Immunoglobulins. Medical search

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

The largest of polypeptide chains comprising immunoglobulins. They contain 450 to 600 amino acid residues per chain, and have molecular weights of 51-72 kDa.

Immunoglobulin preparations used in intravenous infusion, containing primarily IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. They are used to treat a variety of diseases associated with decreased or abnormal immunoglobulin levels including pediatric AIDS; primary HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; SCID; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS infections in transplant recipients, LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC; Kawasaki syndrome, infection in neonates, and IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA.

Genes encoding the different subunits of the IMMUNOGLOBULINS, for example the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN GENES and the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES. The heavy and light immunoglobulin genes are present as gene segments in the germline cells. The completed genes are created when the segments are shuffled and assembled (B-LYMPHOCYTE GENE REARRANGEMENT) during B-LYMPHOCYTE maturation. The gene segments of the human light and heavy chain germline genes are symbolized V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant). The heavy chain germline genes have an additional segment D (diversity).

Polypeptide chains, consisting of 211 to 217 amino acid residues and having a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa. There are two major types of light chains, kappa and lambda. Two Ig light chains and two Ig heavy chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) make one immunoglobulin molecule.

One of the types of light chains of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa.

An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

The principle immunoglobulin in exocrine secretions such as milk, respiratory and intestinal mucin, saliva and tears. The complete molecule (around 400 kD) is composed of two four-chain units of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, one SECRETORY COMPONENT and one J chain (IMMUNOGLOBULIN J-CHAINS).

That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. It includes hypervariable regions (COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGIONS) and framework regions.

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. They have a molecular weight of approximately 72 kDa and they contain about 57 amino acid residues arranged in five domains and have more oligosaccharide branches and a higher carbohydrate content than the heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.

The classes of immunoglobulins found in any species of animal. In man there are nine classes that migrate in five different groups in electrophoresis; they each consist of two light and two heavy protein chains, and each group has distinguishing structural and functional properties.

One of the types of light chain subunits of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa.

An immunoglobulin which accounts for less than 1% of plasma immunoglobulin. It is found on the membrane of many circulating B LYMPHOCYTES.

The domains of the immunoglobulin molecules that are invariable in their amino acid sequence within any class or subclass of immunoglobulin. They confer biological as well as structural functions to immunoglobulins. One each on both the light chains and the heavy chains comprises the C-terminus half of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FAB FRAGMENT and two or three of them make up the rest of the heavy chains (all of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FC FRAGMENT)

Crystallizable fragments composed of the carboxy-terminal halves of both IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fc fragments contain the carboxy-terminal parts of the heavy chain constant regions that are responsible for the effector functions of an immunoglobulin (COMPLEMENT fixation, binding to the cell membrane via FC RECEPTORS, and placental transport). This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Gene rearrangement of the B-lymphocyte which results in a substitution in the type of heavy-chain constant region that is expressed. This allows the effector response to change while the antigen binding specificity (variable region) remains the same. The majority of class switching occurs by a DNA recombination event but it also can take place at the level of RNA processing.

Heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G having a molecular weight of approximately 51 kDa. They contain about 450 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component covalently bound to the Fc fragment constant region. The gamma heavy chain subclasses (for example, gamma 1, gamma 2a, and gamma 2b) of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN G isotype subclasses (IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B) resemble each other more closely than the heavy chains of the other IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES.

Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.

A 15 kD "joining" peptide that forms one of the linkages between monomers of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M in the formation of polymeric immunoglobulins. There is one J chain per one IgA dimer or one IgM pentamer. It is also involved in binding the polymeric immunoglobulins to POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR which is necessary for their transcytosis to the lumen. It is distinguished from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN JOINING REGION which is part of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains.

Partial immunoglobulin molecules resulting from selective cleavage by proteolytic enzymes or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Allelic variants of the immunoglobulin light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) or heavy chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) encoded by ALLELES of IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES.

Specialized Fc receptors (RECEPTORS, FC) for polymeric immunoglobulins, which mediate transcytosis of polymeric IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN M into external secretions. They are found on the surfaces of epithelial cells and hepatocytes. After binding to IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, the receptor-ligand complex undergoes endocytosis, transport by vesicle, and secretion into the lumen by exocytosis. Before release, the part of the receptor (SECRETORY COMPONENT) that is bound to IMMUNOGLOBULIN A is proteolytically cleaved from its transmembrane tail. (From Rosen et al., The Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

A segment of the immunoglobulin heavy chains, encoded by the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES in the J segment where, during the maturation of B-LYMPHOCYTES; the gene segment for the variable region upstream is joined to a constant region gene segment downstream. The exact position of joining of the two gene segments is variable and contributes to ANTIBODY DIVERSITY. It is distinguished from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN J CHAINS; a separate polypeptide that serves as a linkage piece in polymeric IGA or IGM.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

IMMUNOGLOBULINS on the surface of B-LYMPHOCYTES. Their MESSENGER RNA contains an EXON with a membrane spanning sequence, producing immunoglobulins in the form of type I transmembrane proteins as opposed to secreted immunoglobulins (ANTIBODIES) which do not contain the membrane spanning segment.

Abnormal immunoglobulins characteristic of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Genes and gene segments encoding the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS. Gene segments of the heavy chain genes are symbolized V (variable), D (diversity), J (joining), and C (constant).

A programmed mutation process whereby changes are introduced to the nucleotide sequence of immunoglobulin gene DNA during development.

Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN D. They have a molecular weight of approximately 64 kDa and they contain about 500 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component covalently bound to the Fc fragment constant region.

A site located in the INTRONS at the 5' end of each constant region segment of a immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene where recombination (or rearrangement) occur during IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASS SWITCHING. Ig switch regions are found on genes encoding all five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES) of IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS.

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN A. They have a molecular weight of approximately 58 kDa and contain about 470 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component bound covalently to their Fc fragment constant region.

Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.

Unique genetically-controlled determinants present on ANTIBODIES whose specificity is limited to a single group of proteins (e.g., another antibody molecule or an individual myeloma protein). The idiotype appears to represent the antigenicity of the antigen-binding site of the antibody and to be genetically codetermined with it. The idiotypic determinants have been precisely located to the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of both immunoglobin polypeptide chains.

Serum globulins that migrate to the gamma region (most positively charged) upon ELECTROPHORESIS. At one time, gamma-globulins came to be used as a synonym for immunoglobulins since most immunoglobulins are gamma globulins and conversely most gamma globulins are immunoglobulins. But since some immunoglobulins exhibit an alpha or beta electrophoretic mobility, that usage is in decline.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The extracellular moiety of the POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR found alone or complexed with IGA or IGM, in a variety of external secretions (tears, bile, colostrum.) Secretory component is derived by proteolytic cleavage of the receptor during transcytosis. When immunoglobulins IgA and IgM are bound to the receptor, during their transcytosis secretory component becomes covalently attached to them generating SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN A or secretory IMMUNOGLOBULIN M.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Allelic variants of the gamma-immunoglobulin heavy chain (IMMUNOGLOBULIN GAMMA-CHAINS) encoded by ALLELES of IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES.

The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates.

Molecules found on the surface of some, but not all, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, which recognize and combine with the Fc (crystallizable) portion of immunoglobulin molecules.

Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).

Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES.) They are formed from parts of the variable regions of FAB FRAGMENTS.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Ordered rearrangement of B-lymphocyte variable gene regions of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS, thereby contributing to antibody diversity. It occurs during the first stage of differentiation of the IMMATURE B-LYMPHOCYTES.

Ordered rearrangement of B-lymphocyte variable gene regions coding for the IMMUNOGLOBULIN CHAINS, thereby contributing to antibody diversity. It occurs during the differentiation of the IMMATURE B-LYMPHOCYTES.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A protein present in the cell wall of most Staphylococcus aureus strains. The protein selectively binds to the Fc region of human normal and myeloma-derived IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. It elicits antibody activity and may cause hypersensitivity reactions due to histamine release; has also been used as cell surface antigen marker and in the clinical assessment of B lymphocyte function.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Specialized forms of antibody-producing B-LYMPHOCYTES. They synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin. They are found only in lymphoid organs and at sites of immune responses and normally do not circulate in the blood or lymph. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989, p169 & Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p20)

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Genes and gene segments encoding the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS. Gene segments of the light chain genes are designated as V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant).

