Insecticides. Medical search

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.

The active insecticidal constituent of CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIFOLIUM flowers. Pyrethrin I is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid and pyrethrin II is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester.

The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous insects through chemical, biological, or other means.

A polychlorinated pesticide that is resistant to destruction by light and oxidation. Its unusual stability has resulted in difficulties in residue removal from water, soil, and foodstuffs. This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen: Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.

A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.

A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa.

An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB)

Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.

An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.

An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.

Flies of the species Musca domestica (family MUSCIDAE), which infest human habitations throughout the world and often act as carriers of pathogenic organisms.

Compounds having the nitro group, -NO2, attached to carbon. When attached to nitrogen they are nitramines and attached to oxygen they are NITRATES.

Chemicals that, while not possessing inherent pesticidal activity, nonetheless promote or enhance the effectiveness of other pesticides when combined.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) commonly found in tropical regions. Species of this genus are vectors for ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS as well as many other diseases of man and domestic and wild animals.

Articles of cloth, usually cotton or rayon and other synthetic or cotton-blend fabrics, used in households, hospitals, physicians' examining rooms, nursing homes, etc., for sheets, pillow cases, toweling, gowns, drapes, and the like.

A carbamate insecticide.

A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

An insecticide synergist, especially for pyrethroids and ROTENONE.

A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.

Pesticides or their breakdown products remaining in the environment following their normal use or accidental contamination.

Organic compounds containing the -CN radical. The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE.

Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.

Compounds containing carbon-phosphorus bonds in which the phosphorus component is also bonded to one or more sulfur atoms. Many of these compounds function as CHOLINERGIC AGENTS and as INSECTICIDES.

Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.

The application of smoke, vapor, or gas for the purpose of disinfecting or destroying pests or microorganisms.

An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.

Lightweight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester, nylon (polyamides), or other material impregnated with insecticide, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby offering protection against insect bite and insect-borne diseases.

A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.

Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS.

A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.

A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61)

Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.

The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous plants, insects, or other animals. This includes control of plants that serve as habitats or food sources for animal pests.

The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.

A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity.

Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.

A genus of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Several species are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.

An organochlorine insecticide that has been used as a pediculicide and a scabicide. It has been shown to cause cancer.

Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER and DENGUE are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus.

Bugs of the family CIMICIDAE, genus Cimex. They are flattened, oval, reddish insects which inhabit houses, wallpaper, furniture, and beds. C. lectularius, of temperate regions, is the common bedbug that attacks humans and is frequently a serious pest in houses, hotels, barracks, and other living quarters. Experiments have shown that bedbugs can transmit a variety of diseases, but they are not normal vectors under natural conditions. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p272)

Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.

Use of naturally-occuring or genetically-engineered organisms to reduce or eliminate populations of pests.

Carbon-containing phosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have CARBON atoms bound to one or more OXYGEN atoms of the P(=O)(O)3 structure. Note that several specific classes of endogenous phosphorus-containing compounds such as NUCLEOTIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and PHOSPHOPROTEINS are listed elsewhere.

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER and between TOGO and NIGERIA. Its capital is Porto-Novo. It was formerly called Dahomey. In the 17th century it was a kingdom in the southern area of Africa. Coastal footholds were established by the French who deposed the ruler by 1892. It was made a French colony in 1894 and gained independence in 1960. Benin comes from the name of the indigenous inhabitants, the Bini, now more closely linked with southern Nigeria (Benin City, a town there). Bini may be related to the Arabic bani, sons. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p136, 310 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p60)

Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food.

An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.

Drugs that inhibit cholinesterases. The neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE is rapidly hydrolyzed, and thereby inactivated, by cholinesterases. When cholinesterases are inhibited, the action of endogenously released acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses is potentiated. Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used clinically for their potentiation of cholinergic inputs to the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, the eye, and skeletal muscles; they are also used for their effects on the heart and the central nervous system.

Various salts of a quaternary ammonium oxime that reconstitute inactivated acetylcholinesterase, especially at the neuromuscular junction, and may cause neuromuscular blockade. They are used as antidotes to organophosphorus poisoning as chlorides, iodides, methanesulfonates (mesylates), or other salts.

An organothiophosphate insecticide.

Phenyl esters of carbamic acid or of N-substituted carbamic acids. Structures are similar to PHENYLUREA COMPOUNDS with a carbamate in place of the urea.

A highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.

The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.

Proteins found in any species of insect.

An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a pesticide.

Carbon-containing thiophosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either SULFUR atom, or the OXYGEN atom of the SPO3 core structure.

Chemicals used in agriculture. These include pesticides, fumigants, fertilizers, plant hormones, steroids, antibiotics, mycotoxins, etc.

An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.

Living facilities for humans.

Carboxylesterase is a serine-dependent esterase with wide substrate specificity. The enzyme is involved in the detoxification of XENOBIOTICS and the activation of ester and of amide PRODRUGS.

Reduction of pharmacologic activity or toxicity of a drug or other foreign substance by a living system, usually by enzymatic action. It includes those metabolic transformations that make the substance more soluble for faster renal excretion.

A family (Aphididae) of small insects, in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, that suck the juices of plants. Important genera include Schizaphis and Myzus. The latter is known to carry more than 100 virus diseases between plants.

A large order of insects characterized by having the mouth parts adapted to piercing or sucking. It is comprised of four suborders: HETEROPTERA, Auchenorrhyncha, Sternorrhyncha, and Coleorrhyncha.

The class Insecta, in the phylum ARTHROPODA, whose members are characterized by division into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. They are the dominant group of animals on earth; several hundred thousand different kinds having been described. Three orders, HEMIPTERA; DIPTERA; and SIPHONAPTERA; are of medical interest in that they cause disease in humans and animals. (From Borror et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p1)

A republic in central Africa, bordering the Bay of Biafra, CAMEROON is to the north and GABON to the south. Its capital is Malabo.

Insects of the order Dictyoptera comprising several families including Blaberidae, BLATTELLIDAE, Blattidae (containing the American cockroach PERIPLANETA americana), Cryptocercidae, and Polyphagidae.

The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.

An island in the Lesser Antilles, one of the Windward Islands. Its capital is Fort-de-France. It was discovered by Columbus in 1502 and from its settlement in 1635 by the French it passed into and out of Dutch and British hands. It was made a French overseas department in 1946. One account of the name tells of native women on the shore calling "Madinina" as Columbus approached the island. The meaning was never discovered but was entered on early charts as Martinique, influenced by the name of St. Martin. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p734 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p339)

Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A man-made compound previously used to control termites and other insects. Even though production of heptachlor was phased out of use in the United States during the late 1980's it remains in soil and hazardous waste sites. It is clearly toxic to animals and humans but, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that heptachlor is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (From ATSDR Public Heath Statement, April 1989)

Free-standing or supported lightweight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester or other material, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby protecting against INSECT BITES; INSECT STINGS, and insect-borne diseases.

A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Diseases in persons engaged in cultivating and tilling soil, growing plants, harvesting crops, raising livestock, or otherwise engaged in husbandry and farming. The diseases are not restricted to farmers in the sense of those who perform conventional farm chores: the heading applies also to those engaged in the individual activities named above, as in those only gathering harvest or in those only dusting crops.

The geographic area of the Mekong Valley in general or when the specific country or countries are not indicated. Usually includes Cambodia, Indochina, and Laos.

The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.

A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent.

An order of the class Insecta. Wings, when present, number two and distinguish Diptera from other so-called flies, while the halteres, or reduced hindwings, separate Diptera from other insects with one pair of wings. The order includes the families Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Phoridae, SARCOPHAGIDAE, Scatophagidae, Sciaridae, SIMULIIDAE, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Trypetidae, CERATOPOGONIDAE; CHIRONOMIDAE; CULICIDAE; DROSOPHILIDAE; GLOSSINIDAE; MUSCIDAE; TEPHRITIDAE; and PSYCHODIDAE. The larval form of Diptera species are called maggots (see LARVA).

Insects of the suborder Heterocera of the order LEPIDOPTERA.

A mitosporic fungal genus. Teleomorphs are found in the family Clavicipitaceae and include Cordyceps bassiana. The species Beauveria bassiana is a common pathogen of ARTHROPODS and is used in PEST CONTROL.

A highly chlorinated polycyclic hydrocarbon insecticide whose large number of chlorine atoms makes it resistant to degradation. It has been shown to be toxic to mammals and causes abnormal cellular changes in laboratory animals.

An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed)

The immature stage in the life cycle of those orders of insects characterized by gradual metamorphosis, in which the young resemble the imago in general form of body, including compound eyes and external wings; also the 8-legged stage of mites and ticks that follows the first moult.

An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.

Lice of the genus Pediculus, family Pediculidae. Pediculus humanus corporus is the human body louse and Pediculus humanus capitis is the human head louse.

Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.

A plant species of the genus CHRYSANTHEMUM, family ASTERACEAE. The flowers contain PYRETHRINS, cinerolones, and chrysanthemines which are powerful contact insecticides. Most in the old Pyrethrum genus are reclassified to TANACETUM; some to other ASTERACEAE genera.

A large order of insects comprising the butterflies and moths.

A discipline or occupation concerned with the study of INSECTS, including the biology and the control of insects.

A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form.

BEETLES in the family Curculionidae and the largest family in the order COLEOPTERA. They have a markedly convex shape and many are considered pests.

Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.

A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE. It is the source of COTTON FIBER; COTTONSEED OIL, which is used for cooking, and GOSSYPOL. The economically important cotton crop is a major user of agricultural PESTICIDES.

A group of degraded TRITERPENES in which the four terminal carbons of the C17 side chain have been removed, and the remaining portion often forming C17 furans.

Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more of the hydrogens replaced by CHLORINE.

Amide derivatives of phosphoric acid such as compounds that include the phosphoric triamide (P(=O)(N)(N)(N)) structure.

A genus in the family Blattidae containing several species, the most common being P. americana, the American cockroach.

A republic in central Africa, east of NIGER, west of SUDAN and south of LIBYA. Its capital is N'Djamena.

