Immunologic memory. Medical search

The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus.

Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.

Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.

Remembrance of information for a few seconds to hours.

Any immunization following a primary immunization and involving exposure to the same or a closely related antigen.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Remembrance of information from 3 or more years previously.

Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.

Type of declarative memory, consisting of personal memory in contrast to general knowledge.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

The largest lymphatic vessel that passes through the chest and drains into the SUBCLAVIAN VEIN.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

Cells of the lymphoid series that can react with antigen to produce specific cell products called antibodies. Various cell subpopulations, often B-lymphocytes, can be defined, based on the different classes of immunoglobulins that they synthesize.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

A method to identify and enumerate cells that are synthesizing ANTIBODIES against ANTIGENS or HAPTENS conjugated to sheep RED BLOOD CELLS. The sheep red blood cells surrounding cells secreting antibody are lysed by added COMPLEMENT producing a clear zone of HEMOLYSIS. (From Illustrated Dictionary of Immunology, 3rd ed)

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Serum globulins that migrate to the gamma region (most positively charged) upon ELECTROPHORESIS. At one time, gamma-globulins came to be used as a synonym for immunoglobulins since most immunoglobulins are gamma globulins and conversely most gamma globulins are immunoglobulins. But since some immunoglobulins exhibit an alpha or beta electrophoretic mobility, that usage is in decline.

The process whereby a representation of past experience is elicited.

Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk.

A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

A type of H. influenzae isolated most frequently from biotype I. Prior to vaccine availability, it was a leading cause of childhood meningitis.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily found on most T-LYMPHOCYTES. Activation of the receptor by CD70 ANTIGEN results in the increased proliferation of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES and CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Schedule giving optimum times usually for primary and/or secondary immunization.

The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing antigenic polysaccharides from Haemophilus influenzae and designed to prevent infection. The vaccine can contain the polysaccharides alone or more frequently polysaccharides conjugated to carrier molecules. It is also seen as a combined vaccine with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine.

A classification of T-lymphocytes, especially into helper/inducer, suppressor/effector, and cytotoxic subsets, based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

Learning the correct route through a maze to obtain reinforcement. It is used for human or animal populations. (Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 6th ed)

Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

The persistence to perform a learned behavior (facts or experiences) after an interval has elapsed in which there has been no performance or practice of the behavior.

The knowledge or perception that someone or something present has been previously encountered.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

The activated center of a lymphoid follicle in secondary lymphoid tissue where B-LYMPHOCYTES are stimulated by antigens and helper T cells (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER) are stimulated to generate memory cells.

Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are transferred to non-immune recipients. When transfer of cells is used as a therapy for the treatment of neoplasms, it is called adoptive immunotherapy (IMMUNOTHERAPY, ADOPTIVE).

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of immune system, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electrical equipment.

Protection from an infectious disease agent that is mediated by B- and T- LYMPHOCYTES following exposure to specific antigen, and characterized by IMMUNOLOGIC MEMORY. It can result from either previous infection with that agent or vaccination (IMMUNITY, ACTIVE), or transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from an immune donor (IMMUNIZATION, PASSIVE).

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.

Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infections with STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.

The number of LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD.

The principle that items experienced together enter into a connection, so that one tends to reinstate the other.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

An increased reactivity to specific antigens mediated not by antibodies but by cells.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

Learning to respond verbally to a verbal stimulus cue.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The affective response to an actual current external danger which subsides with the elimination of the threatening condition.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection.

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

Reactions of an individual or groups of individuals with relation to the immediate surrounding area including the animate or inanimate objects within that area.

Specialized forms of antibody-producing B-LYMPHOCYTES. They synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin. They are found only in lymphoid organs and at sites of immune responses and normally do not circulate in the blood or lymph. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989, p169 & Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p20)

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

A response to a cue that is instrumental in avoiding a noxious experience.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

A general term referring to the learning of some particular response.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

Learning that takes place when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.

Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.

The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating.

The rostral part of the frontal lobe, bounded by the inferior precentral fissure in humans, which receives projection fibers from the MEDIODORSAL NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS. The prefrontal cortex receives afferent fibers from numerous structures of the DIENCEPHALON; MESENCEPHALON; and LIMBIC SYSTEM as well as cortical afferents of visual, auditory, and somatic origin.

Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.

Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.

Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the INFERIOR HORN OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE of the TEMPORAL LOBE. The amygdala is part of the limbic system.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for auditory, olfactory, and semantic processing. It is located inferior to the lateral fissure and anterior to the OCCIPITAL LOBE.

The active mental process of keeping out and ejecting, banishing from consciousness, ideas or impulses that are unacceptable to it.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.

Loss of the ability to recall information that had been previously encoded in memory prior to a specified or approximate point in time. This process may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organic forms may be associated with CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS; SEIZURES; DEMENTIA; and a wide variety of other conditions that impair cerebral function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-9)

The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.

A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy, usually induced by appropriate activation of the same synapses. The phenomenological properties of long-term potentiation suggest that it may be a cellular mechanism of learning and memory.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

Mental process to visually perceive a critical number of facts (the pattern), such as characters, shapes, displays, or designs.

Learning in which the subject must respond with one word or syllable when presented with another word or syllable.

The tendency to explore or investigate a novel environment. It is considered a motivation not clearly distinguishable from curiosity.

Prominent lobed neuropils found in ANNELIDA and all ARTHROPODS except crustaceans. They are thought to be involved in olfactory learning and memory.

The life of a person written by himself or herself. (Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed)

The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.

A set of cognitive functions that controls complex, goal-directed thought and behavior. Executive function involves multiple domains, such as CONCEPT FORMATION, goal management, cognitive flexibility, INHIBITION control, and WORKING MEMORY. Impaired executive function is seen in a range of disorders, e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; and ADHD.

An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively.

Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These disorders may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.

Those affective states which can be experienced and have arousing and motivational properties.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Loss of the ability to form new memories beyond a certain point in time. This condition may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organically induced anterograde amnesia may follow CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; SEIZURES; ANOXIA; and other conditions which adversely affect neural structures associated with memory formation (e.g., the HIPPOCAMPUS; FORNIX (BRAIN); MAMMILLARY BODIES; and ANTERIOR THALAMIC NUCLEI). (From Memory 1997 Jan-Mar;5(1-2):49-71)

An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like ATROPINE, but may have more central nervous system effects. Among the many uses are as an anesthetic premedication, in URINARY INCONTINENCE, in MOTION SICKNESS, as an antispasmodic, and as a mydriatic and cycloplegic.

A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)

The procedure of presenting the conditioned stimulus without REINFORCEMENT to an organism previously conditioned. It refers also to the diminution of a conditioned response resulting from this procedure.

Induction of a stress reaction in experimental subjects by means of an electrical shock; applies to either convulsive or non-convulsive states.

Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.

Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.

A meshlike structure composed of interconnecting nerve cells that are separated at the synaptic junction or joined to one another by cytoplasmic processes. In invertebrates, for example, the nerve net allows nerve impulses to spread over a wide area of the net because synapses can pass information in any direction.

