AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
In Situ HybridizationIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceNucleic Acid HybridizationRNA, MessengerMolecular Sequence DataDNA ProbesBase SequenceRNA ProbesHybridization, GeneticImmunohistochemistryPolymerase Chain ReactionDigoxigeninCloning, MolecularGene ExpressionOligonucleotide ProbesChromosome AberrationsBlotting, NorthernChromosome MappingAmino Acid SequenceComparative Genomic HybridizationGene AmplificationKaryotypingDNA, ComplementaryGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalChromosome BandingTranslocation, GeneticCarcinoma in SituSequence Analysis, DNAPhylogenyBlotting, SouthernRNA, Ribosomal, 16SDNAAneuploidyReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionDNA, RibosomalTissue DistributionDNA, BacterialGene DosageOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisPrimed In Situ LabelingSequence Homology, Amino AcidTranscription, GeneticDNA PrimersDNA, ViralChromosomes, Human, Pair 1Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17Gene LibraryParaffin EmbeddingChromosomes, Human, Pair 7Nucleic Acid ProbesSpecies SpecificityGene Expression RegulationGene Expression ProfilingOrgan SpecificityRNACytogenetic AnalysisChromosome DeletionChromosomes, Human, Pair 11Peptide Nucleic AcidsSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidGenes, erbB-2Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12GenesChromosomes, Human, Pair 8Y ChromosomeBrainInterphaseChromosomes, HumanSensitivity and SpecificityAutoradiographyCytogeneticsEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentChromosome PaintingGene RearrangementMolecular Probe TechniquesChromosomes, Human, Pair 14Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18Rats, Sprague-DawleyPhenotypeChromosome DisordersSequence AlignmentChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialRNA, ViralImmunoenzyme TechniquesChromosomesTranscription FactorsRestriction MappingChromosomes, Human, Pair 3Tissue FixationChromosomes, Human, Pair 13RNA, BacterialMetaphaseCells, CulturedZebrafishDNA, NeoplasmTrisomyReceptor, erbB-2Antisense Elements (Genetics)Embryo, NonmammalianEmbryo, MammalianTime FactorsChromosomes, Human, Pair 9Genetic MarkersCentromereTestisPregnancyCell LineEpitheliumChromosomes, Human, Pair 22Chromogenic CompoundsX ChromosomeHybrid CellsDNA-Binding ProteinsCell NucleusBreast NeoplasmsMutationChick EmbryoCosmidsNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronsMultigene FamilyBacteriaPloidiesChromosome BreakageChromosomes, PlantRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidRNA, RibosomalTumor Markers, BiologicalHerpesvirus 4, HumanTumor Virus InfectionsPapillomaviridaeChromosomes, Human, Pair 20Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6DNA Restriction EnzymesGenes, rRNACell DifferentiationBiotinPolyploidyKidneyRNA, Ribosomal, 18SGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticCarrier ProteinsFormaldehydePlasmidsMice, Inbred C57BLMonosomyChromosomes, Artificial, YeastTissue Array AnalysisRNA, NeoplasmDNA, PlantDNA, SatelliteHomeodomain ProteinsChromosomes, Human, Pair 21Gene DeletionNervous SystemGenes, BacterialMembrane ProteinsSewageChromosomes, Human, Pair 5Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16BiopsyUp-RegulationTumor Cells, CulturedProteinsReproducibility of ResultsPhysical Chromosome MappingChromosomes, Human, Pair 4Abnormalities, MultipleChromosomes, Human, XDNA Probes, HPVTelomereLiverBase CompositionNeoplasm ProteinsFluorescent Antibody TechniqueRats, WistarZebrafish ProteinsBlotting, WesternChromosomes, Human, Pair 19Silver StainingFetusChromosomes, Human, Pair 2MesodermSpectral KaryotypingPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthHistocytochemistryGenomic LibraryAnimals, NewbornOligonucleotidesGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicMorphogenesisGenes, HomeoboxMosaicismOvaryStaining and LabelingOncogene Proteins, FusionPrognosisMice, Inbred StrainsSpermatozoaMicroscopy, Fluorescence
In Situ Hybridization: A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence: A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.Nucleic Acid Hybridization: Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.DNA Probes: Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.RNA Probes: RNA, usually prepared by transcription from cloned DNA, which complements a specific mRNA or DNA and is generally used for studies of virus genes, distribution of specific RNA in tissues and cells, integration of viral DNA into genomes, transcription, etc. Whereas DNA PROBES are preferred for use at a more macroscopic level for detection of the presence of DNA/RNA from specific species or subspecies, RNA probes are preferred for genetic studies. Conventional labels for the RNA probe include radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. RNA probes may be further divided by category into plus-sense RNA probes, minus-sense RNA probes, and antisense RNA probes.Hybridization, Genetic: The genetic process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Digoxigenin: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Oligonucleotide Probes: Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.Chromosome Aberrations: Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.Blotting, Northern: Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.Chromosome Mapping: Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Comparative Genomic Hybridization: A method for comparing two sets of chromosomal DNA by analyzing differences in the copy number and location of specific sequences. It is used to look for large sequence changes such as deletions, duplications, amplifications, or translocations.Gene Amplification: A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.Karyotyping: Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.DNA, Complementary: Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.Chromosome Banding: Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridization studies, chromosome mapping.Translocation, Genetic: A type of chromosome aberration characterized by CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE and transfer of the broken-off portion to another location, often to a different chromosome.Carcinoma in Situ: A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Blotting, Southern: A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.RNA, Ribosomal, 16S: Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.DNA: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).Aneuploidy: The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.DNA, Ribosomal: DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.Tissue Distribution: Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.DNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.Gene Dosage: The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis: Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.Primed In Situ Labeling: A technique that labels specific sequences in whole chromosomes by in situ DNA chain elongation or PCR (polymerase chain reaction).Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.Transcription, Genetic: The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.DNA, Viral: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1: A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17: A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Gene Library: A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.Paraffin Embedding: The infiltrating of tissue specimens with paraffin, as a supporting substance, to prepare for sectioning with a microtome.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7: A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Nucleic Acid Probes: Nucleic acid which complements a specific mRNA or DNA molecule, or fragment thereof; used for hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms and for genetic studies.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Gene Expression Profiling: The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.Organ Specificity: Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.RNA: A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)Cytogenetic Analysis: Examination of CHROMOSOMES to diagnose, classify, screen for, or manage genetic diseases and abnormalities. Following preparation of the sample, KARYOTYPING is performed and/or the specific chromosomes are analyzed.Chromosome Deletion: Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11: A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Peptide Nucleic Acids: DNA analogs containing neutral amide backbone linkages composed of aminoethyl glycine units instead of the usual phosphodiester linkage of deoxyribose groups. Peptide nucleic acids have high biological stability and higher affinity for complementary DNA or RNA sequences than analogous DNA oligomers.Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid: The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.Genes, erbB-2: The erbB-2 gene is a proto-oncogene that codes for the erbB-2 receptor (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2), a protein with structural features similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Its name originates from the viral oncogene homolog (v-erbB) which is a truncated form of the chicken erbB gene found in the avian erythroblastosis virus. Overexpression and amplification of the gene is associated with a significant number of adenocarcinomas. The human c-erbB-2 gene is located at 17q21.2.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12: A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Genes: A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8: A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Y Chromosome: The male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans and in some other male-heterogametic species in which the homologue of the X chromosome has been retained.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Interphase: The interval between two successive CELL DIVISIONS during which the CHROMOSOMES are not individually distinguishable. It is composed of the G phases (G1 PHASE; G0 PHASE; G2 PHASE) and S PHASE (when DNA replication occurs).Chromosomes, Human: Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE). Normally 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry the hereditary information of the individual.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Autoradiography: The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)Cytogenetics: A subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the cytological and molecular analysis of the CHROMOSOMES, and location of the GENES on chromosomes, and the movements of chromosomes during the CELL CYCLE.Embryonic and Fetal Development: Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.Chromosome Painting: A technique for visualizing CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS using fluorescently labeled DNA probes which are hybridized to chromosomal DNA. Multiple fluorochromes may be attached to the probes. Upon hybridization, this produces a multicolored, or painted, effect with a unique color at each site of hybridization. This technique may also be used to identify cross-species homology by labeling probes from one species for hybridization with chromosomes from another species.Gene Rearrangement: The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development.Molecular Probe Techniques: The use of devices which use detector molecules to detect, investigate, or analyze other molecules, macromolecules, molecular aggregates, or organisms.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14: A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18: A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Chromosome Disorders: Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal chromosome constitution in which there is extra or missing chromosome material (either a whole chromosome or a chromosome segment). (from Thompson et al., Genetics in Medicine, 5th ed, p429)Sequence Alignment: The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial: DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of other sequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes.RNA, Viral: Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Immunoenzyme Techniques: Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.Chromosomes: In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Restriction Mapping: Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3: A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.Tissue Fixation: The technique of using FIXATIVES in the preparation of cytologic, histologic, or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all the constituent elements.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13: A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.RNA, Bacterial: Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.Metaphase: The phase of cell nucleus division following PROMETAPHASE, in which the CHROMOSOMES line up across the equatorial plane of the SPINDLE APPARATUS prior to separation.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Zebrafish: An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.DNA, Neoplasm: DNA present in neoplastic tissue.Trisomy: The possession of a third chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell.Receptor, erbB-2: A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF RECEPTOR, the ERBB-3 RECEPTOR, and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member.Antisense Elements (Genetics): Nucleic acids which hybridize to complementary sequences in other target nucleic acids causing the function of the latter to be affected.Embryo, Nonmammalian: The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.Embryo, Mammalian: The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9: A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Genetic Markers: A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.Centromere: The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division.Testis: The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Epithelium: One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22: A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Chromogenic Compounds: Colorless, endogenous or exogenous pigment precursors that may be transformed by biological mechanisms into colored compounds; used in biochemical assays and in diagnosis as indicators, especially in the form of enzyme substrates. Synonym: chromogens (not to be confused with pigment-synthesizing bacteria also called chromogens).X Chromosome: The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in human and other male-heterogametic species.Hybrid Cells: Any cell, other than a ZYGOTE, that contains elements (such as NUCLEI and CYTOPLASM) from two or more different cells, usually produced by artificial CELL FUSION.DNA-Binding Proteins: Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.Cell Nucleus: Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Breast Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Chick Embryo: The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.Cosmids: Plasmids containing at least one cos (cohesive-end site) of PHAGE LAMBDA. They are used as cloning vehicles.Nerve Tissue ProteinsNeurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.Multigene Family: A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Bacteria: One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.Ploidies: The degree of replication of the chromosome set in the karyotype.Chromosome Breakage: A type of chromosomal aberration involving DNA BREAKS. Chromosome breakage can result in CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION; CHROMOSOME INVERSION; or SEQUENCE DELETION.Chromosomes, Plant: Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid: Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).RNA, Ribosomal: The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)Tumor Markers, Biological: Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.Herpesvirus 4, Human: The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.Tumor Virus Infections: Infections produced by oncogenic viruses. The infections caused by DNA viruses are less numerous but more diverse than those caused by the RNA oncogenic viruses.Papillomaviridae: A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus "types", each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20: A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15: A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6: A specific pair GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.DNA Restriction Enzymes: Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.Genes, rRNA: Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.Biotin: A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.Polyploidy: The chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of CHROMOSOMES; includes triploidy (symbol: 3N), tetraploidy (symbol: 4N), etc.Kidney: Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.RNA, Ribosomal, 18S: Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.Carrier Proteins: Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.Formaldehyde: A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)Plasmids: Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.Mice, Inbred C57BLMonosomy: The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1.Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast: Chromosomes in which fragments of exogenous DNA ranging in length up to several hundred kilobase pairs have been cloned into yeast through ligation to vector sequences. These artificial chromosomes are used extensively in molecular biology for the construction of comprehensive genomic libraries of higher organisms.Tissue Array Analysis: The simultaneous analysis of multiple samples of TISSUES or CELLS from BIOPSY or in vitro culture that have been arranged in an array format on slides or microchips.RNA, Neoplasm: RNA present in neoplastic tissue.DNA, Plant: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.DNA, Satellite: Highly repetitive DNA sequences found in HETEROCHROMATIN, mainly near centromeres. They are composed of simple sequences (very short) (see MINISATELLITE REPEATS) repeated in tandem many times to form large blocks of sequence. Additionally, following the accumulation of mutations, these blocks of repeats have been repeated in tandem themselves. The degree of repetition is on the order of 1000 to 10 million at each locus. Loci are few, usually one or two per chromosome. They were called satellites since in density gradients, they often sediment as distinct, satellite bands separate from the bulk of genomic DNA owing to a distinct BASE COMPOSITION.Homeodomain Proteins: Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21: A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Gene Deletion: A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)Genes, Bacterial: The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.Membrane Proteins: Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.Sewage: Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5: One of the two pairs of human chromosomes in the group B class (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 4-5).Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16: A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.Up-Regulation: A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Tumor Cells, Cultured: Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.Proteins: Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Physical Chromosome Mapping: Mapping of the linear order of genes on a chromosome with units indicating their distances by using methods other than genetic recombination. These methods include nucleotide sequencing, overlapping deletions in polytene chromosomes, and electron micrography of heteroduplex DNA. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 5th ed)Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4: A specific pair of GROUP B CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Abnormalities, MultipleChromosomes, Human, X: The human female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in humans.DNA Probes, HPV: DNA probes specific for the identification of human papilloma virus.Telomere: A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Base Composition: The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.Neoplasm Proteins: Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.Fluorescent Antibody Technique: Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Zebrafish Proteins: Proteins obtained from the ZEBRAFISH. Many of the proteins in this species have been the subject of studies involving basic embryological development (EMBRYOLOGY).Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19: A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Silver Staining: The use of silver, usually silver nitrate, as a reagent for producing contrast or coloration in tissue specimens.Fetus: The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2: A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.Mesoderm: The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.Spectral Karyotyping: The simultaneous identification of all chromosomes from a cell by fluorescence in situ hybridization (IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION, FLUORESCENCE) with chromosome-specific florescent probes that are discerned by their different emission spectra.Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length: Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.Histocytochemistry: Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.Genomic Library: A form of GENE LIBRARY containing the complete DNA sequences present in the genome of a given organism. It contrasts with a cDNA library which contains only sequences utilized in protein coding (lacking introns).Animals, Newborn: Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.Oligonucleotides: Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.Morphogenesis: The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.Genes, Homeobox: Genes that encode highly conserved TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that control positional identity of cells (BODY PATTERNING) and MORPHOGENESIS throughout development. Their sequences contain a 180 nucleotide sequence designated the homeobox, so called because mutations of these genes often results in homeotic transformations, in which one body structure replaces another. The proteins encoded by homeobox genes are called HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS.Mosaicism: The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single ZYGOTE, as opposed to CHIMERISM in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote.Ovary: The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.Staining and Labeling: The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.Oncogene Proteins, Fusion: The GENETIC TRANSLATION products of the fusion between an ONCOGENE and another gene. The latter may be of viral or cellular origin.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Mice, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.Spermatozoa: Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.Microscopy, Fluorescence: Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

