Indoles. Medical search

Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.

Group of alkaloids containing a benzylpyrrole group (derived from TRYPTOPHAN)

Compounds formed by condensation of secologanin with tryptamine resulting in a tetrahydro-beta-carboline which is processed further to a number of bioactive compounds. These are especially found in plants of the APOCYNACEAE; LOGANIACEAE; and RUBIACEAE families.

An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

A group of pyrido-indole compounds. Included are any points of fusion of pyridine with the five-membered ring of indole and any derivatives of these compounds. These are similar to CARBAZOLES which are benzo-indoles.

A plant genus of the family Apocynaceae. It is the source of VINCA ALKALOIDS, used in leukemia chemotherapy.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-tryptophan and water to indole, pyruvate, and ammonia. It is a pyridoxal-phosphate protein, requiring K+. It also catalyzes 2,3-elimination and beta-replacement reactions of some indole-substituted tryptophan analogs of L-cysteine, L-serine, and other 3-substituted amino acids. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.1.99.1.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-serine and 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate to L-tryptophan and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. It is a pyridoxal phosphate protein that also catalyzes the conversion of serine and indole into tryptophan and water and of indoleglycerol phosphate into indole and glyceraldehyde phosphate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.2.1.20.

Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.

Substituted thioglucosides. They are found in rapeseed (Brassica campestris) products and related cruciferae. They are metabolized to a variety of toxic products which are most likely the cause of hepatocytic necrosis in animals and humans.

Alkaloid isolated from seeds of Peganum harmala L., Zygophyllaceae. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic Parkinson disease in the 1920's.

A plant genus of the APOCYNACEAE or dogbane family. Alkaloids from plants in this genus have been used as tranquilizers and antihypertensive agents. RESERPINE is derived from R. serpentina.

A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. It contains ellipticine.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Decarboxylated monoamine derivatives of TRYPTOPHAN.

The Madder plant family of the order Rubiales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida includes important medicinal plants that provide QUININE; IPECAC; and COFFEE. They have opposite leaves and interpetiolar stipules.

A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.

A group of indole-indoline dimers which are ALKALOIDS obtained from the VINCA genus of plants. They inhibit polymerization of TUBULIN into MICROTUBULES thus blocking spindle formation and arresting cells in METAPHASE. They are some of the most useful ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

Attachment of isoprenoids (TERPENES) to other compounds, especially PROTEINS and FLAVONOIDS.

Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesized. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

A plant family of the order Theales.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 2 or 6 of the benzene ring structure.

An enzyme that, in the pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, catalyzes the condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallylpyrophosphate to yield pyrophosphate and geranylpyrophosphate. The enzyme then catalyzes the condensation of the latter compound with another molecule of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to yield pyrophosphate and farnesylpyrophosphate. EC 2.5.1.1.

An enzyme that catalyzes the chlorination of a range of organic molecules, forming stable carbon-chloride bonds. EC 1.11.1.10.

An indole-dione that is obtained by oxidation of indigo blue. It is a MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR and high levels have been found in urine of PARKINSONISM patients.

A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. Members contain echitovenidine, echitamine, venenatine (an indole alkaloid), and anti-inflammatory triterpenoids

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Compounds with a core of 10 carbons generally formed via the mevalonate pathway from the combination of 3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. They are cyclized and oxidized in a variety of ways. Due to the low molecular weight many of them exist in the form of essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE).

Inorganic or organic compounds derived from phosphine (PH3) by the replacement of H atoms. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Ring compounds having atoms other than carbon in their nuclei. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Any chemical species which accepts an electron-pair from a LEWIS BASE in a chemical bonding reaction.

A biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

A N-hydroxylated derivative of 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE that has demonstrated carcinogenic action.

Toxins isolated from any species of the seaweed Lyngbya or similar chemicals from other sources, including mollusks and micro-organisms. These have been found to be potent tumor promoters. They are biosynthesized from TRYPTOPHAN; VALINE; and METHIONINE nonribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT).

Covalent attachment of HALOGENS to other compounds.

The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Rhodium. A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A substance occurring in the urine of mammals and also in blood plasma as the normal metabolite of tryptophan. An increased urinary excretion of indican is seen in Hartnup disease from the bacterial degradation of unabsorbed tryptophan.

A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE that contains bisindole alkaloids and IBOGAINE.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

Compounds used extensively as acetylation, oxidation and dehydrating agents and in the modification of proteins and enzymes.

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.

A subclass of iridoid compounds that include a glucoside moiety, usually found at the C-1 position.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A plant genus of the family RUBIACEAE. Members contain uncarine and other cytotoxic and hypotensive oxindole alkaloids.

One of several indole alkaloids extracted from Tabernanthe iboga, Baill. It has a complex pharmacological profile, and interacts with multiple systems of neurotransmission. Ibogaine has psychoactive properties and appears to modulate tolerance to opiates.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.

The reaction of two molecular entities via oxidation usually catalyzed by a transition metal compound and involving dioxygen as the oxidant.

The dogbane family of the order Gentianales. Members of the family have milky, often poisonous juice, smooth-margined leaves, and flowers in clusters. Asclepiadacea (formerly the milkweed family) has been included since 1999 and before 1810.

Compounds in which a methyl group is attached to the cyano moiety.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A class of compounds composed of repeating 5-carbon units of HEMITERPENES.

Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Any salt or ester of glycerophosphoric acid.

A family of isomeric, colorless aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, that contain the general formula C6H4(CH3)2. They are produced by the destructive distillation of coal or by the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphthenic fractions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Polymers where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups. These compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids, and amino acids and yield fibers, sheeting, or extruded forms used in textiles, gels, filters, sutures, contact lenses, and other biomaterials.

A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING RODS in the family Paenibacillaceae.

A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, MUSTARD PLANT; (B. alba, B. junica, and B. nigra), turnips (BRASSICA NAPUS) and rapeseed (BRASSICA RAPA).

A plant genus of the family RUBIACEAE. Members contain psychotridine and brachycerine (indole alkaloids).

Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2.

Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.

The five-carbon building blocks of TERPENES that derive from MEVALONIC ACID or deoxyxylulose phosphate.

A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Cyclic esters of acylated BUTYRIC ACID containing four carbons in the ring.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that is an ingredient of the preparation PC-SPES that is used to treat PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.

Placing of a hydroxyl group on a compound in a position where one did not exist before. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms occur in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. The species are either nonpathogenic or opportunistic pathogens.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.

A technology, in which sets of reactions for solution or solid-phase synthesis, is used to create molecular libraries for analysis of compounds on a large scale.

The study of the structure, preparation, properties, and reactions of carbon compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A genus of root and butt rot fungi in the family Tricholomataceae that produce rhizomorphs and are facultatively parasitic. Many species are pathogenic to trees causing Armillaria root disease.

The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.

Any of the hormones produced naturally in plants and active in controlling growth and other functions. There are three primary classes: auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Enzymes that hydrolyze O-glucosyl-compounds. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.2.1.-.

A phenomenon where microorganisms communicate and coordinate their behavior by the accumulation of signaling molecules. A reaction occurs when a substance accumulates to a sufficient concentration. This is most commonly seen in bacteria.

A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms arrange singly, in pairs, or short chains. This genus is commonly found in the intestinal tract and is an opportunistic pathogen that can give rise to bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract and several other types of human infection.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.

Methods used for the chemical synthesis of compounds. Included under this heading are laboratory methods used to synthesize a variety of chemicals and drugs.

The covalent bonding of an alkyl group to an organic compound. It can occur by a simple addition reaction or by substitution of another functional group.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in soil, fecal matter, and sewage. It is an opportunistic pathogen and causes cystitis and pyelonephritis.

Gram-negative gas-producing rods found in feces of humans and other animals, sewage, soil, water, and dairy products.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

A computer simulation technique that is used to model the interaction between two molecules. Typically the docking simulation measures the interactions of a small molecule or ligand with a part of a larger molecule such as a protein.

A dioxygenase with specificity for the oxidation of the indoleamine ring of TRYPTOPHAN. It is an extrahepatic enzyme that plays a role in metabolism as the first and rate limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of TRYPTOPHAN catabolism.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A plant genus of the family ARACEAE. Members contain beta-glucosidases and trypsin inhibitors.

Eighteen-carbon cyclopentyl polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID via an oxidative pathway analogous to the EICOSANOIDS in animals. Biosynthesis is inhibited by SALICYLATES. A key member, jasmonic acid of PLANTS, plays a similar role to ARACHIDONIC ACID in animals.

A plant genus of the family LOGANIACEAE (classified by some botanists as Gelsemiaceae). The sometimes used common name of trumpet flower is also used for DATURA.

A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.