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN E. They have a molecular weight of approximately 72 kDa and they contain about 550 amino acid residues arranged in five domains and about three times more carbohydrate than the heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Ordered rearrangement of B-lymphocyte variable gene regions coding for the kappa or lambda IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS, thereby contributing to antibody diversity. It occurs during the second stage of differentiation of the IMMATURE B-LYMPHOCYTES.

Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Proteins isolated from the roots of the pokeweed, Phytolacca americana, that agglutinate some erythrocytes, stimulate mitosis and antibody synthesis in lymphocytes, and induce activation of plasma cells.

Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

Specific molecular sites on the surface of various cells, including B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that combine with IMMUNOGLOBULIN Gs. Three subclasses exist: Fc gamma RI (the CD64 antigen, a low affinity receptor), Fc gamma RII (the CD32 antigen, a high affinity receptor), and Fc gamma RIII (the CD16 antigen, a low affinity receptor).

Autoantibodies that bind to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (RECEPTORS, THYROTROPIN) on thyroid epithelial cells. The autoantibodies mimic TSH causing an unregulated production of thyroid hormones characteristic of GRAVES DISEASE.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.

An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.

The phenomenon of immense variability characteristic of ANTIBODIES. It enables the IMMUNE SYSTEM to react specifically against the essentially unlimited kinds of ANTIGENS it encounters. Antibody diversity is accounted for by three main theories: (1) the Germ Line Theory, which holds that each antibody-producing cell has genes coding for all possible antibody specificities, but expresses only the one stimulated by antigen; (2) the Somatic Mutation Theory, which holds that antibody-producing cells contain only a few genes, which produce antibody diversity by mutation; and (3) the Gene Rearrangement Theory, which holds that antibody diversity is generated by the rearrangement of IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION gene segments during the differentiation of the ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS.

A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Allelic variants of the kappa light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA-CHAINS) encoded by ALLELES of IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN GENES.

Cells of the lymphoid series that can react with antigen to produce specific cell products called antibodies. Various cell subpopulations, often B-lymphocytes, can be defined, based on the different classes of immunoglobulins that they synthesize.

An abnormal protein with unusual thermosolubility characteristics that is found in the urine of patients with MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.

A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process. The larger fragment C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.

The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Antibodies found in adult RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS patients that are directed against GAMMA-CHAIN IMMUNOGLOBULINS.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

Abnormal immunoglobulins synthesized by atypical cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. Paraproteins containing only light chains lead to Bence Jones paraproteinemia, while the presence of only atypical heavy chains leads to heavy chain disease. Most of the paraproteins show themselves as an M-component (monoclonal gammopathy) in electrophoresis. Diclonal and polyclonal paraproteins are much less frequently encountered.

A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.

A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Specific molecular sites on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes which combine with IgEs. Two subclasses exist: low affinity receptors (Fc epsilon RII) and high affinity receptors (Fc epsilon RI).

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.

Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.

Proteins that bind to particles and cells to increase susceptibility to PHAGOCYTOSIS, especially ANTIBODIES bound to EPITOPES that attach to FC RECEPTORS. COMPLEMENT C3B may also participate.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

The type (and only) species of RUBIVIRUS causing acute infection in humans, primarily children and young adults. Humans are the only natural host. A live, attenuated vaccine is available for prophylaxis.

An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of cytidine, forming uridine. EC 3.5.4.5.

A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Nonsusceptibility to the pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or antigenic substances as a result of antibody secretions of the mucous membranes. Mucosal epithelia in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts produce a form of IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) that serves to protect these ports of entry into the body.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk.

Immunizing agent containing IMMUNOGLOBULIN G anti-Rho(D) used for preventing Rh immunization in Rh-negative individuals exposed to Rh-positive red blood cells.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.

A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

An epithelial outgrowth of the cloaca in birds similar to the thymus in mammals. It atrophies within 6 months after birth and remains as a fibrous remnant in adult birds. It is composed of lymphoid tissue and prior to involution, is the site of B-lymphocyte maturation.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A soluble factor produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that induces the expression of MHC CLASS II GENES and FC RECEPTORS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and causes their proliferation and differentiation. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, MAST CELLS, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Biologically active substances whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The in vitro formation of clusters consisting of a cell (usually a lymphocyte) surrounded by antigenic cells or antigen-bearing particles (usually erythrocytes, which may or may not be coated with antibody or antibody and complement). The rosette-forming cell may be an antibody-forming cell, a memory cell, a T-cell, a cell bearing surface cytophilic antibodies, or a monocyte possessing Fc receptors. Rosette formation can be used to identify specific populations of these cells.

A type of chromosome aberration characterized by CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE and transfer of the broken-off portion to another location, often to a different chromosome.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.

Serum globulins with high molecular weight. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Stable iodine atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iodine, but differ in atomic weight. I-127 is the only naturally occurring stable iodine isotope.

Substances, usually of biological origin, that cause cells or other organic particles to aggregate and stick to each other. They include those ANTIBODIES which cause aggregation or agglutination of particulate or insoluble ANTIGENS.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.

Any of numerous agile, hollow-horned RUMINANTS of the genus Capra, in the family Bovidae, closely related to the SHEEP.

Three regions (CDR1; CDR2 and CDR3) of amino acid sequence in the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION that are highly divergent. Together the CDRs from the light and heavy immunoglobulin chains form a surface that is complementary to the antigen. These regions are also present in other members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, for example, T-cell receptors (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL).

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

Serologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red cell suspension. Reaction result is expressed as the smallest amount of antigen which causes complete inhibition of hemagglutination.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A group of elongate elasmobranchs. Sharks are mostly marine fish, with certain species large and voracious.

Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.

Electrophoresis applied to BLOOD PROTEINS.

Cell surface molecules on cells of the immune system that specifically bind surface molecules or messenger molecules and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Although these receptors were first identified in the immune system, many have important functions elsewhere.

A genus of protozoa parasitic to birds and mammals. T. gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic animal parasites of man.

Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.

Lymphoid tissue on the mucosa of the small intestine.

Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using an immunosorbent containing the homologous antigen or antibody.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Epicutaneous or intradermal application of a sensitizer for demonstration of either delayed or immediate hypersensitivity. Used in diagnosis of hypersensitivity or as a test for cellular immunity.

Abnormal immunoglobulins, especially IGG or IGM, that precipitate spontaneously when SERUM is cooled below 37 degrees Celsius. It is characteristic of CRYOGLOBULINEMIA.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

The process by which the V (variable), D (diversity), and J (joining) segments of IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES or T-CELL RECEPTOR GENES are assembled during the development of LYMPHOID CELLS using NONHOMOLOGOUS DNA END-JOINING.

Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

An acute infectious disease caused by the RUBELLA VIRUS. The virus enters the respiratory tract via airborne droplet and spreads to the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

An energy dependent process following the crosslinking of B CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS by multivalent ligands (bivalent anti-antibodies, LECTINS or ANTIGENS), on the B-cell surface. The crosslinked ligand-antigen receptor complexes collect in patches which flow to and aggregate at one pole of the cell to form a large mass - the cap. The caps may then be endocytosed or shed into the environment.