A functional relationship between psychological phenomena of such nature that the presence of one tends to evoke the other; also, the process by which such a relationship is established.

The ability to detect scents or odors, such as the function of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS.

Lymph node germinal centers form in the absence of follicular dendritic cell networks. (1/5750)

Follicular dendritic cell networks are said to be pivotal to both the formation of germinal centers (GCs) and their functions in generating antigen-specific antibody affinity maturation and B cell memory. We report that lymphotoxin beta-deficient mice form GC cell clusters in the gross anatomical location expected of GCs, despite the complete absence of follicular dendritic cell networks. Furthermore, antigen-specific GC generation was at first relatively normal, but these GCs then rapidly regressed and GC-phase antibody affinity maturation was reduced. Lymphotoxin beta-deficient mice also showed substantial B cell memory in their mesenteric lymph nodes. This memory antibody response was of relatively low affinity for antigen at week 4 after challenge, but by week 10 after challenge was comparable to wild-type, indicating that affinity maturation had failed in the GC phase but developed later. (+info)

Selective recruitment of CCR4-bearing Th2 cells toward antigen-presenting cells by the CC chemokines thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and macrophage-derived chemokine. (2/5750)

Helper T cells are classified into Th1 and Th2 subsets based on their profiles of cytokine production. Th1 cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, whereas Th2 cells induce humoral responses. Selective recruitment of these two subsets depends on specific adhesion molecules and specific chemoattractants. Here, we demonstrate that the T cell-directed CC chemokine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) was abundantly produced by monocytes treated with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or IL-3, especially in the presence of IL-4 and by dendritic cells derived from monocytes cultured with GM-CSF + IL-4. The receptor for TARC and another macrophage/dendritic cell-derived CC chemokine macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) is CCR4, a G protein-coupled receptor. CCR4 was found to be expressed on approximately 20% of adult peripheral blood effector/memory CD4+ T cells. T cells attracted by TARC and MDC generated cell lines predominantly producing Th2-type cytokines, IL-4 and IL-5. Fractionated CCR4+ cells but not CCR4- cells also selectively gave rise to Th2-type cell lines. When naive CD4+ T cells from adult peripheral blood were polarized in vitro, Th2-type cells selectively expressed CCR4 and vigorously migrated toward TARC and MDC. Taken together, CCR4 is selectively expressed on Th2-type T cells and antigen-presenting cells may recruit Th2 cells expressing CCR4 by producing TARC and MDC in Th2-dominant conditions. (+info)

Cytotoxic T-cell responses in mice infected with influenza and vaccinia viruses vary in magnitude with H-2 genotype. (3/5750)

Secondary effector T-cell populations generated by cross-priming with heterologous influenza A viruses operate only in H-2K or H-2D compatible situations, when assayed on SV40-transformed target cells infected with a range of influenza A viruses. The H2-Kb allele is associated with a total failure in the generation of influenza-immune cytotoxic T cells, though this is not seen for the primary response to vaccinia virus. In both influenza and vaccinia development of effector T cells operating at H-2Db is greatly depressed in B10.A(2R) (kkkddb) and B10.A(4R) (kkbbbb), but not in B10 (bbbbbb), mice. However, there is no defect in viral antigen expression at either H-2Kk or H-2Db in B10.A(2R) target cells. This apparently reflects some inadequacy in the stimulator environment, as (A/J X B6) F1 T cells can be induced to respond at H-2Db when exposed to vaccinia virus in an irradiated B6 but not in a B10.A(4R) recipient. The present report, together with the accompanying paper by Zinkernagel and colleagues, records the first rigorous demonstration of both a nonresponder situation and a probable Ir-gene effect for conventional infectious viruses. Possible implications for the evolution of H-2 polymorphism and mechanisms of Ir gene function are discussed. (+info)

Core 2-containing O-glycans on CD43 are preferentially expressed in the memory subset of human CD4 T cells. (4/5750)

Human CD4 T cells can be divided into two functionally distinct subsets: a CD45RO+ memory subset and a CD45RA+ naive subset. In an attempt to identify novel cell surface molecules on these cells, we have developed a mAb, anti-1D4. The antigen defined by anti-1D4 was preferentially expressed on the memory subset of freshly isolated peripheral CD4 T cells and 1D4+ CD4 T cells functionally corresponded to memory T cells. Retrovirus-mediated expression cloning revealed that the 1 D4 antigen is human CD43. Transfection of CHO-leu cells, which stably express human CD43, with core 2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT) conferred expression of the 1D4 antigen and mRNA of C2GnT was detected by RT-PCR only in 1D4+ T cells but not in 1D4- T cells, implying that the 1 D4 antigen is composed of core 2-containing O-glycans on CD43. Reactivity with anti-1 D4 was completely abolished when cells were treated with neuraminidase, while them remained weak binding of anti-T305, a previously described mAb which also reacts with CD43 modified with core 2-containing O-glycans. Moreover, anti-1D4 markedly reacted with NIH-3T3 cells expressing human CD43 and low levels of endogenous C2GnT, whereas anti-T305 reacted slightly. These results indicate that the 1D4 antigen is distinct from the epitope defined by anti-T305 and anti-1D4 is a more sensitive probe to detect core 2-containing O-glycans than anti-T305. Taken together, our results indicate that core 2-containing O-glycans, whose expression can easily be detected with anti-1D4, are preferentially expressed in the CD45RO+ memory subset of CD4 T cells. (+info)

Enhanced cytotoxic T cell activity in IL-4-deficient mice. (5/5750)

CD8+ effectors are critical components of type 1 responses against viral infections as well as for antiviral vaccines. IL-4 plays a clear role as an inhibitor of CD4+ Th1 cells; however, its role in CD8+ T cell regulation appears to be more complex. Thus, IL-4 may augment CD8+ T cell growth, but also limit effector function. Moreover, abundant IL-4 is inhibitory for viral clearance, but the lack of IL-4 appears not to affect CTL-mediated immunity. This report investigates these disparate roles of IL-4 in CD8+ T lymphocyte regulation by comparing T cell responses specific for a single HIV-IIIIB gp120-derived epitope in BALB/c mice deficient in IL-4 to those in wild-type controls. CTL activation was monitored during the acute and memory phases following immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus. Similar frequencies of gp120-specific CTL precursors in splenocytes from both groups indicated that IL-4 plays no significant role in either CTL priming or the establishment of memory. However, cytolytic activity in cultures derived from IL-4-deficient mice developed earlier and was strikingly enhanced following in vitro restimulation, an effect exhibited by both primary and memory T cells. Secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells from IL-4-deficient mice was also elevated, reflecting their enhanced activation. Thus, IL-4 appears to limit the activation, expansion, and differentiation of CD8+ T cells with high cytolytic potential. (+info)

Linear differentiation of cytotoxic effectors into memory T lymphocytes. (6/5750)

