Encyclopedias as Topic
Pharmacopoeias as Topic
Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus
Fermentation
Metanephrine
Burden of infection on growth failure. (1/2636)
The high prevalence of infections among children living in poor areas of developing countries impairs linear growth in these populations. Acute, invasive infections, which provoke a systemic response (e.g., dysentery and pneumonia), and chronic infections, which affect the host over a sustained period (e.g., gut helminth infections), have a substantial effect on linear growth. Such infections can diminish linear growth by affecting nutritional status. This occurs because infections may decrease food intake, impair nutrient absorption, cause direct nutrient losses, increase metabolic requirements or catabolic losses of nutrients and, possibly, impair transport of nutrients to target tissues. In addition, induction of the acute phase response and production of proinflammatory cytokines may directly affect the process of bone remodeling that is required for long bone growth. Infection of cells directly involved in bone remodeling (osteoclasts or osteoblasts) by specific viruses may also directly affect linear growth. Many interventions are possible to diminish the effect of infection on growth. Prevention of disease through sanitation, vector control, promotion of breast-feeding and vaccination is crucial. Appropriate treatment of infections (e.g., antibiotics for pneumonia) as well as supportive nutritional therapy (again including breast-feeding) during and after recovery, is also important. Targeted therapeutic interventions to decrease the prevalence of gut helminth infections may also be appropriate in areas in which such infections are widespread. Such interventions are of public health benefit not only because they reduce the incidence or severity of infections, but also because they decrease the long-term detrimental effect of malnutrition on populations. (+info)Time sequential chemotherapy for primary refractory or relapsed adult acute myeloid leukemia: results of the phase II Gemia protocol. (2/2636)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: High-dose cytarabine (HDAra-C), mitoxantrone and etoposide are the mainstay of several active regimens against relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We designed a phase II study to assess the efficacy and side effects of a time sequential application of mitoxantrone plus intermediate-dose Ara-C followed by HDAra-C plus etoposide (GEMIA) in adult patients with refractory or relapsed AML. DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with refractory or relapsed AML were eligible for GEMIA salvage therapy, which comprised mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2/day on days 1-3, Ara-C 500 mg/m2/day as a 24-hour continuous infusion on days 1-3, followed by HDAra-C 2 g/m2/12-hourly on days 6-8 and etoposide 100 mg/m2/12-hourly on days 6-8. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was started on day 14. In patients above the age of 55 the dose of Ara-C in the first sequence (days 1-3) was reduced to 250 mg/m2. RESULTS: Twenty patients were included, of whom 12 achieved complete remission after GEMIA (60%, 95% CI 40-80%), one was refractory and five died early from infection. Two additional patients achieved partial remission after GEMIA and complete remission after consolidation chemotherapy, for a final CR rate of 70% (95% CI 48-88%). Neutrophils recovered at a median of 27 days (range, 22-43) and platelets 46 days (range, 25-59) after the start of treatment. The median duration of remission was 133 days (range, 36-417+) whereas overall survival time lasted for a median of 153 days (range, 13-554+). Treatment-associated toxicity was comprised predominantly of infection, mucositis and diarrhea that reached World Health Organization grades III-V in 40%, 40% and 30% of patients, respectively. Despite the intention to rapidly proceed to a hematopoietic stem cell transplant in patients in remission, only five patients reached the transplant. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: The GEMIA time sequential chemotherapy regimen appears effective in obtaining remissions in refractory and relapsed adult AML. The high toxicity seen, however, suggests that its design is amenable to further improvements, especially in more elderly patients. Since remissions are short-lived, more innovative post-remission strategies are needed. (+info)Diagnostic approach to lymph node enlargement. (3/2636)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: How to reach the correct diagnosis of a lymph node enlargement is still a problem which strongly challenges the knowledge and experience of the clinician. Organized and specifically oriented literature on the right sequential steps and the logical criteria that should guide this diagnostic approach is still lacking. METHODS: The authors have tried to exploit available knowledge and their personal experience by correlating a large body of information regarding size, physical characteristics, anatomical location of enlarged lymph nodes, and the possible epidemiological, environmental, occupational and clinical categorization of this condition. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: It was intended that such material would have constituted the basis of a hypothetic decision-making tree, but this was impossible because of the lack of epidemiological investigation and registry data. Nevertheless, we present this preparatory work here in order to stimulate the interest of concerned readers and because of its possible direct usefulness in hematologic practice. (+info)Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in hematologic complete remission. (4/2636)
The authors describe the cases of three patients affected by acute myeloid leukemia, in complete remission, who rapidly developed neurologic symptoms leading to death. Neither clinical characteristics, nor radiological or microbiological procedures, allowed an etiological diagnosis of the neurologic syndrome. Post-mortem examination of the brain showed both macroscopic and microscopic findings compatible with acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis. The difficulty in distinguishing this entity from other CNS disease-related complications (e.g. leukemia infiltration, drug toxicity, hemorrhages) should not lead to an underestimation of the true incidence of this complication. We believe that with more attention to the possibility of this complication there would probably be both a greater possibility of collecting clinical informations about the real impact of this dramatic disease and a stronger hope of finding the right treatment for it. (+info)Early childhood infection and atopic disorder. (5/2636)