The surface ectoderm is essential for nephric duct formation in intermediate mesoderm. (1/18351)

The nephric duct is the first epithelial tubule to differentiate from intermediate mesoderm that is essential for all further urogenital development. In this study we identify the domain of intermediate mesoderm that gives rise to the nephric duct and demonstrate that the surface ectoderm is required for its differentiation. Removal of the surface ectoderm resulted in decreased levels of Sim-1 and Pax-2 mRNA expression in mesenchymal nephric duct progenitors, and caused inhibition of nephric duct formation and subsequent kidney development. The surface ectoderm expresses BMP-4 and we show that it is required for the maintenance of high-level BMP-4 expression in lateral plate mesoderm. Addition of a BMP-4-coated bead to embryos lacking the surface ectoderm restored normal levels of Sim-1 and Pax-2 mRNA expression in nephric duct progenitors, nephric duct formation and the initiation of nephrogenesis. Thus, BMP-4 signaling can substitute for the surface ectoderm in supporting nephric duct morphogenesis. Collectively, these data suggest that inductive interactions between the surface ectoderm, lateral mesoderm and intermediate mesoderm are essential for nephric duct formation and the initiation of urogenital development.  (+info)

Ultrabithorax function in butterfly wings and the evolution of insect wing patterns. (2/18351)

BACKGROUND: . The morphological and functional evolution of appendages has played a critical role in animal evolution, but the developmental genetic mechanisms underlying appendage diversity are not understood. Given that homologous appendage development is controlled by the same Hox gene in different organisms, and that Hox genes are transcription factors, diversity may evolve from changes in the regulation of Hox target genes. Two impediments to understanding the role of Hox genes in morphological evolution have been the limited number of organisms in which Hox gene function can be studied and the paucity of known Hox-regulated target genes. We have therefore analyzed a butterfly homeotic mutant 'Hindsight', in which portions of the ventral hindwing pattern are transformed to ventral forewing identity, and we have compared the regulation of target genes by the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) gene product in Lepidopteran and Dipteran hindwings. RESULTS: . We show that Ubx gene expression is lost from patches of cells in developing Hindsight hindwings, correlating with changes in wing pigmentation, color pattern elements, and scale morphology. We use this mutant to study how regulation of target genes by Ubx protein differs between species. We find that several Ubx-regulated genes in the Drosophila haltere are not repressed by Ubx in butterfly hindwings, but that Distal-less (Dll) expression is regulated by Ubx in a unique manner in butterflies. CONCLUSIONS: . The morphological diversification of insect hindwings has involved the acquisition of different sets of target genes by Ubx in different lineages. Changes in Hox-regulated target gene sets are, in general, likely to underlie the morphological divergence of homologous structures between animals.  (+info)