A species of gram-positive bacteria which may be pathogenic for certain insects. It is used for the biological control of the Gypsy moth.

INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.

A family of the order DIPTERA with over 700 species. Important species that may be mechanical vectors of disease include Musca domesticus (HOUSEFLIES), Musca autumnalis (face fly), Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly), Haematobia irritans (horn fly) and Fannia spp.

A pesticide or chemical agent that kills mites and ticks. This is a large class that includes carbamates, formamides, organochlorines, organophosphates, etc, that act as antibiotics or growth regulators.

Bites and stings inflicted by insects.

Infections with the protozoa of the phylum EUGLENOZOA.

Family of spider MITES, in the superfamily Tetranychoidea, suborder Trombidiformes.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

A compound used as a topical insect repellent that may cause irritation to eyes and mucous membranes, but not to the skin.

Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.

A mitosporic fungal genus in the family Clavicipitaceae. It has teleomorphs in the family Nectriaceae. Metarhizium anisopliae is used in PESTICIDES.

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.

An order of mostly marine CRUSTACEA containing more than 5500 species in over 100 families. Like ISOPODA, the other large order in the superorder Peracarida, members are shrimp-like in appearance, have sessile compound eyes, and no carapace. But unlike Isopoda, they possess thoracic gills and their bodies are laterally compressed.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.

A genus of PSYCHODIDAE which functions as the vector of a number of pathogenic organisms, including LEISHMANIA DONOVANI; LEISHMANIA TROPICA; Bartonella bacilliformis, and the Pappataci fever virus (SANDFLY FEVER NAPLES VIRUS).

The capability of producing eggs (OVA) from which young are hatched outside the body. While mostly referring to nonmammalian species, this does include MAMMALS of the order MONOTREMATA.

A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.

A family of wingless, blood-sucking insects of the suborder HETEROPTERA, including the bedbugs and related forms. Cimex (BEDBUGS), Heamatosiphon, and Oeciacus are medically important genera. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA. The capital is Yaounde.

Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.

Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.

A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.

A family of insects in the order Dictyoptera (COCKROACHES), including genera Blattella, Parcoblatta, and Symploce.

Six-membered heterocycles containing an oxygen and a nitrogen.

A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

Organisms, biological agents, or biologically-derived agents used strategically for their positive or adverse effect on the physiology and/or reproductive health of other organisms.

A republic in southern Africa, south of TANZANIA, east of ZAMBIA and ZIMBABWE, bordered on the west by the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Maputo. It was formerly called Portuguese East Africa.

Cultivated plants or agricultural produce such as grain, vegetables, or fruit. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)

A piperidine botanical insecticide.

An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange.

An overview of the evolution of overproduced esterases in the mosquito Culex pipiens. (1/3500)

Insecticide resistance genes have developed in a wide variety of insects in response to heavy chemical application. Few of these examples of adaptation in response to rapid environmental change have been studied both at the population level and at the gene level. One of these is the evolution of the overproduced esterases that are involved in resistance to organophosphate insecticides in the mosquito Culex pipiens. At the gene level, two genetic mechanisms are involved in esterase overproduction, namely gene amplification and gene regulation. At the population level, the co-occurrence of the same amplified allele in distinct geographic areas is best explained by the importance of passive transportation at the worldwide scale. The long-term monitoring of a population of mosquitoes in southern France has enabled a detailed study to be made of the evolution of resistance genes on a local scale, and has shown that a resistance gene with a lower cost has replaced a former resistance allele with a higher cost. (+info)

The bystander effect in the HSVtk/ganciclovir system and its relationship to gap junctional communication. (2/3500)

The bystander effect (BSE) is an interesting and important property of the herpes thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (hTK/GCV) system of gene therapy for cancer. With the BSE, not only are the hTK expressing cells killed upon ganciclovir (GCV) exposure but also neighboring wild-type tumor cells. On testing a large number of tumor cell lines in vitro, a wide range of sensitivity to bystander killing was found. Since transfer of toxic GCV metabolites from hTK-modified to wild-type tumor cells via gap junctions (GJ) seemed to be a likely mechanism of the BSE, we tested GJ function in these various tumors with a dye transfer technique and pharmacological agents known to affect GJ communication. We confirmed that mixtures of tumor cell resistant to the BSE did not show dye transfer from cell to cell while bystander-sensitive tumor cells did. Dieldrin, a drug known to decrease GJ communication, diminished dye transfer and also inhibited the BSE. Forskolin, an upregulator of cAMP did increase GJ, but directly inhibited hTK and therefore its effect on BSE could not be determined. We conclude that these observations further support port the concept that functional GJ play an important role in the BSE and further suggest that pharmacological manipulation of GJ may influence the outcome of cancer therapy with hTK/GCV. (+info)

A toxicokinetic model to assess the risk of azinphosmethyl exposure in humans through measures of urinary elimination of alkylphosphates. (3/3500)

Azinphosmethyl (APM) is one of the most common insecticides used in fruit farming. The object of this paper is to develop a quick and practical test for assessing the risk for humans coming into contact with APM. It has been shown that the principal component of occupational and/or accidental exposure is through the skin (C. A. Franklin et al., 1981, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 7, 715-731), but our approach is applicable to exposures via any route or a combination of routes. The method proposed in the present paper can accommodate a single-event exposure or repeated exposures over long periods. Urinary alkylphosphate (AP) metabolites are reliable bioindicators of the presence of APM in the body; they are easily accessible and can be used to estimate APM body burden. We developed a simple toxicokinetic model to link the time varying APM body burden to absorbed doses and to rates of elimination in the form of AP urinary metabolites. Using this model and data available in the literature, we are able to propose a "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) for APM body levels and for corresponding absorbed doses. We have established that after a single exposure, the safe limit corresponding to the NOAEL is reached at a cumulative 0.215 mumoles AP/kg bw eliminated in urine in the first 24 hours following the beginning of exposure. For repeated daily exposures at steady state, the corresponding urinary AP metabolite level is equal to a cumulative 0.266 mumoles AP/kg bw eliminated per 24 hours. (+info)

Involvement of two plasmids in the degradation of carbaryl by Arthrobacter sp. strain RC100. (4/3500)

A bacterium capable of utilizing carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) as the sole carbon source was isolated from carbaryl-treated soil. This bacterium was characterized taxonomically as Arthrobacter and was designated strain RC100. RC100 hydrolyzes the N-methylcarbamate linkage to 1-naphthol, which was further metabolized via salicylate and gentisate. Strain RC100 harbored three plasmids (designated pRC1, pRC2, and pRC3). Mutants unable to degrade carbaryl arose at a high frequency after treating the culture with mitomycin C. All carbaryl-hydrolysis-deficient mutants (Cah-) lacked pRC1, and all 1-naphthol-utilization-deficient mutants (Nat-) lacked pRC2. The plasmid-free strain RC107 grew on gentisate as a carbon source. These two plasmids could be transferred to Cah- mutants or Nat- mutants by conjugation, resulting in the restoration of the Cah and Nah phenotypes. (+info)

Altered properties of neuronal sodium channels associated with genetic resistance to pyrethroids. (5/3500)

Genetic resistance to pyrethroid insecticides involves nervous system insensitivity linked to regulatory and structural genes of voltage-sensitive sodium channels. We examined the properties and relative density of sodium channels in central neurons of susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant (Pyr-R) insects that were homozygous for the amino acid substitution V421M in the I-S6 transmembrane segment. Pyr-R sodium channels show approximately 21-fold lower sensitivity to the synthetic pyrethroid permethrin and a approximately 2-fold increased sensitivity to the alpha-scorpion toxin LqhalphaIT. Pyr-R channels also exhibit altered gating properties, including a approximately 13 mV positive shift in voltage-dependent activation and approximately 7 mV positive shift in steady-state inactivation. Consistent with these changes in gating behavior, Pyr-R central neurons are less excitable, as evidenced by an approximately 11 mV elevation of action potential threshold. No differences in sodium channel density are evident. The altered properties of Pyr-R sodium channels provide a plausible molecular basis for nervous system insensitivity associated with pyrethroid resistance. (+info)

Estrogenic potential of certain pyrethroid compounds in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line. (6/3500)

Estrogens, whether natural or synthetic, clearly influence reproductive development, senescence, and carcinogenesis. Pyrethroid insecticides are now the most widely used agents for indoor pest control, providing potential for human exposure. Using the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line, we studied the estrogenic potential of several synthetic pyrethroid compounds in vitro using pS2 mRNA levels as the end point. We tested sumithrin, fenvalerate, d-trans allethrin, and permethrin. Nanomolar concentrations of either sumithrin or fenvalerate were sufficient to increase pS2 expression slightly above basal levels. At micromolar concentrations, these two pyrethroid compounds induced pS2 expression to levels comparable to those elicited by 10 nM 17ss-estradiol (fivefold). The estrogenic activity of sumithrin was abolished with co-treatment with an antiestrogen (ICI 164,384), whereas estrogenic activity of fenvalerate was not significantly diminished with antiestrogen co-treatment. In addition, both sumithrin and fenvalerate were able to induce cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-response fashion. Neither permethrin nor d-trans allethrin affected pS2 expression. Permethrin had a noticeable effect on cell proliferation at 100 microM, whereas d-trans allethrin slightly induced MCF-7 cell proliferation at 10 microM, but was toxic at higher concentrations. Overall, our studies imply that each pyrethroid compound is unique in its ability to influence several cellular pathways. These findings suggest that pyrethroids should be considered to be hormone disruptors, and their potential to affect endocrine function in humans and wildlife should be investigated. (+info)

Relationships between environmental organochlorine contaminant residues, plasma corticosterone concentrations, and intermediary metabolic enzyme activities in Great Lakes herring gull embryos. (7/3500)

