Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulins
Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
Immunoglobulin preparations used in intravenous infusion, containing primarily IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. They are used to treat a variety of diseases associated with decreased or abnormal immunoglobulin levels including pediatric AIDS; primary HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; SCID; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS infections in transplant recipients, LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC; Kawasaki syndrome, infection in neonates, and IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA.
Genes, Immunoglobulin
Genes encoding the different subunits of the IMMUNOGLOBULINS, for example the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN GENES and the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES. The heavy and light immunoglobulin genes are present as gene segments in the germline cells. The completed genes are created when the segments are shuffled and assembled (B-LYMPHOCYTE GENE REARRANGEMENT) during B-LYMPHOCYTE maturation. The gene segments of the human light and heavy chain germline genes are symbolized V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant). The heavy chain germline genes have an additional segment D (diversity).
Immunoglobulin Light Chains
Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains
Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments
Crystallizable fragments composed of the carboxy-terminal halves of both IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fc fragments contain the carboxy-terminal parts of the heavy chain constant regions that are responsible for the effector functions of an immunoglobulin (COMPLEMENT fixation, binding to the cell membrane via FC RECEPTORS, and placental transport). This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.
Immunoglobulin Isotypes
Immunoglobulin E
Immunoglobulin A, Secretory
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Immunoglobulin Variable Region
That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. It includes hypervariable regions (COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGIONS) and framework regions.
Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments
Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.
Immunoglobulin mu-Chains
Antibody Specificity
Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains
B-Lymphocytes
Immunoglobulin D
Immunoglobulin Constant Regions
The domains of the immunoglobulin molecules that are invariable in their amino acid sequence within any class or subclass of immunoglobulin. They confer biological as well as structural functions to immunoglobulins. One each on both the light chains and the heavy chains comprises the C-terminus half of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FAB FRAGMENT and two or three of them make up the rest of the heavy chains (all of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FC FRAGMENT)
Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains
Heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G having a molecular weight of approximately 51 kDa. They contain about 450 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component covalently bound to the Fc fragment constant region. The gamma heavy chain subclasses (for example, gamma 1, gamma 2a, and gamma 2b) of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN G isotype subclasses (IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B) resemble each other more closely than the heavy chains of the other IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES.
Immunoglobulin Fragments
Immunoglobulin Class Switching
Gene rearrangement of the B-lymphocyte which results in a substitution in the type of heavy-chain constant region that is expressed. This allows the effector response to change while the antigen binding specificity (variable region) remains the same. The majority of class switching occurs by a DNA recombination event but it also can take place at the level of RNA processing.
Staphylococcal Protein A
A protein present in the cell wall of most Staphylococcus aureus strains. The protein selectively binds to the Fc region of human normal and myeloma-derived IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. It elicits antibody activity and may cause hypersensitivity reactions due to histamine release; has also been used as cell surface antigen marker and in the clinical assessment of B lymphocyte function.
Immunoglobulin Allotypes
Receptors, Fc
Receptors, IgG
Specific molecular sites on the surface of various cells, including B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that combine with IMMUNOGLOBULIN Gs. Three subclasses exist: Fc gamma RI (the CD64 antigen, a low affinity receptor), Fc gamma RII (the CD32 antigen, a high affinity receptor), and Fc gamma RIII (the CD16 antigen, a low affinity receptor).
Immunoglobulin J-Chains
A 15 kD "joining" peptide that forms one of the linkages between monomers of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M in the formation of polymeric immunoglobulins. There is one J chain per one IgA dimer or one IgM pentamer. It is also involved in binding the polymeric immunoglobulins to POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR which is necessary for their transcytosis to the lumen. It is distinguished from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN JOINING REGION which is part of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains.
Antibody Affinity
A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.
Antibody Formation
Colostrum
Antigen-Antibody Complex
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
Immunization
Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).
Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin
Specialized Fc receptors (RECEPTORS, FC) for polymeric immunoglobulins, which mediate transcytosis of polymeric IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN M into external secretions. They are found on the surfaces of epithelial cells and hepatocytes. After binding to IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, the receptor-ligand complex undergoes endocytosis, transport by vesicle, and secretion into the lumen by exocytosis. Before release, the part of the receptor (SECRETORY COMPONENT) that is bound to IMMUNOGLOBULIN A is proteolytically cleaved from its transmembrane tail. (From Rosen et al., The Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)
Immune Sera
Immunization, Passive
Cross Reactions
Immunoglobulin Joining Region
A segment of the immunoglobulin heavy chains, encoded by the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES in the J segment where, during the maturation of B-LYMPHOCYTES; the gene segment for the variable region upstream is joined to a constant region gene segment downstream. The exact position of joining of the two gene segments is variable and contributes to ANTIBODY DIVERSITY. It is distinguished from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN J CHAINS; a separate polypeptide that serves as a linkage piece in polymeric IGA or IGM.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Rabbits
Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell
gamma-Globulins
Serum globulins that migrate to the gamma region (most positively charged) upon ELECTROPHORESIS. At one time, gamma-globulins came to be used as a synonym for immunoglobulins since most immunoglobulins are gamma globulins and conversely most gamma globulins are immunoglobulins. But since some immunoglobulins exhibit an alpha or beta electrophoretic mobility, that usage is in decline.
Binding Sites, Antibody
Bacterial Vaccines
Plasmacytoma
Opsonin Proteins
Immunodiffusion
Immunoelectrophoresis
A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Autoantibodies
Amino Acid Sequence
Immunoglobulin Idiotypes
Unique genetically-controlled determinants present on ANTIBODIES whose specificity is limited to a single group of proteins (e.g., another antibody molecule or an individual myeloma protein). The idiotype appears to represent the antigenicity of the antigen-binding site of the antibody and to be genetically codetermined with it. The idiotypic determinants have been precisely located to the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of both immunoglobin polypeptide chains.
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain
Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
Agammaglobulinemia
Complement System Proteins
Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).
