Immunoglobulin m. Medical search

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

The largest of polypeptide chains comprising immunoglobulins. They contain 450 to 600 amino acid residues per chain, and have molecular weights of 51-72 kDa.

Genes encoding the different subunits of the IMMUNOGLOBULINS, for example the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN GENES and the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES. The heavy and light immunoglobulin genes are present as gene segments in the germline cells. The completed genes are created when the segments are shuffled and assembled (B-LYMPHOCYTE GENE REARRANGEMENT) during B-LYMPHOCYTE maturation. The gene segments of the human light and heavy chain germline genes are symbolized V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant). The heavy chain germline genes have an additional segment D (diversity).

Immunoglobulin preparations used in intravenous infusion, containing primarily IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. They are used to treat a variety of diseases associated with decreased or abnormal immunoglobulin levels including pediatric AIDS; primary HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; SCID; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS infections in transplant recipients, LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC; Kawasaki syndrome, infection in neonates, and IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA.

Polypeptide chains, consisting of 211 to 217 amino acid residues and having a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa. There are two major types of light chains, kappa and lambda. Two Ig light chains and two Ig heavy chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) make one immunoglobulin molecule.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

One of the types of light chains of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa.

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. They have a molecular weight of approximately 72 kDa and they contain about 57 amino acid residues arranged in five domains and have more oligosaccharide branches and a higher carbohydrate content than the heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. It includes hypervariable regions (COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGIONS) and framework regions.

An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

The principle immunoglobulin in exocrine secretions such as milk, respiratory and intestinal mucin, saliva and tears. The complete molecule (around 400 kD) is composed of two four-chain units of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, one SECRETORY COMPONENT and one J chain (IMMUNOGLOBULIN J-CHAINS).

The classes of immunoglobulins found in any species of animal. In man there are nine classes that migrate in five different groups in electrophoresis; they each consist of two light and two heavy protein chains, and each group has distinguishing structural and functional properties.

A 15 kD "joining" peptide that forms one of the linkages between monomers of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M in the formation of polymeric immunoglobulins. There is one J chain per one IgA dimer or one IgM pentamer. It is also involved in binding the polymeric immunoglobulins to POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR which is necessary for their transcytosis to the lumen. It is distinguished from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN JOINING REGION which is part of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains.

An immunoglobulin which accounts for less than 1% of plasma immunoglobulin. It is found on the membrane of many circulating B LYMPHOCYTES.

A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

Crystallizable fragments composed of the carboxy-terminal halves of both IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fc fragments contain the carboxy-terminal parts of the heavy chain constant regions that are responsible for the effector functions of an immunoglobulin (COMPLEMENT fixation, binding to the cell membrane via FC RECEPTORS, and placental transport). This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.

The type (and only) species of RUBIVIRUS causing acute infection in humans, primarily children and young adults. Humans are the only natural host. A live, attenuated vaccine is available for prophylaxis.

The domains of the immunoglobulin molecules that are invariable in their amino acid sequence within any class or subclass of immunoglobulin. They confer biological as well as structural functions to immunoglobulins. One each on both the light chains and the heavy chains comprises the C-terminus half of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FAB FRAGMENT and two or three of them make up the rest of the heavy chains (all of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FC FRAGMENT)

One of the types of light chain subunits of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa.

Gene rearrangement of the B-lymphocyte which results in a substitution in the type of heavy-chain constant region that is expressed. This allows the effector response to change while the antigen binding specificity (variable region) remains the same. The majority of class switching occurs by a DNA recombination event but it also can take place at the level of RNA processing.

Antibodies found in adult RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS patients that are directed against GAMMA-CHAIN IMMUNOGLOBULINS.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

IMMUNOGLOBULINS on the surface of B-LYMPHOCYTES. Their MESSENGER RNA contains an EXON with a membrane spanning sequence, producing immunoglobulins in the form of type I transmembrane proteins as opposed to secreted immunoglobulins (ANTIBODIES) which do not contain the membrane spanning segment.

Partial immunoglobulin molecules resulting from selective cleavage by proteolytic enzymes or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

A genus of protozoa parasitic to birds and mammals. T. gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic animal parasites of man.

Heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G having a molecular weight of approximately 51 kDa. They contain about 450 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component covalently bound to the Fc fragment constant region. The gamma heavy chain subclasses (for example, gamma 1, gamma 2a, and gamma 2b) of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN G isotype subclasses (IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B) resemble each other more closely than the heavy chains of the other IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES.

The period of recovery following an illness.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

An acute infectious disease caused by the RUBELLA VIRUS. The virus enters the respiratory tract via airborne droplet and spreads to the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.

Allelic variants of the immunoglobulin light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) or heavy chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) encoded by ALLELES of IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Serologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red cell suspension. Reaction result is expressed as the smallest amount of antigen which causes complete inhibition of hemagglutination.

Specialized Fc receptors (RECEPTORS, FC) for polymeric immunoglobulins, which mediate transcytosis of polymeric IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN M into external secretions. They are found on the surfaces of epithelial cells and hepatocytes. After binding to IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, the receptor-ligand complex undergoes endocytosis, transport by vesicle, and secretion into the lumen by exocytosis. Before release, the part of the receptor (SECRETORY COMPONENT) that is bound to IMMUNOGLOBULIN A is proteolytically cleaved from its transmembrane tail. (From Rosen et al., The Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

A segment of the immunoglobulin heavy chains, encoded by the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES in the J segment where, during the maturation of B-LYMPHOCYTES; the gene segment for the variable region upstream is joined to a constant region gene segment downstream. The exact position of joining of the two gene segments is variable and contributes to ANTIBODY DIVERSITY. It is distinguished from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN J CHAINS; a separate polypeptide that serves as a linkage piece in polymeric IGA or IGM.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

Prenatal protozoal infection with TOXOPLASMA gondii which is associated with injury to the developing fetal nervous system. The severity of this condition is related to the stage of pregnancy during which the infection occurs; first trimester infections are associated with a greater degree of neurologic dysfunction. Clinical features include HYDROCEPHALUS; MICROCEPHALY; deafness; cerebral calcifications; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. Signs of a systemic infection may also be present at birth, including fever, rash, and hepatosplenomegaly. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p735)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.

Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.

A protein present in the cell wall of most Staphylococcus aureus strains. The protein selectively binds to the Fc region of human normal and myeloma-derived IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. It elicits antibody activity and may cause hypersensitivity reactions due to histamine release; has also been used as cell surface antigen marker and in the clinical assessment of B lymphocyte function.

Syphilis acquired in utero and manifested by any of several characteristic tooth (Hutchinson's teeth) or bone malformations and by active mucocutaneous syphilis at birth or shortly thereafter. Ocular and neurologic changes may also occur.

Unique genetically-controlled determinants present on ANTIBODIES whose specificity is limited to a single group of proteins (e.g., another antibody molecule or an individual myeloma protein). The idiotype appears to represent the antigenicity of the antigen-binding site of the antibody and to be genetically codetermined with it. The idiotypic determinants have been precisely located to the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of both immunoglobin polypeptide chains.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.

Abnormal immunoglobulins characteristic of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using an immunosorbent containing the homologous antigen or antibody.

Contagious infection with human B19 Parvovirus most commonly seen in school age children and characterized by fever, headache, and rashes of the face, trunk, and extremities. It is often confused with rubella.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

A phenomenon manifested by an agent or substance adhering to or being adsorbed on the surface of a red blood cell, as tuberculin can be adsorbed on red blood cells under certain conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Substances, usually of biological origin, that cause cells or other organic particles to aggregate and stick to each other. They include those ANTIBODIES which cause aggregation or agglutination of particulate or insoluble ANTIGENS.

Genes and gene segments encoding the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS. Gene segments of the heavy chain genes are symbolized V (variable), D (diversity), J (joining), and C (constant).

A programmed mutation process whereby changes are introduced to the nucleotide sequence of immunoglobulin gene DNA during development.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A viral encephalitis caused by the St. Louis encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, ST. LOUIS), a FLAVIVIRUS. It is transmitted to humans and other vertebrates primarily by mosquitoes of the genus CULEX. The primary animal vectors are wild birds and the disorder is endemic to the midwestern and southeastern United States. Infections may be limited to an influenza-like illness or present as an ASEPTIC MENINGITIS or ENCEPHALITIS. Clinical manifestations of the encephalitic presentation may include SEIZURES, lethargy, MYOCLONUS, focal neurologic signs, COMA, and DEATH. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p750)

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES.) They are formed from parts of the variable regions of FAB FRAGMENTS.

An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.

Molecules found on the surface of some, but not all, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, which recognize and combine with the Fc (crystallizable) portion of immunoglobulin molecules.

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN D. They have a molecular weight of approximately 64 kDa and they contain about 500 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component covalently bound to the Fc fragment constant region.

A genus of PICORNAVIRIDAE causing infectious hepatitis naturally in humans and experimentally in other primates. It is transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water. HEPATITIS A VIRUS is the type species.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

A site located in the INTRONS at the 5' end of each constant region segment of a immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene where recombination (or rearrangement) occur during IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASS SWITCHING. Ig switch regions are found on genes encoding all five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES) of IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS.

Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN A. They have a molecular weight of approximately 58 kDa and contain about 470 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component bound covalently to their Fc fragment constant region.

A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

The type species of ERYTHROVIRUS and the etiological agent of ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM, a disease most commonly seen in school-age children.

A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges may occur and lead to transient or permanent neurologic deficits (including a POLIOMYELITIS-like presentation); SEIZURES; COMA; and death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p751; Lancet 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1094-7)

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.

Serum globulins that migrate to the gamma region (most positively charged) upon ELECTROPHORESIS. At one time, gamma-globulins came to be used as a synonym for immunoglobulins since most immunoglobulins are gamma globulins and conversely most gamma globulins are immunoglobulins. But since some immunoglobulins exhibit an alpha or beta electrophoretic mobility, that usage is in decline.

Gram-negative helical bacteria, in the genus BORRELIA, that are the etiologic agents of LYME DISEASE. The group comprises many specific species including Borrelia afzelii, Borellia garinii, and BORRELIA BURGDORFERI proper. These spirochetes are generally transmitted by several species of ixodid ticks.