Association of snRNA genes with coiled bodies is mediated by nascent snRNA transcripts. (3/18351)

BACKGROUND: Coiled bodies are nuclear organelles that are highly enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and certain basal transcription factors. Surprisingly, coiled bodies not only contain mature U snRNPs but also associate with specific chromosomal loci, including gene clusters that encode U snRNAs and histone messenger RNAs. The mechanism(s) by which coiled bodies associate with these genes is completely unknown. RESULTS: Using stable cell lines, we show that artificial tandem arrays of human U1 and U2 snRNA genes colocalize with coiled bodies and that the frequency of the colocalization depends directly on the transcriptional activity of the array. Association of the genes with coiled bodies was abolished when the artificial U2 arrays contained promoter mutations that prevent transcription or when RNA polymerase II transcription was globally inhibited by alpha-amanitin. Remarkably, the association was also abolished when the U2 snRNA coding regions were replaced by heterologous sequences. CONCLUSIONS: The requirement for the U2 snRNA coding region indicates that association of snRNA genes with coiled bodies is mediated by the nascent U2 RNA itself, not by DNA or DNA-bound proteins. Our data provide the first evidence that association of genes with a nuclear organelle can be directed by an RNA and suggest an autogenous feedback regulation model.  (+info)

Deletion analysis of the Drosophila Inscuteable protein reveals domains for cortical localization and asymmetric localization. (4/18351)

The Drosophila Inscuteable protein acts as a key regulator of asymmetric cell division during the development of the nervous system [1] [2]. In neuroblasts, Inscuteable localizes into an apical cortical crescent during late interphase and most of mitosis. During mitosis, Inscuteable is required for the correct apical-basal orientation of the mitotic spindle and for the asymmetric segregation of the proteins Numb [3] [4] [5], Prospero [5] [6] [7] and Miranda [8] [9] into the basal daughter cell. When Inscuteable is ectopically expressed in epidermal cells, which normally orient their mitotic spindle parallel to the embryo surface, these cells reorient their mitotic spindle and divide perpendicularly to the surface [1]. Like the Inscuteable protein, the inscuteable RNA is asymmetrically localized [10]. We show here that inscuteable RNA localization is not required for Inscuteable protein localization. We found that a central 364 amino acid domain - the Inscuteable asymmetry domain - was necessary and sufficient for Inscuteable localization and function. Within this domain, a separate 100 amino acid region was required for asymmetric localization along the cortex, whereas a 158 amino acid region directed localization to the cell cortex. The same 158 amino acid fragment could localize asymmetrically when coexpressed with the full-length protein, however, and could bind to Inscuteable in vitro, suggesting that this domain may be involved in the self-association of Inscuteable in vivo.  (+info)

The role of RBF in the introduction of G1 regulation during Drosophila embryogenesis. (5/18351)

The first appearance of G1 during Drosophila embryogenesis, at cell cycle 17, is accompanied by the down-regulation of E2F-dependent transcription. Mutant alleles of rbf were generated and analyzed to determine the role of RBF in this process. Embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic RBF products show constitutive expression of PCNA and RNR2, two E2F-regulated genes, indicating that RBF is required for their transcriptional repression. Despite the ubiquitous expression of E2F target genes, most epidermal cells enter G1 normally. Rather than pausing in G1 until the appropriate time for cell cycle progression, many of these cells enter an ectopic S-phase. These results indicate that the repression of E2F target genes by RBF is necessary for the maintenance but not the initiation of a G1 phase. The phenotype of RBF-deficient embryos suggests that rbf has a function that is complementary to the roles of dacapo and fizzy-related in the introduction of G1 during Drosophila embryogenesis.  (+info)

JunB is essential for mammalian placentation. (6/18351)

Lack of JunB, an immediate early gene product and member of the AP-1 transcription factor family causes embryonic lethality between E8.5 and E10.0. Although mutant embryos are severely retarded in growth and development, cellular proliferation is apparently not impaired. Retardation and embryonic death are caused by the inability of JunB-deficient embryos to establish proper vascular interactions with the maternal circulation due to multiple defects in extra-embryonic tissues. The onset of the phenotypic defects correlates well with high expression of junB in wild-type extra-embryonic tissues. In trophoblasts, the lack of JunB causes a deregulation of proliferin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) gene expression, resulting in a defective neovascularization of the decidua. As a result of downregulation of the VEGF-receptor 1 (flt-1), blood vessels in the yolk sac mesoderm appeared dilated. Mutant embryos which escape these initial defects finally die from a non-vascularized placental labyrinth. Injection of junB-/- embryonic stem (ES) cells into tetraploid wild-type blastocysts resulted in a partial rescue, in which the ES cell-derived fetuses were no longer growth retarded and displayed a normal placental labyrinth. Therefore, JunB appears to be involved in multiple signaling pathways regulating genes involved in the establishment of a proper feto-maternal circulatory system.  (+info)

Loss-of-function mutations in the rice homeobox gene OSH15 affect the architecture of internodes resulting in dwarf plants. (7/18351)

The rice homeobox gene OSH15 (Oryza sativa homeobox) is a member of the knotted1-type homeobox gene family. We report here on the identification and characterization of a loss-of-function mutation in OSH15 from a library of retrotransposon-tagged lines of rice. Based on the phenotype and map position, we have identified three independent deletion alleles of the locus among conventional morphological mutants. All of these recessive mutations, which are considered to be null alleles, exhibit defects in internode elongation. Introduction of a 14 kbp genomic DNA fragment that includes all exons, introns and 5'- and 3'- flanking sequences of OSH15 complemented the defects in internode elongation, confirming that they were caused by the loss-of-function of OSH15. Internodes of the mutants had abnormal-shaped epidermal and hypodermal cells and showed an unusual arrangement of small vascular bundles. These mutations demonstrate a role for OSH15 in the development of rice internodes. This is the first evidence that the knotted1-type homeobox genes have roles other than shoot apical meristem formation and/or maintenance in plant development.  (+info)

The mouse Aire gene: comparative genomic sequencing, gene organization, and expression. (8/18351)

Mutations in the human AIRE gene (hAIRE) result in the development of an autoimmune disease named APECED (autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy; OMIM 240300). Previously, we have cloned hAIRE and shown that it codes for a putative transcription-associated factor. Here we report the cloning and characterization of Aire, the murine ortholog of hAIRE. Comparative genomic sequencing revealed that the structure of the AIRE gene is highly conserved between human and mouse. The conceptual proteins share 73% homology and feature the same typical functional domains in both species. RT-PCR analysis detected three splice variant isoforms in various mouse tissues, and interestingly one isoform was conserved in human, suggesting potential biological relevance of this product. In situ hybridization on mouse and human histological sections showed that AIRE expression pattern was mainly restricted to a few cells in the thymus, calling for a tissue-specific function of the gene product.  (+info)

