AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Infant, NewbornInfant, PrematureInfant, Newborn, DiseasesAnimals, NewbornInfant CareInfant, Premature, DiseasesInfant FoodInfant FormulaInfant BehaviorInfant MortalitySudden Infant DeathInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaNeonatal ScreeningInfant, Low Birth WeightInfant, Very Low Birth WeightPregnancyInfant WelfareBreast FeedingGestational AgeInfant, Extremely Low Birth WeightMilk, HumanChild DevelopmentBirth WeightIntensive Care Units, NeonatalRespiratory Distress Syndrome, NewbornInfant, Small for Gestational AgeBottle FeedingInfant, Extremely PrematureCryingMothersInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalIntensive Care, NeonatalAsphyxia NeonatorumBronchopulmonary DysplasiaFetal BloodJaundice, NeonatalInfant Nutrition DisordersPregnancy Complications, InfectiousNeonatologyDevelopmental DisabilitiesMaternal-Fetal ExchangeApgar ScoreTerm BirthNurseries, HospitalIncubators, InfantPerinatal CareEnterocolitis, NecrotizingProspective StudiesApneaSucking BehaviorPregnancy ComplicationsRetinopathy of PrematurityInfant EquipmentTime FactorsMaternal BehaviorDiarrhea, InfantileMother-Child RelationsAge FactorsPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsRisk FactorsDelivery, ObstetricPrenatal CareGrowthCongenital AbnormalitiesPregnancy OutcomeMaternal AgeLeukomalacia, PeriventricularHearing TestsRetrospective StudiesCohort StudiesFollow-Up StudiesHyaline Membrane DiseasePostnatal CareImmunity, Maternally-AcquiredProne PositionNeonatal NursingMeconiumMetabolism, Inborn ErrorsRespiration, ArtificialDuctus Arteriosus, PatentHyperbilirubinemia, NeonatalMilkFetusPhototherapyMaternal ExposureBirth CertificatesHeart Defects, CongenitalAgingFetal DeathVitamin K Deficiency BleedingMaternal WelfareReference ValuesBedsPremature BirthFetal Growth RetardationBilirubinColostrumBody WeightBlood Specimen CollectionChild PsychologyCesarean SectionCongenital HypothyroidismDelivery RoomsUnited StatesErythroblastosis, FetalWeight GainColicEnteral NutritionParenteral NutritionBody HeightPostpartum PeriodUmbilical CordDietary SupplementsIncidenceAsphyxiaSleepTreatment OutcomeCerebral PalsySwineHeadBrainLongitudinal StudiesBronchiolitisBirth InjuriesHyperbilirubinemiaFailure to ThriveLanguage DevelopmentAnemia, NeonatalBronchiolitis, ViralOxygenHeelFecesKangaroo-Mother Care MethodCase-Control StudiesInfanticideKernicterusParentsFetal DiseasesMaternal-Child Health CentersAnalysis of VarianceRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsAnthropometryFetal DevelopmentTransient Tachypnea of the NewbornSepsisResuscitationSyphilis, CongenitalOxygen Inhalation TherapyMaternal Health ServicesPregnancy Trimester, ThirdHyperoxiaLungFood, FortifiedStillbirthEchoencephalographyObject AttachmentLactationHome ChildbirthPacifiersPerinatologyHospitals, MaternityParitySocioeconomic FactorsPregnancy in DiabeticsHIV InfectionsDouble-Blind MethodPulmonary SurfactantsExchange Transfusion, Whole BloodDeveloping CountriesRegression AnalysisHypoxia-Ischemia, BrainPrenatal DiagnosisAnimals, SucklingNutritional StatusPrevalenceRespirationAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyHearing LossAbnormalities, MultipleLung DiseasesOximetryTemperamentBrazilSensitivity and SpecificityLogistic ModelsRespiratory SoundsDuctus ArteriosusCerebral VentriclesToxoplasmosis, CongenitalMaternal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaFetal MacrosomiaInfant, PostmatureCerebral HemorrhageDiphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis VaccineBangladeshAnoxiaStreptococcus agalactiaePlacentaHepatitis B VaccinesUmbilicusRisk Assessment
Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Infant, Premature: A human infant born before 37 weeks of GESTATION.Infant, Newborn, Diseases: Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.Animals, Newborn: Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.Infant Care: Care of infants in the home or institution.Infant, Premature, DiseasesInfant Food: Food processed and manufactured for the nutritional health of children in their first year of life.Infant Formula: Liquid formulations for the nutrition of infants that can substitute for BREAST MILK.Infant Behavior: Any observable response or action of a neonate or infant up through the age of 23 months.Infant Mortality: Postnatal deaths from BIRTH to 365 days after birth in a given population. Postneonatal mortality represents deaths between 28 days and 365 days after birth (as defined by National Center for Health Statistics). Neonatal mortality represents deaths from birth to 27 days after birth.Sudden Infant Death: The abrupt and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant under one year of age, remaining unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history. (Pediatr Pathol 1991 Sep-Oct;11(5):677-84)Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: Nutritional physiology of children from birth to 2 years of age.Neonatal Screening: The identification of selected parameters in newborn infants by various tests, examinations, or other procedures. Screening may be performed by clinical or laboratory measures. A screening test is designed to sort out healthy neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN) from those not well, but the screening test is not intended as a diagnostic device, rather instead as epidemiologic.Infant, Low Birth Weight: An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less.Infant, Very Low Birth Weight: An infant whose weight at birth is less than 1500 grams (3.3 lbs), regardless of gestational age.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Infant Welfare: Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of infants.Breast Feeding: The nursing of an infant at the breast.Gestational Age: The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight: An infant whose weight at birth is less than 1000 grams (2.2 lbs), regardless of GESTATIONAL AGE.Milk, HumanChild Development: The continuous sequential physiological and psychological maturing of an individual from birth up to but not including ADOLESCENCE.Birth Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Intensive Care Units, Neonatal: Hospital units providing continuing surveillance and care to acutely ill newborn infants.Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn: A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.Infant, Small for Gestational Age: An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.Bottle Feeding: Use of nursing bottles for feeding. Applies to humans and animals.Infant, Extremely Premature: A human infant born before 28 weeks of GESTATION.Crying: To utter an inarticulate, characteristic sound in order to communicate or express a feeling, or desire for attention.Mothers: Female parents, human or animal.Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical: The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.Intensive Care, Neonatal: Continuous care and monitoring of newborn infants with life-threatening conditions, in any setting.Asphyxia Neonatorum: Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.Fetal Blood: Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.Jaundice, Neonatal: Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.Infant Nutrition Disorders: Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months.Pregnancy Complications, Infectious: The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.Neonatology: A subspecialty of Pediatrics concerned with the newborn infant.Developmental Disabilities: Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)Maternal-Fetal Exchange: Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission.Apgar Score: A method, developed by Dr. Virginia Apgar, to evaluate a newborn's adjustment to extrauterine life. Five items - heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color - are evaluated 60 seconds after birth and again five minutes later on a scale from 0-2, 0 being the lowest, 2 being normal. The five numbers are added for the Apgar score. A score of 0-3 represents severe distress, 4-7 indicates moderate distress, and a score of 7-10 predicts an absence of difficulty in adjusting to extrauterine life.Term Birth: CHILDBIRTH at the end of a normal duration of PREGNANCY, between 37 to 40 weeks of gestation or about 280 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period.Nurseries, Hospital: Hospital facilities which provide care for newborn infants.Incubators, Infant: Electrically powered devices that are intended to assist in the maintenance of the thermal balance of infants, principally by controlling the air temperature and humidity in an enclosure. (from UMDNS, 1999)Perinatal Care: The care of women and a fetus or newborn given before, during, and after delivery from the 28th week of gestation through the 7th day after delivery.Enterocolitis, Necrotizing: ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.Sucking Behavior: Any suction exerted by the mouth; response of the mammalian infant to draw milk from the breast. Includes sucking on inanimate objects. Not to be used for thumb sucking, which is indexed under fingersucking.Pregnancy Complications: Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.Retinopathy of Prematurity: A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)Infant Equipment: Equipment and furniture used by infants and babies in the home, car, and play area.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Maternal Behavior: The behavior patterns associated with or characteristic of a mother.Diarrhea, Infantile: DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.Mother-Child Relations: Interaction between a mother and child.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects: The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Delivery, Obstetric: Delivery of the FETUS and PLACENTA under the care of an obstetrician or a health worker. Obstetric deliveries may involve physical, psychological, medical, or surgical interventions.Prenatal Care: Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality.Growth: Gradual increase in the number, the size, and the complexity of cells of an individual. Growth generally results in increase in ORGAN WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; and BODY HEIGHT.Congenital Abnormalities: Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.Pregnancy Outcome: Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.Maternal Age: The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.Leukomalacia, Periventricular: Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)Hearing Tests: Part of an ear examination that measures the ability of sound to reach the brain.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Hyaline Membrane Disease: A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS).Postnatal Care: The care provided to women and their NEWBORNS for the first few months following CHILDBIRTH.Immunity, Maternally-Acquired: Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk.Prone Position: The posture of an individual lying face down.Neonatal Nursing: The nursing specialty that deals with the care of newborn infants during the first four weeks after birth.Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.Metabolism, Inborn Errors: Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.Respiration, Artificial: Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).Ductus Arteriosus, Patent: A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth.Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal: Accumulation of BILIRUBIN, a breakdown product of HEME PROTEINS, in the BLOOD during the first weeks of life. This may lead to NEONATAL JAUNDICE. The excess bilirubin may exist in the unconjugated (indirect) or the conjugated (direct) form. The condition may be self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) or pathological with toxic levels of bilirubin.Milk: The white liquid secreted by the mammary glands. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals.Fetus: The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Phototherapy: Treatment of disease by exposure to light, especially by variously concentrated light rays or specific wavelengths.Maternal Exposure: Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure.Birth Certificates: Official certifications by a physician recording the individual's birth date, place of birth, parentage and other required identifying data which are filed with the local registrar of vital statistics.Heart Defects, Congenital: Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Fetal Death: Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding: Hemorrhage caused by vitamin K deficiency.Maternal Welfare: Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the mother.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Beds: Equipment on which one may lie and sleep, especially as used to care for the hospital patient.Premature Birth: CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).Fetal Growth Retardation: The failure of a FETUS to attain its expected FETAL GROWTH at any GESTATIONAL AGE.Bilirubin: A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.Colostrum: The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates.Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Blood Specimen Collection: The taking of a blood sample to determine its character as a whole, to identify levels of its component cells, chemicals, gases, or other constituents, to perform pathological examination, etc.Child Psychology: The study of normal and abnormal behavior of children.Cesarean Section: Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.Congenital Hypothyroidism: A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.Delivery Rooms: Hospital units equipped for childbirth.United StatesErythroblastosis, Fetal: A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of ERYTHROBLASTS in the circulation of the FETUS or NEWBORNS. It is a disorder due to BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY, such as the maternal alloimmunization by fetal antigen RH FACTORS leading to HEMOLYSIS of ERYTHROCYTES, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), general edema (HYDROPS FETALIS), and SEVERE JAUNDICE IN NEWBORN.Weight Gain: Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.Colic: A clinical syndrome with intermittent abdominal pain characterized by sudden onset and cessation that is commonly seen in infants. It is usually associated with obstruction of the INTESTINES; of the CYSTIC DUCT; or of the URINARY TRACT.Enteral Nutrition: Nutritional support given via the alimentary canal or any route connected to the gastrointestinal system (i.e., the enteral route). This includes oral feeding, sip feeding, and tube feeding using nasogastric, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy tubes.Parenteral Nutrition: The administering of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient who cannot maintain adequate nutrition by enteral feeding alone. Nutrients are administered by a route other than the alimentary canal (e.g., intravenously, subcutaneously).Body Height: The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.Postpartum Period: In females, the period that is shortly after giving birth (PARTURITION).Umbilical Cord: The flexible rope-like structure that connects a developing FETUS to the PLACENTA in mammals. The cord contains blood vessels which carry oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus and waste products away from the fetus.Dietary Supplements: Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Asphyxia: A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.Sleep: A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Cerebral Palsy: A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Head: The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Longitudinal Studies: Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.Bronchiolitis: Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.Birth Injuries: Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery.Hyperbilirubinemia: A condition characterized by an abnormal increase of BILIRUBIN in the blood, which may result in JAUNDICE. Bilirubin, a breakdown product of HEME, is normally excreted in the BILE or further catabolized before excretion in the urine.Failure to Thrive: A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function.Language Development: The gradual expansion in complexity and meaning of symbols and sounds as perceived and interpreted by the individual through a maturational and learning process. Stages in development include babbling, cooing, word imitation with cognition, and use of short sentences.Anemia, Neonatal: The mildest form of erythroblastosis fetalis in which anemia is the chief manifestation.Bronchiolitis, Viral: An acute inflammatory disease of the lower RESPIRATORY TRACT, caused by paramyxoviruses, occurring primarily in infants and young children; the viruses most commonly implicated are PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS TYPE 3; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, HUMAN; and METAPNEUMOVIRUS.Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Heel: The back (or posterior) of the FOOT in PRIMATES, found behind the ANKLE and distal to the TOES.Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Kangaroo-Mother Care Method: A method of continuously holding a partially wrapped baby to the chest, involving skin-to-skin contact. Originally it was a method of caring for LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANT in developing countries and is now more widespread in developed nations. Aside from encouraging breast feeding, the extra sleep that the infant gets assists in regulating body temperature, helps the baby conserve energy, and redirects calorie expenditures toward growth and weight gain.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Infanticide: The killing of infants at birth or soon after.Kernicterus: A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613)Parents: Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent.Fetal Diseases: Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.Maternal-Child Health Centers: Facilities which administer the delivery of health care services to mothers and children.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections: Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.Anthropometry: The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.Fetal Development: Morphological and physiological development of FETUSES.Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn: Abnormal increase in RESPIRATORY RATE in the newborn. It is self-limiting and attributed to the delayed fetal lung fluid clearance often in CAESAREAN SECTION delivery.Sepsis: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.Resuscitation: The restoration to life or consciousness of one apparently dead. (Dorland, 27th ed)Syphilis, Congenital: Syphilis acquired in utero and manifested by any of several characteristic tooth (Hutchinson's teeth) or bone malformations and by active mucocutaneous syphilis at birth or shortly thereafter. Ocular and neurologic changes may also occur.Oxygen Inhalation Therapy: Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)Maternal Health Services: Organized services to provide health care to expectant and nursing mothers.Pregnancy Trimester, Third: The last third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 29th through the 42nd completed week (197 to 294 days) of gestation.Hyperoxia: An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Food, Fortified: Any food that has been supplemented with essential nutrients either in quantities that are greater than those present normally, or which are not present in the food normally. Fortified food includes also food to which various nutrients have been added to compensate for those removed by refinement or processing. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Stillbirth: The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.Echoencephalography: Use of reflected ultrasound in the diagnosis of intracranial pathologic processes.Object Attachment: Emotional attachment to someone or something in the environment.Lactation: The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN.Home Childbirth: Childbirth taking place in the home.Pacifiers: Devices that babies can suck on when they are not feeding. The extra sucking can be comforting to the babies and pacify them. Pacifiers usually are used as a substitute for the thumb in babies who suck on their thumb or fingers almost constantly.Perinatology: The branch of medicine dealing with the fetus and infant during the perinatal period. The perinatal period begins with the twenty-eighth week of gestation and ends twenty-eight days after birth. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Hospitals, Maternity: Special hospitals which provide care to women during pregnancy and parturition.Parity: The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Pregnancy in Diabetics: The state of PREGNANCY in women with DIABETES MELLITUS. This does not include either symptomatic diabetes or GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE induced by pregnancy (DIABETES, GESTATIONAL) which resolves at the end of pregnancy.HIV Infections: Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Pulmonary Surfactants: Substances and drugs that lower the SURFACE TENSION of the mucoid layer lining the PULMONARY ALVEOLI.Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood: Repetitive withdrawal of small amounts of blood and replacement with donor blood until a large proportion of the blood volume has been exchanged. Used in treatment of fetal erythroblastosis, hepatic coma, sickle cell anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, septicemia, burns, thrombotic thrombopenic purpura, and fulminant malaria.Developing Countries: Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain: A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.Prenatal Diagnosis: Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth.Animals, Suckling: Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, foster mother, or bottle fed.Nutritional Status: State of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Respiration: The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).Anemia, Iron-Deficiency: Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.Hearing Loss: A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.Abnormalities, MultipleLung Diseases: Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.Oximetry: The determination of oxygen-hemoglobin saturation of blood either by withdrawing a sample and passing it through a classical photoelectric oximeter or by electrodes attached to some translucent part of the body like finger, earlobe, or skin fold. It includes non-invasive oxygen monitoring by pulse oximetry.Temperament: Predisposition to react to one's environment in a certain way; usually refers to mood changes.BrazilSensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Respiratory Sounds: Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.Ductus Arteriosus: A fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta.Cerebral Ventricles: Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).Toxoplasmosis, Congenital: Prenatal protozoal infection with TOXOPLASMA gondii which is associated with injury to the developing fetal nervous system. The severity of this condition is related to the stage of pregnancy during which the infection occurs; first trimester infections are associated with a greater degree of neurologic dysfunction. Clinical features include HYDROCEPHALUS; MICROCEPHALY; deafness; cerebral calcifications; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. Signs of a systemic infection may also be present at birth, including fever, rash, and hepatosplenomegaly. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p735)Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: Nutrition of a mother which affects the health of the FETUS and INFANT as well as herself.Fetal Macrosomia: A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.Infant, Postmature: An infant born at or after 42 weeks of gestation.Cerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine: A vaccine consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID; TETANUS TOXOID; and whole-cell PERTUSSIS VACCINE. The vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough.BangladeshAnoxia: Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.Streptococcus agalactiae: A bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man.Placenta: A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).Hepatitis B Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.Umbilicus: The pit in the center of the ABDOMINAL WALL marking the point where the UMBILICAL CORD entered in the FETUS.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Increased insensible water loss in newborn infants nursed under radiant heaters. (1/48457)