Specialized forms of antibody-producing B-LYMPHOCYTES. They synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin. They are found only in lymphoid organs and at sites of immune responses and normally do not circulate in the blood or lymph. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989, p169 & Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p20)

The type species of MORBILLIVIRUS and the cause of the highly infectious human disease MEASLES, which affects mostly children.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

A viral infection of the brain caused by serotypes of California encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, CALIFORNIA) transmitted to humans by the mosquito AEDES triseriatus. The majority of cases are caused by the LA CROSSE VIRUS. This condition is endemic to the midwestern United States and primarily affects children between 5-10 years of age. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; VOMITING; HEADACHE; and abdominal pain followed by SEIZURES, altered mentation, and focal neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13)

The extracellular moiety of the POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR found alone or complexed with IGA or IGM, in a variety of external secretions (tears, bile, colostrum.) Secretory component is derived by proteolytic cleavage of the receptor during transcytosis. When immunoglobulins IgA and IgM are bound to the receptor, during their transcytosis secretory component becomes covalently attached to them generating SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN A or secretory IMMUNOGLOBULIN M.

A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.

An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.

A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process. The larger fragment C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE), which is the etiological agent of Japanese encephalitis found in Asia, southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.

A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A species of the genus FLAVIVIRUS which causes an acute febrile and sometimes hemorrhagic disease in man. Dengue is mosquito-borne and four serotypes are known.

Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.

A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE), which is the etiologic agent of ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS in the United States, the Caribbean, and Central and South America.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Allelic variants of the gamma-immunoglobulin heavy chain (IMMUNOGLOBULIN GAMMA-CHAINS) encoded by ALLELES of IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates.

Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.

An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.

Conditions characterized by the presence of M protein (Monoclonal protein) in serum or urine without clinical manifestations of plasma cell dyscrasia.

A genus of aerobic, helical spirochetes, some species of which are pathogenic, others free-living or saprophytic.

Virus diseases caused by the TOGAVIRIDAE.

Cells of the lymphoid series that can react with antigen to produce specific cell products called antibodies. Various cell subpopulations, often B-lymphocytes, can be defined, based on the different classes of immunoglobulins that they synthesize.

Ordered rearrangement of B-lymphocyte variable gene regions of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS, thereby contributing to antibody diversity. It occurs during the first stage of differentiation of the IMMATURE B-LYMPHOCYTES.

Ordered rearrangement of B-lymphocyte variable gene regions coding for the IMMUNOGLOBULIN CHAINS, thereby contributing to antibody diversity. It occurs during the differentiation of the IMMATURE B-LYMPHOCYTES.

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. This activity needs to be distinguished from the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy, which is measured by a SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST.

Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HEPATITIS A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.

A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.

A species of ALPHAVIRUS that is the etiologic agent of encephalomyelitis in humans and equines in the United States, southern Canada, and parts of South America.

Atypical gamma immunoglobulins characterized by their irreversible heat denaturation at 56-degrees C. Pyroprecipitation is inhibited at pH below 3 and above 9. The presence of pyroglobulins in the serum is the cause of pyroglobulinemia. They are frequently present in multiple myeloma and the pyroglobulin precipitate binds complement, reacts with rheumatoid factor, produces passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, generalized passive anaphylaxis and passive Arthus-type phenomena.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Infections of the brain caused by arthropod-borne viruses (i.e., arboviruses) primarily from the families TOGAVIRIDAE; FLAVIVIRIDAE; BUNYAVIRIDAE; REOVIRIDAE; and RHABDOVIRIDAE. Life cycles of these viruses are characterized by ZOONOSES, with birds and lower mammals serving as intermediate hosts. The virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) or TICKS. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, alterations of mentation, focal neurologic deficits, and COMA. (From Clin Microbiol Rev 1994 Jan;7(1):89-116; Walton, Brain's Diseases of the Nervous System, 10th ed, p321)

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

A group of ALPHAVIRUS INFECTIONS which affect horses and man, transmitted via the bites of mosquitoes. Disorders in this category are endemic to regions of South America and North America. In humans, clinical manifestations vary with the type of infection, and range from a mild influenza-like syndrome to a fulminant encephalitis. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp8-10)

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

A subcomponent of complement C1, composed of six copies of three polypeptide chains (A, B, and C), each encoded by a separate gene (C1QA; C1QB; C1QC). This complex is arranged in nine subunits (six disulfide-linked dimers of A and B, and three disulfide-linked homodimers of C). C1q has binding sites for antibodies (the heavy chain of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M). The interaction of C1q and immunoglobulin activates the two proenzymes COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S, thus initiating the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION via the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY.

The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.

The causative agent of venereal and non-venereal syphilis as well as yaws.

Proteins that bind to particles and cells to increase susceptibility to PHAGOCYTOSIS, especially ANTIBODIES bound to EPITOPES that attach to FC RECEPTORS. COMPLEMENT C3B may also participate.

The type species of RUBULAVIRUS that causes an acute infectious disease in humans, affecting mainly children. Transmission occurs by droplet infection.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

Virus infections caused by the PARVOVIRIDAE.

Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.

Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk.

Abnormal immunoglobulins, especially IGG or IGM, that precipitate spontaneously when SERUM is cooled below 37 degrees Celsius. It is characteristic of CRYOGLOBULINEMIA.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

A positive-stranded RNA virus species in the genus HEPEVIRUS, causing enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (HEPATITIS E).

A species of ALPHAVIRUS causing encephalomyelitis in Equidae and humans. The virus ranges along the Atlantic seaboard of the United States and Canada and as far south as the Caribbean, Mexico, and parts of Central and South America. Infections in horses show a mortality of up to 90 percent and in humans as high as 80 percent in epidemics.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Any of numerous agile, hollow-horned RUMINANTS of the genus Capra, in the family Bovidae, closely related to the SHEEP.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE containing several subgroups and many species. Most are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks. The type species is YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.

Genes and gene segments encoding the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS. Gene segments of the light chain genes are designated as V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant).

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN E. They have a molecular weight of approximately 72 kDa and they contain about 550 amino acid residues arranged in five domains and about three times more carbohydrate than the heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.

Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A gram-negative, rod-shaped to coccoid bacterium. It is the etiologic agent of SCRUB TYPHUS in humans and is transmitted by mites from rodent reservoirs.

A deep type of gyrate erythema that follows a bite by an ixodid tick; it is a stage-1 manifestation of LYME DISEASE. The site of the bite is characterized by a red papule that expands peripherally as a nonscaling, palpable band that clears centrally. This condition is often associated with systemic symptoms such as chills, fever, headache, malaise, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, backache, and stiff neck.

The sequential activation of serum COMPLEMENT PROTEINS to create the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Factors initiating complement activation include ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES, microbial ANTIGENS, or cell surface POLYSACCHARIDES.

A species in the genus HEPATOVIRUS containing one serotype and two strains: HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS and Simian hepatitis A virus causing hepatitis in humans (HEPATITIS A) and primates, respectively.

The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS A ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

Ordered rearrangement of B-lymphocyte variable gene regions coding for the kappa or lambda IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS, thereby contributing to antibody diversity. It occurs during the second stage of differentiation of the IMMATURE B-LYMPHOCYTES.

An acute infectious disease caused by ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI. It is limited to eastern and southeastern Asia, India, northern Australia, and the adjacent islands. Characteristics include the formation of a primary cutaneous lesion at the site of the bite of an infected mite, fever lasting about two weeks, and a maculopapular rash.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.

Incorrect diagnoses after clinical examination or technical diagnostic procedures.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A.

Complement activation initiated by the binding of COMPLEMENT C1 to ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES at the COMPLEMENT C1Q subunit. This leads to the sequential activation of COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S subunits. Activated C1s cleaves COMPLEMENT C4 and COMPLEMENT C2 forming the membrane-bound classical C3 CONVERTASE (C4B2A) and the subsequent C5 CONVERTASE (C4B2A3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

Features of the immune response to DNA in mice. I. Genetic control. (1/9010)

The genetic control of the immune response to DNA was studied in various strains of mice F1 hybrids and corresponding back-crosses immunized with single stranded DNA complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin. Anti-DNA antibody response was measured by radioimmuno-logical technique. High responder, low responder, and intermediate responder strains were found and the ability to respond to DNA was characterized as a dominant genetic trait which is not linked to the major locus of histocompatibility. Studies in back-crosses suggested that this immune response is under multigenic control. High responder mice produce both anti-double stranded DNA and anti-single stranded DNA 7S and 19S antibodies, while low responder mice produce mainly anti-single stranded DNA 19S antibodies. (+info)

Skeletal muscle type ryanodine receptor is involved in calcium signaling in human B lymphocytes. (2/9010)

The regulation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in B cells remains poorly understood and is presently explained almost solely by inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-mediated Ca2+ release, followed by activation of a store-operated channel mechanism. In fact, there are reports indicating that IP3 production does not always correlate with the magnitude of Ca2+ release. We demonstrate here that human B cells express a ryanodine receptor (RYR) that functions as a Ca2+ release channel during the B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-stimulated Ca2+ signaling process. Immunoblotting studies showed that both human primary CD19(+) B and DAKIKI cells express a 565-kDa immunoreactive protein that is indistinguishable in molecular size and immunoreactivity from the RYR. Selective reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and sequencing of cloned cDNA indicated that the major isoform of the RYR expressed in primary CD19(+) B and DAKIKI cells is identical to the skeletal muscle type (RYR1). Saturation analysis of [3H]ryanodine binding yielded Bmax = 150 fmol/mg of protein and Kd = 110 nM in DAKIKI cells. In fluo-3-loaded CD19(+) B and DAKIKI cells, 4-chloro-m-cresol, a potent activator of Ca2+ release mediated by the ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channel, induced Ca2+ release in a dose-dependent and ryanodine-sensitive fashion. Furthermore, BCR-mediated Ca2+ release in CD19(+) B cells was significantly altered by 4-chloro-m-cresol and ryanodine. These results indicate that RYR1 functions as a Ca2+ release channel during BCR-stimulated Ca2+ signaling and suggest that complex Ca2+ signals that control the cellular activities of B cells may be generated by cooperation of the IP3 receptor and RYR1. (+info)

Human triclonal anti-IgG gammopathy. I. Iso-electric focusing characteristics of the IgG, IgA and IgM anti-IgG and their heavy and light chains. (3/9010)

Human IgG, IgA and IgM anti-IgG autoantibodies have been isolated from the serum of an individual with Felty's syndrome. These were initially noted as soluble circulating serum complexes by analytical ultracentrifugation. Isolation was accomplished by solid phase immunoadsorption and each of the three antibody populations obtained was shown to be of restricted heterogeneity by liquid and polyacrylamide gel electrofocussing methods. Type kappa light chains were obtained from each protein. Co-isoelectric focusing experiments of all possible pairs of these light chains showed them to have identical net charge characteristics. Heavy chains obtained from each protein were also monoclonal and of differing isoelectric point. The availability of this serum provides a human model with which to study the changes which may occur in autoantibodies during the autoimmune response. (+info)