Induction of AT-specific DNA-interstrand crosslinks by bizelesin in genomic and simian virus 40 DNA. (1/9500)

Bizelesin is a bifunctional AT-specific DNA alkylating drug. Our study characterized the ability of bizelesin to induce interstrand crosslinks, a potential lethal lesion. In genomic DNA of BSC-1 cells, bizelesin formed from approx. 0.3 to 6.03+/-0.85 interstrand crosslinks per 106 base pairs, at 5-100 nM drug concentration, respectively, comparable to the number of total adducts previously determined in the same system (J.M. Woynarowski, M.M. McHugh, L.S. Gawron, T.A. Beerman, Biochemistry 34 (1995) 13042-13050). Bizelesin did not induce DNA-protein crosslinks or strand breaks. A model defined target, intracellular simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA, was employed to map at the nucleotide level sites of bizelesin adducts, including potential interstrand crosslinks. Preferential adduct formation was observed at AT tracts which are abundant in the SV40 matrix associated region and the origin of replication. Many sites, including each occurrence of 5'-T(A/T)4A-3', co-mapped on both DNA strands suggesting interstrand crosslinks, although monoadducts were also formed. Bizelesin adducts in naked SV40 DNA were found at similar sites. The localization of bizelesin-induced crosslinks in AT-rich tracts of replication-related regions is consistent with the potent anti-replicative properties of bizelesin. Given the apparent lack of other types of lesions in genomic DNA, interstrand crosslinks localized in AT-rich tracts, and to some extent perhaps also monoadducts, are likely to be lethal effects of bizelesin. (+info)

Prior exposure to neurotrophins blocks inhibition of axonal regeneration by MAG and myelin via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. (2/9500)

MAG is a potent inhibitor of axonal regeneration. Here, inhibition by MAG, and myelin in general, is blocked if neurons are exposed to neurotrophins before encountering the inhibitor; priming cerebellar neurons with BDNF or GDNF, but not NGF, or priming DRG neurons with any of these neurotrophins blocks inhibition by MAG/myelin. Dibutyryl cAMP also overcomes inhibition by MAG/myelin, and cAMP is elevated by neurotrophins. A PKA inhibitor present during priming abrogates the block of inhibition. Finally, if neurons are exposed to MAG/myelin and neurotrophins simultaneously, but with the Gi protein inhibitor, inhibition is blocked. We suggest that priming neurons with particular neurotrophins elevates cAMP and activates PKA, which blocks subsequent inhibition of regeneration and that priming is required because MAG/myelin activates a Gi protein, which blocks increases in cAMP. This is important for encouraging axons to regrow in vivo. (+info)

Single synaptic events evoke NMDA receptor-mediated release of calcium from internal stores in hippocampal dendritic spines. (3/9500)

We have used confocal microscopy to monitor synaptically evoked Ca2+ transients in the dendritic spines of hippocampal pyramidal cells. Individual spines respond to single afferent stimuli (<0.1 Hz) with Ca2+ transients or failures, reflecting the probability of transmitter release at the activated synapse. Both AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists block the synaptically evoked Ca2+ transients; the block by AMPA antagonists is relieved by low Mg2+. The Ca2+ transients are mainly due to the release of calcium from internal stores, since they are abolished by antagonists of calcium-induced calcium release (CICR); CICR antagonists, however, do not depress spine Ca2+ transients generated by backpropagating action potentials. These results have implications for synaptic plasticity, since they show that synaptic stimulation can activate NMDA receptors, evoking substantial Ca2+ release from the internal stores in spines without inducing long-term potentiation (LTP) or depression (LTD). (+info)

Role of dexamethasone dosage in combination with 5-HT3 antagonists for prophylaxis of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. (4/9500)

Dexamethasone (20 mg) or its equivalent in combination with 5-HT3 antagonists appears to be the gold-standard dose for antiemetic prophylaxis. Additional to concerns about the use of corticosteroids with respect to enhanced tumour growth or impaired killing of the tumour cells, there is evidence that high-dosage dexamethasone impairs the control of delayed nausea and emesis, whereas lower doses appear more beneficial. To come closer to the most adequate dose, we started a prospective, single-blind, randomized trial investigating additional dosage of 8 or 20 mg dexamethasone to tropisetron (Navoban), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, in cis-platinum-containing chemotherapy. After an interim analysis of 121 courses of chemotherapy in 69 patients, we have been unable to detect major differences between both treatment alternatives. High-dose dexamethasone (20 mg) had no advantage over medium-dose dexamethasone with respect to objective and subjective parameters of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting. In relation to concerns about the use of corticosteroids in non-haematological cancer chemotherapy, we suggest that 8 mg or its equivalent should be used in combination with 5-HT3 antagonists until further research proves otherwise. (+info)

Pharmacology of LY315920/S-5920, [[3-(aminooxoacetyl)-2-ethyl-1- (phenylmethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]oxy] acetate, a potent and selective secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitor: A new class of anti-inflammatory drugs, SPI. (5/9500)

LY315920 is a potent, selective inhibitor of recombinant human, group IIA, nonpancreatic secretory PLA2 (sPLA2). In a chromogenic isolated enzyme assay, LY315920 inhibited sPLA2 activity with an IC50 of 9 +/- 1 nM or 7.3 x 10(-6) mole fraction, which approached the stiochiometric limit of this assay. The true potency of LY315920 was defined using a deoxycholate/phosphatidylcholine assay with a mole fraction of 1.5 x 10(-6). LY315920 was 40-fold less active against human, group IB, pancreatic sPLA2 and was inactive against cytosolic PLA2 and the constitutive and inducible forms of cyclooxygenase. Human sPLA2-induced release of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) from isolated guinea pig lung bronchoalveolar lavage cells was inhibited by LY315920 with an IC50 of 0.79 microM. The release of TXA2 from these cells by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or arachidonic acid was not inhibited. The i.v. administration of LY315920, 5 min before harvesting the bronchoalveolar lavage cells, resulted in the inhibition of sPLA2-induced production of TXA2 with an ED50 of 16.1 mg/kg. Challenge of guinea pig lung pleural strips with sPLA2 produced contractile responses that were suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner by LY315920 with an apparent KB of 83 +/- 14 nM. Contractile responses induced by arachidonic acid were not altered. Intravenous or oral administration of LY315920 to transgenic mice expressing the human sPLA2 protein inhibited serum sPLA2 activity in a dose-related manner over a 4-h time course. LY315920 is a potent and selective sPLA2 inhibitor and represents a new class of anti-inflammatory agent designated SPI. This agent is currently undergoing clinical evaluation and should help to define the role of sPLA2 in various inflammatory disease states. (+info)

Glomerular size-selective dysfunction in NIDDM is not ameliorated by ACE inhibition or by calcium channel blockade. (6/9500)

BACKGROUND: In patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and overt nephropathy glomerular barrier size-selectivity progressively deteriorates with time and is effectively improved by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Whether similar glomerular functional changes develop in proteinuric patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and whether antihypertensive agents can favorably affect glomerular filtration of macromolecules in these patients, has not been documented yet. METHODS: We investigated renal hemodynamics and fractional clearance of neutral dextrans of graded sizes, in nine proteinuric patients with NIDDM and renal biopsy findings of typical diabetic glomerulopathy. Six healthy volunteers served as controls. We also investigated the effects of an ACE inhibitor and of a calcium channel blocker, both given in doses targeted to achieve a comparable level of systemic blood pressure control, on glomerular hemodynamics and sieving function. Theoretical analysis of glomerular macromolecule transport was adopted to evaluate intrinsic glomerular membrane permeability properties. RESULTS: Fractional clearance of large macromolecules (42 to 66 A in radius) was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in controls, and the distribution of membrane pore radii was calculated to be shifted towards larger pore sizes in diabetics (mean radius increased from 55 to 60 A). Despite effective blood pressure control, neither antihypertensive affected glomerular hemodynamics to any significant extent. Fractional clearance of dextrans, as well as of albumin and IgG, and total urinary proteins were not modified by either treatments. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that patients with NIDDM and overt nephropathy develop abnormalities in size-selective function of the glomerular barrier and, at variance to IDDM, such changes were not ameliorated either by ACE inhibition or calcium channel blockade. (+info)

Involvement of p21 in the PKC-induced regulation of the G2/M cell cycle transition. (7/9500)

Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibits cell cycle progression at the G1/S and G2/M transitions. We found that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced upregulation of p21, not only in MCF-7 cells arrested in the G1 phase as previously shown, but also in cells delayed in the G2 phase. This increase in p21 in cells accumulated in the G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle after PMA treatment was inhibited by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. This indicates that PKC activity is required for PMA-induced p21 upregulation and cell cycle arrest in the G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. To further assess the role of p21 in the PKC-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest independently of its G1 arrest, we used aphidicolin-synchronised MCF-7 cells. Our results show that, in parallel with the inhibition of cdc2 activity, PMA addition enhanced the associations between p21 and either cyclin B or cdc2. Furthermore, we found that after PMA treatment p21 was able to associate with the active Tyr-15 dephosphorylated form of cdc2, but this complex was devoid of kinase activity indicating that p21 may play a role in inhibition of cdc2 induced by PMA. Taken together, these observations provide evidence that p21 is involved in integrating the PKC signaling pathway to the cell cycle machinery at the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. (+info)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C are required for the inhibition of caspase activity by epidermal growth factor. (8/9500)