Rubella virus
Antibodies
Antigen-Antibody Reactions
Base Sequence
Immunoglobulin delta-Chains
Antigens, Protozoan
Immunoglobulin Switch Region
A site located in the INTRONS at the 5' end of each constant region segment of a immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene where recombination (or rearrangement) occur during IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASS SWITCHING. Ig switch regions are found on genes encoding all five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES) of IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS.
Immunoassay
Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains
Sensitivity and Specificity
Complement Fixation Tests
Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.
Neutralization Tests
The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).
Immunity, Maternally-Acquired
Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes
Hybridomas
Toxoplasma
Secretory Component
The extracellular moiety of the POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR found alone or complexed with IGA or IGM, in a variety of external secretions (tears, bile, colostrum.) Secretory component is derived by proteolytic cleavage of the receptor during transcytosis. When immunoglobulins IgA and IgM are bound to the receptor, during their transcytosis secretory component becomes covalently attached to them generating SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN A or secretory IMMUNOGLOBULIN M.
Complement C3
A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process. The larger fragment C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.
Phagocytosis
Lymphocytes
White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.
Plasma Cells
Specialized forms of antibody-producing B-LYMPHOCYTES. They synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin. They are found only in lymphoid organs and at sites of immune responses and normally do not circulate in the blood or lymph. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989, p169 & Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p20)
Saliva
Vaccination
T-Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.
Rheumatoid Factor
Evaluation Studies as Topic
Hemagglutination Tests
Rubella
Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
Antigens, Surface
Immunity, Mucosal
Nonsusceptibility to the pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or antigenic substances as a result of antibody secretions of the mucous membranes. Mucosal epithelia in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts produce a form of IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) that serves to protect these ports of entry into the body.
Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte
Lymphocyte Activation
Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.
Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
Radioimmunoassay
Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
Paraproteinemias
Goats
Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating
Cells, Cultured
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Vaccines, Synthetic
Cattle
Antibody-Producing Cells
Pokeweed Mitogens
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Dysgammaglobulinemia
Immunoblotting
Agglutinins
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Immunosorbent Techniques
Genes, Immunoglobulin Light Chain
Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains
The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN E. They have a molecular weight of approximately 72 kDa and they contain about 550 amino acid residues arranged in five domains and about three times more carbohydrate than the heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.
Blood Bactericidal Activity
The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. This activity needs to be distinguished from the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy, which is measured by a SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST.
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Pregnancy
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Gene Rearrangement
Interleukin-4
Bence Jones Protein
Erythrocytes
Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Light Chain
Autoimmune Diseases
Flow Cytometry
Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.
Antigens, Helminth
Antigens, CD
Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.
Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Immunologic Techniques
Vaccines, Conjugate
Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Protein Binding
Complement Activation
Interferon-gamma
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Cloning, Molecular
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Rosette Formation
The in vitro formation of clusters consisting of a cell (usually a lymphocyte) surrounded by antigenic cells or antigen-bearing particles (usually erythrocytes, which may or may not be coated with antibody or antibody and complement). The rosette-forming cell may be an antibody-forming cell, a memory cell, a T-cell, a cell bearing surface cytophilic antibodies, or a monocyte possessing Fc receptors. Rosette formation can be used to identify specific populations of these cells.
Agglutination Tests
Antitoxins
Antibody Diversity
The phenomenon of immense variability characteristic of ANTIBODIES. It enables the IMMUNE SYSTEM to react specifically against the essentially unlimited kinds of ANTIGENS it encounters. Antibody diversity is accounted for by three main theories: (1) the Germ Line Theory, which holds that each antibody-producing cell has genes coding for all possible antibody specificities, but expresses only the one stimulated by antigen; (2) the Somatic Mutation Theory, which holds that antibody-producing cells contain only a few genes, which produce antibody diversity by mutation; and (3) the Gene Rearrangement Theory, which holds that antibody diversity is generated by the rearrangement of IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION gene segments during the differentiation of the ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS.
Mice, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)
Nephelometry and Turbidimetry
Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.
Complement C1q
A subcomponent of complement C1, composed of six copies of three polypeptide chains (A, B, and C), each encoded by a separate gene (C1QA; C1QB; C1QC). This complex is arranged in nine subunits (six disulfide-linked dimers of A and B, and three disulfide-linked homodimers of C). C1q has binding sites for antibodies (the heavy chain of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M). The interaction of C1q and immunoglobulin activates the two proenzymes COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S, thus initiating the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION via the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY.
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.
Papain
Antibodies, Antinuclear
Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.
Chromatography, Gel
Immunity, Cellular
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.
Iodine Radioisotopes
Immunoglobulin Km Allotypes
Pepsin A
Formed from pig pepsinogen by cleavage of one peptide bond. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain and is inhibited by methyl 2-diaazoacetamidohexanoate. It cleaves peptides preferentially at the carbonyl linkages of phenylalanine or leucine and acts as the principal digestive enzyme of gastric juice.
Blood Proteins
Serum Albumin
Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Blotting, Western
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Disease Models, Animal
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.
Glycoproteins
Bacterial Toxins
CD4 Immunoadhesins
Chimeric molecules resulting from the fusion of recombinant soluble CD4 to the Fc portion of immunoglobulins. These have potential use in the therapy of AIDS since they possess both the gp120-binding and HIV-blocking properties of rCD4 as well as the long plasma half-life and Fc receptor-binding functions of immunoglobulin.
Helicobacter pylori
A spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus CAMPYLOBACTER, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus HELICOBACTER. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. nov. (see Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989 Oct;39(4):297-405).