Pre-mRNA splicing of IgM exons M1 and M2 is directed by a juxtaposed splicing enhancer and inhibitor. (4/9010)

Splicing of certain pre-mRNA introns is dependent on an enhancer element, which is typically purine-rich. It is generally thought that enhancers increase the use of suboptimal splicing signals, and one specific proposal is that enhancers stabilize binding of U2AF65 to weak polypyrimidine (Py) tracts. Here, we test this model using an IgM pre-mRNA substrate, which contains a well-characterized enhancer. Although the enhancer was required for in vitro splicing, we found it had no effect on U2AF65 binding. Unexpectedly, replacement of the natural IgM Py tract, branchpoint, and 5' splice site with consensus splicing signals did not circumvent the enhancer requirement. These observations led us to identify a novel regulatory element within the IgM M2 exon that acts as a splicing inhibitor; removal of the inhibitor enabled splicing to occur in the absence of the enhancer. The IgM M2 splicing inhibitor is evolutionarily conserved, can inhibit the activity of an unrelated, constitutively spliced pre-mRNA, and acts by repressing splicing complex assembly. Interestingly, the inhibitor itself forms an ATP-dependent complex that contains U2 snRNP. We conclude that splicing of IgM exons M1 and M2 is directed by two juxtaposed regulatory elements-an enhancer and an inhibitor-and that a primary function of the enhancer is to counteract the inhibitor. (+info)

Innate and acquired humoral immunities to influenza virus are mediated by distinct arms of the immune system. (5/9010)

"Natural" Igs, mainly IgM, comprise part of the innate immune system present in healthy individuals, including antigen-free mice. These Igs are thought to delay pathogenicity of infecting agents until antigen-induced high affinity Igs of all isotypes are produced. Previous studies suggested that the acquired humoral response arises directly from the innate response, i.e., that B cells expressing natural IgM, upon antigen encounter, differentiate to give rise both to cells that secrete high amounts of IgM and to cells that undergo affinity maturation and isotype switching. However, by using a murine model of influenza virus infection, we demonstrate here that the B cells that produce natural antiviral IgM neither increase their IgM production nor undergo isotype switching to IgG2a in response to the infection. These cells are distinct from the B cells that produce the antiviral response after encounter with the pathogen. Our data therefore demonstrate that the innate and the acquired humoral immunities to influenza virus are separate effector arms of the immune system and that antigen exposure per se is not sufficient to increase natural antibody production. (+info)

Dietary effect of EPA-rich and DHA-rich fish oils on the immune function of Sprague-Dawley rats. (6/9010)

The dietary effect of fish oils (FOs) rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the immune function of Sprague-Dawley rats was compared with that of safflower oil. After 3 weeks of feeding at the 10% level of a dietary fat, the IgG and IgM production by splenocytes and IgG production by mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymphocytes were significantly higher in the FO-fed rats, while no significant difference was found in IgA or IgE productivity by both the spleen and MLN lymphocytes. In the FO-fed rats, peritoneal exudate cells released a lower amount of LTB4, reflecting their lower arachidonic acid level, and a higher amount of LTB5, reflecting their higher EPA level in phospholipids. On these EPA-rich FO exerted a stronger effect than DHA-rich FO immune functions. (+info)

Immunodeficiency due to a unique protracted developmental delay in the B-cell lineage. (7/9010)

A unique immune deficiency in a 24-month-old male characterized by a transient but protracted developmental delay in the B-cell lineage is reported. Significant deficiencies in the number of B cells in the blood, the concentrations of immunoglobulins in the serum, and the titers of antibodies to T-dependent and T-independent antigens resolved spontaneously by the age of 39 months in a sequence that duplicated the normal development of the B-cell lineage: blood B cells followed by immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, IgA, and specific IgG antibodies to T-independent antigens (pneumococcal polysaccharides). Because of the sequence of recovery, the disorder could have been confused with other defects in humoral immunity, depending on when in the course of disease immunologic studies were conducted. Investigations of X-chromosome polymorphisms suggested that the disorder was not X linked in that the mother appeared to have identical X chromosomes. An autosomal recessive disorder involving a gene that controls B-cell development and maturation seems more likely. In summary, this case appears to be a novel protracted delay in the development of the B-cell lineage, possibly due to an autosomal recessive genetic defect. (+info)

Predominant immunoglobulin A response to phase II antigen of Coxiella burnetii in acute Q fever. (8/9010)

Diagnosis of acute Q fever is usually confirmed by serology, on the basis of anti-phase II antigen immunoglobulin M (IgM) titers of >/=1:50 and IgG titers of >/=1:200. Phase I antibodies, especially IgG and IgA, are predominant in chronic forms of the disease. However, between January 1982 and June 1998, we observed anti-phase II antigen IgA titers of >/=1:200 as the sole or main antibody response in 10 of 1,034 (0.96%) patients with acute Q fever for whom information was available. In order to determine whether specific epidemiological or clinical factors were associated with these serological profiles, we conducted a retrospective case-control study that included completion of a standardized questionnaire, which was given to 40 matched controls who also suffered from acute Q fever. The mean age of patients with elevated phase II IgA titers was significantly higher than that usually observed for patients with acute Q fever (P = 0.026); the patients were also more likely than controls to live in rural areas (P = 0.026) and to have increased levels of transaminase in blood (P = 0.03). Elevated IgA titers are usually associated with chronic Q fever and are directed mainly at phase I antigens. Although the significance of our findings is unexplained, we herein emphasize the fact that IgA antibodies are not specific for chronic forms of Q fever and that they may occasionally be observed in patients with acute disease. Moreover, as such antibody profiles may not be determined by most laboratories, which test only for total antibody titers to phase I and II antigens, the three isotype-specific Ig titers should be determined as the first step in diagnosing Q fever. (+info)

Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs). Intravenous immunoglobulins may be used to control SLE with organ involvement, or ... "Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs) in Lupus Central Station, sourced from the National Institute of Arthritis and ... Direct immunofluorescence can detect deposits of immunoglobulins and complement proteins in the people's skin. When skin not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus

Human immunoglobulins[edit]. *Rho(D) immune globulin (anti-D immunoglobulin). *Anti-rabies immunoglobulin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Health_Organization_Essential_Medicines

Immunoglobulin G[edit]. Hideo Matsumoto, professor emeritus at Osaka Medical College tested Gm types, genetic markers of ... Matsumoto, Hideo (2009). "The origin of the Japanese race based on genetic markers of immunoglobulin G.". Proceedings of the ... immunoglobulin G, of Khmer people for a 2009 study.[33] The study found that the Gm afb1b3 is a southern marker gene possibly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmers

Synthetic (recombinant or cell-clone) human immunoglobulins can now be made, and for several reasons (including the risk of ... known as antibodies or immunoglobulins. This was first performed (and is still sometimes performed) by taking blood from a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_induction_of_immunity

Immunoglobulin. Immunoglobulin, modulates the immune system.. IV. N/A. Varies Methotrexate. Antifolate; inhibits dihydrofolate ... Infusion-related reactions, infection, neutropenia, reduced immunoglobulin levels, arrhythmias, less commonly anaemia, ... intravenous immunoglobulin, rituximab, sirolimus, alefacept, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib, nilotinib, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scleroderma

J06BB Specific immunoglobulins[szerkesztés]. J06BB01 Anti-D (rh) immunoglobulin. J06BB02 Tetanus immunoglobulin. J06BB03 ... J06BB13 Pertussis immunoglobulin. J06BB14 Morbilli immunoglobulin. J06BB15 Parotitis immunoglobulin. J06BB16 Palivizumab. ... J06BB10 Diphtheria immunoglobulin. J06BB11 Hepatitis A immunoglobulin. J06BB12 Encephalitis, tick borne immunoglobulin. ... J06BB05 Rabies immunoglobulin. J06BB06 Rubella immunoglobulin. J06BB07 Vaccinia immunoglobulin. J06BB08 Staphylococcus ...

https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_J06_–_Immunszérumok_és_immunglobulinok

Examples include intravenous immunoglobulin and propofol. Blood-based products[edit]. Saline and 5% glucose solution (Left), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous

Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per litre. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it closely approximates isotonic, that is, physiologically normal, solution); although neither of those names is technically accurate (because normal saline is not exactly like blood serum), they convey the practical effect usually seen: good fluid balance with minimal hypotonicity or hypertonicity. NS is used frequently in intravenous drips (IVs) for people who cannot take fluids orally and have developed or are in danger of developing dehydration or hypovolemia. NS is also used for aseptic purpose. NS is typically the first fluid used when hypovolemia is severe enough to threaten the adequacy of blood circulation, and has long been believed to be the safest fluid to give quickly in large volumes. However, it is now known that rapid infusion of NS can cause metabolic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_

PICCs can remain in situ for extended periods of time, from seven days to 4 months [4] up to 12 months although little information is available with respect to viability timeframes. They are used in both the hospital and community settings. PICCs can be used for intravenous delivery of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), chemotherapy, antibiotics or other medications, and can also be used for blood sampling if the lumen is 4 French or larger in size (Arrow and Bard manufacturers guidelines). To maintain patency, PICC management should include regular flushing with normal saline and "locking" with Heparin or normal saline when not in use. The type of locking procedure depends on the type of PICC and bung; Groshong PICCs have a three-way valve at the tip so the use of a heparin lock is not necessary, and there are no clamps on the external length. In comparison, Arrow PICCs have clamps on the exterior line and require a heparin lock. The use of heparin to maintain line patency, though, is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PICC_line

Ringer's lactate has an osmolarity of 273 mOsm L−1.[12] The lactate is metabolized into bicarbonate by the liver, which can help correct metabolic acidosis. Ringer's lactate solution alkalinizes via its consumption in the citric acid cycle, the generation of a molecule of carbon dioxide which is then excreted by the lungs. They increase the strong ion difference in solution, leading to proton consumption and an overall alkalinizing effect.[13] The solution is formulated to have concentrations of potassium and calcium that are similar to the ionized concentrations found in normal blood plasma. To maintain electrical neutrality, the solution has a lower level of sodium than that found in blood plasma or normal saline.[4] Generally, the source of the constituent ions is a mixture of sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium lactate (CH3CH(OH)CO2Na), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and potassium chloride (KCl), dissolved into distilled water. Ringer's solution has the same constituents without the sodium lactate, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringer's_lactate_solution

