Unanticipated information discovered in the course of testing or medical care. Used in discussions of information that may have social or psychological consequences, such as when it is learned that a child's biological father is someone other than the putative father, or that a person tested for one disease or disorder has, or is at risk for, something else.
Interaction between research personnel and research subjects.
Revealing of information, by oral or written communication.
Research into the cause, transmission, amelioration, elimination, or enhancement of inherited disorders and traits.
A subdiscipline of human genetics which entails the reliable prediction of certain human disorders as a function of the lineage and/or genetic makeup of an individual or of any two parents or potential parents.
Persons who are enrolled in research studies or who are otherwise the subjects of research.
Truthful revelation of information, specifically when the information disclosed is likely to be psychologically painful ("bad news") to the recipient (e.g., revelation to a patient or a patient's family of the patient's DIAGNOSIS or PROGNOSIS) or embarrassing to the teller (e.g., revelation of medical errors).
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Research that involves the application of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to medicine.
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.
Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. It conducts and supports research into the mapping of the human genome and other organism genomes. The National Center for Human Genome Research was established in 1989 and re-named the National Human Genome Research Institute in 1997.
A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.
Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis.
Inflammation of the tongue.
That part of the genome that corresponds to the complete complement of EXONS of an organism or cell.
A mass of histologically normal tissue present in an abnormal location.
Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac that is lined by an EPITHELIUM. Cysts can be of normal, abnormal, non-neoplastic, or neoplastic tissues.
Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.
Hospital or other institutional committees established to protect the welfare of research subjects. Federal regulations (the "Common Rule" (45 CFR 46)) mandate the use of these committees to monitor federally-funded biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects.
Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
The partition separating the two NASAL CAVITIES in the midplane. It is formed by the SEPTAL NASAL CARTILAGE, parts of skull bones (ETHMOID BONE; VOMER), and membranous parts.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.
Individual's expression of desirability or value of one course of action, outcome, or selection in contrast to others.
Tumors in any part of the heart. They include primary cardiac tumors and metastatic tumors to the heart. Their interference with normal cardiac functions can cause a wide variety of symptoms including HEART FAILURE; CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS; or EMBOLISM.
Traumatic injuries to the cranium where the integrity of the skull is not compromised and no bone fragments or other objects penetrate the skull and dura mater. This frequently results in mechanical injury being transmitted to intracranial structures which may produce traumatic brain injuries, hemorrhage, or cranial nerve injury. (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p417)
Diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative procedures prescribed and performed by health professionals, the results of which do not justify the benefits or hazards and costs to the patient.
Those individuals engaged in research.
Detection of a MUTATION; GENOTYPE; KARYOTYPE; or specific ALLELES associated with genetic traits, heritable diseases, or predisposition to a disease, or that may lead to the disease in descendants. It includes prenatal genetic testing.
Systematic organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of specialized information, especially of a scientific or technical nature (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983). It often involves authenticating or validating information.
A situation in which an individual might benefit personally from official or professional actions. It includes a conflict between a person's private interests and official responsibilities in a position of trust. The term is not restricted to government officials. The concept refers both to actual conflict of interest and the appearance or perception of conflict.
Voluntary authorization, by a patient or research subject, with full comprehension of the risks involved, for diagnostic or investigative procedures, and for medical and surgical treatment.
Specialized hospital facilities which provide diagnostic and therapeutic services for trauma patients.
The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and LESSER PELVIS. The pelvic girdle is formed by the PELVIC BONES and SACRUM.
Postmortem examination of the body.

Ultrasound detection and perinatal outcome of fetal trisomies 21, 18 and 13 in the absence of a routine fetal anomaly scan or biochemical screening. (1/807)

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prenatal detection rate of abnormality (fetal anomaly or growth restriction) in pregnancies complicated by fetal trisomies 21, 18 and 13 in an obstetric population managed without routine biochemical or sonographic screening tests and to assess the perinatal outcome of these pregnancies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of obstetric and neonatal data pertaining to infants born with trisomy 21, 18 or 13 (n = 82) diagnosed between 1989 and 1997 (23 762 deliveries). RESULTS: Antenatal suspicion of aneuploidy, based on the detection of growth restriction or fetal anomaly, was present in 18.3% (11 of 60) of fetuses with trisomy 21, in 81.2% (13 of 16) of fetuses with trisomy 18, and in 83.3% (five of six) of fetuses with trisomy 13. The antenatal detection rates for growth restriction were accurate whereas the antenatal detection rates for fetal anomalies were poor. Intrauterine fetal death occurred in 18.8% of fetuses with trisomy 18 (three of 16) and in 50% (three of six) of cases of trisomy 13. For babies born alive with trisomy 18 or 13 the neonatal mortality was 93.8% (15 of 16). All cases of trisomy 21 fetuses survived beyond the perinatal period and the antepartum and intrapartum details of these pregnancies were unremarkable. CONCLUSION: In obstetric practice without routine biochemical or sonographic screening tests the detection of findings suggestive of aneuploidy is low for trisomy 21, but is high for trisomies 18 and 13. These findings provide information for counseling about the antenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal course of these trisomies.  (+info)

Incidental findings on pediatric MR images of the brain. (2/807)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies have addressed the prevalence of incidental findings in symptomatic and healthy adult populations. Our study aims to elucidate the prevalence of incidental findings in a healthy pediatric population. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 225 conventional brain MR imaging studies obtained during structural and functional brain imaging research in a cohort of neurologically healthy children (100 boys [44%] and 125 girls [56%]) ranging in age from younger than 1 month to 18 years. All MR images were reviewed, and two board-certified neuroradiologists categorized the findings by consensus. RESULTS: Incidental abnormalities were detected in 47 subjects (21%), while 79% of the images were normal. Of the 47 abnormalities detected, 17 (36%) required routine clinical referral; a single lesion (2%) required urgent referral. The occurrence of these findings in the male cohort was twice that of the female cohort; however, the percentage of subjects requiring either routine or urgent referral did not differ by sex (male subjects, 34%; female subjects, 39%). CONCLUSION: Although the frequency of clinically important incidental abnormalities was not high in the sample of children studied, the presence and variety of findings in any pediatric group is particularly important for both the welfare of the subject and for research in which knowledge of the subject's neurologic status is vital to the interpretation of the results. Despite the limitations of the study in terms of the age and ethnic distribution, this work highlights the need for the routine involvement of trained radiologists in these studies to ensure that such incidental findings are detected and that appropriate follow-up is provided.  (+info)

Post-radiation dedifferentiation of meningioma into osteosarcoma. (3/807)

BACKGROUND: A number of osteoblastic meningiomas, primary osteosarcomas of the meninges, and post-radiation osteosarcomas of the head have been reported. However, postradiation dedifferentiation of meningioma into osteosarcoma has not been reported previously. CASE PRESENTATION: In 1987 a caucasian man, then 38 years old, presented with a pituitary macroadenoma. He underwent a subtotal resection of the tumor and did well until 1990 when a recurrent tumor was diagnosed. This was treated with subtotal resection of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy for six weeks to a total of 54 Gy. He was considered "disease-free" for nearly ten years. However, most recently in July 2000, he presented with a visual field deficit due to a second recurrence of his pituitary macroadenoma, now with suprasellar extension. At this time, as an incidental finding, a mass attached to the dura was noted in the left parietal hemisphere. This dura-based mass had grown rapidly by January 2001 and was excised. It showed histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic features of malignant meningioma and osteosarcoma with a sharp demarcation between the two components. CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case of a radiation induced dedifferentiation of meningioma into osteosarcoma, which has not been reported previously.  (+info)

Low grade marginal zone B cell lymphoma of the breast associated with localised amyloidosis and corpora amylacea in a woman with long standing primary Sjogren's syndrome. (4/807)

Primary low grade marginal zone B cell lymphoma (MZL) of the breast and localised mammary amyloidosis are exceedingly rare entities. This report describes the case of a woman with long standing Sjogren's syndrome presenting with asymptomatic MZL of the breast showing plasmacytic differentiation, associated with local ductular amyloidosis. The lesion was discovered incidentally in breast tissue resected for microcalcifications. Immunohistochemistry revealed kappa light chain restriction, supporting the neoplastic nature of the infiltrate. A retrospective molecular study of the salivary gland biopsy showed a B cell clone. This is the first report of the association of human mammary ductular amyloidosis with cartwheel shaped material identical to corpora amylacea, usually seen in brain, lung, and prostate, but unknown in the human breast. The excellent outcome without treatment seen in this patient further emphasises the need to distinguish between MZL with plasmacytic differentiation and extramedullary plasmacytoma.  (+info)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and incidental carcinoma of the extrahepatic bilary tree. (5/807)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gallbladder carcinoma is found in 0.2% to 5% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy, and gallstones are found in 70% to 98% of patients with gallbladder carcinoma. Early diagnosis of carcinoma is difficult because of the absence of specific symptoms and the frequent association with chronic cholecystitis and gallstones. At present, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for the surgical treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis and other benign gallbladder diseases. The aims of this study were to evaluate retrospectively the incidence of occasional and occult gallbladder carcinomas to ascertain the effect of laparoscopy on diagnosis and treatment of unexpected extrahepatic biliary tree carcinomas and to assess possible guidelines that can be taken into consideration when the problem is encountered. METHODS: Clinical records of 3900 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were reviewed. Patients with occasional (intraoperative = Group A) or occult (postoperative = Group B) diagnosis of gallbladder or common bile duct carcinoma entered the study group. Follow-up data were obtained in June 2000. RESULTS: A total of 14 patients (0.35%), 3 men and 11 women, mean age 60.8 years (range 37 to 73) with extrahepatic biliary tree carcinoma were found. Occasional carcinomas occurred in 8 patients, occult carcinomas in 6. No deaths occurred in either group. The overall survival at mean follow-up of 30.5 months is 50%. Five patients are disease free, and 2 are alive with evidence of recurrence. DISCUSSION: In 2 large series of unselected consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomy, only 14 unsuspected malignant tumors of the extrahepatic biliary tree were found (0.35%). The limits of the preoperative workup and the difficult diagnosis of biliary tract carcinoma during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, has led to the present retrospective study and several significant recommendations.  (+info)