Visual search of neuropil-enriched RNAs from brain in situ hybridization data through the image analysis pipeline hippo-ATESC.Visual search of neuropil-enriched RNAs from brain in situ hybridization data through the image analysis pipeline hippo-ATESC.
Abstract MOTIVATION: RNA molecules specifically enriched in the neuropil of neuronal cells and in particular in dendritic spines are of great interest for neurobiology in virtue of their involvement in synaptic structure and plasticity. The systematic recognition of such molecules is therefore a very important task. High resolution images of RNA in situ hybridization experiments contained in the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) represent a very rich resource to identify them and have been so far exploited for this task through human-expert analysis. However, software tools that may automatically address the same objective are not very well developed. RESULTS: In this study we describe an automatic method for exploring in situ hybridization data and discover neuropil-enriched RNAs in the mouse hippocampus. We called it Hippo-ATESC (Automatic Texture Extraction from the Hippocampal region using Soft Computing). Bioinformatic validation showed that the Hippo-ATESC is very efficient in the recognition of ...
iRepository at Perpustakaan UniMAP: Nanogap biosensor development for DNA immobilization and hybridization detectioniRepository at Perpustakaan UniMAP: Nanogap biosensor development for DNA immobilization and hybridization detection
In the past two decades, the biological and medical fields have seen great advances in the development of biosensors and biochips capable of characterizing and quantifying biomolecules. To understand the important relationship between the biosensor and nano structure we introduce this proposal to fabricate and characterize the nanogap using size reduction technique for ss-DNA immobilization and hybridization detection . In this review, 2 masks designs are proposed. The first mask is the lateral nanogap with gold electrode and the second mask is for pad gold electrode pattern. Lateral nanogap is introduced in the fabrication process using silicon for nanogap and gold for electrode. Conventional photolithography and E- Beam lithography techniques are used to fabricate this nanogap (NG) based on the standard CMOS technology and the characterization of its conductivity together with its effect during sensing is investigated in this research ...
Bright-field In Situ Hybridization for HER2 Gene Amplification in Breast Cancer Using Tissue Microarrays Correlation Between...Bright-field In Situ Hybridization for HER2 Gene Amplification in Breast Cancer Using Tissue Microarrays Correlation Between...
Introduction: HER2 gene amplification or overexpression occurs in 15% to 25% of breast cancers and has implications for treatment and prognosis. The most commonly used methods for HER2 testing are fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry. FISH is considered to be the reference standard and more accurately predicts response to trastuzumab, but is technically demanding, expensive, and requires specialized equipment. In situ hybridization is required to be eligible for adjuvant treatment with trastuzumab in Australia. Bright-field in situ hybridization is an alternative to FISH and uses a combination of in situ methodology and a peroxidase-mediated chromogenic substrate such as diaminobenzidine [chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH)] or multimer technology coupled with enzyme metallography [silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH)] to create a marker visible under bright-field microscopy. CISH was introduced into diagnostic testing in Australia in October 2006. SISH ...
A non-radioactive in situ hybridization method for the localization of specific RNAs in Drosophila embryos reveals...A non-radioactive in situ hybridization method for the localization of specific RNAs in Drosophila embryos reveals...
We have developed a non-radioactive in situ hybridization technique for the localization of RNA in whole mount Drosophila embryos. After fixation, whole embryos are hybridized in situ with a DNA probe which has been labeled with digoxygenin. The hybridization products are detected by using a phospha …
Small RNA Detection by in Situ Hybridization Methods - pdf descargarSmall RNA Detection by in Situ Hybridization Methods - pdf descargar
Small RNA Detection by in Situ Hybridization Methods. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
A double labeling technique for performing immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization in virus infected cell cultures and...A double labeling technique for performing immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization in virus infected cell cultures and...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A double labeling technique for performing immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization in virus infected cell cultures and tissues. AU - Gendelman, Howard E.. AU - Moench, Thomas R.. AU - Narayan, Opendra. AU - Griffin, Diane E.. AU - Clements, Janice E.. PY - 1985/1/1. Y1 - 1985/1/1. N2 - This report describes a combined immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization procedure which allows visualization of cellular or viral antigens and viral RNA in the same cell. Cultures infected with visna or measles virus were fixed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde, stained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique using antibodies to viral or cellular proteins and then incubated with radiolabeled specific DNA probes (in situ hybridization). The immunoperoxidase stain was preserved through the hybridization procedure. Nonspecific sticking of probes over peroxidase stained cells was prevented by incorporation of 0.1% Triton X-100 into the hybridization solution and the ...
Multiparametric in situ mRNA hybridization analysis to predict disease recurrence in patients with colon carcinomaMultiparametric in situ mRNA hybridization analysis to predict disease recurrence in patients with colon carcinoma
We examined the expression level of several genes that regulate different steps of metastasis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival specimens of primary human colon carcinomas from patients with at least 5 years of follow-up. The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, basic fibrobla …
In Situ Hybridization - Application Of The Probe For Dna Or Rna To Tissues Or Cells - Chromosome, Location, and Detect -...In Situ Hybridization - Application Of The Probe For Dna Or Rna To Tissues Or Cells - Chromosome, Location, and Detect -...
In situ hybridization allows us to learn more about the geographical location of, for example, the messenger RNA (mRNA) in a cell or tissue. It can also tell us where a gene is located on a chromosome. Obviously, a detection system must be built into the technique to allow the cytochemist to visualize and map the geography of these molecules in the cells in question.. When in situ hybridization was first introduced, it was applied to isolated cell nuclei to detect specific DNA sequences. Early users applied the techniques to isolated chromosomal preparations in order to map the location of genes in those chromosomes. The technique has also been used to detect viral DNA in an infected cell. In situ hybridization of RNA has also been used to show that RNA synthesis (transcription) occurs in the nucleus, while protein synthesis (translation) occurs in the cytoplasm.. ...
Seminar University Hospital Bonn, Germany | In Situ Hybridization, RNA-ISH | ACDBioSeminar University Hospital Bonn, Germany | In Situ Hybridization, RNA-ISH | ACDBio
Visualize Gene Expression & Genetic Variations in Tissues:. Applications of RNAscope® and BaseScopeTM ISH technology. The nervous system consists of numerous specialized cell types that remain to fully cataloged and characterized at the molecular level. Due to the high degree of structural and functional heterogeneity and the intricate spatial organization of these cells, it is of special importance to analyze gene expression in the presence of full morphological and spatial contexts. Due to the lack of specific antibody reagents, especially for lncRNAs, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and ion channels, mapping of specific transcripts by in situ hybridization offers an excellent alternative approach. The RNAscope® assay provides a powerful method to detect gene expression within the spatial and morphological tissue context. BaseScopeTM is a novel in situ hybridization technology that allows visualization of splice junctions between adjacent exons and/or retained introns in highly specific ...
Development and clinical application of an innovative fluorescence in situ hybridization technique which detects submicroscopic...Development and clinical application of an innovative fluorescence in situ hybridization technique which detects submicroscopic...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
oligo in situ hybridizationsoligo in situ hybridizations
I am trying to set up doing in situ hybridization on paraformaldehyde fixed sections from mouse embryos using a 24mer oligonucleotide. I would appreciate tips on the best way to do this: end labelling or A-tailing. 3H or 35S as label. Also the best way to work out hybridization and washing conditions. All recipes gratefully received. Kathy Cheah HRMBDKC at HKUCC.BITNET ...
A question about in situ hybridizationA question about in situ hybridization
I need some help. I am trying to do in situ hybridization on parrafin embedded sections with a viral RNA target. I have used cRNA probes 300 900 + 1400 bas and oligo probes. These probes work fine in other systems but connot get a positive signal in the above system. Has anyone else experienced this problem and what did you do? Any suggestions would be welcome. Please respond by email. Thanks, Mary Downes Ottawa, Canada ...
InSitu Hybridization For MRNA Localization - WriteWorkInSitu Hybridization For MRNA Localization - WriteWork
In Situ Hybridization for mRNA Localization Purpose: In Situ hybridization for mRNA localization is used to identify the position of target mRNA in the cell or tissues being examined(Smith, 2001).Methods: In order for in situ hybridization for localiza...
調査レポート | Ｉn situハイブリダイゼーション（ISH）の世界市場予測（～2021）：技術別（FISH、CISH）、用途別、需要先別 | MarketsandMarkets調査レポート | Ｉn situハイブリダイゼーション（ISH）の世界市場予測（～2021）：技術別（FISH、CISH）、用途別、需要先別 | MarketsandMarkets
The global in situ hybridization market is segmented on the basis of technique, application, and end user. By technique, the market is categorized into fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). The FISH segment is expected to command the largest share of the global market, by technique in 2016. This segment is also projected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period (2016-2021). This can be attributed to factors such as like high resolution of this technique, rising adoption in research activities & laboratories to diagnose cancer, chromosomal abnormalities, and infectious diseases, among others.. By application, the in situ hybridization market is categorized into cancer diagnosis, cytology, neuroscience, immunology, and infectious diseases. The cancer diagnosis segment is expected to command the largest share of the global market, by application in 2016. This segment is also projected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast ...