... immunoglobulin (TIG),[1] also called tetanus antibodies or tetanus antitoxin.[31] It can be given as intravenous ... Tetanus immunoglobulin 3 or more doses of tetanus toxoid containing vaccine AND less than 5 years since last dose No indication ... In such cases, it can be given with or without tetanus immunoglobulin (also called tetanus antibodies or tetanus antitoxin[31] ... Human tetanus immunoglobulin injected intrathecally (increases clinical improvement from 4% to 35%) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus

... (RL), also known as sodium lactate solution and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water.[1] It is used for replacing fluids and electrolytes in those who have low blood volume or low blood pressure.[2] It may also be used to treat metabolic acidosis in cases other than those caused by lactic acidosis and to wash the eye following a chemical burn.[2][3] It is given by injection into a vein or applied to the affected area.[2][3]. Side effects may include allergic reactions, high blood potassium, volume overload, and high blood calcium.[2] It may not be suitable for mixing with certain medications and some recommend against use in the same infusion as a blood transfusion.[4] Ringer's lactate solution has a lower rate of acidosis as compared with normal saline.[1][4] Use is generally safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding.[2] Ringer's lactate solution is in the crystalloid family of medication.[5] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactated_Ringer

by immunoglobulins: immunoglobulin therapy *by monoclonal antibodies: monoclonal antibody therapy. *by urine: urine therapy ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapy

Only a limited number of emulsifiers are commonly regarded as safe to use for parenteral administration, of which the most important is lecithin.[medical citation needed] Lecithin can be biodegraded and metabolized, since it is an integral part of biological membranes, making it virtually non-toxic. Other emulsifiers can only be excreted via the kidneys,[citation needed] creating a toxic load. The emulsifier of choice for most fat emulsions used for parenteral nutrition is a highly purified egg lecithin,[36] due to its low toxicity and complete integration with cell membranes. Use of egg-derived emulsifiers is not recommended for people with an egg allergy due to the risk of reaction. In situations where there is no suitable emulsifying agent for a person at risk of developing essential fatty acid deficiency, cooking oils may be spread upon large portions of available skin for supplementation by transdermal absorption. Another type of fat emulsion Omegaven is being used experimentally within the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenteral_nutrition

Somatic recombination of immunoglobulins, also known as V(D)J recombination, involves the generation of a unique immunoglobulin ... The membrane-bound form of an antibody may be called a surface immunoglobulin (sIg) or a membrane immunoglobulin (mIg). It is ... Further information: Immunoglobulin light chain. In mammals there are two types of immunoglobulin light chain, which are called ... An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig),[1] is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

Unlike immunoglobulins, however, TCR genes do not undergo somatic hypermutation, and T cells do not express activation-induced ... In this way the MHC-TCR-CD3 interaction for T cells is functionally similar to the antigen(Ag)-immunoglobulin(Ig)-FcR ... The TCR is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, a large group of proteins involved in binding, recognition, and adhesion ... Each chain is composed of two extracellular domains: Variable (V) region and a Constant (C) region, both of Immunoglobulin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell_receptor

... both members of the immunoglobulin superfamily with an immunoglobulin variable (IgV)-like extracellular domain connected to the ... The structure was determined to have an immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich folding and 114 amino acid residues. 2% of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD8

Immunoproliferative immunoglobulin disorders}}. Medicine. Immune disorders, Immunoproliferative immunoglobulin disorders (D89, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Djd/sandbox/MedNav/Pathology_templates

Paired-immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB), an MHCI-binding receptor, is involved in the regulation of visual plasticity.[5] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHC_class_I

Transmembrane receptors: immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors. Antibody receptor:. Fc receptor. Epsilon (ε). *FcεRI ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_

The immunoglobulin variable (IgV) domain of D1 adopts an immunoglobulin-like β-sandwich fold with seven β-strands in 2 β-sheets ... It has four immunoglobulin domains (D1 to D4) that are exposed on the extracellular surface of the cell: *D1 and D3 resemble ... immunoglobulin binding. • protein binding. • coreceptor activity. • interleukin-16 binding. • interleukin-16 receptor activity ... Like many cell surface receptors/markers, CD4 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD4+

... three extracellular immunoglobulin domains of the C2-type that it uses to bind antibody, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD64_

Surgical resection is usually ineffective because of the depth of the tumour. Treatment with irradiation and corticosteroids often only produces a partial response and tumour recurs in more than 90% of patients. Median survival is 10 to 18 months in immunocompetent patients, and less in those with AIDS. The addition of IV methotrexate and folinic acid (leucovorin) may extend survival to a median of 3.5 years. If radiation is added to methotrexate, median survival time may increase beyond 4 years. However, radiation is not recommended in conjunction with methotrexate because of an increased risk of leukoencephalopathy and dementia in patients older than 60.[10] In AIDS patients, perhaps the most important factor with respect to treatment is the use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), which affects the CD4+ lymphocyte population and the level of immunosuppression.[11] The optimal treatment plan for patients with PCNSL has not been determined. Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNS_lymphoma

Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Barker-Collo S, Bartels DH, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C, Burch M, Burney P, Carapetis J, Chen H, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahodwala N, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ezzati M, Feigin V, Flaxman AD, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Franklin R, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gonzalez-Medina D, Halasa YA, Haring D, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hoen B, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucemia

... (NHL) is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphomas.[1] Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss and tiredness.[1] Other symptoms may include bone pain, chest pain or itchiness.[1] Some forms are slow-growing, while others are fast-growing.[1] Lymphomas are types of cancer that develop from lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.[2] Risk factors include poor immune function, autoimmune diseases, Helicobacter pylori infection, hepatitis C, obesity and Epstein-Barr virus infection.[1][3] The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies lymphomas into five major groups, including one for Hodgkin's lymphoma.[6] Within the four groups for NHL, there are over 60 specific types of lymphoma.[7][8] Diagnosis is by examination of a bone marrow or lymph node biopsy.[1] Medical imaging is done to help with cancer staging.[1] Treatment depends on whether the lymphoma is slow- or fast-growing and if it is in one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Hodgkin

Normal B cells of a germinal center possess rearranged immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes, and each isolated B cell ... and the production and class-switching of immunoglobulins.[11] MiRNAs influence B cell maturation, generation of pre-, marginal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkitt's_lymphoma

CD5, surface immunoglobulin[1] Occurs in older adults. Usually involves lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen. Most patients have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoid_leukemia

... was first described in an 1832 report by Thomas Hodgkin, although Hodgkin noted that perhaps the earliest reference to the condition was provided by Marcello Malpighi in 1666.[42][11] While occupied as museum curator at Guy's Hospital, London, Hodgkin studied seven patients with painless lymph node enlargement. Of the seven cases, two were patients of Richard Bright, one was of Thomas Addison, and one was of Robert Carswell.[42] Carswell's report of this seventh patient was accompanied by numerous illustrations that aided early descriptions of the disease.[43] Hodgkin's report on these seven patients, entitled "On some morbid appearances of the absorbent glands and spleen", was presented to the Medical and Chirurgical Society in London in January 1832 and was subsequently published in the society's journal, Medical-Chirurgical Society Transactions.[42] Hodgkin's paper went largely unnoticed, however, even despite Bright highlighting it in an 1838 publication.[42] Indeed, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodgkins_lymphoma

Activated B-Cell Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, or ABC-DLBCL, is believed to be caused by aberrant activation of a critical intracellular pathway. This intracellular signaling pathway involved in B-cell activation and proliferation stays constantly activated, driving lymphocytes to proliferate continuously. The inhibition of this pathway can be induced by a drug known as NEMO Binding Domain, or NBD, a peptide causing increased cell death of malignant lymphocytes.[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_B-cell_lymphoma

The clinical presentation varies according to the type of ALCL. Two of the ALCL subtypes are systemic lymphomas, in that they usually present with enlarged lymph nodes in multiple regions of the body, or with tumors outside the lymph nodes (extranodal) such as bone, intestine, muscle, liver, or spleen. These 2 subtypes usually associate with weight loss, fevers and night sweats, and can be lethal if left untreated without chemotherapy.[2] The third type of ALCL is so-called cutaneous ALCL, and is a tumor that presents in the skin as ulcers that may persist, or occasionally may involute spontaneously, and commonly recur. This type of ALCL usually manifests in different regions of the body and may extend to regional lymph nodes, i.e., an axillary lymph node if the ALCL presents in the arm.[3] A rare subtype of ALCL has been identified in women who have textured silicone breast implants (protheses). This is known as breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, or BIA-ALCL. It can occur ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaplastic_large-cell_lymphoma

Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are proteins the immune system makes to recognize and get rid of germs. ... An IgA test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common types of antibodies in the body. ...

https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-iga.html

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) "isotype") that has only been found in mammals. IgE is ... Presence of a unique immunoglobulin as a carrier of reaginic activity". J. Immunol. 97 (1): 75-85. PMID 4162440.. ... Winter WE, Hardt NS, Fuhrman S (2000). "Immunoglobulin E: importance in parasitic infections and hypersensitivity responses". ... Johansson SG, Bennich H. Immunological studies of an atypical (myeloma) immunoglobulin. Immunology 1967; 13:381-94. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E_antibodies

Immunoglobulin therapy, also known as normal human immunoglobulin (NHIG), is the use of a mixture of antibodies ( ... Some believe that immunoglobulin therapy may work via a multi-step model where the injected immunoglobulin first forms a type ... Although immunoglobulin is frequently used for long periods of time and is generally considered safe, immunoglobulin therapy ... an immunoglobulin infusion may pass a virus to its recipient.[16] Some immunoglobulin solutions also contain isohemagglutinins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous_immunoglobulin

... one of the most common immunoglobulins, it is mainly present in body secretions and is the chief antibody in the mucous ... One of the five classes of immunoglobulins; one of the most common immunoglobulins, it is mainly present in body secretions and ... One of the five classes of immunoglobulins; ... Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) * Immunophenotyping by Flow ...

https://labtestsonline.org/glossary/iga

One of the five classes of immunoglobulins; it is present in small amounts in serum and is thought to function in certain ... One of the five classes of immunoglobulins; it is present in small amounts in serum and is thought to function in certain ...

https://labtestsonline.org/glossary/igd

The International Symposium on the Immunoglobulin A System was organized in observance of the twenty-fifth anni- versary of the ... Immunoglobulin A was chosen as the sub- ject of the Symposium because of its broad scope in relation to all biologic sciences, ... antibody antigen bacteria dentistry genetics immune system immunity immunization immunoglobulin infection planning prevention ... The International Symposium on the Immunoglobulin A System was organized in observance of the twenty-fifth anni- versary of the ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4613-4550-3

An IgA test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common antibodies in the body. Antibodies are ...

https://kidshealth.org/ChildrensAlabamaXML/en/parents/test-iga.html?WT.ac=ctg

The plasma cells switch from producing IgM to IgG or to another immunoglobulin class. The switch involves a change in the H ... The genes coding for these diverse range of immunoglobulins however are limited and do not number similar to the variety of ... The variable region of each immunoglobulin heavy or light chain is encoded in several pieces on the genes. These are called ... This process results in an immunoglobulin gene that encodes an antibody of a different isotype. ...

https://www.news-medical.net/health/Antibody-Immunoglobulin-Diversity.aspx

Immunoglobulin d definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it ... immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin D, immunoglobulin E, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, immunohematology, ... Words nearby immunoglobulin D. immunogenetics, immunogenic, immunogenicity, immunoglobulin, ...

