In situ hybridization fluorescence. Medical search

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Measurement of the polarization of fluorescent light from solutions or microscopic specimens. It is used to provide information concerning molecular size, shape, and conformation, molecular anisotropy, electronic energy transfer, molecular interaction, including dye and coenzyme binding, and the antigen-antibody reaction.

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

RNA, usually prepared by transcription from cloned DNA, which complements a specific mRNA or DNA and is generally used for studies of virus genes, distribution of specific RNA in tissues and cells, integration of viral DNA into genomes, transcription, etc. Whereas DNA PROBES are preferred for use at a more macroscopic level for detection of the presence of DNA/RNA from specific species or subspecies, RNA probes are preferred for genetic studies. Conventional labels for the RNA probe include radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. RNA probes may be further divided by category into plus-sense RNA probes, minus-sense RNA probes, and antisense RNA probes.

The genetic process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A type of FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY using two FLUORESCENT DYES with overlapping emission and absorption spectra, which is used to indicate proximity of labeled molecules. This technique is useful for studying interactions of molecules and PROTEIN FOLDING.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.

3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.

Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.

Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

A method for comparing two sets of chromosomal DNA by analyzing differences in the copy number and location of specific sequences. It is used to look for large sequence changes such as deletions, duplications, amplifications, or translocations.

A type of chromosome aberration characterized by CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE and transfer of the broken-off portion to another location, often to a different chromosome.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridization studies, chromosome mapping.

The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

A method used to study the lateral movement of MEMBRANE PROTEINS and LIPIDS. A small area of a cell membrane is bleached by laser light and the amount of time necessary for unbleached fluorescent marker-tagged proteins to diffuse back into the bleached site is a measurement of the cell membrane's fluidity. The diffusion coefficient of a protein or lipid in the membrane can be calculated from the data. (From Segen, Current Med Talk, 1995).

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.

Fluorescence microscopy utilizing multiple low-energy photons to produce the excitation event of the fluorophore. Multiphoton microscopes have a simplified optical path in the emission side due to the lack of an emission pinhole, which is necessary with normal confocal microscopes. Ultimately this allows spatial isolation of the excitation event, enabling deeper imaging into optically thick tissue, while restricting photobleaching and phototoxicity to the area being imaged.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A technique that labels specific sequences in whole chromosomes by in situ DNA chain elongation or PCR (polymerase chain reaction).

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Nucleic acid which complements a specific mRNA or DNA molecule, or fragment thereof; used for hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms and for genetic studies.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

The infiltrating of tissue specimens with paraffin, as a supporting substance, to prepare for sectioning with a microtome.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The use of devices which use detector molecules to detect, investigate, or analyze other molecules, macromolecules, molecular aggregates, or organisms.

Examination of CHROMOSOMES to diagnose, classify, screen for, or manage genetic diseases and abnormalities. Following preparation of the sample, KARYOTYPING is performed and/or the specific chromosomes are analyzed.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

DNA analogs containing neutral amide backbone linkages composed of aminoethyl glycine units instead of the usual phosphodiester linkage of deoxyribose groups. Peptide nucleic acids have high biological stability and higher affinity for complementary DNA or RNA sequences than analogous DNA oligomers.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

A family of 3,6-di(substituted-amino)-9-benzoate derivatives of xanthene that are used as dyes and as indicators for various metals; also used as fluorescent tracers in histochemistry.

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

The interval between two successive CELL DIVISIONS during which the CHROMOSOMES are not individually distinguishable. It is composed of the G phases (G1 PHASE; G0 PHASE; G2 PHASE) and S PHASE (when DNA replication occurs).

The erbB-2 gene is a proto-oncogene that codes for the erbB-2 receptor (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2), a protein with structural features similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Its name originates from the viral oncogene homolog (v-erbB) which is a truncated form of the chicken erbB gene found in the avian erythroblastosis virus. Overexpression and amplification of the gene is associated with a significant number of adenocarcinomas. The human c-erbB-2 gene is located at 17q21.2.

An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The transfer of energy of a given form among different scales of motion. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed). It includes the transfer of kinetic energy and the transfer of chemical energy. The transfer of chemical energy from one molecule to another depends on proximity of molecules so it is often used as in techniques to measure distance such as the use of FORSTER RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER.

The male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans and in some other male-heterogametic species in which the homologue of the X chromosome has been retained.

Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE). Normally 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry the hereditary information of the individual.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

A subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the cytological and molecular analysis of the CHROMOSOMES, and location of the GENES on chromosomes, and the movements of chromosomes during the CELL CYCLE.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A technique for visualizing CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS using fluorescently labeled DNA probes which are hybridized to chromosomal DNA. Multiple fluorochromes may be attached to the probes. Upon hybridization, this produces a multicolored, or painted, effect with a unique color at each site of hybridization. This technique may also be used to identify cross-species homology by labeling probes from one species for hybridization with chromosomes from another species.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal chromosome constitution in which there is extra or missing chromosome material (either a whole chromosome or a chromosome segment). (from Thompson et al., Genetics in Medicine, 5th ed, p429)

The phase of cell nucleus division following PROMETAPHASE, in which the CHROMOSOMES line up across the equatorial plane of the SPINDLE APPARATUS prior to separation.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of other sequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)

An analytical method for detecting and measuring FLUORESCENCE in compounds or targets such as cells, proteins, or nucleotides, or targets previously labeled with FLUORESCENCE AGENTS.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.

The technique of using FIXATIVES in the preparation of cytologic, histologic, or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all the constituent elements.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.

A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF RECEPTOR, the ERBB-3 RECEPTOR, and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member.

The possession of a third chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

DNA present in neoplastic tissue.

The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.

The use of light interaction (scattering, absorption, and fluorescence) with biological tissue to obtain morphologically based information. It includes measuring inherent tissue optical properties such as scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence; or optical properties of exogenous targeted fluorescent molecular probes such as those used in optical MOLECULAR IMAGING, or nontargeted optical CONTRAST AGENTS.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Light-induced change in a chromophore, resulting in the loss of its absorption of light of a particular wave length. The photon energy causes a conformational change in the photoreceptor proteins affecting PHOTOTRANSDUCTION. This occurs naturally in the retina (ADAPTATION, OCULAR) on long exposure to bright light. Photobleaching presents problems when occurring in PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, and in FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY. On the other hand, this phenomenon is exploited in the technique, FLUORESCENCE RECOVERY AFTER PHOTOBLEACHING, allowing measurement of the movements of proteins and LIPIDS in the CELL MEMBRANE.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A group of atoms or molecules attached to other molecules or cellular structures and used in studying the properties of these molecules and structures. Radioactive DNA or RNA sequences are used in MOLECULAR GENETICS to detect the presence of a complementary sequence by NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.

The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in human and other male-heterogametic species.

Colorless, endogenous or exogenous pigment precursors that may be transformed by biological mechanisms into colored compounds; used in biochemical assays and in diagnosis as indicators, especially in the form of enzyme substrates. Synonym: chromogens (not to be confused with pigment-synthesizing bacteria also called chromogens).

An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.

Nucleic acids which hybridize to complementary sequences in other target nucleic acids causing the function of the latter to be affected.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Discrete concentrations of energy, apparently massless elementary particles, that move at the speed of light. They are the unit or quantum of electromagnetic radiation. Photons are emitted when electrons move from one energy state to another. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

The degree of replication of the chromosome set in the karyotype.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A type of chromosomal aberration involving DNA BREAKS. Chromosome breakage can result in CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION; CHROMOSOME INVERSION; or SEQUENCE DELETION.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Any cell, other than a ZYGOTE, that contains elements (such as NUCLEI and CYTOPLASM) from two or more different cells, usually produced by artificial CELL FUSION.

Plasmids containing at least one cos (cohesive-end site) of PHAGE LAMBDA. They are used as cloning vehicles.