The role of colorstrum on the occurrence of immunoglobulin G subclasses and antibody production in neonatal goats. (1/23942)
Quantitative determinations of IgG1 and IgG2, in one group of colostrum-fed and one group of colostrum-deprived neonatal goats revealed that the occurrence of the IgG1 subclass preceeded that of the IgG2 in both cases. In the colostrum-fed animals the IgG2 appeared, on an average, in the fourth week of life whereas in the colostrum-deprived animals the IgG2 was detected as early as three weeks after birth. At the age of twelve weeks the mean concentrations for IgG, and IgG2 were higher in the animals deprived of colostrum. The immune response to human gamma globulin was studied in colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived neonatal goats which were immunized at birth and again after four and eight weeks. Following the first two antigen administrations a significantly higher response was obtained in the colostrum-fed neonates. However, the third injection determined a similar response in both groups. A marked suppressive effect on the immune response was observed in colostrum-fed neonatal goats when specific antibodies were present in the colostrum after preimmunization of the mothers with human gamma globulin. (+info)Features of the immune response to DNA in mice. I. Genetic control. (2/23942)
The genetic control of the immune response to DNA was studied in various strains of mice F1 hybrids and corresponding back-crosses immunized with single stranded DNA complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin. Anti-DNA antibody response was measured by radioimmuno-logical technique. High responder, low responder, and intermediate responder strains were found and the ability to respond to DNA was characterized as a dominant genetic trait which is not linked to the major locus of histocompatibility. Studies in back-crosses suggested that this immune response is under multigenic control. High responder mice produce both anti-double stranded DNA and anti-single stranded DNA 7S and 19S antibodies, while low responder mice produce mainly anti-single stranded DNA 19S antibodies. (+info)VEGF is required for growth and survival in neonatal mice. (3/23942)
We employed two independent approaches to inactivate the angiogenic protein VEGF in newborn mice: inducible, Cre-loxP- mediated gene targeting, or administration of mFlt(1-3)-IgG, a soluble VEGF receptor chimeric protein. Partial inhibition of VEGF achieved by inducible gene targeting resulted in increased mortality, stunted body growth and impaired organ development, most notably of the liver. Administration of mFlt(1-3)-IgG, which achieves a higher degree of VEGF inhibition, resulted in nearly complete growth arrest and lethality. Ultrastructural analysis documented alterations in endothelial and other cell types. Histological and biochemical changes consistent with liver and renal failure were observed. Endothelial cells isolated from the liver of mFlt(1-3)-IgG-treated neonates demonstrated an increased apoptotic index, indicating that VEGF is required not only for proliferation but also for survival of endothelial cells. However, such treatment resulted in less significant alterations as the animal matured, and the dependence on VEGF was eventually lost some time after the fourth postnatal week. Administration of mFlt(1-3)-IgG to juvenile mice failed to induce apoptosis in liver endothelial cells. Thus, VEGF is essential for growth and survival in early postnatal life. However, in the fully developed animal, VEGF is likely to be involved primarily in active angiogenesis processes such as corpus luteum development. (+info)Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. III. Modulation of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte hydrolase release response to Actinomyces viscosus and Streptococcus mutans by immunoglobulins and complement. (4/23942)
In the absence of antiserum, rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) released lysosomal enzymes in response to Actinomyces viscosus (19246) but not to Streptococcus mutans (6715). Antibodies had a marked modulating influence on these reactions. PMN hydrolase release was significantly enhanced to both organisms when specific rabbit antiserum and isolated immunoglobulin G (IgG) were included in the incubations. Immune complex F(ab')2 fragments of IgG directed against S. mutans agglutinated bacteria. Immune complexes consisting of S. mutans and F(ab')2 fragments of IgG directed against this organism were not effective as bacteria-IgG complexes in stimulating PMN release. The intensity of the release response to bacteria-IgG complexes was also diminished when PMNs were preincubated with isolated Fc fragments derived from IgG. Fresh serum as a source of complement components had no demonstrable effect on PMN release either alone or in conjuction with antiserum in these experiments. These data may be relevant to the mechanisms and consequences of the interaction of PMNs and plaque bacteria in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. (+info)Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis by gene delivery of soluble p75 tumour necrosis factor receptor. (5/23942)
Collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice can be passively transferred to SCID mice with spleen B- and T-lymphocytes. In the present study, we show that infection ex vivo of splenocytes from arthritic DBA/1 mice with a retroviral vector, containing cDNA for the soluble form of human p75 receptor of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-R) before transfer, prevents the development of arthritis, bone erosion and joint inflammation in the SCID recipients. Assessment of IgG subclass levels and studies of synovial histology suggest that down-regulating the effector functions of T helper-type 1 (Th1) cells may, at least in part, explain the inhibition of arthritis in the SCID recipients. In contrast, the transfer of splenocytes infected with mouse TNF-alpha gene construct resulted in exacerbated arthritis and enhancement of IgG2a antibody levels. Intriguingly, infection of splenocytes from arthritic DBA/1 mice with a construct for mouse IL-10 had no modulating effect on the transfer of arthritis. The data suggest that manipulation of the immune system with cytokines, or cytokine inhibitors using gene transfer protocols can be an effective approach to ameliorate arthritis. (+info)Variable domain-linked oligosaccharides of a human monoclonal IgG: structure and influence on antigen binding. (6/23942)
The variable-domain-attached oligosaccharide side chains of a human IgG produced by a human-human-mouse heterohybridoma were analysed. In addition to the conserved N-glycosylation site at Asn-297, an N-glycosylation consensus sequence (Asn-Asn-Ser) is located at position 75 in the variable region of its heavy chain. The antibody was cleaved into its antigen-binding (Fab) and crystallizing fragments. The oligosaccharides of the Fab fragment were released by digestion with various endo- and exoglycosidases and analysed by anion-exchange chromatography and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. The predominant components were disialyl- bi-antennary and tetra-sialyl tetra-antennary complex carbohydrates. Of note is the presence in this human IgG of oligosaccharides containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid and N-acetylneuraminic acid in the ratio of 94:6. Furthermore, we determined N-acetylgalactosamine in the Fab fragment of this antibody, suggesting the presence of O-linked carbohydrates. A three-dimensional structure of the glycosylated variable (Fv) fragment was suggested using computer-assisted modelling. In addition, the influence of the Fv-associated oligosaccharides of the CBGA1 antibody on antigen binding was tested in several ELISA systems. Deglycosylation resulted in a decreased antigen-binding activity. (+info)Zonula occludens toxin is a powerful mucosal adjuvant for intranasally delivered antigens. (7/23942)