A central question in immunology is the origin of long-lived T cell memory that confers protection against recurrent infection. The differentiation of naive T cell receptor transgenic CD8+ cells into effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and memory CD8+ cells was studied. Memory CD8+ cells that were generated after strong antigenic stimulation were the progeny of cytotoxic effectors and retained antigen-specific cytolytic activity 10 weeks after adoptive transfer to antigen-free recipient mice. Thus, potential vaccines based on CTL memory will require the differentiation of naive cells into post-effector memory T cells. (+info)

Functional differences between memory and naive CD8 T cells. (7/5750)

To determine how murine memory and naive T cells differ, we generated large numbers of long-lived memory CD8(+) T cells and compared them to naive cells expressing the same antigen-specific receptor (T cell receptor; TCR). Although both populations expressed similar levels of TCR and CD8, on antigen stimulation in vitro memory T cells down-regulated their TCR faster and more extensively and secreted IFN-gamma and IL-2 faster than naive T cells. Memory cells were also larger, and when freshly isolated from mice they contained perforin and killed target cells without having to be restimulated. They further differed from naive cells in requiring IL-15 for proliferation and in having a greater tendency to undergo apoptosis in vitro. On antigen stimulation in vivo, however, they proliferated more rapidly than naive cells. These findings suggest that, unlike naive T cells, CD8 memory T cells are intrinsically programmed to rapidly express their effector functions in vivo without having to undergo clonal expansion and differentiation. (+info)

Postthymic development of CD28-CD8+ T cell subset: age-associated expansion and shift from memory to naive phenotype. (8/5750)

During human aging, one of the major changes in the T cell repertoire is a dramatic expansion of T cells with the atypical CD28-CD8+ phenotype. In this study, we show that this increase is a consequence not only of an expansion in the CD28-CD8+ population but also of a decrease in the number of CD28+CD8+ T cells. The decrease in circulating CD28+CD8+ T cells is dramatically accelerated after the age of 50 and is not accompanied by an equivalent reduction in the CD28+CD8+ subset. Our findings confirm that aging leads to an accumulation of CD45RO+ T cells within the CD28+CD8+ subset as previously observed. Surprisingly, we found an increase in CD45RA+ expression with age in the CD28-CD8+ subset. Immune-phenotyping for activation markers, measurement of telomere DNA content, and cytokine production analysis indicate that the large majority of CD28-CD8+ T cells are Ag-experienced, despite their CD45RA+ phenotype. Our study further demonstrates that the poor proliferative response displayed by CD28-CD8+ T cells is not a consequence of telomere shortening. Also, analysis of cytokine production at the single cell level revealed that the proportions of IFN-gamma +, IL-4+, and IL-10+ T cells are considerably higher among the CD28-CD8+ than the CD28+CD8+ subset. In summary, these data explain the presence of CD45RA+ T cells in the elderly, shed light on the phylogenetic origin of CD28-CD8+ T cells, and suggest a role for these cells in the immune senescence process. (+info)

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms". Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 87: 34-39. doi:10.1016/j.bbi. ... Under declarative memory resides semantic and episodic memory. Semantic memory refers to memory that is encoded with specific ... recover memories Method of loci Mnemonic major system Photographic memory Politics of memory Prenatal memory Procedural memory ... memory that is shared, passed on, and constructed by a group Explicit memory False memory Immunological memory, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory

Non-specific immunity results in no immunologic memory. There are mechanical, chemical, and biological factors affecting the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonspecific_immune_cell

... is an immunologic adjuvant that uses squalene. It is Novartis' proprietary adjuvant that is added to influenza vaccines to ... help stimulate the human body's immune response through production of CD4 memory cells. MF59 is the first oil-in-water ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MF59

MacDonald, Noni E. (1998). "Induction of Immunologic Memory by Conjugated vs Plain Meningococcal C Polysaccharide Vaccine in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noni_MacDonald

... is a lack of immunity, or immunologic memory, to a disease because the person has not been vaccinated. There are ... West, D. J.; Calandra, G. B. (1996). "Vaccine induced immunologic memory for hepatitis B surface antigen: implications for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine-naive

... as it makes use of the additional time by upregulating the production of B and T cells needed for greater immunological memory ... "An immunologic adjuvant is defined as any substance that acts to accelerate, prolong, or enhance antigen-specific immune ... Sasaki S, Okuda K (2000). "The Use of Conventional Immunologic Adjuvants in DNA Vaccine Preparations". In Lowrie DB, Whalen RG ... Scholia has a profile for immunologic adjuvant (Q967453). Adjuvant therapy Animal research Vaxjo database (Webarchive template ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant

... the body does not have time to sufficiently develop immunological memory against the disease, and memory cells will not persist ... "Immunologic Reactions". National Academies Press (US). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) University of ... In these cases, a booster dose is required to "boost" the memory B and T cell count back up again. In the case of the polio ... After a primary response of the immune system against a vaccination, memory T helper cells and B cells persist at a fairly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booster_dose

... vaccine as T cells stimulate a more vigorous immune response and also promote a more rapid and long-lasting immunologic memory ... The B memory cells remember the antigen so that if the body encounters it later, antibodies can be produced by B cells to break ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_vaccine

During pregnancy, immunologic suppression occurs which induces tolerance to the presence of the fetus. Without this suppression ... Women in this phase experience low energy, poor memory, impaired concentration, carelessness, dry skin, cold intolerance, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_thyroiditis

They also require no immunologic memory, they are secreted and effective against outside chemical threats as soon as they are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_gopher_frog

Zicker, S.C.; Jewell, D.; Yamka, R.; Milgram, N. (2012). "Evaluation of cognitive learning, memory, psychomotor, immunologic, ... In addition to prevention of free radical damage, this higher level of vitamin E greatly increases the number of memory CD4+ ... as demonstrated by increases in memory and learning ability. Other benefits of n-3 and DHA include promotion of neurogenesis, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puppy_nutrition

"Immunologic Challenges to HIV Vaccine Design". 2007-10-05. (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata ... a primary goal is to determine how T cell memory is induced both in natural infection and by immunization. McElrath and her ... Their studies span a wide array of immunologic investigations in persons who experience unusual control of HIV-1 infection, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_McElrath

Through their role in the development of T cell immunologic memory, which depends upon the expansion of the number and function ... IL-2/IL2R also promotes the differentiation of T cells into effector T cells and into memory T cells when the initial T cells ... primarily on memory T cells and NK cells; and all three receptor chains form a complex that binds IL-2 with high affinity (Kd ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL-2_receptor

Through its role in the development of T cell immunologic memory, which depends upon the expansion of the number and function ... IL-2 also promotes the differentiation of T cells into effector T cells and into memory T cells when the initial T cell is also ... Dimeric IL-2R is expressed by memory CD8+ T cells and NK cells, whereas regulatory T cells and activated T cells express high ... IL-2/S4B6 immune complexes have high stimulatory activity for NK cells and memory CD8+ T cells and they could thus replace the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_2

Immunologic adjuvants are substances, administered in conjunction with a vaccine, that stimulate the immune system and increase ... which is added to influenza vaccines to help stimulate the human body's immune response through production of CD4 memory cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squalene

