Infertility. Medical search

Inability to reproduce after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Reproductive sterility is permanent infertility.

The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.

Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.

Clinical and laboratory techniques used to enhance fertility in humans and animals.

Diseases involving the FALLOPIAN TUBES including neoplasms (FALLOPIAN TUBE NEOPLASMS); SALPINGITIS; tubo-ovarian abscess; and blockage.

Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.

A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A condition of suboptimal concentration of SPERMATOZOA in the ejaculated SEMEN to ensure successful FERTILIZATION of an OVUM. In humans, oligospermia is defined as a sperm count below 20 million per milliliter semen.

The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.

A count of SPERM in the ejaculum, expressed as number per milliliter.

Movement characteristics of SPERMATOZOA in a fresh specimen. It is measured as the percentage of sperms that are moving, and as the percentage of sperms with productive flagellar motion such as rapid, linear, and forward progression.

A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.

Radiography of the uterus and fallopian tubes after the injection of a contrast medium.

A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the SPERMATIC CORD with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume.

The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains SPERMATOZOA and their nutrient plasma.

The quality of SEMEN, an indicator of male fertility, can be determined by semen volume, pH, sperm concentration (SPERM COUNT), total sperm number, sperm viability, sperm vigor (SPERM MOTILITY), normal sperm morphology, ACROSOME integrity, and the concentration of WHITE BLOOD CELLS.

Methods pertaining to the generation of new individuals, including techniques used in selective BREEDING, cloning (CLONING, ORGANISM), and assisted reproduction (REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, ASSISTED).

The ratio of the number of conceptions (CONCEPTION) including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; and fetal losses, to the mean number of females of reproductive age in a population during a set time period.

A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that ENCLOMIPHENE and ZUCLOMIPHENE are the (E) and (Z) isomers of Clomiphene respectively.

The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.

Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.

A condition in which the percentage of progressively motile sperm is abnormally low. In men, it is defined as

An assisted fertilization technique consisting of the microinjection of a single viable sperm into an extracted ovum. It is used principally to overcome low sperm count, low sperm motility, inability of sperm to penetrate the egg, or other conditions related to male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE).

Techniques for the artifical induction of ovulation, the rupture of the follicle and release of the ovum.

A medical-surgical specialty concerned with the morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and pathology of reproduction in man and other animals, and on the biological, medical, and veterinary problems of fertility and lactation. It includes ovulation induction, diagnosis of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss, and assisted reproductive technologies such as embryo transfer, in vitro fertilization, and intrafallopian transfer of zygotes. (From Infertility and Reproductive Medicine Clinics of North America, Foreword 1990; Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Notice to Contributors, Jan 1979)

The human male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans.

Compounds which increase the capacity to conceive in females.

Artificial introduction of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.

Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

The transfer of mammalian embryos from an in vivo or in vitro environment to a suitable host to improve pregnancy or gestational outcome in human or animal. In human fertility treatment programs, preimplantation embryos ranging from the 4-cell stage to the blastocyst stage are transferred to the uterine cavity between 3-5 days after FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

Human artificial insemination in which the husband's semen is used.

A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

Abnormal number or structure of the SEX CHROMOSOMES. Some sex chromosome aberrations are associated with SEX CHROMOSOME DISORDERS and SEX CHROMOSOME DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT.

Inflammation of a TESTIS. It has many features of EPIDIDYMITIS, such as swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS and then the TESTIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.

The fusion of a spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) with an OVUM thus resulting in the formation of a ZYGOTE.

Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.

Endometrial implantation of EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN at the BLASTOCYST stage.

A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.

Proteins found in SEMEN. Major seminal plasma proteins are secretory proteins from the male sex accessory glands, such as the SEMINAL VESICLES and the PROSTATE. They include the seminal vesicle-specific antigen, an ejaculate clotting protein; and the PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN, a protease and an esterase.

Congenital conditions of atypical sexual development associated with abnormal sex chromosome constitutions including MONOSOMY; TRISOMY; and MOSAICISM.

The male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans and in some other male-heterogametic species in which the homologue of the X chromosome has been retained.

Methods for assessing the patency of the fallopian tubes.

A variation from the normal set of chromosomes characteristic of a species.

Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections.

A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.

A scientific or medical discipline concerning the study of male reproductive biology, diseases of the male genital organs, and male infertility. Major areas of interest include ENDOCRINOLOGY; SPERMATOGENESIS; semen analysis; FERTILIZATION; CONTRACEPTION; and CRYOPRESERVATION.

Pathological processes of the TESTIS.

The mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the MENSTRUAL CYCLE and PREGNANCY. The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes that characterize MENSTRUATION. After successful FERTILIZATION, it serves to sustain the developing embryo.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.

Drugs used to increase fertility or to treat infertility.

Pathological processes of the OVARY.

The convoluted cordlike structure attached to the posterior of the TESTIS. Epididymis consists of the head (caput), the body (corpus), and the tail (cauda). A network of ducts leaving the testis joins into a common epididymal tubule proper which provides the transport, storage, and maturation of SPERMATOZOA.

Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.

The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.

Type species of CHLAMYDIA causing a variety of ocular and urogenital diseases.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

The condition of carrying two or more FETUSES simultaneously.

Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.

The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.

MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).

Centers for acquiring and storing semen.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the uterus.

The number of births in a given population per year or other unit of time.

Contraceptive methods based on immunological processes and techniques, such as the use of CONTRACEPTIVE VACCINES.

Pathological processes consisting of the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound.

Supporting cells projecting inward from the basement membrane of SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN and hormones such as ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. The tight junctions of Sertoli cells with the SPERMATOGONIA and SPERMATOCYTES provide a BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER.

Hormones that stimulate gonadal functions such as GAMETOGENESIS and sex steroid hormone production in the OVARY and the TESTIS. Major gonadotropins are glycoproteins produced primarily by the adenohypophysis (GONADOTROPINS, PITUITARY) and the placenta (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN). In some species, pituitary PROLACTIN and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN exert some luteotropic activities.

The state of estrangement individuals feel in cultural settings that they view as foreign, unpredictable, or unacceptable.

The event that a FETUS is born alive with heartbeats or RESPIRATION regardless of GESTATIONAL AGE. Such liveborn is called a newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN).

Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.

Human behavior or decision related to REPRODUCTION.

A form of male HYPOGONADISM, characterized by the presence of an extra X CHROMOSOME, small TESTES, seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated levels of GONADOTROPINS, low serum TESTOSTERONE, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE). Patients tend to have long legs and a slim, tall stature. GYNECOMASTIA is present in many of the patients. The classic form has the karyotype 47,XXY. Several karyotype variants include 48,XXYY; 48,XXXY; 49,XXXXY, and mosaic patterns ( 46,XY/47,XXY; 47,XXY/48,XXXY, etc.).

The emission of SEMEN to the exterior, resulting from the contraction of muscles surrounding the male internal urogenital ducts.

Male germ cells derived from the haploid secondary SPERMATOCYTES. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to SPERMATOZOA.

Surgical anastomosis or fistulization of the spermatic ducts to restore fertility in a previously vasectomized male.

The convoluted tubules in the TESTIS where sperm are produced (SPERMATOGENESIS) and conveyed to the RETE TESTIS. Spermatogenic tubules are composed of developing germ cells and the supporting SERTOLI CELLS.

Interactive processes between the oocyte (OVUM) and the sperm (SPERMATOZOA) including sperm adhesion, ACROSOME REACTION, sperm penetration of the ZONA PELLUCIDA, and events leading to FERTILIZATION.

Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).

Variations of menstruation which may be indicative of disease.

A developmental defect in which a TESTIS or both TESTES failed to descend from high in the ABDOMEN to the bottom of the SCROTUM. Testicular descent is essential to normal SPERMATOGENESIS which requires temperature lower than the BODY TEMPERATURE. Cryptorchidism can be subclassified by the location of the maldescended testis.

Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations.

The posterior filiform portion of the spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) that provides sperm motility.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

A procedure in which a laparoscope (LAPAROSCOPES) is inserted through a small incision near the navel to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. If appropriate, biopsy or surgery can be performed during laparoscopy.

Transfer of preovulatory oocytes from donor to a suitable host. Oocytes are collected, fertilized in vitro, and transferred to a host that can be human or animal.

Time interval, or number of non-contraceptive menstrual cycles that it takes for a couple to conceive.

The islands of the central and South Pacific, including Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, and traditionally Australasia. (Random House Dictionary, 2d ed)

A type of male infertility in which no germ cells are visible in any of the biopsied SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES (type I) or in which germ cells are present in a minority of tubules (type II). Clinical features include AZOOSPERMIA, normal VIRILIZATION, and normal chromosomal complement.

Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of conditions related to pregnancy, labor, and the puerperium and of diseases of the female genitalia. It includes also demonstration of genital and pregnancy physiology.

Pathological processes of the OVARIES or the TESTES.

Health care services related to human REPRODUCTION and diseases of the reproductive system. Services are provided to both sexes and usually by physicians in the medical or the surgical specialties such as REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE; ANDROLOGY; GYNECOLOGY; OBSTETRICS; and PERINATOLOGY.

Procedures to obtain viable OOCYTES from the host. Oocytes most often are collected by needle aspiration from OVARIAN FOLLICLES before OVULATION.

The social institution involving legal and/or religious sanction whereby individuals are joined together.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and the LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. The alpha subunit is common in the three human pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Mystical, religious, or spiritual practices performed for health benefit.

Human artificial insemination in which the semen used is that of a man other than the woman's husband.

A tough transparent membrane surrounding the OVUM. It is penetrated by the sperm during FERTILIZATION.

Inflammation of the uterine salpinx, the trumpet-shaped FALLOPIAN TUBES, usually caused by ascending infections of organisms from the lower reproductive tract. Salpingitis can lead to tubal scarring, hydrosalpinx, tubal occlusion, INFERTILITY, and ectopic pregnancy (PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC)

The deposit of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A technique that came into use in the mid-1980's for assisted conception in infertile women with normal fallopian tubes. The protocol consists of hormonal stimulation of the ovaries, followed by laparoscopic follicular aspiration of oocytes, and then the transfer of sperm and oocytes by catheterization into the fallopian tubes.

Procedures to obtain viable sperm from the male reproductive tract, including the TESTES, the EPIDIDYMIS, or the VAS DEFERENS.

An OOCYTE-containing structure in the cortex of the OVARY. The oocyte is enclosed by a layer of GRANULOSA CELLS providing a nourishing microenvironment (FOLLICULAR FLUID). The number and size of follicles vary depending on the age and reproductive state of the female. The growing follicles are divided into five stages: primary, secondary, tertiary, Graafian, and atretic. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on the presence of GONADOTROPINS.

A group of simple proteins that yield basic amino acids on hydrolysis and that occur combined with nucleic acid in the sperm of fish. Protamines contain very few kinds of amino acids. Protamine sulfate combines with heparin to form a stable inactive complex; it is used to neutralize the anticoagulant action of heparin in the treatment of heparin overdose. (From Merck Index, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p692)

Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal sex chromosome constitution (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS), in which there is extra or missing sex chromosome material (either a whole chromosome or a chromosome segment).

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.