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/immunoglobulin-d

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of protein in the body called an antibody. ... Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of protein in the body called an antibody. As part of the immune ...

https://www.kidshealth.org/Nemours/en/parents/immunoglobulin.html?WT.ac=p-ra

Immunoglobulin genes. [T Honjo; Frederick W Alt; T H Rabbitts;] -- Immunoglobin Genes is the first comprehensive book on the ... Immunoglobulin a schema:Intangible ;. schema:name "Genes, Immunoglobulin"@en ;. . ... Immunoglobulin genes. Author:. T Honjo; Frederick W Alt; T H Rabbitts. Publisher:. London ; San Diego : Academic Press, ©1989. ... Immunoglobulin genes/T Honjo; Frederick W Alt; T H Rabbitts;; London ; San Diego : Academic Press, ©1989. ...

http://www.worldcat.org/title/immunoglobulin-genes/oclc/597383510

Immunoglobulin (IgE). Many people have allergy-induced asthma, which means that their asthma symptoms are triggered by allergic ... These people have high levels of an allergy-causing antibody (a type of immune protein in the body) called immunoglobulin E ( ...

https://www.kidshealth.org/Nemours/en/teens/immunoglobulin.html?WT.ac=p-ra

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is characterized by predominant IgA deposition in the glomerular mesangium.{ref1} It is one ... What is immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy?. Updated: Feb 15, 2018 * Author: Sohail Abdul Salim, MD, FASN, FACP; Chief Editor: ... Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is characterized by predominant IgA deposition in the glomerular mesangium. [1] It is one of ... Guideline] Chapter 10: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2012 Jun. 2 (2):209-217. [Medline]. [Full Text]. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/239927-81328/what-is-immunoglobulin-a-iga-nephropathy

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) holds the highest share (44%) in the global blood plasma market, with a revenue of $9.24 billion. ... Immunoglobulin (Ig) therapies are among the oldest therapeutic moieties employed in a broad range of pathological conditions. ... Immunoglobulin G (IgG) holds the highest share (44%) in the global blood plasma market, with a revenue of $9.24 billion. ... Immunoglobulin (Ig) therapies are among the oldest therapeutic moieties employed in a broad range of pathological conditions. ...

http://www.frost.com/sublib/display-report.do?id=9837-00-C5-00-00&bdata=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5mcm9zdC5jb20vc3VibGliL3N1YnNjcmlwdGlvbi1pbmRleC5kbz9wYWdlU2l6ZT0xMiZzdWJzY3JpcHRpb25JZD05QTQzLUIxJnBhZ2U9OEB%2BQExpZmUgU2NpZW5jZXMsIEluZHVzdHJ5IFJlc2VhcmNoLCBHbG9iYWxAfkAxNTEwMzYyOTcyMjU4&subscriptionId=9A43-B1

... immunoglobulin deficiency - Answer: Most people with selective IgA (immunoglobulin) deficiency have no ... ... Home › Q & A › Questions › Immunoglobulin Deficiency -.... Immunoglobulin Deficiency - symptoms of deficiency?. Asked. 29 Nov ... Immunoglobulin Deficiency - Is ivig safe and how long do I have to use it?. Posted 23 Oct 2011 • 2 answers ... Most people with selective IgA (immunoglobulin) deficiency have no symptoms.. Some people with this condition have chronic ...

https://www.drugs.com/answers/immunoglobulin-deficiency-symptoms-of-deficiency-143062.html

FRANGIONE, B., MILSTEIN, C. & FRANKLIN, E. Immunoglobulins: Chemical Typing of Immunoglobulins. Nature 221, 149-151 (1969). ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/221149a0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=074f505e-d980-4f1e-85a5-369a08bb8e0d

For health professionals : Refer a patient : Laboratory Services : Test Table : Immunoglobulin-G, Serum ...

https://www.legacyhealth.org/for-health-professionals/refer-a-patient/laboratory-services/test-table/immunoglobulin-g-serum

... Semi-Quantitative Bioassay Quantitative Chemiluminescent Immunoassay Send Out. Negative or ...

https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/specialties/laboratory-services/lab-test-directory/thyroid-stimulating-immunoglobulin

Antenatal prophylaxis with anti-D immunoglobulin. BMJ 1989; 299 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.299.6704.920 (Published 07 ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/299/6704/920.2/submit-a-rapid-response

Antenatal prophylaxis with anti-D immunoglobulin British Medical Journal 1989; 299 :920 ... Antenatal prophylaxis with anti-D immunoglobulin. British Medical Journal 1989; 299 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.299.6704. ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/299/6704/920.2?tab=article-alert

The structure of immunoglobulin superfamily domains 1 and 2 of MAdCAM-1 reveals novel features important for integrin ... The structure of immunoglobulin superfamily domains 1 and 2 of MAdCAM-1 reveals novel features important for integrin ... MAdCAM-1 belongs to a subclass of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), the members of which are ligands for integrins [PMID: ... 9655832]. The crystal structure of this domain has been reported; it adopts an immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich structure, ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR015169

IgG stands for immunoglobulin G, a type of antibody. Antibodies are proteins made by the immune system to fight viruses, ... URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/csf-immunoglobulin-g-igg-index/ CSF Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Index. ... Other names: cerebrospinal fluid IgG level, cerebrospinal fluid IgG measurement, CSF IgG level, IgG (Immunoglobulin G) spinal ... www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/immunoglobulins/hw41342.html#hw41354 ...

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/csf-immunoglobulin-g-igg-index/

... deficiency is a defect of humoral immunity that is characterized by abnormally low serum levels of IgD immunoglobulins. Little ... encoded search term (Immunoglobulin%20D%20Deficiency) and Immunoglobulin D Deficiency What to Read Next on Medscape. Medscape ... Immunoglobulin D Deficiency. Updated: Sep 13, 2016 * Author: Camellia L Hernandez, MD; Chief Editor: Michael A Kaliner, MD more ... Immunoglobulin D (IgD) deficiency is a defect of humoral immunity that is characterized by abnormally low serum levels of IgD ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/136803-overview

IVIG combines immunoglobulin from the blood of many people to boost, this is used to boost the patients immune system to fight ... About Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) What is immunoglobulin?. An immunoglobulin is also known as an antibody. It is a ... Immunoglobulin can be collected from the plasma of donated blood. It takes the plasma from thousands of people to make a dose ... There are some immunoglobulin products that are given by an injection into the muscle (called IM) or under the skin (called ...

https://www.oncolink.org/cancer-treatment/oncolink-rx/intravenous-immunoglobulin-ivig

Make research projects and school reports about immunoglobulin easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia ... The main immunoglobulin of blood, lymph, and tissue fluid is immunoglobulin G (IgG). It binds to microorganisms, promoting ... immunoglobulin Protein found in the blood that plays a role in the immune system. Immunoglobulins act as antibodies for ... immunoglobulin An antibody secreted by B cells.. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biochemistry/biochemistry/immunoglobulin

Total immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is defined as an undetectable serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) level at a value < 5 mg/dL ... Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease and is the most common of the primary ... encoded search term (Immunoglobulin A Deficiency) and Immunoglobulin A Deficiency What to Read Next on Medscape. Related ... Immunoglobulin A Deficiency Medication. Updated: May 15, 2018 * Author: Marina Y Dolina, MD; Chief Editor: Michael A Kaliner, ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/136580-medication

An immunoglobulin light chain protein was isolated from the urine of an individual (BRE) with systemic amyloidosis. Complete ... An immunoglobulin light chain protein was isolated from the urine of an individual (BRE) with systemic amyloidosis. Complete ... Tertiary structure of an amyloid immunoglobulin light chain protein: a proposed model for amyloid fibril formation.. Schormann ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1bre

An immunoglobulins test measures the levels of certain antibodies in your blood. Abnormal levels can indicate a serious health ... What is an immunoglobulins blood test?. This test measures the amount of immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, in your ... An immunoglobulins test usually measures three specific types of immunoglobulins. They are called igG, igM, and IgA. If your ... Why do I need an immunoglobulins blood test?. You may need this test if your health care provider thinks your immunoglobulin ...