Contribution of thymus-derived cells and antibody-forming cell precursors to immunological memory". J Exp Med. 134 (1): 66-82. ... Miller J. F. (26 June 1964). "The thymus and the development of immunologic responsiveness". Science. 144 (3626): 1544-51. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Miller

... by skewing the immune response that memory Th cells coordinate when their memory recall is triggered upon secondary exposure to ... the epitope can be recognized by immunologic structures like T-cell receptors (TCRs). The molecular region which binds to the ... polarizes into either a memory Th cell or an effector Th cell of phenotype either type 1 (Th1), type 2 (Th2), type 17 (Th17), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_histocompatibility_complex

Part of them is kept in organism as memory cells and these cells could be a reason for "cross-reactivity" - immune response ... Sánchez-Fueyo A, Strom TB (2011), Immunologic basis of graft rejection and tolerance following transplantation of liver or ... IL-2 is crucial for memory CD8+ T cell development. These cells may represent a serious problem after the transplantation. As ... 84(10):1215-9 - according to Sánchez-Fueyo A, Strom TB (2011), Immunologic basis of graft rejection and tolerance following ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloimmunity

Like CD27, OX40 promotes the expansion of effector and memory T cells, however it is also noted for its ability to suppress the ... Immunologic Research. 29 (1-3): 197-208. doi:10.1385/ir:29:1-3:197. PMID 15181282. S2CID 22000344. "Pieris Pharmaceuticals to ... CD27 is also a memory marker of B cells. CD27's activity is governed by the transient availability of its ligand, CD70, on ... CD27: This molecule supports antigen-specific expansion of naïve T cells and is vital for the generation of T cell memory. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_checkpoint

July 1995). "CD50 (intercellular adhesion molecule-3) is expressed at higher levels on memory than on naive human T cells but ... 2008 Mini-Primer on Allergic and Immunologic Diseases. 121 (2 Suppl): S375-9, quiz S414. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.07.030. PMID ... New members and novel functions". Immunologic Research. 17 (3): 313-327. doi:10.1007/BF02786454. PMID 9638475. S2CID 19901365. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAM3

Immunologic Research. 31 (2): 151-9. doi:10.1385/ir:31:2:151. PMID 15778512. S2CID 21256040. Sui H, Fan ZZ, Li Q (April 2012 ... "ABCB1 transporter discriminates human resting naive B cells from cycling transitional and memory B cells". European Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-glycoprotein

... central memory, effector memory, and ultimately terminally differentiated effector T cell populations. CD8+ T cells ... Thus Cish represents a new class of T-cell intrinsic immunologic checkpoints with the potential to enhance adoptive ... Human T memory stem cells express a gene program that enables them to proliferate extensively and differentiate into other T ... "A human memory T cell subset with stem cell-like properties". Nature Medicine. 17 (10): 1290-7. doi:10.1038/nm.2446. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoptive_cell_transfer

Immunological memory can be in the form of either passive short-term memory or active long-term memory. The immune system is ... Rus H, Cudrici C, Niculescu F (2005). "The role of the complement system in innate immunity". Immunologic Research. 33 (2): 103 ... Long-term active memory is acquired following infection by activation of B and T cells. Active immunity can also be generated ... Gabrielli S, Ortolani C, Del Zotto G, Luchetti F, Canonico B, Buccella F, Artico M, Papa S, Zamai L (2016). "The Memories of NK ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system

These T cells are believed to be the main immunologic mechanism to fight malaria in liver. In 2014 Sanaria promoted an ... and are primarily situated in the liver because of the persistence of parasite antigens and retained as tissue memory cells. ... and immunologic associates of protection". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 200 (3): 337-46. doi:10.1086/600120. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PfSPZ_Vaccine

The Dawsons showed that NO derived from neuronal NO synthase and immunologic NO synthase leads to degeneration of dopamine ... learning and memory. Variants in Thorase were found to be linked to schizophrenia and expression of these variants in mice lead ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_M._Dawson

GG Brown; RC Preisman; MD Anderson; RK Nixon; JL Isbister & HA Price (1981). "Memory performance of chemical workers exposed to ... Epidemiologic and Immunologic Findings". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 320 (1): 284-294. Bibcode:1979NYASA.320.. ... Workers who were exposed to PBB during PBB production suffered hypothyroidism, although no deterioration in memory performance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybrominated_biphenyl

"CD4+ virtual memory: Antigen-inexperienced T cells reside in the naïve, regulatory, and memory T cell compartments at similar ... Immunologic tests). ... When the skin is again exposed to the antigen, the memory t- ... Lee YJ, Jameson SC, Hogquist KA (2011). "Alternative memory in the CD8 T cell lineage". Trends in Immunology. 32 (2): 50-56. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_test

Neuberger MS, Ehrenstein MR, Rada C, Sale J, Batista FD, Williams G, Milstein C (March 2000). "Memory in the B-cell compartment ... Rus H, Cudrici C, Niculescu F (2005). "The role of the complement system in innate immunity". Immunologic Research. 33 (2): 103 ... or memory B cells, which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. Soluble antibodies are released ... Immunologic Research. 36 (1-3): 27-32. doi:10.1385/IR:36:1:27. PMID 17337763. S2CID 27041937. Pier GB, Lyczak JB, Wetzler LM ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

BLIMP-1 allows the production of some longer lived effector memory cells but its absence allows for the generation of long term ... Immunologic Research. 63 (1-3): 113-120. doi:10.1007/s12026-015-8694-5. PMC 4651792. PMID 26376898. Turner, C. Alexander; Mack ... Except for naïve and memory B cells, all antibody secreting cells express BLIMP-1 regardless of their location and ... However, BLIMP-1 does not promote the production of long-lived effector memory cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRDM1

1996). "Immunologic NO synthase: elevation in severe AIDS dementia and induction by HIV-1 gp41". Science. 274 (5294): 1917-21. ... learning and memory. Genetic variants of Thorase were found in schizophrenic patients. Expression of these variants in mice ... They defined the role for NO generated from neuronal NO synthase or immunologic NO synthase leads in models of HIV dementia and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valina_L._Dawson

Gaslini in memory of their daughter Giannina. The Gaslini Institute is the largest children's hospital in northern Italy and ... for which he designed an innovative immunologic approach that eventually brought him to a very important recognition. Franco ... in the painful memory of her precocious maternal feeling, it arose and matured in my soul in the distant 1917, in the middle of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istituto_Giannina_Gaslini

Despite appropriate treatment about 10 to 20% of those affected develop joint pains, memory problems and tiredness for at least ... this is more common after infection by certain Borrelia strains in people with certain genetic and immunologic characteristics ... A neurologic syndrome called Lyme encephalopathy is associated with subtle memory and cognitive difficulties, insomnia, a ... The most common lingering nondisabling symptoms were headache, fatigue, altered sensation, joint pains, memory disturbances, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

... memory B cell - memory T cell - Mendelian inheritance - metabolic pathway - metabolism - metabotropic glutamate receptor - ... immunologic receptor - immunology - In vivo - infrared spectroscopy - inhibin - inhibitor - inhibitory gi G-protein - Inorganic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