Expression of Raldh1. In situ hybridisation was perform | Open-iExpression of Raldh1. In situ hybridisation was perform | Open-i
Expression of Raldh1. In situ hybridisation was performed on wholemount embryos with DIG- or fluorescein-labelled riboprobes. Unless otherwise stated, rostral i
RNA & DNA | In Situ Hybridization, RNA-ISH | ACDBioRNA & DNA | In Situ Hybridization, RNA-ISH | ACDBio
ACD congratulates the team of scientists, led by Jacob D. Estes on their publication Defining HIV and SIV Reservoirs in Lymphoid Tissues DOI 10.20411/pai.v1i1.100.. The authors aimed to track and discriminate HIV-1/SIV viral reservoirs within tissue compartments and thus applied a specific and sensitive next-generation in situ hybridization approach. The authors demonstrated:. 1) that an optimized next-generation ISH platform RNAscope Assay for the rapid detection of vRNA (with results obtained within 1 day) has sufficient sensitivity to reliably detect single virions in B cell follicles (BCF) in FFPE tissue sections,. 2) that an approach for the detection of vDNA in situ (referred to as DNAscope) reliably and readily detects vDNA+ cells, and. 3) that they have developed an in situ method to simultaneously visualize vRNA and vDNA in the same tissue section and thereby identify transcriptionally latent infections (vDNA+/vRNA- cells) in lymphoid tissues.. The team of researchers then applied ...
Re: workshopsRe: workshops
BioGenex will be holding a few workshops next year. These will deal with immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization detection and will be presented as hands-on wet labs interspersed with lectures. The target audience is beginners who want to bring IHC and ISH to their labs ...
Global In Situ Hybridization (ISH) Market 2020-2024 | Evolving Opportunities with Abbott Laboratories and Agilent Technologies...Global In Situ Hybridization (ISH) Market 2020-2024 | Evolving Opportunities with Abbott Laboratories and Agilent Technologies...
The in situ hybridization (ISH) market is poised to grow by USD 346.61 million during 2020-2024, progressing at a CAGR of about 7%.
原位雜交技術(In Situ Hybridization, ISH) @ 基因叔叔：科普、期刊導讀(Uncle Gene) :: 痞客邦原位雜交技術(In Situ Hybridization, ISH) @ 基因叔叔：科普、期刊導讀(Uncle Gene) :: 痞客邦
原位雜交技術(In Situ Hybridization, ISH)是結合分子生物學、細胞學以及組織化學的一門新興技術。此技術始於1969年，耶魯大學的Gall等人首先將爪蟾核醣體基因探針與其母卵細胞
Histonet] In Situ Hybridization Blue Background problemHistonet] In Situ Hybridization Blue Background problem
I have an In Situ Hybridization question for you guys and gals. Im currently performing In Situ HPV and EBV tests using an automated machine called the XT by Ventana. The tissue is parrifin embedded, cut at 4 microns and place on charged slides. NBT/ BCIP is used as our chromogen. I am beginning to notice some background staining that varies in intensity. When it occurs on our QC slide, it can be strong enough to fail a run. The background resembles a blue haze that can cover the tissue making interpretation difficult. At other times the blue haze surrounds the tissue rather than covering it which makes me believe that there could be some sort of hydrophobic or other chemical rxn taking place to shield the tissue. Im not certain if these two problems are related, but both occur completely random and always vary in intensity. If I can find the culprit of this problem it would lead to cleaner slides and more conclusive resulting. If anybody can help it would be much appreciated. Thanks P.S. ...
In situ hybridizationIn situ hybridization
... (ISH) is a type of hybridization that uses a labeled complementary DNA or RNA strand (i.e., probe) to localize a
In Situ Hybridization Workflow | Vector LabsIn Situ Hybridization Workflow | Vector Labs
Our detection reagents are ideal for in situ hybridization (ISH) applications due to their high affinity, and high sensitivity. Click here to learn more.
Fluorescence in situ Hybridization(荧光原位杂交)Fluorescence in situ Hybridization(荧光原位杂交)
简介荧光原位杂交（fluorescence in situ hybridization，FISH）是在20世纪80年代末在放射性原位杂交技术的基础上发展起来的一种非放射性分子细胞遗传技术，以荧光标记取代同位素标记而形成的一种新的原位杂交方法。探针首先与某种介导分子（reporter molecule）结合，杂交后再通过免疫细胞化学过程连接上荧光染料。FISH的基本原理是将DNA（或RNA）探针用特
Characterization of the transporterB0AT3 (Slc6a17) in the rodent central nervous system | BMC Neuroscience | Full TextCharacterization of the transporterB0AT3 (Slc6a17) in the rodent central nervous system | BMC Neuroscience | Full Text
In this study we used quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) in a large panel of adult rat brain and peripheral tissues (Figure 1), to further refine the expression profile of the Slc6a17 gene. The highest expression levels of Slc6a17 mRNA were found in hindbrain, various brain cross sections, cerebellum, spinal cord, brain stem and hypothalamus, while very low or no expression was seen in the peripheral tissues with the exception of epididymis. Consequently, the Slc6a17 transporter is highly and selectively expressed in the CNS of adult rat.. Abundant mRNA expression of Slc6a17 in adult and embryonic rat CNS has previously been shown using in situ hybridization. Consistent results indicated restricted expression exclusively in neurons, both glutamatergic and subsets of GABAergic [4, 9, 15-17]. Our results from in situ hybridization (Figure 3) shows that the mouse Slc6a17 gene has similar expression pattern as previously seen in rat, with high expression in mouse forebrain and midbrain and lower expression ...
Creative Bioarray Histology Service: The Most Comprehensive Service to Accelerate the Achievement in Clinical and Basic...Creative Bioarray Histology Service: The Most Comprehensive Service to Accelerate the Achievement in Clinical and Basic...
Creative Bioarray provides functions for tissue processing, embedding, slicing and staining. In addition to providing histological examinations of all major organs/tissues, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), in situ hybridization (ISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and transmission electron microscopy. Since the preparation of tissue samples is a time-consuming process, Creative Bioarray has prepared a tissue biobank to save time and significantly reduce costs. In addition, Creative Bioarray accepts fresh tissues, cells, paraffin-embedded tissues, unstained glass slides and any other types of tissues/samples. Furthermore, specific testing methods can be selected according to customer requirements.. With experienced and professional scientists, Creative Bioarray provides a complete customized on-site hybridization (ISH) service, covering every step required for ISH, including probe design, tissue procurement, and gene expression research. It also provides ...
Whole-mount in situ hybridization (Conlon lab) - XenbaseWhole-mount in situ hybridization (Conlon lab) - Xenbase
AP Buffer 1 M Tris pH 9.5 100 mM 5 ml 1 M MgCl2 50 mM 2.5 ml 0.5 M NaCl 100 mM 10 ml Tween 20 0.1% 50 μl Levamisol 5 mM 60 mg ddH2O to 50 ml - 5 min @ RT in AP Buffer Staining: - Add 1-2 ml BM Purple AP Substrate (Roche 1442074) - KEEP IN THE DARK UNTIL BLEACHING STEP BELOW TO AVOID BACKGROUND STAINING!! - Let stain anywhere from 1 to 8 hours until stain is at desired level - Rinse with PBS - 5 min @ RT in PBS - 5 min @ RT in PBS - 5 min @ RT in PBS - 1hr @ RT in MEMFA - 1 hr in MeOH (can be stored @ 4°C here) ...
In Situ Hybridization - Kits : Heat Pretreatment Solution CitricIn Situ Hybridization - Kits : Heat Pretreatment Solution Citric
Distributor of Immunohistochemistry IHC antibodies, Flow Cytometry, Molecular Biology, Staining Kits, Reagents, Detection Systems Ancillary reagents
In Situ Hybridization - Equipment : DAPI/ZyGreen™/ZyOrange™ Triple Bandpass Filter SetIn Situ Hybridization - Equipment : DAPI/ZyGreen™/ZyOrange™ Triple Bandpass Filter Set
Distributor of Immunohistochemistry IHC antibodies, Flow Cytometry, Molecular Biology, Staining Kits, Reagents, Detection Systems Ancillary reagents
About the Cover - May 01, 2008, 36 (5) | Drug Metabolism & DispositionAbout the Cover - May 01, 2008, 36 (5) | Drug Metabolism & Disposition
About the cover: Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis to determine the chromosomal location of the CYP2C18/19 transgene. See article by Löfgren et al. on page 955 of this issue. ...
Gene Expression Literature DetailGene Expression Literature Detail
J:92177 Powles N, Babbs C, Ficker M, Schimmang T, Maconochie M, Identification and analysis of genes from the mouse otic vesicle and their association with developmental subprocesses through in situ hybridization. Dev Biol. 2004 Apr 1;268(1):24-38 ...
Additional developmental defects resulting from amphime | Open-iAdditional developmental defects resulting from amphime | Open-i
Additional developmental defects resulting from amphimedine treatment. In situ hybridization was performed on control (A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O, Q) and treated (B
FGFR1 amplification in breast carcinomas: a chromogenic in situ hybridisation analysis | Breast Cancer Research | Full TextFGFR1 amplification in breast carcinomas: a chromogenic in situ hybridisation analysis | Breast Cancer Research | Full Text
The amplicon on 8p11.2 is reported to be found in up to 10% of breast carcinomas. It has been demonstrated recently that this amplicon has four separate cores. The second core encompasses important oncogene candidates, including the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene. Recent studies have demonstrated that specific FGFR1 amplification correlates with gene expression and that FGFR1 activity is required for the survival of a FGFR1 amplified breast cancer cell line. FGFR1 amplification was analysed in tissue microarrays comprising a cohort of 880 unselected breast tumours by means of chromogenic in situ hybridisation using inhouse-generated FGFR1-specific probes. Chromogenic in situ hybridisation signals were counted in a minimum 30 morphologically unequivocal neoplastic cells. Amplification was defined as |5 signals per nucleus in more than 50% of cancer cells or when large gene copy clusters were seen. FGFR1 amplification was observed in 8.7% of the tumours and was significantly more
Comparison of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization for Low and High Throughput HER2 Genetic...Comparison of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization for Low and High Throughput HER2 Genetic...
The purpose was to evaluate and compare 5 different HER2 genetic assays with different characteristics that could affect the performance to analyze the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) gene copy number under low and high throughput conditions. The study included 108 tissue samples from breast cancer patients with HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) results scored as 0/1+, 2+, and 3+. HER2 genetic status was analysed using chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Scoring results were documented through digital image analysis. The cancer region of interest was identified from a serial H&E stained slide following tissue cores were transferred to a tissue microarrays (TMA). When using TMA in a routine flow, all patients will be tested for HER2 status with IHC followed by CISH or FISH, thereby providing individual HER2 results. In conclusion, our results show that the differences between the HER2 genetic assays do not have an effect on the analytic ...