T-cell enhancement of the B-cell response to thymic-dependent antigens.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

Removal of non-specific serum inhibitors of haemagglutination of rubella virus by treatment with dodecylamine-gel. (1/5906)

The suitability of using dodecylamine-gel for removing the serum non-antibody-like inhibitors of haemagglutination by rubella was studied. Compared with kaolin and MnCl2/heparin treatment this new procedure appears to have a higher specificity since it removes the non-antibody-like inhibitors from serum without affecting the immunoglobulin level significantly. The potential application of this procedure in routine serological analysis for rubella virus infection is discussed. (+info)

Staphylococcal protein A; its preparation and an application to rubella serology. (2/5906)

Good yields of staphylococcal protein A are obtained by growing the staphylococcus Cowan type 1 on cellophane agar. The activity of these preparations in removing immunoglobulin G (IgG) from human serum can be readily measured by the Mancini radial-diffusion technique and the correct in-use dilution determined. Treatment with protein A of sera from women with a history of rubella may help in the identification of those having specific antibody in the IgM and IgA fractions. This relatively simple procedure may have worthwhile application in the diagnosis of rubella. (+info)

Cloning and functional studies of a novel gene aberrantly expressed in RB-deficient embryos. (3/5906)

The tumor suppressor RB regulates diverse cellular processes such as G1/S transition, cell differentiation, and cell survival. Indeed, Rb-knockout mice exhibit phenotypes including ectopic mitosis, defective differentiation, and extensive apoptosis in the neurons. Using differential display, a novel gene, Rig-1, was isolated based on its elevated expression in the hindbrain and spinal cord of Rb-knockout embryos. The longest open reading frame of Rig-1 encoded a polypeptide that consists of a putative extracellular segment with five immunoglobulin-like domains and three fibronectin III-like domains, a putative transmembrane domain, and a distinct intracellular segment. The Rig-1 sequence was 40% identical to the recently identified roundabout protein. Consistent with the predicted transmembrane nature of the protein, Rig-1 protein was present in the membranous fraction. Antisera raised against the putative extracellular and intracellular segments of Rig-1 reacted with an approximately 210-kDa protein in mouse embryonic CNS. Rig-1 mRNA was transiently expressed in the embryonic hindbrain and spinal cord. Elevated levels of Rig-1 mRNA and protein were found in Rb-/- embryos. Ectopic expression of a transmembrane form of Rig-1, but not the secreted form, promoted neuronal cell entrance to S phase and repressed the expression of a marker of differentiated neuron, Talpha1 tubulin. Thus Rig-1, a possible distant relative of roundabout, may mediate some of the pleiotropic roles of RB in the developing neurons. (+info)

NKp44, a triggering receptor involved in tumor cell lysis by activated human natural killer cells, is a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. (4/5906)

Surface receptors involved in natural killer (NK) cell triggering during the process of tumor cell lysis have recently been identified. Of these receptors, NKp44 is selectively expressed by IL-2- activated NK cells and may contribute to the increased efficiency of activated NK cells to mediate tumor cell lysis. Here we describe the molecular cloning of NKp44. Analysis of the cloned cDNA indicated that NKp44 is a novel transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the Immunoglobulin superfamily characterized by a single extracellular V-type domain. The charged amino acid lysine in the transmembrane region may be involved in the association of NKp44 with the signal transducing molecule killer activating receptor-associated polypeptide (KARAP)/DAP12. These molecules were found to be crucial for the surface expression of NKp44. In agreement with data of NKp44 surface expression, the NKp44 transcripts were strictly confined to activated NK cells and to a minor subset of TCR-gamma/delta+ T lymphocytes. Unlike genes coding for other receptors involved in NK cell triggering or inhibition, the NKp44 gene is on human chromosome 6. (+info)

Detection of antibody to bovine syncytial virus and respiratory syncytial virus in bovine fetal serum. (5/5906)

Batches of commercial fetal bovine serum, described by the suppliers as antibody-free, all contained antibody to bovine syncytial virus (BSV) when tested by indirect immunofluorescence. Antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was not detected in these sera. Twenty-four percent of individual fetal bovine sera contained antibody to BSV, and 14% contained antibody to RSV when tested by indirect immunofluorescence. BSV antibody titers in fetal sera from dams with high BSV antibody levels were variable but always higher than RSV antibody titers. Radial immunodiffusion studies with BSV-positive sera revealed the presence of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA, but the quantity of these immunoglobulins was not directly related to the BSV antibody titers. The evidence suggests that the antibody present in fetal sera arose as the result of infection rather than from maternal transfer across the placenta. (+info)

Detection of small numbers of immature cells in the blood of healthy subjects. (6/5906)

AIMS: To determine the frequency of immature haemopoietic cells in the peripheral blood of healthy persons. METHODS: Cytocentrifuge preparations were made using mononuclear leucocytes separated by a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. The slides were stained by May-Grunwald-Giemsa. The combination with immunoperoxidase technique allowed immunotyping of uncommon blood cells. RESULTS: Blast cells expressing the progenitor cell marker CD34 represented 0.11 (0.06) per cent (mean (SD)) of the total mononuclear leucocyte count; these were the haemopoietic progenitor cells in the peripheral blood. Dark blue cells expressing CD38, CD45, HLA-DR, CD4, CD11a, CD29, CD49d, CD50, and CD54 represented 0.30 (0.21) per cent of the mononuclear leucocytes; most of these cells did not express T, B, NK, myelomonocytic, progenitor cell, proliferation, activation, blood dendritic cell, or follicular dendritic cell markers. These were dendritic cell precursors in the peripheral blood. Very small numbers of cells expressing CD83 were found. Blast-like cells expressing CD45, HLA-DR, CD11a, and CD50 represented 0.15 (0.10) per cent of the mononuclear leucocytes; morphology and immunotyping supported the conclusion that these cells were poorly differentiated monocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Morphological investigation of mononuclear leucocytes in peripheral blood of healthy persons can be used to detect small numbers of blasts, dark blue cells, and blast-like cells. The immunoperoxidase technique can then be used for immunotyping of these cells. This simple method may be helpful in diagnosing haematological disorders. (+info)

Characterization of a novel rat brain glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein (Kilon), a member of the IgLON cell adhesion molecule family. (7/5906)

In the central nervous system, many cell adhesion molecules are known to participate in the establishment and remodeling of the neural circuit. Some of the cell adhesion molecules are known to be anchored to the membrane by the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) inserted to their C termini, and many GPI-anchored proteins are known to be localized in a Triton-insoluble membrane fraction of low density or so-called "raft." In this study, we surveyed the GPI-anchored proteins in the Triton-insoluble low density fraction from 2-week-old rat brain by solubilization with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. By Western blotting and partial peptide sequencing after the deglycosylation with peptide N-glycosidase F, the presence of Thy-1, F3/contactin, and T-cadherin was shown. In addition, one of the major proteins, having an apparent molecular mass of 36 kDa after the peptide N-glycosidase F digestion, was found to be a novel protein. The result of cDNA cloning showed that the protein is an immunoglobulin superfamily member with three C2 domains and has six putative glycosylation sites. Since this protein shows high sequence similarity to IgLON family members including LAMP, OBCAM, neurotrimin, CEPU-1, AvGP50, and GP55, we termed this protein Kilon (a kindred of IgLON). Kilon-specific monoclonal antibodies were produced, and Western blotting analysis showed that expression of Kilon is restricted to brain, and Kilon has an apparent molecular mass of 46 kDa in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in its expressed form. In brain, the expression of Kilon is already detected in E16 stage, and its level gradually increases during development. Kilon immunostaining was observed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, in which the strongly stained puncta were observed on dendrites and soma of pyramidal neurons. (+info)

Characterization of an immunoglobin cDNA clone containing the variable and constant regions for the MOPC 21 kappa light chain. (8/5906)

Nucleotide sequence analysis and restriction endonuclease mapping have been used to characterize a cDNA copy of immunoglobulin MOPC 21 Kappa mRNA clones in the bacterial plasmid pMB9. Three regions of the inserted cDNA of plasmid pL21-1 have been sequenced and match the known protein sequence at amino acid residues 1-24, 128-138 and 171-179. With these sequences to provide absolute correlations between the restriction map and the structural gene sequence it has been possible to exactly deduce the positions of all 11 of the insert restriction sites mapped within the structural gene. The pL21-1 insert contains the complete variable and constant regions as well as parts of the 3' untranslated and polypeptide leader coding sequences. (+info)

... and immunoglobulins. Blood products may also be called blood-based products to differ from blood substitutes, which generally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_product