Incidental and symptomatic renal tumors: impact on patient survival. (6/807)

CONTEXT: Renal cell carcinoma is the third most frequent genitourinary neoplasia, and there is currently an increase in the incidental diagnosis of tumors confined to the kidneys. OBJECTIVE: To study the survival of patients with incidental and symptomatic renal tumors who have undergone nephrectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Hospital Sirio Libanes and Hospital Beneficencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo. PARTICIPANTS: 115 patients with diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, operated on by the same group of surgeons and evaluated by a single pathologist. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Sex, age and diagnosis method, analyzed in two groups, according to the tumor diagnosis: Group 1 with incidental diagnosis and Group 2 with symptomatic tumors. The anatomopathological characteristics and patient survival in both groups were evaluated. A statistical analysis was performed using the Student t, chi-squared, log rank and Kaplan-Meyer tests. RESULTS: Among the studied patients, 59(51%) had an incidental diagnosis, with 78% diagnosed by ultrasonography, 20% by computerized tomography scan and 2% during surgeries; 56 patients (49%) were symptomatic. Tumor locations were equally distributed between the two kidneys, and the surgery was conservative for 24% of the incidental and 9% of the symptomatic group. In the incidental group only one patient had tumor progression and there was no death, while in the symptomatic group there were 5 progressions and 10 deaths. The 5-year specific cancer-free survival was 100% in the incidental and 80% in the symptomatic group (p = 0.001) while the disease-free rate was 98% in the incidental and 62% in the symptomatic group (p < 0001). CONCLUSION: Incidental renal tumor diagnosis offers better prognosis, providing longer disease-free survival.  (+info)

A case of primary esophageal B-cell lymphoma of MALT type, presenting as a submucosal tumor. (7/807)

The primary esophageal lymphoma is extremely rare, and shows various morphologic characteristics. Only a single case of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type lymphoma confined to the esophagus has been reported in the literature. A 61-yr-old man was referred to our hospital for evaluation of an esophageal submucosal tumor (SMT) that had been detected incidentally by endoscopy. He had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis with long-term anti-tuberculosis medication 15 yr before, and also had a history of syphilis, which had been treated one year before. He had been taking a synthetic thyroid hormones for the past 10 months because of an autoimmune thyroiditis. Endoscopy showed a longitudinal round and tubular shaped smooth elevated lesion, which was covered with intact mucosa and located at the mid to distal esophagus, 31 cm to 39 cm from the incisor teeth. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) showed a huge longitudinal growing intermediate- to hypo-echoic mass located in the submucosal layer with internal small, various sized honeycomb-like anechoic lesions suggesting germinal centers. Subsequently, he underwent a surgery, which confirmed the mass as a primary esophageal low-grade B-cell lymphoma of MALT type.  (+info)

Role of the corpus callosum in functional connectivity. (8/807)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Regional cerebral blood flow fluctuates synchronously in corresponding brain regions between the hemispheres. This synchrony implies neuronal connections between brain regions. The synchrony of blood flow changes is defined operationally as functional connectivity. Our purpose was to measure functional connectivity in patients with corpus callosal agenesis, in whom the interhemispheric connectivity is hypothetically diminished. METHODS: In three patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum, functional MR imaging was performed while patients performed text-listening and finger-tapping tasks. Functional images were also acquired while the patients performed no specific task (resting state). Regions of activation temporally correlated with the performance of the tasks were identified by cross-correlating the task data with a reference function. Voxel clusters (seed voxels) that corresponded to regions of activation in the task-activation data set were selected in the resting data set. All the voxels in the resting 3D data set that had a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.4 were identified. The number of these voxels in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres was tabulated. RESULTS: In all patients, technically adequate functional MR and functional connectivity MR maps were obtained. For both tasks, activation was found in both hemispheres. For all of the seed voxels, significantly more functionally connected voxels were found in the ipsilateral hemisphere than in the contralateral hemisphere. For most seed voxels, no functionally connected voxels were found in the contralateral hemisphere. CONCLUSION: Interhemispheric functional connectivity in the motor and auditory cortices is diminished in patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum compared with that of healthy subjects.  (+info)

Incidental findings are diagnoses or conditions that are discovered unintentionally while evaluating a patient for a different condition or symptom. These findings are not related to the primary reason for the medical examination, investigation, or procedure. They can occur in various contexts such as radiology studies, laboratory tests, or physical examinations.

Incidental findings can sometimes lead to further evaluation and management, depending on their nature and potential clinical significance. However, they also pose challenges related to communication, informed consent, and potential patient anxiety or harm. Therefore, it is essential to have clear guidelines for managing incidental findings in clinical practice.

"Researcher-Subject Relations" generally refers to the interactions and relationship between researchers (including scientists, clinicians, and social scientists) and the individuals who participate in research studies as subjects or participants. This relationship is governed by ethical principles that aim to protect the rights and welfare of research subjects, while also allowing for the production of valid and reliable research findings.

The Belmont Report, a foundational document in the ethics of human subjects research in the United States, outlines three key ethical principles that should guide researcher-subject relations: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. These principles require researchers to obtain informed consent from potential research subjects, to minimize risks and maximize benefits, and to ensure fairness in the selection and treatment of research subjects.

Researcher-subject relations can take many forms, depending on the nature of the research and the characteristics of the research subjects. In some cases, research subjects may be patients who are receiving medical care, while in other cases they may be healthy volunteers who are participating in a study for compensation or other incentives. Researchers must be transparent about the purposes of the research, the potential risks and benefits, and the rights and responsibilities of research subjects, and must ensure that these issues are communicated in a clear and understandable manner.

Effective researcher-subject relations require trust, respect, and communication, as well as an understanding of the ethical principles and regulations that govern human subjects research. By building strong relationships with research subjects, researchers can help to ensure that their studies are conducted ethically and responsibly, while also producing valuable insights and knowledge that can benefit society as a whole.

In medical terms, disclosure generally refers to the act of revealing or sharing confidential or sensitive information with another person or entity. This can include disclosing a patient's medical history, diagnosis, treatment plan, or other personal health information to the patient themselves, their family members, or other healthcare providers involved in their care.

Disclosure is an important aspect of informed consent, as patients have the right to know their medical condition and the risks and benefits of various treatment options. Healthcare providers are required to disclose relevant information to their patients in a clear and understandable manner, so that they can make informed decisions about their healthcare.

In some cases, disclosure may also be required by law or professional ethical standards, such as when there is a legal obligation to report certain types of injuries or illnesses, or when there is a concern for patient safety. It is important for healthcare providers to carefully consider the potential risks and benefits of disclosure in each individual case, and to ensure that they are acting in the best interests of their patients while also protecting their privacy and confidentiality.

Genetic research is a branch of biomedical science that involves the study of genes, their functions, and heredity. It aims to understand how genetic variations contribute to human health and disease by using various scientific approaches such as genetics, genomics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and bioinformatics.

Genetic research can be conducted on humans, animals, or plants, and it can focus on a variety of areas including:

1. Identifying genes associated with specific diseases or traits
2. Understanding how genes are regulated and expressed
3. Investigating the role of genetic mutations in disease development
4. Developing new diagnostic tests and treatments based on genetic information
5. Exploring evolutionary relationships between species
6. Examining ethical, legal, and social implications of genetic research.

Genetic research has led to significant advances in our understanding of many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and neurological disorders. It also holds great promise for personalized medicine, which tailors treatments to individual patients based on their genetic makeup.

Medical genetics is the branch of medicine that involves the study of inherited conditions and diseases, as well as the way they are passed down through families. It combines elements of clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, and genetic counseling to help diagnose, manage, and prevent genetic disorders. Medical genetics also includes the study of genetic variation and its role in contributing to both rare and common diseases. Additionally, it encompasses the use of genetic information for pharmacological decision making (pharmacogenomics) and reproductive decision making (preimplantation genetic diagnosis, prenatal testing).