The mechanism by which growth factors exert an anti-apoptotic function on many cell types is not well understood. This issue is addressed in relation to epidermal growth factor (EGF) which inhibits apoptosis induced by staurosporine or wortmannin in an epithelial tumour cell line (CNE-2). The presence of EGF substantially reduced the in vitro Ac-DEVD-AMC hydrolytic activity and almost completely suppressed the intracellular cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in staurosporine- or wortmannin-treated cells. Staurosporine but not wortmannin caused the intracellular proteolytic processing of pro-caspase-3 and this event was transiently inhibited by EGF. Staurosporine-induced apoptosis was not inhibited by EGF in the presence of wortmannin or LY294002. Similarly, EGF failed to inhibit wortmannin-induced apoptosis in the presence of staurosporine, chelerythrine chloride or Go6850. These results suggest that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C play a role in the survival function of EGF but the reduction of cellular caspase activity cannot be satisfactorily explained by a lack of pro-caspase-3 activation. (+info)

... is an indole alkaloid and substituted tryptamine present in the plant Lespedeza bicolor. The alkaloid bears a close ... January 2001). "The chemistry of indoles. CIII. Simple syntheses of serotonin, N-methylserotonin, bufotenine, 5-methoxy-N- ... methyltryptamine, bufobutanoic acid, N-(indol-3-yl)methyl-5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, and lespedamine based on 1- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lespedamine

Gribble GW (9 October 2010). Heterocyclic Scaffolds II:: Reactions and Applications of Indoles. Springer Science & Business ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipendoxifene

Gordon W. Gribble (9 October 2010). Heterocyclic Scaffolds II:: Reactions and Applications of Indoles. Springer Science & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazedoxifene

Reactions and Applications of Indoles. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 14-. ISBN 978-3-642-15732-5. v t e. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Phenylindole

Indole derivatives. US patent 5607951 US granted 6881749, Chen HH, May JA, Severns BS, "Pyranoindazoles and their use for the ... Related compounds A number of related compounds are known, with a similar structure but having the indole core flipped and/or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substituted_alpha-alkyltryptamine

"Indole Alkaloids". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (Fifth ed.). Wiley-VCH. 1985. p. 393. ISBN 3-527-20100-9. " ... Vincamine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid found in the leaves of Vinca minor (lesser periwinkle), comprising about 25-65% of ... its indole alkaloids by weight. It can also be synthesized from related alkaloids. Vincamine is sold in Europe as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincamine

"Indole Test". American Society for Microbiology. 8 Dec 2009. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Pierik, R. L. M., ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptone

Nkunya, M. H. H.; Jonker, S. A.; Mdee, L. K.; Waibel, R.; Achenbach, H. (1996). "New Diprenylated Indoles fromAsteranthe ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteranthe_asterias

William J. Houlihan (15 September 2009). The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Indoles. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 534-. ISBN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramania_Ranganathan

Fischer, E. (1886). "Indole aus Phenylhydrazin". Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. 236 (1-2): 126-151. doi:10.1002/jlac. ... In the course of his classic investigation on the Fischer indole synthesis, Emil Fischer prepared the first pyridazine via the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridazine

"Indole-3-Carbinol". Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Retrieved 2019-09-03. Fan, S.; Meng, Q.; Xu, J.; Jiao, Y.; Zhao, L ... DIM is a metabolite of the Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), also known as Indolylmethanol, which has been shown to have some cancer- ... 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables such ... Rogan, E. G. (2006). "The natural chemopreventive compound indole-3-carbinol: state of the science". In Vivo. 20 (2): 221-228. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3,3'-Diindolylmethane

... , also known as tribulin, is an organic compound derived from indole with formula C8H5NO2. The compound was first ... Kirsch, S.F. (2015). "Synthesis of Isatins through Direct Oxidation of Indoles with IBX-SO3K/NaI". Synthesis. 47 (13): 1937- ... Bergman, Jan; Stålhandske, Claes; Vallberg, Hans (1997). "Studies of the Reaction between Indole-2,3-diones (Isatins) and ... Ji, S.J. (2014). "I2/TBHP-Catalyzed Chemoselective Amination of Indoles". Org. Lett. 16: 3094-3097. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isatin

Old, David W.; Harris, Michele C.; Buchwald, Stephen L. (1 May 2000). "Efficient Palladium-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Indoles". ... and the arylation of indoles. Many additional modified versions of DavePhos have been synthesized. tBuDavePhos has been shown ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialkylbiaryl_phosphine_ligands

See for instance the chemistry of indoles. Reactions are also categorized by the change in the carbon framework. Examples are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_reaction

Structural scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids Manera C, Tuccinardi T, Martinelli A (2008). "Indoles and related compounds as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthoylindole

Edwin Saxton, J. (15 September 2009). Indoles, Part 4: The Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids. ISBN 9780470188446.. ... As with other indole alkaloids, the biosynthesis of vinervine starts from the amino acid tryptophan. This is converted into ... It is a derivative of akuammicine, with one additional hydroxy (OH) group in the indole portion, hence it is also known as 12- ... Vinervine is a monoterpene indole alkaloid of the Vinca sub-group which shares a common biosynthesis with other members, namely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinervine

Edwin Saxton, J. (15 September 2009). Indoles, Part 4: The Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids. ISBN 9780470188446. Shioiri, T.; ... As with other Indole alkaloids, the biosynthesis of vobasine starts from the amino acid tryptophan. This is converted into ... Knox, JR; Slobbe, J. (1975). "Indole alkaloids from Ervatamia orientalis. III. The configurations of the ethyl side chains of ... doi:10.1016/0031-9422(86)80013-9. Kam, Toh-Seok; Pang, Huey-Shen; Lim, Tuck-Meng (2003). "Biologically active indole and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vobasine

Edwin Saxton, J. (15 September 2009). Indoles, Part 4: The Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids. ISBN 9780470188446. Kam, Toh-Seok; ... As with other Indole alkaloids, the biosynthesis of tabernaemontanine starts from the amino acid tryptophan. This is converted ... Knox, JR; Slobbe, J. (1975). "Indole alkaloids from Ervatamia orientalis. III. The configurations of the ethyl side chains of ... doi:10.1016/0031-9422(91)84254-P. Kam, Toh-Seok; Pang, Huey-Shen; Lim, Tuck-Meng (2003). "Biologically active indole and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabernaemontanine

Betina, V. (1984). Indole derived tremorgenic toxins. In: Mycotoxins Production, Isolation, Separation and Purification (Betina ... indole diterpenes, ergot alkaloids and peramine. Related compounds are found across the range of endophytic fungal associations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_use_of_endophytic_fungi_in_defense

US patent 3075992, Hofmann, Albert; Troxler, Franz., "Esters of indoles", issued 1963-1-29 "EMCDDA , Hallucinogenic mushrooms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethocybin

Gassman, P. G.; van Bergen, T. J. (1988). "Indoles from anilines: Ethyl 2-methylindole-5-carboxylate". Organic Syntheses. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raney_nickel

Gribble, G.W.; Allison, B.D.; Conway, S.C.; Saulnier, M.G. (1992). "Syntheses of 2,3-Dihalo-1-(phenylsulfonyl)indoles". Organic ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Conway, S.C.; Gribble, G.W. (1990-01-01). "Synthesis of 1-(Phenylsulfonyl)Indol-3-yl ... His thesis concerned the attempted generation of indolyne (an aromatic compound related to indole). After college, Conway took ... Syntheses of 3-Vinyl and 3-Alkynylindoles (or, Palladium-Catalyzed Alkenylation and Alkynylation of 1-Phenylsulfonyl) indol-3- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Conway

These include indoles, flavones, benzoflavones, imidazoles and pyridines. These compounds are metabolized rapidly, but ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxins_and_dioxin-like_compounds

Hinsberg, O. (1908). "Über Glykokoll und Indol-derivate". Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 41: 1367. doi:10.1002/cber.190804101252.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinsberg_oxindole_synthesis

As with other Indole alkaloids, the biosynthesis of dregamine starts from the amino acid tryptophan. This is converted into ... The indole alkaloid tabernaemontanine is a closely related structure, differing only in the configuration of the ethyl group in ... Knox, JR; Slobbe, J. (1975). "Indole alkaloids from Ervatamia orientalis. III. The configurations of the ethyl side chains of ... doi:10.1016/0031-9422(90)85216-3. Kam, Toh-Seok; Pang, Huey-Shen; Lim, Tuck-Meng (2003). "Biologically active indole and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dregamine