Massé K et al. (2010), Ectophosphodiesterase/nucleotide phosphohydrola... - PaperMassé K et al. (2010), Ectophosphodiesterase/nucleotide phosphohydrola... - Paper
Fig. 6. Spatial expression profile of enpp1, 4, 6 and 7 during development. Whole mount in situ hybridisation with DIG-labelled antisense RNA probes was performed on embryos from stages 5-41 for enpp1, 4, 6 and stages 32-45 for enpp7. All embryos were analysed from the same experimental set. The differences in colours result from clearing the embryos and photographing them against a white background to visualise staining. (A) Whole-mount in situ hybridisation analysis of enpp1 expression. Lateral view at stages 28 (i), 35/36 (ii) and 37/38 (iii). Detail of the fin at stage 41 (iv) and dorsal view of a stage 41 embryo (v). Anterior is right and dorsal is up, except in (v). da, dorsal aorta; dc, duct of cuvier; dlav, dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel; h, heart; pcv, posterior cardinal vein; ps, pronephric sinus; vbi, ventral blood island. (B) Whole-mount in situ hybridisation analysis of enpp4 expression. Animal view at stage 5 (i), anterior view at stage 22 (ii), lateral view at stages 32 ...
Can PAXgene Tissue fixed, paraffin-embedded (PFPE) tissue be used for in situ hybridization? - QIAGENCan PAXgene Tissue fixed, paraffin-embedded (PFPE) tissue be used for in situ hybridization? - QIAGEN
Yes, human tissue samples treated with the PAXgene Tissue System were successfully used for Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). However, specimens treated with the PAXgene Tissue System are more sensitive to enzyme digestion compared to formalin-fixed samples. Enzyme digestion and other pretreatment steps may need to be optimized. ...
What is the background of Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization? - lookformedical.comWhat is the background of Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization? - lookformedical.com
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), developed in 1980s, is a cytogenetic technique ... transcripts within tissue sections or whole mounts.
A new method of in situ hybridization - CSHL Scientific Digital RepositoryA new method of in situ hybridization - CSHL Scientific Digital Repository
A new method for gene mapping at the chromosome level using in situ hybridization and scanning electron microscopy is described and has been applied to mapping the rRNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster.. ...
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ProbesFluorescence In Situ Hybridization Probes
Order Gene Specific Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Probes that have been designed and optimized for the gene of your specific research.
Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH)Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH)
... uses fluorescent molecules to vividly paint genes or chromosomes. This technique is particularly useful for gene mapping and for identifying chromosomal abnormalities.
Development of a single-cell array for large-scale DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization - Lab on a Chip (RSC Publishing)Development of a single-cell array for large-scale DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization - Lab on a Chip (RSC Publishing)
DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful cytogenetic assay, but conventional sample-preparation methods for FISH do not support large-scale high-throughput data acquisition and analysis, which are potentially useful for several biomedical applications. To address this limitation, we have d
Comparison of formaldehyde-preperfused frozen and freshly frozen tissue preparation for the in situ hybridization for alpha...Comparison of formaldehyde-preperfused frozen and freshly frozen tissue preparation for the in situ hybridization for alpha...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Comparison of formaldehyde-preperfused frozen and freshly frozen tissue preparation for the in situ hybridization for alpha-tubulin messenger RNA in the rat brain. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Imaging Systems Market Report, 2025Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Imaging Systems Market Report, 2025
The global FISH imaging systems market size was estimated at USD 704.5 million in 2016 and is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 8.1% over the forecast period. Growing prevalence of target diseases leads to clinical urgency for adoption of rapid diagnostic alternatives such as Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) imaging systems, which is anticipated to fuel demand in the coming years
Pitcairn E et al. (2017), Coordinating heart morphogenesis: A novel role ... - Xenbase PaperPitcairn E et al. (2017), Coordinating heart morphogenesis: A novel role ... - Xenbase Paper
Figure 1. HCN4 expression during embryogenesis (A) In situ hybridization analysis reveals HCN4 is expressed in the developing head and along the dorsal midline at the completion of neurulation embryos (NF stage 21 lateral and frontal views). At early tailbud stages, HCN4 expression is observed primarily in the craniofacial region, in 2 stripes along the neural tube, and in the developing somites. This expression pattern is maintained as development progresses (NF stage 25, lateral and anterior/ventral views). At NF stage 26, HCN4 mRNA begins to be expressed on the left side of the developing heart field (arrow; lateral and ventral views). Expression becomes bilateral beginning at NF stage 27/28 (arrows; lateral and ventral views) but remains more highly expressed on the left side of the body. Scale bars = 200μm. (B) As cardiogenesis progresses during tadpole stages (NF stages 29-39, lateral and ventral views, arrows denote heart), HCN4 expression is diffusely present in the developing ...
s ꒲ | [ g: in-situ n C u C [ [ V (ISH) ̐ E s \ 2021 N FFISH ECISH E f f E זE w E o Ȋw E Ɖu w Es ꒲ | [ g: in-situ n C u C [ [ V (ISH) ̐ E s \ 2021 N FFISH ECISH E f f E זE w E o Ȋw E Ɖu w E
The in situ hybridization market is projected to reach USD 739.9 million by 2021 from USD 557.1 million in 2016, at a CAGR of 5.8% in the next five years (2016 to 2021).". Increasing diagnosis and growing incidence & prevalence of cancer, technology advancements in therapeutics, increasing government initiatives globally are some factors expected to drive the growth of the global in situ hybridization market in the coming years.. In 2016, North America is expected to account for the largest share of the global in situ hybridization market, followed by Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Rest of the World (RoW). This can be attributed to growing clinical and research in cancer by biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, government initiatives, increasing prevalence and diagnosis of cancer in the U.S. and Canada, and increasing adoption of companion diagnostics. Increased adoption of companion diagnostics is attributed to the development and launch of newer therapeutic agents.. In the coming years, ...
mRNA | HCS-pharmamRNA | HCS-pharma
We describe a fluorescence in situ hybridization method that permits detection of the localization and abundance of single mRNAs (smFISH) in cleared whole-mount adult Drosophila brains. The approach is rapid and multiplexable and does not require molecular amplification; it allows facile quantification of mRNA expression with subcellular resolution on a standard confocal microscope. We further demonstrate single-mRNA detection across the entire brain using a custom Bessel beam structured illumination microscope (BB-SIM). ...
imagery | HCS-pharmaimagery | HCS-pharma
We describe a fluorescence in situ hybridization method that permits detection of the localization and abundance of single mRNAs (smFISH) in cleared whole-mount adult Drosophila brains. The approach is rapid and multiplexable and does not require molecular amplification; it allows facile quantification of mRNA expression with subcellular resolution on a standard confocal microscope. We further demonstrate single-mRNA detection across the entire brain using a custom Bessel beam structured illumination microscope (BB-SIM). ...
Hybridization BagsHybridization Bags
... are used for membrane incubation steps in southern, northern, and western blotting protocols for such applications as hybridizations and washes, antibody and conjugate incubations, substrate application, and film exposure. Hybridization bags are 8 X 10 inch, 4 mil thick, clear polyethylene bags. They are heat-sealable, resistant to temperatures up to at least 65 C, and do not curl when cut ...
ISH & FISH - Brightfield & Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Enumeration: Leica BiosystemsISH & FISH - Brightfield & Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Enumeration: Leica Biosystems
Aperio Image Analysis offers solutions for automated detection and counting of target signals, with options for brightfield and fluorescence.
ExpressHyb Hybridization SolutionExpressHyb Hybridization Solution
Hybridization solution for use with any nylon or nitrocellulose array. Reduces hybridization times while minimizing background & maintaining strong signal intensity.
ExpressHyb Hybridization SolutionExpressHyb Hybridization Solution
Hybridization solution for use with any nylon or nitrocellulose array. Reduces hybridization times while minimizing background & maintaining strong signal intensity.
блоттинг-гибридизация | blot hybridizationблоттинг-гибридизация | blot hybridization
(KudoZ) Russian to English translation of блоттинг-гибридизация: blot hybridization [Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-) (Medical)].
A Design of an Autonomous Molecule Loading-Transporting-Unloading System Using DNA Hybridization and Biomolecular Linear Motors...A Design of an Autonomous Molecule Loading-Transporting-Unloading System Using DNA Hybridization and Biomolecular Linear Motors...
A Design of an Autonomous Molecule Loading-Transporting-Unloading System Using DNA Hybridization and Biomolecular Linear Motors. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
JoVE Author Search: Amiry%7CMoghaddam MJoVE Author Search: Amiry%7CMoghaddam M
Mice, Animals, Brain, Cells, Central Nervous System, Concentration, Gene, Gene Expression, Hippocampus, Immunocytochemistry, In Situ Hybridization, Knockout Mice, Liver, Mouse, mRNA, Nervous System, Neurons, PCR, Populations, Rat
Decidualization and Expression: RESULTS(2)Decidualization and Expression: RESULTS(2)
Previously, we have shown by in situ hybridization that the expression of IGFBP-4, a potential IGF-I inhibitor, correlates to the expression pattern described
ZFIN All Figures, Thisse <i>et al....ZFIN All Figures, Thisse <i>et al....
The cDNA and in situ hybridizations for Fast Release clones (high throughput analysis) have not been double checked. Mistakes may occur. Please contact C and B Thisse if you detect anything wrong. PCR protocol available on the probe details page ...
ZFIN Figure: Thisse et al., 2004, Fig. 1ZFIN Figure: Thisse et al., 2004, Fig. 1
The cDNA and in situ hybridizations for Fast Release clones (high throughput analysis) have not been double checked. Mistakes may occur. Please contact C and B Thisse if you detect anything wrong. PCR protocol available on the probe details page ...