BACKGROUND: Atopy is of complex origins but the recent rise in atopic diseases in westernized communities points to the action of important environmental effects. One candidate mechanism is the changing pattern of microbial exposure in childhood. This epidemiological study investigated the relationship between childhood infections and subsequent atopic disease, taking into account a range of social and medical variables. METHODS: A total of 1934 subjects representing a retrospective 1975-84 birth group at a family doctor practice in Oxfordshire were studied. Public health and practice records were reviewed; temporal records were made of all diagnoses of infections and their treatments, all immunisations, and diagnoses of asthma, hay fever and eczema; maternal atopy and a number of other variables were documented. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis identified three statistically significant predictors of subsequent atopic disease: maternal atopy (1.97, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.66, p < 0.0001), immunisation with whole-cell pertussis vaccine (1.76, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.23, p < 0.0001), and treatment with oral antibiotics in the first two years of life (2.07, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.60, p < 0.0001). There was no significant association found for maternal smoking, bottle feeding, sibship size, or social class. CONCLUSIONS: The prediction of atopic disease by maternal atopy mainly reflects the effect of acknowledged genetic factors. Interpretation of the prediction of atopic disorders by immunisation with wholecell pertussis vaccine and treatment with oral antibiotics needs to be very cautious because of the possibilities of confounding effects and reverse causation. However, plausible immune mechanisms are identifiable for the promotion of atopic disorders by both factors and further investigation of these association is warranted. (+info)Differential tumor necrosis factor alpha production in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques coinfected with Mycobacterium avium. (6/2636)
Mycobacterium avium infections are the third most common opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques naturally acquire M. avium infections from the environment, and their clinical symptoms are similar to those observed in AIDS patients. We characterized concurrent infection with SIV and M. avium in monkeys on the basis of the growth of the bacteria in macrophages (Mphis) from rhesus macaques and the ability of M. avium to induce SIV replication and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production. The simian M. avium isolate grew significantly better than did an isolate from an AIDS patient or a chicken isolate (P = .001); it induced significantly more TNF-alpha production in Mphis from SIV-positive and SIV-negative monkeys than did the isolate from an AIDS patient (P = .013). No significant increase in SIV replication was seen in the M. avium isolates, and no correlation was found between increased SIV replication and increased TNF-alpha production. In addition, Mphis from monkeys infected with M. avium during late-stage SIV disease produced less TNF-alpha when stimulated with virulent M. avium. (+info)Study of infectious intestinal disease in England: rates in the community, presenting to general practice, and reported to national surveillance. The Infectious Intestinal Disease Study Executive. (7/2636)
OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence and aetiology of infectious intestinal disease in the community and presenting to general practitioners. Comparison with incidence and aetiology of cases reaching national laboratory based surveillance. DESIGN: Population based community cohort incidence study, general practice based incidence studies, and case linkage to national laboratory surveillance. SETTING: 70 general practices throughout England. PARTICIPANTS: 459 975 patients served by the practices. Community surveillance of 9776 randomly selected patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of infectious intestinal disease in community and reported to general practice. RESULTS: 781 cases were identified in the community cohort, giving an incidence of 19.4/100 person years (95% confidence interval 18.1 to 20.8). 8770 cases presented to general practice (3.3/100 person years (2.94 to 3.75)). One case was reported to national surveillance for every 1.4 laboratory identifications, 6.2 stools sent for laboratory investigation, 23 cases presenting to general practice, and 136 community cases. The ratio of cases in the community to cases reaching national surveillance was lower for bacterial pathogens (salmonella 3.2:1, campylobacter 7.6:1) than for viruses (rotavirus 35:1, small round structured viruses 1562:1). There were many cases for which no organism was identified. CONCLUSIONS: Infectious intestinal disease occurs in 1 in 5 people each year, of whom 1 in 6 presents to a general practitioner. The proportion of cases not recorded by national laboratory surveillance is large and varies widely by microorganism. Ways of supplementing the national laboratory surveillance system for infectious intestinal diseases should be considered. (+info)Clinical and scientific importance of source control in abdominal infections: summary of a symposium. (8/2636)
In May 1997, a panel of surgeon-investigators met to discuss the clinical importance and research implications of controlling the source of abdominal infections. It was concluded that source control is critical to therapeutic success and that antimicrobial therapy and other adjunctive interventions will fail if the source of infection is not controlled by resection, exteriorization or other means. The panelists presented different definitions of source control, depending on the scientific purpose of the definition. All participants agreed that failure to consider the adequacy of source control of infection has limited the value of most clinical trials of therapeutic anti-infective agents. Besides recognizing source control as an essential goal of patient care, the panelists emphasized the need for further investigative work to define, record and stratify the adequacy of source control in clinical trials of therapeutic agents for abdominal infections. (+info)An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Hemagglutinins are glycoprotein spikes found on the surface of influenza viruses. They play a crucial role in the viral infection process by binding to sialic acid receptors on host cells, primarily in the respiratory tract. After attachment, hemagglutinins mediate the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes, allowing the viral genome to enter the host cell and initiate replication.
There are 18 different subtypes of hemagglutinin (H1-H18) identified in influenza A viruses, which naturally infect various animal species, including birds, pigs, and humans. The specificity of hemagglutinins for particular sialic acid receptors can influence host range and tissue tropism, contributing to the zoonotic potential of certain influenza A virus subtypes.
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays are commonly used in virology and epidemiology to measure the antibody response to influenza viruses and determine vaccine effectiveness. In these assays, hemagglutinins bind to red blood cells coated with sialic acid receptors, forming a diffuse mat of cells that can be observed visually. The addition of specific antisera containing antibodies against the hemagglutinin prevents this binding and results in the formation of discrete buttons of red blood cells, indicating a positive HI titer and the presence of neutralizing antibodies.
A pharmacopoeia is a book or electronic resource that contains official standards and information regarding the quality, purity, composition, and testing of medicines, drugs, and other medical substances. It is used as a reference by healthcare professionals, pharmacists, and manufacturers to ensure the safety, efficacy, and consistency of medications.
Pharmacopoeias often include monographs for individual drugs, which specify their proper manufacturing process, dosage forms, and acceptable limits for impurities or degradation products. They may also provide guidelines for the preparation and compounding of medicinal formulations.