Zonula occludens toxin (Zot) is produced by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae and has the ability to reversibly alter intestinal epithelial tight junctions, allowing the passage of macromolecules through the mucosal barrier. In the present study, we investigated whether Zot could be exploited to deliver soluble antigens through the nasal mucosa for the induction of antigen-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses. Intranasal immunization of mice with ovalbumin (Ova) and recombinant Zot, either fused to the maltose-binding protein (MBP-Zot) or with a hexahistidine tag (His-Zot), induced anti-Ova serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers that were approximately 40-fold higher than those induced by immunization with antigen alone. Interestingly, Zot also stimulated high anti-Ova IgA titers in serum, as well as in vaginal and intestinal secretions. A comparison with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) revealed that the adjuvant activity of Zot was only sevenfold lower than that of LT. Moreover, Zot and LT induced similar patterns of Ova-specific IgG subclasses. The subtypes IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b were all stimulated, with a predominance of IgG1 and IgG2b. In conclusion, our results highlight Zot as a novel potent mucosal adjuvant of microbial origin. (+info)The levels and bactericidal capacity of antibodies directed against the UspA1 and UspA2 outer membrane proteins of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis in adults and children. (8/23942)
The UspA1 and UspA2 proteins from Moraxella catarrhalis share antigenic epitopes and are promising vaccine candidates. In this study, the levels and bactericidal activities of antibodies in sera from healthy adults and children toward UspA1 and UspA2 from the O35E strain were measured. Human sera contained antibodies to both proteins, and the levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were age dependent. Adult sera had significantly higher titers of IgG than child sera (P < 0.01). The IgG3 titers to the UspA proteins were higher than the IgG1 titers in the adults' sera, while the IgG1 titers were higher than the IgG3 titers in the children's sera (P < 0.05). The IgG antibodies in the sera from 2-month-old children appeared to be maternally derived, since the mean titer was significantly higher than that in sera from 6- to 7-month-old children (P < 0.05). Serum IgA antibodies to both UspA1 and UspA2 were low during the first 7 months of age but thereafter gradually increased along with the IgG titers. Analysis of sera absorbed with UspA1 or UspA2 showed that the antibodies to UspA1 and UspA2 were cross-reactive with each other and associated with serum bactericidal activity. Examination of affinity-purified human antibodies confirmed that naturally acquired antibodies to UspA1 and UspA2 were bactericidal and cross-reactive. These results support using UspA1 and UspA2 in a vaccine to prevent M. catarrhalis infections. (+info)Specific IgG Subclass Antibody Levels and Phagocytosis of Serotype 14 Pneumococcus Following Immunization<...
Pneumococcal vaccination responses in adults with subnormal IgG subclass concentrations | BMC Immunology | Full Text
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Immunoglobulin G
... (Ig G) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most ... This repertoire of immunoglobulins is crucial for the newborns who are very sensitive to infections, especially within the ... Stadlmann J, Pabst M, Kolarich D, Kunert R, Altmann F (2008). "Analysis of immunoglobulin glycosylation by LC-ESI-MS of ... de Haan, Noortje; Falck, David; Wuhrer, Manfred (2019-07-08). "Monitoring of Immunoglobulin N- and O-glycosylation in Health ...
Immunoglobulin M
Immunodeficiency with hyper-immunoglobulin M Immunoglobulin M deficiency Immune system "Immunoglobulin M". The American ... Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is one of several isotypes of antibody (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. ... Immunoglobulin+M at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Immunoglobulin M Deficiency Reference ... Mestecky, J.; Zikin, J.; Butler, W. T. (1971). "Immunoglobulin M an secretory immunoglobulin A: presence of common polypeptide ...
Immunoglobulin therapy
... human normal immunoglobulin), and Flebogamma DIF (human normal immunoglobulin). In the EU human normal immunoglobulin (SCIg) ( ... Some believe that immunoglobulin therapy may work via a multi-step model where the injected immunoglobulin first forms a type ... Immunoglobulin therapy is the use of a mixture of antibodies (normal human immunoglobulin or NHIG) to treat several health ... Human normal immunoglobulin (human immunoglobulin G) (Cutaquig) was approved for medical use in Australia in May 2021. Brands ...
Anti-immunoglobulin
Specifically, anti-immunoglobulin antibodies bind to immunoglobulins that are created by B cells. Anti-immunoglobulin ... The anti-immunoglobulin antibodies are created through recombinant DNA technology. All anti-immunoglobulin antibodies are man- ... Kappa light chains are the second of the two classes of light chains present on mammalian immunoglobulins. One immunoglobulin ... The most practical use for anti-immunoglobulin antibodies is in diagnostic tests. Assays use anti-immunoglobulin antibodies to ...
Immunoglobulin A
... (Ig A, also referred to as sIgA in its secretory form) is an antibody that plays a role in the immune function ... Immunoglobulin+A at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Herich, R. (2017). "Is the role of IgA ... The IgA dimeric form is the most prevalent and is also called secretory IgA (sIgA). sIgA is the main immunoglobulin found in ... This represents up to 15% of total immunoglobulins produced throughout the body. IgA has two subclasses (IgA1 and IgA2) and can ...
Immunoglobulin D
... (IgD) is an antibody isotype that makes up about 1% of proteins in the plasma membranes of immature B- ... Immunoglobulin+D at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (CS1 maint: uses authors parameter, All ... Rogentine GN, Rowe DS, Bradley J, Waldmann TA, Fahey JL (1966). "Metabolism of human immunoglobulin D (IgD)". J. Clin. Invest. ... Nitschke L, Kosco MH, Köhler G, Lamers MC (1993). "Immunoglobulin D-deficient mice can mount normal immune responses to thymus- ...
Immunoglobulin domain
The immunoglobulin domain, also known as the immunoglobulin fold, is a type of protein domain that consists of a 2-layer ... SCOP listing of immunoglobulin domains of known structure This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and ... Immunoglobulin-like domains may be involved in protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions. Human genes encoding proteins ... Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily are found in hundreds of proteins of different functions. Examples include antibodies ...