"Indole Alkaloids from Trachelospermum jasminoides". Al Zarouni, Yousif (2015). The Effects of Khat (Catha Edulis). London: ... The psychoactive substance in Cannabis, THC, is unique in that it contains no nitrogen and is not an indole, tryptamine, ... Acer saccharinum (Silver Maple Tree) was found to contain the indole alkaloid gramine (not active and extremely toxic) 0.05% in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychoactive_plants

PSYCHOKINE (3- [2- (DIMETHYLAMINO) ETHYL] INDOL-4-OL) 25. ROLYCYCLIDINE (L- (L-PHENYLICYLOMEXYL) PYRROLIDINE) -PHP, PCPY 26. ... ETRIPTAMINE (3- (2-AMINOBUTYL) INDOL) 14. MDA (α-METHYL-3,4- (METHYLENEOXY) FENETHYLAMINE) -TAMAMETHETHAMINE 15. MDMA ((±) -N, ... INDOL) 10. DOB ((±) -4-BROMO-2,5-DIMETOXY-α-METHYLPHENETHYLAMINE) -BROLANETHETAMINE 11. DOET ((±) -4-ETHYL-2,5-DIMETHOXY- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act

... is a terpene indole alkaloid. The compound is believed to be an unstable O-acetylated secodine type ... and aspidosperma monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from 19E-geissoschizine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydrosecodine

... is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid which can be isolated from plants of the genus Tabernaemontana. Structurally it ... "Indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana australis (Müell. Arg) Miers that inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme". Bioorganic & ... for rapid evaluation of potential anticholinesterasic indole alkaloids in complex mixtures". Anais da Academia Brasileira de ... "Enantiospecific total synthesis of the enantiomer of the indole alkaloid affinisine". Tetrahedron Letters. 41 (33): 6299-6303. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinisine

Indole Tryptamine Young, S. N. (2007). "How to increase serotonin in the human brain without drugs". Journal of Psychiatry & ... In biochemistry, indolamines are substituted indole compounds that contain an amino group. Examples of indolamines include the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indolamines

In our research, the platinum-catalyzed 2,3-disubstitued indoles with allylic acetates was investigated under different ... Herein, we established a simple, convenient, and efficient method, which afforded high yield of allylated indoles. ... much effort has been directed toward the development of methods for functionalization of the indole nucleus at N1 and C3 sites ... Keywords: platinum-catalyzed; indole derivatives; allylic acetates; allylation platinum-catalyzed; indole derivatives; allylic ...

http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/12/2097/xml

AnabolicMinds.com , Forum , Anti-Aging Discussion , Male Anti-Aging Medicine , Indoplex vs indole-3-carbinol ... I was thinking of increasing the Indoplex to 240mg and possibly trying indole-3-carbinol. Will the indole-3-carbinol be more ... I was thinking of increasing the Indoplex to 240mg and possibly trying indole-3-carbinol. Will the indole-3-carbinol be more ... Indoplex vs indole-3-carbinol Im looking for a way to lower E2. My diet is dialed in, Im about 7% BF, take 80mg Zinc, and ...

http://anabolicminds.com/forum/male-anti-aging/83509-indoplex-vs-indole.html

The invention relates to indole derivative having the general Formula (I) wherein A represents a 5-membered aromatic ... The invention relates to indole derivative having the general Formula (I) wherein A represents a 5-membered aromatic ...

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2008101995

Pure Encapsulations Indole-3-Carbinol 200 mg is a cruciferous phytonutrient that promotes prostate, breast and cervix health. ... Benefits of Indole 3 Carbinol. Pure Encapsulations Indole 3 Carbinol is a great source for indole-3-carbinol. It can be found ... Indole 3 Carbinol Supplement - Hormone Support. Benefits of Pure Encapsulations Indole-3-Carbinol *Supports Healthy Estrogen ... Pure Encapsulations Indole-3-Carbinol is an indole-3-carbinol supplement that may help to provide hormone support. ...

http://www.earthturns.com/pure-encapsulations-indole-3-carbinol-200-mg

Head to Medex Supply and check out the BD BBL Indole Diagnostic Reagent and Stain Droppers, 50/Bx ... The production of indole has been widely used as an aid in differentiating certain genera and species within the same genus. ... BD BBL Indole Diagnostic Reagent and Stain Droppers, 50/Bx. BD Model: 261185. Medex SKU: BD-261185 ... Indole Reagent may be used for tube or extraction procedures or with a variety of biochemical kits requiring Kovacs or ...

https://www.medexsupply.com/laboratory-supplies-stains-and-reagents-bd-bbl-indole-diagnostic-reagent-and-stain-droppers-50-bx-x_pid-24486.html

1-benzenesulfonyl-6-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dienone: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first ... 01/27/2005 - "The most potent compound in the series in vitro, 4-(1-benzenesulfonyl-6-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa- ... 4- (1- benzenesulfonyl- 6- fluoro- 1H- indol- 2- yl)- 4- hydroxycyclohexa- 2,5- dienone. Subscribe to New Research on 4-(1- ... 4-(1-benzenesulfonyl-6-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dienone: 1 ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC496960-4--1-benzenesulfonyl-6-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl--4-hydroxycyclohexa-2-5-dienone.do

... Edin, Michaela Södertörn University, Avdelning ... 5-Methyl-4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole (1) was converted into 1,2,5-selenadiazolo[3,4-g]indole (3) by the Batcho-Leimgruber ... 1, 2, 5 selenadiazolo[3, 4 g]indole, 2, 3 butanedione, 2, 3 dimethylpyrrolo[2, 3 f]quinoxaline, 5 methyl 4 nitro 2, 1, 3 ... indole synthesis. Subsequent deselenation afforded 6,7-diaminoindole (4) which on treatment with biacetyl afforded 2,3- ...

http://sh.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:697578

Novel synthesis of indole derivatives based on the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with indolylborates as a key ... indolylborate / indole / borate / cross-coupling reaction / ellipticine / yuehchukene / 生物活性物質 / パラジウム触媒 / エリプチシン / yuehchukene ... reaction with indolylborates has been proven to be an effective protocol for the preparation of substituted indole derivatives ...

https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09672151/

Bartoli indole synthesis Bischler-Möhlau indole synthesis Cadogan-Sundberg indole synthesis Fukuyama indole synthesis Gassman ... Indoles are susceptible to hydrogenation of the imine subunit. Indole-3-butyric acid Indole test Isoindole Isoindoline Martinet ... The Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis is an efficient method of synthesizing indole and substituted indoles. Originally ... Although the synthesis of indole itself is problematic using the Fischer indole synthesis, it is often used to generate indoles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indole

This is due to the presence of skatole, also known as methyl indole or methylated indole, another possible product of ... The Indole test is one of the four tests of the IMViC series, which tests for evidence of an enteric bacterium. The other three ... The indole test is a biochemical test performed on bacterial species to determine the ability of the organism to convert ... Example of typical indole reactions Angen, O.; Mutters, R.; Caugant, D. A.; Olsen, J. E.; Bisgaard, M. (1999). "Taxonomic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indole_test

Using C. elegans as a biosensor, we identified indole and several metabolites [e.g., indole-3-carboxaldehyde (ICA), indole ... K12ΔtnaA or K12ΔtnaA plus indole (Indole) vs. K12ΔtnaA plus vehicle (Vehicle). (C) Lifespan curves of N2 on K12ΔtnaA ... Indoles Extend Healthspan in C. elegans and Drosophila via AHR.. To identify genes mediating the effects of indoles on ... Indoles Derived from Commensal E. coli Extend Healthspan of C. elegans.. To investigate effects of indoles secreted by ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/08/15/1706464114.full

Indole (fr); индолы (ru); Indol (sr-el); indole (en); インドール (ja); Indol (hu); Indol (ca); Індол (uk); 吲哚 (zh-tw); Indol (vi); ... Indol (id); Indol (nn); ഇൻഡോൾ (ml); Indol (sh); 인돌 (ko); Ինդոլ (hy); ಇಂಡೋಲ್ (kn); indol (pt); Indol (gl); إندول (ar); 吲哚 (zh- ... Indol (sv); אינדול (he); Indol (tk); 吲哚 (zh-hant); 吲哚 (zh-cn); Indoli (fi); Indolo (eo); Indol (cs); Indol (bs); indolo (it); ... Indol (nl); Индол (ru); C8H7N (it); C8H7N, اندول, الإندول, Indole (ar); 2,3-bentsopyrroli, Bentsopyrroli (fi); Indol, Indole ( ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Indole