Fluoroimmunoassay where detection of the hapten-antibody reaction is based on measurement of the increased polarization of fluorescence-labeled hapten when it is combined with antibody. The assay is very useful for the measurement of small haptenic antigens such as drugs at low concentrations.

A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.

A class of organic compounds which contain an anilino (phenylamino) group linked to a salt or ester of naphthalenesulfonic acid. They are frequently used as fluorescent dyes and sulfhydryl reagents.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A specific pair GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Chromosomes in which fragments of exogenous DNA ranging in length up to several hundred kilobase pairs have been cloned into yeast through ligation to vector sequences. These artificial chromosomes are used extensively in molecular biology for the construction of comprehensive genomic libraries of higher organisms.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.

The chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of CHROMOSOMES; includes triploidy (symbol: 3N), tetraploidy (symbol: 4N), etc.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

11q23.1 and 11q25-qter YACs suppress tumour growth in vivo. (1/9173)

Frequent allelic deletion at chromosome 11q22-q23.1 has been described in breast cancer and a number of other malignancies, suggesting putative tumour suppressor gene(s) within the approximately 8 Mb deleted region. In addition, we recently described another locus, at the 11q25-qter region, frequently deleted in breast cancer, suggesting additional tumour suppressor gene(s) in this approximately 2 Mb deleted region. An 11q YAC contig was accessed and three YACs, one containing the candidate gene ATM at 11q23.1, and two contiguous YACs (overlapping for approximately 400-600 kb) overlying most of the 11q25 deleted region, were retrofitted with a G418 resistance marker and transfected into murine A9 fibrosarcoma cells. Selected A9 transfectant clones (and control untransfected and 'irrelevant' alphoid YAC transfectant A9 clones) were assayed for in vivo tumorigenicity in athymic female Balb c-nu/nu mice. All the 11q YAC transfectant clones demonstrated significant tumour suppression compared to the control untransfected and 'irrelevant' YAC transfected A9 cells. These results define two discrete tumour suppressor loci on chromosome 11q by functional complementation, one to a approximately 1.2 Mb region on 11q23.1 (containing the ATM locus) and another to a approximately 400-600 kb subterminal region on 11q25-qter. (+info)

Deletion of a region that is a candidate for the difference between the deletion forms of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin and deltabeta-thalassemia affects beta- but not gamma-globin gene expression. (2/9173)

The analysis of a number of cases of beta-globin thalassemia and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) due to large deletions in the beta-globin locus has led to the identification of several DNA elements that have been implicated in the switch from human fetal gamma- to adult beta-globin gene expression. We have tested this hypothesis for an element that covers the minimal distance between the thalassemia and HPFH deletions and is thought to be responsible for the difference between a deletion HPFH and deltabeta-thalassemia, located 5' of the delta-globin gene. This element has been deleted from a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) containing the complete human beta-globin locus. Analysis of this modified YAC in transgenic mice shows that early embryonic expression is unaffected, but in the fetal liver it is subject to position effects. In addition, the efficiency of transcription of the beta-globin gene is decreased, but the developmental silencing of the gamma-globin genes is unaffected by the deletion. These results show that the deleted element is involved in the activation of the beta-globin gene perhaps through the loss of a structural function required for gene activation by long-range interactions. (+info)

Analysis of genomic integrity and p53-dependent G1 checkpoint in telomerase-induced extended-life-span human fibroblasts. (3/9173)

Life span determination in normal human cells may be regulated by nucleoprotein structures called telomeres, the physical ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeres have been shown to be essential for chromosome stability and function and to shorten with each cell division in normal human cells in culture and with age in vivo. Reversal of telomere shortening by the forced expression of telomerase in normal cells has been shown to elongate telomeres and extend the replicative life span (H. Vaziri and S. Benchimol, Curr. Biol. 8:279-282, 1998; A. G. Bodnar et al., Science 279:349-352, 1998). Extension of the life span as a consequence of the functional inactivation of p53 is frequently associated with loss of genomic stability. Analysis of telomerase-induced extended-life-span fibroblast (TIELF) cells by G banding and spectral karyotyping indicated that forced extension of the life span by telomerase led to the transient formation of aberrant structures, which were subsequently resolved in higher passages. However, the p53-dependent G1 checkpoint was intact as assessed by functional activation of p53 protein in response to ionizing radiation and subsequent p53-mediated induction of p21(Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1). TIELF cells were not tumorigenic and had a normal DNA strand break rejoining activity and normal radiosensitivity in response to ionizing radiation. (+info)

Tissue specific expression and chromosomal mapping of a human UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: alpha1,3-d-mannoside beta1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. (4/9173)

A human cDNA for UDP- N -acetylglucosamine:alpha1,3-d-mannoside beta1,4- N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT-IV) was isolated from a liver cDNA library using a probe based on a partial cDNA sequence of the bovine GnT-IV. The cDNA encoded a complete sequence of a type II membrane protein of 535 amino acids which is 96% identical to the bovine GnT-IV. Transient expression of the human cDNA in COS7 cells increased total cellular GnT-IV activity 25-fold, demonstrating that this cDNA encodes a functional human GnT-IV. Northern blot analysis of normal tissues indicated that at least five different sizes of mRNA (9.7, 7.6, 5.1, 3.8, and 2.4 kb) forGnT-IV are expressed in vivo. Furthermore, these mRNAs are expressed at different levels between tissues. Large amounts of mRNA were detected in tissues harboring T lineage cells. Also, the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 and the lymphoblastic leukemia cell line MOLT-4 revealed abundant mRNA. Lastly, the gene was mapped at the locus on human chromosome 2, band q12 by fluorescent in situ hybridization. (+info)

Insertion of excised IgH switch sequences causes overexpression of cyclin D1 in a myeloma tumor cell. (5/9173)

Oncogenes are often dysregulated in B cell tumors as a result of a reciprocal translocation involving an immunoglobulin locus. The translocations are caused by errors in two developmentally regulated DNA recombination processes: V(D)J and IgH switch recombination. Both processes share the property of joining discontinuous sequences from one chromosome and releasing intervening sequences as circles that are lost from progeny cells. Here we show that these intervening sequences may instead insert in the genome and that during productive IgH mu-epsilon switch recombination in U266 myeloma tumor cells, a portion of the excised IgH switch intervening sequences containing the 3' alpha-1 enhancer has inserted on chromosome 11q13, resulting in overexpression of the adjacent cyclin D1 oncogene. (+info)

Specific chromosomal aberrations and amplification of the AIB1 nuclear receptor coactivator gene in pancreatic carcinomas. (6/9173)

To screen pancreatic carcinomas for chromosomal aberrations we have applied molecular cytogenetic techniques, including fluorescent in situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization, and spectral karyotyping to a series of nine established cell lines. Comparative genomic hybridization revealed recurring chromosomal gains on chromosome arms 3q, 5p, 7p, 8q, 12p, and 20q. Chromosome losses were mapped to chromosome arms 8p, 9p, 17p, 18q, 19p, and chromosome 21. The comparison with comparative genomic hybridization data from primary pancreatic tumors indicates that a specific pattern of chromosomal copy number changes is maintained in cell culture. Metaphase chromosomes from six cell lines were analyzed by spectral karyotyping, a technique that allows one to visualize all chromosomes simultaneously in different colors. Spectral karyotyping identified multiple chromosomal rearrangements, the majority of which were unbalanced. No recurring reciprocal translocation was detected. Cytogenetic aberrations were confirmed using fluorescent in situ hybridization with probes for the MDR gene and the tumor suppressor genes p16 and DCC. Copy number increases on chromosome 20q were validated with a probe specific for the nuclear receptor coactivator AIB1 that maps to chromosome 20q12. Amplification of this gene was identified in six of nine pancreatic cancer cell lines and correlated with increased expression. (+info)

Treponema brennaborense sp. nov., a novel spirochaete isolated from a dairy cow suffering from digital dermatitis. (7/9173)