Rabies immunoglobulin
... is expensive and hard to come by in the developing world. In the United States it is estimated to be more ... Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is a medication made up of antibodies against the rabies virus. It is used to prevent rabies ... The use of rabies immunoglobulin in the form of blood serum dates from 1891. Use became common within medicine in the 1950s. It ... Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is indicated for the passive, transient post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies infection, when given ...
Immunoglobulin E
... (IgE) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) "isotype") that has been found only in mammals. IgE is ... November 2013). "A beneficial role for immunoglobulin E in host defense against honeybee venom". Immunity. 39 (5): 963-75. doi: ... Presence of a unique immunoglobulin as a carrier of reaginic activity". Journal of Immunology. 97 (1): 75-85. PMID 4162440. ... Winter WE, Hardt NS, Fuhrman S (September 2000). "Immunoglobulin E: importance in parasitic infections and hypersensitivity ...
Immunoglobulin superfamily
The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is a large protein superfamily of cell surface and soluble proteins that are involved in ... Proteins of the IgSF possess a structural domain known as an immunoglobulin (Ig) domain. Ig domains are named after the ... Otherwise, the sperm-specific protein IZUMO1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, has also been identified as the only ... Harpaz Y, Chothia C (May 1994). "Many of the immunoglobulin superfamily domains in cell adhesion molecules and surface ...
Immunoglobulin Y
In chickens, immunoglobulin Y is the functional equivalent to Immunoglobulin G (IgG). Like IgG, it is composed of two light and ... Immunoglobulin Y (abbreviated as IgY) is a type of immunoglobulin which is the major antibody in bird, reptile, and lungfish ... Thus, in preparations from chicken eggs, there is no contamination with Immunoglobulin A (IgA) or Immunoglobulin M (IgM). The ... after they were able to show differences between the immunoglobulins found in chicken eggs, and immunoglobulin G. Other ...
Binding immunoglobulin protein
... (BiP) also known as 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78) or heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 ( ... GRP78 (HSPA5), also referred to as 'immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein' (BiP), is a member of the heat-shock protein-70 ... Corrigall VM, Vittecoq O, Panayi GS (October 2009). "Binding immunoglobulin protein-treated peripheral blood monocyte-derived ...
Immunoglobulin class switching
Naïve mature B cells produce both IgM and IgD, which are the first two heavy chain segments in the immunoglobulin locus. After ... Immunoglobulin+class+switching at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Articles with short ... Immunoglobulin class switching, also known as isotype switching, isotypic commutation or class-switch recombination (CSR), is a ... Laffleur B, Bardet SM, Garot A, Brousse M, Baylet A, Cogné M (2014). "Immunoglobulin genes undergo legitimate repair in human B ...
Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin
The immunoglobulin is categorized as immunoglobulin G (IgG). Since the tetanus toxin permanently binds to human tissues, only ... Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin, also known as tetanus immune globulin (TIG) and tetanus antitoxin, is a medication made up of ... unbounded molecules can be neutralized by the immunoglobulin. Use of the horse version became common in the 1910s, while the ...
Immunoglobulin light chain
The immunoglobulin light chain is the small polypeptide subunit of an antibody (immunoglobulin). A typical antibody is composed ... The immunoglobulin light chain genes in tetrapods can be classified into three distinct groups: kappa (κ), lambda (λ), and ... Immunoglobulin+Light+Chains at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Educational Resource for ... There are two types of light chain in humans: kappa (κ) chain, encoded by the immunoglobulin kappa locus ([email protected]) on chromosome 2 ...
Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor
pIgR has a strong specificity to polymeric immunoglobulins and is not responsive to monomeric immunoglobulin. The ligand's J- ... "Entrez Gene: PIGR polymeric immunoglobulin receptor". Kaetzel CS (August 2005). "The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor: ... Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the PIGR gene. It is an Fc ... Polymeric+Immunoglobulin+Receptor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology This ...
Immunoglobulin heavy chain
The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) is the large polypeptide subunit of an antibody (immunoglobulin). In human genome, the IgH ... There are five types of mammalian immunoglobulin heavy chain: γ, δ, α, μ and ε. They define classes of immunoglobulins: IgG, ... Each heavy chain has two regions: a constant region (which is the same for all immunoglobulins of the same class but differs ... a variable region that differs between different B cells, but is the same for all immunoglobulins produced by the same B cell ...
Immunoglobulin-binding protein
... , or sometimes Immunoglobulin binding protein is a generic name for any protein that binds ... Immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 (IGBP1), a protein that binds B-cells in the blood. Protein A, a 42 kDa protein originally ... It, therefore, can mean: Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP, or heat shock 70 kDa protein 5, with an official symbol HSPA5), a ...
Immunoglobulin V-set domain
V-set domains are found in diverse protein families, including immunoglobulin light and heavy chains; in several T-cell ... "Phosphocholine binding immunoglobulin Fab McPC603. An X-ray diffraction study at 2.7 A". J. Mol. Biol. 190 (4): 593-604. doi: ... Immunoglobulin V-set, subgroup InterPro: IPR003596 T-cell surface antigen CD2 InterPro: IPR013285 ACAM; ACAN; ADAMTSL1; AGC1; ...
Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disorder
The underlying cause of MIDD is the production of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Monoclonal immunoglobulins are produced in ... The immunoglobulin heavy chain in HCDD is frequently a truncated heavy chain. HCDD is the rarest subtype of MIDD. Serum protein ... Monoclonal immunoglobulins are produced by monoclonal plasma cells, which are found in a variety of plasma cell dyscrasias. The ... Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disorder, or MIDD, is a disease characterised by the deposition of monoclonal ...
Adhesion molecule (immunoglobulin-like)
MAdCAM-1 belongs to a subclass of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), the members of which are ligands for integrins. The ... In molecular biology, the adhesin molecule (immunoglobulin-like) is a protein domain. This domain is found in mucosal vascular ... "The structure of immunoglobulin superfamily domains 1 and 2 of MAdCAM-1 reveals novel features important for integrin ... crystal structure of this domain has been reported; it adopts an immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich structure, with seven ...
Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency
Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency (SIgAD) is a genetic immunodeficiency, a type of hypogammaglobulinemia. People with ... They rarely present with severe reactions, including anaphylaxis, to blood transfusions or intravenous immunoglobulin due to ... There is an inherited inability to produce immunoglobulin A (IgA), a part of the body's defenses against infection at the ... There is a historical popularity in using intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to treat SIgAD, but the consensus is that there is ...
Immunoglobulin I-set domain
I-set domains are found in several cell adhesion molecules, including vascular (VCAM), intercellular (ICAM), neural (NCAM) and mucosal addressin (MADCAM) cell adhesion molecules, as well as junction adhesion molecules (JAM). I-set domains are also present in several other diverse protein families, including several tyrosine-protein kinase receptors, the hemolymph protein hemolin, the muscle proteins titin, telokin, and twitchin, the neuronal adhesion molecule axonin-1, and the signalling molecule semaphorin 4D that is involved in axonal guidance, immune function and angiogenesis. ADAMTSL1, ADAMTSL3, ALPK3, AXL, BOC, C9orf94, CADM2, CADM4, CCDC141, CDON, CEACAM7, CHL1, CILP2, CNTN1, CNTN2, CNTN3, CNTN4, CNTN5, CNTN6, CXADR, DCC, DSCAM, DSCAML1, ESAM, FGFR1, FGFR3, FGFR4, FGFRL1, FLT1, FLT4, FSTL4, FSTL5, HMCN1, HNT, HSPG2, ICAM5, IGFBP7, IGFBPL1, IGSF10, IGSF22, IGSF9, ISLR, KALRN, KAZALD1, KDR, KIAA0626, KIRREL, KIRREL2, KIRREL3, L1CAM, LINGO1, LINGO2, LRFN2, LRFN3, LRFN4, LRFN5, LRIG1, LRIG2, ...
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors
The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are a family of receptors possessing extracellular immunoglobulin domains. ... LAIR1 Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor David E. Sloane; Nicodemus Tedla; Muyiwa Awoniyi; Donald W. MacGlashan Jr.; Luis ... v t e v t e v t e (Protein pages needing a picture, Immunoglobulin superfamily, All stub articles, Biochemistry stubs, Receptor ... Borges; K. Frank Austen; Jonathan P. Arm (November 2004). "Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors: novel innate receptors for ...
Immunoglobulin superfamily member 3
... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGSF3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene ... "Entrez Gene: Immunoglobulin superfamily member 3". Retrieved 2018-10-06. v t e This article incorporates text from the United ... is an immunoglobulin-like membrane protein containing several V-type Ig-like domains. A mutation in this gene has been ...
Immunoglobulin C1-set domain
C1-set domains are found almost exclusively in molecules involved in the immune system, such as in immunoglobulin light and ...
Immunoglobulin C2-set domain
CD2 CD4 VCAM1 Smith DK, Xue H (1997). "Sequence profiles of immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin-like domains". J. Mol. Biol. 274 ... Immunoglobulin-like domains that are related in both sequence and structure can be found in several diverse protein families. ... CD4 is the primary receptor for HIV-1. CD4 has four immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular region that share the same ... The basic structure of immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules is a tetramer of two light chains and two heavy chains linked by ...
Transmembrane immunoglobulin and munin domain
... (TIM) proteins are a family of cell surface immunomodulatory proteins. TIM1 Kane ...
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor
Members of the IgSF family include the human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and the Immunoglobulin-like ... includes immunoglobulin-like transcripts (ILT, also known as leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LIRs)), leukocyte- ... Human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors recognize the α1 and α2 domains of class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA-A, -B ... Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), are a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins expressed on the plasma ...
Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1
... is a immunoglobulin gene with symbol IGHA1. It encodes a constant (C) segment of ... Immunoglobulin A is an antibody that plays a critical role in immune function in the mucous membranes. IgA shows the same ... "Entrez Gene: IGHA1 immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1". Kratzin, H.; Altevogt, P.; Ruban, E.; Kortt, A.; Staroscik, K.; ... "IGHA1 immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-10-16 ...
Immunoglobulin G Deficiency: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
... immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin D (IgD), and immunoglobulin E (IgE). The ... Serum immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin G subclasses in children with allergic colitis. West Afr J Med. 1998 Jul-Sep. 17(3):206 ... Immunoglobulin G deficiency. Changes in serum immunoglobulin G concentrations during infancy and childhood. View Media Gallery ... encoded search term (Immunoglobulin G Deficiency) and Immunoglobulin G Deficiency What to Read Next on Medscape ...
تصفح حسب الموضوع "Immunoglobulin M"
The specificity of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in the fluorescent antibody test for malaria parasites in mice / by F ... Evaluation of commercially available anti-dengue virus immunoglobulin M tests Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative; UNICEF/ ... Reversed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of specific anti-Plasmodium falciparum immunoglobulin M antibodies / M ...
CSF Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Index: MedlinePlus Medical Test
IgG stands for immunoglobulin G. It is a type of antibody. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight germs ... URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/csf-immunoglobulin-g-igg-index/ CSF Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Index. ... Other names: cerebrospinal fluid IgG level, cerebrospinal fluid IgG measurement, CSF IgG level, IgG (Immunoglobulin G) spinal ... Immunoglobulin G Index; [cited 2022 May 24]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: https://www.labcorp.com/tests/002238/ ...
Immunoglobulin-Related Amyloidosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination
In nearly all cases, the deposits contain immunoglobulin light (L) chains or L-chain fragments, termed L chain-type amyloidosis ... Immunoglobulin-related amyloidosis is a monoclonal plasma cell disorder in which the secreted monoclonal immunoglobulin protein ... encoded search term (Immunoglobulin-Related Amyloidosis) and Immunoglobulin-Related Amyloidosis What to Read Next on Medscape ... Immunoglobulin-Related Amyloidosis Clinical Presentation. Updated: Jun 28, 2022 * Author: Slavomir Urbancek, MD, PhD; Chief ...