Navnet indol er avledet fra en kombinasjon av ordene indigo og oleum fordi indol til å begynne med ble isolert gjennom ... Sykloaddisjoner av indol[rediger , rediger kilde]. Bare C-2- og C-3-pi-bindingene i indol er i stand til ... Kjemiske reaksjoner med indol[rediger , rediger kilde]. Nitrogenbasiskhet[rediger , rediger kilde]. Selv om indol N-1 ... Oksidasjon av indol[rediger , rediger kilde]. Fordi indol er så rikt på elektroner, blir det lett oksidert. Enkle oksidanter ...

https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indol

Disclaimer: The information provided on HealthWorld Online is for educational purposes only and IS NOT intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek professional medical advice from your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition ...

https://healthy.net/tag/indoles-and-sulforaphane/

... is a indoles (CHEBI:24828) indole-3-acetonitrile (CHEBI:17566) is a nitrile (CHEBI:18379) ... indole-3-acetonitrile (CHEBI:17566) has role auxin (CHEBI:22676) indole-3-acetonitrile (CHEBI:17566) has role human xenobiotic ... indole-3-acetonitrile (CHEBI:17566) has role plant hormone (CHEBI:37848) indole-3-acetonitrile (CHEBI:17566) has role plant ... CHEBI:17566 - indole-3-acetonitrile. Main. ChEBI Ontology. Automatic Xrefs. Reactions. Pathways. Models. ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:17566

Other names: 1H-Indole; Ketole; 1-Azaindene; 1-Benzazole; 2,3-Benzopyrrole; Benzopyrrole; Indol; 1-H-indol ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C120729&Units=SI&Mask=8

Learn More About Indoles
indoles-and-indole0.html>Indoles and Indole ... Substituted indoles have frequently been referred to as privileged structures since they are capable of binding to multiple ... Notably, indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables, inhibits carcinogenesis at the initiation stage and has been shown ... Due to this activity, it is not surprising that the indole ring system has become an important building block or intermediate ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/chemistry/chemistry-products.html?TablePage=16269142

... NSC78580 5903-28-6 indole; tributylgermanium

https://scitoys.com/scichem/jqp046/6327874.html

Oxidation of indole by N-bromosuccinimide Cycloadditions of indole. Only the C-2 to C-3 pi-bond of indole is capable of ... Fischer indole synthesis. Main article: Fischer indole synthesis. The Fischer indole synthesis File:One-pot synthesis of ... Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis. Main article: Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis. The Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis ... Compounds that contain an indole ring are called indoles. The amino acid tryptophan is an indole derivative and the precursor ...

http://www.lycaeum.org/wiki/Indole

indole synonyms, indole pronunciation, indole translation, English dictionary definition of indole. n. 1. A white crystalline ... indole. Also found in: Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.. Related to indole: skatole, Isoquinoline, Indole test, Indole- ... indole. (ˈɪndəʊl) or indol. n. (Elements & Compounds) a white or yellowish crystalline heterocyclic compound extracted from ... In female rats, they discovered that a specific indole, known as indole-3-carbinol, significantly boosted the rate at which an ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/indole

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/C9H9N/c1-7-2-3-8-4-5-10-9

FDAs Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) presents the agencys preferred laboratory procedures for microbiological analyses of foods and cosmetics.

https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-media-m99-motility-indole-ornithine-mio-medium

Indole was converted to 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde in the presence of DMF, POCl3, NaOH. 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde was taken and ...

http://journals.iucr.org/e/issues/2012/11/00/go2070/index.html

... indole

https://scitoys.com/scichem/jqp050/220463.html

Indole-3-carbinol, also called I3C, is a resulting compound that comes from eating vegetables such as Brussels sprouts, cabbage ... Busbee PB, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. Natural indoles, indole-3-carbinol and 3,3-diindolymethane, inhibit T cell activation ... Busbee PB, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. Natural indoles, indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and 3,3-diindolylmethane (DIM), attenuate ... Indole-3-carbinol and Tamoxifen cooperate to arrest the cell cycle of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 1999; 59:1244 ...

https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/indole-3-carbinol

Here we investigate the impact of indole and 7HI on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 virulence and quorum sensing (QS)-regula … ... and many bacterial oxygenases readily convert indole to various oxidized compounds including 7-hydroxyindole (7HI). ... Indole is an extracellular biofilm signal for Escherichia coli, ... Indole and 7HI both altered extensively gene expression in a ... Indole is an extracellular biofilm signal for Escherichia coli, and many bacterial oxygenases readily convert indole to various ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21261883/?dopt=Abstract

This invention relates to substituted pyridinylamino-1H-indoles, 1H-indazoles, 2H-indazoles, benzo[b]thiophenes and 1,2- ... N-(1-Methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)-N-(4-pyridinyl) carbamic acid methyl ester. A solution of methyl chloroformate (1.3 g) in 5 ml DCM ... Substituted pyridinylamino-1h-indoles,1h-indazoles,2h-indazoles, benzo (b)thiophenes and 1,2-benzisothiazoles. US 5185350 A ... 6. The compound as defined in claim 2 which is N-(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)-N-(4-pyridinyl)-2-(carbamic acid, phenylmethyl ester) ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5185350

Cruciferous veggies such as broccoli, cauliflower and more contain plant compounds that are important for optimal health, including chemoprotective compounds.

https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2018/08/27/indole-3-carbinol-in-broccoli.aspx

The effect of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a major indolic metabolite in cruciferous vegetables, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- ... Antiangiogenic activity of indole-3-carbinol in endothelial cells stimulated with activated macrophages. *Wang M ... The effect of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a major indolic metabolite in cruciferous vegetables, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- ...

https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/antiangiogenic-activity-indole3carbinol-endothelial-cells-stimulated-activated-macrophages-1/

Indol ställer ut i två montrar på pågående Nordbygg mässan som är nordens största bygg, VVS och värmepumps mässa. Monter A15:53 ... Indol ställer ut i två montrar på pågående Nordbygg mässan som är nordens största bygg, VVS och värmepumps mässa. Monter A15:53 ... Visar vi vårt sortiment av Indol varmvattenberedare. Vi har en inkopplad för att visa hur de faktiskt fungerar. Monter A27:41 ...

http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/indol/events/vi-staeller-ut-paa-nordbygg-maessan-stockholm-61490

What is indoles? Meaning of indoles as a legal term. What does indoles mean in law? ... Definition of indoles in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... Todo ello viene sintetizado en la expresion indole secular (Indoles saecularis).. La identidad de los cristianos laicos a la ... He continued the synthetic studies on indole alkaloids, added several new methodologies and new indole derivatives and ...

https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/indoles

Ime indol je formirano od reči indigo i oleum, jer je indol prvi put izolovan tretmanom indigo boje oleumom. ... Indol je čvrst na sobnoj temperaturi. Indol mogu da proizvedu bakterije kao degradacioni produkt aminokiseline triptofana. On ... Indol i njegovi derivati takođe mogu biti sintetisani različitim metodama.[9][10][11] Glavni industrijski putevi počinju od ... Indol se često sreće u mirisima i lekovima. Jedinjenja koja sadrže indolni prsten se nazivaju indolima.[6] Indolna ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indol

... indole reagent for microbiology; find Millipore-1.09293 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar ... Indole formation (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (WDCM 00013)): +. Indole formation (Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427): +. Indole ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/mm/109293?lang=en®ion=US

Nominated Substances: Indole. Nomination Date: 12/12/1990 Nominator: NASA Rationale: Lack of toxicological data; older studies indicate leukemogenic. NTP Principles: not specified More Detailed Information ...

https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/testing/noms/search/summary/nm-n91011.html

... Xiao Juan Yang1 and Yun ... Cyanuric chloride is an inexpensive, efficient, and mild catalyst for the Michael addition of indoles to nitroolefins at 70°C ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jchem/2013/429235/abs/

J. S. Biradar, Studies in the Indole field [Ph.D. thesis], Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, India, 1982. ... R. J. Sundberg, The Chemistry of Indoles, Academic Press, New York, NY, USA, 1996. ... J. S. Biradar, B. S. Sasidhar, and R. Parveen, "Synthesis, antioxidant and DNA cleavage activities of novel indole derivatives ... J. S. Biradar and B. S. Sasidhar, "Solvent-free, microwave assisted Knoevenagel condensation of novel 2,5-disubstituted indole ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jchem/2014/579612/ref/

An enzymatic cyclopentyl[b]indole formation involved in scytonemin biosynthesis.. Balskus EP1, Walsh CT. ... indole structure in this manner has little precedent in the chemical literature. Additional mechanistic experiments have ... converts L-tryptophan to indole-3 pyruvic acid (3). ScyA is a thiamin (ThDP)-dependent enzyme responsible for the ... thereby constructing the indole-fused cyclopentane moiety of the natural product. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19780555?dopt=Abstract