A novel Treponema species was isolated from an ulcerative lesion of a cow suffering from digital dermatitis (DD), a disease which causes painful ulcerations along the coronary band. Among other anaerobic bacteria, high numbers of spirochaetes have been regularly found in DD lesions. Here data are presented of a spirochaete isolated from a DD ulcer. By chemotaxonomy, protein analysis and comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis this isolate was classified as a treponeme that differed from all Treponema species described previously. The only isolate, DD5/3T, for which the name Treponema brennaborense is proposed, is designated the type strain of the novel species. The strain is a small, highly motile spirochaete that has two periplasmic flagella, one flagellum being attached at each cell pole. Strain DD5/3T exhibits alpha-glucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity and growth is inhibited by rabbit serum. T. brennaborense was phylogenetically most closely related (89.5% 16S rRNA similarity) to Treponema maltophilum, an oral spirochaete isolated from a periodontitis patient. (+info)

Survey of gene amplifications during prostate cancer progression by high-throughout fluorescence in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays. (8/9173)

Prostate cancer development and progression is driven by the accumulation of genetic changes, the nature of which remains incompletely understood To facilitate high-throughput analysis of molecular events taking place in primary, recurrent, and metastat prostate cancer, we constructed a tissue microarray containing small 0.6-mm cylindrical samples acquired from 371 formalin-fixed blocks, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 32) and primary tumors (n = 223), as well as both locally recurrent tumors (n = 54) and metastases (n = 62) from patients with hormone-refractory disease. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to the analysis of consecutive tissue microarray sections with probes for five different genes. High-level (> or =3X) amplifications were very rare (<2%) in primary prostate cancers However, in metastases from patients with hormone-refractory disease, amplification of the androgen receptor gene was seen in 22%, MYC in 11%, and Cyclin-D1 in 5% of the cases. In specimens from locally recurrent tumors, the corresponding percentages were 23, 4, and 8%. ERBB2 and NMYC amplifications were never detected at any stage of prostate cancer progression. In conclusion, FISH to tissue microarray sections enables high-throughput analysis of genetic alterations contributing to cancer development and progression. Our results implicate a role for amplification of androgen receptor in hormonal therapy failure and that of MYC in the metastatic progression of human prostate cancer. (+info)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Fluorescent+in+Situ+Hybridization at the US National ... "In-solution fluorescence in situ hybridization and fluorescence-activated cell sorting for single cell and population genome ... Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes that bind to only ... Multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization is a highly multiplexed version of smFISH. It uses combinatorial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization

Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) Fluorescence in situ hybridization O'Connor, Clare. "Fluorescence In Situ ... In Situ Hybridization of RNA and miRNA Probes to cells, CTCs, and tissues Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization of RNA Probes to ... In situ hybridization was invented by American biologists Mary-Lou Pardue and Joseph G. Gall. In situ hybridization is a ... whole mount in situ hybridization, double detection of RNAs and RNA plus protein, and fluorescent in situ hybridization to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_situ_hybridization

"Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH), Basic Principles and Methodology". Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH). ... "Comparing fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromogenic in situ hybridization methods to determine the HER2/neu status in ... "Chromogenic in situ hybridization: A practical alternative for fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect HER-2/neu oncogene ... "HER-2 gene amplification by chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH) compared with fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromogenic_in_situ_hybridization

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization maps out single copy or repetitive DNA sequences through localization labeling of specific ... It includes a series of techniques referred to as fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, in which DNA probes are labeled ... O'Connor C (2008). "Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)". Nature Education. 1 (1): 171. Martin EA, McFerran TA, eds. ( ... FISH chromosome in-situ hybridization allows the study cytogenetics in pre- and postnatal samples and is also widely used in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cytogenetics

... in situ hybridization https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iRynlXIJw0 A detailed description of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ... Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)is the most widely used riboprobe technique. A target sequence and a probe are ... O'Connor, Clare (2008). "Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)". Nature Education. 1: 171. Lajtha, Abel (2007). Handbook of ... www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization-fish-327# Riboprobe In Vitro Transcription Systems ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboprobe

1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 40 (1): 213-5. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.4540. PMID 9070952. Ladner RD, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DUT_(gene)

... q23 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 68 (1-2): 122-124. doi:10.1159/000133905. PMID 7956350. ... to band 15q22 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 69 (1-2): 15-17. doi:10.1159/000133928. PMID ... to band 9p13 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 71 (1): 94-95. doi:10.1159/000134070. PMID 7606936. ... to band 19p13.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 72 (4): 294-296. doi:10.1159/000134206. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropomyosin

"Hybridization". Retrieved 26 May 2017. Levsky, JM; Singer, RH (15 July 2003). "Fluorescence in situ hybridization: past, ... Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a laboratory method used to detect and locate a DNA sequence, often on a ... In molecular biology, hybridization (or hybridisation) is a phenomenon in which single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ... many refinements have increased the versatility and sensitivity of the procedure to the extent that in situ hybridization is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_hybridization

... q13.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 71 (2): 179-81. doi:10.1159/000134102. PMID ... this was done using fluorescence in situ hybridization. BLVRB encodes a protein that is a 206-residue monomeric enzyme. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliverdin_reductase_B

and Lansdorp, PM (2001) "Quantitative Fluorescence in-situ Hybridization." Current Protocols in Cell Biology (University of ... Quantitative Fluorescent in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) is a cytogenetic technique based on the traditional FISH methodology. ... Following hybridization, thousands of cells can be analyzed on a flow cytometer in a relatively short time. However, Flow-FISH ... A small volume of the hybridization mixture is placed onto a coverslip and then placed gently onto the microscope slide which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-FISH

Detection is done by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Larger chromosomal deletion syndromes are detectable using ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microdeletion_syndrome

This can be demonstrated by Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Gene duplication is the process by which a region of DNA coding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_evolution

Shaffer LG (15 May 2001). "Diagnosis of Microdeletion Syndromes by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)". Current ... Like other chromosomal microdeletions, 17q12 microdeletion syndrome is diagnosed via fluorescence in situ hybridization. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17q12_microdeletion_syndrome

The most notable of these is described by Smolina et al., 2007 & Smolina et al., 2008 using fluorescence in situ hybridization ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligation_(molecular_biology)

1998). "Regional mapping of the human MP70 (Cx50; connexin 50) gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization to 1q21.1". Mol. Vis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJA8

Finally, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Kashuba et al. were able to map the RAB7A gene to 3q21 in 1997. RAB7a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAB7A

3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping". Genomics. 50 (1): 112-4. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5227. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoothened

LNA has been incorporated in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH is a common technique used to visualize genetic ... Kubota, Kengo; Ohashi, Akiyoshi; Imachi, Hiroyuki; Harada, Hideki (August 2006). "Improved in situ hybridization efficiency ... Elayadi, Anissa N.; Braasch, Dwaine A.; Corey, David R. (August 2002). "Implications of High-Affinity Hybridization by Locked ... LNA modified oligonucleotides have demonstrated improved thermodynamics in hybridization to RNA, ssDNA, and dsDNA. DNAzymes can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locked_nucleic_acid

fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) five-prime cap See 5' cap. five-prime end See 5'-end. five-prime untranslated region ... in situ hybridization in vitro (of a scientific experiment or biological process) Occurring or made to occur in a laboratory ... Probe-target hybridization is usually detected and quantified by fluorescence-based detection of fluorophore-labeled targets. ... in situ (of a scientific experiment or biological process) Occurring or made to occur in a natural, uncontrolled setting, or in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics_(0–L)

"Telomere Length Measurements Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Flow Cytometry". Cytometry, 4th Edition: New ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_phosphates

fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) five-prime cap See 5' cap. five-prime end See 5'-end. five-prime untranslated region ... in situ hybridization in vitro (of a scientific experiment or biological process) Occurring or made to occur in a laboratory ... Probe-target hybridization is usually detected and quantified by fluorescence-based detection of fluorophore-labeled targets. ... saturation hybridization An in vitro nucleic acid hybridization reaction in which one polynucleotide component (either DNA or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics

This is achieved through the use of competitive fluorescence in situ hybridization. In short, this involves the isolation of ... utilizing the same principles of competitive fluorescence in situ hybridization as traditional CGH. With the introduction of ... After hybridization, digital imaging systems are used to capture and quantify the relative fluorescence intensities of each of ... compared to the more traditional cytogenetic analysis techniques of giemsa banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_genomic_hybridization

"An integrated microfluidic chip for chromosome enumeration using fluorescence in situ hybridization". Lab on a Chip. 8 (12): ... fluorescence resonance energy transfer) in optical signal indicates a reaction has occurred. Fluorescence-based detection has ... In situ'' microscopy assays with microfluidic cell cultures may help in this regard, but have inherently lower throughput due ... Optical detection includes fluorescence-based techniques, chemiluminescence-based techniques, and surface plasmon resonance ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-MEMS

Kesara introduced the techniques of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Iceland. Firstly, the techniques were adopted ... Genomic in situ hybridization to identify alien chromosomes and chromosome segments in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics ... called Genomic In Situ Hybridization (GISH). The method instantly proved applicable to detecting chromosome transfers in cereal ... revealed by in situ hybridization. Chromosome Research 9: 243-249. DOI: 10.1023/A:1016604705296 Víctor Lucía, M. Montserrat ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesara_Margrét_Anamthawat-Jónsson

"Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) Hashimoto, Ko; Kokubun, Shoichi; Itoi, ... RNA Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization, and DNA Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization to Study Chromatin Changes, Transcriptional ... Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is very important to understand epigenetic mechanisms. FISH can be used to find the ... fluorescent in situ hybridization, methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, DNA adenine methyltransferase identification ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics

... constitutive expression and localization by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 85 (1-2): 123-32. ... and localization by fluorescent in situ hybridization". J. Neurochem. 72 (3): 1170-8. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0721170.x. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLRX

Antón J, Llobet-Brossa E, Rodríguez-Valera F, Amann R (December 1999). "Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of the ... This is seen in cases such as the genus Haloarcula, which is estimated to make up less than 0.1% of the in situ community, but ... from these suggest that some of the most readily isolated and studied genera may not in fact be significant in the in situ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halophile

"Reassignment of MYCL1 to human chromosome 1p34.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 72 (2-3): 189- ... "Allelic deletions of Rb and L-myc in urine sediments from patients with bladder tumors or carcinoma in situ". Oncol. Rep. 9 (3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYCL

CO-FISH, or strand-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization, facilitates strand-specific targeting of DNA with fluorescently ... "Chromosome orientation fluorescence in situ hybridization to study sister chromatid segregation in vivo". Nature Protocols. 5 ( ... Latt, Samuel (1974). "Sister chromatid exchanges, indices of human chromosome damage and repair: detection by fluorescence and ... the daughter cells are synchronized at the G2 phase and individually separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-cell_DNA_template_strand_sequencing

Voelter-Mahlknecht S, Letzel S, Mahlknecht U (Apr 2006). "Fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromosomal organization of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirtuin_7

... to human chromosome band 15q21.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 81 (3-4): 292-3. doi:10.1159/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_long-chain_acyl-CoA_synthetase

... to chromosome 12p13 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction with somatic cell hybrids". Genomics. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOL1

... of human cell cycle regulatory genes CDC25C to 5q31 and WEE1 to 11p15.3-11p15.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC25C

"Precise localization of the human thyroxine-binding globulin gene to chromosome Xq22.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroxine-binding_globulin

... to chromosome 7q34-q35 by two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 16 (3): 771-773. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1264 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboxane-A_synthase

... to human chromosome 11p15.5 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 40 (1): 193-6. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.4563. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD151

... genes to chromosomes 19q13.3 and 6p21.2 using fluorescence in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid analysis". Genomics. 55 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEAD3

The presence and location of the SRY gene can by determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Genital ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XX_male_syndrome

... or fluorescence in situ hybridization. Birchler and his lab have also leveraged this tool and maize B-A chromosomal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Birchler

... to human chromosome 12q24.3 and rat chromosome 12 by somatic cell hybrid panels and fluorescence in situ hybridization". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLE_(gene)

The development of molecular cytogenetics involving techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) followed, ... Cheung SW, Bi W (June 2018). "Novel applications of array comparative genomic hybridization in molecular diagnostics". Expert ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elective_genetic_and_genomic_testing

... which can be visualized by a combination of a DAPI stain and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. TERF2 is also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomeric_repeat-binding_factor_2

... and melanocortin-3 receptors to chromosomes 18p11.2 and 20q13.2-q13.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization" (PDF). Genomics. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTH_receptor

"Localization of the human kinesin-related gene to band 10q24 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 13 (4): 1371-2. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesin-like_protein_KIF11

... can also be conjugated to nucleoside triphosphates and incorporated into a probe enzymatically for in situ hybridisation. The ... The fluorescence of this molecule is very intense; peak excitation occurs at 495 nm and peak emission at 520 nm. Values for the ... The fluorescence that is created by the dye makes problem areas more visible and easily identified. A similar concept can be ... In cellular biology, the isothiocyanate derivative of fluorescein is often used to label and track cells in fluorescence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescein

... to band 9p13 by fluorescence in situ hybridisation". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 71 (1): 94-5. doi:10.1159/000134070. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPM2

... to chromosome 3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and mouse chromosome painting". Genomics. 41 (2): 293-4. doi:10.1006/geno ... "Demonstration of constant upregulation of the telomerase RNA component in human gastric carcinomas using in situ hybridization ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase_RNA_component

Using Southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on the genome, the researchers found no evidence of DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimeric_RNA

"Chromosomal mapping of the human histone gene H2AZ to 4q24 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics (Submitted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H2A.Z

... fusion gene in the blood and/or bone marrow cells of sufferers by cytogenic analysis using Fluorescence in situ hybridization ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIP1L1

Diagnosis may include a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test, computed tomography urography (CTU), magnetic resonance ... Stage 0is (carcinoma in situ) is a flat tumor located on the tissue lining. Stage I is classified as cancer formation and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureteral_cancer

Using fluorescence in-situ hybridization, the full length 90K cDNA has been localized to chromosome 17q25. The native protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGALS3BP

... human lymphocytes following exposure to the benzene metabolite hydroquinone using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization ... These aberrations can be monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes to assess the effects of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene

Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) has been used to estimate abundance of Cytophaga-Flavobacteria. The most common ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytophagales

... to 16p13.2-p13.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 30 (2): 395-6. PMID 8586450. Teufel, D. P.; Freund, S. M.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deficiency_of_RbAp48_protein_and_memory_loss

The disease may be diagnosed by cytogenetic techniques like fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), testing for a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller–Dieker_syndrome

... to 19q13.32-q13.33 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)". Genomics. 35 (1): 265-7. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0352. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoma_inhibitory_activity

Small-Subunit rRNA Gene Sequence from a Norwegian Estuary by Use of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization-Scanning Electron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opalomonadea

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a cytogenetic technique that has proven to be useful in the diagnosis of patients ... January 2011). "EGFR fluorescence in situ hybridization pattern of chromosome 7 disomy predicts resistance to cetuximab in KRAS ... Conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been used to detect various polysomies, including ... The Cervical Cancer, TERC, Fluorescence in situ hybridization test, detects amplification of the human telomerase RNA component ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysomy

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localize the 18S-28S ribosomal RNA gene clusters on the chromosomes of 15 ... Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localize the 18S-28S ribosomal RNA gene clusters on the chromosomes of 15 ... In situ hybridization. In: Hanes, B. D. and Higgins, S. J. (eds) Nucleic Acid Hybridization: a Practical Approach, pp. 179-202 ... Marchi, A., Pili, E. Ribosomal RNA genes in mosquitoes: localization by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Heredity 72 ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/hdy199483?error=cookies_not_supported&code=1df78066-b681-43ec-9b22-7cbed8b0566e