Urine osmolality was studied in 38 babies nursed in conventional incubators or cots and 18 nursed under an overhead radiant heat shield. Among 50 babies receiving a similar fluid intake in the first 48 hours of life mean urinary osmolality was significantly higher in the radiant heater group. In babies weighing less than 1500 g a trend towards higher urinary osmolalities was recorded in those nursed under radiant heaters even though they had received amost double the fluid intake of the incubator group. Severe hypernatraemia occurred in four of the five babies weighing less than 1000 g who were nursed under radiant heaters but in none of the seven babies of similar birth weight nursed in incubators. These findings are consistent with previous observations of an increase in insensible water loss in babies nursed under radiant heaters and emphasise the importance of providing enough extra water for these infants and the need for close monitoring of their fluid balance. The latter may be done at the bedside by measuring urinary specific gravity with a hand refractometer.  (+info)

New perspectives on biliary atresia. (2/48457)

An investigation into the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of biliary atresia was carried out because the prognosis remains so poor.In an electron microscopical study no viral particles or viral inclusion bodies were seen, nor were any specific ultrastructural features observed. An animal experiment suggested that obstruction within the biliary tract of newborn rabbits could be produced by maternal intravenous injection of the bile acid lithocholic acid.A simple and atraumatic method of diagnosis was developed using(99) (m)Tc-labelled compounds which are excreted into bile. Two compounds, (99m)Tc-pyridoxylidene glutamate ((99m)Tc-PG) and (99m)Tc-dihydrothioctic acid ((99m)Tc-DHT) were first assessed in normal piglets and piglets with complete biliary obstruction. Intestinal imaging correlated with biliary tract patency, and the same correlation was found in jaundiced human adults, in whom the (99m)Tc-PG scan correctly determined biliary patency in 21 out of 24 cases. The (99m)Tc-PG scan compared well with liver biopsy and (131)I-Rose Bengal in the diagnosis of 11 infants with prolonged jaundice.A model of extrahepatic biliary atresia was developed in the newborn piglet so that different methods of bile drainage could be assessed. Priorities in biliary atresia lie in a better understanding of the aetiology and early diagnosis rather than in devising new bile drainage procedures.  (+info)

Perinatal nephropathies. (3/48457)

The purpose of this paper is to review the development of the mammalian kidney and to assess the influence that various perinatal manipulations may have on the developmental process either morphologically or functionally. Immature kidneys in general have less functional capacity than adult kidneys and a low rate of glomerular filtration, perhaps related to renal blood flow, which appears to limit the disposition of a fluid or solute load. Tubular reabsorption is also limited leading to the urinary loss of glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate and phosphate. Although the relatively low function of the immature kidney is a normal part of development, its capacity to respond under conditions of stress may be less adequate than in adults. An additional concern is that a variety of perinatal manipulations, such as the incidental or accidental ingestion of a chemical, may lead to varying degrees of altered morphogenesis or functional development of the kidney. Chemical induced renal anomalies may be of several types, but in typical teratology experiments hydronephrosis may be the most frequent observation. The functional consequences of these renal malformations may be lethal or inconsequential or while an animal may be able to survive and develop normally in the presence of a renal malformation, it is possible that a stressful situation would unmask a functional malformation which could compromise survival. Thus, some renal abnormalities may be subtle enough to go unnoticed without experimental tests. Without such tests it is impossible to evaluate the effect of functional alterations on successful adaptation.  (+info)

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for the treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency. (4/48457)

BACKGROUND: Since 1968 it has been known that bone marrow transplantation can ameliorate severe combined immunodeficiency, but data on the long-term efficacy of this treatment are limited. We prospectively studied immunologic function in 89 consecutive infants with severe combined immunodeficiency who received hematopoietic stem-cell transplants at Duke University Medical Center between May 1982 and September 1998. METHODS: Serum immunoglobulin levels and lymphocyte phenotypes and function were assessed and genetic analyses performed according to standard methods. Bone marrow was depleted of T cells by agglutination with soybean lectin and by sheep-erythrocyte rosetting before transplantation. RESULTS: Seventy-seven of the infants received T-cell-depleted, HLA-haploidentical parental marrow, and 12 received HLA-identical marrow from a related donor; 3 of the recipients of haploidentical marrow also received placental-blood transplants from unrelated donors. Except for two patients who received placental blood, none of the recipients received chemotherapy before transplantation or prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease. Of the 89 infants, 72 (81 percent) were still alive 3 months to 16.5 years after transplantation, including all of the 12 who received HLA-identical marrow, 60 of the 77 (78 percent) who were given haploidentical marrow, and 2 of the 3 (67 percent) who received both haploidentical marrow and placental blood. T-cell function became normal within two weeks after transplantation in the patients who received unfractionated HLA-identical marrow but usually not until three to four months after transplantation in those who received T-cell-depleted marrow. At the time of the most recent evaluation, all but 4 of the 72 survivors had normal T-cell function, and all the T cells in their blood were of donor origin. B-cell function remained abnormal in many of the recipients of haploidentical marrow. In 26 children (5 recipients of HLA-identical marrow and 21 recipients of haploidentical marrow) between 2 percent and 100 percent of B cells were of donor origin. Forty-five of the 72 children were receiving intravenous immune globulin. CONCLUSIONS: Transplantation of marrow from a related donor is a life-saving and life-sustaining treatment for patients with any type of severe combined immunodeficiency, even when there is no HLA-identical donor.  (+info)

Cocaine metabolite kinetics in the newborn. (5/48457)

The study goal was to determine the half-life elimination of cocaine and benzoylecgonine (BZE) in the newborn. Three 0.3-mL blood samples were collected during the first day of life. Urine was collected once daily. Cocaine and BZE concentrations were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. An extraction method was developed for measuring low concentrations of cocaine and BZE in small (0.1 mL) blood samples. Cocaine had a half-life of 11.6 h in one subject. The half-life of BZE during the first day of life, based on blood data in 13 subjects, was 16 h (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.8 to 21.4 h). The half-life of BZE during the first week of life, based on urine data in 16 subjects, was 11.2 h (95% CI, 10.1 to 11.8 h). The novel extraction method for small blood sample volumes should be applicable to other basic drugs.  (+info)

Activation of alveolar macrophages in lung injury associated with experimental acute pancreatitis is mediated by the liver. (6/48457)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate (1) whether alveolar macrophages are activated as a consequence of acute pancreatitis (AP), (2) the implication of inflammatory factors released by these macrophages in the process of neutrophil migration into the lungs observed in lung injury induced by AP, and (3) the role of the liver in the activation of alveolar macrophages. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Acute lung injury is the extrapancreatic complication most frequently associated with death and complications in severe AP. Neutrophil infiltration into the lungs seems to be related to the release of systemic and local mediators. The liver and alveolar macrophages are sources of mediators that have been suggested to participate in the lung damage associated with AP. METHODS: Pancreatitis was induced in rats by intraductal administration of 5% sodium taurocholate. The inflammatory process in the lung and the activation of alveolar macrophages were investigated in animals with and without portocaval shunting 3 hours after AP induction. Alveolar macrophages were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. The generation of nitric oxide, leukotriene B4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and MIP-2 by alveolar macrophages and the chemotactic activity of supernatants of cultured macrophages were evaluated. RESULTS: Pancreatitis was associated with increased infiltration of neutrophils into the lungs 3 hours after induction. This effect was prevented by the portocaval shunt. Alveolar macrophages obtained after induction of pancreatitis generated increased levels of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and MIP-2, but not leukotriene B4. In addition, supernatants of these macrophages exhibited a chemotactic activity for neutrophils when instilled into the lungs of unmanipulated animals. All these effects were abolished when portocaval shunting was carried out before induction of pancreatitis. CONCLUSION: Lung damage induced by experimental AP is associated with alveolar macrophage activation. The liver mediates the alveolar macrophage activation in this experimental model.  (+info)

Exposure to nitrogen dioxide and the occurrence of bronchial obstruction in children below 2 years. (7/48457)

BACKGROUND: The objective of the investigation was to test the hypothesis that exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has a causal influence on the occurrence of bronchial obstruction in children below 2 years of age. METHODS: A nested case-control study with 153 one-to-one matched pairs was conducted within a cohort of 3754 children born in Oslo in 1992/93. Cases were children who developed > or = 2 episodes of bronchial obstruction or one episode lasting >4 weeks. Controls were matched for date of birth. Exposure measurements were performed in the same 14-day period within matched pairs. The NO2 exposure was measured with personal samplers carried close to each child and by stationary samplers outdoors and indoors. RESULTS: Few children (4.6%) were exposed to levels of NO2 > or = 30 microg/m3 (average concentration during a 14-day period). In the 153 matched pairs, the mean level of NO2 was 15.65 microg/m3 (+/-0.60, SE) among cases and 15.37 (+/-0.54) among controls (paired t = 0.38, P = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that NO2 exposure at levels observed in this study has no detectable effect on the risk of developing bronchial obstruction in children below 2 years of age.  (+info)