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunoglobulins-blood-test/

Immunoglobulin G, Qn, Serum. 2465-3. 001776. Immunoglobulin G, Qn, Serum. mg/dL. 2465-3. ... Immunoglobulin G is the major antibody containing protein fraction of blood. With significant decreases in IgG level, on either ... patients with repeated infection should have their immunoglobulins, and specifically IgG, measured. Therapy with exogenous γ- ...

https://www.labcorp.com/test-menu/29401/immunoglobulin-g-quantitative

Immunoglobulin D, Quant, Serum. 2460-4. 002178. Immunoglobulin D, Quant, Serum. mg/dL. 2460-4. ...

https://www.labcorp.com/test-menu/29381/immunoglobulin-d-quantitative

An IgA test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common types of antibodies in the body. (kidshealth.org)
Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are proteins the immune system makes to recognize and get rid of germs . (kidshealth.org)
Immunoglobulin therapy , also known as normal human immunoglobulin ( NHIG ), is the use of a mixture of antibodies (immunoglobulins) to treat a number of health conditions. (wikipedia.org)
The genes coding for these diverse range of immunoglobulins however are limited and do not number similar to the variety of antibodies. (news-medical.net)
immunoglobulin One of a group of proteins ( globulins ) in the body that act as antibodies . (encyclopedia.com)
This test measures the amount of immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, in your blood. (medlineplus.gov)
Immunoglobulin G antibodies are the only antibodies that pass from mother to fetus through the placenta. (thefreedictionary.com)
Elevated immunoglobulin levels mean that the body's immune system has produced antibodies in response to a threat, such as bacteria, viruses, fungus, animal dander or cancer cells. (reference.com)
Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, attach themselves to foreign objects so that the immune system can destroy them, notes WebMD. (reference.com)
Produced by the body's immune system, antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped proteins that help identify and remove antigens and other for. (reference.com)
amysamp - I see your thinking, that you may need to replenish the IgA if it is high and therefore chronically fighting the infection therefore you might need new immunoglobulin antibodies to continue the fight. (wisegeek.com)
How great are these immunoglobulin antibodies? (wisegeek.com)
Here, we describe a method for rapid and consistent global characterization of leachable metal- or peroxide-stressed immunoglobulin (lg) G1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). (genengnews.com)
An immunoglobulins test is done to measure the level of immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies , in your blood. (cigna.com)
PhysOrg.com) -- Like a blood-borne army, immunoglobulin G belongs to a class of antibodies that binds to viruses, fungi, bacteria and other foreign particles to initiate their destruction. (phys.org)
Immunoglobulins are commonly known as antibodies . (chegg.com)
Immunoglobulin A is one class of a group of immunoglobulin proteins known as antibodies. (embracepetinsurance.com)
IgA (shorthand for Immunoglobulin A) is a class of antibodies that works to protect the surfaces of the body from the most immediate, superficial kind of invaders. (embracepetinsurance.com)
Stimulation of resting B lymphocytes with antibodies to surface immunoglobulin (sIgD or sIgM) induces protein tyrosine phosphorylation, implicating one or more B-cell protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in sIg signal transduction. (pnas.org)
When you are given an immunoglobulin, your body uses antibodies from other people's blood plasma to help prevent illness. (wellspan.org)
Treatments for some cancers can cause the body to stop producing its own antibodies, making immunoglobulin treatment necessary. (wellspan.org)
Zoster Immunoglobulin-VF contains protein substances called antibodies which can provide protection against the virus causing chickenpox and shingles. (nps.org.au)

Immunoglobulin E ( IgE ) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) " isotype ") that has only been found in mammals . (wikipedia.org)
one of the most common immunoglobulins, it is mainly present in body secretions and is the chief antibody in the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract and in saliva and tears. (labtestsonline.org)
This process results in an immunoglobulin gene that encodes an antibody of a different isotype. (news-medical.net)
Retrieved on May 22, 2019 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/Antibody-Immunoglobulin-Diversity.aspx. (news-medical.net)
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of protein in the body called an antibody. (kidshealth.org)
These people have high levels of an allergy-causing antibody (a type of immune protein in the body) called immunoglobulin E (IgE). (kidshealth.org)
IgG stands for immunoglobulin G, a type of antibody. (medlineplus.gov)
An immunoglobulin is also known as an antibody. (oncolink.org)
Immunoglobulin M ( IgM ) is the first antibody to be produced following immunization or infection. (encyclopedia.com)
Immunoglobulin D ( IgD ) is present in serum in very low concentrations, but occurs on the surface of antibody-secreting B cells, whose activity it may regulate. (encyclopedia.com)
Anti-D immunoglobulin treatment for thrombocytopenia associated with primary antibody deficiency. (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulin G is the major antibody containing protein fraction of blood. (labcorp.com)
Immunoglobulin A ( IgA , also referred to as sIgA in its secretory form) is an antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune function of mucous membranes . (wikipedia.org)
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is one of several isotypes of antibody (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
Immunoglobulin, abbreviated at Ig, is also referred to as antibody. (wisegeek.com)
Immunoglobulin M , or IgM for short, is a basic antibody that is present on B cells . (bionity.com)
It is also the first immunoglobulin expressed in the fetus (around 20 weeks) and also phylogenetically the earliest antibody to develop. (bionity.com)
An antibody , also known as an immunoglobulin , is a large Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. (phys.org)
the terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably. (phys.org)
The gut characteristically produces gram quantities of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody, which is presumed to protect the gut from pathogen attack. (sciencemag.org)
9. The composition of claim 1, wherein said immunoglobulins exhibit increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. (freepatentsonline.com)
17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 14, wherein said immunoglobulins comprise an antibody which binds to an antigen selected from the group consisting of growth factors, FGFR, EGFR, VEGF, leukocyte antigens, CD20, CD33, cytokines, TNF-α and TNF-β. (freepatentsonline.com)
Immunoglobulin is a blood/plasma product, which is prepared from the serum of multiple of donors, used to treat patients with antibody deficiency. (medgadget.com)
Prevalence of various antibody deficiency disorders such as common variable immune deficiency (CVID), specific antibody deficiency, and hypogammaglobulinemia, increase in immunoglobulin indications, improved production & purification processes, growth in awareness towards antibody deficiency, and rare immune disorders among patient population drive the growth of the Immunoglobulin market. (medgadget.com)
A monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E antibody used in the treatment of severe asthma and chronic idiopathic urticaria. (drugbank.ca)
Immunoglobulin D ( IgD ) is an antibody isotype that makes up about 1% of proteins in the plasma membranes of immature B-lymphocytes where it is usually coexpressed with another cell surface antibody called IgM . (wikidoc.org)
Allergic (extrinsic) asthma is associated with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-an antibody generated by the immune system, in this case, in response to a normally harmless substance. (verywellhealth.com)

Immunoglobulin Deficiency - Is ivig safe and how long do I have to use it? (drugs.com)
IVIG (Intravenous immunoglobulin)? (drugs.com)
OKLAHOMA CITY , Sept. 12, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- A subset of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who have an immune abnormality, may benefit from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment, according to new research from Richard E. Frye , MD, PhD, Chief of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at the Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital. (prnewswire.com)
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is beneficial in other autoimmune diseases. (nih.gov)
To review the literature on the use and efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in glomerulonephritis and to evaluate the nephrotoxic effect of IVIG. (nih.gov)
What are the "off-label" uses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in neurology? (medscape.com)
To determine whether high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is more effective than placebo in restoring lost visual function (visual acuity) in optic neuritis (ON). (clinicaltrials.gov)
The TGA has become aware of reports of a markedly increased incidence of serious adverse reactions associated with Octagam, an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparation, manufactured by Octapharma in Europe. (tga.gov.au)
Brooklyn, NY -- ( SBWIRE ) -- 11/01/2017 -- QYResearchReports.com has announced the addition of a report titled, "Global Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) Market Research Report 2017" to its depository. (sbwire.com)
The improvement in the production of IVIg on account of technological advancements is another key catalyst of the market for intravenous immunoglobulin. (sbwire.com)
The exorbitant costs of IVIg technology might also emerge as another restraint of the market for intravenous immunoglobulin. (sbwire.com)

A preparation containing immunoglobulin proteins, especially immune globulin. (yourdictionary.com)
The new vaccine worked well whether it contained interleukin-2 and immunoglobulin G proteins or the genes encoding these proteins. (thefreedictionary.com)
Proteins in this superfamily contain varying numbers of immunoglobulin-like domains and are thought to participate in the regulation of interactions between cells. (nih.gov)
A purified form of human immunoglobulin G and other proteins used to treat immunodeficiency and a wide variety of autoimmune disorders. (drugbank.ca)

The variable region of each immunoglobulin heavy or light chain is encoded in several pieces on the genes. (news-medical.net)
More recently, expression of engineered immunoglobulin genes in tissue culture can be used to produce IgM with specific alternations and thus to identify the molecular requirements for features of interest. (wikipedia.org)
The technique should also lead to the cloning of antigen-binding specificities directly from immunoglobulin genes. (pnas.org)
Predicting the onset of AL is highly challenging, as each patient carries a different pathogenic LC sequence resulting from a unique rearrangement of variable (V) and joining (J) immunoglobulin genes and a unique set of somatic mutations (SMs) acquired during B cell affinity maturation 9 (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
The bovine x mouse hybrid cells can be expected to provide bovine monoclonal immunoglobulins for sequencing studies and for use as serological standards as well as to provide messenger RNA for cloning bovine immunoglobulin genes. (sciencemag.org)

Immunoglobulins include light chains and heavy chains. (wikipedia.org)
Because of the less-than-robust response to therapy and impact on choice of optimal chemotherapy and prognosis, chronic kidney disease has drawn attention in the treatment of multiple myeloma, a malignant hematologic disorder that can produce significant amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs). (jci.org)
Serological levels of free immunoglobulin light chains (FLCs), produced in excess of heavy chains during synthesis of immunoglobulins by plasma cells, can be considered a direct marker of B cell activity in different systemic inflammatory-autoimmune conditions and may represent a useful predictor of rituximab (RTX) therapeutic efficacy, as reported for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. (hindawi.com)
In systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL), pathogenic monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (LC) form toxic aggregates and amyloid fibrils in target organs. (nature.com)
Systemic light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is a monoclonal gammopathy characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a plasma cell clone producing large amounts of pathogenic immunoglobulin free light chains (LCs) 1 . (nature.com)
Structural elements of immunoglobulin light chains are depicted on top of the sequences (FR1 = framework 1, CDR1 = complementary determining region 1, FR2 = framework 2, CDR2 = complementary determining region 2, FR3 = framework 3, CDR3 = complementary determining region 3, FR4 = framework 4). (nature.com)
Structural elements of immunoglobulin light chains are shown on the left. (nature.com)
They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. (drugbank.ca)

Favorable Outcome of Severe, Extensive, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor-Induced, Corticosteroid-Resistant Sweet's Syndrome Treated With High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin. (medscape.com)

Immunoglobulin Deficiency - symptoms of deficiency? (drugs.com)
Most people with selective IgA (immunoglobulin) deficiency have no symptoms. (drugs.com)
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) deficiency is a defect of humoral immunity that is characterized by abnormally low serum levels of IgD immunoglobulins. (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) has no specific treatment. (medscape.com)
Favre O, Leimgruber A, Nicole A, Spertini F. Intravenous immunoglobulin replacement prevents severe and lower respiratory tract infections, but not upper respiratory tract and non-respiratory infections in common variable immune deficiency. (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulin A Deficiency is a topic covered in the Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics . (unboundmedicine.com)
5minute , www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/Select-5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/14162/all/Immunoglobulin_A_Deficiency. (unboundmedicine.com)
When IgA is determined to be deficient in dogs, the condition may be diagnosed as "selective immunoglobulin A deficiency. (embracepetinsurance.com)