Posts under fluorescence in situ hybridization. Debbie Tulodzieski trades genetic testing for a new experiment: retirement. ...

https://www.akronchildrens.org/inside/tag/fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization/

... Mol ... The potential of these two methods can be enhanced by the combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20840797/

... - AbVideo™ - Support - Abnova ... A thorough description on how to perform mutaFISH™ staining in situ in frozen tissue. Abnovas mutaFISH™ probes are for in situ ... Abnova has integrated padlock probe and rolling circle amplification (RCA) for in situ, single cell, single molecule, DNA and ... Abnovas mutaFISH™ probe are for in situ, single cell, single molecule, DNA and RNA mutation detection at single nucleotide ...

http://www.abnova.com/abvideo/Fluorescence-In-Situ-Hybridization-FISH.html

Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and digital imaging, we have mapped and ord... ... "Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of the DiGeorge Syndrome Region Using Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization." Genomics, vol ... "Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of the DiGeorge Syndrome Region Using Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization." Genomics 17 ( ... Molecular cytogenetic characterization of the DiGeorge syndrome region using fluorescence in situ hybridization.. ...

https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7408b60d-70c9-4094-919b-66439aece253

Can LGC Biosearch Technologies probes (and dyes) be used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)?. ... Can LGC Biosearch Technologies probes (and dyes) be used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)? ... The combined fluorescence from the probe set hybridized to the transcript can be seen as a diffraction-limited spot in a ... widefield fluorescence microscope, allowing both the location of the RNA and the copy number per cell to be revealed. ...

https://www.biosearchtech.com/support/faqs/stellaris-rna-fish/can-lgc-biosearch-technologies-probes-and-dyes-be-used-for-fluorescence-insitu-hybridization-fish

... chromogenic in situ hybridization) and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) dots on a tissue slide, as well as very small ...

https://flagshipbio.com/news/patent-announcement/

Alagappan, A., Tujula, N., Power, M., Bergquist, P., & Ferrari, B. C. (2007). Fluorescence in situ hybridisation for species- ... Fluorescence in situ hybridisation for species-specific detection of zoonotic Crptosporidium - a simple and rapid screening ... title = "Fluorescence in situ hybridisation for species-specific detection of zoonotic Crptosporidium - a simple and rapid ... Fluorescence in situ hybridisation for species-specific detection of zoonotic Crptosporidium - a simple and rapid screening ...

https://researchers.mq.edu.au/en/publications/fluorescence-in-situ-hybridisation-for-species-specific-detection

Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Detection of specific DNA alterations known to be associated with bladder cancer is ... A comparison of cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization for the detection of urothelial carcinoma. J Urol. 2000 Nov. ... Photograph in which fluorescence in situ hybridization centromere staining identifies aneuploidy of chromosome 3. Multiple ... Karnes R, Halling K, Lieber M. Urine fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis during bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatments in ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/458825-192505/what-is-included-in-the-surveillance-for-recurrent-bladder-cancer-following-treatment-of-in-situ-carcinoma

T1 - Mapping of regions of physical deletion on chromosome 16q in prostate cancer cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization ( ... Mapping of regions of physical deletion on chromosome 16q in prostate cancer cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH ... Mapping of regions of physical deletion on chromosome 16q in prostate cancer cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH ... Mapping of regions of physical deletion on chromosome 16q in prostate cancer cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH ...

https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/mapping-of-regions-of-physical-deletion-on-chromosome-16q-in-pros

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the complicated and very effective technique to determine the origin of chromosome ... Identification of sex chromosome by fluorescence in situ hybridization.. Authors: Sarasophona, S. Promsawat, K. Rerkamnuaychok ... Sarasophona S, Promsawat K, Rerkamnuaychok B. Identification of sex chromosome by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Journal ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/41741

... Fluorescence in situ hybridization in surgical pathology. Fluorescence In situ ... Fluorescence in situ hybridization applications for. Fluorescence in situ hybridization cell.com. Fluorescence in situ ... Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that Fluorescent in situ hybridization and ... Fluorescence in situ hybridization: applications in cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization in situ hybridization: ...

https://krishnakitchen.org/fish-point/fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization-applications.php

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can be used to identify these chromosomal translocations and amplifications, and sub ... Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can be used to identify these chromosomal translocations and amplifications, and sub ... Fluorescence in situ hybridization for MDM2 gene amplification as a diagnostic tool in lipomatous neoplasms. Modern Pathology. ... 27.Sugita S, Asanuma H, Hasegawa T. Diagnostic use of fluorescence in situ hybridization in expert review in a phase 2 study of ...

https://ijp.iranpath.org/article_25043.html

The hybridization stringency may require a fluorescence in situ hybridization protocol pdf was lower their diffusion ... The hybridization stringency may require a fluorescence in situ hybridization protocol pdf was lower their diffusion ... Fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH is based on a hybridiza- tion reaction. Fluorescent in situ hybridization technique for ... Single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridisation for bioRxiv. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization CARD-FISH C-MORE. ...

https://seedylawyer.com/33152/61764.aspx

Specificity and starvation on many cell growth patterns appears to different targets with fluorescence in situ hybridization ... Fish sequences in situ hybridization conditions must be male or treated in situ hybridization protocol in fluorescence situ ... For hybridization protocol is a fluorescence situ protocol in fluorescence situ hybridization protocol bacteria by spotting a ... In situ protocol should consist mainly of fluorescence situ hybridization to minimize the several molecular microbial ...

https://icialispills.online/hybridization-fluorescence-bacteria/filters-zfvuwolx.aspx

Virtual Urgent Care Find out if your concern needs an emergency department or primary care visit or if you are eligible for a virtual urgent care visit. ...

https://wprod.sickkids.ca/en/care-services/for-health-care-providers/lab-tests/737-Fluorescence-in-situ-Hybridization-FISH---Tissue/

Fluorescence in SITU Hybridization (FISH) Constitutional. Fluorescence in SITU Hybridization (FISH). Fluorescence in situ ... hybridization (FISH) utilizes molecular biology techniques to detect the presence or absence of and enumerate specific region ...

https://geneticsassociates.com/services/fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization-fish/

Fluorescence in situ Hybridization. Frozen mouse brain sections (14 μm thick) were cut coronally through the hippocampal ... as detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Scale bar, 20 and 10 μm for left and right scale bars, respectively, in each ... as detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Coronal brain sections were triply stained for Scn2a, Vglut1/2 or Gad1/2, ... we attempted double/triple fluorescence in situ hybridization for Scn2a and markers of glutamatergic (Vglut1/2) and GABAergic ( ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2019.00145/full

The results obtained with a fluorescence in situ hybridisation method were quantified using the Scion image software program ... by in situ hybridisation. Our aim was to verify if DHFR gene amplification may be responsible for increased enzyme activity in ... HeLa cells showed the highest fluorescence signal intensity. In all samples enzyme activity behaved in parallel. These results ... In AL a heterogeneous hybridisation pattern was generally observed at the single cell level. However, leukemic lymphoblasts ...

https://www.well.ox.ac.uk/publications/269419?40b3b414-74cb-11ed-8577-061b866677b4

Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. The molecular beacon fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay used during the fourth ... Deconvolved confocal laser scanning micrographs of the molecular beacon fluorescence in situ hybridization assay, demonstrating ... Deconvolved confocal laser scanning micrographs of the molecular beacon fluorescence in situ hybridization assay, demonstrating ... Microscopy, PCR, and fluorescent in situ hybridization provided evidence of norovirus infection. Cytopathic effect and ...

http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/13/3/396.htm

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH). The 1p/19q gene co-deletion was detected by FISH, which was performed in accordance ... FISHing tips: what every clinician should know about 1p19q analysis in gliomas using fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Clin ... At least 100 nonoverlapping nuclei were selected for assessment in each sample using fluorescence microscopy. ...

https://journals.lww.com/appliedimmunohist/Fulltext/2022/03000/IDH1_2_Mutations_in_Patients_With_Diffuse_Gliomas_.4.aspx?WT.mc_id=HPxADx20100319xMP

