEDIATED MODULATION OF JUNCTION FORMATION. Journal Of Cell ... VOLK, T; GEIGER, B (1984). A 135-KD-MEMBRANE PROTEIN OF INTERCELLULAR ADHERENS JUNCTIONS. Embo Journal. 3 (10):2249-2260. ... Volberg, T; Geiger, B; Dror, R; Zick, Y (1991). Modulation of intercellular adherens-type junctions and tyrosine ... VOLK, T; GEIGER, B (1986). A-CAM - A 135-KD RECEPTOR OF INTERCELLULAR ADHERENS JUNCTIONS .1. IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPIC ...

https://www.weizmann.ac.il/immunology/Geiger/publications?qt-view__publications__page=0

Plakophilin 2: a critical scaffold for PKC alpha that regulates intercellular junction assembly. J Cell Biol. 2008 May 19;181(4 ... These structures form junctions that attach cells to one another. Desmosomes provide strength to the myocardium and are ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/pkp2/

Intercellular Junctions, Morphogenesis, Myosins, Wound Healing", ... anterior-posterior to the wound edge rearrange their junctions ... Inhibiting actomyosin dynamics back from the leading edge prevents junction shrinkage and inhibits the wound edge from ... Inhibiting actomyosin dynamics back from the leading edge prevents junction shrinkage and inhibits the wound edge from ... Inhibiting actomyosin dynamics back from the leading edge prevents junction shrinkage and inhibits the wound edge from ...

https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/recapitulation-of-morphogenetic-cell-shape-changes-enables-wound-

... including the absence of acidic mucus secretion and aberrant adherens junctions in the epithelial barrier both in vitro and in ... A dynamic combination of different apical intercellular junctions, including tight and adherens junctions, between the ... Under chronic inflammatory conditions such as UC, the balance in intercellular junctions is disrupted and the integrity of the ... A cartoon illustrating the effect of repertaxin on iHUCO epithelial intercellular junctions is shown in Fig. 8u. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20351-5?error=cookies_not_supported&code=65aae6df-87ca-43c5-bf66-c7cc66530e0d

These intercellular junctions play an essential role in spermatogenesis (Parvinen, 1982; Russell & Peterson, 1985). ... GILULA NB, FAWCETT DW, AOKI A (1976) The Sertoli cell occluding junctions and gap junctions in mature and developing mammalian ... As well as tight junctions, gap junctions are also present in the blood-testis barrier as shown by ultrastructural analysis in ... RISLEY MS, TAN IP, ROY C, SÁEZ JC (1992) Cell-, age- and stage-dependent distribution of connexin43 gap junctions in testes. J ...

https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602011000200009&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Tight junctions (TJs) are intercellular junctions critical for building the epithelial barrier and maintaining epithelial ...

https://www.cell.com/trends/cell-biology/issue?pii=S0962-8924

... of HCs impact electrical synaptic transmission between neurons when they form intercellular heterotypic gap junctions (GJs). ... of hemichannels impact electrical synaptic transmission between neurons when they form intercellular heterotypic gap junctions ... Unapposed hemichannels formed by oligomerized hexamers of gap junction proteins are now known to be involved in various ... formed by hexamers of gap junction proteins are now known to be involved in various cellular processes under both physiological ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2014.00324/full

Intercellular Junctions *. Intercellular junctions are well developed in epithelia and consist of three major types, with ... Adherent junctions may form zonula adherens that encircle epithelial cells just below their tight junctions and attach ... Adherent or anchoring junctions, formed by interacting proteins of the cadherin family, are points of strong attachment holding ... Tight or occluding junctions are formed by interacting transmembrane proteins such as claudin and occludin; linear arrangements ...

https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3047§ionid=255120320#255120415

SPP 1782 - Epithelial intercellular junctions as dynamic hubs to integrate forces, signals and cell behaviour. since 2019 , ...

https://www.uni-muenster.de/forschung/en/profil/koordinierteprogramme/index.shtml

Co-culture of two MDCK strains with distinct junctional protein expression: a model for intercellular junction rearrangement ... Increased tyrosine phosphorylation causes redistribution of adherens junction and tight junction proteins and perturbs ... Expression of junction-associated proteins differentiates mouse intestinal M cells from enterocytes. Histochemistry and Cell ... alters epithelial cell monolayer permeability in association with altered distribution of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and ...