Pharmacopoeias are established and maintained by national or international organizations, such as the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), the European Pharmacopoeia (EP), and the British Pharmacopoeia (BP). These organizations regularly update their pharmacopoeias to reflect advances in medical research, new drug approvals, and changes in regulatory requirements.
In summary, a pharmacopoeia is an essential resource for maintaining the quality and safety of medicines and drugs, providing standardized guidelines and reference materials for healthcare professionals and manufacturers alike.
Hemagglutinin (HA) glycoproteins are surface proteins found on influenza viruses. They play a crucial role in the virus's ability to infect and spread within host organisms.
The HAs are responsible for binding to sialic acid receptors on the host cell's surface, allowing the virus to attach and enter the cell. After endocytosis, the viral and endosomal membranes fuse, releasing the viral genome into the host cell's cytoplasm.
There are several subtypes of hemagglutinin (H1-H18) identified so far, with H1, H2, and H3 being common in human infections. The significant antigenic differences among these subtypes make them important targets for the development of influenza vaccines. However, due to their high mutation rate, new vaccine formulations are often required to match the circulating virus strains.
In summary, hemagglutinin glycoproteins on influenza viruses are essential for host cell recognition and entry, making them important targets for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of influenza infections.
Fermentation is a metabolic process in which an organism converts carbohydrates into alcohol or organic acids using enzymes. In the absence of oxygen, certain bacteria, yeasts, and fungi convert sugars into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and various end products, such as alcohol, lactic acid, or acetic acid. This process is commonly used in food production, such as in making bread, wine, and beer, as well as in industrial applications for the production of biofuels and chemicals.
Metanephrine is a catecholamine metabolite, specifically a derivative of epinephrine (adrenaline). It is formed in the body through the metabolic breakdown of epinephrine by the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Metanephrines, including metanephrine and normetanephrine, are primarily produced in the adrenal glands but can also be found in other tissues in smaller amounts.
Elevated levels of metanephrines in the blood or urine may indicate a pheochromocytoma, a rare tumor originating from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, or a paraganglioma, a similar type of tumor located outside the adrenal glands. These tumors can cause excessive production of catecholamines, including epinephrine and norepinephrine, leading to increased metanephrine levels.
It is essential to differentiate between metanephrine and normetanephrine as they have distinct clinical implications. Normetanephrine is a derivative of norepinephrine (noradrenaline), while metanephrine originates from epinephrine. The measurement of both free metanephrines and normetanephrines in plasma or urine is often used to diagnose and monitor pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.
Hemagglutinins are proteins found on the surface of some viruses, including influenza viruses. They have the ability to bind to specific receptors on the surface of red blood cells, causing them to clump together (a process known as hemagglutination). This property is what allows certain viruses to infect host cells and cause disease. Hemagglutinins play a crucial role in the infection process of influenza viruses, as they facilitate the virus's entry into host cells by binding to sialic acid receptors on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells. There are 18 different subtypes of hemagglutinin (H1-H18) found in various influenza A viruses, and they are a major target of the immune response to influenza infection. Vaccines against influenza contain hemagglutinins from the specific strains of virus that are predicted to be most prevalent in a given season, and induce immunity by stimulating the production of antibodies that can neutralize the virus.
Infection
Aeromonas infection
Odontogenic infection
Opportunistic infection
Staphylococcal infection
Subclinical infection
Pseudomonas infection
Mouth infection
Hookworm infection
Fungal infection
Immaculate Infection
Skin infection
Protozoan infection
Infection vector
Bumblefoot (infection)
Endogenous infection
The Infection
Infection (disambiguation)
Chromobacteriosis infection
Acanthamoeba infection
Pinworm infection
Pneumococcal infection
Infection (journal)
Balamuthia infection
Spillover infection
Infection rate
Adenovirus infection
Breakthrough infection
Nematode infection
Infection ratio
Fungal Eye Infection Statistics | Types of Diseases | Fungal Diseases | CDC
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) - NHS
Infection Control: MedlinePlus
Clostridium difficile Infection | Medscape
CDC Tularemia | Infection Control
Acanthamoeba Infection: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI) Tracking | HAIC Activities | HAI | CDC
Salmonella enteritis Infection
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in WTC Responders - WTC Health Program Research Gateway
HIV infection
Infection - Wikipedia
Infection - Wikipedia
Pinworm infection - Wikipedia
Global Infection Control Industry
Cancer Infection | Lund University Publications
Guidelines Library | Infection Control | CDC
Mechanism that determines the course of infection discovered | Lund University
Cryptococcus neoformans Infection | Encyclopedia.com
References | BSI | Guidelines Library | Infection Control | CDC
Ear Infection Treatments, Antibiotics, & Medications
Viral infection - Latest research and news | Nature
Sex Affects Women's Kidney Infection Risk
Yeast infection Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
S. Korea confirms 1st monkeypox infection
Wound Infection Medication: Antibiotics
20237
- 2023 The most common cause of yeast infections is a fungus called Candida albicans. (merriam-webster.com)
- 2023 Yes, people with penises can get a yeast infection down there-called a penile yeast infection or penile thrush-just as people with vaginas can get a yeast infection. (merriam-webster.com)
- 2023 What is the fastest way to get rid of a vaginal yeast infection ? (merriam-webster.com)
- 2023 If not properly treated, yeast infections can worsen. (merriam-webster.com)
- Elizabeth Pratt, Health , 21 Aug. 2023 This is what makes yeast infections pretty darn regular during pregnancy, explains Dr. Dweck. (merriam-webster.com)
- 2023 According to the Urology Care Foundation, a yeast infection is one of the most common medical annoyances that is caused by an overgrowth of the candida fungus. (merriam-webster.com)