A research subject, also commonly referred to as a "human subject" or "participant," is an individual who takes part in a research study or clinical trial. Research subjects are essential for the advancement of medical and scientific knowledge, as they provide data that can help researchers understand various phenomena, develop new treatments, and improve existing ones.

The term "research subject" emphasizes the ethical considerations involved in conducting research with human participants. It highlights the importance of protecting their rights, dignity, and well-being throughout the study. Researchers must obtain informed consent from subjects before enrolling them in a study, ensuring that they understand the purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits associated with the research.

Additionally, researchers are required to follow strict guidelines and regulations to minimize any harm or discomfort to the research subjects during the study. These guidelines may include requirements for data confidentiality, privacy protection, and monitoring of adverse events. Overall, treating research subjects with respect and care is crucial in maintaining the integrity of medical research and ensuring its societal benefits.

"Truth disclosure" is not a standard term in medicine, but it may refer to the act of revealing or expressing the truth, particularly in the context of medical communication. This can include:

1. Informed Consent: Disclosing all relevant information about a medical treatment or procedure, including its risks and benefits, so that a patient can make an informed decision about their care.
2. Breaking Bad News: Communicating difficult medical news to patients honestly, clearly, and compassionately, such as telling a patient they have a serious illness.
3. Medical Error Disclosure: Admitting and explaining mistakes made in the course of medical treatment, including any harm that may have resulted.
4. Research Integrity: Disclosing all relevant information and conflicts of interest in the conduct and reporting of medical research.

The term "truth disclosure" is not commonly used in these contexts, but the principle of honesty and transparency in medical communication is a fundamental aspect of ethical medical practice.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Biomedical research is a branch of scientific research that involves the study of biological processes and diseases in order to develop new treatments and therapies. This type of research often involves the use of laboratory techniques, such as cell culture and genetic engineering, as well as clinical trials in humans. The goal of biomedical research is to advance our understanding of how living organisms function and to find ways to prevent and treat various medical conditions. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including molecular biology, genetics, immunology, pharmacology, and neuroscience, among others. Ultimately, the aim of biomedical research is to improve human health and well-being.

Brain diseases, also known as neurological disorders, refer to a wide range of conditions that affect the brain and nervous system. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as genetics, infections, injuries, degeneration, or structural abnormalities. They can affect different parts of the brain, leading to a variety of symptoms and complications.

Some examples of brain diseases include:

1. Alzheimer's disease - a progressive degenerative disorder that affects memory and cognitive function.
2. Parkinson's disease - a movement disorder characterized by tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with coordination and balance.
3. Multiple sclerosis - a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the nervous system and can cause a range of symptoms such as vision loss, muscle weakness, and cognitive impairment.
4. Epilepsy - a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
5. Brain tumors - abnormal growths in the brain that can be benign or malignant.
6. Stroke - a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, which can cause paralysis, speech difficulties, and other neurological symptoms.
7. Meningitis - an infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
8. Encephalitis - an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or autoimmune disorders.
9. Huntington's disease - a genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination, cognitive function, and mental health.
10. Migraine - a neurological condition characterized by severe headaches, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Brain diseases can range from mild to severe and may be treatable or incurable. They can affect people of all ages and backgrounds, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving outcomes and quality of life.

A fibroma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that consists primarily of fibrous or connective tissue. It can occur in various parts of the body, including the skin, mouth, and internal organs. The term "fibroma" is often used to describe any benign fibrous growth, but there are specific types of fibromas such as dermatofibroma (found in the skin), oral fibroma (found in the mouth), and benign fibrous histiocytoma (found in soft tissues).

It's important to note that while fibromas are generally harmless, they can cause discomfort or problems depending on their size and location. If a fibroma is causing issues or there's concern about its growth or malignancy, it should be evaluated by a healthcare professional for potential removal or further assessment.

Pulpitis is a dental term that refers to the inflammation of the pulp, which is the soft tissue inside the center of a tooth that contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. The pulp helps to form the dentin, the hard layer beneath the enamel. Pulpitis can result from tooth decay, dental trauma, or other factors that cause damage to the tooth's protective enamel and dentin layers, exposing the pulp to irritants and bacteria.

There are two types of pulpitis: reversible and irreversible. Reversible pulpitis is characterized by mild inflammation that can be treated and potentially reversed with dental intervention, such as a filling or root canal treatment. Irreversible pulpitis, on the other hand, involves severe inflammation that cannot be reversed, and typically requires a root canal procedure to remove the infected pulp tissue and prevent further infection or damage to the tooth.

Symptoms of pulpitis may include tooth sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, pain or discomfort when biting down or applying pressure to the tooth, and in some cases, spontaneous or radiating pain. If left untreated, pulpitis can lead to more serious dental issues, such as abscesses or bone loss around the affected tooth.

Glossitis is a medical term that refers to inflammation of the tongue. This condition can cause symptoms such as swelling, redness, pain, and smoothness or discoloration of the tongue's surface. Glossitis can have various causes, including nutritional deficiencies (such as vitamin B12 or folate deficiency), allergic reactions, infections (bacterial, viral, or fungal), irritants (such as hot and spicy foods, alcohol, or tobacco), and autoimmune disorders (such as pemphigus vulgaris or lichen planus). Treatment for glossitis depends on the underlying cause.

The exome is the part of the genome that contains all the protein-coding regions. It represents less than 2% of the human genome but accounts for about 85% of disease-causing mutations. Exome sequencing, therefore, is a cost-effective and efficient method to identify genetic variants associated with various diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and inherited genetic conditions.

A choristoma is a type of growth that occurs when normally functioning tissue is found in an abnormal location within the body. It is not cancerous or harmful, but it can cause problems if it presses on surrounding structures or causes symptoms. Choristomas are typically congenital, meaning they are present at birth, and are thought to occur due to developmental errors during embryonic growth. They can be found in various organs and tissues throughout the body, including the brain, eye, skin, and gastrointestinal tract.

A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division between the sac and its surrounding tissue, that contains fluid, air, or semisolid material. Cysts can occur in various parts of the body, including the skin, internal organs, and bones. They can be caused by various factors, such as infection, genetic predisposition, or blockage of a duct or gland. Some cysts may cause symptoms, such as pain or discomfort, while others may not cause any symptoms at all. Treatment for cysts depends on the type and location of the cyst, as well as whether it is causing any problems. Some cysts may go away on their own, while others may need to be drained or removed through a surgical procedure.

Diagnostic imaging is a medical specialty that uses various technologies to produce visual representations of the internal structures and functioning of the body. These images are used to diagnose injury, disease, or other abnormalities and to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. Common modalities of diagnostic imaging include:

1. Radiography (X-ray): Uses ionizing radiation to produce detailed images of bones, teeth, and some organs.
2. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Combines X-ray technology with computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the body.
3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to generate detailed images of soft tissues, organs, and bones.
4. Ultrasound: Employs high-frequency sound waves to produce real-time images of internal structures, often used for obstetrics and gynecology.
5. Nuclear Medicine: Involves the administration of radioactive tracers to assess organ function or detect abnormalities within the body.
6. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: Uses a small amount of radioactive material to produce detailed images of metabolic activity in the body, often used for cancer detection and monitoring treatment response.
7. Fluoroscopy: Utilizes continuous X-ray imaging to observe moving structures or processes within the body, such as swallowing studies or angiography.

Diagnostic imaging plays a crucial role in modern medicine, allowing healthcare providers to make informed decisions about patient care and treatment plans.

An Ethics Committee for Research, also known as an Institutional Review Board (IRB), is a group that has been formally designated to review, approve, monitor, and revise biomedical and behavioral research involving humans. The purpose of the committee is to ensure that the rights and welfare of the participants are protected and that the risks involved in the research are minimized and reasonable in relation to the anticipated benefits.

The committee typically includes members with various backgrounds, including scientists, non-scientists, and community members. They review the research protocol, informed consent documents, and any other relevant materials to ensure that they meet ethical standards and regulations. The committee also monitors the progress of the research to ensure that it continues to be conducted in an ethical manner.

The role of ethics committees for research is critical in protecting human subjects from harm and ensuring that research is conducted with integrity, respect, and transparency.

Paranasal sinus diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the paranasal sinuses, which are air-filled cavities located within the skull near the nasal cavity. These sinuses include the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses.

Paranasal sinus diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, allergies, structural abnormalities, or autoimmune disorders. Some common paranasal sinus diseases include:

1. Sinusitis: Inflammation or infection of the sinuses, which can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, thick nasal discharge, facial pain or pressure, and reduced sense of smell.
2. Nasal polyps: Soft, benign growths that develop in the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses, which can obstruct airflow and cause difficulty breathing through the nose.
3. Sinonasal tumors: Abnormal growths that can be benign or malignant, which can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pain, and bleeding from the nose.
4. Sinus cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that form in the sinuses, which can cause symptoms similar to those of sinusitis.
5. Fungal sinusitis: Infection of the sinuses with fungi, which can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pain, and thick, discolored mucus.