Experiments were conducted to survey and detect differences in plasma corticosterone concentrations and intermediary metabolic enzyme activities in herring gull (Larus argentatus) embryos environmentally exposed to organochlorine contaminants in ovo. Unincubated fertile herring gull eggs were collected from an Atlantic coast control site and various Great Lakes sites in 1997 and artificially incubated in the laboratory. Liver and/or kidney tissues from approximately half of the late-stage embryos were analyzed for the activities of various intermediary metabolic enzymes known to be regulated, at least in part, by corticosteroids. Basal plasma corticosterone concentrations were determined for the remaining embryos. Yolk sacs were collected from each embryo and a subset was analyzed for organochlorine contaminants. Regression analysis of individual yolk sac organochlorine residue concentrations, or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQs), with individual basal plasma corticosterone concentrations indicated statistically significant inverse relationships for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), non-ortho PCBs, and TEQs. Similarly, inverse relationships were observed for the activities of two intermediary metabolic enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and malic enzyme) when regressed against PCDDs/PCDFs. Overall, these data suggest that current levels of organochlorine contamination may be affecting the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and associated intermediary metabolic pathways in environmentally exposed herring gull embryos in the Great Lakes. (+info)

Environmental contaminants and body fat distribution. (8/3500)

The effect of body mass index (BMI) and waist:hip ratio (WHR) on plasma levels of organochlorines [i.e., 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE)] was investigated in a sample of black and white women drawn from a population-based study in North Carolina. Organochlorine levels were determined in plasma samples from 99 women selected on the basis of race (black versus white) and quartile of the WHR (1st versus 4th). Of a panel of 20 organochlorine compounds tested, only DDE was detectable in most study subjects. Measurements of height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences were taken during an in-person interview. Information was elicited regarding dietary, residential, and breast-feeding histories. Results of multiple regression analyses indicate that black women had significantly higher plasma levels of DDE than white women. These levels were independent of BMI and WHR. BMI but not WHR was also found to be an independent predictor of DDE plasma level. These results suggest that black/white differences should be considered in studies that explore the relationship between environmental contaminants and various disease outcomes, such as breast cancer risk. In addition, BMI may affect circulating levels of contaminants and should also be considered a potentially important modifying factor for exposure to lipophilic substances. (+info)

Insecticides[edit]. Mint oil is also used as an environmentally friendly insecticide for its ability to kill some common pests ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentha

Insecticides[edit]. Soil-applied insecticides effectively control corn rootworms. Insecticide may be warranted in areas that ... Bt insecticides saw expanded use and development in the 1980s as an alternative to synthetic insecticides. Beginning in the ... As a way to reduce rootworm densities, it is more effective than insecticides.[2] Corn rootworm larvae must feed on corn roots ... Bt was first used as an insecticide in 1920 and spray formulations containing either Bt bacteria or Bt proteins came into use ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_corn_rootworm

Insecticides[edit]. Main article: Indoor residual spraying. Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, e.g. malathion and ... with insecticides, possibly including DDT. IRS involves the treatment of interior walls and ceilings with insecticides. It is ... Mechanism of insecticide action[edit]. In insects, DDT opens sodium ion channels in neurons, causing them to fire spontaneously ... Insecticide resistance on the move". Science. 297 (5590): 2222-23. doi:10.1126/science.1077266. PMID 12351778.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ddt

Cleanser/insecticide[edit]. The soapnut contains the compound of saponin, which has natural cleansing properties, and therefore ... the soapnut can be used as a cleanser for hair, skin, and clothing.[5] These saponins are also useful as insecticides, for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapindus_mukorossi

Insecticide and repellent[edit]. Eucalyptol is used as an insecticide and insect repellent.[5][6] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cineole

Insecticide resistance[edit]. In recent years, codling moths with insecticide-resistant strains arose. They have become ... In order to control these pests, insecticide has been used extensively.[1] Case study done in British Columbia in the late ... Regularly pruning the branches of the fruit trees will allow insecticide to reach the insides of the crown better. A crown of a ... However, there is a fitness cost associated with increased insecticide resistance. Pesticide-resistant codling moths are less ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codling_moth

"Insecticide" Fireside Favourites 1981 "Make Room" "Lady Shave" non-album single 1982 "King of the Flies" (flexi) Depeche Mode ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fad_Gadget

An example of intentional release is insecticides used after a flood or chlorine treatment of water after a flood. The chemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Preparedness

"What is the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos?". 10 August 2018. US EPA Office of Pesticide Programs (20 August 2015). "EPA sets limits ... As of 2016, chlorpyrifos is the most used conventional insecticide in the US and is used in over 40 states; the top five states ... "Common Insecticide May Harm Boys' Brains More Than Girls". Scientific American. 21 August 2012. U.S. EPA (2002). "Interim ... Revkin, Andrew C. (9 June 2000). "E.P.A., Citing Risks to Children, Signs Accord to Limit Insecticide". The New York Times. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorpyrifos

Insecticides. A spot-on insecticide kills the fleas on the pet. A fogger or spray insecticide containing an insect growth ... Flea adults, larvae, or eggs can be controlled with insecticides. Lufenuron is a veterinary preparation (known as Program) that ... A comparison of 3 insecticides (selamectin, fipronil, imidacloprid) showed that selamectin reduced larval cat fleas ≥93.5% ... earth can also be used as a home flea treatment in lieu of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory treatments or insecticides which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea_treatments

InsecticideEdit. RNAi is under development as an insecticide, employing multiple approaches, including genetic engineering and ... The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.[4] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interference

InsecticidesEdit. Insecticides with active ingredients such as azadirachtin, imidacloprid, emamectin benzoate, and dinotefuran ... Insecticides once typically only considered a viable option in urban areas with high value trees near an infestation. Has now ... Some insecticides cannot be applied by homeowners and must be applied by licensed applicators. According to a 2011 field study ... Damage from emerald ash borer only increases over time for untreated trees.[6] Insecticide treatments are not feasible for ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerald_ash_borer

This is also the mode of action of the related insecticides, all of which can produce the dithiol corresponding to cleavage of ... 1998). "Insecticides". Chemistry and Mode of Action of Crop Protection Agents. pp. 46-73. doi:10.1039/9781847550422-00046. ISBN ... Researchers at Takeda in Japan investigated it as a possible insecticide. They subsequently developed a number of derivatives ... Casida, John E.; Durkin, Kathleen A. (2013). "Neuroactive Insecticides: Targets, Selectivity, Resistance, and Secondary Effects ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nereistoxin

It is marketed under the names Indoxacarb Technical Insecticide, Steward Insecticide and Avaunt Insecticide. It is also used as ... "Indoxacarb Insecticide Wipes Out Entire Cockroach Generations". June 23, 2008. Archived from the original on June 27, 2008. ... DuPont Steward insecticide - FAQs. Updated 20 January 2007. Retrieved 2012-11-11 Indoxacarb in the Pesticide Properties ... Indoxacarb is the active ingredient in a number of household insecticides, including cockroach and ant baits, and can remain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoxacarb

... is an organosilicon pyrethroid insecticide. Sieburth, Scott McNeill; Manly, Charles J.; Gammon, Derek W. (1990). " ... "Organosilane insecticides. Part I: biological and physical effects of isosteric replacement of silicon for carbon in etofenprox ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silafluofen

As an insecticide, it was introduced in 1898 used against the gypsy moth in Massachusetts. It represented a less soluble and ... Lead arsenate was used as an insecticide in deciduous fruit trees until around 1947 in Washington. Peryea et al. studied the ... Historical use of lead arsenate insecticides, resulting in soil contamination and implications for soil remediation. ... Metcalf Deceased, Robert L.; Horowitz, Abraham Rami (2014). "Insect Control, 2. Individual Insecticides". Ullmann's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_hydrogen_arsenate

Use as insecticideEdit. In an agricultural context, the toxicity of untreated cottonseed oil may be considered beneficial: Oils ... Cottonseed oil can also be mixed with other insecticides to provide a broader spectrum and increased control on pests. Spider ... For agricultural applications, cottonseed oil generally has the greatest insecticide power among all the vegetable oils. They ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonseed_oil

Residual spraying using insecticides. Pathology[edit]. A single post mortem case has been described to date[33] The patient was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_knowlesi

Insecticides can be used. Larvicides kill the developing larvae, but large quantities may need to be used to reach areas below ... Keiding, J. (1975). "Problems of housefly (Musca domestica) control due to multiresistance to insecticides". Journal of Hygiene ... Many strains of housefly have become immune to the most commonly used insecticides.[55][56] ... "Insecticide resistance resulting from sequential selection of houseflies in the field by organophosphorus compounds". Bulletin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housefly

IRAC assigns insecticides into classes so as to facilitate this. References[edit]. *^ a b c d e f Pesticide Properties Database ... "Force 6.5g insecticide". Syngenta United States. Retrieved 2020-02-02.. *^ Willson HR (1996). "Pesticide Regulations". In ... a class of synthetic insecticides that mimic the structure and properties of the naturally occurring insecticide pyrethrin ... Naumann, Klaus (2013). Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides: Structures and Properties. Springer. p. 244. ISBN 9783642748516. .. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tefluthrin

... insecticides are used. One bagworm species, the fangalabola (Deborrea malgassa) of Madagascar, is in some places encouraged to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagworm

Are used as insecticides. *Are used medicinally: *To treat myasthenia gravis. In myasthenia gravis, they are used to increase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase_inhibitors

... poisoning from insecticides; and disease. In the late 2000s, Christmas Island researchers tried to capture forest skinks for a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Island_forest_skink

Arsenite of lime and arsenate of lead were used widely as insecticides until the discovery of DDT in 1942. The toxicity of ... For example, lead hydrogen arsenate was a common insecticide on fruit trees, but contact with the compound sometimes resulted ... These three have been used as agricultural insecticides and poisons. The protonation steps between the arsenate and arsenic ... doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00180-6. Marlatt, C. L. (1897). Important Insecticides: Directions for Their Preparation and Use. U.S ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic

The schemes follows from the Insecticides Act of 1968 and the Insecticides Rules of 1971. The labeling follows a general scheme ... Chemicals safe, says Rubber Board'. Central Insecticides Board. Insecticides Rules, 1971.. ... as laid down in the Insecticides Rules, 1971, and contains information such as brand name, name of manufacturer, name of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicity_label