- New HIV infections have fallen steadily over the years, from 14 000 in 2010 to 4800 in 2020, and are projected to drop to 4300 by the end of 2023. (who.int)
Symptoms26
- These symptoms could mean you have a kidney infection , which can be serious if it's not treated as it could cause sepsis . (www.nhs.uk)
- Because urine tests do not always pick up the infection and the symptoms can be similar to other conditions, chronic UTIs can be hard to diagnose. (www.nhs.uk)
- But there's no evidence they help ease symptoms or treat a UTI if the infection has already started. (www.nhs.uk)
- The signs and symptoms of an infection depend on the type of disease. (wikipedia.org)
- As bacterial and viral infections can both cause the same kinds of symptoms, it can be difficult to distinguish which is the cause of a specific infection. (wikipedia.org)
- Prions (although they do not secrete toxins) The signs and symptoms of an infection depend on the type of disease. (wikipedia.org)
- This surgery rarely leads to infection or scarring and usually prevents long-term symptoms. (webmd.com)
- What Are the Signs & Symptoms of a Sinus Infection? (kidshealth.org)
- Sinus infection symptoms can look like those of a simple cold, such as a stuffy or runny nose or a cough that gets worse at night. (kidshealth.org)
- Symptoms that last longer than that or get worse about a week after the cold starts can be a sign of a bacterial sinus infection. (kidshealth.org)
- If your child gets a fever 7-10 days after cold symptoms begin, it could be a sign of a sinus infection or another infection (such as pneumonia or an ear infection). (kidshealth.org)
- Symptoms of a C auris infection are similar to those caused by other fungal infections. (ucsfhealth.org)
- Symptoms of infection are hard to tell apart from other symptoms. (ucsfhealth.org)
- A person's symptoms will differ depending on the type of ear infection they have. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Someone with a chronic ear infection does not usually have any visible symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Norovirus infection symptoms usually last 1 to 3 days. (mayoclinic.org)
- Some people with norovirus infection may show no signs or symptoms. (mayoclinic.org)
- Often, HPV infection doesn't cause any noticeable symptoms or health problems. (healthline.com)
- Learn more about HPV symptoms and infection. (healthline.com)
- Many men who contract an HPV infection have no symptoms, although some may develop genital warts. (healthline.com)
- Like with men, many women that get HPV don't have any symptoms and the infection goes away without causing any health problems. (healthline.com)
- The incubation period (time period between initial infection and development of symptoms) for EBV is unusually long. (medicinenet.com)
- Many EBV infections are diagnosed simply by the symptoms. (medicinenet.com)
- Find out about infections that teens can get, with information about how they're spread, signs & symptoms, when to go to the doctor, and more. (kidshealth.org)
- People may have no symptoms or may have abdominal pain, loss of appetite, diarrhea, bleeding from the intestine, or anemia, depending on the severity of the infection. (msdmanuals.com)
- Mild whipworm infections often cause no symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
Bacterial Infections3
- [12] Distinguishing the two is important, since viral infections cannot be cured by antibiotics whereas bacterial infections can. (wikipedia.org)
- [14] The itching leads to continuously scratching the area around the anus, which can further result in tearing of the skin and complications such as secondary bacterial infections , including bacterial skin inflammation , and hair follicle inflammation . (wikipedia.org)
- bacterial) inhibitors reported to be useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. (bioworld.com)
Antibiotics11
- Short-term antibiotics do not work and urine tests do not show an infection. (www.nhs.uk)
- In these patients, the infection may spread from the intestines to the blood stream, and then to other body sites and can cause death unless the person is treated promptly with antibiotics. (cdc.gov)
- There are still other antibiotics available to treat MRSA infections. (cdc.gov)
- Specific medications used to treat infections include antibiotics , antivirals , antifungals , antiprotozoals , [3] and antihelminthics . (wikipedia.org)
- Often, a virus causes an ear infection, in which case antibiotics won't help. (webmd.com)
- If they think that bacteria might be causing a sinus infection, doctors might wait for a few days to see if it clears up on its own or they may prescribe antibiotics. (kidshealth.org)
- Note: For mild ear infections in older children, antibiotics may not be needed. (seattlechildrens.org)
- Children with ear infections can travel safely by aircraft if they are taking antibiotics. (seattlechildrens.org)
- High fever with chills that does not get better after taking antibiotics may be a sign of a C auris infection. (ucsfhealth.org)
- Facilitating recuperation from the infection and also from the use of antibiotics. (healthy.net)
- ive had courses of antibiotics for the past 3 months they wont take my teeth out until the infection goes. (godlikeproductions.com)
Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections5
- Attributable cost of catheter-associated bloodstream infections among intensive care patients in a nonteaching hospital. (cdc.gov)
- An educational intervention to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections in a non-teeaching community medical center. (cdc.gov)
- A multicenter intervention to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections. (cdc.gov)
- Higuera F, Rosenthal VD, Duarte P, Ruiz J, Franco G, Safdar N. The effect of process control on the incidence of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections and mortality in intensive care units in Mexico. (cdc.gov)
- Catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CABSIs) can be acquired at the time of the initial insertion or anytime throughout the duration of intravenous access - creating the potential for longer hospital stays¹⁻⁵, increased care costs²'⁷ and higher patient mortality⁶. (3m.com)
Antibiotic11
- Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and one of the most common healthcare-associated infections in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- Thus, reducing the number of staph infections caused by MRSA is important in the fight against antibiotic resistance. (cdc.gov)
- Since the onset of the pandemic, healthcare-associated infections and antibiotic-resistant infections have increased, reversing national progress made before 2020. (cdc.gov)
- If, based on the history, your doctor suspects that bacteria may have caused the infection, she may prescribe an antibiotic. (webmd.com)
- Most ear infections are not cured after the first dose of antibiotic. (seattlechildrens.org)
- The antibiotic will kill the bacteria that are causing the ear infection. (seattlechildrens.org)