Treatment for paranasal sinus diseases depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Treatment options may include medications, such as antibiotics, antihistamines, or corticosteroids, as well as surgical intervention in more severe cases.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

The nasal septum is the thin, flat wall of bone and cartilage that separates the two sides (nostrils) of the nose. Its primary function is to support the structures of the nose, divide the nostrils, and regulate airflow into the nasal passages. The nasal septum should be relatively centered, but it's not uncommon for a deviated septum to occur, where the septum is displaced to one side, which can sometimes cause blockage or breathing difficulties in the more affected nostril.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

Genomics is the scientific study of genes and their functions. It involves the sequencing and analysis of an organism's genome, which is its complete set of DNA, including all of its genes. Genomics also includes the study of how genes interact with each other and with the environment. This field of study can provide important insights into the genetic basis of diseases and can lead to the development of new diagnostic tools and treatments.

Patient preference, in the context of medical decision-making, refers to the individual desires, values, and concerns that a patient considers when choosing between different treatment options. It is based on the patient's own experiences, beliefs, and needs, and may take into account factors such as potential benefits, risks, side effects, costs, and convenience. Patient preferences should be respected and integrated into clinical decision-making processes whenever possible, in order to promote patient-centered care and improve outcomes.

Heart neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop within the heart tissue. They can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors, such as myxomas and rhabdomyomas, are typically slower growing and less likely to spread, but they can still cause serious complications if they obstruct blood flow or damage heart valves. Malignant tumors, such as angiosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas, are fast-growing and have a higher risk of spreading to other parts of the body. Symptoms of heart neoplasms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and irregular heart rhythms. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the tumor, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

A closed head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that occurs when there is no penetration or breakage of the skull. The brain is encased in the skull and protected by cerebrospinal fluid, but when the head experiences a sudden impact or jolt, the brain can move back and forth within the skull, causing it to bruise, tear blood vessels, or even cause nerve damage. This type of injury can result from various incidents such as car accidents, sports injuries, falls, or any other event that causes the head to suddenly stop or change direction quickly.

Closed head injuries can range from mild (concussion) to severe (diffuse axonal injury, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma), and symptoms may not always be immediately apparent. They can include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, memory loss, difficulty concentrating, mood changes, sleep disturbances, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness, seizures, or even coma. It is essential to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect a closed head injury, as prompt diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the outcome.

'Unnecessary procedures' in a medical context refer to diagnostic or therapeutic interventions that are not indicated based on established guidelines, evidence-based medicine, or the individual patient's needs and preferences. These procedures may not provide any benefit to the patient, or the potential harm may outweigh the expected benefits. They can also include tests, treatments, or surgeries that are performed in excess of what is medically necessary, or when there are less invasive, cheaper, or safer alternatives available.

Unnecessary procedures can result from various factors, including defensive medicine (ordering extra tests or procedures to avoid potential malpractice claims), financial incentives (providers or institutions benefiting financially from performing more procedures), lack of knowledge or awareness of evidence-based guidelines, and patient pressure or anxiety. It is essential to promote evidence-based medicine and shared decision-making between healthcare providers and patients to reduce the frequency of unnecessary procedures.

Research personnel, in the context of medical and scientific research, refers to individuals who are involved in the design, conduct, or reporting of research studies. This can include, but is not limited to, principal investigators, co-investigators, research assistants, research coordinators, data managers, biostatisticians, and laboratory technicians. These individuals may have various levels of education, training, and expertise, and their roles and responsibilities will depend on the specific research study and their individual qualifications. It is important for research personnel to adhere to ethical guidelines and regulations in order to ensure the integrity and validity of research findings.

Genetic testing is a type of medical test that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins. The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person's chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder. Genetic tests are performed on a sample of blood, hair, skin, amniotic fluid (the fluid that surrounds a fetus during pregnancy), or other tissue. For example, a physician may recommend genetic testing to help diagnose a genetic condition, confirm the presence of a gene mutation known to increase the risk of developing certain cancers, or determine the chance for a couple to have a child with a genetic disorder.

There are several types of genetic tests, including:

* Diagnostic testing: This type of test is used to identify or confirm a suspected genetic condition in an individual. It may be performed before birth (prenatal testing) or at any time during a person's life.
* Predictive testing: This type of test is used to determine the likelihood that a person will develop a genetic disorder. It is typically offered to individuals who have a family history of a genetic condition but do not show any symptoms themselves.
* Carrier testing: This type of test is used to determine whether a person carries a gene mutation for a genetic disorder. It is often offered to couples who are planning to have children and have a family history of a genetic condition or belong to a population that has an increased risk of certain genetic disorders.
* Preimplantation genetic testing: This type of test is used in conjunction with in vitro fertilization (IVF) to identify genetic changes in embryos before they are implanted in the uterus. It can help couples who have a family history of a genetic disorder or who are at risk of having a child with a genetic condition to conceive a child who is free of the genetic change in question.
* Pharmacogenetic testing: This type of test is used to determine how an individual's genes may affect their response to certain medications. It can help healthcare providers choose the most effective medication and dosage for a patient, reducing the risk of adverse drug reactions.

It is important to note that genetic testing should be performed under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional who can interpret the results and provide appropriate counseling and support.

In a medical context, documentation refers to the process of recording and maintaining written or electronic records of a patient's health status, medical history, treatment plans, medications, and other relevant information. The purpose of medical documentation is to provide clear and accurate communication among healthcare providers, to support clinical decision-making, to ensure continuity of care, to meet legal and regulatory requirements, and to facilitate research and quality improvement initiatives.

Medical documentation typically includes various types of records such as:

1. Patient's demographic information, including name, date of birth, gender, and contact details.
2. Medical history, including past illnesses, surgeries, allergies, and family medical history.
3. Physical examination findings, laboratory and diagnostic test results, and diagnoses.
4. Treatment plans, including medications, therapies, procedures, and follow-up care.
5. Progress notes, which document the patient's response to treatment and any changes in their condition over time.
6. Consultation notes, which record communication between healthcare providers regarding a patient's care.
7. Discharge summaries, which provide an overview of the patient's hospital stay, including diagnoses, treatments, and follow-up plans.

Medical documentation must be clear, concise, accurate, and timely, and it should adhere to legal and ethical standards. Healthcare providers are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of patients' medical records and ensuring that they are accessible only to authorized personnel.

A conflict of interest (COI) is a situation in which a person or organization has dual loyalties or is in a position to exploit their professional or personal relationships for personal or institutional gain. In the medical field, COIs can arise when healthcare providers, researchers, or institutions have financial or other interests that may influence their judgment or actions in providing care, conducting research, or making recommendations.

Examples of conflicts of interest in medicine include:

* A physician who has a financial relationship with a pharmaceutical company and receives compensation for promoting the company's products to patients or colleagues.
* A researcher who owns stock in a company that is funding their study and may stand to benefit financially from positive results.
* An institution that accepts funding from industry partners for research or educational programs, which could potentially influence the outcomes of the research or bias the education provided.

COIs can compromise the integrity of medical research, patient care, and professional judgment. Therefore, it is essential to disclose and manage COIs transparently to maintain trust in the healthcare system and ensure that decisions are made in the best interests of patients and society as a whole.

Informed consent is a process in medical care where patients are provided with all relevant information about their health status, proposed treatments, potential risks and benefits, and alternative options. This allows patients to make informed decisions regarding their healthcare and understand the consequences of their choices. The process includes ensuring that the patient has adequate mental capacity to make such decisions, is fully aware of the implications, and gives their voluntary agreement for the proposed treatment or procedure. It's a fundamental principle in medical ethics and is required by law in many jurisdictions to protect patients' rights.

A Trauma Center is a hospital that has specialized resources and capabilities to provide comprehensive care for severely injured patients. It is a designated facility that has met strict criteria established by the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and/or state or regional trauma systems. These criteria include having a dedicated trauma team, available 24/7, with specially trained healthcare professionals who can promptly assess, resuscitate, operate, and provide critical care to patients suffering from traumatic injuries.

Trauma centers are categorized into levels (I-V), based on the resources and capabilities they offer. Level I trauma centers have the highest level of resources and are capable of providing comprehensive care for all types of traumatic injuries, including conducting research and offering education in trauma care. In contrast, lower-level trauma centers may not have the same extent of resources but still provide essential trauma care services to their communities.

The primary goal of a trauma center is to ensure that severely injured patients receive prompt, high-quality care to minimize the risk of complications, reduce long-term disability, and improve overall outcomes.

The pelvis is the lower part of the trunk, located between the abdomen and the lower limbs. It is formed by the fusion of several bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis (which together form the hip bone on each side), and the sacrum and coccyx in the back. The pelvis has several functions including supporting the weight of the upper body when sitting, protecting the lower abdominal organs, and providing attachment for muscles that enable movement of the lower limbs. In addition, it serves as a bony canal through which the reproductive and digestive tracts pass. The pelvic cavity contains several vital organs such as the bladder, parts of the large intestine, and in females, the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.