No data available that match "in situ hybridization"


AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
In Situ HybridizationIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceNucleic Acid HybridizationRNA, MessengerMolecular Sequence DataDNA ProbesBase SequenceRNA ProbesHybridization, GeneticImmunohistochemistryPolymerase Chain ReactionDigoxigeninCloning, MolecularGene ExpressionOligonucleotide ProbesChromosome AberrationsBlotting, NorthernChromosome MappingAmino Acid SequenceComparative Genomic HybridizationGene AmplificationKaryotypingDNA, ComplementaryGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalChromosome BandingTranslocation, GeneticCarcinoma in SituSequence Analysis, DNAPhylogenyBlotting, SouthernRNA, Ribosomal, 16SDNAAneuploidyReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionDNA, RibosomalTissue DistributionDNA, BacterialGene DosageOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisPrimed In Situ LabelingSequence Homology, Amino AcidTranscription, GeneticDNA PrimersDNA, ViralChromosomes, Human, Pair 1Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17Gene LibraryParaffin EmbeddingChromosomes, Human, Pair 7Nucleic Acid ProbesSpecies SpecificityGene Expression RegulationGene Expression ProfilingOrgan SpecificityRNACytogenetic AnalysisChromosome DeletionChromosomes, Human, Pair 11Peptide Nucleic AcidsSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidGenes, erbB-2Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12GenesChromosomes, Human, Pair 8Y ChromosomeBrainInterphaseChromosomes, HumanSensitivity and SpecificityAutoradiographyCytogeneticsEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentChromosome PaintingGene RearrangementMolecular Probe TechniquesChromosomes, Human, Pair 14Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18Rats, Sprague-DawleyPhenotypeChromosome DisordersSequence AlignmentChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialRNA, ViralImmunoenzyme TechniquesChromosomesTranscription FactorsRestriction MappingChromosomes, Human, Pair 3Tissue FixationChromosomes, Human, Pair 13RNA, BacterialMetaphaseCells, CulturedZebrafishDNA, NeoplasmTrisomyReceptor, erbB-2Antisense Elements (Genetics)Embryo, NonmammalianEmbryo, MammalianTime FactorsChromosomes, Human, Pair 9Genetic MarkersCentromereTestisPregnancyCell LineEpitheliumChromosomes, Human, Pair 22Chromogenic CompoundsX ChromosomeHybrid CellsDNA-Binding ProteinsCell NucleusBreast NeoplasmsMutationChick EmbryoCosmidsNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronsMultigene FamilyBacteriaPloidiesChromosome BreakageChromosomes, PlantRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidRNA, RibosomalTumor Markers, BiologicalHerpesvirus 4, HumanTumor Virus InfectionsPapillomaviridaeChromosomes, Human, Pair 20Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6DNA Restriction EnzymesGenes, rRNACell DifferentiationBiotinPolyploidyKidneyRNA, Ribosomal, 18SGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticCarrier ProteinsFormaldehydePlasmidsMice, Inbred C57BLMonosomyChromosomes, Artificial, YeastTissue Array AnalysisRNA, NeoplasmDNA, PlantDNA, SatelliteHomeodomain ProteinsChromosomes, Human, Pair 21Gene DeletionNervous SystemGenes, BacterialMembrane ProteinsSewageChromosomes, Human, Pair 5Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16BiopsyUp-RegulationTumor Cells, CulturedProteinsReproducibility of ResultsPhysical Chromosome MappingChromosomes, Human, Pair 4Abnormalities, MultipleChromosomes, Human, XDNA Probes, HPVTelomereLiverBase CompositionNeoplasm ProteinsFluorescent Antibody TechniqueRats, WistarZebrafish ProteinsBlotting, WesternChromosomes, Human, Pair 19Silver StainingFetusChromosomes, Human, Pair 2MesodermSpectral KaryotypingPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthHistocytochemistryGenomic LibraryAnimals, NewbornOligonucleotidesGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicMorphogenesisGenes, HomeoboxMosaicismOvaryStaining and LabelingOncogene Proteins, FusionPrognosisMice, Inbred StrainsSpermatozoaMicroscopy, Fluorescence
Combination of Adhesive-tape-based Sampling and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization for Rapid Detection of Salmonella on Fresh...Combination of Adhesive-tape-based Sampling and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization for Rapid Detection of Salmonella on Fresh...
Image Contest | In Situ Hybridization, RNA-ISH | ACDBioImage Contest | In Situ Hybridization, RNA-ISH | ACDBio
How It Works | In Situ Hybridization, RNA-ISH | ACDBioHow It Works | In Situ Hybridization, RNA-ISH | ACDBio
G-protein-coupled Receptors & Ion Channels | In Situ Hybridization, RNA-ISH | ACDBioG-protein-coupled Receptors & Ion Channels | In Situ Hybridization, RNA-ISH | ACDBio
Assignment of mitochondrial NAD<sup>+</sup>-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase β subunit gene (IDH3B) to human chromosome band...Assignment of mitochondrial NAD<sup>+</sup>-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase β subunit gene (IDH3B) to human chromosome band...
Potential targeted therapy found for newly identified leukemia subtype with poor outcome - St. Jude Childrens Research HospitalPotential targeted therapy found for newly identified leukemia subtype with poor outcome - St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Molecular cytogenetic detection of 9q34 breakpoints associated with nail patella syndromeMolecular cytogenetic detection of 9q34 breakpoints associated with nail patella syndrome
20q gain associates with immortalization: 20q13.2 amplification correlates with genome instability in human papillomavirus 16...20q gain associates with immortalization: 20q13.2 amplification correlates with genome instability in human papillomavirus 16...
grassy tillers1 promotes apical dominance in maize and responds to shade signals in the grasses | PNASgrassy tillers1 promotes apical dominance in maize and responds to shade signals in the grasses | PNAS
Peroxidase Polymer Detection (ImmPRESS), Goat Anti Rat IgG Kit x ratPeroxidase Polymer Detection (ImmPRESS), Goat Anti Rat IgG Kit x rat
EasyPrep Plus Vessels - Fiber Optic & Pressure - Standard Vessel Parts - EasyPrep Plus Vessels - Fiber Optic and Pressure -...EasyPrep Plus Vessels - Fiber Optic & Pressure - Standard Vessel Parts - EasyPrep Plus Vessels - Fiber Optic and Pressure -...
75 mL MARSXpress Vessels (PFA) - MARSXpress Vessels - MARS 6 Replacement Parts - MARS 6 - Analytical Products75 mL MARSXpress Vessels (PFA) - MARSXpress Vessels - MARS 6 Replacement Parts - MARS 6 - Analytical Products
Fmoc-Glu(Wang)-ODmab Resin (LL)Fmoc-Glu(Wang)-ODmab Resin (LL)
LiteratureLiterature
CEM CorporationCEM Corporation
iPrep 12 Vessels - Vessel Parts - iPrep 12 Vessels - iPrep Vessels - MARS 6 Replacement Parts - MARS 6 - Analytical ProductsiPrep 12 Vessels - Vessel Parts - iPrep 12 Vessels - iPrep Vessels - MARS 6 Replacement Parts - MARS 6 - Analytical Products
LiteratureLiterature
LiteratureLiterature
LiteratureLiterature
Blogs from IDT - News, insights, and front-line science reportingBlogs from IDT - News, insights, and front-line science reporting
CoolMate - Accessories - Discover - Synthesis ProductsCoolMate - Accessories - Discover - Synthesis Products
Liberty Blue BrochureLiberty Blue Brochure
1/8 to 1/8 PEEK Union1/8' to 1/8' PEEK Union
Subtelomere FISH analysis of 11 688 cases: an evaluation of the frequency and pattern of subtelomere rearrangements in...Subtelomere FISH analysis of 11 688 cases: an evaluation of the frequency and pattern of subtelomere rearrangements in...