The immunoglobulin market size accounted for $9,972.9 million in 2017, and is projected to reach $16,694.7 million by 2025, registering a CAGR of 6.6% from 2018 to 2025. (medgadget.com)

as such, the molecular weight of slgA is 385,000D. One of these is the J chain (joining chain), which is a polypeptide of molecular mass 15kD, rich with cysteine and structurally completely different from other immunoglobulin chains. (wikipedia.org)
Immunoglobulins are made of four protein chains. (chegg.com)
There is provided an isolated immunoglobulin comprising two heavy polypeptide chains sufficient for the formation of a complete antigen binding site or several antigen binding sites, wherein the immunoglobulin is further devoid of light polypeptide chains. (freepatentsonline.com)

The high prevalence of IgA in mucosal areas is a result of a cooperation between plasma cells that produce polymeric IgA (pIgA), and mucosal epithelial cells that express an immunoglobulin receptor called the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR). (wikipedia.org)
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein said immunoglobulins exhibit decreased binding affinity for an FcγRIIb receptor. (freepatentsonline.com)
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein said immunoglobulins exhibit increased binding affinity for an FcγRIII receptor. (freepatentsonline.com)
again this FeRn receptor, is taking that immunoglobulin from the lumenside. (coursera.org)

The IgG test is used to measure the level of immunoglobulin G in the body. (healthtestingcenters.com)

After bone marrow transplant, it may be given to patients that have low levels of immunoglobulin. (oncolink.org)
For adults, elevated levels of immunoglobulin E or IgE are above 423 international units per milliliter of blood, according to WebMD. (reference.com)

The structure of immunoglobulin superfamily domains 1 and 2 of MAdCAM-1 reveals novel features important for integrin recognition. (ebi.ac.uk)
this (µL)2 structure is often referred to as the IgM "monomer", as it is analogous in some ways to the structure of immunoglobulin G (IgG). (wikipedia.org)

The definition of immunoglobulin is a protein that fights against disease. (yourdictionary.com)

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. (jove.com)

Overall, 2% of patients who had received IV immunoglobulin for various indications were affected, compared with 4.1% of controls who had not received the treatment ( P =0.002), Howard Fillit, MD, of Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, and colleagues reported in the July 21 issue of Neurology . (medpagetoday.com)

Loh RK, Vale S, Maclean-Tooke A. Quantitative serum immunoglobulin tests. (medlineplus.gov)
See the table of normal serum immunoglobulin ranges. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Serum immunoglobulin profiles of septicemic versus healthy neonates. (biomedsearch.com)

The Immunoglobulin E (IgE) ELISA Kit is for the quantitative determination of IgE in human serum. (mpbio.com)

Your search returned 4 immunoglobulin superfamily, member 10 Biomolecules across 2 suppliers. (biocompare.com)

We have designed a set of oligonucleotide primers to amplify the cDNA of mouse immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable domains by the polymerase chain reaction. (pnas.org)

The V domains of normal immunoglobulin are highly heterogeneous, reflecting their role in protecting against the great variety of infectious microbes, and this heterogeneity impeded detailed structural analysis of IgM. (wikipedia.org)
Normal immunoglobulin E, or IgE, levels in children are 10 international units per milliliter for 1-year-olds. (reference.com)

[4] This represents up to 15% of total immunoglobulins produced throughout the body. (wikipedia.org)

To the extent that the experiments reflect the human condition, these studies offer insights into the pathogenesis of progressive kidney failure in the setting of lymphoproliferative disorders, such as multiple myeloma, that feature increased circulating levels of monoclonal immunoglobulin fragments that require metabolism by the kidney. (jci.org)

Dantal J. Intravenous immunoglobulins: in-depth review of excipients and acute kidney injury risk. (medscape.com)
High-dose intravenous immunoglobulins: an approach to treat severe immune-mediated and autoimmune diseases of the skin. (medscape.com)
Intravenous immunoglobulins improve survival in monoclonal gammopathy-associated systemic capillary-leak syndrome. (medscape.com)
The aim of this study is to study the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins for inducing remission in patients relapsing of systemic vasculitides. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Global Immunoglobulin Market Size 2017 Industry Trend and Forecast. (mynewsdesk.com)
The Global And China Immunoglobulin Industry 2017 Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Immunoglobulin industry. (mynewsdesk.com)

In the 1960s, methods were developed for inducing immunoglobulin-producing tumors (plasmacytomas) in mice, thus also providing a source of homogeneous immunoglobulins of various isotypes, including IgM (reviewed in). (wikipedia.org)

Immunoglobulin therapy is also used in some treatment protocols for secondary immunodeficiencies such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), some autoimmune disorders (such as immune thrombocytopenia and Kawasaki disease ), some neurological diseases ( multifocal motor neuropathy , stiff person syndrome , multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis ) some acute infections and some complications of organ transplantation. (wikipedia.org)
The Chinese company added that the bovine immunoglobulin G (IgG) kits helps to prevent and treat blue ear disease, respiratory pneumonia, pseudorabies, swine fever and foot and mouth disease, which are common diseases affecting pig in the farming industry. (thefreedictionary.com)
IV immunoglobulin has been used safely for more than 20 years to treat other diseases but is thought to have an indirect effect on Alzheimer's disease by targeting beta-amyloid," Dr. Fillit said. (medpagetoday.com)
And if I remember correctly these diseases occur with low immunoglobulin counts so the immunoglobulin being administered via IV may be to increase the levels as opposed to replenish the levels. (wisegeek.com)
Intramuscular immunoglobulin for recalcitrant suppurative diseases of the skin: a retrospective review of 63 cases. (medscape.com)
And even though immunoglobulins are obtained from blood, they are purified so that they can't pass on diseases to the person who receives them. (wellspan.org)
You may be given an immunoglobulin if you are exposed to certain infectious diseases, such as hepatitis A , rubella , or measles. (wellspan.org)
As the number of patients suffering from pathological conditions and autoimmune diseases has been escalating by the day, the global demand for intravenous immunoglobulin is expected to multiply. (sbwire.com)

[2] A number of specific immunoglobulin formulations are also available including for hepatitis B , rabies , tetanus , varicella infection , and Rh positive blood exposure . (wikipedia.org)
In these situations, immunoglobulin infusions confer passive resistance to infection on their recipients by increasing the quantity/quality of IgG they possess. (wikipedia.org)
Immunoglobulin therapy is especially useful in some acute infection cases such as pediatric HIV infection and is also considered the standard of treatment for some autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
While researchers have known for years that immunoglobulin A (IgA) is important for gut health, it has remained unclear exactly what role it plays in preventing infection and disease. (news-medical.net)
If your immunoglobulin levels are too high, it may be a sign of an autoimmune disease, a chronic illness, an infection, or a type of cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
One hundred and three patients (90 nonatopics and 13 atopics) with respiratory infections to various viral agents were studied retrospectively with respect to IgE immunoglobulin levels during acute (1 to 7 days) and convalescent (8 to 30 days) phases of infection. (nih.gov)
Accordingly, a novel approach in prevention and reduction of H. pylori infection has been reported based on production of urease-specific immunoglobulin that can suppress the bacterial colonization through urease-binding by anti- H. pylori urease IgY (IgY-urease). (scirp.org)

Your body makes different types of immunoglobulins to fight different types of these substances. (medlineplus.gov)

Human immunoglobulin therapy first occurred in the 1930s and a formulation for injection into a vein was approved for medical use in the United States in 1981. (wikipedia.org)
Immunoglobulin therapy is also used for a number of other conditions, including in many autoimmune disorders such as dermatomyositis in an attempt to decrease the severity of symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
Different national bodies and medical associations have established varying standards for the use of immunoglobulin therapy. (wikipedia.org)
The National Advisory Committee on Blood and Blood Products of Canada (NAC) and Canadian Blood Services have also developed their own separate set of guidelines for the appropriate use of immunoglobulin therapy, which strongly support the use of immunoglobulin therapy in primary immunodeficiencies and some complications of HIV, while remaining silent on the issues of sepsis, multiple sclerosis, and chronic fatigue syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Replacement therapy is not practical for IgAD because of the short half-life of IgA and the relative paucity of IgA in commercial immunoglobulin preparations. (medscape.com)
In November 2011, the IDF Medical Advisory Committee wrote a resolution regarding formulary changes that limit a physician's ability to determine the most appropriate immunoglobulin replacement therapy. (primaryimmune.org)
Review of intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy trials for primary humoral immunodeficiency patients. (medscape.com)

It was initially expected that J chain would be important for forming the polymeric immunoglobulins, and indeed polymerization of IgA depends strongly (but not absolutely) on J chain. (wikipedia.org)

Genetic rearrangements occur during the maturation of B lymphocytes, eventually resulting in the surface expression of both immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgD on mature B cells. (medscape.com)
Anti-immunoglobulin stimulation of B lymphocytes activates src-related protein-tyrosine kinases. (pnas.org)
The interspecific fusion of normal bovine lymphocytes with a nonsecreting mouse hybridoma produced stable cell lines secreting bovine immunoglobulins. (sciencemag.org)

Immunoglobulins (Igs) are glycoproteins. (chegg.com)