Heavy chains only (also known as "heavy chain disease"); Whole immunoglobulins. If immunoglobulins tend to precipitate within ... The γ band is where the immunoglobulins appear, which is why they are also known as gammaglobulins. The majority of ... Note that while most heavy chains or whole immunoglobulins remain within blood vessels, light chains frequently escape and are ... usually whole immunoglobulins) to form polymers by aggregating with each other; this takes the name of macroglobulinemia and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_gammopathy

Each immunoglobulin domain has a similar structure, characteristic of all the members of the immunoglobulin superfamily: it is ... Somatic recombination of immunoglobulins, also known as V(D)J recombination, involves the generation of a unique immunoglobulin ... The membrane-bound form of an antibody may be called a surface immunoglobulin (sIg) or a membrane immunoglobulin (mIg). It is ... Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

Secretion of immunoglobulins. IgA from plasma cells in the mucosa are absorbed through receptor-mediated endocytosis on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocyte

PSG is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and contains four immunoglobulin domains. The complete isolation of ... CEAs are immunoglobulins. Within humans there are total of 11 PSG genes located on the 19th chromosome; there are 17 genes ... Khan WN, Teglund S, Bremer K, Hammarström S (1992). "The pregnancy-specific glycoprotein family of the immunoglobulin ... a new subfamily of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily". Biochemistry. 29 (11): 2845-52. doi:10.1021/bi00463a030. PMID 2346748 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSG1_(gene)

Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) is a human immunoglobulin that is used to prevent the development of hepatitis B and is used ... Allergy to human immunoglobulin is a contraindication. HIV has never been transmitted by HBIG. As with all blood-derived ... "Hepatitis B immunoglobulins". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Portal: Medicine (Webarchive template ... It provides a temporarily induced immunity by the transfer of immunoglobulins.[citation needed] HBIG is given by either ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_immune_globulin

... immunoglobulin lambda constant 1 (Mcg marker) IGLC2 - immunoglobulin lambda constant 2 (Kern-Oz- marker) IGLC3 - immunoglobulin ... "Entrez Gene: [email protected] immunoglobulin lambda locus". Taussig MJ (1988). "Molecular genetics of immunoglobulins". Immunology. ... immunoglobulin lambda joining n IGLJ1, IGLJ2, IGLJ3, IGLJ6, IGLJ7 [email protected] - variable group IGLVm-n - immunoglobulin lambda ... or immunoglobulins). Immunoglobulins recognize foreign antigens and initiate immune responses such as phagocytosis and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/[email protected]

Immunoglobulin-like domains: found in proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). They contain about 70-110 amino acids ... Four concrete examples of widespread protein modules are the following domains: SH2, immunoglobulin, fibronectin type 3 and the ... Barclay AN (August 2003). "Membrane proteins with immunoglobulin-like domains--a master superfamily of interaction molecules". ... Porter RR (May 1973). "Structural studies of immunoglobulins". Science. 180 (4087): 713-6. Bibcode:1973Sci...180..713P. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_domain

Gottlieb, Paul David (1972). "The variability of immunoglobulins". elibrary.ru: 1. Kobler, John (1977). The Rockefeller ... "The covalent structure of a human gamma G-immunoglobulin. V. Partial amino acid sequence of the light chain". Biochemistry. 7 ( ... "The covalent structure of an entire gammaG immunoglobulin molecule". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ... "Variable regions of heavy and light polypeptide chains of the same gammaG-immunoglobulin molecule". Proceedings of the National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_David_Gottlieb

Immunoglobulins are of unclear benefit. Bronchiolitis typically affects infants and children younger than two years, ... Sanders, Sharon L; Agwan, Sushil; Hassan, Mohamed; van Driel, Mieke L; Del Mar, Chris B (26 August 2019). "Immunoglobulin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchiolitis

Solomon A (1985). "[6] Light chains of human immunoglobulins". Light chains of human immunoglobulins. Methods in Enzymology. ... There is approximately 40% excess immunoglobulin light-chain production over immunoglobulin heavy-chain synthesis. Possibly ... Immunoglobulin light chains that are circulating in serum in a free (unbound) state are called free light chains (FLCs). ... Each immunoglobulin light-chain molecule contains approximately 220 amino acids in a single polypeptide chain that is folded to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_free_light-chain_measurement

Gray, O.; McDonnell, G. V.; Forbes, R. B. (2003). "Intravenous immunoglobulins for multiple sclerosis". The Cochrane Database ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis_research

"Structure and function of immunoglobulins". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2010 Primer on Allergic and Immunologic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement-dependent_cytotoxicity

Scheinfeld, Noah (2019-08-05). "Intravenous Immunoglobulin". Intravenous Immunoglobulin. Medscape. Perumbeti, Ajay (2018-08-06 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_dysgenesis

The structure of immunoglobulin polypeptide chain is dictated and controlled by number of genes encoded in the germ line. ... Immunoglobulin+allotypes at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Genetics, Transplantation ... However, it is important to mention that not all variations in immunoglobulin amino acid sequence pose as a determinant ... Mage R, Lieberman R, Potter M, Terry WD (January 1973). "Immunoglobulin Allotypes". The Antigens. Academic Press. pp. 299-376. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotype_(immunology)

"Entrez Gene: IGJ immunoglobulin J polypeptide, linker protein for immunoglobulin alpha and mu polypeptides". Kiyono, Hiroshi; ... As part of a polymeric immunoglobulin (pIg), the J-chain is essential for binding of pIg to the pIgR, which forms the secretory ... It exhibits a standard immunoglobulin folding structure of two β-pleated sheets of four ribbons folded against one another. It ... Koshland ME (1986). "The coming of age of the immunoglobulin J chain". Annu. Rev. Immunol. 3: 425-53. doi:10.1146/annurev.iy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_chain

"The generation of diversity in immunoglobulins". Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease (5th ed.). New York: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-regulatory_element

Herndon, BL; Vlach, V; Dew, M; Willsie, SK (2004). "Helicobacter pylori-related immunoglobulins in sarcoidosis". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infections_associated_with_diseases

Vaccines, immunoglobulins, immunosuppressants, interferons, monoclonal antibodies. Anti-allergics, antihistamines, NSAIDs,[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medication

Blood Groups, Immunoglobulins, and Genetic Variation. Dennis H. O'Rourke. Pages 762-776. Anthropometry. Richard L. Jantz. Pages ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handbook_of_North_American_Indians

I. Serum immunoglobulins, antibodies and complement". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine. 7 (4): 349-52. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten-sensitive_enteropathy–associated_conditions

The mutation rate in antigen-binding coding sequences of the immunoglobulin genes is up to 1,000,000 times higher than in cell ... Teng, Grace; Papavasiliou, F. Nina (2007). "Immunoglobulin Somatic Hypermutation". Annual Review of Genetics. 41 (1): 107-120. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_mutation

IV immunoglobulin only). However, long-term remission without the use of cytotoxic and immune-suppressive therapies is unlikely ... Intravenous immunoglobulin is also used. Methotrexate and vincristine have also been used. Other medications include cytokine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemophagocytic_lymphohistiocytosis

Immunoglobulin+somatic+hypermutation at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Webarchive ... During B cell division the immunoglobulin variable region DNA is transcribed and translated. The introduction of mutations in ... Affinity maturation Anergy Immune system V(D)J recombination Immunoglobulin class switching Janeway, C.A.; Travers, P.; Walport ... This directed hypermutation allows for the selection of B cells that express immunoglobulin receptors possessing an enhanced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_hypermutation

House agrees with both Adams, orders treatment for GAD; steroids and immunoglobulin. Park follows House and tells him that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perils_of_Paranoia

"Entrez Gene: IGHG4 immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 4 (G4m marker)". McLean GR, Nakouzi A, Casadevall A, Green NS (Oct 2000 ... Hisajima H, Nishida Y, Nakai S, Takahashi N, Ueda S, Honjo T (May 1983). "Structure of the human immunoglobulin C epsilon 2 ... Ellison J, Buxbaum J, Hood L (1983). "Nucleotide sequence of a human immunoglobulin C gamma 4 gene". DNA. 1 (1): 11-8. doi: ... Ueda S, Nakai S, Nishida Y, Hisajima H, Honjo T (1984). "Long terminal repeat-like elements flank a human immunoglobulin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGHG4