This invention relates to novel carboxylic acid indole compounds and compositions for use in the treatment of disease states ... Indole compounds for treating bacterial infections. WO2001030752A3 *. 20 Oct 2000. 22 Nov 2001. Chan George Wai Kin. Indole ... Anti-inflammatory indole derivatives. US6613760. 31 Ene 2000. 2 Sep 2003. Astrazeneca Ab. Indole derivatives and their use as ... Basically substituted indole derivatives. US5399699 *. 24 Ene 1994. 21 Mar 1995. Abbott Laboratories. Indole iminooxy ...

http://www.google.es/patents/US5955492?dq=flatulence

During these studies, the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with indolylborates has been proven to be an effective protocol for the preparation of substituted indole derivatives. (nii.ac.jp)
In this work linear dichroism (LD) in combination with fluorescence polarization anisotropy (FPA) and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) is used to investigate electronic excitations and excited states of indole derivatives, purine derivatives, the wye base, 2-phenylindole and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). (chalmers.se)
1Lb transitions, and the moment directions for the four lowest transitions in indole and eight selected methyl and methoxy derivatives are determined. (chalmers.se)

Diindoylymethane (DIM) is a component of Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) found in members of the Brassica family. (examine.com)
Diindolylmethane (DIM) is the primary pharmaceutically active acid-derived metabolic of Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) which is found in many Brassica vegetables via the mother compound glucobrassicin . (examine.com)
DIM is a partial effect of the digestion of a natural substance called indole-3-carbinol (I3C) which is found in the Brassica family of vegetables including broccoli, kale, brussels sprouts, cauliflower and others. (thebrain101.com)
When indole-3-carbinol is broken down by enzymes in the stomach, it creates Diindolylmethane. (thebrain101.com)

The production of indole has been widely used as an aid in differentiating certain genera and species within the same genus. (medexsupply.com)

Diindoylmethane is a molecule which is named after its structure, two indole groups attached to a methane group. (examine.com)

A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C8H7NO) of the indol group, obtained by the reduction of dioxindol. (everything2.com)

The Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis is an efficient method of synthesizing indole and substituted indoles. (wikipedia.org)
One of the oldest and most reliable methods for synthesizing substituted indoles is the Fischer indole synthesis, developed in 1883 by Emil Fischer. (wikipedia.org)
Although the synthesis of indole itself is problematic using the Fischer indole synthesis, it is often used to generate indoles substituted in the 2- and/or 3-positions. (wikipedia.org)
Indole can still be synthesized, however, using the Fischer indole synthesis by reacting phenylhydrazine with pyruvic acid followed by decarboxylation of the formed indole-2-carboxylic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Bartoli indole synthesis Bischler-Möhlau indole synthesis Cadogan-Sundberg indole synthesis Fukuyama indole synthesis Gassman indole synthesis Hemetsberger indole synthesis Larock indole synthesis Madelung synthesis Nenitzescu indole synthesis Reissert indole synthesis Baeyer-Emmerling indole synthesis In the Diels-Reese reaction dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate reacts with 1,2-diphenylhydrazine to an adduct, which in xylene gives dimethyl indole-2,3-dicarboxylate and aniline. (wikipedia.org)
Due to this activity, it is not surprising that the indole ring system has become an important building block or intermediate in the synthesis of many pharmaceutical agents. (sigmaaldrich.com)
1 Application of Pd-Catalyzed Annulation to the Synthesis of the Indole Acetic Acid. (thefreedictionary.com)
Phosphorylated indoles are widely used not only in pharmaceutical chemistry, but also in the field of fine organic synthesis and materials science. (springer.com)
Indole-7-carboxylic acid is an important raw material and intermediate used in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyestuff fields. (fishersci.ca)
The most recent advances on catalytic methods to achieve the synthesis of substituted indole are highlighted herein. (organic-chemistry.org)
have reported on a one-pot, three-component procedure for the synthesis of 2,3-substituted indoles based on Cacchi s protocol (Scheme 1). (organic-chemistry.org)
Scheme 3 - Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles using a Pd-catalyzed C-N/C-C coupling strategy. (organic-chemistry.org)
Synthesis and pharmacology of N-(pyridyalkyl)indoline and indoles" CA 70:19857, 1968. (patentgenius.com)
Indole-3-carbonitrile is used as a synthesis reagent for preparation of 4-substituted β-lactams, biologically active indoles, inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3), indole fragments as inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitors and HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. (alfa.com)
It is also used as a reactant for intramolecular oxidative C-H coupling reactions with applications in medium-ring synthesis techniques and for preparation of tryptophan dioxygenase inhibitors pyridyl-ethenyl-indoles as potential anticancer immunomodulators. (alfa.com)
Attia, M.I. Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of Certain New Isatin-Indole Molecular Hybrids. (mdpi.com)

In the 1930s, interest in indole intensified when it became known that the indole substituent is present in many important alkaloids (e.g., tryptophan and auxins), and it remains an active area of research today. (wikipedia.org)
The proposal aims at addressing the collective syntheses of a series of bioactive indole alkaloids (strictamine, aspidophylline A and alsmaphorazine C) from a common intermediate. (thefreedictionary.com)
Voafinidine and voalenine, a novel indoles of the aspidosperma alkaloids from Tabernaemontana. (thefreedictionary.com)
This review discusses the isolation, structural elucidation, and biological activities of halogenated indole alkaloids obtained from marine invertebrates. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
A compilation of the 13 C-NMR spectral data of these selected natural indole alkaloids is also provided. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The biological activity of marine indole alkaloids is clearly a product of the unique functionality and elements involved in the biosynthesis of marine natural products. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

The amino acid tryptophan is an indole derivative and the precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin. (wikipedia.org)
When indole is needed in the cell, it is usually produced from tryptophan by tryptophanase. (wikipedia.org)
The indole test is a biochemical test performed on bacterial species to determine the ability of the organism to convert tryptophan into indole. (wikipedia.org)
Indole is generated by reductive deamination from tryptophan via the intermediate molecule indolepyruvic acid. (wikipedia.org)
This is due to the presence of skatole, also known as methyl indole or methylated indole, another possible product of tryptophan degradation. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria that test positive for cleaving indole from tryptophan include: Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas punctata, Bacillus alvei, Edwardsiella sp. (wikipedia.org)
Indole can be produced by bacteria as a degradation product of the amino acid tryptophan . (lycaeum.org)
Indole is produced via anthranilate and is alkylated to give the amino acid tryptophan. (lycaeum.org)
Indeed, their studies showed, chemicals that posses a structure known as an indole ring -- including the essential amino acids L-tryptophan and L-proline -- provide "a more specific means of lowering the formation of mutagens" than had the antioxidants. (thefreedictionary.com)
ScyB, a leucine dehydrogenase homolog, converts L-tryptophan to indole-3 pyruvic acid ( 3 ). (nih.gov)
Tryptophan (Trp) and its indolic precursors are the sources of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), certain glucosinolates, and phytoalexins ( 3 ). (pnas.org)
Key words included: gut microbiota, indoles, indole and tryptophan. (eurekaselect.com)
Piotr Konopelski and Marcin Ufnal*, "Indoles - Gut Bacteria Metabolites of Tryptophan with Pharmacotherapeutic Potential", Current Drug Metabolism (2018) 19: 883. (eurekaselect.com)

Final products of the reaction are indole, pyruvic acid, ammonium (NH4+) and energy. (wikipedia.org)
i ) the indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) pathway [Trp → indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) → IAN → IAA] and ( ii ) the indole pyruvic acid (IPA) pathway (Trp → IPA → indole-3-acetaldehyde → IAA) ( 4 ). (pnas.org)

Additionally, these packets also contain phytonutrients such as sulforaphane and indoles (in cruciferous vegetables) and ellagic acid (in strawberries), which promote healthy cell function and development. (thefreedictionary.com)
Dietary indoles including indole-3-carbinol (I3C) found in cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, cabbage and Brussels sprouts, as well as its derivative, diindolylmethane (DIM) have also been known for their health benefits and for their anti-cancer properties. (labome.org)

An enzymatic cyclopentyl[b]indole formation involved in scytonemin biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
The addition of indole at 30 degrees C compared to 37 degrees C most significantly repressed genes involved in uridine monophosphate (UMP) biosynthesis (carAB, pyrLBI, pyrC, pyrD, pyrF and upp) and uracil transport (uraA). (nih.gov)
In Trp-independent IAA biosynthesis, indole-3-glycerol phosphate or indole is the likely precursor but little is known about the biochemical pathway to IAA. (pnas.org)
Taken together, our data suggest a model in which CYP79B2 and CYP79B3 metabolize Trp to IAOx that can be used for either IAA or indole glucosinolate biosynthesis. (pnas.org)

The indole subunit is a near-ubiquitous component of biologically active natural products, and its study has been a major focus of research for generations. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with formula C8H7N. (wikipedia.org)

[1] It condenses with serine via Michael addition of indole to PLP-aminoacrylate . (lycaeum.org)