... August 8, 2016 By Euroscicon Off ... FISH Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization ID-FISH Technology Inc malaria TB tuberculosis ... Reference: Shah J. et al. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Assays for Diagnosing Malaria in Endemic Areas. PLoS One 10 ... You are here: Home / Industry Updates / Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) diagnostic tests for infectious diseases ...

http://www.lifescienceevents.com/fluorescence-situ-hybridization-fish-diagnostic-tests-infectious-diseases/

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This test is another way to look for changes in chromosomes. The cells in the sample ...

https://www.uhhospitals.org/locations/primary-care/uh-rainbow-madison-pediatrics/health-and-wellness-library/diseases-and-conditions/article/pediatric-diseases-and-conditions-v0/medical-genetics-chromosome-studies

We used interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization with the probes LSII3 (Rb)/D13S319 with simultaneous immunofluorescence ... We used interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization with the probes LSII3 (Rb)/D13S319 with simultaneous immunofluorescence ... We used interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization with the probes LSII3 (Rb)/D13S319 with simultaneous immunofluorescence ... We used interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization with the probes LSII3 (Rb)/D13S319 with simultaneous immunofluorescence ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/biological-and-prognostic-significance-of-interphase-fluorescence

We performed two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on direct touch smears and liquid-based thin-layer (ThinPrep) ... N2 - We performed two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on direct touch smears and liquid-based thin-layer ( ... AB - We performed two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on direct touch smears and liquid-based thin-layer ( ... abstract = "We performed two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on direct touch smears and liquid-based thin-layer ...

https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/diagnostic-clinical-application-of-two-color-fluorescence-in-situ

Cytogenetic studies included fluorescence in situ hybridization [‎FISH]‎ when indicated. In all, 15 patients had chromosomal ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/118730?show=full

Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Procedures for tissue preparation, immunohistochemistry and in ... For in situ hybridization, sections were mounted on Superfrost slides (Thermo Scientific), treated with 1.5 mg/mL of proteinase ... while the expression of RBPMS2 detected by in situ hybridization (bottom two rows) is unique to human RGCs, but not found in ... situ hybridization have been described in (12, 64, 69). Briefly, eyes were fixed in ice-cold 4% paraformaldehyde, rinsed with ...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.11.943779v1.full

Visualization of the mycelia of wood-rotting fungi by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a peptide nucleic acid probe.. ... were visualized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe. Mycelia grown on wood ... Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ/métodos Micelio/ultraestructura Sondas de Ácido Nucleico/química Ácidos Nucleicos de Péptidos/ ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/perinatal/resource/es/mdl-23391931

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localize the 18S-28S ribosomal RNA gene clusters on the chromosomes of 15 mosquito species belonging to the Anophelinae and Culicinae subfamilies. (nature.com)
The potential of these two methods can be enhanced by the combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. (nih.gov)
Can LGC Biosearch Technologies' probes (and dyes) be used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)? (biosearchtech.com)
The patent, one of several recent patents issued to Flagship, discloses a method to identify CISH (chromogenic in situ hybridization) and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) dots on a tissue slide, as well as very small stained particles such as bacteria. (flagshipbio.com)
Mapping of regions of physical deletion on chromosome 16q in prostate cancer cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (elsevier.com)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the complicated and very effective technique to determine the origin of chromosome material that cannot be identified by conventional banding techniques. (who.int)
Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) belongs to that special category of well-established molecular biology techniques that, since their inception a few decades, Fluorescence In situ Hybridization: Cell-Based Genetic Diagnostic and Research Applications. (krishnakitchen.org)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a macromolecule recognition technique, which is considered as a new advent in the field of cytology. (krishnakitchen.org)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the most convincing technique for locating the specific DNA sequences, diagnosis of genetic diseases, gene mapping, and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization is used to visualize defined nucleic acid sequences by hybridization of complementary probe sequences. (krishnakitchen.org)
Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH): Protocols and Applications (Methods in Molecular Biology) 2010th Edition Our objective was to develop an automated brightfield double in situ hybridization (BDISH) application fluorescence in situ hybridization Diagnostic Pathology. (krishnakitchen.org)
Cancer Fluorescence in situ Hybridization FISH # Fluorescence in situ hybridization and not yet validated for field applications. (krishnakitchen.org)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization: applications in cytogenetics and gene mapping interphase cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (krishnakitchen.org)
We studied the application of the BCR-ABL1 + 9q34 tri-colour dual fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) system in the characterization of fusion signal Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) - Application Guide by Thomas Liehr, 9783540705802, available at Book Depository with free delivery worldwide. (krishnakitchen.org)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the most convincing technique for locating the specific DNA sequences, diagnosis of genetic diseases, gene mapping, and Get this from a library! (krishnakitchen.org)
You have free access to this content Applications of fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques in cytopathology, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the assay of choice for localization of specific nucleic acids sequences in native context, is a 20-year-old technology. (krishnakitchen.org)
Histology and dual-target fluorescence in situ hybridization readers are referred to the Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)-Application Guide https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridization_(molecular_biology) Fluorescence in situ hybridization and not yet validated for field applications. (krishnakitchen.org)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can be used to identify these chromosomal translocations and amplifications, and sub classify STS precisely. (iranpath.org)
RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH is a powerful tool to visualize. (seedylawyer.com)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH is based on a hybridiza- tion reaction. (seedylawyer.com)
Fluorescence in situ Hybridization FISH on Tissue Cryosections July 2010. (seedylawyer.com)
Of chromosome painting called fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH is the. (seedylawyer.com)
Among them fluorescent in situ hybridization FISH is rapid charge and quantitative. (icialispills.online)
Thus not all fish assay can be male or section of bacteria in fluorescence situ hybridization protocol is achieved by johns hopkins university affordable method were subsequently all other site may have a reliable identification. (icialispills.online)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) utilizes molecular biology techniques to detect the presence or absence of and enumerate specific region of the genome using fluorescently labeled pieces of DNA (probes). (geneticsassociates.com)
ID-FISH Technology Inc. ( www.idfishtechnology.com ), based in Palo Alto, CA, USA is a pioneer in the Biotechnology Industry dedicated to the development of high quality, simple, rapid, and inexpensive diagnostic test kits for the detection of infectious diseases worldwide ( e.g. malaria and tuberculosis) using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) technology. (lifescienceevents.com)
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Assays for Diagnosing Malaria in Endemic Areas. (lifescienceevents.com)
We performed two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on direct touch smears and liquid-based thin-layer (ThinPrep) cytological preparations of endometrial tumors to detect alterations of chromosome 1 and 17 that present with high incidence in endometrial cancers. (elsevier.com)
Cytogenetic studies included fluorescence in situ hybridization [‎FISH]‎ when indicated. (who.int)
White rot fungus , Phanerochaete chrysosporium , and brown rot fungus , Postia placenta , grown on agar plates, were visualized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe . (bvsalud.org)
In the present study, we attempted to map 12 fosmid clones containing tandem repeats by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857). (pensoft.net)
We used multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosomes X, Y, and 18 to determine XX, YY, XY, and total sex-chromosome disomy in sperm nuclei. (cdc.gov)
It is indicated for use as an adjunct to standard cytogenetic methaphase analysis a identifying and enumerating human chromosomes via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in metaphase cells and interphase nuclei of human cells. (fda.gov)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), to detect EWSR1 rearrangement, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to assess for EWSR1-WT1 fusion transcripts are routine diagnostic ancillary tools. (icr.ac.uk)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allows the detection of numerical aberrations in interphase cell nuclei and provides a simple, fast and reliable means to assess genetic instability in cancer ce lls. (cut.ac.za)
Hybridization signals from three kinds of cytological targets with different FISH resolutions showed that both MLPK gene and SSP gene might be located at a single-copy locus in Brassica oleracea genome. (chinacrops.org)
To gain an insight into chromosomal instability (CIN) and karyotype heterogeneity, 19 HAP1 cell lines were cytogenetically characterised, 17 of which were near-haploids and two double-haploids, using multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridisation (M-FISH), at single cell resolution. (biomedcentral.com)
Results consistent with neoplasm may prompt fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for BCR-ABL or Jak 2 . (medscape.com)
Une quantification par cytométrie en flux trois couleurs des cellules CD34+/Annexine+/PI, une analyse FISH, un marquage immunocytochimique des préparations cytospines de la moelle osseuse et des cultures de cellules souches à long terme ont été réalisés. (who.int)
Peptide nucleic acid -fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) assay for specific detection of mycobacterium immunogenum and DNA -FISH assay for analysis of pseudomonads in metalworking fluids and sputum. (cdc.gov)
After incubation, tissue sections were analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for direct visualization of the biofilms. (fu-berlin.de)
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines also recommend the use of serum free light chain assay and plasma cell fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on bone marrow: del 13, del 17p13, t(4;14), t(11;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), 1q21 amplification, 1p deletion as part of the initial diagnostic workup. (medscape.com)
Expression of each cluster's gene signatures was validated using multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) co-stained with piwi-1 and largely confirmed the cell clusters revealed by scRNA-seq. (stowers.org)
This formula is specifically designed for brain sections that will be subjected to in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization (ISH and FISH), as well as immunohistochemistry (IHC). (bioenno.com)
In this thesis, I used a cohort of 421 lung cancer primary patient samples to screen prevalence of FGFR1 gene amplification among SQCLC and SCLC groups using fluorescence in situ hybridization technique (FISH). (uni-goettingen.de)
We assessed HER-2 status by SP3 and HercepTest IHC stains and by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) on invasive breast carcinomas from paired needle core biopsy and excisional biopsy specimens from 100 patients. (ox.ac.uk)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is also an acceptable method, with ROS1positivity defined as the detection of at least 15% of neoplastic nuclei with ROS1 gene rearrangements among a minimum of 50 total neoplastic nuclei. (who.int)
Au Mali, les approches génétiques de diagnostic et d'évaluation de la réponse thérapeutique de la LMC font défaut d'où l'intérêt de développer la méthode FISH (Hybridation in situ en Fluorescence) pour diagnostiquer et évaluer la réponse thérapeutique de la LMC. (bvsalud.org)
En outre, nous avons observé des réarrangements ABL1/BCR à la FISH chez 22 des 25 patients. (bvsalud.org)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Identification of sex chromosome by fluorescence in situ hybridization. (who.int)
Sarasophona S, Promsawat K, Rerkamnuaychok B. Identification of sex chromosome by fluorescence in situ hybridization. (who.int)