Although the measles vaccine contains an attenuated strain, it does not deplete immune memory. The idea that the HPV vaccine is ... Vaccines pose a very small immunologic load compared to the pathogens naturally encountered by a child in a typical year; ... State Health Commissioner Howard Zucker stated that this was the worst outbreak of measles in his recent memory. In January ... The measles virus can deplete previously acquired immune memory by killing cells that make antibodies, and thus weakens the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy

Memory T cells may be depleted in VL patient PBMC. Since IL-10 is known to suppress innate and acquired immunity and prevent ... 1992). "Immunologic Markers of Clinical Evolution in Children Recently Infected with Leishmania donovani chagasi". J. Infect. ... A 2019 paper described designing an immunologic adjuvant which would make a VL vaccine more effective. James, William D.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visceral_leishmaniasis

The antigen cannot elicit the immune response without the help of an immunologic adjuvant. Similarly, the adjuvant component of ... which are intentionally administered to a recipient to induce the memory function of the adaptive immune system towards ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen

... (Memory Lymphocyte Immunostimulation Assay) is a blood test that detects type IV hypersensitivity to metals, chemicals, ... Immunologic tests, Allergology, Blood tests). ... Type-IV reactions are mediated by T-lymphocytes (or memory ... As memory cells are relatively rare this higher concentration of lymphocytes ensures improved sensitivity. MELISA was further ... The MELISA assay is a cell culture and requires live memory lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are isolated from a blood sample and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MELISA

... has been found to be associated with numerous pathological processes, including cancer, placental malaria, immunologic and ... learning and memory, as well as in pathological processes, such as arthritis, intracerebral hemorrhage, and metastasis. Most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMP9

Pranzatelli MR, Tate ED, Travelstead AL, Longee D (January 2005). "Immunologic and clinical responses to rituximab in a child ... possibly by expanding the memory B cell population. Studies have generally asserted that 70-80% of children with OMS will have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsoclonus_myoclonus_syndrome

... memory). This appears to follow the Yerkes-Dodson curve, as studies have shown circulating levels of glucocorticoids vs. memory ... It is essential for life, and it regulates or supports a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, and ... Elevated levels of glucocorticoids enhance memory for emotionally arousing events, but lead more often than not to poor memory ... Mood, memory, and mechanisms". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1179: 19-40. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04980.x. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoid

... traumatic memories (30%), decreased memory (19%), fatigue (19%), irritability (13%), insomnia (12%) and depressed mood (11%). ... Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms". Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 87: 34-39. doi:10.1016/j.bbi. ... A large study showed that post COVID-19, people had increased risk of several neurologic sequelae including headache, memory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes

A mnemonic is any technique that assists the human memory with information retention or retrieval by making abstract or ... Raynaud's ANA Immunologic (anti-Sm, anti-dsDNA) Neuropsych Malar rash Discoid rash however, not in order of diagnostic ... CHEST SEA To aid memory, think of the chest (or lungs) floating in a sea of yellow sputum, which is commonly seen in COPD. ... Memory loss Emotional blunting UNHAPPINESS: Understandable (such as bereavement, major stresses) Neurotic (high anxiety ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_mnemonics

... that recognise and eliminate cancer cells in an antigen-specific way and also provide long-lived memory CD8+ T cells that will ... "Immunologic and therapeutic evaluation of a synthetic peptide vaccine for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_cell-based_cancer_vaccine

A memory device to remember that the DAT tests the RBCs and is used to test infants for haemolytic disease of the newborn is: ... Immunologic tests, Blood tests). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coombs_test

... indicates more abundant cytoplasm This technique is used to study proteins expressed in cells using immunologic markers. In B- ... Interactions between antibodies and antigens allow B-lymphocytes to establish cellular memories, otherwise known as immunities ... specific to foreign substances in order to aid in their identification and elimination phagocytes Generation of memory cells - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_prolymphocytic_leukemia

Researchers focused on the following symptoms: hair loss, memory loss, dry eyes and/or blurred vision, numbness or tingling in ... "Silicone Breast Implants in Relation to Connective Tissue Diseases and Immunologic Dysfunction: A Report by a National Science ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_implant

Therefore, their epigenetic memory is suited to reprogramming into iPS cells. However, few cells appear in urine, only low ... Such a system provides a useful tool for practical application of iPSCs in the treatment of hematologic and immunologic ... However, this epigenetic memory may manifest during re-differentiation into specific cell types that require the specific loci ... Do JT, Han DW, Gentile L, Sobek-Klocke I, Stehling M, Lee HT, Schöler HR (April 2007). "Erasure of cellular memory by fusion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_stem_cells

Numerous immunologic studies and a growing number of epidemiologic studies have shown that vaccinating previously infected ... Unlike innate immunity it is associated with memory of the pathogen. For thousands of years mankind has been intrigued with the ... Passive immunity provides immediate protection, but the body does not develop memory, therefore the patient is at risk of being ... Throughout the lifetime of an animal, these memory cells will "remember" each specific pathogen encountered, and can mount a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medical)

This study is the first to describe both persistence of antibody and evidence for induction of immune memory using ... "Immunogenicity and Immunologic Memory of Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccine in Premature Infants." Pediatric Infectious Disease ... "Immunogenicity and Immunologic Memory of Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccine in Premature Infants." Pediatric Infectious Disease ... Immunogenicity and immunologic memory of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in premature infants.. ...

https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b49048b5-5f12-4052-9fa9-dc949ae23e22

Adaptive immunity induces immunologic memory and can directly kill tumor cells or recruit other effectors through cytokine ... Innate immunity does not induce immunologic memory. It can directly kill tumor cells. This immunity plays a critical role in ... nonselective protection without resulting immunologic memory. Stimulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize highly ... The immunologic tolerance induced by tumor antigens during the course of primary tumor growth is not absolute and can be ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/991158-188380/what-is-the-role-of-toll-like-receptor-activation-in-immunotherapeutic-targeting-in-pediatric-oncology

Immunologic memory depends on the presence of persistent populations of memory cells that accumulate as an animal ages. These ... Immunologic Memory The effectiveness of adaptive immunity is largely a result of its ability to recognize invading microbes ... Cell-mediated memory is also due to the development of very long-lived populations of memory T cells. The effectiveness of ... Most cytotoxic T cells die within a few days once they are no longer needed, but a few survive to become long-lived memory ...

https://www.msdvetmanual.com/en-au/veterinary/immune-system/the-biology-of-the-immune-system/adaptive-immunity-in-animals

Immunologic Memory * Inflammation / genetics * Inflammation / immunology * Inflammation / pathology* * Interleukin-17 / ... Moreover, human inflammatory DCs, but not inflammatory macrophages, stimulated autologous memory CD4(+) T cells to produce ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23352235/?dopt=Abstract

Immunologic memory in Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine failure. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88:379-83. DOIPubMedGoogle ... Zepp F, Schmitt HJ, Kaufhold A, Schuind A, Knuf M, Habermehl P, Evidence for induction of polysaccharide specific B-cell-memory ... For most of the participants, the magnitude of their response is consistent with a memory response and implies that acellular ... that the presence of memory, as judged by antibody response to a booster dose, is not necessarily a reliable surrogate of ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/6/05-1451_article