A method for calculating age-weighted death proportions for comparison purposes. (8/48457)

OBJECTIVE: To introduce a method for calculating age-weighted death proportions (wDP) for comparison purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A methodological study using secondary data from the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil (1980-1994) was carried out. First, deaths are weighted in terms of years of potential life lost before the age of 100 years. Then, in order to eliminate distortion of comparisons among proportions of years of potential life lost before the age of 100 years (pYPLL-100), the denominator is set to that of a standard age distribution of deaths for all causes. Conventional death proportions (DP), pYPLL-100, and wDP were calculated. RESULTS: Populations in which deaths from a particular cause occur at older ages exhibit lower wDP than those in which deaths occur at younger ages. The sum of all cause-specific wDP equals one only when the test population has exactly the same age distribution of deaths for all causes as that of the standard population. CONCLUSION: Age-weighted death proportions improve the information given by conventional DP, and are strongly recommended for comparison purposes.  (+info)

Congenital disease legal definition of congenital diseaseCongenital disease legal definition of congenital disease
Definition of congenital disease in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is congenital disease? Meaning of congenital disease as a legal term. What does congenital disease mean in law?
Persistence of Morbidity and Cost Differences Between Late-Preterm and Term Infants During the First Year of Life | American...Persistence of Morbidity and Cost Differences Between Late-Preterm and Term Infants During the First Year of Life | American...
Late-preterm infants have substantially higher costs than term infants, and the magnitude of this economic burden maybe greater than recognized previously. Although the birth hospitalization contributed a large proportion of total costs, late-preterm infants continued to use more health care resources throughout the first year of life compared with term infants. In every health care service group, late-preterm infants cost more than term infants. In addition, major differences in costs occurred with services indicative of more serious health conditions, namely, rehospitalizations, outpatient hospital visits, and home health care services.. This study, in contrast to most previous studies, included infants who were from multiple births. When late-preterm infants from multiple births were compared with singletons, infants from multiple births did not have higher rates of rehospitalization but did have higher costs during the first year after discharge from birth. This finding was also observed ...
Kangaroo Mother Versus Traditional Care for Newborn Infants ≤2000 Grams: A Randomized, Controlled Trial | Articles | PediatricsKangaroo Mother Versus Traditional Care for Newborn Infants ≤2000 Grams: A Randomized, Controlled Trial | Articles | Pediatrics
Between September 20, 1993 and September 20, 1994, a total of 13 560 live births were delivered at the CSPC. Of them, 3350 (24.7%) corresponded to LBW infants (birth weight ≤2500 g). A total of 1084 (8%) live newborn infants weighing ≤2000 g were assessed and followed to determine eligibility. A total of 307 (28%) infants were declared ineligible before randomization for reasons such dying before eligibility (160 infants, 15%); major malformation and dimorphic syndromes (7 infants, 1.5%); early detection of severe sequel of neonatal conditions including cerebral palsy, severe encephalopathy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, etc (29 infants, 6.1%); referral to other institutions because of insufficient number of beds (131 infants, 12%); and other reasons (10 infants, 2.1%). The remaining 777 (72%) were randomized to one of the two interventions. Thirty-one infants were subsequently withdrawn, leaving only 746 in the study. These withdrawals were necessary because some of the conditions that ...
Definitions of Cardiovascular Insufficiency and Relation to Outcomes in Critically Ill Newborn InfantsDefinitions of Cardiovascular Insufficiency and Relation to Outcomes in Critically Ill Newborn Infants
2015 by Thieme Medical ublishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, ew York, NY 10001, USA. Background We previously reported on the overall incidence, management, and outcomes in infants with cardiovascular insufficiency (CVI). However, there are limited data on the relationship of the specific different definitions of CVI to short-term outcomes in term and late preterm newborn infants. Objective This study aims to evaluate how four definitions of CVI relate to short-term outcomes and death. Study Design The previously reported study was a multicenter, prospective cohort study of 647 infants ≥ 34 weeks gestation admitted to a Neonatal Research Network (NRN) newborn intensive care unit (NICU) and mechanically ventilated (MV) during their first 72 hours. The relationship of five short-term outcomes at discharge and four different definitions of CVI were further analyzed. Results All the four definitions were associated with greater number of days on MV and days on O2. The definition using a threshold ...
Καισαρικές τομές, υγεία του παιδιού και θηλασμός | Παιδίατρος ΘεσσαλονίκηΚαισαρικές τομές, υγεία του παιδιού και θηλασμός | Παιδίατρος Θεσσαλονίκη
12. Erlandsson K et al. Skin-to-skin care with the father after cesarean birth and its effect on newborn crying and prefeeding behavior. Birth. 2007 Jun;34(2):105-14.. Καισαρικές ρουτίνας. 1. de Almeida MF et al. Non-urgent caesarean delivery increases the need for ventilation at birth in term newborn infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2010 Jun 28. [Epub ahead of print ...
Mothers Day Special: 13+ Things Science Has To Tell Us About the First VIP in Our Lives - SuppVersity: Nutrition and...Mother's Day Special: 13+ Things Science Has To Tell Us About the First "VIP" in Our Lives - SuppVersity: Nutrition and...
Well-known / celebrity older mums: Cherie Blair (baby at 45), Madonna (baby at 41), Sarah Brown (wife of Gordon Brown - baby at 40 and 42), J K Rowling (baby at 37 and 39), Emma Thompson (baby at 40), Liz Hurley (baby at 36), Susan Sarandon (baby at 46), Mimi Rogers (baby at 45), Iman (baby at 44), Jerry Hall (baby at 41), Annette Bening (baby at 41), Brooke Shields (baby at 37 and 40), Geena Davis (baby at 46), Courtney Cox Arquette (baby at almost 40), Helen Hunt (baby at 40), Helen Fielding (baby at 46 and 48), Lowri Turner (baby at 42), Meera Syal (baby at 43), Holly Hunter (twins at 47), Sarah Jessica Parker (baby at 37), Elle Macpherson (baby at 39), Anna Nichol Smith (baby at 38), Salma Hayek (baby at 41), Nicole Kidman (baby at 41), Gwen Stefani (baby at 38), Lisa Marie Presley (twins at 40), Gillian Anderson (baby at 40), Dannii Minogue (baby at 38), Celine Dion (twins at 42), Mariah Carey (baby at 41), complete list at pregnancyover35 ...
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Raltegravir in HIV-1-Exposed Newborn Infants at Risk of Acquiring HIV-1 Infection - Full Text...Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Raltegravir in HIV-1-Exposed Newborn Infants at Risk of Acquiring HIV-1 Infection - Full Text...
This study will evaluate the safety and PKs of RAL given to HIV-1-exposed newborn infants at risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection. The study also seeks to determine the appropriate dosing regimen of RAL that can be safely given to infants in the first 6 weeks of life.. The study will enroll 50 mother-infant pairs. Mothers will be followed until discharge from the labor and delivery unit, and infants will be followed for 24 weeks after birth. Infants will be assigned non-randomly to 1 of 2 cohorts. Each cohort will include two groups of infants: a RAL-naïve group including infants born to mothers who did not receive RAL before delivery, and a RAL-exposed group including infants born to mothers who received at least one dose of RAL within 2 to 24 hours before delivery.. A minimum of 12 infants will be enrolled into Cohort 1. All infants in Cohort 1 will receive RAL as oral granules for suspension as a single dose within 48 hours of birth, in addition to standard of care ARV drugs for PMTCT, and a ...
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Raltegravir in HIV-1-Exposed Newborn Infants at Risk of Acquiring HIV-1 Infection - Full Text...Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Raltegravir in HIV-1-Exposed Newborn Infants at Risk of Acquiring HIV-1 Infection - Full Text...
This study will evaluate the safety and PKs of RAL given to HIV-1-exposed newborn infants at risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection. The study also seeks to determine the appropriate dosing regimen of RAL that can be safely given to infants in the first 6 weeks of life.. The study will enroll 50 mother-infant pairs. Mothers will be followed until discharge from the labor and delivery unit, and infants will be followed for 24 weeks after birth. Infants will be assigned non-randomly to 1 of 2 cohorts. Each cohort will include two groups of infants: a RAL-naïve group including infants born to mothers who did not receive RAL before delivery, and a RAL-exposed group including infants born to mothers who received at least one dose of RAL within 2 to 24 hours before delivery.. A minimum of 12 infants will be enrolled into Cohort 1. All infants in Cohort 1 will receive RAL as oral granules for suspension as a single dose within 48 hours of birth, in addition to standard of care ARV drugs for PMTCT, and a ...
Haemoglobin level at birth is associated with short term outcomes and mortality in preterm infants | BMC Medicine | Full TextHaemoglobin level at birth is associated with short term outcomes and mortality in preterm infants | BMC Medicine | Full Text
Blood volume and haemoglobin (Hb) levels are increased by delayed umbilical cord clamping, which has been reported to improve clinical outcomes of preterm infants. The objective was to determine whether Hb level at birth was associated with short term outcomes in preterm infants born at ≤32 weeks gestation. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic records: Standardised Electronic Neonatal Database, Electronic Patient Record, Pathology (WinPath), and Blood Bank Electronic Database. The study was conducted in a tertiary perinatal centre with around 5,500 deliveries and a neonatal unit admission of 750 infants per year. All inborn preterm infants of 23 to 32 weeks gestational age (GA) admitted to the neonatal unit from January 2006 to September 2012 were included. The primary outcomes were intra-ventricular haemorrhage, necrotising entero-colitis, broncho-pulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and death before discharge. The secondary outcomes were receiving blood transfusion and
Structured observation of motor performance (SOMP-1) applied to preterm and full term infants who needed neonatal intensive...Structured observation of motor performance (SOMP-1) applied to preterm and full term infants who needed neonatal intensive...
Structured observation of motor performance (SOMP-1) applied to preterm and full term infants who needed neonatal intensive care. A cross-sectional analysis of progress and quality of motor performanc ...
Association between Year of Birth and 1-Year Survival among Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden during 2004-2007 and 2014-2016Association between Year of Birth and 1-Year Survival among Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden during 2004-2007 and 2014-2016
article{143f9d59-0d1e-4df2-aa6e-1514b1b98f1a, abstract = {,p,Importance: Since 2004-2007, national guidelines and recommendations have been developed for the management of extremely preterm births in Sweden. If and how more uniform management has affected infant survival is unknown. Objective: To compare survival of extremely preterm infants born during 2004-2007 with survival of infants born during 2014-2016. Design, Setting and Participants: All births at 22-26 weeks gestational age (n = 2205) between April 1, 2004, and March 31, 2007, and between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, in Sweden were studied. Prospective data collection was used during 2004-2007. Data were obtained from the Swedish pregnancy, medical birth, and neonatal quality registries during 2014-2016. Exposures: Delivery at 22-26 weeks gestational age. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was infant survival to the age of 1 year. The secondary outcome was 1-year survival among live-born infants who did not ...
Airway suctioning for newborn infants at birth | CochraneAirway suctioning for newborn infants at birth | Cochrane
Eight randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and only included term infants (n = 4011). Five studies included infants with no fetal distress and clear amniotic fluid, one large study included vigorous infants with clear or meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and two large studies included infants with thin or thick meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Overall, there was no statistical difference between oro/nasopharyngeal suction and no oro/nasopharyngeal suction for all reported outcomes: mortality (typical RR 2.29, 95% CI 0.94 to 5.53; typical RD 0.01, 95% CI -0.00 to 0.01; I2 = 0%, studies = 2, participants = 3023), need for resuscitation (typical RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.06; typical RD -0.01, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.00; I2 = 0%, studies = 5, participants = 3791), admission to NICU (typical RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.08; typical RD -0.03, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.01; I2 = 27%, studies = 2, participants = 997) and Apgar scores at five minutes (MD -0.03, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.02; I2 not estimated, ...
Ergobaby Insert Natural Performance Cool Mesh Infant Original Newborn Instructions - KsawErgobaby Insert Natural Performance Cool Mesh Infant Original Newborn Instructions - Ksaw
ergobaby insert natural performance cool mesh infant original newborn instructions.. ergobaby infant insert instructions video age ergo baby carrier inc performance cool mesh easy snug nz,newborn insert ergobaby infant cushion nz pillow age,ergo baby carrier infant insert go green ergobaby no pillow 360 instructions amazon,ergobaby easy snug infant insert nz orange baby ergo i 1 4 global original newborn instructions,ergobaby performance infant insert instructions original cushion backpacks carriers bundle 2 items grey four newborn,ergobaby infant insert pillow replacement age weight all position cool air mesh baby carrier carbon grey original newborn instructions,ergobaby 360 newborn insert amazon bundle of joy collection baby carrier with infant easy snug nz pillow,ergobaby infant insert cushion easy snug nz orange baby ergo i 1 4 performance age,ergobaby old infant insert instructions 360 newborn amazon australia for baby carrier natural,ergobaby 360 infant insert instructions no pillow buy ...
Neonatal care, premature birth, and other infant studies sub-cluster 75Neonatal care, premature birth, and other infant studies sub-cluster 75
3865 consecutive newborns delivered between 2/1/91 and 7/31/93 were prospectively studied. All the neonates received a physical examination during the first 24 hours of life. Major congenital anomalies (MCA) were found in 64 newborns at incidence of 16.5/1000 births. 61 patients with full description included 40 with single and 21 ...
Delayed cyclic activity development on early amplitude-integrated eeg in the preterm infant with brain lesions - Zurich Open...Delayed cyclic activity development on early amplitude-integrated eeg in the preterm infant with brain lesions - Zurich Open...