[1] [2] These conditions include primary immunodeficiency , immune thrombocytopenic purpura , chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy , Kawasaki disease , certain cases of HIV/AIDS and measles , Guillain-Barré syndrome , and certain other infections when a more specific immunoglobulin is not available. (wikipedia.org)
Explain to interested patients that this study identified an association between previous IV immunoglobulin use and a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease, but as a retrospective study subject to residual confounding, it could not prove causality. (medpagetoday.com)
Point out that a clinical trial is underway to evaluate the use of IV immunoglobulin in patients with Alzheimer's disease. (medpagetoday.com)
LITTLE FALLS, N.J., July 20 -- Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment was associated with a 42% reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and similar disorders, a case-control study showed. (medpagetoday.com)
He cautioned, however, that "these findings do not constitute an endorsement of IV immunoglobulin treatment for Alzheimer's disease. (medpagetoday.com)
Small, preliminary studies of IV immunoglobulin treatment for patients with Alzheimer's disease have yielded positive results. (medpagetoday.com)
These patients were matched by age, gender, and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders with 84,700 controls who had not received IV immunoglobulin. (medpagetoday.com)
Overall, through about four years of follow-up, 2% of patients treated with IV immunoglobulin developed Alzheimer's disease or a similar disorder, compared with 4.1% of the controls. (medpagetoday.com)
Our study provides evidence that previous IV immunoglobulin treatments may protect against Alzheimer's disease," Dr. Fillit said. (medpagetoday.com)
The researchers concluded, "These promising preliminary findings encourage additional research involving adequate, well-controlled, randomized clinical trials in order to more thoroughly evaluate the effects of IV immunoglobulin in Alzheimer's disease. (medpagetoday.com)
Immunoglobulin is a type of protein that helps the body fight disease. (wisegeek.com)
It is still possible to get the disease after the immunoglobulin has worn off. (wellspan.org)
Celiac disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, and immediate-type immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy. (greenmedinfo.com)
Lupus, celiac disease, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis are some autoimmune conditions that are diagnosed via intravenous immunoglobulin tests. (sbwire.com)
Based on application, the global intravenous immunoglobulin market has been segmented into disease treatment, disease prevention, and disease research. (sbwire.com)
Patients with immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-related disease) can present to any clinical specialty. (cmaj.ca)
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease is a systemic immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disease that presents as organ dysfunction or mass lesions with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in single or multiple organs. (cmaj.ca)

Barnett C, Wilson G, Barth D, Katzberg HD, Bril V. Changes in quality of life scores with intravenous immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis in patients with myasthenia gravis. (medscape.com)
Sorgun MH, Sener HO, Yucesan C, Yucemen N. Intravenous immunoglobulin for prophylaxis of acute exacerbation in Myasthenia Gravis. (medscape.com)

[1] Human immunoglobulin is made from human blood plasma . (wikipedia.org)
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) holds the highest share (44%) in the global blood plasma market, with a revenue of $9.24 billion. (frost.com)
Immunoglobulin can be collected from the plasma of donated blood. (oncolink.org)
The main immunoglobulin of blood, lymph, and tissue fluid is immunoglobulin G ( IgG ). (encyclopedia.com)
Immunoglobulin E ( IgE ) also normally has very low concentrations in blood and connective tissues, but it plays a crucial role in allergic reactions. (encyclopedia.com)
Precautions must be used in the administration of IV immunoglobulin and other blood products in patients with IgAD because IV immunoglobulin preparations and other blood products contain at least small amounts of IgA. (medscape.com)
What is an immunoglobulins blood test? (medlineplus.gov)
Why do I need an immunoglobulins blood test? (medlineplus.gov)
You don't need any special preparations for an immunoglobulins blood test. (medlineplus.gov)
Tenders are invited for reagents for the determination of TORCH infections, hepatitis, parasites ELISA: A set of reagents for the detection of immunoglobulin G antigens opistorhysiv, Trichinella, Echinococcus and toxocara serum (plasma) of human blood by ELISA. (thefreedictionary.com)
Immunoglobulin (also called gamma globulin or immune globulin) is a substance made from human blood plasma. (wellspan.org)
Immunoglobulin is sometimes used to treat immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), an immune disorder in which the body attacks the cells responsible for blood clotting (platelets), resulting in bleeding. (wellspan.org)
An intravenous (IV) infusion of a substance made from human blood plasma (immunoglobulin) may be given. (wellspan.org)
As one of the 5 immunoglobulins found in the blood, it is a long-lasting defense against most antigens. (healthtestingcenters.com)
As one of the 5 immunoglobulins found in the blood ,it is the first or primary immunoglobulin produced following exposure to an antigen. (healthtestingcenters.com)
Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) can successfully compete with immunoglobulin (IgG) produced in the blood of mammals. (scirp.org)
Cultures of blood were done and serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA) were estimated in all the subjects. (biomedsearch.com)
Zoster Immunoglobulin-VF is prepared from blood obtained from voluntary donors. (nps.org.au)

We found that a regulatory system in the prominent human commensal Bacteroides fragilis modulates its surface architecture to invite binding of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in mice. (sciencemag.org)

The present study demonstrated that during the process of metabolism of immunoglobulin FLCs, ROS activated the STAT1 pathway in proximal tubule epithelium. (jci.org)

Antithymocyte Globulin (ATG) is a concentrated anti-human T-lymphocyte immunoglobulin preparation derived from rabbits after immunization with a T-lympoblast cell line. (drugbank.ca)
however, other immunoglobulins are distributed into human milk. (drugbank.ca)
A wide range of human and animal immunoglobulins (Igs) for use in immunological and biochemical applications have been isolated from normal or myeloma sources. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Restricting access of subscribers to only one or two product/formulations of replacement immunoglobulin regardless of the particular product the patient may currently be receiving poses an unjustified safety risk for patients. (primaryimmune.org)
Doctors should cease using Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solutions immediately, and switch their patients to the most appropriate alternative treatment. (tga.gov.au)
Patients and health care providers should report any adverse events that have occurred following administration of Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solution to the TGA via the Adverse Medicine Events Line (1300 134 237), online via ' Report a problem with a medicine ', or using the 'Blue Card' Prepaid Reporting Form . (tga.gov.au)

What is immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy? (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is characterized by predominant IgA deposition in the glomerular mesangium. (medscape.com)
Light microscopy of a glomerulus from a patient with immunoglobulin A nephropathy showing increased mesangial matrix and cellularity. (medscape.com)
Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrating large mesangial immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposits diagnostic of IgA nephropathy. (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a pathophysiology view. (medscape.com)

Immunoglobulin A ( IgA ) is found in saliva, tears, breast milk, and mucous secretions, where its role is to neutralize viruses and bacteria as they enter the body. (encyclopedia.com)

Immunoglobulin (Ig) therapies are among the oldest therapeutic moieties employed in a broad range of pathological conditions. (frost.com)
Is dosing of therapeutic immunoglobulins optimal? (medscape.com)
The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) advises that Octapharma Australia Pty Ltd has agreed to a precautionary voluntary recall of all batches of Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solutions from the Australian market, due to safety concerns regarding an increased incidence of thromboembolic complications associated with the use of this product in Europe and the USA. (tga.gov.au)

This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin-like domain-containing superfamily. (nih.gov)

The aim of this study will assess the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin in ANCA+ vasculitides (Microscopic Polyangiitis, Wegener's granulomatosis and Churg-Strauss syndrome) who relapse under corticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapies or after one year post treatment. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Large patient population, lack of effective substitute treatment, and early adoption of immunoglobulin for the treatment of hypogammaglobulinemia are expected to boost the growth of this segment. (medgadget.com)

Some placental trophoblasts also bind to immunoglobulins, in order for them to be carried across to the fetus for providing immunity for the growing child. (chegg.com)

Although lymphocyte-like cells secreting somatically-recombining receptors have been identified in the jawless fishes (hagfish and lamprey), the cartilaginous fishes (sharks, skates, rays and chimaera) are the most phylogenetically distant group relative to mammals in which bona fide immunoglobulins (Igs) have been found. (mdpi.com)

If you are suffering from cirrhosis of the liver or rheumatoid arthritis and therefore you have high levels of IgA, will you ever need to replace or get any more immunoglobulin via intravenously (more often said as receiving immunoglobulin via iv) or maybe have an immunoglobulin infusion? (wisegeek.com)

There are some immunoglobulin products that are given by an injection into the muscle (called IM) or under the skin (called subQ). (oncolink.org)
To prevent Rh sensitization during pregnancy, you must have an Rh immunoglobulin injection if you are Rh-negative. (wellspan.org)
Please read this leaflet carefully before you start using Zoster Immunoglobulin-VF Solution for injection. (nps.org.au)

Anatomy14

Organisms34

Diseases47

Chemicals and Drugs85

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment39

Phenomena and Processes38

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care6

Features of the immune response to DNA in mice. I. Genetic control. (1/9010)

Skeletal muscle type ryanodine receptor is involved in calcium signaling in human B lymphocytes. (2/9010)

Human triclonal anti-IgG gammopathy. I. Iso-electric focusing characteristics of the IgG, IgA and IgM anti-IgG and their heavy and light chains. (3/9010)

Pre-mRNA splicing of IgM exons M1 and M2 is directed by a juxtaposed splicing enhancer and inhibitor. (4/9010)

Innate and acquired humoral immunities to influenza virus are mediated by distinct arms of the immune system. (5/9010)

Dietary effect of EPA-rich and DHA-rich fish oils on the immune function of Sprague-Dawley rats. (6/9010)

Immunodeficiency due to a unique protracted developmental delay in the B-cell lineage. (7/9010)

Predominant immunoglobulin A response to phase II antigen of Coxiella burnetii in acute Q fever. (8/9010)

Immunoglobulin M

Immunoglobulin G

Immunoglobulins

Immunoglobulin A

Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains

Genes, Immunoglobulin

Immunoglobulins, Intravenous

Immunoglobulin Light Chains

Antibodies, Viral

Antibodies, Bacterial

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Antibody Specificity

Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains

Immunoglobulin mu-Chains

B-Lymphocytes

Immunoglobulin Variable Region

Immunoglobulin E

Immunoglobulin A, Secretory

Immunoglobulin Isotypes

Immunoglobulin J-Chains

Immunoglobulin D

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Serologic Tests

Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments

Rubella virus

Immunoglobulin Constant Regions

Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains

Immunoglobulin Class Switching

Rheumatoid Factor

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Toxoplasmosis

Complement Fixation Tests

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic

Antibody Formation

Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Immunoglobulin Fragments

Plasmacytoma

Cross Reactions

Evaluation Studies as Topic

Toxoplasma

Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains

Convalescence

Sensitivity and Specificity

Antigens, Bacterial

Rubella

Immunoglobulin Allotypes

Immunodiffusion

Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests

Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin

Antibodies, Protozoan

Immunoelectrophoresis

Immune Sera

Hemagglutination Tests

Immunoglobulin Joining Region

Immunoassay

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Toxoplasmosis, Congenital

Molecular Sequence Data

Antigen-Antibody Complex

Immunization, Passive

Antibodies, Fungal

Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

Staphylococcal Protein A

Mercaptoethylamines

Syphilis, Congenital

Immunoglobulin Idiotypes

Polysaccharides, Bacterial

Agglutination Tests

False Positive Reactions

Antigens, Viral

Hepatitis A

Myeloma Proteins

Immunosorbent Techniques

Erythema Infectiosum

Epitopes

Immunization

Hemadsorption