... induce T-cell memory, and protect against tumor challenge, with early clinical data supporting the translation into humans (29 ... Immunologic evaluation. Immunologic responses were assessed using validated assays (34-36); T-cell responses were reported to ... Targeting Carcinoembryonic Antigen with DNA Vaccination: On-Target Adverse Events Link with Immunologic and Clinical Outcomes ... This in turn linked to immunologic and clinical outcomes, in particular, to transient decreases in CEA that allowed the ...

https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/22/19/4827/248834/Targeting-Carcinoembryonic-Antigen-with-DNA

Immunologic: allergy, edema head/neck.. Musculoskeletal: muscle weakness.. Nervous System: vertigo, insomnia, memory impairment ... There have been rare postmarketing reports of cognitive impairment (e.g., memory loss, forgetfulness, amnesia, memory ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2ba7af14-9c87-4eb0-84c9-7e895cd75fae

Regulatory T cells maintain "virtual" immunologic memory. From the Lund lab, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division ...

https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news.related.Wyd3ZWItZXRjOmtleXdvcmRzL1cvV2VzdC1OaWxlLXZpcnVzJ10=.html

Induction of immunologic memory in infants primed with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. J Infect Dis 1993;168: ... Results of immunologic evaluation of children who had vaccine failure vary with the age of the child. In a study of children ... Safety and immunologic response to Haemophilus influenzae type b oligosaccharide CRM197 conjugate vaccine in 1- to 6-month-old ... Clinical and immunologic responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in infants injected at 3,5 ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000326/p0000326.asp

Immunologic defense mechanisms targeted against particular pathogens typically emanate from specifically primed lymphocytes ... These mechanisms include cytotoxic, killer, suppressor, and memory functions; systemic and secretory antibodies; and consequent ... Specific systemic antibodies can be generated, but many components of the necessary immunologic machinery act relatively ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/967822

Checkpoint blockade & immunologic memory. *Mechanism of therapy mediation (study design). *Characterization of intra-tumoral ...

https://hstalks.com/t/3225/immune-checkpoint-blockade-in-cns-tumors/?biosci

Insufficient sleep also affects immunologic function and development of mood disorders and is associated with depression; ... deficits in cognition, memory and learning; and reduced quality of life (1). Adults who sleep fewer than 7 hours per night have ... memory consolidation, brain recuperation processes, and learning (2). Because of the importance of these functions, sleep ...

https://blogs.cdc.gov/pcd/2013/09/20/raising-awareness-of-sleep-as-a-healthy-behavior/

Those antibodies only last about six month, but the immunologic memory lasts years. ... and we train memory B cells to remember the pathogen in the future (so that if you are infected, you can produce antibodies ...

https://www.dropzone.com/forums/topic/267518-covid-19/page/236/?tab=comments#comment-4957114

The phenotype included hypogammaglobulinemia (88.9%), reduced switched memory B cells (60.3%), and respiratory (83%) and ... An increasing number of NFKB1 variants are being identified in patients with heterogeneous immunologic phenotypes. OBJECTIVE: ... BACKGROUND: An increasing number of NFKB1 variants are being identified in patients with heterogeneous immunologic phenotypes. ... Characterization of the clinical and immunologic phenotype and management of 157 individuals with 56 distinct heterozygous ...

https://www.garvan.org.au/research/collaborative-programs/circa/publications/15610

The etiology of CFS may be viral or immunologic. Neurasthenia and fibromyalgia may represent related disorders. Also known as ... Common concurrent symptoms of at least six months duration include impairment of memory or concentration, diffuse pain, sore ... and memory loss; candidate etiologic agents include Epstein-Barr and other herpesviruses. ...

https://fpnotebook.com/rheum/Sx/ChrncFtgSyndrmDgns.htm

In addition, vitamin A deficiency impairs adaptive immunity, which results in immunologic memory and occurs after infections or ... Specifically, vitamin A deficiency alters the development of memory T lymphocytes, which can alter the type of protective ...

https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=270894

Immunologic factors include the rates at which bioavailable material is processed to form antigen; antigen is presented by ... and activated T-lymphocyte cells proliferate and differentiate into beryllium-specific memory CD4+ T-cells (i.e., development ... Background: people exposed to beryllium compounds are at risk of developing immunologic sensitization to beryllium (SENS). ... development of SENS is known to require exposure factors and involve immunologic and genetic factors; however, the mechanisms ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=asthma+OR+%27allerg%2A%27+OR+%27immune%2A%27&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=198&RecNo=1977&View=f&

There have been reports of cognitive impairment such as memory loss, forgetfulness, amnesia, memory impairment, and confusion ... Immunologic. Statin use: Postmarketing reports: Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Frequently asked questions. *What are the ... Postmarketing report: Confusion, cognitive impairment, memory loss, forgetfulness, amnesia, memory impairment[Ref] ...

https://www.drugs.com/sfx/pitavastatin-side-effects.html

... the possibility for establishment of permanent immunologic tolerance following depletion of allergen-specific memory B, T and ... IgE antibodies are produced by plasma cells that are supported by allergen-specific memory B and T cells. Pathogenic memory B, ... Pathogenic memory cells can mediate abnormal immune responses to foods indefinitely, by lifelong production of allergen- ... Typically imprinting of the immune system by a pathogen or a vaccine generates mature memory cells that protect against a ...

https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/biologics-research-projects/novel-and-emerging-therapies-food-allergy

Research Areas: T cells, autoimmunity, cytokines, immunologic memory, type 1 diabetes, scleroderma, tolerance ...

https://www.bumc.bu.edu/immunology/faculty/

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/967822-overview

Seto D, West DJ, Ioli V. Persistence of antibody and immunologic memory in children immunized with hepatitis B vaccine at birth ... suggested that strong immunological memory persists more than 10 years after immunization of infants and adolescents with a ...

http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-14-2008/volume-14-issue-4/24.html

... no hyperacute rejections and very infrequent acute rejection in the first year suggesting no evidence for immunologic memory ... 17-23 These existing descriptions concentrate on patients of low immunologic risk and do not include a large proportion of ... affects long-term graft survival substantiating the notion that a VXM is the most accurate characterization of immunologic risk ... antibodies a particular recipient has against a specific donor and is therefore a more comprehensive assessment of immunologic ...

https://journals.lww.com/transplantjournal/Fulltext/2020/06000/A_Virtual_Crossmatch_based_Strategy_Facilitates.25.aspx

Children two years of age up through adolescence can mount more robust immune responses to vaccines than adults; immunologic ... with low expression of CCR5 in circulating CD4+ T cells that are relatively resistant to infection compared to effector memory ... Strategies limited to intensified or early antiretroviral therapy without additional purging and eradication or immunologic ...

https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-AI-20-036.html

Immunologic Memory 22% * Sirtuins 21% * Printing 20% * Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly 18% ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/projects/immune-senescence/fingerprints/