- Additionally, such data guides the policy on implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs and standardized infection control guidelines. (hindawi.com)
- Knowledge of the pattern of antibiotic resistance prevalent in severe infections could also motivate and direct new drug discovery. (hindawi.com)
- Synthetic Biologics, Inc., a developer of pathogen-specific therapies for serious infections and diseases, with a focus on protecting the microbiome, today announced the initiation of a Phase 2a clinical trial to evaluate the gastrointestinal (GI) antibiotic-degrading effects and the safety of SYN-004, the Company's investigational oral beta-lactamase enzyme designed to protect the microbiome and prevent C. difficile infection (CDI). (news-medical.net)
- Microbiologists and chemists at the University of South Florida have developed and patented a synthetic compound that has shown antibiotic action against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, also known as MRSA, which can cause many serious infections and deaths. (news-medical.net)
- If you r suffering from infection problem i would like to recommend for antibiotic Suprax 200mg tablet that give you instant result. (medhelp.org)
Bacteria10
- bacteria when a skin biopsy sample was positive by qPCR however, bacteria with different genotypes have not been and there was no evidence of infection with another agent. (cdc.gov)
- Coxiella -like bacteria have been associated with infection cal signs (fever, skin eschar, local lymph node enlargement) in birds ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
- Staphylococcus aureus is the scientific name for the bacteria that cause "staph" infections. (cdc.gov)
- Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens , most prominently bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
- If a virus or bacteria are causing the infection and you have to wait for it to get better, you don't need to live with the pain. (webmd.com)
- Infections caused by cephalosporin- or penicillin-resistant gram-negative bacteria may respond to cefoxitin. (medscape.com)
- Listeriosis infection, which comes from eating food contaminated with listeria monocytogenes bacteria, can cause severe illness or even death in vulnerable people. (yahoo.com)
- Viruses cause most ear infections, although sometimes bacteria are the culprit. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Busy day-care centers can also increase the risk of children developing ear infections, as they come into more contact with viruses and bacteria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In a paper published online in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, a multi-institutional research team reports that treatment with the preparation, containing the spores of approximately 50 species of beneficial bacteria, successfully prevented recurrence of C. difficile infection (CDI) in patients with a history of multiple recurrent disease. (news-medical.net)
Epidemiology3
- Cruse PJ, Foord R. The epidemiology of wound infection. (medscape.com)
- Patients have difficulty deciphering complex numeric data on healthcare-associated infections used by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to help consumers choose hospitals, according to a new study published online today in Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, the journal of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). (news-medical.net)
- Diabetic patients are at considerably increased risk for developing surgical site infections (SSIs) while undergoing most types of surgeries, compared to non-diabetic patients, according to a new study published online today in Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, the journal of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. (news-medical.net)
Complications3
- If an infection causes serious complications, fluid remains in the ear for a long time, or your child has ear infections that keep coming back, your doctor might want to do a procedure called a myringotomy . (webmd.com)
- People with untreated or chronic ear infections can develop several complications. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Blood stream infection (BSI) is one of the most devastating preventable complications in Critical Care Units. (hindawi.com)
Nosocomial infections5
- National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System. (medscape.com)
- National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) report, data summary from October 1986-April 1996, issued May 1996. (medscape.com)
- A report from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System. (medscape.com)
- An overview of nosocomial infections, including the role of the microbiology laboratory. (medscape.com)
- They represent about 15% of all nosocomial infections and affect approximately 1% of all hospitalized patients [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Pathogens3
- An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens , their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. (wikipedia.org)
- Infection occurs when the body is exposed to pathogens or organisms that are usually nonpathogenic become a threat for some reason. (healthy.net)
- The impact of biofilms on microbial infection stems from their ability to protect pathogens from antimicrobial drugs and disinfectants (intrinsic resistance), to help to retain nutrients and to protect microbes from host immune responses (antibodies can penetrate biofilms and phagocytes engulf them but the resulting immune reactions are reduced). (ivis.org)
Parasitic infections3
- Belizario V Jr, Delos Trinos JP, Garcia NB, Reyes M. Cutaneous Manifestations of Selected Parasitic Infections in Western Pacific and Southeast Asian Regions. (medscape.com)
- Helminth parasitic infections of the central nervous system: a diagnostic approach. (medscape.com)
- Overview of Parasitic Infections A parasite is an organism that lives on or inside another organism (the host) and benefits (for example, by getting nutrients) from the host at the host's expense. (msdmanuals.com)
Bloodstream infection5
- Increased resource use associated with catheter-related bloodstream infection in the surgical intensive care unit. (cdc.gov)
- The risk of bloodstream infection in adults with different intravascular devices: a systematic review of 200 published prospective studies. (cdc.gov)
- Yoo S, Ha M, Choi D, Pai H. Effectiveness of surveillance of central catheter-related bloodstream infection in an ICU in Korea. (cdc.gov)
- The effect of an education program on the incidence of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection in a medical ICU. (cdc.gov)
- Incorporating evidence-based standards to infusion therapy can help protect against the factors that may lead to increased risk of bloodstream infection. (3m.com)
Fungal infections1