https://www.ncl.ac.uk/medical-sciences/people/profile/barryhirst.html

These included an increase in the prominence of intercellular junctions and the formation of folds and microvilli. Prolonged ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=skin&t3=1&f1=%2A&s5=percutaneous&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=dermal&t4=1&terms=7&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&f2=%2A&t2=1&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&s3=dermatitis&f3=%2A&s4=cutaneous&EndYear=&f4=%2A&f5=%2A&whichdate=DP&D1=10&PageNo=326&RecNo=3259&View=f&

Connexins, such as GJB7, are involved in the formation of gap junctions, intercellular conduits that directly connect the ... gap junction beta-7 protein. Names. connexin-25. gap junction protein, beta 7, 25kDa. ... gap junction protein beta 7provided by HGNC. Primary source. HGNC:HGNC:16690 See related. Ensembl:ENSG00000164411 MIM:611921; ... Each gap junction channel is formed by docking of 2 hemichannels, each of which contains 6 connexin subunits (Sohl et al., 2003 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/375519

Gap junction proteins are present in both vertebrates and invertebrates permitting direct and indirect cellular communication. ... Inhibitors of channels formed by proteins of the gap junction family such as suramin and probenecid are currently used for ... In this chapter, we summarized the current knowledge about the role of gap junction family proteins and channels in parasitic ... Recent evidences suggest that gap junction proteins play a critical role in bacterial and viral infections. Nonetheless, little ...

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/53917

Early responses to mechanical load in tendon: Role for calcium signaling, gap junctions and intercellular communication. J ... Gap junctions regulate responses of tendon cells ex vivo to mechanical loading. Clin Orthop 1999;(367 Suppl):S356-70. ... Gap junctions are the specialised regions where cells connect and communicate small charged particles. They can be identified ... Connexin 32 and 43 gap junctions differentially modulate tenocyte response to cyclic mechanical load. Eur J Cell Biol 2006;85: ...

https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/43/4/247.full

Desmosomes are intercellular anchoring junctions that anchor intermediate filaments at membrane-associated plaques in adjoining ... A cell-cell junction in which: on the cytoplasmic surface of each interacting plasma membrane is a dense plaque composed of a ... A type of junction that attaches one cell to its neighbor. One of a number of differentiated regions which occur, for example, ... It consists of a circular region of each membrane together with associated intracellular microfilaments and an intercellular ...

https://fpnotebook.com/legacy/Derm/Anatomy/SknAntmy.htm

Expression of intercellular junctions during preimplantation development of the human embryo. Mol Hum Reprod. 2:621-32. ... Tight junctions and cavitation in the human pre-embryo. Mol Reprod Dev. 32:81-87. ...

https://www.ehd.org/virtual-human-embryo/bibliography.php?stage=7

5. H. Xie, et al., Intercellular Communication Through Gap Junctions Is Reduced in Senescent Cell. Biophys J. 1992;62:45-47.. 6 ...

https://www.dojindo.com/products/C326/

The intestinal epithelial barrier, with its intercellular tight junctions (TJ), in association with gut-associated lymphoid ... Zonulin is the only physiological modulator of the intercellular TJ permeability described so far and is involved in the ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/814416_6

Junctional adhesion molecule, a different member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that distributes at intercellular junctions ... most receive the stimulus of contraction via mechanical coupling or electrical coupling in intercellular junctions [6]. Do not ...

https://www.daubnet.com/de/board/viewtopic.php?lang=de&p=11380

Notably, iHUCOs recapitulated histological and functional features of primary colitic tissues, including the absence of acidic mucus secretion and aberrant adherens junctions in the epithelial barrier both in vitro and in vivo. (nature.com)
Moreover, the collective contractility results in a radial distribution of traction forces, which are dependent on integrin β1 peripheral adhesions and transmitted to neighboring cells through adherens junctions. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