A common inhabitant of the vagina and cervix and a potential human pathogen, causing infections of the male and female reproductive tracts. It has also been associated with respiratory disease and pharyngitis. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The maturing process of SPERMATOZOA after leaving the testicular SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. Maturation in SPERM MOTILITY and FERTILITY takes place in the EPIDIDYMIS as the sperm migrate from caput epididymis to cauda epididymis.

A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (>96%) occur in the FALLOPIAN TUBES, known as TUBAL PREGNANCY. They can be in other locations, such as UTERINE CERVIX; OVARY; and abdominal cavity (PREGNANCY, ABDOMINAL).

A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA, east of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, west of TANZANIA. Its capital is Kigali. It was formerly part of the Belgian trust territory of Ruanda-Urund.

The period from onset of one menstrual bleeding (MENSTRUATION) to the next in an ovulating woman or female primate. The menstrual cycle is regulated by endocrine interactions of the HYPOTHALAMUS; the PITUITARY GLAND; the ovaries; and the genital tract. The menstrual cycle is divided by OVULATION into two phases. Based on the endocrine status of the OVARY, there is a FOLLICULAR PHASE and a LUTEAL PHASE. Based on the response in the ENDOMETRIUM, the menstrual cycle is divided into a proliferative and a secretory phase.

Occurrence or induction of release of more ova than are normally released at the same time in a given species. The term applies to both animals and humans.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.

Voluntary acceptance of a child of other parents to be as one's own child, usually with legal confirmation.

Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).

Paired ducts in the human male through which semen is ejaculated into the urethra.

The anterior portion of the spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) that contains mainly the nucleus with highly compact CHROMATIN material.

A method of providing future reproductive opportunities before a medical treatment with known risk of loss of fertility. Typically reproductive organs or tissues (e.g., sperm, egg, embryos and ovarian or testicular tissues) are cryopreserved for future use before the medical treatment (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation) begins.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Women who allow themselves to be impregnated with the understanding that the offspring are to be given over to the parents who have commissioned the surrogate.

Surgical removal of the ductus deferens, or a portion of it. It is done in association with prostatectomy, or to induce infertility. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Euploid male germ cells of an early stage of SPERMATOGENESIS, derived from prespermatogonia. With the onset of puberty, spermatogonia at the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule proliferate by mitotic then meiotic divisions and give rise to the haploid SPERMATOCYTES.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.

A benign neoplasm of muscular tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.

Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in males. Use for male contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.

The cap-like structure covering the anterior portion of SPERM HEAD. Acrosome, derived from LYSOSOMES, is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the required hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes necessary for sperm penetration of the egg in FERTILIZATION.

Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).

Infections of the genital tract in females or males. They can be caused by endogenous, iatrogenic, or sexually transmitted organisms.

The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during GAMETOGENESIS.

Prevention of CONCEPTION by blocking fertility temporarily, or permanently (STERILIZATION, REPRODUCTIVE). Common means of reversible contraception include NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING METHODS; CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS; or CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES.

A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.

Absence of menstruation.

Male germ cells derived from SPERMATOGONIA. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo MEIOSIS and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to SPERMATIDS.

Abnormally infrequent menstruation.

Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.

Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.

Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.

The geographical area of Africa comprising CAMEROON; CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC; CHAD; CONGO; EQUATORIAL GUINEA; GABON; and DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO.

The period in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE that follows OVULATION, characterized by the development of CORPUS LUTEUM, increase in PROGESTERONE production by the OVARY and secretion by the glandular epithelium of the ENDOMETRIUM. The luteal phase begins with ovulation and ends with the onset of MENSTRUATION.

A sac or recess formed by a fold of the peritoneum.

A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.

The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.

A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).

Surgery performed on the male genitalia.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Inflammation of the EPIDIDYMIS. Its clinical features include enlarged epididymis, a swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.

The process by which semen is kept viable outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

The genital canal in the female, extending from the UTERUS to the VULVA. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

A species of gram-negative bacteria originally isolated from urethral specimens of patients with non-gonoccocal URETHRITIS. In primates it exists in parasitic association with ciliated EPITHELIAL CELLS in the genital and respiratory tracts.

Personal care items for women.

An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a triad of DEXTROCARDIA; INFERTILITY; and SINUSITIS. The syndrome is caused by mutations of DYNEIN genes encoding motility proteins which are components of sperm tails, and CILIA in the respiratory and the reproductive tracts.

Changes that occur to liberate the enzymes of the ACROSOME of a sperm (SPERMATOZOA). Acrosome reaction allows the sperm to penetrate the ZONA PELLUCIDA and enter the OVUM during FERTILIZATION.

The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).

A glycoprotein that causes regression of MULLERIAN DUCTS. It is produced by SERTOLI CELLS of the TESTES. In the absence of this hormone, the Mullerian ducts develop into structures of the female reproductive tract. In males, defects of this hormone result in persistent Mullerian duct, a form of MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM.

Voluntary SEXUAL INTERCOURSE between a married person and someone other than the SPOUSE.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.

The performance of surgical procedures with the aid of a microscope.

A medical-surgical specialty concerned with the physiology and disorders primarily of the female genital tract, as well as female endocrinology and reproductive physiology.

Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)

Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.

A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as facial and chest areas. It is the result of elevated ANDROGENS from the OVARIES, the ADRENAL GLANDS, or exogenous sources. The concept does not include HYPERTRICHOSIS, which is an androgen-independent excessive hair growth.

Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.

A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.

Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.

An important aggregate factor in epidemiological studies of women's health. The concept usually includes the number and timing of pregnancies and their outcomes, the incidence of breast feeding, and may include age of menarche and menopause, regularity of menstruation, fertility, gynecological or obstetric problems, or contraceptive usage.

The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.

Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin and of organic or psychogenic etiology. Frequent causes of pain are distension or contraction of hollow viscera, rapid stretching of the capsule of a solid organ, chemical irritation, tissue ischemia, and neuritis secondary to inflammatory, neoplastic, or fibrotic processes in adjacent organs. (Kase, Weingold & Gershenson: Principles and Practice of Clinical Gynecology, 2d ed, pp479-508)

Short tracts of DNA sequence that are used as landmarks in GENOME mapping. In most instances, 200 to 500 base pairs of sequence define a Sequence Tagged Site (STS) that is operationally unique in the human genome (i.e., can be specifically detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the presence of all other genomic sequences). The overwhelming advantage of STSs over mapping landmarks defined in other ways is that the means of testing for the presence of a particular STS can be completely described as information in a database.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent conception.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Surgery performed on the female genitalia.

The sexual functions, activities, attitudes, and orientations of an individual. Sexuality, male or female, becomes evident at PUBERTY under the influence of gonadal steroids (TESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL), and social effects.

The excretory duct of the testes that carries SPERMATOZOA. It rises from the SCROTUM and joins the SEMINAL VESICLES to form the ejaculatory duct.

Formation of an artificial opening in a fallopian tube.

A cutaneous pouch of skin containing the testicles and spermatic cords.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

The male reproductive organs. They are divided into the external organs (PENIS; SCROTUM;and URETHRA) and the internal organs (TESTIS; EPIDIDYMIS; VAS DEFERENS; SEMINAL VESICLES; EJACULATORY DUCTS; PROSTATE; and BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS).

The premature cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) when the last menstrual period occurs in a woman under the age of 40. It is due to the depletion of OVARIAN FOLLICLES. Premature MENOPAUSE can be caused by diseases; OVARIECTOMY; RADIATION; chemicals; and chromosomal abnormalities.

Procedures to reverse the effect of REPRODUCTIVE STERILIZATION and to regain fertility. Reversal procedures include those used to restore the flow in the FALLOPIAN TUBE or the VAS DEFERENS.

Utilization or disposal of an embryo that is fertilized but not immediately transplanted and resulting course of action.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

Genes that are located on the Y CHROMOSOME.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A slightly alkaline secretion of the endocervical glands. The consistency and amount are dependent on the physiological hormone changes in the menstrual cycle. It contains the glycoprotein mucin, amino acids, sugar, enzymes, and electrolytes, with a water content up to 90%. The mucus is a useful protection against the ascent of bacteria and sperm into the uterus. (From Dictionary of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1988)

Recombinant follicle stimulating hormone: development of the first biotechnology product for the treatment of infertility. Recombinant Human FSH Product Development Group. (1/1211)

Genes encoding the common gonadotrophin alpha subunit and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-specific beta subunit were isolated from a DNA library derived from human fetal liver cells, and inserted into separate expression vectors containing a selectable/amplifiable gene. These vectors were inserted into the genome of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line, resulting in expression of large amounts of biologically active human (h)FSH. This cell line was cultured on microcarrier beads in a large-scale bioreactor. hFSH in the cell culture supernatant was purified to homogeneity by a multistep process. The mature beta subunit had seven fewer amino acid residues than reported in the literature and three other differences were found in the sequence. Similar oligosaccharide structures were present on recombinant (r)-hFSH and a purified urinary (u)-hFSH preparation. In-vitro and in-vivo, the biological activities of u- and r-hFSH were indistinguishable. r-hFSH was formulated in ampoules containing 75 IU FSH activity (approximately 7.5 microg FSH), which accounts for >99% of the protein content of the preparation. Studies in non-human primates and human volunteers showed the pharmacokinetics of u- and r-hFSH to be similar. In healthy volunteers, r-hFSH stimulated follicular development and induced significant increases in serum oestradiol and inhibin. Clinical experience with r-hFSH has shown it is more effective at stimulating ovarian follicle growth than urinary gonadotrophins. It is also effective at initiating spermatogenesis when given together with human chorionic gonadotrophin. (+info)

The clinical efficacy of low-dose step-up follicle stimulating hormone administration for treatment of unexplained infertility. (2/1211)

The present study was designed to compare the clinical efficacy of low-dose step-up follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) administration with conventional FSH protocol (FSH was injected daily starting with a dose of 150 IU), both combined with intrauterine insemination (IUI), for the treatment of unexplained infertility. A total of 97 unexplained infertility couples was randomly assigned to one or other of the two treatment groups, either conventional FSH with IUI (48 patients) or low-dose step-up FSH with IUI (49 patients), and only the first treatment cycle was evaluated in each protocol. The difference in pregnancy rates per cycle was not statistically significant between the low-dose FSH group and the conventional group [seven of 49 (14.3%) and seven of 48 (14.6%) respectively]. A significant reduction in the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) was observed in the low-dose group (8.3% versus 27.1%, P < 0.05). The incidence of moderate OHSS requiring hospitalization was reduced significantly in the low-dose group (low-dose 0% versus conventional 16.7%, P < 0.01). However, the low-dose protocol did not completely prevent multiple pregnancies. Our results suggest that the low-dose step-up FSH treatment appeared to be useful for the treatment of unexplained infertility because of the high pregnancy rates and the significant decrease in the incidence of OHSS. (+info)

Infertility services and managed care. (3/1211)