- However, the lack of diagnostic tools for early detection of candidemia and other fungal infections limits the number of studies on this issue. (hindawi.com)
Asymptomatic4
- One-third of individuals with pinworm infection are totally asymptomatic . (wikipedia.org)
- Infections, particularly in pregnancy ternity hospital for the period from January and in the elderly, can be asymptomatic [ 1 ], to June 2002. (who.int)
- Most patients with chronic HCV infection are asymptomatic. (cmaj.ca)
- Infection in men is usually asymptomatic and it is likely that most men resolve infection without developing disease. (nih.gov)
Meningitis3
- But they can cause deeper infections, getting into the bloodstream and spreading around the body to cause abscesses, meningitis, pneumonia, and septicemia. (cdc.gov)
- Older children with Listeria infections frequently develop meningitis. (medscape.com)
- Such infections, meningitis for example, necessitate anti-biotic treatment. (healthy.net)
Healthcare-associated1
- The Clostridioides difficile infection surveillance program is an active population- and laboratory-based surveillance system conducted through CDC's Emerging Infections Program (EIP) Healthcare-Associated Infections Community Interface (HAIC). (cdc.gov)
Vascular catheter2
- Education of physiciansin-training can decrease the risk for vascular catheter infection. (cdc.gov)
- 3M™ Tegaderm™ CHG Chlorhexidine Gluconate I.V. Securement Dressing* is the only transparent dressing cleared by the FDA to reduce catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) and vascular catheter colonization, aligning with evidence-based guidelines and practice standards. (3m.com)
Urinary9
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect your urinary tract, including your bladder (cystitis), urethra (urethritis) or kidneys (kidney infection). (www.nhs.uk)
- If a GP thinks you may have a urinary tract infection (UTI), they may do a urine test, although this is not always needed. (www.nhs.uk)
- ABSTRACT Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common problem in pregnant woman. (who.int)
- Diabetes, urinary incontinence, and a history of a urinary tract infection are also important, according to a study in the Jan. 4 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine. (foxnews.com)
- Recent urinary tract infection. (foxnews.com)
- Women with kidney infections were more than four times as likely to have recently had a urinary tract infection. (foxnews.com)
- Mother with a history of urinary tract infections. (foxnews.com)
- Participants with kidney infections were about 1.5 times as likely to have a mother who had urinary tract infections. (foxnews.com)
- It's likely that infections can travel up to the kidneys from lower parts of the urinary tract, such as the bladder. (foxnews.com)
Prognosis1
- Acanthamoeba keratitis is a sight-threatening infection with a favorable prognosis when diagnosed and treated early, though surgical intervention and/or corneal transplantation may occasionally be necessary. (medscape.com)
Preventing4
- Randomized controlled trial of chlorhexidine dressing and highly adhesive dressing for preventing catheter-related infections in critically ill adults. (cdc.gov)
- So preventing infections of the bladder, which have many of the same risk factors, may help avoid kidney infections, say the researchers. (foxnews.com)
- Preventing acute ear infections can help prevent chronic ear infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- That means cell entry inhibitors, like the acids from hemp, could be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and also to shorten infections by preventing virus particles from infecting human cells. (forbes.com)
Respiratory Infection2
- A BSI is primary when the central line is the only probable source of infection and secondary when there is an underlying cause for the BSI (genitourinary/respiratory infection or any other obvious source of infection in the body). (hindawi.com)
- Those who live with CF patients should also remain 6 feet from anyone with any type of respiratory infection. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Viral infections1
- In general, viral infections are systemic. (wikipedia.org)
Chronic9
- Those with compromised or weakened immune systems have an increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. (wikipedia.org)
- 4 Patients with a positive anti-HCV antibody test require polymerase chain reaction testing for HCV RNA levels to confirm chronic infection. (cmaj.ca)
- 3 Chronic HCV infection develops in about 70% of patients exposed to the virus. (cmaj.ca)
- These are called chronic or recurring ear infections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In this article, we look at the different types of ear infections and what makes them chronic. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- We also discuss the ways to treat and prevent a chronic ear infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Another form of chronic ear infection is called chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Chronic ear infections develop from a long-lasting or recurrent acute ear infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The infection is highly symptomatic, with fever, skin rash and incapacitating arthralgia, which can evolve to chronic arthritis and rheumatism in elderly patients. (medscape.com)
Fever3
- Rarely, a bacterial sinus infection can start suddenly, with a high fever and stuffy nose that lasts for 3-4 days in a child who looks very ill. (kidshealth.org)
- of children with an ear infection will have a fever. (seattlechildrens.org)
- Listeriosis infection usually starts with fever and muscle aches, with the disease then spreading to the blood or central nervous system, causing sudden onset of fever, intense headache, stiff neck, confusion or delirium, convulsions, loss of balance or a coma. (yahoo.com)
Vaginal8
- Newborns acquire Listeria transplacentally, by ascending infection via ruptured amniotic membranes or upon exposure during vaginal delivery. (medscape.com)
- Vaginal yeast infection is also called vaginal candidiasis. (medicinenet.com)
- Boric acid vaginal suppositories were used to treat vaginal infections in the past. (medicinenet.com)
- How to prevent vaginal yeast infections? (medicinenet.com)
- Home remedies may or may not work to treat a vaginal yeast infection . (medicinenet.com)
- RING OF PROTECTION Two large studies find that a vaginal ring containing an antiviral drug can help protect women against HIV infection. (sciencenews.org)
- A vaginal ring infused with an antiviral drug appears to offer protection against HIV infection, although not as much as doctors had predicted. (sciencenews.org)
- Most people get a genital HPV infection through direct sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. (healthline.com)
Yeast infections2
- Home remedies for yeast infections Home remedies to avoid Can a yeast infection go away on its own? (merriam-webster.com)