... primarily occurs on membrane immunoglobulin of germinal center B cells and as a direct result of somatic ... Teng, G.; Papavasiliou, F.N. (2007). "Immunoglobulin Somatic Hypermutation". Annu. Rev. Genet. 41: 107-120. doi:10.1146/annurev ... of the immunoglobulin genes. The mutation rate is up to 1,000,000 times higher than in cell lines outside the lymphoid system. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_maturation

Immunoglobulin+Isotypes at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Overview at University of South ... In immunology, antibodies (immunoglobulins (Ig)) are classified into several types called isotypes or classes. The variable (V ... Stavnezer, Janet (1996). "Immunoglobulin Class Switching". Current Opinion in Immunology. 8 (2): 199-205. doi:10.1016/s0952- ... Wahren, B., Linde, G. A. (1983). "Virus-specific antibody activity of different subclasses of immunoglobulins G and A in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotype_(immunology)

Other classes of immunoglobulins such as IgM and IgA are present in approximately 20% of cases and usually are less intense. In ... Czernik A, Toosi S, Bystryn JC, Grando SA (February 2012). "Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of autoimmune bullous ... Anti-inflammatory drugs 3. Biologic therapy i. Intravenous immunoglobulin ii. Rituximab Among all, topical or systemic ... For refractory disease, biologic therapies such as intravenous immunoglobulin and Rituximab should be considered. [1,19,20] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemphigoid

"Immunoglobulins- antigen-antibody reactions and selected tests". Microbiology and Immunology. University of South Carolina ... region is formed from the amino-terminal end of both the light and heavy chains of the immunoglobulin polypeptide. This region ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-antibody_interaction

An immunoglobulins test measures the levels of certain antibodies in your blood. Abnormal levels can indicate a serious health ... What is an immunoglobulins blood test?. This test measures the amount of immunoglobulins in your blood. Immunoglobulins are ... Why do I need an immunoglobulins blood test?. You may need this test if you have symptoms that could mean your immunoglobulin ... An immunoglobulins test usually measures three main types of immunoglobulin (Ig) antibodies that do different jobs to protect ...

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunoglobulins-blood-test?utm_source=mplusconnect&utm_medium=application

... but commonly includes immunoglobulin M (IgM) deficiency. WAS always causes persistent thrombocytopenia and, in its complete ... Immunoglobulins. Class Summary. Provide functional immunoglobulins in patients whose ability to respond to bacterial antigens ... Intravenous immunoglobulin. Prevention and treatment of disease. JAMA. 1990 Dec 26. 264(24):3189-93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Selective immunoglobulin M (IgM) deficiency in two immunodeficient adults with recurrent staphylococcal pyoderma. Am J Med. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/137015-194474/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-immunoglobulins-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-wiskott-aldrich-syndrome

Rabies vaccines and immunoglobulins: WHO position: summary of 2017 updates World Health Organization (‎World Health ... WHO Expert Committee on the Use of Human Immunoglobulin; World Health Organization (‎Organización Mundial de la Salud, 1966)‎ ... Immunoglobulin standard preparations in replacement of hyperimmune animal sera : with special reference to anti-rabies, anti- ... Informal Meeting on Intravenous Immunoglobulins (‎Human)‎ 1982 : Geneva)‎; World Health Organization. Biologicals Unit (‎World ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?authority=Immunoglobulins&type=mesh

Intravenous immunoglobulin for post-polio syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2006 Jun. 5(6):493-500. [QxMD ... Intravenous immunoglobulin has been recently studied in the treatment of symptoms related to postpolio syndrome. Results show ... A study by Bertolasi et al found that a single 5-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin did not cause significant changes in ... A randomized controlled trial of IV immunoglobulin in patients with postpolio syndrome. J Neurol Sci. 2013 Jul 15. 330(1-2):94- ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/306920-medication

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Immunoglobulins&type=mesh

FIGURE 1. Number of specimens (N = 568) testing positive for West Nile virus immunoglobulin M antibodies, using one lot from a ... FIGURE 2. Number of persons (N = 518) testing positive for West Nile virus immunoglobulin M antibodies using one lot from a ... Alternative Text: The figure above shows the 568 specimens testing positive for West Nile virus immunoglobulin M antibodies, ... False-Positive Results with a Commercially Available West Nile Virus Immunoglobulin M Assay --- United States, 2008. In ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5817a2.htm

... and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. ... and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. ... Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various ... Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01299/full

E-mail your company news at:. news (at) financial.ge Letters to the Editor: editor (at) finchannel.com. Local Marketing contact:. (+99532) 2252 275 , 76 EXT: 1 (+995 558) 03 03 03 (mobile) marketing (at) finchannel.com. Requests from abroad:. (+99532) 2252 275 , 76 EXT: 7 (+995599) 96 52 52 Email: zviadi (@) finchannel.com Contact video editor: E-mail: video (at) financial.ge. Postal address: 17 Mtskheta str. Tbilisi, Georgia 0179 The FINANCIAL ...

https://finchannel.com/tag/anti-coronavirus-immunoglobulin/

Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are proteins the immune system makes to recognize and get rid of germs. ... An IgA test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common types of antibodies in the body. ...

https://www.kidshealth.org/InteractiveHealth/en/parents/test-iga.html?WT.ac=p-ra

Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs). Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs) may be used to control SLE with organ involvement or ... See Patient Information Sheet on Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs). Source: National Institutes of Health, U.S.Dept of Health ... https://theodora.com/lupus_central_station/intravenous_immunoglobulins_ivigs.html Copyright © 1995-2021 Photius Coutsoukis (All ...

https://theodora.com/lupus_central_station/intravenous_immunoglobulins_ivigs.html

immunoglobulin lambda constant 7provided by HGNC. Primary source. HGNC:HGNC:5861 See related. Ensembl:ENSG00000211685 IMGT/GENE ... Structure and expression of the human immunoglobulin lambda genes. Vasicek TJ, et al. J Exp Med, 1990 Aug 1. PMID 2115572, Free ... part_of immunoglobulin complex, circulating IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. more info ... Recognition of immunoglobulins by Fcgamma receptors. Radaev S, et al. Mol Immunol, 2002 May. PMID 11955599 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/28834

High-throughput sequencing analysis of hypermutating immunoglobulin (IG) repertoires remains a challenging task. Here we ... This protocol enables high-throughput sequencing analysis of the full-length immunoglobulin repertoires in human and mouse ... High-quality full-length immunoglobulin profiling with unique molecular barcoding. *M A Turchaninova1,2,3 na1, ... Onset of immune senescence defined by unbiased pyrosequencing of human immunoglobulin mRNA repertoires. PLoS One 7, e49774 ( ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nprot.2016.093?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d8c02869-7986-49a0-b82a-bf95ddd28dcf

On this page about Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin-VF (CSL) you will find information relating to side effects, age restrictions, ... Other medicines containing the same active ingredients: hepatitis b virus immunoglobulin *Can I take Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin ... Brand name: Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin-VF (CSL) TM. Active ingredients: hepatitis b virus immunoglobulin ... Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin-VF is indicated for post-exposure prophylaxis in persons who did not receive prior vaccination, or ...

https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicines/brand/amt,10641000168101/hepatitis-b-immunoglobulin-vf-csl

KEY FINDINGS The global immunoglobulin market is anticipated to rise with a CAGR of 6.87% across the forecast years of 2022 to ... subsequently increasing the need for immunoglobulin products for their treatment.. REGIONAL INSIGHTS. The global immunoglobulin ... The global immunoglobulin market is anticipated to rise with a CAGR of 6.87% across the forecast years of 2022 to 2030. The ... Immunoglobulins are characterized as antibodies that are produced naturally by the bodys immune system.They primarily help ...

https://www.reportlinker.com/p06289643/GLOBAL-IMMUNOGLOBULIN-MARKET-FORECAST.html

Structural analysis of a non-redundant data set of 47 immunoglobulin (Ig) proteins was carried out using a combination of ... Protein--protein recognition: juxtaposition of domain and interface cores in immunoglobulins and other sandwich-like proteins J ... Structural analysis of a non-redundant data set of 47 immunoglobulin (Ig) proteins was carried out using a combination of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15327963/

... Classification & external resources The dimeric IgA ... Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is a relatively mild genetic immunodeficiency. People with this deficiency lack ... It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Selective_immunoglobulin_A_deficiency". A list of authors is available in ... There is an inherited inability to produce immunoglobulin A (IgA), a part of the bodys defenses against infection at the ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Selective_immunoglobulin_A_deficiency.html

US-10287315-B2 chemical patent summary.