Although this formation of memory occurs throughout life, the most rapid gain in immunologic experience is between birth and ... Memory T cells are also produced and rapidly respond to a second infection, which also leads to a milder course of the ... The advantages of the adaptive responses are their long-lived memories and the ability to adapt to new types of infections. ... B cells can also mature into memory cells, which allows a rapid response if the same infection is encountered again. Plasma ...

https://primaryimmune.org/es/immune-system-and-primary-immunodeficiency

Ultimately the goal is to generate better vaccines so that we can drive immunologic memory and protect people against ...

https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/uga-researchers-identify-essential-component-antiviral-defense

... and a few survive and become central memory and effector memory T cells [55,56]. This differentiation process is tightly ... Effect of space flight on cytokine production and other immunologic parameters of rhesus monkeys. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. ... Sallusto, F.; Lenig, D.; Forster, R.; Lipp, M.; Lanzavecchia, A. Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing ... Kaech, S.M.; Ahmed, R. Memory CD8+ T cell differentiation: Initial antigen encounter triggers a developmental program in naive ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1066/htm

Innate immunity does not induce immunologic memory. (medscape.com)
Innate immunity is non-specific and has no memory. (renalfellow.org)
Vigorous response of human innate functioning IgM memory B cells upon infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (listlabs.com)
These cells are innate in function, conferring protection against diverse microbes by producing low-affinity, broadly reactive IgM without inducing classical immunologic memory. (listlabs.com)

Moreover, human inflammatory DCs, but not inflammatory macrophages, stimulated autologous memory CD4(+) T cells to produce interleukin-17 and induce T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation from naive CD4(+) T cells through the selective secretion of Th17 cell-polarizing cytokines. (nih.gov)
Th-2 and follicular Th cells interact with B-cells and induce memory B-cell formation. (renalfellow.org)
HIV and HCV infections induce distinct immunologic imprints with implications for the pathogenesis of liver disease and therapeutic response to interferon-alpha. (umaryland.edu)

Immunogenicity and immunologic memory of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in premature infants. (ox.ac.uk)
This study is the first to describe both persistence of antibody and evidence for induction of immune memory using meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccine in preterm infants. (ox.ac.uk)
Conjugation of the PRP polysaccharide with protein carriers confers T-cell- dependent characteristics to the vaccine and substantially enhances the immunologic response to the PRP antigen. (cdc.gov)
Typically imprinting of the immune system by a pathogen or a vaccine generates mature memory cells that protect against a disease and provide long-term effectiveness. (fda.gov)
Memory B cell (MBC) frequency against ancestral Wuhan Hu-1, B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) S1 (the extracellular part of Spike that includes the RBD) protein was boosted 2-3 weeks after the third vaccine dose compared to 20-21 weeks after the second vaccine dose. (substack.com)
One reason for this may be that A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccines preferentially recall memory B cell responses to crossreactive epitopes in seasonal vaccine viruses, eliciting antibodies that do not effectively inhibit hemagglutination of the pandemic virus. (cdc.gov)
The studies will examine immunologic responses, the level of virus protection offered and how the vaccine is working mechanistically. (tulane.edu)

Pathogenic memory cells can mediate abnormal immune responses to foods indefinitely, by lifelong production of allergen-reactive immunoglobulin E (IgE) and sensitization of mast cells. (fda.gov)
The advantages of the adaptive responses are their long-lived memories and the ability to adapt to new types of infections. (primaryimmune.org)
In addition, the responses observed were durable, showing long lasting immunologic memory and anti-tumor protection when CDN-treated mice were re-challenged with HER2 + breast cancer tumor cells. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
We also show that interleukin-27 production by B cells contributes to their impact on primary, but not memory, CD8 responses. (bvsalud.org)
as well as immunologic responses throughout the body. (ethealing.com)
Immune responses directed against lipopolysaccharide antigens in the capsule of C jejuni result in antibodies that cross-react with ganglioside GM1 in myelin, resulting in immunologic damage to the peripheral nervous system. (medscape.com)

We used microarrays to examine the gene expression differences between naive, effector, memory and exhausted virus-specific CD8 T cells following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. (gsea-msigdb.org)
CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients displayed increased numbers of effector memory and terminally differentiated cells, respectively, when compared to controls. (unicatt.it)

Adaptive immunity is antigen-specific and has memory function. (renalfellow.org)
All T-cells have T-cell receptor (TCR) and require antigen presentation by APCs to develop into memory cells. (renalfellow.org)
Naïve CD8 T-cells maturate into memory T-cells in the peripheral lymphoid organs when their TCR binds to MHC-I / antigen complex on APCs. (renalfellow.org)
The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus. (bvsalud.org)
However, a fate alternative to effector or memory differentiation is induced in pathologies in which antigen persists, notably chronic infections and cancer: T cell exhaustion. (nature.com)

Ultimately the goal is to generate better vaccines so that we can drive immunologic memory and protect people against subsequent infections,' Watford says. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
The memory B cells chosen already had a high affinity to hemagglutinin (HA), a primary target for the development of vaccines that neutralize several types of group 1 and group 2 influenza A viruses. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Annual influenza strains are likely to contain unique seasonal variations of these two types, which, combined with antigenic drift-in which HA and/or NA mutations occur over the course of 2-3 seasons-contributes to immunologic failure of vaccines, particularly among the elderly. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
The high binding affinity of bnAbs for multiple type A subtypes, particularly those from group 2, may have important clinical implications for the potential creation of vaccines drawn from memory B cells as opposed to those developed traditionally from long-lived plasma cells that produce neutralizing antibodies in response to original virus. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)

In addition, vitamin A deficiency impairs adaptive immunity, which results in immunologic memory and occurs after infections or immunizations. (usda.gov)
Specifically, vitamin A deficiency alters the development of memory T lymphocytes, which can alter the type of protective immunity that develops. (usda.gov)

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of NFKB1 variants are being identified in patients with heterogeneous immunologic phenotypes. (garvan.org.au)
Based on combined hierarchal gating and unsupervised clustering analyses, we found that anti-PD-1 therapy enhances remodeling of both B and T cell compartments toward memory phenotypes. (jci.org)

Wayne A. Marasco, MD, PhD, and his colleagues isolated broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) for influenza viruses by culturing and activating 237 H3-reactive memory B cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 7 healthy donors that were specific to antigens CD19+ and CD27+. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)