- In the case of recurrent episodes, the following home remedies can help treat yeast infections. (medicinenet.com)
Difficile infection2
- Results from a Phase 1b/2 trial suggest that an investigational microbiome-based, oral therapeutic drug is effective for the treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection. (news-medical.net)
- Mobidiag Ltd, a Finnish molecular diagnostics company specialized in the development of innovative diagnostics solutions for infectious diseases, today announced the launch of Amplidiag C. difficile+027, a qualitative qPCR-based test performed from DNA extracted from stool in suspected cases of C. difficile infection (CDI). (news-medical.net)
Susceptibility1
- Dose and route of administration depend on condition of patient, severity of infection, and susceptibility of causative organism. (medscape.com)
Contagious3
- Are Sinus Infections Contagious? (kidshealth.org)
- Sinus infections aren't contagious, but they often happen after a person has a cold, and that illness can spread to family and friends. (kidshealth.org)
- Norovirus infection is highly contagious. (mayoclinic.org)
Occur8
- Pinworm infections commonly occur in all parts of the world. (wikipedia.org)
- Kidney infection was nearly four times more likely to occur in women with a history of diabetes. (foxnews.com)
- Fetal infection can occur via transplacental transmission. (medscape.com)
- Vertical transmission can also occur from mother to infant via passage through an infected birth canal or ascending infection through ruptured amniotic membranes. (medscape.com)
- Listeria infections occur most often in newborns and elderly patients. (medscape.com)
- Postnatal infections usually occur in immunocompromised children and are less common than neonatal infections. (medscape.com)
- Frequent ear infections occur in 20% of children. (seattlechildrens.org)
- Because HPV is a skin-to-skin infection, intercourse isn't required for transmission to occur. (healthline.com)
20221
- 2022 In other cases, however, spotting during pregnancy can indicate something else, such as a yeast infection or a miscarriage. (merriam-webster.com)
Organism2
- Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. (wikipedia.org)
- The infection begins in the lungs following the inhalation of the microorganism, particularly the small form of the organism called a basidiospore. (encyclopedia.com)
Person's1
- A healthy person's risk for infection by Salmonella enteritidis is low, even in the northeastern United States, if individually prepared eggs are properly cooked, or foods are made from pasteurized eggs. (cdc.gov)
Acute4
- Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common type of ear infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Acute ear infections happen when the eustachian tube, a tube that runs from the middle ear to the back of the throat, becomes clogged. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Phyto-therapy is not always adequate to deal with severe acute infection, especially in people with a weakened immune response, as it may not work fast enough. (healthy.net)
- The eclectics strongly recommended Wild Indigo ( Baptisia tinctoria ) in combination with Echinacea for acute febrile infections. (healthy.net)
Outbreaks1
- Fungal diseases, including histoplasmosis, continue to produce new respiratory infections during outbreaks or pandemics of other respiratory infections (eg, COVID-19). (cap.org)
Prevention and control2
- Decided to adopt the WHO global strategy on infection prevention and control. (who.int)
- Find guidance on 'Infection prevention and control in Adult Social Care settings' on the Department of Health and Social Care (GOV.uk) webpage. (bromley.gov.uk)
Diagnosis1
- On imaging of the brain, single or multiple ring-enhancing lesions may be appreciated that can resemble brain abscesses, Toxoplasma infection, or other diseases, and as such biopsy may be required for definitive diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Diseases3
- Our conversation is based on his study about trends in invasive MRSA infection in Connecticut, which appears in CDC's journal, Emerging Infectious Diseases . (cdc.gov)
- [4] The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious diseases . (wikipedia.org)
- Diseases caused by helminths are sometimes termed infestations, but are sometimes called infections. (wikipedia.org)
Candida1
- C auris infections often do not get better with the antifungal medicines that usually treat candida infections. (ucsfhealth.org)
Antiviral1
- Any part of the infection and replication cycle is a potential target for antiviral intervention, and the connection of the spike protein's receptor binding domain to the human cell surface receptor ACE2 is a critical step in that cycle," van Breeman said. (forbes.com)
Susceptible3
- Individuals who have a suppressed immune system are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections. (wikipedia.org)
- Second-generation cephalosporin indicated for infections caused by susceptible gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rods. (medscape.com)
- People are considered susceptible to EBV infection if they do not have antibodies to the VCA (viral capsid antigen). (medicinenet.com)
Staph4
- Staph infections most frequently are skin infections, such as boils. (cdc.gov)
- When this happens, staph infections can be life threatening. (cdc.gov)
- Methicillin resistance by itself is not an added problem for the individual who has a staph infection. (cdc.gov)
- It's important to know, though, that staph don't always cause infections. (cdc.gov)
Opportunistic1
- Both studies were released during the annual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Boston, Mass. (sciencenews.org)
Guidelines2
- Retired infection control guidelines can be found on CDC Stacks . (cdc.gov)
- Our center at Johns Hopkins All Children's follows strict guidelines to avoid the spread of infection. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Immune8
- [2] Hosts can fight infections using their immune systems . (wikipedia.org)
- People who are immunocompromised-their immune system is not functioning properly due to infection with, for example, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or deliberate suppression to lessen the rejection of a transplanted organ-can are at particular risk for a potentially fatal infection with C. neoformans . (encyclopedia.com)
- After vaccination, spike-specific CD8 + T cells play an important part in the immediate immune response to breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas the B cell and neutralizing antibody responses come into effect 2 weeks after infection. (nature.com)
- compared the humoral immune responses induced by MPXV infection and Smallpox vaccination. (nature.com)
- A strong immune system can reduce the recurrence of an infection. (medicinenet.com)
- and people with weakened immune systems or other medical conditions or who are pregnant - norovirus infection can be severe. (mayoclinic.org)