The birth of the McCaughey septuplets in Iowa in November 1997 brought issues of fertility assistance and their potential outcomes to worldwide attention. This Pergonal-stimulated multiple pregnancy ended successfully, but not without health hurdles and economic consequences for the new siblings and their family. This article reviews the general situation surrounding infertility services and, within the current debate of epidemiological, economic, legal and social issues, posits that managed care may be able to make greater strides than the present fee-for-service system in providing more accessible and comprehensive care to the 5.3 million US citizens at risk for infertility. Our conclusions suggest that managed care plans for infertility can aid in assuring quality and decreasing unnecessary costs. Managed care organizations should take the lead in providing infertile couples with an organized, humanistic approach that is mindful of the attending social issues. On May 5, 1997, a US District court in Chicago ruled that infertility fits the definition of a disability, and thus is subject to the antidiscrimination enforcement under the Americans with Disabilities Act. (+info)

Parentage testing implications of male fertility after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (4/1211)

Fertility is expected to be reduced after the extensive chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy that is needed for conditioning prior to bone marrow transplantation. However, a male patient can be fertile, and in very rare situations such as reported here, this may confuse subsequent paternity testing. The patient, initially excluded as the biological father by red cell types but not by HLA, was subsequently included after the history of his previous marrow transplant was revealed, a review of the HLA results and further RFLP testing on buccal mucosal cells. This case points to the need for good history taking before performing paternity testing. (+info)

Effects of mutations in DNA repair genes on formation of ribosomal DNA circles and life span in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (5/1211)

A cause of aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the accumulation of extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA circles (ERCs). Introduction of an ERC into young mother cells shortens life span and accelerates the onset of age-associated sterility. It is important to understand the process by which ERCs are generated. Here, we demonstrate that homologous recombination is necessary for ERC formation. rad52 mutant cells, defective in DNA repair through homologous recombination, do not accumulate ERCs with age, and mutations in other genes of the RAD52 class have varying effects on ERC formation. rad52 mutation leads to a progressive delocalization of Sir3p from telomeres to other nuclear sites with age and, surprisingly, shortens life span. We speculate that spontaneous DNA damage, perhaps double-strand breaks, causes lethality in mutants of the RAD52 class and may be an initial step of aging in wild-type cells. (+info)

The Caenorhabditis elegans mel-11 myosin phosphatase regulatory subunit affects tissue contraction in the somatic gonad and the embryonic epidermis and genetically interacts with the Rac signaling pathway. (6/1211)

Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic elongation is driven by cell shape changes that cause a contraction of the epidermal cell layer enclosing the embryo. We have previously shown that this process requires a Rho-associated kinase (LET-502) and is opposed by the activity of a myosin phosphatase regulatory subunit (MEL-11). We now extend our characterization and show that mel-11 activity is required both in the epidermis during embryonic elongation and in the spermatheca of the adult somatic gonad. let-502 and mel-11 reporter gene constructs show reciprocal expression patterns in the embryonic epidermis and the spermatheca, and mutations of the two genes have opposite effects in these two tissues. These results are consistent with let-502 and mel-11 mediating tissue contraction and relaxation, respectively. We also find that mel-11 embryonic inviability is genetically enhanced by mutations in a Rac signaling pathway, suggesting that Rac potentiates or acts in parallel with the activity of the myosin phosphatase complex. Since Rho has been implicated in promoting cellular contraction, our results support a mechanism by which epithelial morphogenesis is regulated by the counteracting activities of Rho and Rac. (+info)

How concordant are the estimated rates of natural conception and in-vitro fertilization/embryo transfer success? (7/1211)

Knowledge of the chance to conceive for the subfertile couple is important in the process of counselling and clinical decision making. There are no data available on the reproducibility of the clinician's ability to assess the chance to conceive, both after expectant management or treatment with in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-embryo transfer). We evaluated this reproducibility by means of a set of case histories presented to a panel of gynaecologists and endocrinologists. A poor reproducibility would indicate a strong need for the use of prognostic models. In 1995, 57 gynaecologists and 32 reproductive endocrinologists were asked to appraise the 1 year spontaneous conception chance as well as the cumulative success rate of three cycles for IVF-embryo transfer of four couples with different medical histories. The clinical and laboratory data of these couples were presented as case histories. The difference between the estimated spontaneous pregnancy chances and the success rate of IVF-embryo transfer was also calculated. Calculation of intra-class correlation coefficients, which can be considered as measures of the reproducibility, demonstrated a substantial reproducibility of the assessment of spontaneous conception chances, but a slight to fair reproducibility of the assessment of IVF-embryo transfer success rates. We conclude that the use of reliable prognostic models for IVF-embryo transfer in the management of subfertility is warranted. (+info)

Intrauterine insemination treatment in subfertility: an analysis of factors affecting outcome. (8/1211)

A total of 811 intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles in which clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) was used for ovarian stimulation were analysed retrospectively to identify prognostic factors regarding treatment outcome. The overall pregnancy rate was 12.6% per cycle, the multiple pregnancy rate 13.7%, and the miscarriage rate 23.5%. Logistic regression analysis revealed five predictive variables as regards pregnancy: number of the treatment cycle (P = 0.009), duration of infertility (P = 0.017), age (P = 0.028), number of follicles (P = 0.031) and infertility aetiology (P = 0.045). The odds ratios for age < 40 years, unexplained infertility aetiology (versus endometriosis) and duration of infertility < or = 6 years were 3.24, 2.79 and 2.33, respectively. A multifollicular ovarian response to clomiphene citrate/HMG resulted in better treatment success than a monofollicular response, and 97% of the pregnancies were obtained in the first four treatment cycles. The results indicate that clomiphene citrate/HMG/IUI is a useful and cost-effective treatment option in women < 40 years of age with infertility duration < or = 6 years, who do not suffer from endometriosis. (+info)

Infertility[edit]. A recent study of a remote patient monitoring solution for infertility demonstrated that for appropriately ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_patient_monitoring

Infertility[edit]. Some types of chemotherapy are gonadotoxic and may cause infertility.[90] Chemotherapies with high risk ... Female infertility by chemotherapy appears to be secondary to premature ovarian failure by loss of primordial follicles.[91] ... The long-term effects of exposure include chromosomal abnormalities and infertility.[4]:38 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapeutics

Infertility[edit]. Culture of human embryonic stem cells in mitotically inactivated porcine ovarian fibroblasts (POF) causes ... These cells have the potential to treat infertility. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_therapy

Female infertility[edit]. See also: Female infertility § Tobacco smoking. Smoking is harmful to the ovaries, potentially ... causing female infertility, and the degree of damage is dependent upon the amount and length of time a woman smokes. Nicotine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco

Infertility treatments[edit]. If a couple is experiencing infertility as a result of retrograde ejaculation and medications are ... Retrograde ejaculation is sometimes referred to as a "dry orgasm." Retrograde ejaculation is one cause of male infertility.[1] ... a b Retrograde ejaculation treatments Infertility factors portal. Retrieved on 2010-03-02 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_ejaculation

Male infertility[edit]. While CoQ10 can improve some measurements regarding sperm quality, there is no evidence that CoQ10 ... "Coenzyme Q10 and male infertility: a meta-analysis". Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 30 (9): 1147-1156. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubidecarenone

Infertility. Main article: Infertility. Modern reproductive medicine offers many forms of assisted reproductive technology for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child-bearing

The symptoms of KS are often variable; therefore, a karyotype analysis should be ordered when small testes, infertility, ... The primary features are infertility and small testicles.[2][8] Often, symptoms may be subtle and many people do not realize ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinefelter_syndrome

Infertility[edit]. Main article: Infertility. Infertility primarily refers to the biological inability of a person to ... Infertility may also refer to the state of a woman who is unable to carry a pregnancy to full term. There are many biological ... Further information: Female infertility. The average age of menarche in the United States is about 12.5 years.[26] In ... See also: Paternal age effect and Male infertility. Some research suggest that increased male age is associated with a decline ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility

Infertility[edit]. Main article: Infertility. In the United States, infertility affects 1.5 million couples.[86][87] Many ... and pelvic inflammatory disease leading to infertility. In addition infertility from many other causes, birth control, ... and subsequent infertility in women. Another important consequence of some STIs such as genital herpes and syphilis increase ... nerve damage and infertility. Severe social and mental consequences are also likely to follow, with shunning of the women. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_health

Infertility[edit]. GSE can result in high risk pregnancies[58] and infertility. Some infertile women have GSE and iron ... Jameson S (1976). "Zinc deficiency in malabsorption states: a cause of infertility?". Acta Med. Scand. Suppl. 593: 38-49. PMID ... "Infertility and coeliac disease". Gut. 39 (3): 382-384. doi:10.1136/gut.39.3.382. PMC 1383343. PMID 8949641 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten-sensitive_enteropathy_associated_conditions

Infertility. The gonads (ovaries and testicles) are very sensitive to radiation. They may be unable to produce gametes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy

... infertility; cosmetic treatment; experimental or unproven treatment or drugs; and war risks. Chronic illnesses, such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialized_medicine

... infertility, and allergic reactions.[2] Use during pregnancy often results in harm to the baby.[2] Chlorambucil is in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorambucil

... infertility; impotence[17] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_testing

... and infertility. Men who have had a gonorrhea infection have an increased risk of getting prostate cancer.[20] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhea

Abnormal uterine bleeding is a general category that includes any bleeding from menstrual or nonmenstrual causes. Hypomenorrhea is abnormally light menstrual periods. Menorrhagia (meno = prolonged,[2] rrhagia = excessive flow/discharge) is an abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period. Metrorrhagia is bleeding at irregular times, especially outside the expected intervals of the menstrual cycle. If there is excessive menstrual and uterine bleeding other than that caused by menstruation, menometrorrhagia (meno = prolonged, metro = time, rrhagia = excessive flow/discharge) may be diagnosed. Causes may be due to abnormal blood clotting, disruption of normal hormonal regulation of periods or disorders of the endometrial lining of the uterus. Depending upon the cause, it may be associated with abnormally painful periods. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_disorder

... a cause of infertility. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesion_

... female infertility; miscarriage; scleroderma; and/or neurobehavioral effects or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Department of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Lejeune,_NC

This type can form when ovulation doesn't occur, and a follicle doesn't rupture or release its egg but instead grows until it becomes a cyst, or when a mature follicle involutes (collapses on itself). It usually forms during ovulation, and can grow to about 7 cm in diameter. It is thin-walled, lined by one or more layers of granulosa cell, and filled with clear fluid.[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicular_cyst_of_ovary

... (BV) is a disease of the vagina caused by excessive growth of bacteria.[6][9] Common symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that often smells like fish.[2] The discharge is usually white or gray in color.[2] Burning with urination may occur.[2] Itching is uncommon.[2][6] Occasionally, there may be no symptoms.[2] Having BV approximately doubles the risk of infection by a number of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS.[8][10] It also increases the risk of early delivery among pregnant women.[3][11] BV is caused by an imbalance of the naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina.[4][5] There is a change in the most common type of bacteria and a hundred to thousandfold increase in total numbers of bacteria present.[6] Typically, bacteria other than Lactobacilli become more common.[12] Risk factors include douching, new or multiple sex partners, antibiotics, and using an intrauterine device, among others.[5] However, it is not considered a sexually transmitted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_vaginosis