Central Insecticides Board & Registration Committee. 'List of Insecticides'. Quinalphos in the Pesticide Properties DataBase ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinalphos

Feeds on insecticides. Female and male versions are practically identical. It was destroyed by Great's Great Slicer and he used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ultraman:_Towards_the_Future_characters

Insecticides, PUF, 1959. Wood-boring insects and their part in deadwood degradation in Forest ecology, Gauthier-Villars, 1974. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Dajoz

Seo J, Lee YG, Kim SD, Cha CJ, Ahn JH, Hur HG (April 2005). "Biodegradation of the insecticide N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide by fungi ... insecticides, and bed nets". Journal of Vector Ecology. 34 (1): 50-61. doi:10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00007.x. PMID 20836805.[ ... Insecticides and Solvents. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/10628. ISBN 978-0-309-11389-2. Kitchen LW, ... When DEET is used in combination with insecticides for cockroaches it can strengthen the toxicity of carbamate, an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEET

... organophosphate insecticides (T60.0†); sarin and other nerve gases; tetraethyllead (T56.0†); aniline (T65.3†); acetone and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance-induced_psychosis

Information on insecticide-treated bed nets and their use to prevent malaria. ... The insecticides that are used for treating bed nets kill mosquitoes, as well as other insects. The insecticides also repel ... Net Materials and Insecticides. Nets may vary by size, shape, color, material, and/or insecticide treatment status. Most nets ... Long-Lasting Insecticide-treated Nets (LLINs). Several companies have developed long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) ...

http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/reduction/itn.html

The use of neonicotinoid insecticides has grown considerably since their introduction in 1990s. They are used extensively for ... Golden age of insecticide research: Past, present, or future? Annu Rev Entomol 1998; 43:1-16.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Neonicotinoid insecticide toxicology: Mechanisms of selective action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2005; 45:247-68.PubMedCrossRef ... Naturally occurring insecticides. Environ Health Perspect 1976; 14:109-17.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-6445-8_7

Table of laboratory methods panels for Insecticides (Pyrethroids). Chemical. Specimen Type. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid. CAS No. 3739 ... Urinary Concentrations of Insecticide and Herbicide Metabolites among Pregnant Women in Rural Ghana: A Pilot Study. Wylie BJ, ... Urinary biomarkers of exposure to insecticides, herbicides, and one insect repellent among pregnant women in Puerto Rico. Lewis ... chlorpyrifos metabolite concentrations in Northern California families and their relationship to indoor residential insecticide ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/dls/oatb_capacity_09.html

Synthetic insecticide and natural insecticides[edit]. A major emphasis of organic chemistry is the development of chemical ... Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers. Insecticides are claimed to be a major factor behind ... Contact insecticides are toxic to insects upon direct contact. These can be inorganic insecticides, which are metals and ... How Insecticides Work - Has a thorough explanation on how insecticides work.. *University of California Integrated pest ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecticide

Any plastic spray bottle can be used to distribute the insecticide.. Powders. Dry insecticides also help to protect plants ... Natural dry insecticides prevent bugs from devouring plants and also work as fungicides. Organic insecticides also can provide ... A natural insecticide created at home uses fewer ingredients and is inexpensive when compared to commercial options. If you use ... To make a gallon of insecticide, peel and chop three to five cloves of garlic or one small onion and mix it with water, alcohol ...

https://www.ehow.com/way_5188938_homemade-organic-insecticides.html

insecticides, chemical, biological, or other agents used to destroy insect pests; the term commonly refers to chemical agents ...

https://www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/science/biology/environment/insecticides

Table of laboratory methods panels for Insecticides (Organophosphates). Chemical. Specimen Type. 2-Isopropyl-4-methyl-6- ... Urinary Concentrations of Insecticide and Herbicide Metabolites among Pregnant Women in Rural Ghana: A Pilot Study. Wylie BJ, ... Urinary biomarkers of exposure to insecticides, herbicides, and one insect repellent among pregnant women in Puerto Rico. Lewis ... Urinary biomarkers of exposure to insecticides, herbicides, and one insect repellent among pregnant women in Puerto Rico. Lewis ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/dls/oatb_capacity_08.html

Insecticides Insecticides are agents that assist in the control of unwanted insects. Insecticides work by either killing ... Insecticides can be chemical or organic in composition. There are general-use insecticide formulas for dealing with multiple ... Insecticides, pesticides and chemical fertilizers can all play an important role in the well being of any garden or crop. ... For example, a general pesticide or insecticide may take care of an aphid infestation while also killing bees, spiders or other ...

https://www.ehow.com/about_6672766_insecticides_-pesticides-chemical-fertilizers.html

My garlic-based insecticide was highly concentrated. Garlic was somewhat slower to cause 50% mortality but it had the second ... I tested my insecticides, each at three concentrations, on populations of greater wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella), or ... My Eastern hemlock insecticide may have acted as a repellent to the worms. However, the pesticide started taking effect ... I surmised the Eastern hemlock might be least effective insecticide because it has not been tested before and has a mild aroma. ...

https://www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/young-naturalist-awards/winning-essays2/2011-winning-essays/plant-extracts-as-natural-insecticides

Scientific American is the essential guide to the most awe-inspiring advances in science and technology, explaining how they change our understanding of the world and shape our lives.

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/micro-organisms-as-insecticides/?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a0d86de0-fc02-4a34-ab1f-396f07b0e7d9

... broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide and acaricide (used to kill ticks and mites). Considerably less toxic to humans than ... aerial release of the insecticide malathion. The boll weevil infestation is estimated to have caused crop losses of 30 to 50 ... Malathion, also called carbophos, mercaptothion, and maldison, broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide and acaricide (used ... and a dramatic decrease in the use of insecticides (40-100 percent), leading… ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/malathion

All posts tagged with insecticides. * Quebec is restricting use of pesticides that harm fish, bird and bee populations. ... Chemicals causing malaria outbreaks across Africa as mosquitoes grow increasingly resistant to insecticides. ... research into how these popular insecticides affect environmental and public health is still relatively new. Opinions about ... a bill that blocks new neonicotinoid insecticides while the […] ...

https://www.naturalnews.com/tag/insecticides/

Phenylpyrazole insecticides are a class of chemically-related broad-spectrum insecticides. The chemical structures of these ... Phenylpyrazole insecticides were developed in response to increasing pesticide resistance to other chemicals. Now, along with ... Phenylpyrazole insecticides function by blocking glutamate-activated chloride channels in insects. Mammals do not have this ... Media related to phenylpyrazole insecticides at Wikimedia Commons. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylpyrazole_insecticides

Hindustan Insecticides Limited (HIL) is a Government of India enterprise under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. It ... Venu Gopal, P N (4 July 2015). "Hindustan Insecticides to resume work amidst pollution charges". Down to Earth. Retrieved 15 ... Since then its product range has expanded to include Insecticides, Herbicides, Weedecides, and Fungicides. HIL is the worlds ... "Hindustan Insecticides plant ordered to shut". Business Line. Retrieved 24 February 2020. Description Official Website v t e. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Insecticides

... insecticides, and other bioactive molecules to mitochondria Why study the biosafety of pharmaceutical drugs, insecticides, and ... 1). Addition of insecticide to the isolated mitochondria results in quenching of fluorescence at both the shoulders. Quenching ... Monitoring biosafety of pharmaceutical drugs, insecticides,and other bioactive molecules to mitochondria * 1. Atlas of Science ... 1. Fluorescence emission spectra of mitochondrial membrane proteins in the absence of insecticide (red line) and in presence of ...

https://www.slideshare.net/icrisatsmco/monitoring-biosafety-of-pharmaceutical-drugs-insecticidesand-other-bioactive-molecules-to-mitochondria

... is linked to an insecticide, a U.S. journal reports. ... Such insecticides are among the most widely used in the world, ... Insecticides said culprit in bee decline Honeybees pesticide resistance studied Rate of honey bee loss remains steady High ... Scientists said they suspected the bee die-offs might be due to particles of the insecticide made airborne by the pneumatic ... In some parts of Europe where farmers use the technology to plant seeds coated with so-called neonicotinoid insecticides, ...

https://www.upi.com/Science_News/Technology/2012/03/15/Insecticides-linked-to-honeybee-die-offs/96311331840460/?u3L=1

Insecticides (India) Ltd News BRIEF-Insecticides (India) Sept-qtr profit rises * Sept quarter profit 361.4 million rupees ... Insecticides (India) June-qtr profit falls. Tuesday, 9 Aug 2016 Insecticides (India) Ltd : June-quarter net profit 181.3 ... Insecticides (India) Sept-qtr profit rises Monday, 20 Nov 2017 Nov 20 (Reuters) - Insecticides (India) Ltd ::Sept quarter ... Insecticides India inks deal with Momentive Performance Materials. Tuesday, 5 Jul 2016 Insecticides (India) Ltd : Signed deal ...

https://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/ISIL.NS/key-developments

EM,Adam Barclay,/EM, reports on how 2,000 rice farmers in Bangladesh have stopped using insecticides without reducing yields, ... Bangladeshi farmers banish insecticides. Imagine this: 2,000 poor rice farmers, whose average farm income is around US$100 per ... Bangladeshi farmers banish insecticides. Imagine this: 2,000 poor rice farmers, whose average farm income is around US$100 per ... "I can grow rice at lower cost because I use less urea and no insecticide," Ahmad explains. "With the money I save, I help my ...

http://www.scidev.net/global/farming/feature/bangladeshi-farmers-banish-insecticides.html

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Science.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/64/1650/159.1

They are among the best insecticides around and safe to use indoors. ...

https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/15/garden/soap-and-vinegar-are-fine-insecticides.html

Vehicular insect-icide A new study from the Netherlands attempts to shame vehicle owners for smashing insects in flight to a ...