The cells of the vertebrate lens are linked to each other by gap junctions, clusters of intercellular channels that mediate the direct transfer of low-molecular-weight substances between the cytosols of adjoining cells. (elsevier.com)
Although gap junctions are detectable in the unspecialized epithelial cells that comprise the anterior face of the organ, both their number and size are greatly increased in the secondary fiber cells that differentiate from them at the lens equator. (elsevier.com)
To investigate the function of gap junctions in the development of the lens, we have examined the effect of the gap junction blocker 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (βGA) on the differentiation of primary cultures (both dissociated cell-derived monolayers and central epithelium explants) of embryonic chick lens epithelial cells. (elsevier.com)
Le, ACN & Musil, LS 1998, ' Normal differentiation of cultured lens cells after inhibition of gap junction-mediated intercellular communication ', Developmental Biology , vol. 204, no. 1, pp. 80-96. (elsevier.com)
Astroglial cells are extensively connected through gap junctions forming the glial syncytium. (ulaval.ca)
Tight junctions (TJ) refer to the regulated spaces between enterocytes (cells forming the surface lining of our small intestine), causing these cells to closely adhere to each other, side-by-side. (glutenfreeworks.com)
The rate of gap junction communication has been investigated in the primary culture of highly differentiated mesenchymal cells (subendothelial smooth muscle cells isolated from grossly normal and atherosclerotic areas of human aorta), and in poorly differentiated cells of mesenchymal origin (adult human skin fibroblasts as well as skin fibroblasts and aortic smooth muscle cells derived from human fetus). (inat.ru)
In cell cultures isolated from grossly normal and atherosclerotic aorta the number of cells coupled via gap junction increased with cell density and reached the plateau at a cell density of 50-70 cells/mm2. (inat.ru)
In cultures of human skin fibroblasts the rate of intercellular communication was comparable to that in cultures of atherosclerotic cells. (inat.ru)
These structures form junctions that attach cells to one another. (medlineplus.gov)
Caco-2 cells labeled for tight junction molecule cingulin (green), actin (red), vinculin (pink) and DNA (blue). (weizmann.ac.il)
Here, we examine the role of cells back from the wound edge and show that they also stretch towards the wound and cells anterior-posterior to the wound edge rearrange their junctions with neighbours to drive cell intercalation events. (bris.ac.uk)
Notably, iHUCOs have both epithelial and stromal compartments, preserving the colitic phenotype of their tissue of origin, such as responding to wounding by aberrant proliferation, a lack of goblet cells, and having compromised cellular tight junctions in their epithelial barrier. (nature.com)
Adherent or anchoring junctions , formed by interacting proteins of the cadherin family, are points of strong attachment holding together cells of the epithelium. (mhmedical.com)
Adherent junctions may form zonula adherens that encircle epithelial cells just below their tight junctions and attach indirectly to actin filaments, or scattered, spot-like attachment sites called desmosomes or maculae adherens , which attach to keratin intermediate filaments . (mhmedical.com)
Connexins, such as GJB7, are involved in the formation of gap junctions, intercellular conduits that directly connect the cytoplasms of contacting cells. (nih.gov)
Desmosomes are intercellular anchoring junctions that anchor intermediate filaments at membrane-associated plaques in adjoining cells. (fpnotebook.com)
The total number of dye positive adjacent cells were used as an indication of gap junction intercellular communication. (cdc.gov)
The unique heterotypic Cx37/Cx43 and Cx37/Cx45 GJ properties may help us understand the intercellular communication between vascular cells. (uwo.ca)
Definition noun, plural: cell junctions Intercellular connections between adjacent cells, resulting in varying degrees of. (biologyonline.com)
Definition noun, plural: hemidesmosomes A type of anchoring junction between neighboring cells forming a rivet-like links. (biologyonline.com)
Definition noun A type of anchoring junction between neighboring cells forming a plaquelike site on the cell. (biologyonline.com)
Oligomers in the adjacent membranes of two closely apposed cells 'dock' to form intercellular channels, through which ions and small molecules move. (wormbase.org)
EMT refers to the loss of cell polarity, intercellular adhesion and junctions, increased migratory and invasive capacities in tumor epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Docking of connexons on the surfaces of two adjacent cells results in the formation of intercellular gap junction channels. (bmj.com)
In replicas, no particle organizations attributable to intercellular junctions were observed on the plasma membranes of Langerhans cells. (elsevier.com)
Those intercellular channels, which allow cells to exchange molecules and ions, are crucial to the growth of a glioblastoma tumor, researchers found. (bioquicknews.com)
The cells of the connective tissue are widely spaced and embedded in an intercellular matrix. (geertroovers.nl)
When silenced for the gap junction and tumor suppressor Cx43, Cx43-KO-S1 cells recapitulate pre-neoplastic phenotypes observed in tissues at risk for breast cancer in vivo. (cdc.gov)