Indole cell signaling occurs primarily at low temperatures in Escherichia coli. (nih.gov)
We have shown that the quorum-sensing signals acylhomoserine lactones, autoinducer-2 (AI-2) and indole influence the biofilm formation of Escherichia coli. (nih.gov)

Indole is widely distributed in the natural environment and can be produced by a variety of bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Like many biochemical tests on bacteria, results of an indole test are indicated by a change in color following a reaction with an added reagent. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria which give negative results for the indole test include: Actinobacillus spp. (wikipedia.org)
Lowering levels of toxic by-products: Harmful bacteria can produce toxins, such as indole , skatole, and methane because of their metabolic reaction to certain foods. (thefreedictionary.com)
But when it accompanies 200 ppm of indole (half of that haxane's bacteria-inhibiting dose), a mere 6. (thefreedictionary.com)
This study suggests Tyrian purple indole precursors could be obtained from opportunistic ubiquitous bacteria. (thefreedictionary.com)
brasilense cepa SP7 inducen a que la bacteria utilice varias rutas metabolicas para la sintesis de indoles y, en especial, AIA a partir del TRP. (thefreedictionary.com)
Methods: The PUBMED database and Google Scholar were searched to identify experimental and clinical studies investigating biological effects of gut bacteria-derived indoles. (eurekaselect.com)

Then, in 1866, Adolf von Baeyer reduced oxindole to indole using zinc dust. (wikipedia.org)
Så, i 1866 reduserte Adolf von Baeyer oxindol til indol ved hjelp av sinkstøv . (wikipedia.org)

Reaction of aniline and ethylene glycol to give indole. (lycaeum.org)

In female rats, they discovered that a specific indole , known as indole -3-carbinol, significantly boosted the rate at which an enzyme converted a form of estrogen to 2-hydroxyestrone, an inactive version that doesn't trigger mammary tumor growth. (thefreedictionary.com)
Indole 3-carbinol has cancer-preventive effects, but it has not been shown to treat cancer in humans. (mskcc.org)
Laboratory and animal studies suggest that indole-3-carbinol may prevent a variety of cancers, including estrogen-dependent cancers, but only one clinical trial has been performed. (mskcc.org)
Indole-3 carbinol may be beneficial in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. (greenmedinfo.com)
Anti-cancer and cardioprotective effects of indol-3-carbinol in doxorubicin-treated mice. (greenmedinfo.com)
Antiobesity activities of indole-3-carbinol in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. (greenmedinfo.com)
Attenuation of hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress by indole-3-carbinol and its metabolite 3, 3'- diindolylmethane. (greenmedinfo.com)
Both indole-3-carbinol and myo-inositol inhibit the development of vinyl carbamate induced pulmonary adenocarcinoma in mice. (greenmedinfo.com)
Enhanced inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma by combinatorial treatment with indole-3-carbinol and silibinin. (greenmedinfo.com)
Immunoregulatory effects of indole-3-carbinol on monocyte-derived macrophages in systemic lupus erythematosus. (greenmedinfo.com)
In vivo pharmacodynamics of indole-3-carbinol in the inhibition of prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma. (greenmedinfo.com)
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound found in vegetables of the Brassica genus, such as broccoli and cabbage, is a promising anticancer agent previously shown to induce a G(1) cell-cycle arrest in the cells of human lymph node carcinoma of prostate (LNCaP) through regulation of specific G(1)-acting cell-cycle components. (wellnessresources.com)
Indole-3-carbinol inhibition of androgen receptor expression and downregulation of androgen responsiveness in human prostate cancer cells. (wellnessresources.com)
Combinations of indole-3-carbinol and silibinin suppress inflammation-driven mouse lung tumorigenesis by modulating critical cell cycle regulators. (greenmedinfo.com)
We studied the efficacy of combinations of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and silibinin (Sil), 20µmol/g diet each, against mouse lung tumors induced by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and driven by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inflammatory agent and constituent of tobacco smoke. (greenmedinfo.com)
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring component of Brassica vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts, has been shown to reduce the incidence of spontaneous and carcinogen-induced mammary tumors. (wellnessresources.com)
Indole-3-carbinol inhibits the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase-6 and induces a G1 cell cycle arrest of human breast cancer cells independent of estrogen receptor signaling. (wellnessresources.com)
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a chemical found in vegetables of the broccoli family, is thought to possess cancer preventive properties. (portsmouthhospital.com)
What Is the Scientific Evidence for Indole-3-Carbinol? (portsmouthhospital.com)
Chemopreventive Properties of Indole-3-Carbinol, Diindolylmethane and Other Constitents of Cardamom Against Carcinogenesis. (rainbow.coop)
I was thinking of increasing the Indoplex to 240mg and possibly trying indole-3-carbinol. (anabolicminds.com)
Will the indole-3-carbinol be more effective than the Indoplex? (anabolicminds.com)
Indole-3-Carbinol after 11oxo when starting 6oxo? (anabolicminds.com)
Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) as part of PCT? (anabolicminds.com)
Determine the maximum tolerated dose of indole-3-carbinol in healthy participants. (knowcancer.com)
Arm I: Participants receive a single dose of oral indole-3-carbinol on day 1. (knowcancer.com)
Cohorts of 3 participants receive escalating doses of indole-3-carbinol until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is determined. (knowcancer.com)
Indole-3-Carbinol Assay data Indole-3-Carbinol 99.0% min. (lookchem.com)
Computer model of a molecule of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a powerful antioxidant found in vegetables of the cabbage family (cruciferous family). (sciencephoto.com)
Indole Plus provides the clinically recommended amount of stabilized Indole-3-Carbinol with a unique delivery system that maximizes the absorption and utilization of I3C. (bayho.com)
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded pilot trial was conducted, comparing the effects of Brassica consumption and indole-3-carbinol supplements on PSA among prostate cancer patients with PSA recurrence following prostectomy. (aicr.org)

In examining the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in supernatants of pink-pigmented facultativemethylotrophic (PPFMs) bacterial cultures, three out of the 16 isolates tested showed a positive reaction ina colorimetric assay. (springer.com)
Conclusion: Bacterial indoles affect the function of many biological systems. (eurekaselect.com)

3. The compound as defined in claim 2 which is 1-methyl-5-(propyl-4-pyridinylamino)-1H-indole. (google.com)
6. The compound as defined in claim 2 which is N-(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)-N-(4-pyridinyl)-2-(carbamic acid, phenylmethyl ester)acetamide hydrochloride. (google.com)
The title compound, C 27 H 22 N 2 O 2 , was synthesized by the reaction of indole-3-carb-aldehyde with 4-methoxyaceto-phenone and ammonium acetate in glycol under microwave irradiation. (ingentaconnect.com)
The title compound, C 34 H 30 N 4 O 2 , lies on an inversion center and consists of two 3-substituted-1 H -indole units linked by a 1,2-dimethyl-enehydrazine bridge. (iucr.org)
2. The compound as defined in claim 1, which is 3-hydroxyimino-4-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocyclopent[b]indol-7-ol. (patentgenius.com)

The last part of the thesis (Project IV) describes a C-2 selective arylation of indoles where diaryliodonium salts were used in combination with hetero-geneous palladium catalysis. (diva-portal.org)
A decarboxylative N -arylation of indole-2-carboxylic acids with aryl halides proceeds efficiently in the presence of Cu 2 O as the catalyst to give the corresponding N -aryl indoles in high yields. (organic-chemistry.org)
Direct palladium-catalyzed C-2 and C-3 arylation of indoles: a mechanistic rationale for regioselectivity. (biomedsearch.com)
We have recently developed palladium-catalyzed methods for direct arylation of indoles (and other azoles) wherein high C-2 selectivity was observed for both free (NH)-indole and (NR)-indole. (biomedsearch.com)
This paradigm was used to design new catalytic conditions for the C-3 arylation of indole. (biomedsearch.com)
In case of free (NH)-indole, regioselectivity of the arylation reaction (C-2 versus C-3) was achieved by the choice of magnesium base. (biomedsearch.com)

Neoechinuline: a new indole metabolite from Aspergillus amstelodami. (aspergillus.org.uk)

Other precursors to indole include formyltoluidine, 2-ethylaniline, and 2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanol, all of which undergo cyclizations. (wikipedia.org)

The metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was investigated in 14-d-old Arabidopsis plants grown in liquid culture. (plantphysiol.org)
Here, we review the available evidence on metabolism and biological effects of gut microbiota- derived indoles. (eurekaselect.com)
Ample evidence suggests that indoles derived from gut microbiota metabolism exert significant biological effects and may contribute to the etiology of cardiovascular, metabolic, and psychiatric diseases. (eurekaselect.com)

In 1869, he proposed a formula for indole (left). (wikipedia.org)

Il s'agit d'une source d'informations unique sur les substances chimiques fabriquées et importées en Europe. (europa.eu)