- The severely immune-compromised patient is prone to fungal as well as bacterial blood stream infections. (hindawi.com)
- How severe a viral infection is depends on how much the virus is replicating, damaging cells as it does so, and on the response of the immune system. (bioworld.com)
Incidence3
- The exact incidence of fungal keratitis in the general population is unknown, but it's thought to be more common in warmer climates where the fungi that cause these infections are likely more common in the environment. (cdc.gov)
- Eggimann P, Harbarth S, Constantin MN, Touveneau S, Chevrolet JC, Pittet D. Impact of a prevention strategy targeted at vascular-access care on incidence of infections acquired in intensive care. (cdc.gov)
- Surveillance of listeria infections in Europe reported an incidence varying between 0.3 (Greece) and 7.5 (Sweden) cases per year. (medscape.com)
Onset2
- Neonatal infections can be subdivided into early onset and late-onset disease. (medscape.com)
- The onset of ear infections is often on day 3 of a cold. (seattlechildrens.org)
Signs of infection3
Spread of infection2
- Detachment and expulsion of aggregates of biofilm allows the spread of infection and may facilitate thromboembolic disease. (ivis.org)
- Find tips for parents and carers on cleaning and disinfecting your home to prevent the spread of infection in the 'Home Hygiene' document from Community Infection Control Network (ICNA) and International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene (IFH). (bromley.gov.uk)
Ebola3
- A study published by Cell Press on May 7th in the Biophysical Journal reveals how the most abundant protein making up the Ebola virus-viral protein 40 (VP40)-allows the virus to leave host cells and spread infection to other cells throughout the human body. (eurekalert.org)
- The findings could lay the foundation for the development of new drugs and strategies for fighting Ebola infection. (eurekalert.org)
- Altogether, the findings reveal how VP40's C-terminal domain allows the Ebola virus to spread infection. (eurekalert.org)
Colonization1
- Comparison of Oligon catheters and chlorhexidine-impregnated sponges with standard multilumen central venous catheters for prevention of associated colonization and infections in intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, randomized, controlled study. (cdc.gov)
Common7
- [1] [5] They are the most common type of worm infection in Western Europe , Northern Europe and the United States . (wikipedia.org)
- Kidney infections are common. (foxnews.com)
- Recent Examples on the Web Both are common during pregnancy and offer up either grayish-white (BV) or yellowish-white ( yeast infection ) discharge. (merriam-webster.com)
- Ear infections are the most common bacterial infection of young children. (seattlechildrens.org)
- Ear infections are very common in young children. (seattlechildrens.org)
- In the following material we shall review the common infections found in the various systems of the body and their appropriate herbal treatments. (healthy.net)
- Trichuriasis is a common infection, occurring mainly in the subtropics and tropics, where poor sanitation and a warm, moist climate provide the conditions needed for Trichuris eggs to incubate in the soil. (msdmanuals.com)
Abscesses1
- But the community strains tend to produce more toxins, enabling them to cause skin infections and abscesses. (cdc.gov)
Ocular2
- All 4 genera cause serious CNS or ocular infections. (medscape.com)
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ocular infection: a 10-year hospital-based study. (medscape.com)
Surgical5
- Effect of an education program on decreasing catheter-related bloodstream infections in the surgical intensive care unit. (cdc.gov)
- Surgical site infection in English hospitals: a national surveillance and quality improvement program. (medscape.com)
- Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. (medscape.com)
- The impact of surgical-site infections in the 1990s: attributable mortality, excess length of hospitalization, and extra costs. (medscape.com)
- Improved techniques for organ preservation , surgical procedures, rejection management, and posttransplant infection prophylaxis and treatment have contributed to this success. (medscape.com)
Patients5
- massiliensis infection as negative controls to confirm that their antigens did not react with serum from the patients. (cdc.gov)
- On the basis of phylogenetic clustering, retrospectively tested skin biopsy or swab samples of the epidemiologic role, and the fact that we used its antigens eschars, serum samples when possible, and ticks from for the diagnostic of human infection, we propose the name the patients. (cdc.gov)
- Clinical and economic outcomes in critically ill patients with nosocomial catheter-related bloodstream infections. (cdc.gov)
- If a loved one has a C auris infection, they should be isolated from other patients and kept in a separate room. (ucsfhealth.org)
- 3 Dual infections of histoplasmosis and COVID-19 have been noted in several patients. (cap.org)
Infectious1
- [1] An infectious disease , also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease , is an illness resulting from an infection. (wikipedia.org)
Inflammation1
- Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation , followed by an adaptive response. (wikipedia.org)
Treat infections1
- Boric acid is a powerful antiseptic that can help treat infections that are resistant to other remedies. (medicinenet.com)
Severe infections1
- For more severe infections, double the dose. (medscape.com)
Prevent7
- Proper hand washing is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infections in hospitals. (medlineplus.gov)
- Understanding these steps helps health care workers target the infection and prevent it from occurring in the first place. (wikipedia.org)
- For advice on hand hygiene and how best to clean your hands to prevent an infection visit the 'How to wash your hands' webpage from the NHS. (bromley.gov.uk)
- By binding to the spike protein, the compounds can prevent the virus from entering cells and causing infection, potentially offering new avenues to prevent and treat the disease. (forbes.com)
- Orally bioavailable and with a long history of safe human use, these cannabinoids, isolated or in hemp extracts, have the potential to prevent as well as treat infection by SARS-CoV-2," the researchers wrote in an abstract of the study. (forbes.com)
- They have the potential to prevent as well as treat infection by SARS-CoV-2. (forbes.com)
- Adequate sanitation and good personal hygiene help prevent spread of the infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Hospital3
- Appropriate handwashing and care of IV lines can minimize potential for infection in the hospital. (cdc.gov)
- Mayon-White RT, Ducel G, Kereselidze T, Tikomirov E. An international survey of the prevalence of hospital-acquired infection. (medscape.com)
- Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. (medscape.com)