Background: Maturation of amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) activity is influenced by both gestational age (GA) and postmenstrual age. It is not fully known how this process is influenced by cerebral lesions. Objective: To compare early aEEG developmental changes between preterm newborns with different degrees of cerebral lesions on cranial ultrasound (cUS). Methods: Prospective cohort study on preterm newborns with GA ,32.0 weeks, undergoing continuous aEEG recording during the first 84 h after birth. aEEG characteristics were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using pre-established criteria. Based on cUS findings three groups were formed: normal (n = 78), mild (n = 20), and severe cerebral lesions (n = 6). Linear mixed models for repeated measures were used to analyze aEEG maturational trajectories. Results: 104 newborns with a mean GA (range) 29.5 (24.4-31.7) weeks, and birth weight 1,220 (580-2,020) g were recruited. Newborns with severe brain lesions started with ...
Neonatal outcomes after preterm birth by mothers health insurance status at birth: a retrospective cohort study | BMC Health...Neonatal outcomes after preterm birth by mothers' health insurance status at birth: a retrospective cohort study | BMC Health...
Publicly insured women usually have a different demographic background to privately insured women, which is related to poor neonatal outcomes after birth. Given the difference in nature and risk of preterm versus term births, it would be important to compare adverse neonatal outcomes after preterm birth between these groups of women after eliminating the demographic differences between the groups. The study population included 3085 publicly insured and 3380 privately insured, singleton, preterm deliveries (32-36 weeks gestation) from Western Australia during 1998-2008. From the study population, 1016 publicly insured women were matched with 1016 privately insured women according to the propensity score of maternal demographic characteristics and pre-existing medical conditions. Neonatal outcomes were compared in the propensity score matched cohorts using conditional log-binomial regression, adjusted for antenatal risk factors. Outcomes included Apgar scores less than 7 at five minutes after birth, time
A study of neurological abnormalities of term neonates and its relationship to adverse obstetric and neonatal factors |...A study of neurological abnormalities of term neonates and its relationship to adverse obstetric and neonatal factors |...
A Study of Neurological Abnormalities of Term Neonates and its Relationship to Adverse Obstetric and Neonatal Factors Pediatric Oncall
Neonatal care, premature birth, and other infant studies sub-cluster 16Neonatal care, premature birth, and other infant studies sub-cluster 16
PURPOSE: With advancement in neonatal care units, early detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature and very-low-birth-weight infants is important. Numerous studies have reported an increased risk of ROP in prematurely born infants, but only few have been long-term and strictly population-based. The aim of the present study was ...
Factors which impact an infants immune response to vaccinationFactors which impact an infant's immune response to vaccination
Vaccination is a key area of NHS policy and one of the most cost-effective public health interventions for protecting the population from disease. There are many factors which can impact the way a childs immune system responds to vaccination, such as the age at which the first vaccine is delivered, the sex of the child and the spacing between doses. Variation in these and other factors leads to better immunity in some children than others. Infants are provided with a degree of protection against disease in the first few months of life due to an inherited antibody from their mother. This maternally-derived antibody wanes over time but whilst still circulating can interfere with the way the infants immune system responds to vaccination. The current programme to immunise mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy is one way to enhance protection for infants, however this may also have negative impacts on the infants response to their vaccines. A clearer understanding of these influences on ...
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Previous reports of blood pressure in infants have shown a wide range of values depending, in part, on the birthweight characteristics of the study populations. Reported perinatal values in studies of low birthweight singletons, for example, have been lower than almost all other reports dealing with perinatal blood pressure among heavier babies.9,11 In our cohort more than half of the infants weighed less than 2500 g at birth, or below the 10th centile at sea level, from the 38th week of gestation onwards.27 Though the overall values in our newborn infants are lower than previously described,*RF 1,2,3-5,7,12* they are more consistent with reported tendencies from populations of predominantly low birthweight singletons. For example, the values in newborn infants weighing ,1500 g are nearly identical with those reported by Spinazzola et al for very low birthweight singletons,11 and values for newborn infants weighing 1501-2500 g are exactly within the ranges noted by Gennser et al for 1550-2500 g ...
Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant - کتابخانه دیجیتال دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهانInfectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant - کتابخانه دیجیتال دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان
Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant , Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant , کتابخانه دیجیتال دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان
Remington and Kleins Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, Wilson, 9780323241472Remington and Klein's Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, Wilson, 9780323241472
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Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant - کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهرانInfectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant - کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant , Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Lactation/Breastfeeding Help - Page 2 - Labor of Love Doula & Childbirth Services, Inc.Lactation/Breastfeeding Help - Page 2 - Labor of Love Doula & Childbirth Services, Inc.
cesarean born infants initial exposure is more likely to environmental microbes from the air, other infants, and the nursing staff which serves as vectors for transfer (this is one of the risks of a cesarean birth). *Babies at highest risk of colonization by undesirable microbes or when transfer from maternal sources cannot occur are cesarean-delivered babies, preterm infants, full term infants requiring intensive care, or infants separated from their mother (again the reason why a vaginal, unmedicated (since it can lead to infant complications), non induced birth is ideal). *Breastfed and formula-fed infants have different gut flora. *Breastfed babies have a lower gut pH (acidic environment) of approximately 5.1-5.4 throughout the first six weeks that is dominated by bifidobacteria with reduced pathogenic (disease-causing) microbes such as E coli, bacteroides, clostridia, and streptococci (the colostrum and milk of the babys mom provide immune building protectants]. *Babies fed formula have a ...
Pediatrics | Pediatrics Conferences | Pediatric Infections 2018 | USA | Canada | Worldwide Events | Europe | Asia | Middle East...Pediatrics | Pediatrics Conferences | Pediatric Infections 2018 | USA | Canada | Worldwide Events | Europe | Asia | Middle East...
Pediatric Infections 2018 is going to be held during June 23-24, 2018 at Vancouver, Canada which moves around the theme New emerging trends and research strategies to cure Pediatric diseases
Quality Newborn Baby Sling Infant Carrier Backpack Toddler Basket Cradle Babi Wrap Cotton Pouch Bebe Belt Infant Carrying...Quality Newborn Baby Sling Infant Carrier Backpack Toddler Basket Cradle Babi Wrap Cotton Pouch Bebe Belt Infant Carrying...
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PO-0531 Antibiotics In Neonates At Risk Of Early-onset Infection - Is It Being Too Empirical? | Archives of Disease in ChildhoodPO-0531 Antibiotics In Neonates At Risk Of Early-onset Infection - Is It Being Too Empirical? | Archives of Disease in Childhood
Results A total of 73 babies were identified, out of which 9 (12.3%) were late preterm. 19 out of 73 (23%) neonates had elevated CRP and were treated for 5 to 7 days. 10 out of these 23 (43.4%) neonates had maternal pyrexia as a risk factor. All babies have been clinically well and managed on postnatal ward. Blood cultures in all identified neonates have been negative. 30 out of 54 (55%) neonates with normal CRP stayed in hospital for more than 48 hrs awaiting blood culture results and clinical reviews.. ...
Safe newborn baby - Things You Didnt KnowSafe newborn baby - Things You Didn't Know
Safe newborn baby - Is living in basement safe for newborn baby? It can be. Basement, main floor, attic or other basic area, can all be safe places for a baby. It is the people around him/her that can make the space safe.
Higher SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load, Less Severe Disease Reported in Symptomatic Infants - Infectious Disease AdvisorHigher SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load, Less Severe Disease Reported in Symptomatic Infants - Infectious Disease Advisor
In this report, the investigators used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with the cobas SARS-CoV-2 assay (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Branchburg, New Jersey) to assess viral loads among infants, children, and adolescents who were hospitalized with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 and subsequently discharged from a childrens hospital between March 14, 2002, and April 24, 2020. A total of 57 patients tested positive for COVID-19 infection, 35.1% of whom were infants aged ≤12 months. The older children ranged in ages from 1 to 21 years. Mean nasopharyngeal viral load was found to be significantly higher in infants compared with older children (mean cycle threshold values 21.05 vs 27.25; P ,.01). However, the number of infants with severe disease was significantly lower compared with older patients (1 vs 12; P =.02). The mean time to test positivity from symptom onset was also lower in infants when compared with older patients (2 vs 3.8 days; P ,.01), and similar proportions of ...
McAdams, Stephen : Organization and discrimination of repeating sound sequences by newborn infants [ Portail de la musique...McAdams, Stephen : Organization and discrimination of repeating sound sequences by newborn infants [ Portail de la musique...
A study was conducted to determine whether newborn infants organize auditory streams in a manner similar to that of adults. A series of three experiments investigated the ability of three- to four-day-old infants to discriminate repeated rising and falling four-tone sequences in two configurations of source timbre and spatial position. It was hypothesized that if the sequences were organized into two auditory streams on the basis of timbre and spatial position, one of the configurations should be discriminable from its reversal, while the other should not. The sequences were tested with different pitch and temporal intervals separating the tones. Sequences were discriminated for the first configuration by adults at both fast tempo/small interval and slow tempo/large interval combinations, while only the latter was discriminated by newborns as measured with a non-nutritive, high-amplitude sucking paradigm. Neither adults nor infants could discriminate the sequence reversals for the second ...
Klaus and Fanaroffs Care of the High-Risk Neonate - 6th EditionKlaus and Fanaroff's Care of the High-Risk Neonate - 6th Edition
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Frontiers | New Techniques in the Study of the Brain Development in Newborn | Human NeuroscienceFrontiers | New Techniques in the Study of the Brain Development in Newborn | Human Neuroscience
In the last decades the survival rates of preterm babies and full-term babies with severe diseases have increased due to advances in perinatal care. Understandably however, higher survival rates have not been accompanied by an overall reduction of morbidity, so that limitation of long-term neurodevelopmental abnormalities remains a major challenge of early care (1). The possibility to better predict the outcome of newborns at neurodevelopmental risk is essential to inform early intervention, to allow best allocation of resources and to minimize long-term consequences. Unfortunately, clinicians continue to possess limited ability to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes, mainly relying, in most settings, on early findings at cranial ultrasound (cUS).Recent studies (2) have proven the power of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) superior to other neuroimaging modalities, including cUS, in detecting cerebral injury. Neonatal MRI provides non-invasive, high-resolution images in less than one hour; scans are
New 2016 Unisex Newborn Baby Boy Girl Toddler Infant Cotton Soft Cute Hat Cap Beanie-in Hats & Caps from Mother & Kids on...New 2016 Unisex Newborn Baby Boy Girl Toddler Infant Cotton Soft Cute Hat Cap Beanie-in Hats & Caps from Mother & Kids on...
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April LevinApril Levin
... , MD is a child neurologist with significant experience in research EEG and specifically in implementing and analyzing EEG data from high risk infant baby siblings of children with ASD through her postdoctoral fellowship. Dr. Levin, in collaboration with Dr. Charles Nelson, PhD, has developed an EEG pipeline for post-processing of EEG data in young children and children with neurological disorders (including high risk infants, children with tuberous sclerosis and ASD). Dr. Levins research over the past several years has focused on developing signal processing algorithms to extract information from EEG of children with (and at risk for) autism spectrum disorder. Her clinical work primarily involves seeing patients in the Autism Spectrum Center, which provides her with regular exposure to the clinical manifestations of autism. Dr. Levin is also a member of the Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience (LCN), directed by Dr. Nelson ...
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A model of integrated lung and focused heart ultrasound as a new screening examination in infants at risk of respiratory or...A model of integrated lung and focused heart ultrasound as a new screening examination in infants at risk of respiratory or...
Objective: This was a feasibility study to determine whether an edu-cational program conducted over 2 days followed by 25 performed studies under supervision equips physicians with the skills to accurately interpret and perform integrated lung ultrasound (LUS) and focused heart ultrasound (FHUS) as a screening exam in infants at risk of respiratory or hemodynamic compromise.. Methods: We conducted a training course over 2 days (total of 16 hours) to teach fellows how to interpret a pre-designed model of LUS and FHUS, as a screening exam for infants at risk of respiratory or hemodynamic compromise. Then trainees performed 25 cases with different neonatal lung and functional heart issues. The screening model included only the basic views required to evaluate common lung parenchymal and functional neonatal heart conditions in sick infants. The accuracy of interpretation during the course was assessed by Kappa.. Results: The inter-rater agreement between all trainees and instructor improved on the ...
New Evidence Explains Poor Infant Immune Response to Certain VaccinesNew Evidence Explains Poor Infant Immune Response to Certain Vaccines