An autopsy, also known as a post-mortem examination or obduction, is a medical procedure in which a qualified professional (usually a pathologist) examines a deceased person's body to determine the cause and manner of death. This process may involve various investigative techniques, such as incisions to study internal organs, tissue sampling, microscopic examination, toxicology testing, and other laboratory analyses. The primary purpose of an autopsy is to gather objective evidence about the medical conditions and factors contributing to the individual's demise, which can be essential for legal, insurance, or public health purposes. Additionally, autopsies can provide valuable insights into disease processes and aid in advancing medical knowledge.

A collection of essays by physician-writer Danielle Ofri, Incidental Findings: Lessons from my Patients in the Art of Medicine ... The essay Living Will from Incidental Findings was selected by Susan Orlean for Best American Essays 2005. The essay Common ... Ofri, Danielle (2006-04-15). Incidental Findings: Lessons From My Patients in the Art of Medicine. Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0- ... Ground from Incidental Findings was selected by Oliver Sacks for Best American Science Writing 2003 and given Honorable Mention ...
Incidental findings are common in imaging. For instance, around 1 in every 3 cardiac MRIs result in an incidental finding. ... In medical or research imaging, an incidental imaging finding (also called an incidentaloma) is an unanticipated finding which ... "Managing Incidental Thyroid Nodules Detected on Imaging: White Paper of the ACR Incidental Thyroid Findings Committee". Journal ... the number of incidental findings also increases.[citation needed] Incidental adrenal masses on imaging are common (0.6 to 1.3 ...
Incidental findings in neuroimaging are common, with the prevalence of neoplastic incidental brain findings increasing with age ... Incidental medical findings are previously undiagnosed medical or psychiatric conditions that are discovered unintentionally ... Even in healthy subjects acting as controls in research incidental findings are not rare. As most neuroimaging studies are ... They often remain undiagnosed, and are often an incidental finding during autopsy. Microadenomas (. ...
Author of What Doctors Feel; Incidental Findings; Medicine in Translation; What Patients Say, What Doctors Hear; When We Do ... Incidental Findings; Medicine in Translation; What Patients Say, What Doctors Hear; When We Do Harm, and Singular Intimacies: ... new findings in medical research and technology; wrote Doctors' Wives Benjamin Spock (1903-1988) - American pediatrician, wrote ...
... they are usually incidental findings. About one in 10,000 is malignant. Thus, a biopsy is rarely called for, especially if the ...
It is commonly an incidental finding. Renal medullary fibromas are typically asymptomatic. Renal medullary fibromas are ...
... an incidental finding on abdominal sonogram; or an incidental finding of abnormal kidney function on routine lab work (BUN, ...
... is often an incidental finding. It can be diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging and/or micturating ...
... (June 1, 2008). "Incidental findings in genetics research using archived DNA". Journal of Law, Medicine & ... "Managing incidental findings in human subjects research: analysis and recommendations". The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. ... "incidental findings," patient autonomy, and shared decision making". JAMA. 310 (4): 367-368. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.41700. PMID ...
"Triorchidism : An Incidental Finding And Review Of Literature" (PDF). Retrieved 21 March 2012. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ...
Goodwin, J.T., Decroff, C., Dauway, E., Sybenga, A. and Mahabir, R.C. (2013). The management of incidental findings of ...
It may also present as an incidental, radiographic finding. Radiographically, a radiolucent area of uniform density within the ...
... s are usually noted as incidental radiographic findings. Radiographically they can be seen as unilocular ... Early findings of recurrence can be easily treated with minor surgery and curretage. Any fragment of the cyst that is left ...
It is a common incidental finding on knee radiographs. It is named for the Italian surgeon A. Pellegrini (b. 1877) and the ...
Incidental findings on brain MRI in the general population. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 1;357(18):1821-8. Meurs JB van, et al. ... This has made the findings in these studies generally useful for public health purposes, as well as for clinical medicine. ...
When using imaging to find the cause of a complaint, another unrelated finding may be found known as an incidental finding. ... A gallstone may be asymptomatic and only discovered as an incidental finding. Easily spreadable viral infections such as COVID- ... O'Sullivan, JW; Muntinga, T; Grigg, S; Ioannidis, JPA (18 June 2018). "Prevalence and outcomes of incidental imaging findings: ... A noted significance detected during an examination or from a medical test may be known as a medical finding. Ascites Nail ...
Weber F, Knopf H (January 2006). "Incidental findings in magnetic resonance imaging of the brains of healthy young men". J. ... Frequently, arachnoid cysts are incidental findings on MRI scans performed for other clinical reasons. In practice, diagnosis ... "Incidental findings on brain MRI in the general population". N. Engl. J. Med. 357 (18): 1821-8. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa070972. PMID ...
Lumbreras B, Donat L, Hernández-Aguado I (April 2010). "Incidental findings in imaging diagnostic tests: a systematic review". ... and the findings illustrate the complex issues associated with cancer screening. Fenton reports that the screening of 1,000 men ... based screening for prostate cancer finding, "there is a very small potential benefit and significant potential harms" and ...
Unlike ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), LCIS is not associated with calcification, and is typically an incidental finding in a ... Lobular lesions are incidental findings without reliable clinical correlations. Routine mammograms showing suspicious ... Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is an incidental microscopic finding with characteristic cellular morphology and multifocal ... The mechanism for these findings is explained by E-cadherin normally interacting with p120 catenin in the cytoplasm. When e- ...
"Incidental finding of lipaemia retinalis on diabetic retinal screening". Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports. ...
In most patients, optic disc drusen are an incidental finding. It is important to differentiate them from other conditions that ... Kapur R, Pulido JS, Abraham JL, Sharma M, Buerk B, Edward DP (January 2008). "Histologic findings after surgical excision of ...
It is usually an incidental finding on a routine ECG. First-degree heart block does not require any particular investigations ...
A patent foramen ovale may also be an incidental finding. Coronary arteries "foramen". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved ...
Odontomes are rare entities and usually asymptomatic; they are often incidental findings on routine dental radiographic ...
They almost always are incidental findings after a surgical procedure. No specific treatment or follow up is necessary. ... Ganapathi KA, Paczos T, George MD, Goodloe S, Balos LL, Chen F (September 2010). "Incidental finding of placental ... Lee SW, Kim MY, Chung JH, Yang JH, Lee YH, Chun YK (February 2010). "Clinical findings of multiple pregnancy with a complete ...
... incidental and non-incidental thyroid findings from CT scans. It will also include the most common incidental thyroid findings ... The aim of this article is to provide a pictorial review of a broad spectrum of incidental and non-incidental thyroid findings ... ITNs are one of the most common incidental findings on neck imaging. ITNs are reported in up to 25% of chest CT scans, and in ... The CT scan findings of thyroiditis are nonspecific and variable (Figs. 14, 1515 and and16)16). The thyroid gland has a very ...
This frequently is an incidental finding on a routine physician visit. Most often the lymphocyte count is greater than 5000 ... Diagnosis is typically based on blood tests finding high numbers of mature lymphocytes and smudge cells. Early-stage CLL in ... The findings, which were published in August 2011,[non-primary source needed] were based on data from three patients who had ...
Her second book, Incidental Findings: Lessons from my Patients in the Art of Medicine, was published in 2005. It explores the ... Ofri, Danielle (April 2006). Incidental Findings: Lessons from My Patients in the Art of Medicine. Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0- ...
Other risks include incidental findings-a discovery of some possible problem found while looking for something else. In 2013 ... Powledge, Tabitha M. (24 March 2015). "What should be done with unsettling 'incidental findings' in gene screens?". Genetic ... Research testing - includes finding unknown genes, learning how genes work and advancing understanding of genetic conditions. ...
March 2015). "Actionable exomic incidental findings in 6503 participants: challenges of variant classification". Genome ...
A collection of essays by physician-writer Danielle Ofri, Incidental Findings: Lessons from my Patients in the Art of Medicine ... The essay Living Will from Incidental Findings was selected by Susan Orlean for Best American Essays 2005. The essay Common ... Ofri, Danielle (2006-04-15). Incidental Findings: Lessons From My Patients in the Art of Medicine. Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0- ... Ground from Incidental Findings was selected by Oliver Sacks for Best American Science Writing 2003 and given Honorable Mention ...
cMRI benefits from a large field of view but, consequently, may capture incidental extracardiac findings (IEFs). We aimed to ... cMRI can characterize incidental findings with high accuracy in most cases. ... IEFs on cMRI are not uncommon and lesions with mild or no clinical significance represent the most frequent findings. ... A significant number of patients who underwent cMRI had incidental and clinically significant IEFs (2% of the population, ...
Incidental findings involving cancer susceptibility genes detected by germline chromosomal microarray presented at the ASHG ... Incidental findings involving cancer susceptibility genes detected by germline chromosomal microarray Incidental Findings ... Incidental findings involving cancer susceptibility genes detected by germline chromosomal microarray. Authors: Weltmer EC, ...