False-Positive Results with a Commercially Available West Nile Virus Immunoglobulin M Assay --- United States, 2008
FIGURE 1. Number of specimens (N = 568) testing positive for West Nile virus immunoglobulin M antibodies, using one lot from a ... FIGURE 2. Number of persons (N = 518) testing positive for West Nile virus immunoglobulin M antibodies using one lot from a ... Alternative Text: The figure above shows the 568 specimens testing positive for West Nile virus immunoglobulin M antibodies, ... False-Positive Results with a Commercially Available West Nile Virus Immunoglobulin M Assay --- United States, 2008. In ...
تصفح حسب الموضوع "Immunoglobulin M"
The specificity of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in the fluorescent antibody test for malaria parasites in mice / by F ... Evaluation of commercially available anti-dengue virus immunoglobulin M tests Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative; UNICEF/ ... Reversed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of specific anti-Plasmodium falciparum immunoglobulin M antibodies / M ...
Frontiers | Adverse Effects of Immunoglobulin Therapy
... and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. ... and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. ... Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various ... Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various ...
Anti-Coronavirus Immunoglobulin » FINCHANNEL
E-mail your company news at:. news (at) financial.ge Letters to the Editor: editor (at) finchannel.com. Local Marketing contact:. (+99532) 2252 275 , 76 EXT: 1 (+995 558) 03 03 03 (mobile) marketing (at) finchannel.com. Requests from abroad:. (+99532) 2252 275 , 76 EXT: 7 (+995599) 96 52 52 Email: zviadi (@) finchannel.com Contact video editor: E-mail: video (at) financial.ge. Postal address: 17 Mtskheta str. Tbilisi, Georgia 0179 The FINANCIAL ...
Blood Test: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) (for Parents) - Interactive Health
IGLC7 immunoglobulin lambda constant 7 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
immunoglobulin lambda constant 7provided by HGNC. Primary source. HGNC:HGNC:5861 See related. Ensembl:ENSG00000211685 IMGT/GENE ... Structure and expression of the human immunoglobulin lambda genes. Vasicek TJ, et al. J Exp Med, 1990 Aug 1. PMID 2115572, Free ... part_of immunoglobulin complex, circulating IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. more info ... Recognition of immunoglobulins by Fcgamma receptors. Radaev S, et al. Mol Immunol, 2002 May. PMID 11955599 ...
High-quality full-length immunoglobulin profiling with unique molecular barcoding | Nature Protocols
High-throughput sequencing analysis of hypermutating immunoglobulin (IG) repertoires remains a challenging task. Here we ... This protocol enables high-throughput sequencing analysis of the full-length immunoglobulin repertoires in human and mouse ... High-quality full-length immunoglobulin profiling with unique molecular barcoding. *M A Turchaninova1,2,3 na1, ... Onset of immune senescence defined by unbiased pyrosequencing of human immunoglobulin mRNA repertoires. PLoS One 7, e49774 ( ...
Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin-VF (CSL) | healthdirect
On this page about Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin-VF (CSL) you will find information relating to side effects, age restrictions, ... Other medicines containing the same active ingredients: hepatitis b virus immunoglobulin *Can I take Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin ... Brand name: Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin-VF (CSL) TM. Active ingredients: hepatitis b virus immunoglobulin ... Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin-VF is indicated for post-exposure prophylaxis in persons who did not receive prior vaccination, or ...
GLOBAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN MARKET FORECAST 2022-2030
KEY FINDINGS The global immunoglobulin market is anticipated to rise with a CAGR of 6.87% across the forecast years of 2022 to ... subsequently increasing the need for immunoglobulin products for their treatment.. REGIONAL INSIGHTS. The global immunoglobulin ... The global immunoglobulin market is anticipated to rise with a CAGR of 6.87% across the forecast years of 2022 to 2030. The ... Immunoglobulins are characterized as antibodies that are produced naturally by the bodys immune system.They primarily help ...
Immunoglobulin G-mediated inflammatory responses develop normally in complement-deficient mice
The role of complement in immunoglobulin G-triggered inflammation was studied in mice genetically deficient in complement ... Immunoglobulin G-mediated inflammatory responses develop normally in complement-deficient mice J Exp Med. 1996 Dec 1;184(6): ... The role of complement in immunoglobulin G-triggered inflammation was studied in mice genetically deficient in complement ...
Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency
... Classification & external resources The dimeric IgA ... Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is a relatively mild genetic immunodeficiency. People with this deficiency lack ... It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Selective_immunoglobulin_A_deficiency". A list of authors is available in ... There is an inherited inability to produce immunoglobulin A (IgA), a part of the bodys defenses against infection at the ...
Method for purifying immunoglobulin - Patent US-10287315-B2 - PubChem
Definition: Immunoglobulin (IgE) (for Teens) - Nemours KidsHealth
JCI -
Acute lung injury in rat caused by immunoglobulin A immune complexes.
Mouse IgG and IgA, with reactivity to dinitrophenol conjugated to carrier protein, have been isolated from myeloma proteins by means of a variety of affinity techniques. The IgA was predominantly in the dimeric form. The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of IgA-containing immune complexes were assessed in the rat. IgA-containing immune complexes were demonstrated, in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, to activate neutrophils and to generate O.-2. In addition, these immune complexes showed evidence of complement activation in vitro, by the use of immunofixation techniques. When IgA was instilled into the airways of rats and antigen was injected intravenously, acute lung injury occurred, as reflected by increases in lung permeability and morphological changes consisting of blebbing of endothelial cells, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and fibrin deposition. The lung changes were directly proportional to the amount of IgA instilled into the airways and failed to occur if intravenous injection of ...
Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solutions | Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
As a result of this decision, all stock of Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solutions in Australia will be recalled ... Adequate supplies of alternative intravenous immunoglobulin solution products are available for clinical use in Australia, and ... Doctors should cease using Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solutions immediately, and switch their patients to the most ... an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparation, manufactured by Octapharma in Europe. This product is supplied in Australia ...