By: Habib Zaghouani. COLUMBIA, MO -- For years, researchers and physicians have known that infants immune systems do not respond well to certain vaccines, thus the need for additional boosters as children develop. Now, in a new study from the University of Missouri, one researcher has found an explanation for that poor response. In the study, the MU scientist found evidence that the immune systems of newborns might require some time after birth to mature to a point where the benefits of vaccines can be fully realized. Habib Zaghouani, a professor of molecular microbiology and immunology and child health at the MU School of Medicine, recently found that a slowly maturing component of the immune system might explain why newborns contract infections easily. In his work, Zaghouani studied newborn mice and how their immune systems reacted when they were repeatedly exposed to an antigen that simulates a virus. Zaghouani found that while the antigen would prompt a response of the immune system, it was ...
1 Million Babies Die the Day Theyre Born, Save the Children Says - Save the Children1 Million Babies Die the Day They're Born, Save the Children Says - Save the Children
Since 1990, overall child mortality has dropped dramatically around the world, from 12 million annual deaths to less than 7 million. But the report shows that lack of global attention on newborns has translated into a much slower decline in newborn mortality. In sub-Saharan Africa, as many newborns die now as two decades ago.. Globally, a rising share of child deaths-43 percent-now occur in the newborn period, or first month of life. The new report finds that more than a third of newborn deaths, or 15 percent of all child deaths, occur on the same day-the first.. The three leading causes of newborn death are prematurity, birth complications and severe infections. Among wealthier countries, higher U.S. rates of prematurity contribute to higher newborn mortality. Whether in the United States or the developing world, the poorest mothers are more likely to lose a newborn baby, the report finds.. The largest numbers of first-day deaths occur in India (more than 300,000 a year) and Nigeria (almost ...
Rawal Medical JournalRawal Medical Journal
Neonatal deaths account for about half of infant death in our country.1 The neonatal period is defined as less than 28 days of life. It is a highly vulnerable period of life when a neonate may develop certain serious problems which lead to death.2 Neonatal mortality in United States declined largely due to improvement in obstetric and neonatal intensive care as well as advances in diagnosis and treatment.3 Neonatal morbidity and mortality is still high in developing countries and is due primarily to negligence of female health, nutrition, deliveries by un-skilled personnel and poor antenatal care.4 Globally the major causes of neonatal death are estimated to be pre maturity, low birth weight, birth asphyxia and severe neonatal infections.5 In Pakistan, high neonatal mortality is a major problem with its high relation to certain risk factors. The purpose of this study was to ascertain some of the potential risk factors associated with neonatal deaths in our institution ...
Babies born by Caesarean section have different gut bacteria from other infants, researchers say - The Washington PostBabies born by Caesarean section have different gut bacteria from other infants, researchers say - The Washington Post
In samples from mothers and from the babies at 4, 7 and 21 days old, the team found there was a significant difference between the two delivery methods - with vaginally delivered babies having many more health-associated bacteria from their mothers than babies born by Caesarean. ...
Study of Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a...Study of Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a...
BACKGROUND: In recent trends, there is increasing number of babies born with very low birth weight. These VLBW babies are at risk of developing Hypoglycemia, Sepsis, Hyperbilirubinemia, Respiratory distress when compared to term babies. By studying the risk factors leading to very low birth weight and their morbidities, health professionals will be able to anticipate and manage them accordingly. Identification of morbidity and mortality in VLBW neonates will help us in formulating and implementing interventions to reduce neonatal mortality rate. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the morbidity and mortality profile in very low birth weight neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Coimbatore Medical College Hospital. OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the morbidity and mortality pattern in very low birth weight neonates. 2. To study the maternal risk factors leading to very low birth weight neonates. 3. To establish targeted preventive and advanced treatment strategies in specific areas. 4. To plan for future ...
A Comparison of Blood Pressure in Term, Low Birth-Weight Infants ...: Ingenta ConnectA Comparison of Blood Pressure in Term, Low Birth-Weight Infants ...: Ingenta Connect
Infants exposed to the components of cigarette smoke in utero are at an increased risk for perinatal death, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and premature delivery. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare blood pressure values in term low-birth weight infants (≤2500 grams) born to smoking mothers to the blood pressure values of term, low-birth weight infants born to nonsmoking mothers. Data were collected through a retrospective chart review of 30 low-birth weight, term infants at a hospital in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure values were obtained from each chart. Fifteen of the infants were born to women who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy, while another 15 infants were born to mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy. While hospitalized at birth, the infants of smoking mothers shared a trend toward higher blood pressure readings for all measures, with the t-test differences reaching statistical ...
A Comparison of Kangaroo Mother Care versus Traditional Labor Room Care for Healthy Term Newborns in Saad Abu Alella Maternity...A Comparison of Kangaroo Mother Care versus Traditional Labor Room Care for Healthy Term Newborns in Saad Abu Alella Maternity...
Introduction: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) originated in Bogota, Columbia in the 1970s as a method of caring for premature newborns in the absence of conventional therapy and other technical equipment. In 1978, kangaroo mother care was proposed and practiced as a caring alternative for low birth weight newborns. The method of skin to skin contact has shown physiological, cognitive and emotional gain and benefits for the preterm newborns. However KMC has not been studied adequately in term newborns. So this study was conducted to assess and compare physiological variables of body temperature, respiration, pulse and oxygen saturation and the neurobehavioral responses (sleep pattern) for the healthy, full-term neonates placed on KMC and the traditional labour room care (TLRC) shortly after birth. Methods: A comparative hospital based study was carried out in the two hours observation room in Saad Abu Alela Maternity Hospital during the period (2015/2016). The target population was neonates ...
Hospital readmissions and morbidity in a fifteen-year follow-up of very low birthweight children in Southeast SwedenHospital readmissions and morbidity in a fifteen-year follow-up of very low birthweight children in Southeast Sweden
Aim: To study the effect of very low birthweight on hospital care and morbidity, and their relationship to gender, birthweight and neonatal complications. Methods: Eighty-five very low birthweight (VLBW; ,= 1500 g) children and term controls born in 1987-1988 in south-east region of Sweden were checked in registers regarding readmissions and diagnoses, need for habilitation and child psychiatric care up to 15 years of age. Ophthalmological examinations were made at age 4 in 64 of VLBW and 61 of control children, and at age 15 in 59 of VLBW and 55 of control children. Results: VLBW boys had three times more readmissions compared with normal weight control boys (p = 0.003). Neonatal risk factors for readmissions were gestational age under 30 weeks (OR 3.1), birthweight less than 1000 g (OR 4.6), mechanical ventilation (OR 9.5) and more than 60 days stay in neonatal ward (OR 5.0). A minority of VLBW children had an impairment/handicap such as cerebral palsy (CP) in five (5.9%) children, attention ...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations in Healthy Preterm Infants | RTIRespiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations in Healthy Preterm Infants | RTI
Young chronological age and some environmental risk factors are important clinical indicators of an increased risk of RSV hospitalization in healthy preterm infants 32 to 35 weeks of gestational age. SOE was low for estimates of incidence of RSV hospitalizations, in-hospital resource use and recurrent wheezing in this population. Studies were inconsistent in study characteristics, including weeks of gestational age, age during RSV season and control for confounding factors.
Welcome to CDC stacks | Disparities in Mortality Rates Among US Infants Born Late Preterm or Early Term, 2003-2005 - 30638 |...Welcome to CDC stacks | Disparities in Mortality Rates Among US Infants Born Late Preterm or Early Term, 2003-2005 - 30638 |...
The purpose of this study was to identify disparities in neonatal, post-neonatal, and overall infant mortality rates among infants born late preterm (34-36 weeks gestation) and early term (37-38 weeks gestation) by race/ethnicity, maternal age, and plurality. In analyses of 2003-2005 data from US period linked birth/infant death datasets, we compared infant mortality rates by race/ethnicity, maternal age, and plurality among infants born late preterm or early term and also determined the leading causes of death among these infants. Among infants born late preterm, infants born to American Indian/Alaskan Native, non-Hispanic black, or teenage mothers had the highest infant mortality rates per 1,000 live births (14.85, 9.90, and 11.88 respectively). Among infants born early term, corresponding mortality rates were 5.69, 4.49, and 4.82, respectively. Among infants born late preterm, singletons had a higher infant mortality rate than twins (8.59 vs. 5.62), whereas among infants born early term, the ...
Health Effects of Vitamins: Vitamin A and prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birthweight infantsHealth Effects of Vitamins: Vitamin A and prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birthweight infants
US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers filed the result that Nine trials met the inclusion criteria, eight compared vitamin A supplementation with a control (1291 infants), and one compared different regimens (120 infants). Compared to the control group, vitamin A appears to be beneficial in reducing death or oxygen requirement at one month of age (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.99; RD -0.05, 95% CI -0.10 to -0.01; NNTB 20, 95% CI 10 to 100; 1165 infants) and oxygen requirement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.98; RD -0.08, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.01; NNTB 13, 95% CI 7 to 100; 824 infants). A trend towards a reduction in death or oxygen requirement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age was also noted (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.00; 1001 infants). Neurodevelopmental assessment of 88% of surviving infants in the largest trial showed no differences between the groups at 18 to 22 months of age, corrected for prematurity. The different dosage vitamin A ...
The influence of gestational age, size for dates, and prenatal steroids on cord transferrin levels in newborn infants<...The influence of gestational age, size for dates, and prenatal steroids on cord transferrin levels in newborn infants<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The influence of gestational age, size for dates, and prenatal steroids on cord transferrin levels in newborn infants. AU - Chockalingam, Uma. AU - Murphy, Edrie. AU - Ophoven, Janice C.. AU - Georgieff, Michael K.. PY - 1987/3. Y1 - 1987/3. N2 - Serum transferrin levels assess protein status in older children and adults. To generate standards for its use in newborn infants, we measured umbilical cord serum transferrin levels in 161 appropriate (AGA), 25 large (LGA) and 16 small (SGA) for gestational age infants between 25 and 43 weeks gestation. We also assessed the effects of intrauterine growth, exposure to prenatal steroids, and presence of pulmonary maturity on neonatal transferrin levels. Cord transferrin levels in AGA infants were significantly correlated with increasing gestational age (r = 0.60; p , 0.001). Infants born before 37 weeks gestation had significantly lower transferrin levels, when compared with those born at term (p , 0.001). LGA infants had significantly ...
Hyponatraemia in very low birth weight infants. - Semantic ScholarHyponatraemia in very low birth weight infants. - Semantic Scholar
BACKGROUND Infants less than 1500 grams at birth have been demonstrated to be particularly prone to development of low levels of serum sodium often leading to increased early neonatal morbidity and mortality. No local study has been done to quantify this problem among sick newborns. Studies elsewhere demonstrate a high incidence of hyponatraemia among such preterms. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of infant early neonatal morbidity on serum sodium levels and justify regular monitoring and supplementation. DESIGN Comparative cohort study. SETTING Newborn Unit, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. SUBJECTS Fifty six very low birth weight (1000-1500 grams at birth) infants during their first week of life. Half of them were designated as cases in view of having various early neonatal illnesses. The remaining 28 being clinically stable were taken as controls. These two groups had comparable birthweights, sex distribution and gestational ages. Their sodium intakes were also similar during the
Cranial Ultrasonography in Preterm and Term Neonates | International Journal of Research in Health SciencesCranial Ultrasonography in Preterm and Term Neonates | International Journal of Research in Health Sciences
Abstract:. Introduction: The newborn brain is vulnerable to injury from many causes, like preterm delivery, hypoxia, trauma etc. Cranial ultrasonography are widely used to identify preterm neonates at risk for brain injury and subsequent neurodevelopmental defects. Aims and Objectives: Role of cranial ultrasonography to evaluate intracranial abnormalities in preterm and term neonates. Materials and methods: This is a prospective hospital based study conducted in Sagar Hospitals, Jayanagar, Bangalore. This study included a cohort of total 52 numbers of cases in preterm and term neonates, who were admitted in NICU. Results: This study included a cohort of total 52 numbers of cases in preterm and term neonates. In our study, total 12 neonates 23.1% were having flaring, total 11 neonates 21.2% were having ICH, total 6 neonates 11.5% were having PVL, total 4 neonates 7.7% were having cysts, total 4 neonates 7.7% were having cerebral oedema and normal 15 neonates 28.8%. Conclusion: Cranial ...
Potential risk factors for the development of acute renal failure in preterm newborn infants: a case-control study | ADC Fetal ...Potential risk factors for the development of acute renal failure in preterm newborn infants: a case-control study | ADC Fetal ...
Aims: To determine in a case-control study possible associations between the development of acute renal failure in preterm newborns and therapeutic interventions, particularly drug treatments.. Methods: The study population was 172 preterm infants of ,38 weeks gestation; 71 had acute renal failure and 101 were controls closely matched for gestational age and birth weight. Maternal and neonatal information was collected for both groups through questionnaires and interviews. Routine data on renal variables were also collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.. Results: Very low birthweight infants were at high risk of acute renal failure (79% of cases were ,1500 g). However, the acute renal failure was transient. Mothers of infants with acute renal failure received more drugs during pregnancy and delivery (mainly antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Of the possible therapeutic interventions, intubation, catheterisation, and phototherapy ...