Women who experience pain with attempted intercourse describe their pain in many ways. This reflects how many different and overlapping causes there are for dyspareunia.[2] The location, nature, and time course of the pain help to understand potential causes and treatments. Some women describe superficial pain at the opening of the vagina or surface of the genitalia when penetration is initiated. Other women feel deeper pain in the vault of the vagina or deep within the pelvis upon deeper penetration. Some women feel pain in more than one of these places. Determining whether the pain is more superficial or deep is important in understanding what may be causing a woman's pain.[3] Some women have always experienced pain with intercourse from their very first attempt. Other women begin to feel pain with intercourse after an injury or infection or cyclically with menstruation. Sometimes the pain increases over time. When pain occurs, the woman may be distracted from feeling pleasure and excitement. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_during_intercourse

Where an underlying cause can be identified, treatment may be directed at this. Clearly heavy periods at menarche and menopause may settle spontaneously (the menarche being the start and menopause being the cessation of periods). If the degree of bleeding is mild, all that may be sought by the woman is the reassurance that there is no sinister underlying cause. If anemia occurs due to bleeding then iron tablets may be used to help restore normal hemoglobin levels.[1] The first line treatment option for women with HMB and no identified pathology, fibroids less than 3 cm in diameter, suspected or confirmed adenomyosis is the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS).[11] Clinical trial evidence suggests that the LNG-IUS may be better than other medical therapy in terms of HMB and quality of life.[14] Usually, oral combined contraceptive or progesterone only pills may be taken for a few months, but for longer-term treatment the alternatives of injected Depo Provera or the more recent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menorrhea

"Infertility: Overview". Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) - via www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aged

Abnormal sperm increases, infertility rises, and birthrates decline. "Most perilous are the effects on the immune defense ... Often abnormal sperm increase; infertility rises; the birthrate falls. Most perilous in the long run, each animal's immune ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_erosion

... s are often the result of trauma during childbirth (in which case it is known as obstetric fistula), with increased risk associated with significant lacerations or interventions are used such as episiotomy or operative (forceps/vacuum extraction) deliveries[2] or in situations where there is inadequate health care, such as in some developing countries. Rectovaginal fistula is said to be known as the leading cause in maternal death in developing countries.[3] Risk factors include prolonged labour, difficult instrumental delivery and paramedian episiotomy. Rates in Eritrea are estimated as high as 350 per 100,000 vaginal births. Fistulas can also develop as a result of physical trauma to either the vagina or anus, including from rape.[4] Women with rectovaginal fistulae are often stigmatized in developing countries, and become outcasts.[5] Rectovaginal fistula can also be a symptom of various diseases, including infection by lymphogranuloma venereum,[6] or the unintended result ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectovaginal_fistula

During an infertility work-up a hysterosalpingogram (HSG), an X-ray procedure that uses a contrast agent to image the fallopian ... As tubal function is impeded, infertility is a common symptom. Patients who are not trying to get pregnant and have no pain, ... Surgery was gradually displaced by IVF as the main treatment for tubal infertility after the birth of Louise Brown in 1978. ... For most of the past century patients with tubal infertility due to hydrosalpinx underwent tubal corrective surgery to open up ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosalpinx

Infertility. Total lack of sense of smell (anosmia) or markedly reduced sense of smell (hyposmia). This is the defining feature ... In males with KS/CHH, infertility is primarily due to the lack of sperm production within the testes. Sperm production can be ... In females with KS/CHH, infertility is primarily due to the lack of maturation of eggs located within the ovaries. Ovulation ... This will lead to a fall in testosterone or oestrogen levels and infertility. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea is seen in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallmann_syndrome

Infertility. Interoception involves the conscious and unconscious sense of the internal state of the body, and it has an ... Complications may include osteoporosis, infertility and heart damage, among others. Women will often stop having menstrual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorexia_nervosa

Infertility is an increasingly common issue among women of reproductive age. The CDC estimates 6% of women between the ages of ... In the past, research of PCOS has been focused on diagnostics, symptoms, and effects such as infertility. Very little research ... "Infertility , Reproductive Health , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2019-06-06. Retrieved 2021-04-07. Hilbert, SueLin M.; Gunderson, ... Along with medicine and surgery, one growing treatment for infertility is assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART describes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_reproductive_health_in_the_United_States

... of infertility cases are due to male infertility, 20-35% are due to female infertility, and 25-40% are due to combined problems ... "Infertility & STDs - STD Information from CDC". cdc.gov.. *^ Martha E. Wittenberg. "STDs That Can Cause Infertility". ... Primary infertility is infertility in a couple who have never had a child. Secondary infertility is failure to conceive ... secondary infertility[edit]. Primary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infertility

We explore the different kinds of infertility, what can be done, costs involved, and the tricky ethical and legal issues that ... Male infertility. Sperm defects. A low sperm count is the most common cause of male infertility. Abnormalities in sperm shape ... In some cases, the exact cause of infertility cannot be explained. Proper diagnosis of infertility will help in selecting an ... While it is easier to treat couples where the cause of infertility is obvious, couples with unexplained infertility can also be ...

http://www.abc.net.au/health/library/stories/2007/05/30/1919840.htm

... Includes Inability To Find Sexual Partner. The World Health Organization said infertility should not be regarded as ... Infertility Treatments Dont Cause Developmental Delays. Children conceived through infertility treatments, including ovulation ... Male Infertility Could Have Other Health Consequences. A study has found that men with poor semen quality often have lower ... The sudden rise in male infertility is a scary national crisis, and we cant blame it on Trump-or can we? ...

https://www.newsweek.com/topic/infertility

Infertility is generally defined as not being able to get pregnant after 1 year of unprotected sex. ... Infertilityplus icon *Infertility and Public Healthplus icon *Infertility White Paper ... Suspected male factor infertility (e.g. history of testicular trauma, hernia surgery, chemotherapy, or infertility with another ... An important early step is understanding possible causes of infertility.. Infertility is generally defined as not being able to ...

https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/features/what-is-infertility/index.html

Herbal use for Infertility Cloning Infertility Among the Umm Al Muminun What I wish they wouldnt say PCOS Links Recommended ... Coping with Infertility Personal stories of Muslims battling infertility. Male Doctors-Female patients Haram?? Masturbation ... These being only female factors of infertility, it is false to assume that infertility is only a womans problem. Male factors ... Infertility in light of the Quran Pregnancy in the Quran Polygny: an option for infertile couples ART Haram (forbidden) or ...

http://www.angelfire.com/la/IslamicView/

... and guidelines on infertility and male infertility. Read about infertility treatment, including fertility drugs, which can help ... Infertility : Review in-depth clinical information, latest medical news, ...

https://www.medscape.com/resource/infertility

... r/infertility, a fantastic community that exists for shitty reasons. Were here for everyone, of all genders, who are dealing ... Secondary Infertility. Secondary infertility and those with prior success are allowed to participate here. Prior success may be ... No crossposting infertility sub posts to subs outside of the infertility family (see related communities)! Crossposts in to the ... Secondary Infertility* Secondary infertility and those with prior success are allowed to participate here. Prior success may be ...

https://www.reddit.com/r/infertility/wiki/rules

Mild male infertility. - Unexplained infertility. - Immunologic infertility.. Successful rate:Successful rate: About 20-30%%. ... History of present complaint Type of infertility Duration of infertility • Sexual history  Libdo, Impotance Frequency of ... unexplained infertility (22%)  mixed factors (13%)  male infertility (6%)  tubal factor (5%)  cervical factor (3%)  others ... Infertility seminar * 1. DR MOHD NASIR BIN TAK ABDULLAH REPRODUCTIVE UNIT DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY HOSPITAL ...

https://www.slideshare.net/obsgynhsnz/infertility-seminar

"Infertility is such an unspoken disease; people feel shame and hide it. I did too at first, until I met the women in my ... The weight that infertility stress adds to your relationship is like no other. Make sure between the tests, treatments, ... Click through our gallery to read more words of wisdom from couples who have experienced infertility. ... "There is life during and after infertility, even when there is no baby to show for it. The sun can still rise on your life and ...

http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/24/health/gallery/infertility-advice/index.html

Infertilityplus icon *Infertility and Public Healthplus icon *Infertility White Paper ... Infertilityexternal icon - (MedlinePlus). *RESOLVE: The National Infertility Associationexternal icon - RESOLVE is a national ... Both men and women can contribute to infertility. Many couples struggle with infertility and seek help to become pregnant, but ... compassionate support and information to people who are experiencing infertility and to increase awareness of infertility ...

https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/infertility/index.htm

For this reason it is preferable to speak of "endometriosis-associated infertility" rather than any definite "infertility ... In endometriosis, there is a risk of female infertility of up to 30% to 50%.[1] ... Speroff L, Glass RH, Kase NG (1999). Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility (6th ed.). Lippincott Willimas Wilkins ... Surgery is more effective for infertility than medicinal intervention in endometriosis.[5] One study has shown that surgical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometriosis_and_infertility

... * 1. Treating Male Infertility * 2. Men even suffer from infertility issues just like women. It has ... Male infertility - low sperm count ... by 24x7esubmission O... 710 views * TRUS in Evaluation of Male Infertility by Siewhong ... 3. What Causes Male Infertility? * 4. l*Tumors l*Infection l*Varicocele l*Celiac disease l*Ejaculation issues l*Sperm duct ... Male Infertility Treatment in Delhi by sciinternational 677 views * ...

https://www.slideshare.net/pointspecifics/treating-male-infertility

Male factor infertility constitutes 25 to 30% of all cases of infertility and contributes, in combination with female factors, ... Obesity and Male Infertility. A Practical Approach. Ahmad O. Hammoud, M.D., M.P.H.; A. Wayne Meikle, M.D.; Leonardo Oliveira ... Infertility, defined as the absence of pregnancy after 1 year of unprotected intercourse, affects 1 in every 13 couples in the ... Obesity in men is associated with infertility in numerous studies, and the temporal trend for a decline in semen parameters ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/773252

Get additional information on the signs of infertility and when to see a doctor. ... Signs of Infertility Get more information about potential signs of infertility. * Missed Periods Absent or irregular periods ... Am I at Risk for Fertility Problems? Learn more about the major risk factors for infertility. ... Get additional information on the signs of infertility and when to see a doctor. ...

https://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/guide/infertility-reproduction-symptoms-types

Find out how infertility is treated. The three main types of treatment are medicines to assist fertility, surgical procedures, ... If you or your partner has an infertility problem, you may be able to receive eggs or sperm from a donor to help you conceive. ... If you have an infertility problem, you may want to consider private treatment. This can be expensive, and theres no guarantee ... More on treatments for infertility. Get more information about fertility treatment options on the Human Fertilisation and ...