These results indicate that LM-Lipo adhered to and regulated intercellular junctions of inflamed endothelial cell layer, resulting in passage through the layer, by mimicking the function of leukocytes. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Tight junctions are the intercellular barrier between two neighboring endothelial and epithelial. (biologyonline.com)
Perfusion with histamine (1 µg/ml) results in partial removal of fenestral diaphragms, occasional detachment of the endothelium from the basement membrane, and focal separation of endothelial intercellular junctions. (rupress.org)
PAR-1 activation strengthens endothelial tight junctions, increases endothelial survival, and dampens the inflammatory response. (cdc.gov)

Definition noun, plural: desmosomes A type of cell junction made up of desmosome-intermediate filament complexes, which in. (biologyonline.com)
Electron microscopy reveals loss of desmosomes (epithelial intercellular junctions formed by membrane and submembrane protein complexes), breakdown of desmosome-keratin intermediate filament attachment, and perinuclear aggregates of keratin intermediate filaments. (medscape.com)

Tight junctions are intercellular structures required for maintenance of the barrier function of the airway epithelium, which is impaired in this. (koreamed.org)
Re- cent studies by Cloutier and colleagues (5-7) have dem- onstrated that aqueous extracts of cotton bracts, the major botanical component of cotton mill dust (8), mark- edly alter both the functional capacity and intercellular permeability of tracheal epithelium in vitro. (cdc.gov)

A critical pre-requisite for dorsal closure is integrity of these tissues that in part is mediated by cell-cell junctions and cell adhesion. (knaw.nl)
In this regard, mutations impairing junction formation and/or adhesion lead to dorsal closure. (knaw.nl)
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1. (who.int)
Interacting with various cellular proteins, E6 and E7 influence fundamental cellular functions like cell cycle regulation, telomere maintenance, susceptibility to apoptosis, intercellular adhesion and regulation of immune responses. (info-tecuci.ro)

We conclude that the high level of gap junctional intercellular communication characteristic of the lens equator in vivo is not required for secondary fiber formation as assayed in culture. (elsevier.com)
The effect of asphalt fume condensate fractions on gap junctional intercellular communication in a human epidermal keratinocyte cell line was investigated. (cdc.gov)

Zonulin is the only physiological modulator of the intercellular TJ permeability described so far and is involved in the trafficking of macromolecules and in the balance between tolerance and immune response to oral antigens. (medscape.com)
By producing site-directed mutations in the two major cardiac gap junction proteins, connexin43 (Cx43) and connexin40 (Cx40), we are examining the molecular basis for the selective electrical conductance and molecular permeability properties of cardiac gap junctions. (upstate.edu)

Each gap junction channel is formed by docking of 2 hemichannels, each of which contains 6 connexin subunits (Sohl et al. (nih.gov)
In vertebrates, intercellular communication via gap junctions is mediated by the connexin family of molecules, which is made up of at least 13 members. (wormbase.org)
This hypothesis gained support by the finding of a deletion in the DFNB1 locus outside GJB2 but truncating the neighbouring GJB6 gene (MIM 604418), which encodes connexin-30 (Cx30), another component of the gap junction networks of the cochlea. (bmj.com)
We hope to make structural inferences about gap junction channel pore structure by observing how endogenous polyamines, small polybasic molecules derived from amino acids such as spermine, block Cx40 and three other connexin gap junctions while having no effect on Cx43 and the majority of other 20 mammalian connexin-specific gap junctions. (upstate.edu)
Selectivity of connexin-specific gap junction channels does not correlate with channel conductance. (upstate.edu)
Connexin 46 is part of intercellular channels known as a gap junctions. (bioquicknews.com)

Furthermore, inhibition of gap junctions had no apparent effect on either of the two other types of intercellular (adherens and tight) junctions present in the lens. (elsevier.com)
Inhibition of intercellular communication in human keratinocytes by fractionated asphalt fume condensates. (cdc.gov)
All the fractions demonstrated a concentration dependent inhibition of dye coupling, indicating an inhibition in gap junction intercellular communication. (cdc.gov)
The authors conclude that fractionated asphalt fume condensates may have tumor promoting activity by inducing an inhibition of gap junction intercellular communication. (cdc.gov)