Fluorescent in situ hybridization technique for cell type. (seedylawyer.com)
Place parafilm on fluorescence intensity, future policy research possesses many factors should sign in situ hybridization buffer with fluorescent dots. (seedylawyer.com)
Three dimensional dual labeled DNA fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis in fixed tissue sections. (seedylawyer.com)
Microscopy, PCR, and fluorescent in situ hybridization provided evidence of norovirus infection. (cdc.gov)
Microscopy, PCR, and fluorescent in situ indicate that specific histo-blood group antigens play a hybridization provided evidence of norovirus infection. (cdc.gov)
A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. (bvsalud.org)

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Protocol for biotinylated probes Denature the chromosomes a Treat the slide with 70 Formamide 2XSSC for 2 minutes. (seedylawyer.com)
Three clones were respectively assigned to a pair of metacentric chromosomes, a pair of submetacentric chromosomes and a pair of telocentric chromosomes and the remaining 3 clones showed their loci on three different pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes by co-hybridization. (pensoft.net)
C-banding and fluorescence banding could illustrate the heterochromatin regions on chromosomes. (pensoft.net)
The analysis of the long-range organisation of Musa chromosomes has progressed thanks to the application of fluorescence in situ hybridisation. (fao.org)
In this paper, the localization of MLPK and SSP genes for self-incompatibility of Brassica oleracea on prometaphase chromosomes, early pachytene chromosomes and extended DNA fibers was conducted successfully by fluorescence in situ hybridization. (chinacrops.org)

Cells and tissues examined with synthetic fluorophores in fluorescence microscopy. (microscopyu.com)
Therefore, after synthesizes, all samples were investigated in term of chemical structure, microstructure and fluorescence properties by infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry. (researchsquare.com)

Comparative cytogenetics of six Indo-Pacific moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) by chromosomal banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization. (telomerescience.com)
A comparative cytogenetic analysis, using both conventional staining techniques and fluorescence in situ hybridization, of six Indo-Pacific moray eels from three different genera (Gymnothorax fimbriatus, Gymnothorax flavimarginatus, Gymnothorax javanicus, Gymnothorax undulatus, Echidna nebulosa and Gymnomuraena zebra), was carried out to investigate the chromosomal differentiation in the family Muraenidae. (telomerescience.com)

We used interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization with the probes LSII3 (Rb)/D13S319 with simultaneous immunofluorescence detection of bone marrow plasma cells (PCs). (elsevier.com)
This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei. (bvsalud.org)

Using fluorescence to examine dynamic interactions between probes in living cells. (microscopyu.com)
These probes are used in nucleic acid hybridization, in situ hybridization and other molecular biology procedures. (jrank.org)
The alteration of RBC membrane was assessed using fluorescence anisotropy (FAn) and fluorescence probes with different affinities for varying sections of the membrane phospholipid bilayer. (afpm.org.my)

Abnova has integrated padlock probe and rolling circle amplification (RCA) for in situ , single cell, single molecule, DNA and RNA mutation detection at single nucleotide resolution.Please visit Abnova website for more information. (abnova.com)
Abnova's mutaFISH™ probe are for in situ , single cell, single molecule, DNA and RNA mutation detection at single nucleotide resolution. (abnova.com)
Ferrari, Belinda C. / Fluorescence in situ hybridisation for species-specific detection of zoonotic Crptosporidium - a simple and rapid screening technique . (edu.au)
Urine cytology is still the most accurate noninvasive test for bladder cancer that is in routine clinical use, with a sensitivity of 80-90% and a specificity of 98-100% for detection of high-grade lesions and carcinoma in situ (CIS). (medscape.com)
Imaging with laser excitation and pinhole detection of fluorescence. (microscopyu.com)
One needs to test hybridization before color coding and multiple transcript detection, which is accomplished using two bright dyes to show transcription sites. (elsevier.com)

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor: evaluation of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization as ancillary molecular diagnostic techniques. (icr.ac.uk)
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to detect circRNF13 expression in 12 non-tumor nasopharyngeal epithelial (NPE) tissues and 36 NPC samples. (biomedcentral.com)

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of the DiGeorge syndrome region using fluorescence in situ hybridization. (ox.ac.uk)

A thorough description on how to perform mutaFISH™ staining in situ in frozen tissue. (abnova.com)
Whole mount in situ hybridization is a sensitive method used to characterize the spatial and temporal expression of RNA transcripts throughout an entire tissue. (icialispills.online)

Fluorescence In situ Hybridization: Cell-Based Genetic Diagnostic and Research Applications. (krishnakitchen.org)
Skip secondary structures also less privileged patient welfare program ensures access has risen to hybridization protocol in fluorescence situ hybridization protocol and more portable diagnostic testing. (icialispills.online)

Visualization of the mycelia of wood-rotting fungi by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a peptide nucleic acid probe. (bvsalud.org)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization in surgical pathology. (krishnakitchen.org)
His Pathology research integrates issues from Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Monosomy and Gene expression profiling. (research.com)

In situ visualization of high genetic diversity in a natural microbial community. (icialispills.online)

A, B) GAD mRNA was well preserved on sections that are stored in the cryoprotectant for 1 year and later processed for in situhybridization (ISH) using DIG-labelled riboprobe. (bioenno.com)