... knowing how frequently these findings appear can help with decision-making. ... Incidental Findings Appear on Brain MRI Scans of More Than 20 Percent of Children. March 23, 2021. Whitney J. Palmer ... More than 20 percent of children have incidental findings (IF) that show up on brain MRI scans. Knowing how commonly some ... "Overall, our findings support earlier smaller studies that suggested a relatively higher rate of IFs in the general pediatric ...
... that is a lot of incidental findings.5. The number of incidental radiographic findings varies anatomically, with multiple ... the benign incidental findings may lead to workups that are not so benign. The long-term management of these incidental ... or documentation of findings in the discharge paperwork.3 Accounting for incidental findings in a busy emergency department can ... Unexpected Discoveries: The Not-So-Incidental Radiographic Finding. 6/10/2014 Whitney K. Bryant, MD, MPH , Joshua Denney, MD ...
IRB Standard Consent Language to be used in incidental findings consent templates. ... Suggested Consent Language: Incidental Findings. Procedure Language. Copy/Paste the following to the section labeled B. ...
Pulmonary Bleeding Diagnosed as an Incidental Finding during a Gated Cardiac Scan. Paul Sullivan, Alastair Davison, Anthony ... Pulmonary Bleeding Diagnosed as an Incidental Finding during a Gated Cardiac Scan ... Pulmonary Bleeding Diagnosed as an Incidental Finding during a Gated Cardiac Scan ... Pulmonary Bleeding Diagnosed as an Incidental Finding during a Gated Cardiac Scan ...
117 Incidental finding of coronary artery calcification in non-triggered high-resolution thoracic computed tomography: a ... 117 Incidental finding of coronary artery calcification in non-triggered high-resolution thoracic computed tomography: a ... We aimed to evaluate the incidental prevalence and burden of CAC on non-gated High Resolution CT (HRCT) thorax used for ...
We present a case of a 67-year-old male with a history of chronic viral hepatitis C infection who had an accidental finding on ... Incidental Finding of Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease With Underlying Chronic Hepatitis C.. ... We present a case of a 67-year-old male with a history of chronic viral hepatitis C infection who had an accidental finding on ...
Prevalence of incidental sonographic findings of hepatic steatosis in children under 4 years of age. By Childrens Liver ... Title: Prevalence of incidental sonographic findings of hepatic steatosis in children under 4 years of age ... Qualitative findings of hepatic steatosis were seen in 26/187 (14%; 95% CI 10-20%). An HRI,1.75 was present in 15/187 (8%; 95% ... Objective: We sought to evaluate the prevalence of ultrasound findings of hepatic steatosis in a cohort of children less than 4 ...
Low-Dose CT Screening for Lung Cancer and the Incidental Findings That May Improve Future Health. By Inga T. Lennes, MD, MPH, ... 2. Kucharczyk MJ, Menezes RJ, McGregor A, et al: Assessing the impact of incidental findings in a lung cancer screening study ... Finding radiographic emphysema in this population may present an opportunity to open the door to explore possible mild, ... Smoking impacts health beyond lung cancer, and coronary artery calcification is a common significant finding in low-dose CT for ...
Incidental Findings on Brain and Spine Imaging in Children. Pediatrics (2015) 135 (4): e1084-e1096. ... Incidental Brain MRI Findings in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ... Findings of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty Compared with Girls with Chronic or ... Incidental Brain Tumors in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review and Reappraisal of Literature ...
Danielle Ofri reads from her book Incidental findings : lessons from my patients in the art of medicine.. eng. ... Her two prior books about life in medicine are Singular intimacies : becoming a doctor at Bellevue and incidental findings : ... Reading: from chapter 1 of Incidental findings : lessons from my patients in the art of medicine. eng. ... Reading: from chapter 1 of Incidental findings : lessons from my patients in the art of medicine. URI. http://hdl.handle.net/ ...
The incidental finding of a fatty liver on an abdominal ultrasound scan performed for an unrelated reason in an overweight ... Fifteen-minute consultation: Child with an incidental finding of a fatty liver ... Fifteen-minute consultation: Child with an incidental finding of a fatty liver ...
Austin Frakt of The Incidental Economist featured findings a HCFO-funded study. Frakt notes that MA seems to follow TM in its ... Findings from HCFO-funded Study on Medicare Advantage Rates Featured in The Incidental Economist. ... Home › News › Findings from HCFO-funded Study on Medicare Advantage Rates Featured in The Incidental Economist ... Austin Frakt of The Incidental Economist featured findings a HCFO-funded study. Frakt notes that MA seems to follow TM in its ...
165 Prolidase deficiency in an infant with an incidental finding of methaemoglobinaemia ... 165 Prolidase deficiency in an infant with an incidental finding of methaemoglobinaemia ...
April 17, 2017) Anomalous Origin of Right Coronary Artery Originating from the Pulmonary Trunk (ARCAPA): an Incidental Finding ... confirming the previous finding of the echocardiogram. A surgical correction was recommended but was refused by the patient. ...
Incidental finding. An incidental finding happens when during a health check you find something by chance that is not within ... When incidental findings are made during a genome test in the Faroe Islands, they will be assessed on a case-by-case basis to ... The likelihood of incidental findings is greater in genome testing than in gene testing that only examines one or a few genes. ... Incidental findings*From gene testing to genome testing*Hereditary conditions*Personalised medicine*Genome sequencing in the ...
Gastric_Carcinoid_TumorIncidental_Finding_on_Endoscopy_Prior_to_Bariatric_Surgery.pdf. 71,21 kB. Adobe PDF. Abrir. Exibir. ...
Summary of consensus guidelines for managing incidental CT findings. Includes guidelines for adrenal, pulmonary, and thyroid ... Management of incidental adnexal findings on CT and MRI: a white paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee. J Am Coll ... Managing incidental findings on abdominal and pelvic CT and MRI, Part 2: white paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee ... Managing incidental findings on abdominal and pelvic CT and MRI, Part 4: white paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee ...
Reumatología Clínica is the official publication of scientific Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER) and the Mexican College of Rheumatology (CMR). Reumatología Clínica publishes original research papers, editorials, reviews, case reports and pictures. Published studies are primarily clinical and epidemiological research but also basic.. ...
Learn the principles of Cardiac CT Imaging with MRI Online. Read cases alongside the experts & earn CME. Try it free!
Management of Incidental Adrenal Masses: A White Paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017 Aug. 14 ... Incidental findings algorithm. The American College of Radiology (ACR) has published an algorithm applied to incidental adrenal ... In general, an incidental adrenal mass , 1 cm in the short axis need not be pursued. If an adrenal mass has diagnostic features ... Workup of an incidental adrenal mass in a patient unable to receive treatment, or who has serious comorbidities and limited ...
One of the unintended consequences of pan-scanning is lots of incidental findings. ... Incidental Findings - Pan-Scan Unintended Consequences. April 3, 2017 / Imaging, Trauma. Short Attention Span Summary. ... had category 2 findings, 1236 patients (50.7%) had category 3 findings and 1173 patients (48.1%) had category 4 findings. Most ... One of the unintended consequences of pan-scanning is lots of incidental findings. Make sure you have a mechanism in place to ...
advocate mom battling cancer, aftershocks and grief, complicated grief, faith after loss, finding faith after loss, grief over ...
In a recent update, Citrix decided it would be a good idea to force automatic startup of the Citrix Workspace with every reboot, with no way of disabling it.. This is incredibly irritating.. ...
Intrapericardial Lipoma: an Incidental Echocardiographic finding. XX Congresso Regionale FADOI CAMPANIA: Non ci siamo mai ... The diagnosis of a cardiac lipoma was confirmed by cardiac MRI finding. The pleural effusion was drained and the patient ... 2. Schiettecatte A, Verdries D, de Mey J, De Maeseneer M, Dujardin M (2012) Magnetic resonance imaging findings in cardiac ...
"Asymptomatic Intracranial Foreign Body: An Incidental Finding on Radiography". Trauma Monthly, 21, 2, 2016, -. doi: 10.5812/ ... Maghsoudi, M., Shahbazzadegan, B., Pezeshki, A. Asymptomatic Intracranial Foreign Body: An Incidental Finding on Radiography. ... Maghsoudi, M., Shahbazzadegan, B., & Pezeshki, A. (2016). Asymptomatic Intracranial Foreign Body: An Incidental Finding on ... Maghsoudi, M., Shahbazzadegan, B., Pezeshki, A. (2016). Asymptomatic Intracranial Foreign Body: An Incidental Finding on ...
Chorioangioma of Placenta: A Case of Incidental Finding in Cesarean Section View PDF *Nidhi Sapolia. Obstetric And Gynaecology ... We report a case of incidental finding of chorioangioma of placenta in a 42-year-old female with intrauterine growth ... Tumors of less than 5 cm are usually asymptomatic and accidental findings; these are mostly not associated with maternal and ...
  • The overall prevalence and the sites of extracardiac findings were evaluated and reported. (hindawi.com)
  • We aimed to evaluate the incidental prevalence and burden of CAC on non-gated High Resolution CT (HRCT) thorax used for patients undergoing lung cancer screening or follow-up for interstitial lung disease. (bmj.com)
  • Objective: We sought to evaluate the prevalence of ultrasound findings of hepatic steatosis in a cohort of children less than 4 years of age. (childliverdisease.org)
  • Conclusion: Prevalence of sonographic findings of hepatic steatosis in an unselected sample of preschool-age children is 8-14%, and are more common in participants with overweight/obesity. (childliverdisease.org)
  • Prevalence of Incidental Findings Suspicious for Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis among Patients Undergoing Bone Scintigraphy: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of these scintigraphic findings. (bvsalud.org)
  • The pooled prevalence of incidental findings suspicious for ATTR-CA among patients undergoing bone scintigraphy was calculated on a per- patient -based analysis using a random-effects model. (bvsalud.org)