Unapposed hemichannels (HCs) formed by hexamers of gap junction proteins are now known to be involved in various cellular processes under both physiological and pathological conditions. (frontiersin.org)
Inhibitors of channels formed by proteins of the gap junction family such as suramin and probenecid are currently used for treatment of parasitic diseases caused by pathogenic protozoan. (intechopen.com)
Gap junction proteins are present in both vertebrates and invertebrates permitting direct and indirect cellular communication. (intechopen.com)
Recent evidences suggest that gap junction proteins play a critical role in bacterial and viral infections. (intechopen.com)
In this chapter, we summarized the current knowledge about the role of gap junction family proteins and channels in parasitic infections. (intechopen.com)
However, no role for the gap junction proteins Innexins has so far been described. (knaw.nl)

Definition noun, plural: tight junctions A type of cell junction that is attached to components of the extracellular. (biologyonline.com)
Most such junctions are too small to be resolved by light microscopy, but they can be visualized by conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, both of which show that the interacting CELL MEMBRANE and often the underlying CYTOPLASM and the intervening EXTRACELLULAR SPACE are highly specialized in these regions. (bvsalud.org)

Gap or communicating junctions are points of cell contact where both plasma membranes have numerous hexameric complexes of transmembrane connexons , each forming a channel allowing passage of small molecules from one cell to the other. (mhmedical.com)

Up- regulation of gap junctions is therefore likely to be a consequence rather than a cause of lens fiber differentiation and may primarily play a role in lens physiology. (elsevier.com)
Recently published observations provide new insights as to how this is effected and we are studying how the (patho)physiological regulation of cardiac, lens, and liver gap junctions may be altered by naturally occurring mutations. (upstate.edu)
Molecular interaction and functional regulation of connexin50 gap junctions by calmodulin. (upstate.edu)
[1] The (2001) [20] showed that down regulation of tight pathological mechanisms of DHF are still poorly junction components such as occluding by TNF understood. (who.int)

Plakophilin 2: a critical scaffold for PKC alpha that regulates intercellular junction assembly. (medlineplus.gov)

The intestinal epithelial barrier, with its intercellular tight junctions (TJ), in association with gut-associated lymphoid tissue and neuroendocrine network, controls the balance between tolerance and immunity to nonself-antigens. (medscape.com)

(C) Hemichannels of different molecular composition can assemble into intercellular "heterotypic" gap junction channels. (frontiersin.org)

Human vascular connexins (Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) can form various types of gap junction channels to synchronize vasodilation/constriction to control local circulation. (uwo.ca)

An important mode of communication between various cell types in the nervous system involves gap junctions. (ulaval.ca)
Gap junction intercellular communication was assessed by the dye coupling method using fluorescent dye microinjection. (cdc.gov)
Intercellular Communication Through Gap Junctions Is Reduced in Senescent Cell. (dojindo.com)
Gap junction (GJ) channels provide direct intercellular communication. (uwo.ca)
Intracellular calcium elicits myocardial contraction and, at least under pathophysiological conditions, can shut down gap junction communication. (upstate.edu)
We have investigated the mechanism by which the first experimental gap junction agonist, rotigaptide, helps preserve gap junction communication during a heart attack and slow the onset of lethal cardiac arrhythmias. (upstate.edu)

To measure functional coupling between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and to test whether this coupling is mediated by gap junctions we used laser photostimulation and monitored Ca(2+) propagation in cultures from transgenic animals in which oligodendrocytes express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). (ulaval.ca)

There is no known clinical therapeutic pharmacology for gap junctions despite their importance to the conduction of the heartbeat for every second of life. (upstate.edu)

Expression of intercellular junctions during preimplantation development of the human embryo. (ehd.org)

The major defense of the barrier system against permeation by harmful substances is comprised of tight intercellular junctions. (glutenfreeworks.com)

The tissue which has minimum intercellular space is epithelial tissue and connective tissue has largest intercellular spaces. (geertroovers.nl)

We are also examining the mechanisms by which human atrial fibrillation mutations in Cx40 or Cx43 alter cardiac gap junction function to produce cardiac arrhythmias or other human diseases. (upstate.edu)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Here, we show that Innexin 1, 2 and 3, are present in the ectoderm but also in the amnioserosa in plaques consistent with gap junctions. (knaw.nl)

6 Several different connexins, including Cx26, have been shown to participate in the complex gap junction networks of the cochlea. (bmj.com)