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White Matter Injury and General Movements in High-Risk Preterm Infants | American Journal of NeuroradiologyWhite Matter Injury and General Movements in High-Risk Preterm Infants | American Journal of Neuroradiology
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Very preterm infants (birth weight, ,1500 g) are at increased risk of cognitive and motor impairment, including cerebral palsy. These adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes are associated with white matter abnormalities on MR imaging at term-equivalent age. Cerebral palsy has been predicted by analysis of spontaneous movements in the infant termed "General Movement Assessment." The goal of this study was to determine the utility of General Movement Assessment in predicting adverse cognitive, language, and motor outcomes in very preterm infants and to identify brain imaging markers associated with both adverse outcomes and aberrant general movements. ...
Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. - PubMed - NCBILate-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
NewYork-Presbyterian Queens - High-Risk Newborns - PrematurityNewYork-Presbyterian Queens - High-Risk Newborns - Prematurity
Other terms often used for prematurity are preterm and "preemie." Many premature babies also weigh less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds) and may be referred to as low birthweight (LBW).. Premature infants born between 34 and 37 weeks of pregnancy are often called late preterm or near-term infants. Late preterm infants are often much larger than very premature infants but may only be slightly smaller than full-term infants.. Late preterm babies usually appear healthy at birth but may have more difficulties adapting than full-term babies. Because of their smaller size, they may have trouble maintaining their body temperature. They often have difficulty with breastfeeding and bottle feeding, and may need to eat more frequently. They usually require more sleep and may even sleep through a feeding, which means they miss much-needed calories.. Late preterm infants may also have breathing difficulties, although these are often identified before the infants go home from the hospital. These infants are also ...
Usefulness of ICF-CY to define functioning and disability in very low birth weight children: a retrospective study | Archivio...Usefulness of ICF-CY to define functioning and disability in very low birth weight children: a retrospective study | Archivio...
BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is associated with variable degrees of brain injury, adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes and continuing special health care needs. STUDY AND AIMS: This observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study aims to describe the functional features of VLBW infants using the ICF-CY classification and to identify the association between gender, twinship, birth weight, gestational age, adjusted age and functioning as defined by the ICF biopsychosocial model. SAMPLE: 56 VLBW infants (corrected age of 12-24 months) were consecutively enrolled. INSTRUMENTS: Three assessment tools were used: a neuro-functional assessment (NFA); the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Revised: Birth to 2 years (Griffiths 0-2) to evaluate psychomotor development and the ICF-CY questionnaire for ages 0-3. RESULTS: A two-step cluster component analysis with the Bayesian information criterion was conducted based on NFA and Griffiths 0-2 scores and four groups of infants functioning (very low, low, ...
Long term healthcare costs of infants who survived neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a retrospective longitudinal study among...Long term healthcare costs of infants who survived neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a retrospective longitudinal study among...
Infants who survive advanced necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) at the time of birth are at increased risk of having poor long term physiological and neurodevelopmental growth. The economic implications of the long term morbidity in these children have not been studied to date. This paper compares the long term healthcare costs beyond the initial hospitalization period incurred by medical and surgical NEC survivors with that of matched controls without a diagnosis of NEC during birth hospitalization. The longitudinal healthcare utilization claim files of infants born between January 2002 and December 2003 and enrolled in the Texas Medicaid fee-for-service program were used for this research. Propensity scoring was used to match infants diagnosed with NEC during birth hospitalization to infants without a diagnosis of NEC on the basis of gender, race, prematurity, extremely low birth weight status and presence of any major birth defects. The Medicaid paid all-inclusive healthcare costs for the period from 6
Imaging brain development in preterm and term infants - Zurich Open Repository and ArchiveImaging brain development in preterm and term infants - Zurich Open Repository and Archive
The incidence of preterm birth (at less than 32 weeks of gestation) is estimated at 1-2% of all live births. In Switzerland, over the last ten years, approximately 782 preterm infants per year have been born between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation. Owing to improved neonatal intensive care, the number of very preterm infants surviving into childhood is rising. Indeed, the survival of those extremely low birth weight infants has been increasing over the last decade, especially for the preterm infants born below 26 weeks of gestation. Premature infants are, however, extremely vulnerable to brain injury. Five to 10% of the survivors develop cerebral palsy, and 40-50% develop cognitive and behavioural deficits. Hence, brain injury and its consequences in preterm infants is a serious issue that needs to be addressed. Another population at risk for neurodevelopmental impairment are the infants with congenital heart disease. These infants are known to have a wide range of developmental and neurological ...
Staphylococcus capitis bacteremia of very low birth weight premature infants at neonatal intensive care units: clinical...Staphylococcus capitis bacteremia of very low birth weight premature infants at neonatal intensive care units: clinical...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
National Infant Mortality Surveillance (NIMS) 1980National Infant Mortality Surveillance (NIMS) 1980
Preface This report presents data from the National Infant Mortality Surveillance (NIMS) project. The NIMS project was a collaborative effort between the Public Health Service and states to address the issue of infant mortality. Factors that affected the risk of infant mortality for single-born infants included birthweight, race, sex, gestation, birth order, maternal age and education, and prenatal care. The most important predictor for infant survival was birthweight, with improved survival for both blacks and whites associated with increased birthweights. Overall, black infants had twice the mortality risk of white infants. The higher risk for blacks was related to higher prevalence of low birthweight and to higher mortality risks in both the neonatal and postneonatal periods. In general, the black-white differential exists regardless of other infant and maternal characteristics. Findings from NIMS have been published in a special section of Public Health Reports (March-April 1987) and ...
NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS): Forms - Barry M. Lester; Edward Z. Tronick; | Foyles BookstoreNICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS): Forms - Barry M. Lester; Edward Z. Tronick; | Foyles Bookstore
The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS) is a tool for the comprehensive examination of normal full-term infants, preterm infants, and infants at risk because of prenatal substance exposure. NICU stands for neonatal intensive care unit. The NNNS can be used with infants through 6 weeks of age - and as early as 32 weeks gestational age for preterm infants - to guide assessment, evaluation, and early intervention. It is designed to evaluate neurobehavioral and neurological profiles, adaptations to stress, and the withdrawal status of neonates exposed to drugs in utero. The NNNS is useful for assessment of all at-risk infants and can serve as a basis for consultation with families and a guide for intervention. The test takes about 20 minutes (plus 10-15 minutes for scoring) and can be administered by experiences clinicians after certification training, available internationally through video conferences.
Assessing Impact of Health Oriented Aid on Infant Mortality RatesAssessing Impact of Health Oriented Aid on Infant Mortality Rates
Downloadable! This paper examines the relationship between health aid and infant mortality, using data from in total 135 countries (for the purposes of this study, developing countries), between 1975 and 2010. Utilizing both conventional Instrumental Variable and System GMM approaches, a tentative conclusion can be drawn that aid comes to have a statistically significant and positive effect on infant mortality rate, as doubling of aid leads to an approximately 1.3% reduction in infant mortality rates. Thus for an average aid recipient country, doubling per capita aid leads to a reduction of about 790 deaths per million live births in a particular year. This effect, in comparison to the set goals of the Millennium Development Goals, is small and may not be enough to ensure that the MDG targets are met by 2015.
Prospective randomised controlled trial of an infection screening programme to reduce the rate of preterm delivery | The BMJProspective randomised controlled trial of an infection screening programme to reduce the rate of preterm delivery | The BMJ
Preterm delivery (birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. In recent years the birth weight of premature babies has been found to be an important determinant of outcome, such that preterm birth is no longer defined solely by gestational age but also in terms of a birth weight below 2500 g. The main focus has been on preterm infants with a birth weight below 2000 g, who bear the greatest burden of morbidity and mortality. The costs of neonatal care for infants born at less than 33 weeks of gestation (birth weight below 2000 g) rise exponentially as gestational age decreases and rise further with birth weights below 1000 g.1. Advances in neonatal practice have improved the chances of survival for preterm infants with a very low birth weight.2 However, low birthweight infants are still at a higher risk of neurodevelopmental morbidity than preterm infants with a higher birth weight and, as a group, incur notable social and healthcare ...
For Full Term BabiesFor Full Term Babies
Is skin-to-skin contact only for premature babies or for every full term baby? This is a very important question! Previously it was thought that skin-to-skin contact was only for premature babies and was vital for their survival, as they had been born too early. What studies from psychology, zoology and psychiatry now show is that skin-to-skin contact at birth is vital to start all of the babys physical and emotional regulation, and should be the right of every baby at birth. For the last millions of years mothers have had their babies continually with them. It is only when birth started happening in hospitals in the last 100 years that mothers and babies have been separated. This has led to making babies more "sick" at birth. We have created unnecessary problems…….. SKIN-TO-SKIN CONTACT IS ALSO FOR FULL TERM BABIES. Many people think that Kangaroo Mother Care is only for premature or preterm babies. . All of the benefits that a premature needs apply to full term babies as well. Being with ...
Womans Birth Injury Claim Rejected After Judge Finds Alternate Causes for Injuries to Newborn Child - Maryland Birth Injury LWoman's Birth Injury Claim Rejected After Judge Finds Alternate Causes for Injuries to Newborn Child - Maryland Birth Injury L
Womans Birth Injury Claim Rejected After Judge Finds Alternate Causes for Injuries to Newborn Child - Maryland Birth Injury Lawyer
Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health Knowledge Summary: Act Now for Adolescents - Maternal Health Task ForcePartnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health Knowledge Summary: Act Now for Adolescents - Maternal Health Task Force
By: Sarah Hodin, MPH, CD(DONA), LCCE, National Senior Manager of Maternal Newborn Health Programs, Steward Health Care. The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health (PMNCH) recently released its 35th knowledge summary titled "Act Now for Adolescents" focusing on adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 years old. While newborns and children have benefited greatly from scientific research and interventions over the last decade, adolescents have received less attention. For example, while the under-five mortality rate decreased by 52% between 2000 and 2012, the adolescent mortality rate decreased by just twelve percent. As a result, the Sustainable Development Goals call for a greater focus on adolescent health.. Though adolescent populations have historically been considered relatively healthy compared to other age groups, adolescents face unique challenges that can have serious implications for their physical and mental health. The most common causes of preventable deaths among ...
Preterm behavior, maternal adjustment, and competencies in the newborn period: What influence do they have at 12 months...Preterm behavior, maternal adjustment, and competencies in the newborn period: What influence do they have at 12 months...
This article examines whether preterm newborns behavior and their mothers adjustment to the premature birth and infant hospitalization have an influence on subsequent infant development and behavior, maternal adjustment, and mother-infant relationship. The behavioral competencies of 42 well, singleton preterm infants (mean gestational age=31 weeks) were assessed, as were their mothers adjustment (depression and coping) and competencies (knowledge of child development). At 12 months of postnatal age, child competencies (development and behavior) were assessed, together with maternal adjustment (parenting stress and depression). Mother-infant interaction also was observed. Regression analyses indicated that in the newborn period, maternal positive reappraisal and a planful coping style, more knowledge of child development, and previous experience with baby-sitting were associated with better infant development (p=.002), maternal adjustment (p=.012), and mother-child relationship (p=.002) at 12 ...
Early morbidities and mortality in late preterm and associated maternal risk factors: a tertiary care centre experience |...Early morbidities and mortality in late preterm and associated maternal risk factors: a tertiary care centre experience |...
Result: 300 late preterm babies were studied. 84.33% of the total late preterm newborns were low birth weight babies. 28% were associated with maternal complications. Incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension was 14% in this study. 11.33% of the late preterm newborns needed resuscitation. Out of all the morbidities associated with late preterms, incidence of respiratory distress was highest with 31 %. According to this study, incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, hypothermia and respiratory distress syndrome was more towards the 34 weeks of gestation. This study shows that as the gestational age decreases, the late preterms are more prone for RDS, hypothermia and hyperbilirubinemia ...
Difference between revisions of Talk:Sensory - Vision Abnormalities - EmbryologyDifference between revisions of "Talk:Sensory - Vision Abnormalities" - Embryology