  • The pooled prevalence of incidental findings suspicious for ATTR-CA was 1.1% (95% CI 0.7-1.4%) with heterogeneity due to the characteristics of the included studies, patients , and index tests. (bvsalud.org)
  • The prevalence of incidental findings of ATTR-CA among patients undergoing bone scintigraphy is low but not negligible. (bvsalud.org)
  • As the use of imaging modalities continues to increase in frequency, the incidence of unexpected radiographic findings continues to rise. (emra.org)
  • Most of us are frustrated by incidental radiographic findings. (emra.org)
  • The academic study of incidental radiographic findings is still early in its course. (emra.org)
  • The number of incidental radiographic findings varies anatomically, with multiple studies showing the greatest occurrences in the abdomen and pelvis, followed by the chest, with the fewest found in the head . (emra.org)
  • As demonstrated by incidental pulmonary and adnexal masses, you might imagine that the approach to evaluating the clinical relevance of incidental radiographic findings varies. (emra.org)
  • Asbestosis has no unique pathognomonic signs or symptoms, but diagnosis is made by the constellation of clinical, functional, and radiographic findings as outlined by the American Thoracic Society [American Thoracic Society 2004]. (cdc.gov)
  • This is usually associated with radiographic findings of chondrocalcinosis in the absence of clinical manifestations and may be the most common form of CPPD. (medscape.com)
  • Case: We report a case of incidental finding of chorioangioma of placenta in a 42-year-old female with intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal distress at 39 weeks gestation that necessitated on emergency lower segment cesarean section at 39 weeks gestation. (scholarsliterature.com)
  • Guidelines for management of incidental pulmonary nodules detected on CT images: from the Fleischner Society 2017. (casestacks.com)
  • Two patients died as a direct result of acute cardiac disease with limited pulmonary findings. (lu.se)
  • 8 With incidental adnexal masses, the large majority of findings in all ages are simple cysts, of which less than 1% represent malignancy. (emra.org)
  • Intracranial cysts: incidental or neurodevelopmental? (aap.org)
  • 6 In contrast, sonographic appearance is the principal predictor of malignancy of incidental adnexal masses, while size has a much smaller association. (emra.org)
  • Management of incidental adnexal findings on CT and MRI: a white paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee. (casestacks.com)
  • A collection of essays by physician-writer Danielle Ofri, Incidental Findings: Lessons from my Patients in the Art of Medicine is the story of Ofri practicing medicine in small towns across America, then returning to teach and practice at Bellevue Hospital, America's oldest public hospital. (wikipedia.org)
  • Incidental Findings: Lessons From My Patients in the Art of Medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • A significant number of patients who underwent cMRI had incidental and clinically significant IEFs (2% of the population, 11.4% of cases). (hindawi.com)
  • Extracardiac findings during cMRI may also significantly modify clinical management of patients assessed by cMRI. (hindawi.com)
  • In findings from an enriched cohort of asymptomatic patients with screening-detected abnormalities, researchers found that contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) was superior to conventional mammography and offered equivalent detection of breast cancer in comparison to breast MRI and abbreviated breast MRI. (diagnosticimaging.com)
  • One 2013 study reported that 44.5% (143 of 361) of trauma patients receiving a "pan scan" had at least one incidental finding. (emra.org)
  • 2,3 A 2011 study found incidental findings in 33% of patients who had received a CT of the head, abdomen/pelvis, and/or chest, and were subsequently discharged from the ED. 4 With an estimated 80 million CTs performed in the U.S. in 2013, that is a lot of incidental findings. (emra.org)
  • Dealing With Brain MRI Findings in Pediatric Patients With Endocrinological Conditions: Less Is More? (aap.org)
  • Her two prior books about life in medicine are Singular intimacies : becoming a doctor at Bellevue and incidental findings : lessons from my patients in the art of medicine. (umsystem.edu)
  • Danielle Ofri reads from her book Incidental findings : lessons from my patients in the art of medicine. (umsystem.edu)
  • In this retrospective look at 2440 trauma patients at a level one center who had pan-scans, there were 5440 incidental findings. (journalfeed.org)
  • Non-traumatic incidental findings in patients undergoing whole-body computed tomography at initial emergency admission. (journalfeed.org)
  • To evaluate the number, localisation and importance of non-traumatic incidental findings (IFs) in patients with suspected or obvious multiple trauma undergoing whole-body CT (WBCT) in a level-1 trauma centre. (journalfeed.org)
  • In 204 patients (8.4%) urgent category 1 findings were reported, 766 patients (31.4%) had category 2 findings, 1236 patients (50.7%) had category 3 findings and 1173 patients (48.1%) had category 4 findings. (journalfeed.org)
  • Two patients had imaging findings that were compatible with adrenal myelolipoma. (medscape.com)
  • The danger comes when physicians do not follow up with patients regarding incidental findings. (fronzutolaw.com)
  • Overall IECFs and E1 findings were occurred more commonly in male patients (P=0.000, P=0.024). (shsmu.edu.cn)
  • Conclusion · IECFs are prevalent in clinical patients on brain MRI with a nondetection rate of 32.9% for potentially important (E3) findings. (shsmu.edu.cn)
  • The goal of the current study was to assess disclosure preferences among patients with cancer regarding incidental genomic variants that may be discovered during tumor profiling. (blogspot.com)
  • Subjects and Methods: All patients with head and neck cancer who had undergone FDG-PET/CT imaging between January 2014 and June 2015 at our institution were evaluated for incidental findings. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Significantly more patients with findings described as malignant were given recommendations for follow-up (P =.0004). (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Conclusion: Incidental findings on FDG-PET/CT are present in more than one-third of patients with head and neck cancer. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • For some patients, post-COVID conditions may involve continuing, recurrent or new symptoms and clinical findings that persist for weeks, months, or longer. (cdc.gov)
  • Managing incidental thyroid nodules detected on imaging: white paper of the ACR incidental thyroid findings committee. (casestacks.com)
  • Hurried physicians may skip to the end of a scan report for the conclusion and miss the details that reveal some other finding. (fronzutolaw.com)
  • Lhermitte Duclos Disease, Incidental Findings, Diagnostic Imaging. (bvsalud.org)
  • 4 Likewise, their clinical relevance varies and depends on a complex interplay of variables, including the organ involved, the radiographic characteristics of the finding, and patient characteristics. (emra.org)
  • But other physicians, physician's assistants, and other healthcare workers who see the patient are also responsible for informing them of the findings. (fronzutolaw.com)
  • However, often that doctor may not see the patient before discharge from the hospital , and the patient goes home without knowing about the finding. (fronzutolaw.com)
  • They must read the entire radiological test results, not just the end findings, to discover the incidental finding and follow up with the patient. (fronzutolaw.com)
  • CIENCIASMEDICASNEWS: Patient preferences regarding incidental genomic findings discovered during tumor profiling. (blogspot.com)
  • Objective: 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) imaging is common in head and neck cancer and often identifies incidental findings that necessitate additional patient evaluations. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The physical examination findings vary depending on the form of CPPD in a given patient, who may present with an acute arthritis or different patterns of chronic arthritis. (medscape.com)
  • The incidental finding of a fatty liver on an abdominal ultrasound scan performed for an unrelated reason in an overweight child is an increasingly common phenomenon in paediatric practice. (bmj.com)
  • Managing incidental findings on abdominal and pelvic CT and MRI, Part 2: white paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee II on vascular findings. (casestacks.com)
  • According to a study by Christopher S. Evans, M.D., M.P.H., and others, slightly less than one-third of the 147,763 Emergency Department visits he and his colleagues reviewed noted incidental findings, especially in CT abdominal, head, chest, and neck scans. (fronzutolaw.com)
  • More than one-third of incidental findings were concerning for malignancy. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The survey captured demographic and disease variables and personal and family history, and presented case scenarios for different types of incidental germline variants that could theoretically be detected during genomic analysis of a patient's tumor. (blogspot.com)
  • Once an incidental finding (IF) is discovered in the course of genomic research, the researchers are faced with the question of whether or not that finding should be reported back to the study participant. (lu.se)
  • The diagnosis of a cardiac lipoma was confirmed by cardiac MRI finding. (itmedicalteam.pl)
  • 2. Schiettecatte A, Verdries D, de Mey J, De Maeseneer M, Dujardin M (2012) Magnetic resonance imaging findings in cardiac lipoma. (itmedicalteam.pl)
  • Microscopic cardiac findings were scarcely detected. (lu.se)
  • Sometimes, an identified variant is associated with a different genetic disorder that has not yet been diagnosed (these are called incidental or secondary findings ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • We included the clinical and pathologic findings of routine gross and microscopic examination of cases that were positive for COVID-19 at time of death. (lu.se)
  • Correlation of the lesion's clinical morphology and microscopic features established a diagnosis of trichofolliculoma with incidental focal acantholytic dyskeratosis. (medscape.com)
  • Hence, trichofolliculoma can be added to the list of follicular lesions in which focal acantholytic dyskeratosis may be observed as an incidental microscopic change. (medscape.com)