On the other hand, less is known regarding how differences in the molecular composition of HCs impact electrical synaptic transmission between neurons when they form intercellular heterotypic gap junctions (GJs). (frontiersin.org)

These included an increase in the prominence of intercellular junctions and the formation of folds and microvilli. (cdc.gov)

Intercellular calcium signaling between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes via gap junctions in culture. (ulaval.ca)
Although the presence of gap junctions between oligodendrocytes and astrocytes have been well documented, evidence for gap junction-mediated calcium transfer between these two glial populations is still missing. (ulaval.ca)

Definition noun, plural: gap junctions A type of cell junction characterized by the intercellular channel that is formed in. (biologyonline.com)

gap junction channel biophysics. (upstate.edu)
The rapid transmission of this 1/10th of a volt signal is accomplished by gap junctions, a type of intercellular junction which forms a tunnel-like channel. (upstate.edu)
Measurement of single channel currents from cardiac gap junctions. (upstate.edu)

We show that waves of Ca(2+) spread from astrocytes to oligodendrocytes and that these waves are blocked by the broad-spectrum gap junction blocker carbenoxolone, but not the neuron-specific gap junction blocker quinine. (ulaval.ca)

Tight junctions and cavitation in the human pre-embryo. (ehd.org)

In other organs, gap junctions have been shown to play an important role in tissue development and differentiation. (elsevier.com)

Intercellular junctions are well developed in epithelia and consist of three major types, with different functions. (mhmedical.com)
We have also begun investigating what effects novel types of anti-cancer drugs called histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have on cardiac gap junctions and the action potential they conduct. (upstate.edu)

We found that βGA greatly reduced gap junction-mediated intercellular transfer of Lucifer yellow and biocytin throughout the 8-day culture period. (elsevier.com)

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Freeze-fracture studies of frog atrial fibres. (1/2154)

Cell junctions in the developing compound eye of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. (2/2154)

PETA-3/CD151, a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, is localised to the plasma membrane and endocytic system of endothelial cells, associates with multiple integrins and modulates cell function. (3/2154)

Intercellular junctions in the ciliary epithelium. (4/2154)

Facilitation and depression of ATP and noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerves of rat tail artery. (5/2154)

Characterization of the 4C8 antigen involved in transendothelial migration of CD26(hi) T cells after tight adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. (6/2154)

Synapses involving auditory nerve fibers in primate cochlea. (7/2154)

Agonist-stimulated cytoskeletal reorganization and signal transduction at focal adhesions in vascular smooth muscle cells require c-Src. (8/2154)

No images available that match "intercellular junctions"

Intercellular Junctions

Tight Junctions

Desmosomes

Adherens Junctions

Gap Junctions

Freeze Fracturing

Zonula Occludens-1 Protein

Junctional Adhesion Molecules

Desmoplakins

Cadherins

Occludin

Desmoglein 2

Microscopy, Electron

Epithelium

Claudin-1

Desmocollins

gamma Catenin

Epithelial Cells

Plakophilins

Neuromuscular Junction

Membrane Proteins

Desmogleins

Connexin 43

Endothelium

Cell Communication

Cytoskeletal Proteins

Cell Adhesion

Cell Adhesion Molecules

Connexins

Desmosomal Cadherins

Catenins

Zonula Occludens-2 Protein

Electric Impedance

Cell Membrane Permeability

Dogs

Actins

Phosphoproteins

Cells, Cultured

Capillaries

alpha Catenin

beta Catenin

Cytoskeleton

Caco-2 Cells

Permeability

Cell Polarity

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Cell Membrane

Capillary Permeability

Cell Line

Microscopy, Confocal

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Lens, Crystalline

Endothelium, Vascular

Microscopy, Phase-Contrast

Lanthanum

Intestinal Mucosa

Podocytes

Basement Membrane

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

rho GTP-Binding Proteins

Endothelial Cells

Esophagogastric Junction

Molecular Sequence Data

Microscopy, Immunoelectron

Immunohistochemistry

Keratinocytes

Actin Cytoskeleton

Cell Movement

Tight Junction Proteins

Antigens, CD

rac GTP-Binding Proteins

Holliday Junction Resolvases

Antigens, CD31

Blood-Brain Barrier

Signal Transduction

Calcium

Transfection

Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

Models, Biological

Electric Conductivity