[1] I 1869 foreslo han formelen til indol (til venstre) som i dag er akseptert. (wikipedia.org)

Indol je aromatično heterociklično organsko jedinjenje . (wikipedia.org)
Indol-5,6-hinon je organsko jedinjenje , koje sadrži 8 atoma ugljenika i ima molekulsku masu od 147,131 Da . (wikipedia.org)

Indole chemistry began to develop with the study of the dye indigo. (wikipedia.org)

Indole undergoes electrophilic substitution, mainly at position 3 (see diagram in right margin). (wikipedia.org)
Indole undergoes electrophilic substitution , mainly at position 3. (lycaeum.org)
The mechanism of the iodination step is proposed to proceed via a Cu( III )-iodide species that undergoes electrophilic addition at the C3 position of the indole motif. (rsc.org)
On the basis of these findings, a mechanistic interpretation is presented that features an electrophilic palladation of indole, accompanied by a 1,2-migration of an intermediate palladium species. (biomedsearch.com)

The molecule occupies a crystallographic inversion center and consists of two 3-substituted 1 H -indole moieties linked by a (1E,2E)-1,2-dimethylenehydrazine bridge, one of numerous examples in which two aromatic ring systems are joined by this 4-atom bridge. (iucr.org)
Each technique provides complementary information specific to the photophysical processes in the indole molecule. (osti.gov)

Investigators previously reported that the heterocyclic aromatic amine 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC) -- the most abundant aromatic amine carcinogen formed in tobacco smoke and a rodent GI genotoxicant -- is present in the urine of tobacco smokers in a dose-dependent manner but is absent in the urine of nonsmokers. (fda.gov)
Subsequently, the development of efficient methods that allow rapid access to functionalized indoles with different substitution patterns (at C-2, C-3, N-atom and aromatic ring, Figure 1) constitutes an emerging area. (organic-chemistry.org)
There is some evidence that the indoles bind to a somewhat different site on the receptor than traditional cannabinoids, and interact with the receptor primarily by aromatic stacking. (eurekaselect.com)

Notably, sprouts of many broccoli cultivars contain negligible quantities of indole glucosinolates, which predominate in the mature vegetable and may give rise to degradation products (e. (thefreedictionary.com)
We have identified two Arabidopsis cytochrome P450s (CYP79B2 and CYP79B3) that can convert Trp to indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx), a precursor to IAA and indole glucosinolates. (pnas.org)

A set of 59 antitubulin agents with trimethoxyphenyl (TMP), indole, and C=O bridge present inhibition of gastric cancer cell line MNK-45. (intechopen.com)

We show in biofilms that indole addition leads to more extensive differential gene expression at 30 degrees C (186 genes) than at 37 degrees C (59 genes), that indole reduces biofilm formation (without affecting growth) more significantly at 25 and 30 degrees C than at 37 degrees C and that the effect is associated with the quorum-sensing protein SdiA. (nih.gov)
Immunoblot and quantitative RT-PCR assays revealed that I3C inhibited the expression of AR protein and mRNA levels within 12 h of indole treatment. (wellnessresources.com)

In this report we disclose the discovery that ScyC (NpR1274), an enzyme encoded by the scytonemin cluster, catalyzes cyclization and decarboxylation of ScyA product 2 to form ketone 5 , thereby constructing the indole-fused cyclopentane moiety of the natural product. (nih.gov)
Oxindole-3-acetic acid (OxIAA), OxIAA conjugated to a hexose moiety via the carboxyl group, and the conjugates indole-3-acetyl aspartic acid (IAAsp) and indole-3-acetyl glutamate (IAGlu) were identified by mass spectrometry as primary products of IAA fed to the plants. (plantphysiol.org)

On the basis of a proposed pharmacophore for the cannabimimetic indoles, a series of pyrroles and indenes were developed, some of which are potent cannabinoids. (eurekaselect.com)
Two groups have described cannabimimetic indenes, which have been employed as rigid models for the receptor interactions of cannabimimetic indoles with the CB1 receptor. (eurekaselect.com)

We have made an exciting observation that dietary indoles such as DIM can completely suppress the clinical disease in an experimental model of MS known as Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). (labome.org)
The I3C-mediated cell cycle arrest and repression of CDK6 production were also observed in estrogen receptor-deficient MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, which demonstrates that this indole can suppress the growth of mammary tumor cells independent of estrogen receptor signaling. (wellnessresources.com)

En av de eldste og mest pålitelige metoder for å syntetisere substituerte indoler er Fischer indolsyntese som ble utviklet i 1883 av Emil Fischer . (wikipedia.org)
Selv om syntesen av indol selv er problematisk med bruk av Fischer indolsyntese, blir den ofte brukt til å generere indolsubstitutter i 2- og/eller 3-posisjonene. (wikipedia.org)

Example of typical indole reactions Angen, O. (wikipedia.org)

A class of antitubulin agents, binding at colchicine (COL) site with an indole ring, was developed and underwent examinations for binding, antitubulin polymerization, and/or anticancer effects. (intechopen.com)

Moreover, the authors expanded the reaction scope to obtain 1,2,3-trisubstituted indoles by switching the order of addition of the two boronic acids. (organic-chemistry.org)
The reaction order was determined for iodobenzene (zero order), indole (first order), and the catalyst (first order). (biomedsearch.com)

These uracil-related genes are also repressed at 30 degrees C by SdiA, which confirms SdiA is involved in indole signaling. (nih.gov)

New isatin-indole molecular hybrids 5a - n have been synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic tools. (mdpi.com)

Production of gibberellins and indole-3-acetic acid by Rhizobium phaseoli in relation to nodulation of Phaseolus vulgaris roots. (springer.com)

The use of an equimolar amount of pyrrolidine and HClO 4 (30 mol%) was found to be effective in promoting the conjugate addition of indoles to ( E )-α,β-unsaturated ketones , affording the corresponding β-indolyl ketones in excellent yields. (rsc.org)

This method proved to be very effective in the preparation of several indoles 14 in good to high yields (Scheme 4), since Zn(OTf) 2 has the advantage of activating not only the C-2-addition of the alcohol but also the subsequent cyclization step. (organic-chemistry.org)

Organisms6

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs16

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes4

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science9

Health Care3

Induction of AT-specific DNA-interstrand crosslinks by bizelesin in genomic and simian virus 40 DNA. (1/9500)

Prior exposure to neurotrophins blocks inhibition of axonal regeneration by MAG and myelin via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. (2/9500)

Single synaptic events evoke NMDA receptor-mediated release of calcium from internal stores in hippocampal dendritic spines. (3/9500)

Role of dexamethasone dosage in combination with 5-HT3 antagonists for prophylaxis of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. (4/9500)

Pharmacology of LY315920/S-5920, [[3-(aminooxoacetyl)-2-ethyl-1- (phenylmethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]oxy] acetate, a potent and selective secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitor: A new class of anti-inflammatory drugs, SPI. (5/9500)

Glomerular size-selective dysfunction in NIDDM is not ameliorated by ACE inhibition or by calcium channel blockade. (6/9500)

Involvement of p21 in the PKC-induced regulation of the G2/M cell cycle transition. (7/9500)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C are required for the inhibition of caspase activity by epidermal growth factor. (8/9500)

Indoles

Indole Alkaloids

Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids

Tryptophan

Carbolines

Catharanthus

Tryptophanase

Skatole

Tryptophan Synthase

Cyclization

Indigo Carmine

Glucosinolates

Harmine

Rauwolfia

Aspidosperma

Molecular Structure

Tryptamines

Rubiaceae

Palladium

Vinca Alkaloids

Stereoisomerism

Indoleacetic Acids

Prenylation

Alkaloids

Catalysis

Dipterocarpaceae

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

ortho-Aminobenzoates

Dimethylallyltranstransferase

Chloride Peroxidase

Isatin

Alstonia

Escherichia coli

Monoterpenes

Phosphines

Heterocyclic Compounds

Lewis Acids

Melatonin

Structure-Activity Relationship

Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene

Lyngbya Toxins

Halogenation

5-Hydroxytryptophan

Models, Molecular

Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

Rhodium

Indican

Tabernaemontana

Indicators and Reagents

Acetic Anhydrides

Mutagens

Iridoid Glucosides

Bacteriological Techniques

Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Uncaria

Benzene Derivatives

Ibogaine

Molecular Sequence Data

Benzaldehydes

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Spectrometry, Fluorescence

Enterobacteriaceae

Oxidative Coupling

Apocynaceae

Acetonitriles

Binding Sites

Terpenes

Cinchona Alkaloids

Culture Media

Glycerophosphates

Xylenes

Nylons

Paenibacillus

Acrylates

Brassica

Psychotria

Alkynes

Mixed Function Oxygenases

Hemiterpenes

Iridoids