https://nationalpost.com/news/vehicular-insect-icide

Insecticide poisoning occurs when someone swallows or breathes in this substance or it is absorbed through the skin. ... Insecticide is a chemical that kills bugs. Insecticide poisoning occurs when someone swallows or breathes in this substance or ... Stronger insecticides, which a commercial greenhouse might use or someone might store in their garage, contain many dangerous ... Cannon RD, Ruha A-M. Insecticides, herbicides, and rodenticides. In: Adams JG, ed. Emergency Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002832.htm

Aerosol insecticides are not allowed in carry-on; however they are allowed in checked bags as long as they are not labeled as ... Aerosol insecticides are not allowed in carry-on; however they are allowed in checked bags as long as they are not labeled as ...

https://www.tsa.gov/travel/security-screening/whatcanibring/items/aerosol-insecticide

We caught up with Mike Levine, President and Head Monkey at developer Crackpot, to get his reactions to Insecticides reception ... Last month Crackpot and Gamecock released Insecticide, giving DS owners a mix of adventure and action gameplay. The game has an ... IGN: Reviewers of Insecticide seem to agree that half of the game works and half doesnt. What do you guys think of the reviews ... Last month Crackpot and Gamecock released Insecticide, giving Nintendo DS owners a mix of adventure and action gameplay. The ...

http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/04/03/epilogue-insecticide

Insecticide-tainted eggs from European poultry farms have now been found in Hong Kong and Switzerland as well as 15 EU ... Death of two children might be caused by exposure to insecticide or chemical: Ministry of Health. The Ministry of Public Health ... Dutch farmers cry fowl as eggs poisoned by insecticide. Dozens of poultry farms have been closed across The Netherlands after ... The EUs executive Commission will call an emergency meeting of ministers over insecticide-tainted eggs in a bid to end ...

https://www.gulf-times.com/stories/t/77228/0/insecticide

Chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl are insecticides to control insect pests on a range of crops. Chlorpyrifos-methyl is also ...

https://www.foodsafetynews.com/tag/insecticides/

1. I/We _________________of ___________________hereby apply for the renewal of the licence to manufacture insecticide on the ... 2. The other details *regarding the manufacture of the insecticide continue to remain the same. ... APPLICATION FOR RENEWAL OF LICENCE TO MANUFACTURE INSECTICIDES. [Rule 9(1)]. ...

http://www.medindia.net/indian_health_act/insecticides-rules-1971-form-iv_print.htm

... and part of the reason is that they have grown increasingly resistant to the most common insecticides that exterminators use ... The pesky bugs, it appears, can pump out a stew of enzymes that destroy insecticides, according to the study out this week in ... Rejiggering conventional insecticides might still do enough damage to keep bedbugs at bay. "We can look at formulating things ... Besides insecticides, exterminators use a range of methods, including cold air, steam, and vacuums. But these repeated ...

How to Buy Organic Insecticides. Bugs and other creepy crawlers are a nuisance for many gardening enthusiasts, but not everyone ... Make sure the insecticide you choose is safe to use on your plants. While organic insecticides tend to be gentler than chemical ... Explore this Article Getting the Right Product Shopping around for Organic Insecticides Applying Organic Insecticides Expert Q& ... Make your own natural insecticide with garlic and dish soap. Maggie Moran, a horticulturalist, says, "Crush about 5 bulbs worth ...

https://www.wikihow.com/Buy-Organic-Insecticides

The insecticides that are used for treating bed nets kill mosquitoes, as well as other insects. (cdc.gov)
These insecticides have been shown to pose very low health risks to humans and other mammals, but are toxic to insects and kill them. (cdc.gov)
Insecticides are substances used to kill insects . (wikipedia.org)
When insects feed on the plant, they ingest the insecticide. (wikipedia.org)
Contact insecticides are toxic to insects upon direct contact. (wikipedia.org)
Insecticides are agents that assist in the control of unwanted insects. (ehow.com)
Insecticides work by either killing insects or simply preventing them from continuing their damaging behaviors. (ehow.com)
There are general-use insecticide formulas for dealing with multiple types of insects as well as products that target a specific insect pest such as gypsy moth traps. (ehow.com)
For example, a general pesticide or insecticide may take care of an aphid infestation while also killing bees, spiders or other helpful insects. (ehow.com)
CDC biologists have found nootkatone to be an effective repellent and insecticide for use against ticks (i.e., the blacklegged tick) and other insects, including Aedes mosquitoes that spread Zika and other viruses. (cdc.gov)
Such insecticides are among the most widely used in the world, popular because they kill insects by paralyzing nerves but have lower toxicity for other animals. (upi.com)
Organophosphorus insecticides are chemicals used to kill many types of insects. (cdc.gov)
Phenylpyrazole insecticides function by blocking glutamate-activated chloride channels in insects. (wikipedia.org)
Allan and her CMAVE cooperators are evaluating insecticides and designing innovative technology to fight biting insects and arthropods. (usda.gov)
Some examples of insecticides include pyrethroids for chewing insects, residual insecticides for crawling insects and systemic pesticides for chewing and sucking insects. (reference.com)
When insects chew or suck any part of the plant, they ingest insecticide. (reference.com)
Brigadier insecticide is a new at-plant option that offers effective protection against soil insects such as wireworms while also systemically controlling foliar insects including aphids, Colorado potato beetles and leafhoppers. (prweb.com)
The insecticide provides residual control for prolonged crop protection against sucking and chewing insects. (prweb.com)
Many chemical insecticides and pesticides are effective by harming the nervous system of pest insects. (lifehack.org)
Try the following natural insecticide recipes for assorted unwanted insects and other garden pests. (lifehack.org)
The insecticide will provide reliable, broad-spectrum control of the toughest-to-kill insects and the flexibility to be applied as often as growers need it, without delaying harvest schedules. (prnewswire.com)
However, if it lives among its apple neighbors in a sunny locale and is still plagued by insects, there are an abundance of insecticides on the market from which to choose. (gardenguides.com)
These individuals argue that microbial insecticides offer a way to get rid of harmful insects by keeping beneficial insects safe. (wisegeek.com)
In Germany, Technical University of Munich researchers developed an alternative to traditional insecticides that endanger bees, other beneficial insects, waterways, and soil. (biofuelsdigest.com)
Insecticides that directly kill insects have the reputation of being harmful to the respiratory system and Croatians therefore favour repellents. (bharatbook.com)
Not all insects are harmful, so applying insecticides indiscriminately, especially harsh pesticides that affect even the beneficial insects, can have a detrimental effect on your local garden ecosystem. (treehugger.com)
An insecticide is defined as 'a substance used to kill insects,' and as such, they have the potential to 'significantly alter ecosystems' and can be toxic to humans and other animals, so before going all out with any pesticide or insecticide, be sure to do your homework and choose the most effective, least harmful (to you and your garden) option. (treehugger.com)
A homemade insecticide made from vegetable oil mixed with a mild soap (such as Dr. Bronner's castile soap) can have a devastating effect on certain troublesome insects, such as aphids, mites, thrips, etc. (treehugger.com)
An oil extracted from the seeds of the neem tree is a powerful natural insecticide, capable of disrupting the life cycle of insects at all stages (adult, larvae, and egg), making it a great resource for the organic gardener. (treehugger.com)
For insecticides, or so-called plant protection products, are used in agriculture to protect crops against pest insects. (redorbit.com)
In this video, you will learn how Inscalis ® works on pests, useful insects and plants compared to conventional insecticides (only available in English). (basf.com)
These insecticides can reduce the amount of insects that scorpions feed upon. (reference.com)
this is a broad-spectrum insecticide and will harm certain species of desirable insects. (gardenguides.com)
These findings suggest that among the large panel of detoxification enzymes acquired by mosquitoes during their evolution (sometimes more than 200 genes), some are re-used by these insects to resist chemical insecticides, depending on gene flow between populations, their evolutionary history, the appearance of mutations, as well as environmental changes, such as the use of pesticides in agriculture. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Insecticides are specialty chemical products used particularly to control a variety of insects and disease carriers, such as ticks, mites, spiders, mosquitoes, rats and mice. (openpr.com)
Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt, is a natural insecticide derived from bacteria that causes disease among insects. (ehow.co.uk)
When ingested, the insecticide causes acute toxicity to insects and certain mammals, according to Oregon State University. (ehow.co.uk)
Because aquatic insects provide food for fish, birds and other wildlife, it is critical to better understand the full impact from this insecticide, including whether it is entering the food chain," said Kurt Carpenter, USGS hydrologist and co-lead on the study. (usgs.gov)

Preventing slugs and other pests from devouring vegetables is easy with homemade organic insecticide. (ehow.com)
Organic insecticides also can provide a humane deterrent to larger garden pests, such as squirrels, rabbits and groundhogs. (ehow.com)
Alcohol is harmful to many pests and also will help dissolve the solid ingredients, making the insecticide more effective. (ehow.com)
Agricultural crops are under constant assault by insect pests, making insecticides essential to reduce losses. (amnh.org)
It is possible to create effective, natural insecticides from these substances to protect crops that, unlike wild plants, may have lost their capability through cultivation to cope with pests. (amnh.org)
Insecticides often kill the natural enemies of rice pests more effectively than the pests themselves, and many supposed insect pests don't attack either the parts of the plant that affect grain production, or the grain itself. (scidev.net)
Chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl are insecticides to control insect pests on a range of crops. (foodsafetynews.com)
Contact insecticides, including horticultural oils and soaps, kill pests when directly sprayed onto them. (reference.com)
A dual-action insecticide for potatoes, Brigadier outranks the competition with its broad-spectrum, quick knockdown and long residual control of foliar insect pests. (prweb.com)
There are plenty of options concerning natural insecticides and pest deterrents, including plants and flowers pests find distasteful, diy insecticidal soap, herbs, tobacco and much more. (lifehack.org)
Farmers spray insecticides on the plants to get rid of these same pests, and it was thought that it had little significant effect on the spiders' behaviors. (theepochtimes.com)
Exposure to insecticide affected the spiders' ability to leap on prey and their interest in exploring new territory, both of which are crucial to their survival and to their role in keeping down pests. (theepochtimes.com)
Found in an array of pest products, cyfluthrin is a long-lasting insecticide that kills pests on contact or upon ingestion. (gardenguides.com)
To make a basic oil spray insecticide, mix 1 cup of vegetable oil with 1 tablespoon of soap (cover and shake thoroughly), and then when ready to apply, add 2 teaspoons of the oil spray mix with 1 quart of water, shake thoroughly, and spray directly on the surfaces of the plants which are being affected by the little pests. (treehugger.com)
The effort to eliminate the mosquitoes that carry Zika and other diseases is facing new challenges as the pests become more resistant to a thinning arsenal of insecticides. (wsj.com)
The Minor Crops project, which is being managed by a company called Market Access Solutionz, has launched one insecticide to control Kelly's citrus thrips and scale, and a second to control key pests in leafy vegetable seedlings. (radionz.co.nz)
With a quick onset of action, Inscalis ® insecticide quickly stops insect pests' feeding, reducing nutrient loss and vectoring of harmful viral/bacterial pathogens. (basf.com)
With the introduction of the neonicotinoid insecticide Provado (imidacloprid) in the late 1990s (and subsequently Confirm and Spintor), leafhopper and leafminer populations declined to the point where they are no longer important pests. (psu.edu)
The chemical appearing to cause the most toxicity was bifenthrin, a broad-spectrum insecticide used to kill insect pests around homes and businesses. (usgs.gov)