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patent/US-10287315-B2

Immunoglobulin (IgE). Many people have allergy-induced asthma, which means that their asthma symptoms are triggered by allergic ... These people have high levels of an allergy-causing antibody (a type of immune protein in the body) called immunoglobulin E ( ...

https://www.teenshealth.org/en/teens/immunoglobulin.html

Mouse IgG and IgA, with reactivity to dinitrophenol conjugated to carrier protein, have been isolated from myeloma proteins by means of a variety of affinity techniques. The IgA was predominantly in the dimeric form. The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of IgA-containing immune complexes were assessed in the rat. IgA-containing immune complexes were demonstrated, in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, to activate neutrophils and to generate O.-2. In addition, these immune complexes showed evidence of complement activation in vitro, by the use of immunofixation techniques. When IgA was instilled into the airways of rats and antigen was injected intravenously, acute lung injury occurred, as reflected by increases in lung permeability and morphological changes consisting of blebbing of endothelial cells, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and fibrin deposition. The lung changes were directly proportional to the amount of IgA instilled into the airways and failed to occur if intravenous injection of ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/111431/scanned-page/366

As a result of this decision, all stock of Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solutions in Australia will be recalled ... Adequate supplies of alternative intravenous immunoglobulin solution products are available for clinical use in Australia, and ... Doctors should cease using Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solutions immediately, and switch their patients to the most ... an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparation, manufactured by Octapharma in Europe. This product is supplied in Australia ...

https://www.tga.gov.au/octagam-intravenous-immunoglobulin-solutions

PeproTech the producer of high quality recombinant cytokines and growth factors supports life science research, cellular therapy and regenerative medicine.

https://www.peprotech.com/es/normal-mouse-igg

J:5763 Warner NL, et al., Allotypes of mouse IgM immunoglobulin. Nature. 1977 Feb 3;265(5593):447-9 ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:96448

The largest anibodies and the first to respomd to infections. ...

https://www.mitoaction.org/glossary/immunoglobulin-igm/

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the main effector of the mucosal immune system and provides an important first line of defense ... Mucosal immunoglobulins. Immunol Rev. 64-82. Review.. 2. Woof JM. & Kerr MA., 2007. The function of immunoglobulin A in ... Immunoglobulin A (IgA). Secretory IgA and the mucosal immune system. The mucosal surfaces represent the largest area of ... Immunoglobulin A (IgA), in its secretory form, is the main effector of the mucosal immune system and provides an important ...

https://www.invivogen.com/review-iga

News related to Gammaplex (Human Immunoglobulin G) and/or conditions it is approved for. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ...

http://www.druglib.com/druginfo/gammaplex/news/

Immunoglobulins. gamma-Globulins. Immunoglobulins, Intravenous. Rho(D) Immune Globulin. Immunologic Factors. Physiological ... Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) for Treatment of Unexplained Secondary Recurrent Miscarriage. The safety and scientific ... This clinical study will evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in improving the live birth rate in ... Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) for Treatment of Unexplained Secondary Recurrent Miscarriage: A Prospective, Randomized, ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00606905

According to the European Medicines Agency guideline on environmental risk assessments for pharmaceuticals (EMA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00), vitamins, electrolytes, amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids proteins, vaccines and herbal medicinal products are exempted because they are unlikely to result in significant risk to the environment. ...

https://janusinfo.se/beslutsstod/lakemedelochmiljo/pharmaceuticalsandenvironment/databaseenven/antidimmunoglobulinhuman.5.30a7505616a041a09b063146.html

All the latest news about intravenous immunoglobulin from Medical Xpress ...

https://medicalxpress.com/tags/intravenous+immunoglobulin/sort/date/12h/

More info for Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich. Timeline for Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich: *Fold b.1 ... Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich appears in SCOPe 2.03. *Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich appears in the ... Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich first appeared (with stable ids) in SCOP 1.55. *Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich ... Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich [48725] (28 superfamilies). sandwich; 7 strands in 2 sheets; greek-key. some ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=48725&ver=2.02

Immunoglobulins are also called antibodies. (medlineplus.gov)
IgM antibodies are the first immunoglobulins your body makes after you're exposed to germs. (medlineplus.gov)
An IgA test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common types of antibodies in the body. (kidshealth.org)
Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are proteins the immune system makes to recognize and get rid of germs . (kidshealth.org)
Immunoglobulins are characterized as antibodies that are produced naturally by the body's immune system.They primarily help fight diseases and infections. (reportlinker.com)
In the absence of normal IgA, the body can develop an immune response against IgA itself (anti-IgA antibodies), which can lead to severe reactions including anaphylaxis to blood transfusions or intravenous immunoglobulin . (bionity.com)
Detection and quantification of antibodies, especially immunoglobulin G (IgG), is a cornerstone of ELISAs, many diagnostics, and the development of antibody-based drugs. (houstonmethodist.org)
They carry enzymes, antibodies (immunoglobulins) and other proteins. (aidsmap.com)
Immunoglobulin therapy injects antibodies into the blood. (epnet.com)
The lateral flow assay detected immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies in 35 and 37 study group samples. (who.int)
After weekslong hospitalizations and ongoing psychiatric medications, the two UCSF patients, whose cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and anti-neural antibodies, were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, an immunomodulatory therapy that curbs inflammation in autoimmune disorders. (medicalxpress.com)
Clinical manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) diseases are caused by the release of proinflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins) from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-sensitized effector cells (mast cells and basophils) when cell-bound IgE antibodies interact with allergen. (mayocliniclabs.com)
The immunoglobulin elicits neutralizing antibodies and has a half-life of 21 days. (medscape.com)
The laboratory diagnosis is usually performed by testing the plasma or serum to detect the virus, viral nucleic acid or virus specific immunoglobulin M and neutralizing antibodies. (bvsalud.org)

Performing an early assessment of risk factors, infusing at a slow rate, premedicating, and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. (frontiersin.org)
Hence, many scholars began to explore intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations. (frontiersin.org)
The TGA has become aware of reports of a markedly increased incidence of serious adverse reactions associated with Octagam, an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparation, manufactured by Octapharma in Europe. (tga.gov.au)
This clinical study will evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in improving the live birth rate in couples who suffer from secondary recurrent miscarriage. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) use in non-approved indications, the increase in consumption and its high cost recommend rationalisation in its utilisation. (cun.es)
Increasing awareness of IRT options for patients with PIDs, which is given as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg), and the pros and cons of IVIg versus SCIg. (allergy.org.au)
This survey is aimed specifically at adults with PI who currently receive either Subcutaneous (SCIG) or Intravenous (IVIG) immunoglobulin replacement. (primaryimmune.org)
Purpose: Several side effects of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) therapy are known, but it has never been reported to be associated with cardiac rhythm abnormalities other than sinus tachycardia. (cmich.edu)
Although timely diagnosis and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) are critical to reduce the incidence of coronary artery aneurysms, 8 diagnosis of KD is still established based on clinical criteria supported by laboratory evidence of acute inflammation and there is no specific diagnostic test to aid the clinician. (lww.com)
Observational benefit has been suggested from oral immunosuppressants, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), rituximab, and tocilizumab. (elsevier.com)