Xenbase Clone: Summary for ventx2.1-HAR66 [species: Xenopus tropicalis] Xenbase Clone: Summary for ventx2.1-HAR66 [species: Xenopus tropicalis]
Xenbase Clone: Summary for spry2-723 [species: Xenopus laevis] Xenbase Clone: Summary for spry2-723 [species: Xenopus laevis]
Testing for ROS1 in non-small cell lung cancer: a review with recommendations - Kölner UniversitätsPublikationsServerTesting for ROS1 in non-small cell lung cancer: a review with recommendations - Kölner UniversitätsPublikationsServer
Tissue Resources Services | Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterTissue Resources Services | Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
CiteSeerX - Citation Query Feature selection based on mutual information criteria of max-dependency, max-relevance, and min...CiteSeerX - Citation Query Feature selection based on mutual information criteria of max-dependency, max-relevance, and min...
Personalis SHERPA, NEOPS | GenomeWebPersonalis SHERPA, NEOPS | GenomeWeb
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
In Situ HybridizationIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceNucleic Acid HybridizationRNA, MessengerMolecular Sequence DataDNA ProbesBase SequenceRNA ProbesHybridization, GeneticImmunohistochemistryPolymerase Chain ReactionDigoxigeninCloning, MolecularGene ExpressionOligonucleotide ProbesChromosome AberrationsBlotting, NorthernChromosome MappingAmino Acid SequenceComparative Genomic HybridizationGene AmplificationKaryotypingDNA, ComplementaryGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalChromosome BandingTranslocation, GeneticCarcinoma in SituSequence Analysis, DNAPhylogenyBlotting, SouthernRNA, Ribosomal, 16SDNAAneuploidyReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionDNA, RibosomalTissue DistributionDNA, BacterialGene DosageOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisPrimed In Situ LabelingSequence Homology, Amino AcidTranscription, GeneticDNA PrimersDNA, ViralChromosomes, Human, Pair 1Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17Gene LibraryParaffin EmbeddingChromosomes, Human, Pair 7Nucleic Acid ProbesSpecies SpecificityGene Expression RegulationGene Expression ProfilingOrgan SpecificityRNACytogenetic AnalysisChromosome DeletionChromosomes, Human, Pair 11Peptide Nucleic AcidsSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidGenes, erbB-2Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12GenesChromosomes, Human, Pair 8Y ChromosomeBrainInterphaseChromosomes, HumanSensitivity and SpecificityAutoradiographyCytogeneticsEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentChromosome PaintingGene RearrangementMolecular Probe TechniquesChromosomes, Human, Pair 14Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18Rats, Sprague-DawleyPhenotypeChromosome DisordersSequence AlignmentChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialRNA, ViralImmunoenzyme TechniquesChromosomesTranscription FactorsRestriction MappingChromosomes, Human, Pair 3Tissue FixationChromosomes, Human, Pair 13RNA, BacterialMetaphaseCells, CulturedZebrafishDNA, NeoplasmTrisomyReceptor, erbB-2Antisense Elements (Genetics)Embryo, NonmammalianEmbryo, MammalianTime FactorsChromosomes, Human, Pair 9Genetic MarkersCentromereTestisPregnancyCell LineEpitheliumChromosomes, Human, Pair 22Chromogenic CompoundsX ChromosomeHybrid CellsDNA-Binding ProteinsCell NucleusBreast NeoplasmsMutationChick EmbryoCosmidsNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronsMultigene FamilyBacteriaPloidiesChromosome BreakageChromosomes, PlantRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidRNA, RibosomalTumor Markers, BiologicalHerpesvirus 4, HumanTumor Virus InfectionsPapillomaviridaeChromosomes, Human, Pair 20Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6DNA Restriction EnzymesGenes, rRNACell DifferentiationBiotinPolyploidyKidneyRNA, Ribosomal, 18SGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticCarrier ProteinsFormaldehydePlasmidsMice, Inbred C57BLMonosomyChromosomes, Artificial, YeastTissue Array AnalysisRNA, NeoplasmDNA, PlantDNA, SatelliteHomeodomain ProteinsChromosomes, Human, Pair 21Gene DeletionNervous SystemGenes, BacterialMembrane ProteinsSewageChromosomes, Human, Pair 5Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16BiopsyUp-RegulationTumor Cells, CulturedProteinsReproducibility of ResultsPhysical Chromosome MappingChromosomes, Human, Pair 4Abnormalities, MultipleChromosomes, Human, XDNA Probes, HPVTelomereLiverBase CompositionNeoplasm ProteinsFluorescent Antibody TechniqueRats, WistarZebrafish ProteinsBlotting, WesternChromosomes, Human, Pair 19Silver StainingFetusChromosomes, Human, Pair 2MesodermSpectral KaryotypingPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthHistocytochemistryGenomic LibraryAnimals, NewbornOligonucleotidesGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicMorphogenesisGenes, HomeoboxMosaicismOvaryStaining and LabelingOncogene Proteins, FusionPrognosisMice, Inbred StrainsSpermatozoaMicroscopy, Fluorescence
FluorescenceWhole mount in situ hybridizProbesImmunohistochemistryGlobal In Situ Hybridization MDetectionAssayFISHProbeLocalizationSequencesChromosomalEmbryosAssaysSeries of sequential hybridization stepsImmunohistochemicalHistochemistryGenomicDetectSensitivityDiagnosisAmplificationLocalizeMethodsFlow cytometryChromosomes2017SpecificityPost-hybridizationProtocolsPathologyTechniqueClinical2020-2024Tissue sectionsSpecific nucleic acid targetsWorkflowParaffin embeddedMethodGeneInterphase
Fluorescence57
Whole mount in situ hybridiz4
Probes21
Immunohistochemistry8
Global In Situ Hybridization M13
Detection18
Assay2
FISH6
Probe16
Localization8
Sequences8
Chromosomal2
Embryos4
Assays1
Series of sequential hybridization steps1
Immunohistochemical1
Histochemistry1
Genomic1
Detect1
  • While the techniques have significantly matured in the present-day scenario, the application of most in situ hybridization techniques was limited to a large extent owing to their inability to detect samples with low copies of DNA and RNA. (openpr.com)
Sensitivity2
Diagnosis3
Amplification3
Localize2
Methods2
Flow cytometry1
Chromosomes1
20174
Specificity1
Post-hybridization2
  • 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises a post-hybridization rinsing step consisting of three separate rinses, each having a duration of between 5 and 30 minutes. (google.com)
  • Spectral imaging was used for post hybridization tissue analysis, enabling separation of spatially colocalized signals. (broadinstitute.org)
Protocols3
Pathology1
  • The application of some of these novel techniques has helped significantly extend the scope of utility of in situ hybridization in the fields of research and diagnostic pathology owing to their capability of detecting targets with low copy numbers of nucleic acids in samples. (openpr.com)
Technique6
Clinical3
2020-20241
  • ELMHURST, Ill. - July 22, 2020 - PRLog -- The in situ hybridization (ISH) market is poised to grow by USD 346.61 million during 2020-2024, progressing at a CAGR of about 7% during the forecast period. (prlog.org)
Tissue sections1
Specific nucleic acid targets1
Workflow1
Paraffin embedded1
Method4
Gene1
  • (d) Gene-expression patterns that are distributed in a graded manner through the developmental stages become discrete in (e) the 'digital in situ ' representation. (biomedcentral.com)
Interphase1

No images available that match "in situ hybridization"