Contact insecticides can also be organic insecticides, i.e. organic chemical compounds, synthetically produced, and comprising the largest numbers of pesticides used today. (wikipedia.org)
With so many commercial options available today it's important to have a basic understanding of insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers before deciding which product is best for you. (ehow.com)
Insecticides, pesticides and chemical fertilizers can all play an important role in the well being of any garden or crop. (ehow.com)
As with any chemical product, use insecticides, pesticides and chemical fertilizers with caution around pets and children. (ehow.com)
The bill looks to stop the federal government from requiring "new and redundant regulations: on pesticides, among them the insecticides used to control mosquitoes. (msbusiness.com)
Chemical pesticides and insecticides leech into the ground and eventually make their way to waterways, resulting in environmental pollution. (lifehack.org)
Studies on chemical pesticides and insecticides have linked them to cancer, autism and other health issues. (lifehack.org)
Refrain from the use of chemical insecticides and pesticides whenever possible, and purchase produce from your local farmers market to avoid consuming food sprayed with these harmful products. (lifehack.org)
We concentrated on insecticides in this study because invertebrates are affected much more by these than by other groups of pesticides," explains Dr. Mira Kattwinkel of the UFZ. (redorbit.com)
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) gives EPA the authority to regulate the registration, distribution, sale and use of pesticides. (epa.gov)

Natural News) Despite the numerous debates and widespread outrage against neonicotinoids, research into how these popular insecticides affect environmental and public health is still relatively new. (naturalnews.com)
Natural News) A team of animal behavior biologists from Harvard University has tracked the exact way neonicotinoids, the world's most commonly used insecticide, affect the behavior of bees. (naturalnews.com)
Compounds from five different classes of insecticide-active ingredients-pyrethroids, phenylpyroles, pyrroles, neonicotinoids and macrocyclic lactones-were found to be toxic against all three mosquito species, Culex quinquefasciatus , Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Aedes taeniorhynchus . (usda.gov)
S. Fryday, K. Tiede, and J. Stein, "Scientific services to support EFSA systematic reviews: lot 5 systematic literature review on the neonicotinoids (namely active substances clothianidin, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid) and the risks to bees," EFSA Supporting Publication EN-756, 2015. (hindawi.com)
BRUSSELS (Reuters) - European Union countries backed a proposal on Friday to ban all use outdoors of insecticides known as neonicotinoids that studies have shown can harm bees. (reuters.com)
However, evidence is also growing that neonicotinoids - the world's most widely used insecticide - harm other species, such as songbirds. (euractiv.com)
On the basis of the chemical composition of the insecticides, the global insecticides market is broadly categorized in five different segments namely organophosphorus compounds, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, methyl carbamates, and others. (openpr.com)
Neonicotinoids, or neonics, are the most commonly used insecticide to fight the already elusive and resilient bed bugs. (cleanlink.com)

Are Agriculture's Most Popular Insecticides Killing Our Bees? (wnyc.org)
Translocation of neonicotinoid insecticides from coated seeds to seedling guttation drops: a novel way of intoxication for bees," Journal of Economic Entomology , vol. 102, no. 5, pp. 1808-1815, 2009. (hindawi.com)
UHPLC-DAD method for the determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in single bees and its relevance in honeybee colony loss investigations," Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry , vol. 405, no. 2-3, pp. 1007-1014, 2013. (hindawi.com)
What are some insecticides that kill ground bees? (reference.com)
According to Do-It-Yourself Pest Control, using an appropriate insecticide dust helps to control wood boring bees. (reference.com)
Despite the bad press they have been receiving lately due to possible impacts on bees, the neonic class of insecticides greatly changed our IPM programs, and generally for the better, as they replaced more toxic organophosphate compounds. (psu.edu)
No matter how you feel about Ontario's proposal to restrict use of neonicotinoid insecticides on corn and soybean crops, we can all agree: bees matter. (thestar.com)
A study at Purdue University found traces of neonicotinoid insecticides, used to protect corn and soybean plants, in dead Indiana Honey bees. (hobbyfarms.com)

Electric insecticides recorded the highest retail value sales in home insecticides in 2019, with spray/aerosol insecticides close behind. (euromonitor.com)
Spray/aerosol insecticides continued to hold the overwhelming majority of both volume and current value share in home insecticides and recorded the highest growth in 2019. (euromonitor.com)

Malathion , also called carbophos, mercaptothion, and maldison , broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide and acaricide (used to kill ticks and mites ). (britannica.com)
Phenylpyrazole insecticides are a class of chemically-related broad-spectrum insecticides. (wikipedia.org)
Brigadier is now one of the only broad-spectrum insecticide products labeled for both at-plant and foliar use in potatoes. (prweb.com)
For a new study, researchers looked at changes in the behavior of individual bronze jumping spiders both before and after exposure to Phosmet, a widely used broad-spectrum insecticide. (theepochtimes.com)

To help manage resistance, some net products incorporate piperonyl butoxide (PBO) along with a pyrethroid insecticide, but there is not yet evidence that this significantly improves ITN effectiveness in areas with high levels of pyrethroid resistance, and WHO currently does not consider nets that incorporate PBO to be tools for managing pyrethroid resistance. (cdc.gov)
When Adelman's team blasted both sets of bedbugs with two different pyrethroid insecticides-one called beta-cyfluthrin and another deltamethrin-they found that the Richmond bugs could withstand 111 times the dose of the beta-cyfluthrin insecticide compared with the Fort Dix bugs, and a whopping 5200 times the dose of deltamethrin. (popularmechanics.com)
In a new paper published in the Journal of Economic Entomology , scientists from the University of Sydney and NSW Health Pathology describe how bed bugs are able to resist pyrethroid insecticides via metabolic detoxification, the process by which bed bugs break down insecticides. (news-medical.net)
This allowed us to study levels of resistance to particular insecticides and in doing so, we have been able to find the first documented resistance to pyrethroid/DDT insecticides in East Africa. (redorbit.com)
In Africa, where malaria burden is highest, bednets treated with pyrethroid insecticide were highly effective in preventing mosquito bites and reducing transmission, and essential to achieving unprecedented reductions in malaria until 2015 (ref. 1 ). (nature.com)
The same neonics were applied to a bed bug colony that had not had exposure to insecticide for 30 years, as well as to a pyrethroid-resistant population from New Jersey that had not been exposed to neonics since 2008. (cleanlink.com)

DUBLIN , Aug. 24, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- The 'Insecticides - Global Market Trajectory & Analytics' report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. (prnewswire.com)
Amid the COVID-19 crisis, the global market for Insecticides estimated at US$3 Billion in the year 2020, is projected to reach a revised size of US$3.8 Billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 3.3% over the analysis period 2020-2027. (prnewswire.com)
The Insecticides market in the U.S. is estimated at US$818.9 Million in the year 2020. (prnewswire.com)
Amid the COVID-19 crisis, the global market for Insecticides estimated at US$3 Billion in the year 2020, is projected to reach a revised size of US$3. (yahoo.com)

Neonicotinoid insecticide toxicology: Mechanisms of selective action. (springer.com)
Acute poisoning with the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in n-methyl pyrrolidone. (springer.com)
UK researchers used data spanning 18 years and 62 wild bee populations to show that neonicotinoid insecticide use has long-term effects on populations. (wtae.com)

These metabolites are not considered toxic, but indicate an exposure to organophosphate insecticides. (cdc.gov)
But some bedbugs survived, developing resistance to it, and later, organophosphate insecticides such as malathion. (popularmechanics.com)
Suicide and exposure to organophosphate insecticides: Cause or effect? (ilo.org)

You can make your own organic insecticides if you want to avoid the chemicals and cost of store-bought products. (ehow.com)

The influence of nicotinic receptor subunit composition upon agonist, alpha-bungarotoxin and insecticide (imidacloprid) binding affinity. (springer.com)
Fatal intoxication with imidacloprid insecticide. (springer.com)
Deglise P, Grunewald B, Gauthier M. The insecticide imidacloprid is a partial agonist of the nicotinic receptor of honeybee Kenyon cells. (springer.com)
Strip-based immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in agricultural products," Talanta , vol. 101, pp. 85-90, 2012. (hindawi.com)
General-use insecticide imidacloprid is an effective aphid control insecticide for apple trees. (gardenguides.com)

Rather than spraying chemicals on your vegetable and flower gardens, use assorted natural insecticides to keep unwanted critters out. (lifehack.org)