Curr Eye Res. 2004 Feb;28(2):145-51. Akar Y, Cira A, Apaydin C, Erman MA, Yilmaz A. Source Department of Ophthalmology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey. [email protected] Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of the birth weight and the postconceptional age on the tear production of preterm and term newborn infants and to evaluate the changes in tear production during the first two months of life. SUBJECTS--METHODS: Both eyes of medically stable term and preterm infants were included in the study. Based on postconceptional age and birth weight, we divided preterm infants into three groups. Then, we measured the basal and reflex tear secretions of both eyes by Schirmer tests before and after instillation of topical anesthetic agent. We performed initial tear measurements on the second day of life (between first 24 hours to first 48 hours after birth): and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after birth. RESULTS: We tested a total of 138 infants (63 preterm and 75 term), 72 ...
Investigating the variations in survival rates for very preterm infants in 10 European regions: the MOSAIC birth cohort | ADC...Investigating the variations in survival rates for very preterm infants in 10 European regions: the MOSAIC birth cohort | ADC...
The aim of this project was to standardise the data collection for very preterm infants, across 10 regions in Europe, for the total cohort of 22 + 0 to 31 + 6-week infants. One major issue was the heterogeneity of outcomes of pregnancy for very preterm births that should be considered separately in order to develop a logical system of reporting to facilitate both intra-national and international comparisons.9 For example, in the MOSAIC regions policies and practices for congenital anomalies screening and termination of pregnancies varied and some MOSAIC regions had a higher proportion of terminations of pregnancy for congenital anomalies in the very preterm births cohort: 17.6% in France and 14.7% in Italy. These different practices and their impact on the rates of termination of pregnancy have been explored elsewhere.10 We suggest that terminations of pregnancy for major congenital anomalies be reported separately and excluded from comparisons of pregnancy outcomes between countries to allow ...
Premature Infant | HealthLink BCPremature Infant | HealthLink BC
Many premature infants are resilient and surprise everyone by overcoming great odds. Expect that your infant can progress for several days but may then have a medical setback.. Premature infants are more likely than others to get an infection. And organs that have not had time to mature can cause a number of problems.. The more premature a newborn is, the greater is the babys risk of having medical problems.. Infants born at 23 to 26 weeks gestation are extremely underdeveloped and have a much higher risk of death or disability. Parents of these infants are likely to be faced with difficult medical decisions. Infants who have reached their 32nd week of development before birth are less at risk than those who are born earlier.. Babies born at 34 to almost 37 weeks gestation are called late preterm infants. Although they are not as likely to have as many problems as infants who are born earlier, they are at risk for breathing problems, high blood pressure in the lungs, and other short-term and ...
Nike Air Jordan 2 Pairs Newborn Infant Baby Booties Socks Black and Pink w/Air Jordan Logo Size 0-6 Months Share on Clesty.comNike Air Jordan 2 Pairs Newborn Infant Baby Booties Socks Black and Pink w/Air Jordan Logo Size 0-6 Months Share on Clesty.com
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Neonatal infection - WikipediaNeonatal infection - Wikipedia
Neonatal infections are infections of the neonate (newborn) during the neonatal period or first four weeks after birth. Neonatal infections may be contracted by transplacental transfer in utero, in the birth canal during delivery (perinatal), or by other means after birth. Some neonatal infections are apparent soon after delivery, while others may develop postpartum within the first week or month. Some infections acquired in the neonatal period do not become apparent until much later such as HIV, hepatitis B and malaria. There is a higher risk of infection for preterm or low birth weight neonates. Respiratory tract infections contracted by preterm neonates may continue into childhood or possibly adulthood with long-term effects that limit ones ability to engage in normal physical activities, decreasing ones quality of life and increasing health care costs. In some instances, neonatal respiratory tract infections may increase ones susceptibility to future respiratory infections and ...
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Perinatal Characteristics Predict 1-Year Respiratory Outcomes in Newborns Born at Extremely Low...Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Perinatal Characteristics Predict 1-Year Respiratory Outcomes in Newborns Born at Extremely Low...
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Perinatal Characteristics Predict 1-Year Respiratory Outcomes in Newborns Born at Extremely Low Gestational Age: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Comparison of Malondialdehyde Level in the Cord Blood of Newborn Infants of vaginal and cesarean deliveries | International...Comparison of Malondialdehyde Level in the Cord Blood of Newborn Infants of vaginal and cesarean deliveries | International...
The oxidative stress injury that has been linked to poor perinatal outcome and birth asphyxia may be found even with normal pregnancy, and it is severity in a newborn may be related to modes of delivery for which our study aimed to identify. Furthermore, this study was aimed to study the effect of both related- maternal, and related neonatal characteristics on babys oxidative stress marker level (Malondialdehyde). Fifty newborn children were selected in both labor ward and operating theatre of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital, Misan, Iraq. They were divided into two groups. The first group comprised 28 newborns, who were born by a vaginal delivery; the second group consisted of 22 newborns who delivered by elective cesarean section. The laboratory measurement of levels of an important antioxidant factor [malondialdehyde (MDA)] in babys cord blood has been extracted and used as an indicator of stress. We compared the two samples of different malondialdehyde levels in relation to variables as the delivery
Naloxone for opioid-exposed newborn infants - White Rose Research OnlineNaloxone for opioid-exposed newborn infants - White Rose Research Online
BACKGROUND: Naloxone, a specific opioid antagonist, is available for the treatment of newborn infants with cardiorespiratory or neurological depression that may be due to intrauterine exposure to opioid. It is unclear whether newborn infants may benefit from this therapy and whether naloxone has any harmful effects. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of naloxone on the need for and duration of neonatal unit stay in infants of mothers who received opioid analgesia prior to delivery or of mothers who have used a prescribed or non-prescribed opioid during pregnancy. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following databases in February 2018: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (the Cochrane Library 2018, Issue 1), MEDLINE (OvidSP), MEDLINE In process & Other Non-Indexed Citations (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP), CINAHL (EBSCO), Maternity and Infant Care (OvidSP), and PubMed. We searched for ongoing and completed trials in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and the EU ...
Newborn Screen/PKU/Heelsticks - from Ronnie Falcãos Midwife ArchivesNewborn Screen/PKU/Heelsticks - from Ronnie Falcão's Midwife Archives
I spoke with the director of medical genetics and the newborn screening laboratory for Childrens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical center. Dr Jan Bruck. I spoke at length with her about newborn screen and performing PKUs. So the good news is that was correct that PKUs can be done on cord blood!!!!!! Now let me qualify that. PKUs done on cord blood will miss a very rare PKU baby/the more mild case. So The Newborn screen dept suggests that for parents who do not want to do a heel stick on the babe that a safe and non-traumatic way to screen adequately is to use cord blood directly onto the card. A severely affected infant will show positive for PKU with cord blood, the cord blood PKU card should then be followed by a PKU urine test at 4 to 6 weeks. Dr. Burke assured me that then you would catch the otherwise milder case of PKU that may not be picked up by cord blood. Now another possible scenario she mentioned is that the mothers blood could also be drawn at birth and fill a ...
Ocular changes in premature infantsOcular changes in premature infants
Introduction: This article aimed to review the literatures on visual impairments and ocular changes in premature infants with low birth weight and gestational age.Methods: Five electronic databases including: PubMed, Web of Science, Science direct, Ovid, and Scopus were searched. Original articles published until 2015 describing preterm infants were reviewed. Repetitive and derivative articles were excluded.Results: Out of 100 unique, potentially relevant articles, 42 studies that addressed and met the inclusion criteria were evaluated.Conclusion: Prematurity affects ocular structures (from anterior to posterior segment) and functions. Premature infants are at risk of myopization. Concerning the changes in premature infants, a significant increase is found in axial length, intraocular pressure, and central corneal thickness; moreover, high incidence of retinal changes is reported as a result of prematurity. On the other hand, visual acuity, tear, electroretinogram, and visual evoked potential responses
Integration of Early Physiological Responses Predicts Later Illness Severity in Preterm Infants | Science Translational MedicineIntegration of Early Physiological Responses Predicts Later Illness Severity in Preterm Infants | Science Translational Medicine
Physiological data are routinely recorded in intensive care, but their use for rapid assessment of illness severity or long-term morbidity prediction has been limited. We developed a physiological assessment score for preterm newborns, akin to an electronic Apgar score, based on standard signals recorded noninvasively on admission to a neonatal intensive care unit. We were able to accurately and reliably estimate the probability of an individual preterm infants risk of severe morbidity on the basis of noninvasive measurements. This prediction algorithm was developed with electronically captured physiological time series data from the first 3 hours of life in preterm infants (≤34 weeks gestation, birth weight ≤2000 g). Extraction and integration of the data with state-of-the-art machine learning methods produced a probability score for illness severity, the PhysiScore. PhysiScore was validated on 138 infants with the leave-one-out method to prospectively identify infants at risk of short- ...
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Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and the Newborn Infant - 6th EditionInfectious Diseases of the Fetus and the Newborn Infant - 6th Edition
Airway suctioning for newborn infants at birth | CochraneAirway suctioning for newborn infants at birth | Cochrane
Nurses Hands Holding Newborn Infant High-Res Stock Photo - Getty ImagesNurses Hands Holding Newborn Infant High-Res Stock Photo - Getty Images
Effect of surfactant on morbidity, mortality, and resource use in newborn infants weighing 500 to 1500 gEffect of surfactant on morbidity, mortality, and resource use in newborn infants weighing 500 to 1500 g
New 2016 Unisex Newborn Baby Boy Girl Toddler Infant Cotton Soft Cute Hat Cap Beanie-in Hats & Caps from Mother & Kids on...New 2016 Unisex Newborn Baby Boy Girl Toddler Infant Cotton Soft Cute Hat Cap Beanie-in Hats & Caps from Mother & Kids on...
Newborn Infant Hearing Screening: ReferencesNewborn Infant Hearing Screening: References
Infant and Newborn Nutrition: MedlinePlusInfant and Newborn Nutrition: MedlinePlus
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Newborn Infant Hearing Screening: Key IssuesNewborn Infant Hearing Screening: Key Issues
Neurological Examination of the Newborn Infant | SpringerLinkNeurological Examination of the Newborn Infant | SpringerLink
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Newborn & Unisex Hats | Infant Hats | M&SNewborn & Unisex Hats | Infant Hats | M&S
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Masking and Gowning in Nurseries for the Newborn Infant | The BMJMasking and Gowning in Nurseries for the Newborn Infant | The BMJ
Phenytoin administration in the newborn and infant. - PubMed - NCBIPhenytoin administration in the newborn and infant. - PubMed - NCBI
RCW 70.83.020: Screening tests of newborn infants.RCW 70.83.020: Screening tests of newborn infants.
CUP FEEDING OF NEWBORN INFANTS | Original Articles | PediatricsCUP FEEDING OF NEWBORN INFANTS | Original Articles | Pediatrics
Feeding newborn babies : Infant Feeding Guide | HubPagesFeeding newborn babies : Infant Feeding Guide | HubPages
Baby Infant Newborn Pillow Flat Head Sleeping Support Cushion Prevent Soft | eBayBaby Infant Newborn Pillow Flat Head Sleeping Support Cushion Prevent Soft | eBay
Graco Baby Stroller With Car Seat Combo Newborn Infant Travel System | eBayGraco Baby Stroller With Car Seat Combo Newborn Infant Travel System | eBay
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The Newborn InfantThe Newborn Infant
Newborn Adoption: Getting Used to a New InfantNewborn Adoption: Getting Used to a New Infant
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Always be prepared? - infant newborn baby | Ask MetaFilterAlways be prepared? - infant newborn baby | Ask MetaFilter
Natural Infant-Focused Care Kits : Newborn Gift SetNatural Infant-Focused Care Kits : Newborn Gift Set
Development of newborn and infant vaccines.Development of newborn and infant vaccines.
Local U.S. City Resources for Newborn Infant Hearing Screening on MedicineNet.comLocal U.S. City Resources for Newborn Infant Hearing Screening on MedicineNet.com
The cerebrospinal fluid in the newborn and premature infant. - PubMed - NCBIThe cerebrospinal fluid in the newborn and premature infant. - PubMed - NCBI
Infant with loss of 10% birth weight | Newborn Nursery | Stanford MedicineInfant with loss of 10% birth weight | Newborn Nursery | Stanford Medicine
Retinol status of newborn infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia | SpringerLinkRetinol status of newborn infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia | SpringerLink
Transient Cholestasis in Newborn Infants with Perinatal AsphyxiaTransient Cholestasis in Newborn Infants with Perinatal Asphyxia