The phenotype included hypogammaglobulinemia (88.9%), reduced switched memory B cells (60.3%), and respiratory (83%) and gastrointestinal (28.6%) infections, thus characterizing the disorder as primary immunodeficiency. (garvan.org.au)
CD8 T cells normally differentiate from resting na ve T cells into function effector and then memory CD8 T cells following acute infections. (gsea-msigdb.org)

and activated T-lymphocyte cells proliferate and differentiate into beryllium-specific memory CD4+ T-cells (i.e., development of SENS). (cdc.gov)
Occasionally, imprinting may go wrong and result in the generation of pathogenic memory cells that react to usually harmless consumed substances, resulting in the development of food allergies. (fda.gov)
IgE antibodies are produced by plasma cells that are supported by allergen-specific memory B and T cells. (fda.gov)
Pathogenic memory B, T, and plasma cells can circulate in the blood, can infiltrate various allergy-prone tissues such as the gut and the skin, or can reside within the lymphatic organs for years. (fda.gov)
Naïve B-cells has IgD on their surface which recognize alloantigens and undergo class switching (switch into IgG/IgE/IgA/IgM) to become a memory B-cell. (renalfellow.org)
Memory B cells are what gives rise to future ability to develop antibodies. (substack.com)
Genes down-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus memory CD8 T cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)
To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bacterial pathogen having specific affinity for the human IgM memory B cells, driving their potent activation and polyclonal Ig response. (listlabs.com)
Memory T cells: total recall or just a sense of déjà vu? (ox.ac.uk)
When hosts suffer influenza virus infection, the TNFSF14-HVEM signaling pathway can stimulate the maturation and proliferation of memory CD8+ T cells, which helps the host immune system stimulate a second immune response against respiratory virus infection. (bvsalud.org)
Researchers have discovered a germline gene in memory B cells that appear to resist multiple strains of influenza A virus. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Researchers at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts, and the Centers for Disease Control have identified a germline gene in human memory B cells that appear to resist multiple strains of influenza A virus, and more importantly, that can evolve to protect against changes in the viral strains that become active in any given year. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Because memory B cells re-enter germinal centers, they may evolve to accumulate somatic hypermutations (SHMs) within aging individuals to achieve increasingly broader and more diverse levels of specificity over time. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Dr Marasco and his colleagues recommended a vaccination development strategy that specifically targets the HA stem pathway, in order to enhance the longevity of memory B cells such as 3114, and to encourage greater expansion of their antiviral activity. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)

Genetic and immunologic aspects of sleep and sleep disorders. (medlineplus.gov)

Thus, immunologic and metabolic signaling are intrinsically linked: through mitigation of metabolic stress, T cell differentiation can be altered to promote more functional cellular fates. (nature.com)

The number of effector memory CD4(+) and terminally differentiated CD8(+) lymphocytes positively associated with a more advanced stage of disease, treatment requirements and unfavorable genomic aberrations. (unicatt.it)

This unfocused T-independent response explains the localized Ig response that occurs, despite an absence of immunologic memory elicited during gonorrhea. (listlabs.com)

Rectal temperature and clinical illness scores were monitored, and blood and nasal specimens were obtained for determination of clinicopathologic and immunologic variables. (avma.org)

In vaccinates, antibody titers against BHV1 and BVDV2, but not BVDV1, increased after challenge as did extracellular and intracellular interferon-γ expression, indicating a T helper 1 memory response. (avma.org)
Which is more evidence of immunologic escape of Omicron from B-cell mediated (antibody) control. (substack.com)
The rosette-forming cell may be an antibody-forming cell, a memory cell, a T-cell, a cell bearing surface cytophilic antibodies, or a monocyte possessing Fc receptors. (uchicago.edu)

During the past 30 years, multiple pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the immunologic benefits of Acemannan. (mannatech.com)

These particular adjuvants cause no or limited memory response in the immune system, so they could be used for a number of different vaccinations. (tulane.edu)

Common concurrent symptoms of at least six months duration include impairment of memory or concentration, diffuse pain, sore throat, tender lymph nodes, headaches of a new type, pattern, or severity, and nonrestorative sleep. (fpnotebook.com)
There have been reports of cognitive impairment such as memory loss, forgetfulness, amnesia, memory impairment, and confusion associated with statin use. (drugs.com)

Improve cognitive function like concentration and memory. (mannatech.com)
Moreover, memory CD8 numbers and function are impaired in B-cell-deficient animals, leading to increased susceptibility to bacterial challenge. (bvsalud.org)

Interrupted and poor quality sleep can lead to daytime sleepiness and fatigue, impaired attention and memory, headaches, depression , and sexual dysfunction. (medlineplus.gov)

There were no hyperacute rejections and very infrequent acute rejection in the first year suggesting no evidence for immunologic memory response. (lww.com)
Evidence for HIV-associated B cell exhaustion in a dysfunctional memory B cell compartment in HIV-infected viremic individuals. (umaryland.edu)

Understanding the basic immunologic principles is crucial for transplant management. (renalfellow.org)

On the significance of CD8 alpha alpha expression for T cell memory. (unil.ch)

Anatomy30

Organisms10

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs27

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Psychiatry and Psychology42

Phenomena and Processes23

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Humanities1

Health Care3

Lymph node germinal centers form in the absence of follicular dendritic cell networks. (1/5750)

Selective recruitment of CCR4-bearing Th2 cells toward antigen-presenting cells by the CC chemokines thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and macrophage-derived chemokine. (2/5750)

Cytotoxic T-cell responses in mice infected with influenza and vaccinia viruses vary in magnitude with H-2 genotype. (3/5750)

Core 2-containing O-glycans on CD43 are preferentially expressed in the memory subset of human CD4 T cells. (4/5750)

Enhanced cytotoxic T cell activity in IL-4-deficient mice. (5/5750)

Linear differentiation of cytotoxic effectors into memory T lymphocytes. (6/5750)

Functional differences between memory and naive CD8 T cells. (7/5750)

Postthymic development of CD28-CD8+ T cell subset: age-associated expansion and shift from memory to naive phenotype. (8/5750)

Immunologic Memory

Memory

Memory Disorders

Memory, Short-Term

Immunization, Secondary

Antibody Formation

Memory, Long-Term

Vaccines, Conjugate

Memory, Episodic

Meningococcal Vaccines

B-Lymphocytes

Antibodies, Bacterial

Immunization

Thoracic Duct

Immunoglobulin G

Immunity, Cellular

Tetanus Toxoid

Antibody-Producing Cells

T-Lymphocytes

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Lymphocyte Activation

Hemolytic Plaque Technique

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Antigens

gamma-Globulins

Mental Recall

Immunity, Maternally-Acquired

Antibody Affinity

Vaccination

Spleen

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Time Factors

Antigens, CD27

Immunization Schedule

Immunity, Innate

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Neisseria meningitidis

Polysaccharides, Bacterial

Haemophilus Vaccines

T-Lymphocyte Subsets

Hemocyanin

Maze Learning

Neuropsychological Tests

Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte

Interferon-gamma

Retention (Psychology)

Recognition (Psychology)

Adjuvants, Immunologic

Immunization, Passive

Immunoglobulin M

Germinal Center

Adoptive Transfer

Models, Immunological

Adaptive Immunity

Hippocampus

Haptens

Antibodies, Viral

Immune Tolerance

Learning

Pneumococcal Vaccines

Lymphocytes

B-Lymphocyte Subsets

Immunophenotyping

Antigens, Bacterial

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Meningococcal Infections

Lymphocyte Count

Association Learning

Mice, Transgenic

Bacterial Vaccines

Antibodies

Erythrocytes

Hypersensitivity, Delayed

Mice, Inbred Strains

Sheep

Amnesia

T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic

Verbal Learning

Mice, Inbred CBA