Analgesic and toxic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides in mice. (springer.com)
Mode of action can be important in understanding whether an insecticide will be toxic to unrelated species, such as fish, birds and mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Transgenic crops that act as insecticides began in 1996 with a genetically modified potato that produced the Cry protein , derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis , which is toxic to beetle larvae such as the Colorado potato beetle . (wikipedia.org)
Insecticides with lower toxic effects are also available. (reference.com)
2,500 sites in 73 countries) that evaluates, for the first time to our knowledge on a global scale, the exposure of surface waters to particularly toxic agricultural insecticides. (pnas.org)
Insecticides that are sprayed in orchards and fields across North America may be more toxic to spiders than scientists previously believed. (theepochtimes.com)
Rivers in England are contaminated with powerful insecticides, new testing has revealed, increasing concerns over the impact of the toxic chemicals on fish and birds. (euractiv.com)
The Environmental Protection Authority has banned the use of some highly toxic insecticides and will phase out others used for plant and crop protection here. (radionz.co.nz)
The toxic properties of insecticides are hazardous for the small children and domestic pets and hence proper handling and secure operating methods are required which is hindering the overall popularity of insecticides for domestic use. (openpr.com)
Carbaryl is a highly toxic, general-use insecticide common for caterpillar and other insect control. (ehow.co.uk)

I tested my insecticides, each at three concentrations, on populations of greater wax moth larvae ( Galleria mellonella ), or what I called the 'worms. (amnh.org)
Adelman and company found that the bugs possessed one of the two mutations in genes coding for their sodium channels that researchers had previously seen in populations of New York bedbugs that were also resistant to this class of insecticide. (popularmechanics.com)
A new technique pioneered at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) is improving the detection and monitoring of insecticide resistance in field populations of an important malaria-carrying mosquito. (redorbit.com)
Microbial insecticides are a form of pesticide that work by infecting selected insect populations with bacteria, viruses, amoebas, or fungi . (wisegeek.com)
Certain bugs might develop resistance to the bacteria or viruses used to kill them, or the insecticides might mutate and affect other populations. (wisegeek.com)
Another, far less time-intensive method of knocking back insect populations is by applying natural or homemade insecticides, which can reduce their numbers or eliminate them all together. (treehugger.com)
To control insect populations on tomato plants, identify the pest and apply appropriate and safe insecticides. (gardenguides.com)
Ethanolic extract of papaya leaf could be formulated as a potent natural insecticide to control populations of German cockroach. (greenmedinfo.com)
The detection and monitoring of the resistances developed by natural mosquito populations will be essential to enabling their management in the field for as long as there are no alternatives to the use of insecticides. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

By the end of this year (2017) the WHO is expected to release its latest evaluation of aircraft disinsection insecticides currently in use. (thestar.com)

Natural dry insecticides prevent bugs from devouring plants and also work as fungicides. (ehow.com)
Since then its product range has expanded to include Insecticides, Herbicides, Weedecides, and Fungicides. (wikipedia.org)
A GP-Product usually includes one or more insecticides and fungicides. (psu.edu)
If you plan to apply herbicides underneath or around your fruit plants, you will need to have two sprayer--one for the application of herbicides and one for fungicides, insecticides, or foliar nutrients. (psu.edu)

Certain organophosphorus insecticides (e.g., malathion, naled) are also used for mosquito control in the United States. (cdc.gov)
The active ingredients of the insecticides detected included the chemicals bifenthrin, fipronil, malathion, breakdown products of DDT, and others. (usgs.gov)

These chemicals account for a large share of all insecticides used in the United States, including those used on food crops. (cdc.gov)
People are exposed to organophosphorus insecticides by eating foods treated with these chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Various insecticides contain these chemicals. (medlineplus.gov)
Phenylpyrazole insecticides were developed in response to increasing pesticide resistance to other chemicals. (wikipedia.org)
Hindustan Insecticides Limited (HIL) is a Government of India enterprise under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. (wikipedia.org)
To understand which enzyme type might be responsible for resistance to commonly used insecticides, chemicals called synergists can be used. (news-medical.net)
Some chemicals found in insecticides, such as organophosphates, were used as nerve agents during World War II, though these and similar chemicals have been removed from the market due to health issues with children and adults. (lifehack.org)
Whilst medical associations have been raising alarms to increase public awareness about the potential harms of certain ingredients present in insecticides, both consumers and manufacturers have become increasingly concerned with the amount of chemicals we absorb in our daily lives. (marketpublishers.com)

Global Insecticides Market to Reach $3. (yahoo.com)

Die-offs of honeybees critical for pollinating food crops -- part of so-called colony collapse disorder -- is linked to an insecticide, a U.S. journal reports. (upi.com)
Bacterial insecticides may be used to control certain types of caterpillars that eat crops. (wisegeek.com)
WASHINGTON (CN) - The EPA has determined insecticides that contain the unregistered ingredient sulfoxaflor are safe enough to use temporarily to combat a bug that wrecks cotton crops in Southern states. (courthousenews.com)
If your crops do indeed require an insecticide, the two homemade sprays I recommend are plain water and diluted soap. (motherearthnews.com)

In some parts of Europe where farmers use the technology to plant seeds coated with so-called neonicotinoid insecticides, widespread deaths of honeybees have been reported since the introduction of the technique in the late 1990s, they said. (upi.com)
Today, scientists of the Institute of Bee Health of the University of Bern and the honeybee research association COLOSS have published an article in the peer-reviewed journal Scientific Reports that shows a synergistic time-lag interaction between the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and neonicotinoid insecticides reducing survival of winter honeybees, Apis mellifera. (idw-online.de)
Two stressors having a clear negative impact on the health of honeybees are insecticides and the ubiquitous ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. (idw-online.de)

Fluorescence emission spectra of mitochondrial membrane proteins in the absence of insecticide (red line) and in presence of increasing concentrations of insecticides (0-100 µM) (from red line onwards), methyl-parathion (a), carbofuran (b), endosulfan (c) and fenvalarate (d). (e) Binding of methyl-parathion (♦), carbofuran (▲) and endosulfan (■) with the membrane proteins of intact mitochondria isolated from H. armigera as assessed by tryptophan fluorescence quenching. (slideshare.net)
Scientists said they suspected the bee die-offs might be due to particles of the insecticide made airborne by the pneumatic drilling machines used for planting that forcefully suck seeds in and expel a burst of air containing high concentrations of particles of the insecticide coating. (upi.com)
Our data show, for the first time to our knowledge at the global scale, that more than 50% of detected insecticide concentrations ( n = 11,300) exceed regulatory threshold levels. (pnas.org)
i.e., quantified insecticide concentrations) exceed their RTLs and how risks depend on insecticide development over time and stringency of environmental regulation. (pnas.org)
A new study found high concentrations of commonly used insecticides in streams running through the highly urbanized portion of Clackamas County. (usgs.gov)
PORTLAND, Ore. - A new study by the U.S. Geological Survey, published today in the Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, found high concentrations of commonly used insecticides in streams running through the highly urbanized portion of Clackamas County. (usgs.gov)

SC Johnson de Centroamerica SA is continuously investing in marketing and communication, primarily for its spray/aerosol and electric home insecticides. (euromonitor.com)

Most home uses of organophosphorus insecticides have been phased out in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Once they enter the body, about 75% of the organophosphorus insecticides in use in the U.S. are converted to breakdown products called dialkyl phosphate metabolites. (cdc.gov)
A sudden exposure to large amounts of organophosphorus insecticides may lead to health problems such as nausea, vomiting, irregular or slow heartbeat, difficulty breathing or tightness in the chest, salivation, weakness, paralysis, and seizures. (cdc.gov)
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA 63 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: A GENERAL INTRODUCTION This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization. (inchem.org)

Systemic insecticides become incorporated and distributed systemically throughout the whole plant. (wikipedia.org)
Systemic insecticides produced by transgenic plants are called plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs). (wikipedia.org)

To figure out bedbugs' defenses, Adelman and colleagues started by gathering a sample of bedbugs from Richmond, Va. The Richmond bugs had demonstrated strong resistance to a class of insecticides known as pyrethroids-the agents of choice for exterminators. (popularmechanics.com)

Several companies have developed long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) that maintain effective levels of insecticide for at least 3 years, even after repeated washing. (cdc.gov)
Researchers at LSTM, led by Dr Charles Wondji have developed a new technique which encourages the female Anopheles funestus mosquitoes to lay eggs which are then reared into adult mosquitoes to provide sufficient numbers to determine levels of insecticide resistance and to characterize the underlying mechanisms. (redorbit.com)

But the bloodsucking parasites, which were largely eradicated by the mid-20th century, have roared back in all 50 states, and the bugs' evolving resistance to insecticides is part of the reason for their resurgence. (popularmechanics.com)
Scientists from the CNRS, IRD, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Joseph Fourier in Grenoble and Institut Pasteur in French Guiana have identified new genetic markers for mosquito resistance to insecticides, which could improve its detection in the field. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

The An.funestus mosquito is difficult to collect and rear from the field and hence published studies of insecticide resistance in this species are limited. (redorbit.com)
A protein required for development of mosquito eggs may provide a mosquito-selective target for insecticide development, according to a new study publishing on January 8 in the open-access journal PLOS Biology , by Jun Isoe of the University of Arizona and colleagues. (eurekalert.org)
Indeed, rather than sequencing the entire genome of the mosquito -- a costly and laborious process -- the scientists used bioinformatic techniques to target more than 760 genes potentially involved in insecticide resistance. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
This work also allowed the scientists to initiate a consortium involving more than 40 countries and 10 institutions, with a view to compiling the first global map of mosquito resistance mechanisms to insecticides. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Here, we show that the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae is targeted and killed by small insecticidal net barriers positioned above a standard bednet in a spatial region of high mosquito activity but zero contact with sleepers, opening the way for deploying many more insecticides on bednets than is currently possible. (nature.com)

This question inspired my science project theme: Can insecticides be created out of natural substances? (amnh.org)
Stronger insecticides, which a commercial greenhouse might use or someone might store in their garage, contain many dangerous substances. (medlineplus.gov)
Insecticides, in particular, are highly biologically active substances that can threaten the ecological integrity of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. (pnas.org)