Suspected PIDDs should be evaluated in a stepwise fashion, with initial, nonspecific testing that includes measurement of total serum immunoglobulin and evaluation of antibody titers. (arupconsult.com)
No defined blood test or tumour markers are currently available to diagnose this entity except serum immunoglobulin G4 which is costly and not feasible to get done in all patients especially in developing nations like India. (researchsquare.com)
Characterization of the optimal stimulatory effects of graves' monoclonal and serum immunoglobulin G on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate production in fRTL-5 thyroid cells: a potential clinical assay. (unipi.it)
In this study, homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A levels are found as the independent predictors of hepatic fibrosis. (uwi.edu)

People with this deficiency lack immunoglobulin A (IgA), a type of antibody that protects against infections of the mucous membranes lining the mouth, airways, and digestive tract. (bionity.com)
These people have high levels of an allergy-causing antibody (a type of immune protein in the body) called immunoglobulin E (IgE). (teenshealth.org)
An immunoglobulin E (IgE) test measures the level of IgE, a type of antibody. (connecticutchildrens.org)
A. Gardulf, (2007) Immunoglobulin treatment for primary antibody deficiencies: Advantages of the subcutaneous route. (scirp.org)
B. Hogy, H. O. Keinecke, M. Borte, (2005) Pharma-coeconomic evaluation of immunoglobulin treatment in patients with antibody deficiencies from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance. (scirp.org)
An antibody, also called immunoglobulin, is a protective protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance, called an antigen. (proteomicsresource.org)

Structural analysis of a non-redundant data set of 47 immunoglobulin (Ig) proteins was carried out using a combination of criteria: atom--atom contact compatibility, position occupancy rate, conservation of residue type and positional conservation in 3D space. (nih.gov)
Although albuminuria is most widely studied, higher molecular weight proteins such as immunoglobulins (Ig) are more associated with progression of renal disease. (bl.uk)
Immunoglobulin therapies are unique biologics and replace missing or functionally impaired proteins in individuals born with a range of genetic and often life-threatening diseases. (pptaglobal.org)

You don't need any special preparations for an immunoglobulins blood test. (medlineplus.gov)
These adverse effects are associated with specific immunoglobulin preparations and individual differences. (frontiersin.org)
Intramuscular immunoglobulin preparations were not widely applied because of their poor tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
Although thromboembolic events are a known rare adverse event associated with the administration of all intravenous immunoglobulin preparations, as described in the prescribing information for these products, there has recently been a steady accumulation of such events reported following administration of Octagam in Europe and the USA, with a marked increase in incidence noted during the last few months of 2010. (tga.gov.au)
Biomeda's immunoglobulin (IgG) preparations are used for affinity columns, blocking agents, and normal controls in a variety of immuno assays. (biomeda.com)
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparations derived from the sera of patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease (TSAb) as well as a monoclonal IgG derived from heterohybridoma fusions of Graves' lymphocytes augmented cAMP levels in a continuous strain of functioning rat thyroid cells (clone FRTL-5) in culture. (unipi.it)

A prospective study by Östlund et al indicated that patients with PPS who respond to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy tend prior to treatment to have reduced physical function, muscle atrophy in the lower extremities, and greater fatigue and pain levels, as well as a visual analogue scale score above 20. (medscape.com)
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy," by Geerts et al. (neurology.org)

2008) Subcutaneous versus intravenous immunoglobulin for primary immu-nodeficiencies: Systematic review and economic evalua-tion. (scirp.org)

In 1952, Bruton ( 12 ) was the first to use immunoglobulin to treat a patient identified as immunodeficient, and it later became a standard therapy for immunodeficiency diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Patients who receive immunoglobulin therapy are often treated with immunoglobulin in repeated infusions over a long period of time, and the incidence of adverse effects related to immunoglobulin varies across a wide range. (frontiersin.org)
Assisting GPs, paediatricians and other medical specialists to recognise the early signs of PID and refer patients to a clinical immunologist to confirm diagnosis and initiate treatment, including immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) if required. (allergy.org.au)
Share Your Experiences with Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy. (primaryimmune.org)
Early and prolonged intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in childhood agammaglobulinemia: a retrospective survey of 31 patients. (medscape.com)
Immediate therapy, provided prior to the administration of vaccine and immunoglobulin, consists of the thorough cleaning of all bite and scratch wounds with soap and water, 2% benzalkonium chloride, and/or a virucidal agent (ie, povidone-iodine solution). (medscape.com)

Recognition of immunoglobulins by Fcgamma receptors. (nih.gov)
The receptors studied include the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), the neonatal receptor (FcRn), the Fcα/μR, the classical IgG receptors (FcγR1, γIIa, γIIb, γIII and the related FcR γ-chain) and the classical IgA receptor (FcαR). (bl.uk)
In humans, CD94/NKG2A receptor and the variable killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) recognizing HLA I molecules on target cells are common inhibitory receptors. (miltenyibiotec.com)

CD3, also known as T3, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays a role in antigen recognition, signal transduction, and T cell activation. (biolegend.com)
The MRC OX-45 antigen of rat leukocytes and endothelium is in a subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily with CD2, LFA-3 and carcinoembryonic antigens. (hcdm.org)
2B4, the natural killer and T cell immunoglobulin superfamily surface protein, is a ligand for CD48. (hcdm.org)

Structure and expression of the human immunoglobulin lambda genes. (nih.gov)
They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES . (bvsalud.org)

Dive into the research topics of 'Protein A-Nanoluciferase fusion protein for generalized, sensitive detection of immunoglobulin G'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (houstonmethodist.org)

Provide functional immunoglobulins in patients whose ability to respond to bacterial antigens is abnormal and may inhibit platelet sequestration by the reticuloendothelial system. (medscape.com)
A study by Bertolasi et al found that a single 5-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin did not cause significant changes in fatigue, muscle strength, or pain in patients with PPS. (medscape.com)
Doctors should cease using Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solutions immediately, and switch their patients to the most appropriate alternative treatment. (tga.gov.au)
Patients and health care providers should report any adverse events that have occurred following administration of Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solution to the TGA via the Adverse Medicine Events Line (1300 134 237), online via ' Report a problem with a medicine ', or using the 'Blue Card' Prepaid Reporting Form . (tga.gov.au)
Data on the number of patients, immunoglobulin market shares and drug unit costs were derived from the IMS Health hospital disease database and from Belgian sources. (scirp.org)
Schwitzguébel AJ, Jandus P, Lacroix JS, Seebach JD, Harr T. Immunoglobulin deficiency in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: Systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. (medscape.com)
Patients and Methods: We describe the development of cardiac dysrhythmias during intravenous immunoglobulin G infusion in two children with thrombocytopenia. (cmich.edu)

The global immunoglobulin market is anticipated to rise with a CAGR of 6.87% across the forecast years of 2022 to 2030. (reportlinker.com)

Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is a relatively mild genetic immunodeficiency . (bionity.com)
It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Selective_immunoglobulin_A_deficiency" . (bionity.com)
Hong R, Gupta S. Selective immunoglobulin M deficiency in an adult with Streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis and invasive aspergillosis. (medscape.com)
Belgemen T, Suskan E, Dogu F, Ikinciogullari A. Selective Immunoglobulin M Deficiency Presenting with Recurrent Impetigo: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. (medscape.com)
Antar M, Lamarche J, Peguero A, Reiss A, Cole S. A case of selective immunoglobulin M deficiency and autoimmune glomerulonephritis. (medscape.com)
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in a patient with selective immunoglobulin M deficiency. (medscape.com)

Fortunately, rabies can be prevented by administering vaccine and immunoglobulin after an exposure occurs. (cdc.gov)
Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) consists of wound cleaning, vaccination, and administration of rabies immunoglobulin. (medscape.com)
Passive immunization with human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG, HyperRab S/D, KedRab, Imogam Rabies-HT) provides immediate protection. (medscape.com)