Rna capture and hybridization in treweek et al proposed in vitro is available among a direct and atto dye. (seedylawyer.com)
This review provides an outline of the most used research models, i.e. in silico , in vitro , ex vivo , in situ , ex situ , and in vivo (Figure 1) and an in-depth discussion about the advantages and limitations of each model. (biomedscis.com)

In addition, we utilized fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect the chromatin pan-centromeric signals within the MN. (cdc.gov)

The fluorescence signal intensity of the DHFR gene was analysed in lymphocytes from 15 normal donors, in MTX-resistant HeLa cells (carrying DHFR gene amplification) and in bone marrow blasts from 16 patients with acute leukaemia (AL) by in situ hybridisation. (ox.ac.uk)
PCR, coupled with fluorescence techniques and computer technology, allows the real time amplification of DNA. (jrank.org)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization is used to visualize defined nucleic acid sequences by hybridization of complementary probe sequences. (krishnakitchen.org)

The combined fluorescence from the probe set hybridized to the transcript can be seen as a diffraction-limited spot in a widefield fluorescence microscope, allowing both the location of the RNA and the copy number per cell to be revealed. (biosearchtech.com)
In the rapidly expanding fields of cellular and molecular biology, widefield and confocal fluorescence illumination and observation is becoming one of the techniques of choice. (microscopyu.com)

Methods The rearrangement was characterised using fluorescence in situ hybridisation, Southern blotting, inverse PCR and dideoxy-sequencing. (bmj.com)

Rates of pathologic complete practice due to its high cost and the extensive resources required, response (pCR) following anthracycline/taxane chemotherapy are surrogate definitions of the subtype based on semiquantitative 25%-35%, and patients achieving pCR have better outcomes from IHC scoring of ER, PR, and in situ hybridization tests for HER2 among those patients with TNBC [11]. (2medicalcare.com)

In situ experiment to it may be used as inhalation toxicity, according to resolve complex innovative approach implies a microbial community. (seedylawyer.com)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization of a repetitive DNA probe to human. (seedylawyer.com)

Fluorescence In Situ hybridization, is used to determine the expression pattern of several genes. (krishnakitchen.org)
Localization of MLPK and SSP Genes for Self-Incompatibility of Brassica oleracea by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization[J].Acta Agron Sin, 2009, 35(5): 802-808. (chinacrops.org)
Cluster identity was assigned based on the top 10 marker genes of each cluster ( Table S2 ), followed by inspection of RNA in situ hybridization patterns. (stowers.org)

In situ hybridization is the method of localizing detecting specific. (seedylawyer.com)
The results obtained with a fluorescence in situ hybridisation method were quantified using the Scion image software program and compared with cytochemical and cytophotometric data relating to DHFR activity. (ox.ac.uk)

These techniques, which are almost universally employed in both the medical and biological sciences, have spurred the development of more sophisticated microscopes and numerous fluorescence accessories. (microscopyu.com)
Basic equipment and techniques necessary for observing specimens in fluorescence. (microscopyu.com)

However, leukemic lymphoblasts showed higher fluorescence signal intensity of the DHFR gene as compared with normal lymphocytes, and leukemic myeloblasts a much higher signal than lymphoblasts. (ox.ac.uk)
HeLa cells showed the highest fluorescence signal intensity. (ox.ac.uk)
The procedure yields structures with high fluorescence intensities and narrow intensity distributions. (rsc.org)

A thorough description on how to perform mutaFISH™ staining in situ in circulating tumor cells captured in CytoChipNano. (abnova.com)
Quantification of the DHFR gene in blast cells of leukaemia patients by fluorescence in situ hybridisation. (ox.ac.uk)
Identification of sperm and non-sperm male cells in cervicovaginal smears using fluorescence in situ hybridization: applications in alleged sexual assault cases. (bvsalud.org)

Homozygous loss of band 9p21, the site for the tumor suppressor gene P16, is a known early genetic event in the development of papillary carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS). (medscape.com)

In miik was necessary to assess the mechanistic underpinnings of in situ hybridization protocol, india suggests the literature. (seedylawyer.com)
Formalin induced by comparison with a fundamental law of the therapeutic agent, resulting in situ hybridization in protocol is significant bactericidal effects. (seedylawyer.com)
The epcoh values and surface area of the complexity and fluorescence in situ hybridization protocol pdf was found. (seedylawyer.com)
One-fits-all pretreatment protocol facilitating Fluorescence In. (seedylawyer.com)
Collagen is very stable hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization protocol pdf was identified. (seedylawyer.com)

More detailed analysis of the genomic constitution is made possible using genomic in situ hybridisation. (fao.org)

Selon la classification FIGO 2002, 10 (33%) étaient en stade IIB distal, 17 (57%) étaient en stade IIIB et 3 (10%) en stade IVA. (bvsalud.org)

In Situ Hybridization in Plants. (seedylawyer.com)
Natural fluorescence in plants and animals that can also be introduced by fixatives. (microscopyu.com)

Determine the in situ. (seedylawyer.com)

A variety of immunohistochemical (IHC) antibodies and in situ hybridisation (ISH) methods have been employed to assess HER-2 status. (ox.ac.uk)

Repeated fluorescence in situ hybridization and its applications in human genome studies. (muni.cz)

The Nikon blue excitation fluorescence filter combinations include bandpass and longpass sets having both broad and narrow excitation bandwidths. (microscopyu.com)

Anatomy49

Organisms15

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment56

Phenomena and Processes96

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care3

11q23.1 and 11q25-qter YACs suppress tumour growth in vivo. (1/9173)

Deletion of a region that is a candidate for the difference between the deletion forms of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin and deltabeta-thalassemia affects beta- but not gamma-globin gene expression. (2/9173)

Analysis of genomic integrity and p53-dependent G1 checkpoint in telomerase-induced extended-life-span human fibroblasts. (3/9173)

Tissue specific expression and chromosomal mapping of a human UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: alpha1,3-d-mannoside beta1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. (4/9173)

Insertion of excised IgH switch sequences causes overexpression of cyclin D1 in a myeloma tumor cell. (5/9173)

Specific chromosomal aberrations and amplification of the AIB1 nuclear receptor coactivator gene in pancreatic carcinomas. (6/9173)

Treponema brennaborense sp. nov., a novel spirochaete isolated from a dairy cow suffering from digital dermatitis. (7/9173)

Survey of gene amplifications during prostate cancer progression by high-throughout fluorescence in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays. (8/9173)

No images available that match "in situ hybridization fluorescence"

In Situ Hybridization

In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Fluorescence

Spectrometry, Fluorescence

Microscopy, Fluorescence

RNA, Messenger

Molecular Sequence Data

Fluorescence Polarization

DNA Probes

Base Sequence

Fluorescent Dyes

RNA Probes

Hybridization, Genetic

Immunohistochemistry

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Cloning, Molecular

Amino Acid Sequence

Chromosome Aberrations

Digoxigenin

Oligonucleotide Probes

Gene Expression

Chromosome Mapping

Blotting, Northern

Gene Amplification

Karyotyping

DNA

DNA, Complementary

Comparative Genomic Hybridization

Translocation, Genetic

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Chromosome Banding

Aneuploidy

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Phylogeny

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Carcinoma in Situ

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Blotting, Southern

Tissue Distribution

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching

DNA, Ribosomal

DNA, Bacterial

Gene Dosage

Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton

DNA Primers

Kinetics

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

Time Factors

Primed In Situ Labeling

Sensitivity and Specificity

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1

Transcription, Genetic

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17

Nucleic Acid Probes

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7

DNA, Viral

Microscopy, Confocal

Paraffin Embedding

Species Specificity

Molecular Probe Techniques

Cytogenetic Analysis

Gene Library

Peptide Nucleic Acids

Cells, Cultured

RNA

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11

Luminescent Proteins

Chromosome Deletion

Gene Expression Regulation

Carbocyanines

Cell Line

Gene Expression Profiling

Rhodamines

Organ Specificity

Interphase

Genes, erbB-2