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/infertility/treatment/

More about infertility:. *Infertility is common. Out of 100 couples in the United States, about 12 to 13 of them have trouble ... Female infertility is treated in many ways and depends on the cause of infertility. Many cases are treated with medication or ... Secondary infertility is infertility in a woman who has had one or more pregnancies, but cannot become pregnant again. ... Female Infertility. Quick Facts. *Infertility is not being able to become pregnant. ...

https://www.hhs.gov/opa/reproductive-health/fact-sheets/female-infertility/index.html

There are 2 types of infertility:. *Primary infertility refers to couples who have not become pregnant after at least 1 year ... Female infertility may occur when:. *A fertilized egg or embryo does not survive once it attaches to the lining of the womb ( ... Female infertility: evaluation and management. In: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, eds. Endocrinology: Adult and ... Secondary infertility refers to couples who have been able to get pregnant at least once, but now are unable. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001191.htm

Infertility - Male infertility: The causes of male infertility include problems with sperm production, blockage of the sperm- ... Infertility is also more likely to occur in men born with a low birth weight compared with those born with an average weight ... Evidence suggests that reduced sperm function and male infertility may be risk markers of disease later in life. For instance, ... although a causal link is lacking, male infertility has been ... Male infertility. The causes of male infertility include ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/infertility/Male-infertility

Read about the causes of male infertility and treatments. ... Infertility is when a woman cant get pregnant after a year or ... Causes of Male Infertility (American Society for Reproductive Medicine) * Sperm release pathway (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in ... Infertility is a term doctors use if a man hasnt been able to get a woman pregnant after at least one year of trying. Causes ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Infertility, Male (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Oligospermia (National Institutes ...

https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html

Learn about the connection between low T and infertility and find out how testosterone replacement therapy could have low sperm ...

https://www.webmd.com/men/features/infertility

... problem-oriented approach devoted exclusively to the surgery of male infertility. Step-by-step descriptions along with clearly ... infertility inguinal ring injection injury intraoperative laparoscopic layer ligation lumen magnification male infertility ... problem-oriented approach devoted exclusively to the surgery of male infertility. Step-by-step descriptions along with clearly ... problem-oriented approach devoted exclusively to the surgery of male infertility. Step-by-step descriptions along with clearly ...

https://books.google.com/books?id=vHtsAAAAMAAJ&q=male+infertility&dq=related:ISBN3540198407&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&hl=en

Causes of infertility include endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and low sperm count. Pinpoint your symptoms and signs ... Main Article on Infertility. * Infertility. Infertility is the diminished ability to conceive a child. Infertility can be a ... Infertility Quiz: Test Your IQ of Infertility. What is the medical definition of infertility? Take the Infertility Quiz to ... Infertility is the diminished ability or the inability to conceive and have offspring. Infertility is also defined in specific ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/infertility/symptoms.htm

Infertility News and Research. RSS Infertility primarily refers to the biological inability of a person to contribute to ... Infertility may also refer to the state of a woman who is unable to carry a pregnancy to full term. Further Reading. * ... Parents with children conceived via IVF, IUI or using infertility medication can rest assured that treatment has no impact on ... Testicular tissue cryopreservation offers hope for young men at risk of infertility Testicular tissue samples obtained from 189 ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Infertility&

... One of the best established connections between obesity and reproductive problems is the link between ... Studies show that women having anovulation related infertility is 30% higher in women with BMI ranged between 24 and 31 as ... Along with several other sexual health problems caused by obesity, infertility is an important one leading to the disturbing ... Obesity and Infertility. News-Medical, viewed 18 June 2021, https://www.news-medical.net/health/Obesity-and-Infertility.aspx. ...

https://www.news-medical.net/health/Obesity-and-Infertility.aspx

The issue is complex and typically there are multiple factors that contribute to the infertility. Read this article to learn ... The infertility rate in the U.S. is approximately 12-18% and 10% of women have received some type of fertility services. There ... Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after 12 months of regular intercourse in the absence of contraception in a ... Male factor infertility can include many issues: no sperm, low sperm, abnormal sperm or sperm going in the wrong direction. For ...

http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art38361.asp

... causes of female infertility, infertility in women, infertility in older women, fibroids, endometriosis, ovarian cysts, ... Female infertility testing at the Johns Hopkins Fertility Center in Baltimore, Maryland may incude looking for: ... Female Infertility Conditions. Because of the intricate and complex nature of the female reproductive tract, there can be many ... This causes infertility - due to lack of implantation.. Decreased ovarian reserve is diagnosed by blood tests for estradiol and ...

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gynecology_obstetrics/specialty_areas/fertility-center/female-infertility/conditions.html

What is infertility?. Infertility means not being able to get pregnant after one year of trying (or six months if a woman is 35 ... Infertility. Infertility means not being able to get pregnant after one year of trying (or six months if a woman is 35 or older ... Is infertility just a womans problem?. No, infertility is not always a womans problem. Both women and men can have problems ... What causes infertility in women?. Most cases of female infertility are caused by problems with ovulation. Without ovulation, ...

https://www.womenshealth.gov/node/3286

The Male Infertility Program at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center helps couples conceive by using the least ... Male Infertility Program. The Male Infertility Program at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center helps couples ... The Male Infertility Program offers the complete range of services for couples struggling with infertility. Our program ... 6 Things You Should Know About Male Infertility Confronting infertility can be scary and stressful, but its helpful to learn ...

https://www.massgeneral.org/urology/treatments-and-services/male-infertility-program

Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after 12 months of regular intercourse in the absence of contraception in a ... Infertility Evaluation. Guest Author - Dr. Denise Howard. Infertility affects 12-18% of U.S. couples with similar rates in ... Understanding Infertility. Related Articles. Editors Picks Articles. Top Ten Articles. Previous Features. Site Map. ... Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after 12 months of regular intercourse in the absence of contraception in a ...

http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art59641.asp

Female infertility can stem from a number of causes, like hormonal changes. ... Approximately one-third of infertile couples have problems with female infertility. ... Ovulation Problems and Female Infertility. Lack of ovulation is the primary cause of infertility in women. This is also called ... Other Causes of Female Infertility. Other factors can also cause infertility. These include damage to the fallopian tubes and ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/fertility/female-infertility

Cases of total infertility where no eggs or sperm are produced are rare. (abc.net.au)
Male factors also make up for about 40% of infertility problems, which include blocked ducts, low amount of sperm, and deformed sperm. (angelfire.com)
The most common cause of infertility in men is poor-quality semen, the fluid containing sperm that's ejaculated during sex. (www.nhs.uk)
[ 2 ] In case of presumed male factor infertility, couples are often offered intrauterine inseminations (IUIs) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). (medscape.com)
Such interventions gain more importance in light of reports that, paralleling the population body mass index (BMI) increase, the prevalence of male infertility is increasing as evidenced by decreasing sperm counts throughout the world over the last few decades. (medscape.com)
If you or your partner has an infertility problem, you may be able to receive eggs or sperm from a donor to help you conceive. (www.nhs.uk)
The causes of male infertility include problems with sperm production, blockage of the sperm-delivery system, the presence of antibodies against sperm, testicular injury, anatomic abnormalities, and the presence of a varicose vein around the testicle (varicocele)-all of which can affect sperm quality or quantity. (britannica.com)
Evidence suggests that reduced sperm function and male infertility may be risk markers of disease later in life. (britannica.com)
Male factor infertility can include many issues: no sperm, low sperm, abnormal sperm or sperm going in the wrong direction. (bellaonline.com)
Varicoceles, a network of abnormally dilated veins in the testes, can have a negative impact on sperm or testosterone production and are the most common cause of male infertility. (massgeneral.org)
Which has been shown to actually reduce a man's sperm count and lead to infertility ? (go.com)
Having too much or too little of some of the hormones that help your body make sperm can also lead to sperm-related problems that cause infertility. (plannedparenthood.org)
As early as the 1920's speculation arose concerning the possible role of immunologic reactions involving sperm in human infertility. (springer.com)
Whereas, the report on subcutaneous injections of semen in three women suggested a failure to induce serum antibodies to sperm, 3 a more extensive study in 20 women injected by the intramuscular route reported induction of both antibody and infertility. (springer.com)
It was not until the 50's and 60's however, when several different groups of clinical investigators working with men and women of infertile couples reported that the evidence supported an association between human infertility and antibodies to sperm. (springer.com)
Among the possible reasons for male infertility, nonobstructive azoospermia is the least treatable, because few or no mature sperm may be produced. (hindawi.com)
Most infertility problems in men result from difficulty producing healthy sperm or from a glitch in the sperm's ability to reach and fertilize an egg. (parents.com)
Infertility in men can be due to varicocele, low or absent sperm count, sperm damage or certain diseases. (medicinenet.com)
Scientists from the RIKEN BioResource Center in Tsukuba, Japan, have discovered that a single mutation in the beta-catenin gene, which codes a protein known to be deeply involved in a number of developmental and homeostatic processes, can lead to infertility not through a disruption of the production of egg or sperm cells, but rather by leading to abnormalities in the morphology of the sexual organs, making natural reproduction impossible. (eurekalert.org)
Infertility can be due to a number of reasons other than an underlying issue with sperm. (philly.com)
Mystifyingly, they also tend to automatically look to the woman as the source of the couple's infertility, even when a man demonstrates a low sperm count. (healthy.net)
It is staggering that doctors so often dismiss low sperm counts as important in infertility, or believe there is nothing you can do about them. (healthy.net)
Infertility in men can result from deficiencies in sperm formation, concentration, or transportation. (medscape.com)
Indications for performing a postcoital test include semen hyperviscosity, increased or decreased semen volume with good sperm density, or unexplained infertility. (medscape.com)
Testicular biopsy is indicated in azoospermic men with a normal-sized testis and normal findings on hormonal studies to evaluate for ductal obstruction, to further evaluate idiopathic infertility, and to retrieve sperm. (medscape.com)
Prognosis in unexplained infertility depends on many factors, but can roughly be estimated by e.g. the Hunault model, which takes into account female age, duration of infertility/subfertility, infertility/subfertility being primary or secondary, percentage of motile sperm and being referred by a general practitioner or gynecologist. (wikipedia.org)

Although less common, blocked fallopian tubes can also cause female infertility. (hhs.gov)
Tubal infertility is caused by damaged fallopian tubes. (healthline.com)
Problems with the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus can all cause infertility, but one of the most important risk factors is age. (womenshealth.gov)
The most common causes of female infertility include problems with ovulation, damage to the fallopian tubes or uterus, or problems with the cervix. (bidmc.org)
By doing a quick Google search, Pamela and her husband, John Henry Soto, found Clear Passage, a physical therapy clinic in Gainesville, Fla., that treats certain causes of female infertility like blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis and hormonal dysfunction. (foxnews.com)
A study conducted by Prof. Ben Mol, from the University of Adelaide's Robinson Research Institute in Australia, investigated an infertility treatment first used 100 years ago: flushing the fallopian tubes with an iodized poppy seed oil. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Noncancerous (benign) tumors in the uterine wall (uterine fibroids) may cause infertility by blocking the fallopian tubes or stopping a fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus. (drugs.com)
It can also lead to ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy in the fallopian tube or elsewhere outside the uterus) and infertility due to permanent damage to the fallopian tube, uterus or surrounding tissue. (healthcentral.com)
Unexplained infertility is infertility that is idiopathic in the sense that its cause remains unknown even after an infertility work-up, usually including semen analysis in the man and assessment of ovulation and fallopian tubes in the woman. (wikipedia.org)