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Infant, NewbornInfant, PrematureInfant, Newborn, DiseasesAnimals, NewbornInfant CareInfant, Premature, DiseasesInfant FoodInfant FormulaInfant BehaviorInfant MortalitySudden Infant DeathInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaNeonatal ScreeningInfant, Low Birth WeightInfant, Very Low Birth WeightPregnancyInfant WelfareBreast FeedingGestational AgeInfant, Extremely Low Birth WeightMilk, HumanChild DevelopmentBirth WeightIntensive Care Units, NeonatalRespiratory Distress Syndrome, NewbornInfant, Small for Gestational AgeBottle FeedingInfant, Extremely PrematureCryingMothersInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalIntensive Care, NeonatalAsphyxia NeonatorumBronchopulmonary DysplasiaFetal BloodJaundice, NeonatalInfant Nutrition DisordersPregnancy Complications, InfectiousNeonatologyDevelopmental DisabilitiesMaternal-Fetal ExchangeApgar ScoreTerm BirthNurseries, HospitalIncubators, InfantPerinatal CareEnterocolitis, NecrotizingProspective StudiesApneaSucking BehaviorPregnancy ComplicationsRetinopathy of PrematurityInfant EquipmentTime FactorsMaternal BehaviorDiarrhea, InfantileMother-Child RelationsAge FactorsPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsRisk FactorsDelivery, ObstetricPrenatal CareGrowthCongenital AbnormalitiesPregnancy OutcomeMaternal AgeLeukomalacia, PeriventricularHearing TestsRetrospective StudiesCohort StudiesFollow-Up StudiesHyaline Membrane DiseasePostnatal CareImmunity, Maternally-AcquiredProne PositionNeonatal NursingMeconiumMetabolism, Inborn ErrorsRespiration, ArtificialDuctus Arteriosus, PatentHyperbilirubinemia, NeonatalMilkFetusPhototherapyMaternal ExposureBirth CertificatesHeart Defects, CongenitalAgingFetal DeathVitamin K Deficiency BleedingMaternal WelfareReference ValuesBedsPremature BirthFetal Growth RetardationBilirubinColostrumBody WeightBlood Specimen CollectionChild PsychologyCesarean SectionCongenital HypothyroidismDelivery RoomsUnited StatesErythroblastosis, FetalWeight GainColicEnteral NutritionParenteral NutritionBody HeightPostpartum PeriodUmbilical CordDietary SupplementsIncidenceAsphyxiaSleepTreatment OutcomeCerebral PalsySwineHeadBrainLongitudinal StudiesBronchiolitisBirth InjuriesHyperbilirubinemiaFailure to ThriveLanguage DevelopmentAnemia, NeonatalBronchiolitis, ViralOxygenHeelFecesKangaroo-Mother Care MethodCase-Control StudiesInfanticideKernicterusParentsFetal DiseasesMaternal-Child Health CentersAnalysis of VarianceRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsAnthropometryFetal DevelopmentTransient Tachypnea of the NewbornSepsisResuscitationSyphilis, CongenitalOxygen Inhalation TherapyMaternal Health ServicesPregnancy Trimester, ThirdHyperoxiaLungFood, FortifiedStillbirthEchoencephalographyObject AttachmentLactationHome ChildbirthPacifiersPerinatologyHospitals, MaternityParitySocioeconomic FactorsPregnancy in DiabeticsHIV InfectionsDouble-Blind MethodPulmonary SurfactantsExchange Transfusion, Whole BloodDeveloping CountriesRegression AnalysisHypoxia-Ischemia, BrainPrenatal DiagnosisAnimals, SucklingNutritional StatusPrevalenceRespirationAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyHearing LossAbnormalities, MultipleLung DiseasesOximetryTemperamentBrazilSensitivity and SpecificityLogistic ModelsRespiratory SoundsDuctus ArteriosusCerebral VentriclesToxoplasmosis, CongenitalMaternal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaFetal MacrosomiaInfant, PostmatureCerebral HemorrhageDiphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis VaccineBangladeshAnoxiaStreptococcus agalactiaePlacentaHepatitis B VaccinesUmbilicusRisk Assessment
MothersMorbidityMortalityDiseasesBirthFetusTermAdultsBabyScreeningFull-term infantsPremature infantsPreterm and termTerm newborn infantsHuman newbornsNeonates and infantsPregnancyRespiratoryBabyPerinatal AsphyxiaSearchCooled newborn babiesPediatricsCare for infantsBreast-fed infantsFormula-fed infantsAnalgesiaSurfactantCesareanFeeding2018ExposureBottleNurseryTransientDistinctCreeperScreeningsGestationRoutinelyNasopharyngealOutcomePrefaceOccursHospitalsSubsequentlyRecurrentStudyCharacteristicsMeasurementVulnerableMilk
Mothers1
Morbidity2
Mortality2
Diseases2
  • Written and edited by the leading authorities in the field, the revised 6th edition of this authoritative reference provides the most up to date and complete guidance on infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn. (elsevier.com)
  • Regarded as the definitive source of information in the field, Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant remains your indispensable source for authoritative, state-of-the-art answers. (meripustak.com)
Birth1
  • The odds of death in the hospital for very-low-birth-weight infants were reduced by 30 percent after surfactant was introduced. (nih.gov)
Fetus1
Term2
  • Together they provide definitive coverage of microbiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and prognosis of infections acquired in utero, during delivery, and in the early months of life in both premature and term infants. (elsevier.com)
  • Edited by Drs. Wilson, Nizet, Maldonado, Remington, and Klein, this fully updated reference helps you apply the latest evidence-based recommendations in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of infections found in utero, during delivery, and in the neonatal period in both premature and term infants. (meripustak.com)
Adults1
Baby9
Screening30
Full-term infants4
Premature infants3
  • For premature infants put the bottle in a bowl of warm water for up to 15 minutes, or hold it under warm running tap water. (bcwomens.ca)
  • Although the ability of medical teams to keep premature infants alive has increased with technological development, the birthing process itself has changed little. (dynamicchiropractic.com)
  • WASHINGTON - (Dec. 4, 2017) - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) of key regions of newborns' brains is altered in very premature infants and may provide an early warning sign of disturbed brain maturation well before such injury is visible on conventional imaging, according to a prospective, observational study published Dec. 4, 2017 in The Journal of Pediatrics . (eurekalert.org)
Preterm and term2
Term newborn infants2
Human newborns2
Neonates and infants3
Pregnancy7
Respiratory5
  • Is it just possible that the sudden shutdown of the respiratory system, as seen in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), is caused by birth trauma to the brain stem and spinal cord as described by Towbin? (dynamicchiropractic.com)
  • Within minutes to hours, the infants became more responsive and had less respiratory distress. (cdc.gov)
  • One infant in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at St. Louis Children's Hospital experienced respiratory decompensation and tested positive for influenza virus type A by fluorescent antibody stain performed on a nasopharyngeal swab. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Subsequently, 27 other infants received oseltamivir prophylaxis for exposure to influenza virus type A. Exposed infants were those who shared a primary medical team, nursing care, respiratory therapist, physical therapist, or occupational therapist with the influenza A positive infant. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN, TTNB, or "transitory tachypnea of newborn") is a respiratory problem that can be seen in the newborn shortly after delivery. (wikipedia.org)
Baby17
  • One study suggests that babies who were introduced to whole foods (vegetables and fruit as well as cooked meats and fish and home-prepared meals) had healthier body composition than infants fed store-bought, prepared baby food. (whfoods.org)
  • For beginners, relax and take a break at grasping the various fundamentals associated with feeding your newborn baby. (hubpages.com)
  • If you opt to nourish your newborn baby with bottled milk, make certain you prepare everything required in advance. (hubpages.com)
  • Infant bath rings and bath seats are not safe - your baby could slip into the water. (bcwomens.ca)
  • The Newborn Gift Set includes the brand's Hair & Body Wash, Everyday Lotion, Baby Massage Oil, Baby Fresh Spray, All Over Ointment, and consumers can choose to add a washcloth set if they choose as well, which is made from a gentle muslin cotton. (trendhunter.com)
  • The baby formula was reportedly purchased from a Walmart in Lebanon, Missouri, following which a 10-day-old infant died from Cronobacter sakazakii, a rare bacterial infection which can come from formula. (lawyersandsettlements.com)
  • Crochet Baby Items, Hats, Newborn Infant Clothing. (artfire.com)
  • The Government of Canada is moving forward with proposed regulations to prohibit the advertisement, sale and importation of polycarbonate plastic baby bottles that contain bisphenol A, otherwise known as BPA, to reduce newborn and infant exposure to this substance, announced the Honourable Leona Aglukkaq, Minister of Health. (emaxhealth.com)
  • Canada is the first country to move ahead with regulations to prohibit polycarbonate baby bottles that contain bisphenol A. We want parents to feel confident that they can safely bottle-feed their newborns and infants. (emaxhealth.com)
  • Inform the mother of the rational to pump early and pump often ( See Appendix F: For mothers of preterm infants, watch on closed circuit TV: A Premie Needs His Mother, First Steps to Breastfeeding Your Premature Baby ). (stanford.edu)
  • The 3½ hour class covers basic infant care such as bathing, diapering, cord care, and soothing a baby. (whatsupmag.com)
  • Household baby-proofing and basic infant first aid are discussed along with safe sleep environment and car seat safety. (whatsupmag.com)
  • The infant tub is designed for clean water to flow in while dirty water flows out, meaning that baby never has to sit in water with floating dirt particles. (pnmag.com)
  • If your infant is ready for a break from the playard, these fab floor seats are the perfect place for your baby to sit tight. (parenting.com)
  • If you are pregnant and suspect that you have HPV, knowing the risks that this virus poses to a newborn can help you and your doctor plan for the safe delivery and treatment of your baby. (livestrong.com)
  • Although the risks of your baby contracting and developing HPV are low, your doctor should test your newborn baby for HPV if you feel concerned for her safety. (livestrong.com)
  • Naloxone, a drug that counters the effects of opioids, can be given to the newborn baby to try to prevent or treat problems with breathing. (cochrane.org)
Perinatal Asphyxia1
Search1
  • From the time of the first recognition of the outbreak, an intensive and persistent search was made for toxic substances in the environment of the infants. (cdc.gov)
Cooled newborn babies1
Pediatrics1
  • Several national committees, including the National Institutes of Health, the American Academy of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, and the American Academy of Pediatrics , have recommended that hearing loss in infants be identified, and when possible treated, prior to 6 months of age. (medicinenet.com)
Care for infants1
Breast-fed infants4
Formula-fed infants4
Analgesia3
Surfactant1
Cesarean3
Feeding8
20182
  • Applying that frequency to 3,791,712 live births in 2018, † approximately 12,900 infants are expected to be identified each year with one of the disorders included in the study. (cdc.gov)
  • We searched the following databases in February 2018: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (the Cochrane Library 2018, Issue 1), MEDLINE (OvidSP), MEDLINE In process & Other Non-Indexed Citations (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP), CINAHL (EBSCO), Maternity and Infant Care (OvidSP), and PubMed. (cochrane.org)
Exposure2
Bottle1
Nursery2
  • From April to August 1967, nine cases of a clinically distinct illness characterized by fever and profuse sweating occurred in a small nursery for newborns in St. Louis, Missouri. (cdc.gov)
  • The first four cases developed between April 17 and 19 among a group of 25 infants who were in the nursery during this interval. (cdc.gov)
Transient6
Distinct3
  • when 3 distinct voices are played, therefore, infants may represent 3 correspondingly distinct faces that then can be quantified and compared to a matching or nonmatching visual stimulus. (pnas.org)
  • When they controlled for delivery method, the exclusively breastfed infants had a microbiome distinct from the other infants. (forbes.com)
  • But now, using a novel planet-hunting technique that identifies unusual patterns in the flow of gas within a planet-forming disc around a young star, two teams of astronomers have each confirmed distinct, telltale hallmarks of newly formed planets orbiting an infant star . (brightsurf.com)
Creeper2
Screenings1
Gestation1
Routinely2
  • These metabolites are routinely tested in newborn screens, but are not assessed as a composite. (eurekalert.org)
  • Other reports examined by the committee and additional testimonies revealed that infants with disabilities are routinely abandoned or killed on account of their handicap, while those who survive are often subjected to forced sterilization. (lifenews.com)
Nasopharyngeal2
  • Concerns relating to the reported adverse effects of oro/nasopharyngeal suctioning led to a practice review and routine oro/nasopharyngeal suctioning is no longer recommended for vigorous infants. (cochrane.org)
  • However, it is important to know whether there is any clear benefit or harm for infants whose oro/nasopharyngeal airway is suctioned compared to infants who are not suctioned. (cochrane.org)
Outcome2
  • The short and long-term outcome of the sick and preterm infant depends heavily on the early post-partum management of the mother. (stanford.edu)
  • To achieve the best outcome for these infants, care provided by a multidisciplinary team with experience and specialized training is needed. (chop.edu)
Preface1
  • The purpose of this publication is expressed in the preface: "The death rate of infants from seven days to one year of age, in the United States registration area, has been reduced 53 per cent during the years of 1916 to 1934 inclusive. (annals.org)
Occurs2
  • Third, presentation of redundant information in the auditory and visual modalities increases the precision of infants' numerical discriminations ( 27 ), although it is not clear whether the convergence of information occurs at the level of numerical representation or at a later processing step (e.g., response selection). (pnas.org)
  • A term infant is born with a protective store of fluid, electrolytes and calories to protect him/her during the first several days of the establishment of copious milk production, which occurs around 72 hours post partum (somewhat earlier for a mother who has previously breastfed and later for the primiparous mother). (stanford.edu)
Hospitals2
Subsequently1
  • After the first fatal case occurred, the attending physicians suspected a toxic cause and therefore promptly performed exchange transfusions on each of the seriously ill infants who were subsequently transferred for medical care. (cdc.gov)
Recurrent1
Study9
  • In 1969, Professor Abraham Towbin, M.D., reported on the results of a study he conducted at Harvard Medical School's department of neuropathology on spinal cord and brainstem injuries in newborn infants. (dynamicchiropractic.com)
  • This study is paving the way for continued research on how these models could help preterm newborn babies. (eurekalert.org)
  • The objectives of the current study were to update national estimates of infants with NBS disorders included on the RUSP and to compare these updated prevalence estimates with those previously reported. (cdc.gov)
  • The current study is based on data reported for 33 of the 35 disorders included on the RUSP among infants born during 2015-2017, the most recent years of available national data. (cdc.gov)
  • CIRP Note: This study reflects that DPNB reduces but does NOT eliminate the pain, stress, and trauma of neonatal circumcision in most but NOT all infants. (cirp.org)
  • The way a newborn enters the world and what they eat in the next six weeks afterward appear to play some role in what critters take up residence in their gut, found a new study. (forbes.com)
  • Infant deaths in Pudong, Shanghai, China: A retrospective study of the police data and comparison with the centre for disease control data. (annals.org)
  • 3 months of age is based on a single pharmacokinetic study in 20 infants from a single center. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Medical Xpress)-A new study from Karolinska Institutet indicates that the mode of delivery could make an imprint in the stem cells of the newborn infant. (medicalxpress.com)
Characteristics1
  • Using the results of standard newborn profiles and blood tests, they identified a combination of six newborn characteristics and 19 metabolites that, together, created a vulnerability profile that reliably identified preterm babies at substantially increased risk for death and severe illness. (eurekalert.org)
Measurement3
Vulnerable2
Milk4
  • Make sure to have the bottled supplement or even breast milk at the heat range your infant can accept and tolerate. (hubpages.com)
  • Make sure that the nipple is loaded with milk because the newborn is likely to gulp off an excessive amount of air flow from the half-filled nipple. (hubpages.com)
  • Infant formula supplemented with with functional ingredients (galacto-oligosaccharides, beta-palmitate, fermented milk). (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • 2 Like newborn infants, long for the pure spiritual milk, that by it you may grow up into salvation- 3 if indeed you have tasted that the Lord is good. (biblegateway.com)