After eliminating conditions that may increase susceptibility to infection (eg, adenoid hypertrophy, cystic fibrosis , immunosuppression), an initial workup may include CBC, quantitative serum immunoglobulins, IgG vaccine titers, and complement testing. (arupconsult.com)

If you have too few immunoglobulins, you have an immunodeficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
You may need an immunoglobulins test if immunodeficiency runs in your family, or your health care provider thinks you may have a problem making normal levels of immunoglobulins. (medlineplus.gov)
Immunoglobulin has been widely used in a variety of diseases, including primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases, neuromuscular diseases, and Kawasaki disease. (frontiersin.org)
Applications involving immunoglobulin have expanded to include treatment for immunodeficiency diseases, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Kawasaki disease, and neurologic disorders (including Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, multiple myositis, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune encephalitis) ( 2 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
The aim of this study is to compute the budget impact of adopting Kiovig, a new ready-to-use 10% liquid immunoglobulin preparation, as a treatment for primary immunodeficiency from the perspective of the Belgian health care payer. (scirp.org)
The analysis compared the "world with Kiovig" to the "world without Kiovig" and calculated how a change in the mix of immunoglobulins used to treat primary immunodeficiency would impact drug spending during 2010-2014. (scirp.org)
This document is a source for ASCIA IRT e-training for health professionals which is available at https://immunodeficiency.ascia.org.au This e-training course was developed as part of the National Prescribing Service (NPS) MedicineWise ViP Immunoglobulin project. (allergy.org.au)

Predicted to enable antigen binding activity and immunoglobulin receptor binding activity. (nih.gov)
This study was aimed at defining molecular species of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in immune complexes with immunoglobulin M (IgM). (hindawi.com)

Immunoglobulins and systemic corticosteroids are indicated to treat thrombocytopenia. (medscape.com)

This survey aims to learn more about how we can improve the infusion experiences for those who depend on immunoglobulin. (primaryimmune.org)

Process that minimizes or prevents immunoglobulin-associated adverse reactions. (frontiersin.org)

Acute lung injury in rat caused by immunoglobulin A immune complexes. (jci.org)

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Immunoglobulin M (IgM) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (todayfinancialnews.com)

We studied the concentrations of IgA , IgM , IgG classes and IgG subclasses in a cohort of 1235 people having immunoglobulin concentrations within normal range to determine the presence of any correlation between the Igs serum concentrations, age and ratio among Ig classes and IgG subclasses in healthy humans . (bvsalud.org)
IMMUNOGLOBULIN M ) and various subclasses. (bvsalud.org)

In September 2008, CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and state health departments began a nationwide investigation into an increase in false-positive test results obtained with a commercially available West Nile virus (WNV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (cdc.gov)

2002. Multiple functions of immunoglobulin A in mucosal defense against viruses: an in vitro measles virus model. (invivogen.com)

Immunoglobulin A (IgA), in its secretory form, is the main effector of the mucosal immune system and provides an important first line of defense against most pathogens that invade the body at a mucosal surface [1] . (invivogen.com)
The best line of defense against invading pathogens in the newborn dairy calf is the immunoglobulins from colostrum that are absorbed in the small intestine. (scielo.sa.cr)

Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various adverse effects have been reported. (frontiersin.org)

Finally, by the same rule, B cells must first release M then G immunoglobulin on primary exposure. (neetexambooster.in)

Vaccines, sera, immunoglobulins : a practical handbook / Michael Pontecorvo. (who.int)

Secretory IgA (SIgA) represents the most abundant immunoglobulin of body secretions such as saliva, tears, colostrum and gastrointestinal secretions. (invivogen.com)

11 ) successfully developed a process for the large-scale production of human immunoglobulin. (frontiersin.org)
2007. Non-Human Transgenic Mammal for the Constant Region of the Class a Human Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain and Applications Thereof. (invivogen.com)
New insight of human-IgH 3'regulatory regions in immunoglobulins switch. (bvsalud.org)

Recent media reports have described access issues regarding immunoglobulin (Ig) therapies relied on by people living with primary immunodeficiencies. (pptaglobal.org)

Patient underwent extended cholecystectomy as it was a resectable disease.Final histopathology revealed immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) related cholecystitis which was confirmed after immunohistochemistry for CD 138 and IgG4.This disease could be managed conservatively by giving oral steroids ,if it has been picked up preoperatively and major surgical intervention have been avoided. (researchsquare.com)

Intravenous immunoglobulin for prophylaxis of neonatal sepsis in premature infants. (bmj.com)

2007. The function of immunoglobulin A in immunity. (invivogen.com)

They are comprised of two heavy ( IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS ) and two light chains ( IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS ) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. (bvsalud.org)

IgE is set apart from the other immunoglobulin isotypes by its very low plasma levels and short half-life. (jci.org)

Intravenous immunoglobulin has been recently studied in the treatment of symptoms related to postpolio syndrome. (medscape.com)
Hence, the growth in the elderly is set to augment the prevalence of age-related diseases, subsequently increasing the need for immunoglobulin products for their treatment. (reportlinker.com)
The aim of this treatment is to replace immunoglobulin to maintain normal Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, with the dose used individualised for each patient. (allergy.org.au)

They include biomarker-immunoglobulin M (IgM) complexes, which have been found in several neoplastic diseases, such as colorectal, liver, and prostate cancer [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

The global immunoglobulin market growth assessment comprises the evaluation of North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of World.The Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region during the forecast years. (reportlinker.com)

Serum immunoglobulins were within normal limits. (glomcon.org)

Anatomy24

Organisms13

Diseases30

Chemicals and Drugs101

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment39

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Removal of non-specific serum inhibitors of haemagglutination of rubella virus by treatment with dodecylamine-gel. (1/5906)

Staphylococcal protein A; its preparation and an application to rubella serology. (2/5906)

Cloning and functional studies of a novel gene aberrantly expressed in RB-deficient embryos. (3/5906)

NKp44, a triggering receptor involved in tumor cell lysis by activated human natural killer cells, is a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. (4/5906)

Detection of antibody to bovine syncytial virus and respiratory syncytial virus in bovine fetal serum. (5/5906)

Detection of small numbers of immature cells in the blood of healthy subjects. (6/5906)

Characterization of a novel rat brain glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein (Kilon), a member of the IgLON cell adhesion molecule family. (7/5906)

Characterization of an immunoglobin cDNA clone containing the variable and constant regions for the MOPC 21 kappa light chain. (8/5906)

Immunoglobulins

Immunoglobulin G

Immunoglobulin A

Immunoglobulin M

Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains

Immunoglobulins, Intravenous

Genes, Immunoglobulin

Immunoglobulin Light Chains

Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains

Immunoglobulin E

Immunoglobulin A, Secretory

Immunoglobulin Variable Region

Immunoglobulin mu-Chains

Immunoglobulin Isotypes

Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains

Immunoglobulin D

Immunoglobulin Constant Regions

Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments

B-Lymphocytes

Immunoglobulin Class Switching

Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains

Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments

Immunoglobulin J-Chains

Immunoglobulin Fragments

Immunoglobulin Allotypes

Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin

Immunoglobulin Joining Region

Antibodies, Bacterial

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Myeloma Proteins

Antibody Specificity

Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain

Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin

Plasmacytoma

Immunoglobulin delta-Chains

Immunoglobulin Switch Region

Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic

Immunoglobulin Idiotypes

gamma-Globulins

Antibodies, Viral

Molecular Sequence Data

Secretory Component

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Agammaglobulinemia

Antibody Formation

Base Sequence

Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes

Colostrum

Receptors, Fc

Immunization, Passive

Binding Sites, Antibody

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Antigen-Antibody Complex

Immunoelectrophoresis

Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain

Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte

Amino Acid Sequence

Staphylococcal Protein A

Immune Sera

Spleen

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Lymphocytes

Plasma Cells

Autoantibodies

Rabbits

Immunodiffusion

Genes, Immunoglobulin Light Chain

Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains

Antibodies

Hybridomas

Immunization

Cell Line

Gene Rearrangement

T-Lymphocytes

Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Light Chain

Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes

Antigens, Bacterial

IgA Deficiency