Going through infertility treatments can be an emotional rollercoaster, especially for patients who fail to become pregnant after a number of cycles. (abc.net.au)
It may take a while before a couple undergoing infertility treatments becomes pregnant. (abc.net.au)
Children conceived through infertility treatments, including ovulation induction and IVF, are no more likely to have a developmental delay than other kids. (newsweek.com)
The decision when to apply IVF in endometriosis-associated infertility cases takes into account the age of the patient, the severity of the endometriosis, the presence of other infertility factors, and the results and duration of past treatments. (wikipedia.org)
After doing some online research I have found the following recommendations for herbal us in fertility and infertility treatments. (angelfire.com)
Here, find out what causes infertility , how to reduce your risk, when to see a doctor, potential infertility treatments, and more. (parents.com)
Infertility treatments can be costly and lengthy. (upmc.com)
There are treatments for many kinds of infertility, and many people go on to have a healthy pregnancy and a child. (plannedparenthood.org)
Seeing a doctor that specializes in infertility can help you figure out what's causing your fertility problems and find the best treatments for you. (plannedparenthood.org)
Gender affirming hormone treatments and surgeries can lead to infertility, but they don't always lead to infertility. (plannedparenthood.org)
Chelsea and Josh weathered close to 10 years of infertility treatments before welcoming their twins in May 2017, and Chelsea captured the highs and lows of their journey on her blog. (healthline.com)
Even after years of infertility treatments, Monica and Steve Klein couldn't get pregnant. (redbookmag.com)
But the Deer Park, NY, couple wasn't able to conceive, so their doctor suggested they begin infertility treatments. (redbookmag.com)
Given the role of some reproductive hormones in autoimmune diseases, those with MS receiving infertility treatments are at particular risk of exacerbating their disease. (redorbit.com)
Infertility and years of aggressive treatment can leave wounds that don't entirely heal," says therapist Ellen Glazer, coauthor of Choosing Assisted Reproduction: Social, Emotional, and Ethical Considerations , and the mother of two daughters, 14 and 17, one through adoption and the other with the help of fertility treatments. (parenting.com)

In humans, infertility is the inability to become pregnant/impregnate or carry a pregnancy to full term . (wikipedia.org)
Demographers tend to define infertility as childlessness in a population of women of reproductive age," whereas "the epidemiological definition refers to "trying for" or "time to" a pregnancy, generally in a population of women exposed to" a probability of conception. (wikipedia.org)
Infertility is "a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse (and there is no other reason, such as breastfeeding or postpartum amenorrhoea ). (wikipedia.org)
Secondary infertility is failure to conceive following a previous pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
Impaired fecundity is a condition related to infertility and refers to women who have difficulty getting pregnant or carrying a pregnancy to term. (cdc.gov)
No evidence-based treatment that increases the likelihood of pregnancy for the infertility associated with male obesity has been demonstrated to date. (medscape.com)
Infertility, defined as the absence of pregnancy after 1 year of unprotected intercourse, affects 1 in every 13 couples in the United States. (medscape.com)
Primary infertility is infertility in a woman who has never had a pregnancy. (hhs.gov)
Infertility may also refer to the state of a woman who is unable to carry a pregnancy to full term. (news-medical.net)
Some research suggests that the likelihood of an eventual pregnancy might be higher for women whose infertility is unexplained than for women with identified issues. (healthline.com)
Infertility is a disease or condition of the reproductive system often diagnosed after a couple has had one year of unprotected, well-timed intercourse, or if the woman has been unable to carry a pregnancy that results in a live birth. (prweb.com)
Learn more about conditions that often cause infertility in women and infertility in men and how we treat these conditions to maximize your chances of pregnancy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Some celebrities find starting and building their families easy but others like many dealing with infertility and pregnancy loss struggle with the physical and emotional side to fertility just like "regular" people. (inciid.org)
This article is a basic overview or review of an infertility evaluation for those individuals and couples struggling with infertility and trying to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term and delivery. (inciid.org)
Miracles and Memories (MAM), is a worldwide, international movement designed to increase public awareness and support patient education and empowerment for infertility, pregnancy loss and adoption. (inciid.org)
So I am now 32 weeks pregnant and I think I'm still feeling weird about this pregnancy- due to the infertility experience. (mothering.com)
I had the infertility with the first and I think bceause of the pain of it I was really scared to begin trying again and I have had a hard time bonding with this pregnancy. (mothering.com)
For those of us who have suffered from infertility, the journey to pregnancy can be one of the most devastating. (sidelines.org)
Seven and a half weeks into the pregnancy we had our last visit with the infertility doctor, where we were thrilled and pleasantly surprised by the news of a twin pregnancy. (sidelines.org)
The difficult journey of infertility had ended and another had begun: that of a high-risk pregnancy. (sidelines.org)
Since we felt that we had the best infertility care with Dr. Moore, and since he knew how anxious we were about our pregnancy, we asked him whom he would go to in our position. (sidelines.org)
When MS and infertility coincide, patients seek ART to achieve pregnancy," explains Dr. Jorge Correale with the RaÃºl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research in Buenos Aires. (redorbit.com)
Infertility may result from an issue with either you or your partner, or a combination of factors that prevent pregnancy. (drugs.com)
Acupuncture is used to treat certain types of infertility problems, according to the American Pregnancy Association. (reference.com)
Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. (medscape.com)
IUI and ICI has higher pregnancy rates when combined with ovarian stimulation in couples with unexplained infertility, for IUI being 13% unstimulated and 15% stimulated, and for ICI being 8% unstimulated and 15% stimulated. (wikipedia.org)

Infertility is generally defined as not being able to get pregnant after 1 year of unprotected sex. (cdc.gov)
In general, infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant (conceive) after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. (cdc.gov)
About 6% of married women aged 15 to 44 years in the United States are unable to get pregnant after one year of trying (infertility). (cdc.gov)
Many couples struggle with infertility and seek help to become pregnant, but it is often thought of as only a woman's condition. (cdc.gov)
Medication that stimulates the ovaries isn't recommended for women with unexplained infertility because it hasn't been found to increase their chances of getting pregnant. (www.nhs.uk)
Infertility is not being able to become pregnant. (hhs.gov)
Infertility is defined as not being able to become pregnant after having regular intercourse (sex) without birth control after one year (or after six months if a woman is 35 years or older). (hhs.gov)
Secondary infertility is infertility in a woman who has had one or more pregnancies, but cannot become pregnant again. (hhs.gov)
Infertility means you cannot get pregnant (conceive). (medlineplus.gov)
Primary infertility refers to couples who have not become pregnant after at least 1 year having sex without using birth control methods. (medlineplus.gov)
Secondary infertility refers to couples who have been able to get pregnant at least once, but now are unable. (medlineplus.gov)
Infertility is a term doctors use if a man hasn't been able to get a woman pregnant after at least one year of trying. (medlineplus.gov)
Infertility means not being able to get pregnant after one year of trying (or six months if a woman is 35 or older). (womenshealth.gov)
The fertility experts at the Johns Hopkins Fertility Center can help you identify the potential causes of your infertility and develop a personalized treatment plan to help you become pregnant. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
For most women, infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant after one year of trying. (womenshealth.gov)
The names of the blogs reflect the hopeful, harrowing, and at times absurd experience of living with infertility: "A Little Pregnant," "And I wasted all that birth control," or "Wishing On a Star," for example. (thenewatlantis.com)
Infertility means not being able to get pregnant after a year of trying. (bidmc.org)
If a woman gets pregnant but keeps having miscarriages or stillbirths, that is also classified as infertility. (bidmc.org)
Infertility is when you have trouble getting pregnant or staying pregnant. (plannedparenthood.org)
You're generally diagnosed with infertility if you don't get pregnant after 1 year or more of trying, or if you have multiple miscarriages . (plannedparenthood.org)
That's why both people are usually tested for infertility if a couple is having trouble getting pregnant. (plannedparenthood.org)
They [the patients] were not stratified by disease type, by age, by duration of infertility, by body weight, smokers versus non-smokers, ever pregnant versus never pregnant, male factors- these are all things that have a profound bearing on results. (foxnews.com)
Indeed, the proportion of women defined as experiencing infertility - meaning it took them more than a year of trying to become pregnant - rose from about 10 percent among women having the lowest concentrations of either perfluorinated pollutant in their blood to roughly twice that rate for moms with the most contaminated blood. (sciencenews.org)
At 7 months, I do finally believe I'm pregnant (mostly because I have a baby who loves to kick me), but I find I'm still very sensitive to infertility related questions and comments. (mothering.com)
We've spent years of our lives reacting to infertility, and all those feelings don't go away just because we're pregnant. (mothering.com)
Eating fast food hurts women's chances of getting pregnant, increases infertility, study says Women who eat a lot of fast food are less likely to become pregnant within a year, according to a new study published in Human Reproduction. (usatoday.com)
If you have been unable to become pregnant after a year of unprotected sex, or have had multiple miscarriages, you may be facing infertility. (rush.edu)
Having suffered through infertility beforehand makes you even more scared of having anything go wrong, because you have that fear that you may never get pregnant again. (sidelines.org)
Infertility means not being able to become pregnant , within certain parameters. (medicinenet.com)
Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least a year for most couples. (drugs.com)
The main symptom of infertility is not getting pregnant. (drugs.com)
You probably don't need to see a doctor about infertility unless you have been trying regularly to get pregnant for at least one year. (drugs.com)
Giuliana Rancic does not want women to feel ashamed over infertility and she questions the Hollywood idea that the elite get pregnant the "old-fashioned" way. (sheknows.com)
Background: 26 years old, never been pregnant, off birth control for over a year, trying to conceive with husband, on an SSRI (Lexapro) for depression, no family history of ob/gyn issues or infertility, only health issue is mild anemia (hgb usually 10-11 range), hardly ever experience PMS symptoms, cycles have been slightly irregular past 3 months but usually 26-27 days like clockwork. (medhelp.org)
In humans, infertility is the inability to become pregnant after one year of intercourse without contraception involving a male and female partner. (wikipedia.org)

About 25 percent of couples experience infertility at some point in their lives. (healthcentral.com)
Are men or women more likely to experience infertility? (parents.com)
Women who eat less fruit and more fast food are less likely to conceive within a year and more likely to experience infertility , according to new study. (usatoday.com)
The communication breakdown that the Kleins describe is extremely common for couples that experience infertility. (redbookmag.com)
Men and women both experience infertility. (rush.edu)
At least 12 percent of all couples trying to have a baby experience infertility, which affect men and women equally. (virtua.org)
While previous research found that up to 20% of couples in Western countries experience infertility, women with MS typically do not have diminished fertility except in those treated with cyclophosphamide or high-dose corticosteroids. (redorbit.com)

Infertility problems and miscarriage rates increase significantly after 35 years of age. (medlineplus.gov)
Large fibroids may narrow the uterine cavity and lead to miscarriage or infertility. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Now a mother through adoption, she continues to offer support and resources for other women navigating infertility and miscarriage. (healthline.com)
Three researchers at Biolab, John McLaren Howard, et al, found a correlation between low red cell magnesium and selenium and a history of unexplained infertility or early miscarriage. (healthy.net)
1: 49-57) McLaren Howard demonstrates that a deficiency of magnesium has been scientifically associated with infertility , an increased miscarriage rate and increased incidence of premature or small babies. (healthy.net)

Suspected male factor infertility (e.g. history of testicular trauma, hernia surgery, chemotherapy, or infertility with another partner). (cdc.gov)