  • IEFs can represent unsuspected important diseases or benign findings, carrying several ethical, medicolegal, and financial implications [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Recommendations were given by the head and neck radiologist on 72 (53.7%) findings: 74.5% of potentially malignant findings and 42.5% of benign findings had recommendations for follow-up. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Incidental focal acantholytic dyskeratosis has been described in a variety of cutaneous lesions, including benign and malignant epithelial lesions, fibrohistiocytic lesions, inflammatory lesions, and melanocytic lesions. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a trichofolliculoma with incidental focal acantholytic dyskeratosis. (medscape.com)
  • Management of incidental adrenal masses: a white paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee. (casestacks.com)
  • Conclusions: The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in postmortem examination can be an incidental or contributory finding which highlights the value of autopsy examination to determine the exact cause of death in controversial cases. (lu.se)
  • Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the update, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. (cdc.gov)
  • Overall, our findings support earlier smaller studies that suggested a relatively higher rate of IFs in the general pediatric population, but suggest that only 4 percent of the children had findings of potential clinical significance. (diagnosticimaging.com)
  • The likelihood of incidental findings is greater in genome testing than in gene testing that only examines one or a few genes. (fargen.fo)
  • When incidental findings are made during a genome test in the Faroe Islands, they will be assessed on a case-by-case basis to determine which impact the genetic defect has on the individual and that person's relatives. (fargen.fo)
  • We present a case of a 67-year-old male with a history of chronic viral hepatitis C infection who had an accidental finding on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a liver arterially enhancing lesion. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Objective · To explore the frequency, nondetection rate, and clinical importance of incidental extracerebral findings (IECFs)on brain nonenhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). (shsmu.edu.cn)
  • It can be beneficial for the individual to know about the incidental finding, because it may uncover a potentially serious condition early on and thereby improve the outcome of prevention and treatment. (fargen.fo)
  • However, when undertaking such a large-scale imaging study, some potentially serious incidental findings are likely to be detected (defined here as findings that might indicate the possibility of a serious condition which would carry a real prospect of significantly threatening lifespan, or of having a substantial impact on major body functions or quality of life). (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
  • A radiologist may point out the incidental findings of a lump or dark spot and report it to the ordering physicians. (fronzutolaw.com)
  • When you have been negatively impacted by undiagnosed health problems and incidental findings that cause you harm due to physicians' failure to act, you may be entitled to compensation for medical expenses, loss of income while unable to work, permanent disability, the costs of rehabilitation, physical pain, mental trauma from your ordeal, and other damages. (fronzutolaw.com)
  • In the case of a genetic defect that causes a disease, which with certainty can be prevented or treated, doctors have a duty to notify the person in question of the incidental finding and to provide detailed information as well as genetic counselling. (fargen.fo)
  • In a study published March 22 in JAMA Neurology , a team of investigators from both the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) and the University of California at San Diego (UCSD) examined baseline neuroimaging findings from nearly 12,000 children who were enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. (diagnosticimaging.com)
  • In general, the team said, they determined that 1 in 25 children had findings on structural brain MRI that warrant clinical referral, and 1 in 500 needed an urgent clinical referral. (diagnosticimaging.com)
  • IEFs on cMRI are not uncommon and lesions with mild or no clinical significance represent the most frequent findings. (hindawi.com)
  • Our goal was to assess the frequency and nature of these incidental imaging findings on FDG-PET/CT. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Incidental findings in medicine are extra discoveries in tests, some indicating conditions other than the reason for a test. (fronzutolaw.com)
  • Evans and others searched medical databases, such as PubMed, for incidental findings in scans. (fronzutolaw.com)
  • Knowing how frequently specific IFs occur can potentially help providers contextualize the importance of similar findings when they pop up in clinical settings, said the team led by Leo Sugrue, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor and neuroradiologist at the University of California. (diagnosticimaging.com)
  • In a piece comparing Medicare Advantage (MA) rates to traditional Medicare (TM), Austin Frakt of The Incidental Economist featured findings a HCFO-funded study. (hcfo.org)
  • In his HCFO-funded study , Robert Berenson, M.D., Urban Institute, and colleagues interviewed senior hospital and health plan executives to understand new findings suggesting that MA plans' payments to hospitals mirror reimbursements paid under traditional fee-for-service. (hcfo.org)
  • Methods A 45-year-old South Asian male diagnosed with COVID-19, with incidental discovery of stage II T3N0 caecal adenocarcinoma was consented for our study. (bmj.com)
  • This study illustrates how the incidental findings discovered on FDG PET/CT frequently necessitate additional evaluations unrelated to the index head and neck cancer. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The aim of the current study was to present the lung and heart pathological findings of COVID-19-positive autopsies performed in Jordan. (lu.se)
  • EJF2: study conception, data en el hemicuello derecho con afectación del plexo braquial, adenopatías cervicales, infraclaviculares y axilares derechas. (bvsalud.org)
  • The most frequent concerns about incidental findings were ability to obtain health (48%) or life (41%) insurance. (blogspot.com)
  • Sims, H & Erber, W 2011, ' Investigation of an incidental finding of eosinophilia ', BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) , vol. 342, pp. 1147-1149. (edu.au)
  • Further investigation of an incidental finding, such as an alarming test result, should be initiated at the very minimum in these situations. (fronzutolaw.com)
  • Collectively, our findings show that occupationally-relevant incidental aerosols can elicit olfactory and central neurotoxicity and calls for extensive investigation of the long-term effects to assess progressive neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral outcomes, if any. (cdc.gov)
  • Two independent blinded reviewers evaluated for qualitative and semi-quantitative findings of hepatic steatosis. (childliverdisease.org)
  • A tri-leaflet aortic valve was seen with calcification in the leaflets causing moderate stenosis, confirming the previous finding of the echocardiogram. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • Case Question: What abnormal finding is seen on her parasternal long axis and apical four chamber views on bedside echocardiogram? (tactical-medicine.com)
  • Over the years, surgical findings of PTMc have grown, particularly in the 2017-2020 period. (nih.gov)
  • All incidental findings discovered on cMRI were characterized by means of additional imaging techniques: ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), dedicated MR examination, bone scintigraphy with technetium 99m-methylene diphosphonate (99mTC-MDP), and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). (hindawi.com)
  • However, incidental findings may also lead to unnecessary worrying and sometimes ethical issues also have to be considered. (fargen.fo)
  • Diagnosis is typically based on blood tests finding high numbers of mature lymphocytes and smudge cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This finding is most consistent with an atrial myxoma , though it can also represent a clot. (tactical-medicine.com)
  • No specific clinical findings have been reported for xanthoma of the prostate other than an elevation in the serum level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which prompts the prostatic biopsy. (medscape.com)
  • No specific macroscopic findings have been reported, although large xanthomas may appear as yellowish foci on cut sections of the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, the physician who orders a scan of a patient's lungs to check for pneumonia must report the incidental findings of a lung nodule. (fronzutolaw.com)
  • normal laboratory or imaging findings do not invalidate the existence, severity, or importance of a patient's Post-COVID Conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • But when the scan also shows a nodule in your lung, that is an extra or incidental finding. (fronzutolaw.com)
  • The essay Common Ground from Incidental Findings was selected by Oliver Sacks for Best American Science Writing 2003 and given Honorable Mention by Anne Fadiman for Best American Essays 2004. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among the category 4 cases, mass-like regions of signal abnormality concerning for glial neoplasm and hydrocephalus were the most common findings. (diagnosticimaging.com)
  • Just how common these incidental findings are is not yet entirely known. (emra.org)
  • Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. (cdc.gov)
  • more than one-third (n = 103) had at least 1 finding unrelated to their head and neck cancer, for a total of 134 incidental findings. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Nuclear medicine physicians should suggest, in the scintigraphic report , further clinical investigations when these findings are detected. (bvsalud.org)
  • Physical examination findings show an acutely inflamed joint with swelling, effusion, warmth, tenderness, and pain on range of motion similar to acute gouty arthritis. (medscape.com)
  • Physical examination findings show a picture similar to osteoarthritis, sometimes with an unusual joint predilection. (medscape.com)
  • Physical examination findings show a picture similar to rheumatoid arthritis, with synovitis in a symmetrical, polyarticular pattern, especially involving the wrists and MCP joints. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] Knowledge of preceding treatment and the finding of other therapy-related changes, such as glandular atrophy, as well as basal cell hyperplasia, should alert to this differential. (medscape.com)