SEOUL, South Korea, Aug. 17 (UPI) -- South Korea on Thursday began to destroy all eggs contaminated with harmful insecticides in a move to quell public anxiety about food safety. (upi.com)
The government has so far inspected 876 out of the 1,239 registered farms across the country and imposed a temporary ban on the sale of eggs at local retailers and supermarkets to ensure eggs contaminated with the harmful insecticides do not reach consumers. (upi.com)
These two types of enzymes change the chemical composition of insecticides so that they're less harmful to the insect. (news-medical.net)

While consumption in 2018 was relatively weak, manufacturers and retailers continued to strongly promote the category, primarily spray/aerosol insecticides, where free products are traditionally offered when one is purchased. (reportlinker.com)

I hypothesized that green chili would be the most effective insecticide, followed by garlic and Eastern hemlock based on the intensity of their smell and taste. (amnh.org)
I surmised the Eastern hemlock might be least effective insecticide because it has not been tested before and has a mild aroma. (amnh.org)

Residual insecticides leave a film on the surface of the plant onto which they are applied. (reference.com)

The new study shows for the first time that inducing kidney failure -- or, more correctly, Malpighian tubule failure -- in mosquitoes can circumvent resistance to conventional insecticides. (eurekalert.org)

Synergists can inhibit or lower the levels of detoxifying enzymes, thereby increasing the toxicity of the insecticide. (news-medical.net)

There are many reasons why bed bugs have made a comeback in recent decades, and their resistance to commonly used insecticides is one of the most widely accepted explanations. (news-medical.net)
Similarly, there is evidence for negative impact of widely used neonicotinoid insecticides. (idw-online.de)

Synthetic insecticides such as organophosphates are important, effective tools in modern crop management. (amnh.org)
Common insecticides used around resorts, homes, and in public and rural areas to fight Zika are the organophosphates Dichlorvos and Naled, which kill mosquitoes on contact and break down quickly. (thestar.com)

The only other format with visible sales in Uzbekistan is insecticide baits. (euromonitor.com)

Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) are a form of personal protection that has been shown to reduce malaria illness, severe disease, and death due to malaria in endemic regions. (cdc.gov)
Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) are a major intervention for malaria control. (cdc.gov)
The ability of mosquitoes to resist insecticides represents a serious threat to the prevention of diseases such as malaria, dengue and Chikungunya. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

Bedbugs are resurgent across the country, and part of the reason is that they have grown increasingly resistant to the most common insecticides that exterminators use against them. (popularmechanics.com)
What we set out to do was to determine the biological processes by which bed bugs were becoming resistant to insecticides,' said David Lilly, a PhD candidate at the University of Sydney and lead author on the study. (news-medical.net)
LEUVEN, Belgium, Nov. 29 (UPI) -- Venom from sea anemones could yield a new generation of environmentally friendly insecticides to which bugs would not become resistant, European scientists say. (cbd.int)
They were also able to demonstrate that mutations affecting these enzymes could increase the biodegradation of insecticides in resistant mosquitoes. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

Some insecticides in this category include neem oil and Safer soap. (reference.com)
To use neem oil as an insecticide, either follow the instructions on the bottle, or start out with a basic mixture of 2 teaspoons neem oil and 1 teaspoon of mild liquid soap shaken thoroughly with 1 quart of water, and then sprayed on the affected plant foilage. (treehugger.com)

Health workers have a thinning arsenal of insecticides capable of killing mosquitoes that carry Zika and similar viruses as the Southern Hemisphere's summer begins and as outbreaks persist in other areas. (wsj.com)
Controlling mosquitoes that carry human diseases is a global health challenge as their ability to resist insecticides now threatens efforts to prevent epidemics. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

Insecticides can be chemical or organic in composition. (ehow.com)
Insecticide is a chemical that kills bugs. (medlineplus.gov)
The chemical structures of these insecticides are characterized by a central pyrazole ring with a phenyl group attached to one of the nitrogen atoms of the pyrazole. (wikipedia.org)
Instead, insecticides derived from natural sources and chemical compounds are commonly used and their applications and effect on people and environments are continually studied and reviewed by health, environment and disease monitoring organizations, including Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PRMA). (thestar.com)
The findings of this research are particularly important, as metabolic resistance is often known to confer 'cross resistance,' whereby resistance to one chemical group can result in resistance to a whole range of different insecticides, which limits what we can use now and even in the future for controlling bed bugs,' he said. (news-medical.net)
Chemical insecticide control is most effective for reducing caterpillar larvae before maturation, according to the University of Kentucky. (ehow.co.uk)

Due to the present evidence for interactions between insecticides and mites, the authors stress the importance of developing sustainable agro-ecosystem management and varroa-management schemes. (idw-online.de)
Reduced usage of insecticides and sustainable solutions for V. destructor mites in agriculture and beekeeping are urgently required', adds Dr. Lars Straub, first author and Post-Doc at the Institute of Bee Health. (idw-online.de)
Since scorpions are members of the arachnid family, most insecticides that work on spiders, ticks, and mites also work on scorpions. (reference.com)

The trend in 2016 was in favour of repellents instead of insecticides, which had a 70% value share in 2016. (bharatbook.com)
Home insecticides grew by 2% to reach SEK87 million in 2016. (bharatbook.com)
Home insecticides in Japan recorded a 1% increase in current value terms to reach sales of JPY127.9 billion in 2016, a considerable improvement on the 4% current value decline registered in the category in 2015. (bharatbook.com)
Home insecticides saw only modest sales growth in 2016 as current value sales rose by 3%, a major slowdown from the 9% current value growth recorded in the category in 2015. (bharatbook.com)
In 2016 there was an important change in regulation which involves changes to the home insecticides market. (bharatbook.com)

Though this sounds potentially dangerous, many argue that it is actually quite safe, since the insecticide is specific to the species being targeted. (wisegeek.com)
Several viral microbial insecticides work to first sicken and kill some insect species . (wisegeek.com)
For their study the scientists evaluated for the European Union for example data on the amount of insecticides used, the plant species cultivated and land use and visualized the results in maps. (redorbit.com)

Researchers from the University of Padua in Italy writing in the journal Environmental Science & Technology say the springtime die-offs have been linked to technology used to plant corn coated with insecticides. (upi.com)
The UFZ researchers were able to establish a link between the use of insecticides and temperature. (redorbit.com)
Insecticides commonly used in households may be associated with behavior problems in children, according to a new study by researchers in Quebec. (scientificamerican.com)
Bed bugs produce "detoxifying enzymes" to counter exposure to insecticides, and the researchers found that the New Jersey bed bugs had higher levels of the enzymes than did the initial colony of bed bugs. (cleanlink.com)

Even in the control villages, where no farmers conducted the experiments, insecticide use dropped from 80 per cent to 55 per cent - much of this because of casual contact with participating farmers. (scidev.net)
Imidan, Sevin, New Spectracide, Methoxychlor and Thiodan are insecticides that can be used to control the potato beetle. (reference.com)
The Ministry of Health relies heavily on insecticide treated nets and spraying to control mosquitoes. (redorbit.com)
The effectiveness of those control programs depends on the ability to detect and monitor insecticide resistance. (redorbit.com)
A project funded by the Ministry for Primary Industries has resulted in more sustainable insecticides hitting the market, to control two major headaches for growers. (radionz.co.nz)
To control ants indoors, follow ant trails to find the nest and spray it directly with an insecticide if possible. (reference.com)
Barrier bednets that overcome insecticide resistance are feasible using existing insecticides and production technology, and early implementation of affordable vector control tools is a realistic prospect. (nature.com)
Home insecticides is having to compete against the increasing number of pest control companies that have appeared in the country. (euromonitor.com)

E. Watanabe, "Review on current analytical methods with chromatographic and nonchromatographic techniques for new generation insecticide neonicotinoid insecticides," in Advances in Integrated Pest Management , F. Perveen, Ed., pp. 481-510, InTech, 2012. (hindawi.com)
The choice of insecticide, if one is needed, depends on confirming the damage was indeed caused by a pest, and then identifying the pestilent perpetrator. (motherearthnews.com)

There are only estimates for 12 coastal states of the USA, and these expect there will be a general increase in the use of insecticides of up to 28 per cent between 2000 and 2100. (redorbit.com)
At least five children have been taken to Chicago area hospitals since January 2000 because of the insecticide--the most recent case coming within the past month--according to the Illinois Poison Center. (chicagotribune.com)

Scorpions can be killed on contact with either Cy-Kick CS, Invader aerosol or CB 80, fogging Insecticide with pyrethrum. (reference.com)

Insecticides are distinct from non-insecticidal repellents , which repel but do not kill. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, the Croatian marketplace offers a wide range of personal repellents, with sales exceeding those of home insecticides and not included in this research. (reportlinker.com)

Insecticides (India) Ltd:Declared interim dividend of 2.00 Indian rupees per share (on the face value of 10 Indian rupees each) of the company for the financial year 2015-16. (reuters.com)
You can view full text of the Director's Report for Insecticides (India) Ltd. (indiatimes.com)
Moreover with growing health concern coupled with increasing exports of food grains from developing countries such as India and China, the market for insecticides is expected to witness a double digit growth in Asia Pacific. (openpr.com)

Despite widespread insecticide application to croplands worldwide, no comprehensive field data-based evaluation of their risk to global surface waters exists. (pnas.org)

Long-lasting insecticide-treated net s (LLINs), in which insecticide forms a coating around the net's fibres or is incorporated into the fibres, can be used for at least three years before re-treatment is required. (britannica.com)

The technique is expected to replace many other insecticides, which are losing effectiveness due to the spread of pesticide resistance . (wikipedia.org)
Analysis demonstrated that the presence of both PBO and EN16/5-1 greatly improved the effectiveness of the insecticide for many bed bug strains. (news-medical.net)

These findings represent a major step forward in our understanding of the genetic mechanisms developed by mosquitoes to adapt to insecticides, and provide new opportunities to detect them at an early stage (for example, using molecular tests). (infectioncontroltoday.com)