Lots of things can lead to infertility, and it can affect people of all sexes and ages. (plannedparenthood.org)
They cause internal bleeding and pain and can lead to infertility. (medic8.com)
What you might not know is that STDs can sometimes lead to infertility. (healthcentral.com)
As a result, not fertilization will lead to infertility. (selfgrowth.com)

Some of these options include, but are not limited to, IVF, IUI, GIFT, ZIFT, Ovulation drugs such as Clomid, and tubal surgery.There are also options for male factor infertility such as treatment with fertility drugs, surgery and ART procedures. (angelfire.com)
Infertility is most commonly caused by problems with ovulation, the monthly release of an egg. (www.nhs.uk)
Most cases of infertility are caused by problems with ovulation. (hhs.gov)
Lack of ovulation is the primary cause of infertility in women. (healthline.com)
Mayo Clinic states that up to 25 percent of female infertility is caused by problems with ovulation. (healthline.com)

[4] X Research source In this sense, it is difficult to recognize the physical symptoms of male infertility. (wikihow.com)
The major female infertility symptoms are the inability to conceive a baby. (selfgrowth.com)

The male partner contributes to about 40 percent of cases of infertility. (healthcentral.com)
Mechanisms involved in the proper regulation of genomic and chromosomal variants [ 18 , 19 ] associated with infertility in individuals having bad obstetric history (BOH) or repeated spontaneous abortions (RSA) and idiopathic cases of infertility remain largely unknown, although an understanding of the possible causes is beginning to emerge [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)

Many couples who struggle with infertility do end up having children, sometimes with medical help. (cdc.gov)
Behind their newlywed smiles, Shania and husband Frederic Thiebaud are hiding their painful struggle with infertility. (hollywoodlife.com)
host Giuliana Rancic and her husband, Bill Rancic , decided to use their reality series, Giuliana and Bill , as a platform to show their struggle with infertility. (sheknows.com)

Both men and women can contribute to infertility. (cdc.gov)
A fertility specialist, or Reproductive Endocrinologist, is a medical doctor who has been specially trained in the complex issues that can contribute to infertility. (prweb.com)
Of the nearly 4 million men who seek help, 18 percent have physical problems that contribute to infertility. (womenshealth.gov)
As women's fertility decreases with age, age can also contribute to infertility. (bidmc.org)

The test results will give clues to the type of infertility and ultimately a treatment plan to overcome the problem. (abc.net.au)
Almost 9% of men aged 25 to 44 years in the United States reported that they or their partner saw a doctor for advice, testing, or treatment for infertility during their lifetime. (cdc.gov)
However, many couples do use herbs as one helpful use in the treatment of infertility. (angelfire.com)
The use of herbs is not to be taken as the be all to end all for infertility treatment. (angelfire.com)
About 35-40% of the issues among couples are caused by infertile conditions in male nowadays.There are a number of treatment options available for male infertility. (slideshare.net)
Treatment depends on the cause of infertility. (medlineplus.gov)
What Treatment Options Are Available for Male Infertility? (medlineplus.gov)
Treatment options vary depending on the cause of infertility. (massgeneral.org)
This fellowship training is highly specialized to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of infertility and female endocrinology. (prweb.com)
Although the demand for infertility treatment is rising, the high cost may deter some couples from seeking care. (elsevier.com)
Likewise, nearly 4 million men 25 to 44 have seen a doctor for advice, testing, or treatment for infertility during their lifetime. (womenshealth.gov)
The InterNational Council for Infertility Information Dissemination (INCIID -- pronounced "inside") has the first and only national program designed to help individuals and couples -- From INCIID the Heart -- It provides an In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Scholarship to those in need through donations of funds and treatment from professional members, and consumers. (inciid.org)
If you are diagnosed with infertility, your doctor might recommend treatment options depending on your specific circumstances. (uhc.com)
Unexplained infertility can be really frustrating, but there are still usually treatment options that you can try. (plannedparenthood.org)
J.F. Shulman and S. Shulman, Methyl prednisolone treatment of immunologenic infertility in the male, Fertil Steril 38:591 (1981). (springer.com)
This study will be a prospective study to measure salivary and serum estrogen and progesterone levels in subject's voluntarily undergoing monitored infertility treatment cycles including controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) with oral agents or gonadotropins and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for in vitro fertilization (IVF). (centerwatch.com)
She shares her experience with infertility and conception on her blog, where visitors will find information relating to diagnoses, surrogacy, treatment options, helpful guides, medications, tests and surgeries, and loss. (healthline.com)
Introduction: Uterus transplantation (UTx) is the only causative treatment for congenital or acquired uterus absence, i.e. absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI). (centerwatch.com)
We hear you, the cost of infertility diagnosis , treatment and associated medications can be extremely high, but finding specific infertility financing programs can be difficult. (resolve.org)
RESOLVE has compiled the following list of infertility financing programs and services available to consumers to help pay for reproductive health medical treatment and medications. (resolve.org)
Through testing, you may be able to identify the infertility cause and determine which fertility treatment would be most successful. (rush.edu)
Rush providers base your treatment plan on what's causing your infertility, how long you've experienced infertility, your age and certain personal preferences. (rush.edu)
Our reproductive endocrinologists are board-certified obstetrician/gynecologists (OB/GYNs) with advanced education and training in the diagnosis and treatment of reproductive disorders and infertility in women and men. (virtua.org)
Researchers in Argentina report that women with multiple sclerosis (MS) who undergo assisted reproduction technology (ART) infertility treatment are at risk for increased disease activity. (redorbit.com)
To further understand the impact of infertility treatment on MS disease activity, researchers analyzed clinical, radiological, and immune response data in 16 MS patients who were subject to 26 ART cycles. (redorbit.com)
Results show that 75% of MS patients experienced disease exacerbation following infertility treatment. (redorbit.com)
Our findings indicate a significant increase in MS disease activity following infertility treatment," concludes Dr. Correale. (redorbit.com)
21. Microsurgical treatment of male infertility Edmund S. Sabanegh Jr. and Anthony J. Thomas Jr. (cambridge.org)
Infertility treatment can be physically uncomfortable, time-consuming, exhausting, and costly - all without a guarantee of success. (medicinenet.com)
The infertility experience for many can range from multiple diagnostic procedures through progressively more aggressive treatment options, all of which impose demands upon the emotional and physical self. (medicinenet.com)
It's no wonder that many women experience severe stress, depression, or anxiety during treatment for infertility. (medicinenet.com)
According to Yoichi Gondo, who led the research group, "If based on these results, we can confirm a link between infertility and this gene, this could lead to a path for the early detection and treatment based on the genetic diagnosis of the infertility. (eurekalert.org)
Infertility treatment can involve years of powerful drugs, hormone injections, and an alphabet soup of such invasive procedures as IVF (in vitro fertilization), GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer), and ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer). (parenting.com)
Part of the reason may be that the long ordeal of infertility treatment inspires many parents to invest extra effort in disciplining their kids. (parenting.com)
She asks whether other medical treatment options might be available for her infertility. (jci.org)
The Massachusetts General Hospital Male Infertility Program helps couples conceive by using the least invasive treatment approaches possible. (massgeneral.org)
Female infertility treatment has made it possible for a woman experiencing infertility. (selfgrowth.com)
If you are facing difficulty in conceiving then you should not delay for infertility treatment. (selfgrowth.com)
Female infertility treatment is mainly based upon the cause, age and how long you have been struggling to conceive a child. (selfgrowth.com)
Infertility is a complex issue which involves proper treatment and time commitments. (selfgrowth.com)
For Female Infertility Treatment , You need to consult a fertility specialist at Indira IVF for an appropriate solution. (selfgrowth.com)
This general division allows an appropriate workup of potential underlying causes of infertility and helps define a course of action for treatment. (medscape.com)
A reproductive endocrinologist and infertility doctor focuses on factors involved in fertility and recommends appropriate treatment methods. (healthgrades.com)
One definition of infertility that is frequently used in the United States by reproductive endocrinologists, doctors who specialize in infertility, to consider a couple eligible for treatment is: a woman under 35 has not conceived after 12 months of contraceptive-free intercourse. (wikipedia.org)

Although 1 in 12 couples face infertility problems when trying to conceive a child. (angelfire.com)
Infertility is the diminished ability to conceive a child. (medicinenet.com)

Many couples are turning to acupuncture to treat infertility. (medhelp.org)
Can massage therapy treat infertility? (foxnews.com)
There are multiple medicines that may be used to treat infertility in women. (medicinenet.com)
Does acupuncture treat infertility? (reference.com)

Learn more about the major risk factors for infertility. (webmd.com)
One of the biggest risk factors for infertility is age. (healthline.com)

An important early step is understanding possible causes of infertility. (cdc.gov)
This page covers the possible causes of infertility in men and women. (www.nhs.uk)
There are lots of possible causes of infertility. (plannedparenthood.org)

There are many causes for infertility that should be medically treated, such as PCOS, Endometriosis, blocked tubes, and uterine fibroids. (angelfire.com)

Both infertility and subfertility are defined as the inability to conceive after a certain period of time (the length of which vary), so often the two terms overlap. (wikipedia.org)
Infertility is the diminished ability or the inability to conceive and have offspring. (medicinenet.com)
Infertility has previously been defined as the inability to conceive after a passage of twelve months of unprotected intercourse by a couple [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

Immunological Aspects of Infertility and Fertility Regulation , D.S. Dhindsa & G.F.B. Schumacher, eds, Elsevier/North-Holland, New York, 205 (1980). (springer.com)
Immunology Aspects of Infertility and Fertility Regulation , D.S. Dhindsa & G.F.B. Schumacher, eds. (springer.com)
A blog devoted to "Christian encouragement during infertility," Amateur Nester does a great job of detailing the emotional, physical, and financial aspects of infertility. (healthline.com)

The mechanisms by which endometriosis may cause infertility is not clearly understood, particularly when the extent of endometriosis is low. (wikipedia.org)
For this reason it is preferable to speak of "endometriosis-associated infertility" rather than any definite "infertility caused by endometriosis" by the same reason that association does not imply causation . (wikipedia.org)
Surgery is more effective for infertility than medicinal intervention in endometriosis. (wikipedia.org)
[6] The use of medical suppression after surgery for minimal/mild endometriosis has not shown benefits for patients with infertility. (wikipedia.org)
Endometriosis is a leading cause of infertility and typically impacts women between 25 and 40 years of age. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
#Endometriosis is more common in women who are experiencing # infertility than in fertile women. (twitter.com)
Top Chef host and model Padma Lakshmi has overcome the shame she felt about her struggle with endometriosis and now supports other women facing the infertility-causing condition. (hollywoodlife.com)

Though it is often thought of as a woman's problem, infertility can affect both men and women. (cdc.gov)
These being only female factors of infertility, it is false to assume that infertility is only a woman's problem. (angelfire.com)
Is infertility just a woman's problem? (cdc.gov)
No, infertility is not always a woman's problem. (cdc.gov)
It's pretty much an even split, despite persistent misconceptions that infertility is a "woman's problem. (parents.com)

Infertility is defined by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) as a disease of the reproductive system that impairs the body's ability to perform the basic function of reproduction. (massgeneral.org)

Subfertility or infertility is a common problem in couples. (bellaonline.com)

Primary infertility is infertility in a couple who have never had a child. (wikipedia.org)
A - 26 years old primary infertile woman without any significant infertility etiology but with bilateral large paraovarian cysts. (youtube.com)
The infertility can be primary or secondary. (bellaonline.com)
This is another reason it's very important for men to be evaluated by a urologist who's specially trained in male infertility," said Williams, noting that the common route of the man being evaluated by his primary care doctor or his partner's OB/GYN is often not enough. (go.com)
Primary infertility is a state where a couple is never able to conceive even after unprotected intercourse. (selfgrowth.com)
However, it is not as pressuring as primary infertility. (selfgrowth.com)

WomensHealth.gov , approximately one-third of infertile couples have problems with female infertility. (healthline.com)
[1] X Research source Out of every five infertile couples, one couple will experience reproductive problems as a result of male infertility. (wikihow.com)
Globally, about 10% of infertile couples have unexplained infertility. (wikipedia.org)

Before you learn about the causes of female infertility, it is necessary to understand the types of infertility among men and women. (selfgrowth.com)

Couples with infertility should consider making an appointment with a reproductive endocrinologist-a doctor who specializes in managing infertility. (cdc.gov)
In about 35% of couples with infertility, a male factor is found with or without a female factor. (cdc.gov)
In about 8% of couples with infertility, a male factor is the only cause found. (cdc.gov)

[3] 20-30% of infertility cases are due to male infertility , 20-35% are due to female infertility , and 25-40% are due to combined problems in both parts. (wikipedia.org)
[4] The most common cause of female infertility is ovulatory problems which generally manifest themselves by sparse or absent menstrual periods. (wikipedia.org)
Conditions affecting any one of these organs can contribute to female infertility. (cdc.gov)
PCOS is the most common cause of female infertility. (cdc.gov)
Although advanced age plays a much more important role in predicting female infertility, couples in which the male partner is 40 years old or older are more likely to report difficulty conceiving. (cdc.gov)
What is female infertility? (hhs.gov)
Are there tests for female infertility? (hhs.gov)
Female infertility can stem from a number of causes. (healthline.com)
Couples are evaluated for male and female factor infertility issues simultaneously," he said. (go.com)
Approximately 35% of infertility is due to a female factor and 35% is due to a male factor. (prweb.com)
Couples with male factor fertility paid around $9,404 more than those with female factor infertility only. (elsevier.com)
When someone wants to understand how #insulinresistance causes #PCOS (leading female # infertility ), I generally reference this figure showing that theca cells (of the ovary) increase #testosterone production by ~14X with #insulin stimulation. (twitter.com)
These findings suggest that a proportion of female infertility is attributable to subclinical PID and indicate that current therapies for sexually transmitted diseases are inadequate for prevention of infertility. (nih.gov)
If we talk about female infertility, the most common reason is late marriages. (selfgrowth.com)
PCOS: It is the most common reason for female infertility. (selfgrowth.com)

In the UK, previous NICE guidelines defined infertility as failure to conceive after regular unprotected sexual intercourse for 2 years in the absence of known reproductive pathology. (wikipedia.org)
Infertility is also defined in specific terms as the failure to conceive after a year of regular intercourse without contraception . (medicinenet.com)
Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after 12 months of regular intercourse in the absence of contraception in a woman less than 35 years of age. (bellaonline.com)

There are blogs devoted to almost every aspect of and response to infertility: donor insemination, donor eggs, surrogacy, in vitro fertilization, intrauterine insemination, and adoption. (thenewatlantis.com)
Potential methods in unexplained infertility include oral ovarian stimulation agents (such as clomifene citrate, anastrozole or letrozole) as well as intrauterine insemination (IUI), intracervical insemination (ICI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). (wikipedia.org)
Rather, it is recommended that in vitro fertilization should be offered to women with unexplained infertility when they have not conceived after two years of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. (wikipedia.org)

Existing definitions of infertility lack uniformity, rendering comparisons in prevalence between countries or over time problematic. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, data estimating the prevalence of infertility cited by various sources differs significantly. (wikipedia.org)
Obesity in men is associated with infertility in numerous studies, and the temporal trend for a decline in semen parameters parallels the increasing prevalence of obesity in the developed world. (medscape.com)
The prevalence of infertility has been estimated at 9% worldwide. (centerwatch.com)

About one-third of infertility cases are caused by fertility problems in women, and another one-third of fertility problems are due to fertility problems in men. (hhs.gov)
There is an increasing occurrence of infertility, with one in six couples experiencing fertility problems. (health.gov.au)

A study from the State University of New York at Stony Brook was published in the Journal of Urology in 1998 where 97 men with infertility were examined to see if their underwear choice made a difference. (go.com)
The results, published in The Journal of Urology ® , will help inform couples who seek infertility care and the physicians who counsel them. (elsevier.com)

The most common treatable cause of male factor infertility is called varicocele," said Dr. Dan Williams, director of male reproductive medicine and surgery at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. (go.com)
Several studies have previously identified gene deletions and polymorphisms associated with male factor infertility. (hindawi.com)
Deletions in the Azoospermia Factor C ( AZFc , OMIM #415000) region of the long arm of the Y chromosome proximal to the large heterochromatic block, including polymorphisms and deletions in the Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9 and Y-linked ( USP9Y, OMIM #400005) gene [ 16 ], have been identified as the most common cause of male factor infertility, particularly spermatogenic failure [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)

Having infertility problems, in most cases, does not mean the end of conceiving. (angelfire.com)
Inshallah this will be beneficial for all, and some negative outlooks on barren women, and infertility problems can become a thing of the past for our ummah. (angelfire.com)
Infertility can happen if there are problems with any of these steps. (womenshealth.gov)
Both women and men can have problems that cause infertility. (womenshealth.gov)
About one-third of infertility cases are caused by women's problems. (womenshealth.gov)
In the balance of cases, infertility results from problems in both partners or the cause of the infertility cannot be explained. (prweb.com)
These problems are compounded by the lack of comprehensive infertility insurance coverage in the United States. (elsevier.com)
The microfluidic technique could be used to diagnose recombination problems, which are thought to be one of the causes of male infertility, says Wang. (newscientist.com)
During the initial consult, both partners will be evaluated for infertility problems. (upmc.com)
Male infertility problems can occur when sperms are limited in number or function. (hindawi.com)
Some health problems also increase the risk of infertility. (athealth.com)
Infertility can be due to the woman (33%), the man (33%) and by both sexes or due to unknown problems (33%), approximately. (medicinenet.com)
In some cases, a man with infertility may have some signs of hormonal problems, such as changes in hair growth or sexual function. (drugs.com)

A series of tests will establish if there is a hormonal basis for the couple's infertility this may be corrected by hormonal supplements. (abc.net.au)
Supplementing with progesterone (I prefer sublingual progesterone over topical creams) can do wonders for so many women who are struggling with infertility, miscarriages, PMS, hot flashes, night sweats, and other hormonal imbalances. (cbn.com)
I encourage anyone who is struggling with infertility, PMS, or other hormonal issues to take anywhere from 7-11 saliva samples to get a clear and accurate picture of your monthly cycle. (cbn.com)
In addition, ultrasound, karyotyping, and hormonal studies are needed to determine specific causes of infertility. (hindawi.com)

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a major cause of tubal infertility. (healthline.com)
The reported incidence of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) has decreased but rates of tubal infertility have not, suggesting that a large proportion of PID leading to infertility may be undetected. (nih.gov)

What causes infertility in women? (cdc.gov)

A diagnosis of male infertility typically happens after testing of both partners and finding fertility trouble in the male. (wikihow.com)

Understanding these altered epigenetic states at the genomic level along with higher order organisation of chromatin in genes associated with infertility and pericentromeric regions of chromosomes, particularly 9 and Y, could further identify causes of idiopathic infertility. (hindawi.com)

CBN.com The rate of infertility, miscarriages, and C-sections are at an all-time high. (cbn.com)
Stress, as it does in so many areas of our lives, interferes with the reproductive process and is a major cause for infertility and miscarriages. (cbn.com)

Infertility is a common problem of about 10% of women aged 15 to 44. (medicinenet.com)

Infertility investigations will vary according to the couple's particular problem. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Because conventional medicine has so little understanding of the cause of infertility, they tend to hand out fertility drugs indiscriminately, at the couple's first sign of problem in conceiving, or subject the couple to a barrage of risky tests. (healthy.net)

Infertility in men can be caused by different factors and is typically evaluated by a semen analysis. (cdc.gov)
Instead, a semen analysis helps determine if and how male factors are contributing to infertility. (cdc.gov)

Infertility is a common disease of the reproductive system that affects both women and men. (womenshealth.gov)

Anatomy36

Organisms6

Diseases63

Chemicals and Drugs24

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment60

Psychiatry and Psychology9

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena6

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care23

Geographicals5

Recombinant follicle stimulating hormone: development of the first biotechnology product for the treatment of infertility. Recombinant Human FSH Product Development Group. (1/1211)

The clinical efficacy of low-dose step-up follicle stimulating hormone administration for treatment of unexplained infertility. (2/1211)

Infertility services and managed care. (3/1211)

Parentage testing implications of male fertility after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (4/1211)

Effects of mutations in DNA repair genes on formation of ribosomal DNA circles and life span in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (5/1211)

The Caenorhabditis elegans mel-11 myosin phosphatase regulatory subunit affects tissue contraction in the somatic gonad and the embryonic epidermis and genetically interacts with the Rac signaling pathway. (6/1211)

How concordant are the estimated rates of natural conception and in-vitro fertilization/embryo transfer success? (7/1211)

Intrauterine insemination treatment in subfertility: an analysis of factors affecting outcome. (8/1211)

Infertility

Infertility, Male

Infertility, Female

Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

Fallopian Tube Diseases

Spermatozoa

Azoospermia

Fertility

Fertilization in Vitro

Pregnancy

Oligospermia

Spermatogenesis

Sperm Count

Sperm Motility

Endometriosis

Hysterosalpingography

Varicocele

Semen

Semen Analysis

Reproductive Techniques

Pregnancy Rate

Clomiphene

Testis

Anovulation

Asthenozoospermia

Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

Ovulation Induction

Reproductive Medicine

Chromosomes, Human, Y

Fertility Agents, Female

Insemination, Artificial

Pregnancy Outcome

Embryo Transfer

Insemination, Artificial, Homologous

Fallopian Tubes

Ovary

Sex Chromosome Aberrations

Orchitis

Fertilization

Uterine Diseases

Embryo Implantation

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Seminal Plasma Proteins

Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development

Y Chromosome

Fallopian Tube Patency Tests

Abnormal Karyotype

Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Andrology

Testicular Diseases

Endometrium

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Chlamydia Infections

Fertility Agents

Ovarian Diseases

Epididymis

Abortion, Spontaneous

Ovulation

Chlamydia trachomatis

Oocytes

Pregnancy, Multiple

Abortion, Habitual

Uterus

Tuberculosis, Female Genital

Sperm Banks

Hysteroscopy

Birth Rate

Contraception, Immunologic

Tissue Adhesions

Sertoli Cells

Gonadotropins

Social Alienation

Live Birth

Cryopreservation

Reproductive Behavior

Klinefelter Syndrome

Ejaculation

Spermatids

Vasovasostomy