Normal Mouse Immunoglobulin
Ighm MGI Mouse Gene Detail - MGI:96448 - immunoglobulin heavy constant mu
Immunoglobulin A | Review | InvivoGen
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the main effector of the mucosal immune system and provides an important first line of defense ... Mucosal immunoglobulins. Immunol Rev. 64-82. Review.. 2. Woof JM. & Kerr MA., 2007. The function of immunoglobulin A in ... Immunoglobulin A (IgA). Secretory IgA and the mucosal immune system. The mucosal surfaces represent the largest area of ... Immunoglobulin A (IgA), in its secretory form, is the main effector of the mucosal immune system and provides an important ...
Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs) - Lupus Erythromatosus A TO Z - Lupus Central Station
Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs). Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs) may be used to control SLE with organ involvement or ... See Patient Information Sheet on Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs). Source: National Institutes of Health, U.S.Dept of Health ... https://theodora.com/lupus_central_station/intravenous_immunoglobulins_ivigs.html Copyright © 1995-2021 Photius Coutsoukis (All ...
Gammaplex (Human Immunoglobulin G) - News
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) for Treatment of Unexplained Secondary Recurrent Miscarriage - Full Text View -...
Immunoglobulins. gamma-Globulins. Immunoglobulins, Intravenous. Rho(D) Immune Globulin. Immunologic Factors. Physiological ... Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) for Treatment of Unexplained Secondary Recurrent Miscarriage. The safety and scientific ... This clinical study will evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in improving the live birth rate in ... Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) for Treatment of Unexplained Secondary Recurrent Miscarriage: A Prospective, Randomized, ...
Anti-D immunoglobulin, human - Janusinfo.se
According to the European Medicines Agency guideline on environmental risk assessments for pharmaceuticals (EMA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00), vitamins, electrolytes, amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids proteins, vaccines and herbal medicinal products are exempted because they are unlikely to result in significant risk to the environment. ...
SCOPe 2.02: Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich
More info for Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich. Timeline for Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich: *Fold b.1 ... Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich appears in SCOPe 2.03. *Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich appears in the ... Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich first appeared (with stable ids) in SCOP 1.55. *Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich ... Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich [48725] (28 superfamilies). sandwich; 7 strands in 2 sheets; greek-key. some ...
British Library EThOS: Studies of immunoglobulin receptors and human proximal tubular cells
AntibodiesIVIGSerumSubclassesIntravenous immunoglobulin preparationsPreparationsSubcutaneousGenesProteinsDeficiencySuperfamilyTherapyForm a unique fingerprintReceptors2022AssayPatientsTitersComplementImmunodeficiencyType of antibodyInfusionIsotypesAdverse reactionsVaccineReceptorAcuteImmune system2002PrimaryPathogensAbundantClinical trialsBiomarkerHumanPlasmaBloodDiseasesInflammatoryTreatmentNeonatalImmunityHeavy chainsLevel
Antibodies13
- An IgA test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common types of antibodies in the body. (kidshealth.org)
- Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are proteins the immune system makes to recognize and get rid of germs . (kidshealth.org)
- Immunoglobulins are characterized as antibodies that are produced naturally by the body's immune system.They primarily help fight diseases and infections. (reportlinker.com)
- In the absence of normal IgA, the body can develop an immune response against IgA itself (anti-IgA antibodies), which can lead to severe reactions including anaphylaxis to blood transfusions or intravenous immunoglobulin . (bionity.com)
- We quantitatively determined the synthesis of specific antibodies in a patient with chikungunya disease by antibody index (AI) as described by Reiber and Felgenhauer ( 6 ).The antibody index discriminates the pathologic fraction of specific brain-derived CSF immunoglobulin, considering the transfer of blood proteins into CSF. (cdc.gov)
- IgA-deficient patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-class anti-IgA antibodies are at risk for anaphylaxis if they receive blood or intravenous immunoglobulin, but this situation is extremely rare. (medscape.com)
- Detection and quantification of antibodies, especially immunoglobulin G (IgG), is a cornerstone of ELISAs, many diagnostics, and the development of antibody-based drugs. (houstonmethodist.org)
- Immunoglobulin therapy injects antibodies into the blood. (epnet.com)
- They carry enzymes, antibodies (immunoglobulins) and other proteins. (aidsmap.com)
- After weekslong hospitalizations and ongoing psychiatric medications, the two UCSF patients, whose cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and anti-neural antibodies, were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, an immunomodulatory therapy that curbs inflammation in autoimmune disorders. (medicalxpress.com)
- Clinical manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) diseases are caused by the release of proinflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins) from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-sensitized effector cells (mast cells and basophils) when cell-bound IgE antibodies interact with allergen. (mayocliniclabs.com)
- Immunoglobulins are also called antibodies. (medlineplus.gov)
- The laboratory diagnosis is usually performed by testing the plasma or serum to detect the virus, viral nucleic acid or virus specific immunoglobulin M and neutralizing antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
IVIG10
- Performing an early assessment of risk factors, infusing at a slow rate, premedicating, and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. (frontiersin.org)
- Hence, many scholars began to explore intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations. (frontiersin.org)
- The TGA has become aware of reports of a markedly increased incidence of serious adverse reactions associated with Octagam, an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparation, manufactured by Octapharma in Europe. (tga.gov.au)
- This clinical study will evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in improving the live birth rate in couples who suffer from secondary recurrent miscarriage. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Increasing awareness of IRT options for patients with PIDs, which is given as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg), and the pros and cons of IVIg versus SCIg. (allergy.org.au)
- This survey is aimed specifically at adults with PI who currently receive either Subcutaneous (SCIG) or Intravenous (IVIG) immunoglobulin replacement. (primaryimmune.org)
- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) use in non-approved indications, the increase in consumption and its high cost recommend rationalisation in its utilisation. (cun.es)
- Purpose: Several side effects of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) therapy are known, but it has never been reported to be associated with cardiac rhythm abnormalities other than sinus tachycardia. (cmich.edu)
- Although timely diagnosis and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) are critical to reduce the incidence of coronary artery aneurysms, 8 diagnosis of KD is still established based on clinical criteria supported by laboratory evidence of acute inflammation and there is no specific diagnostic test to aid the clinician. (lww.com)
- Observational benefit has been suggested from oral immunosuppressants, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), rituximab, and tocilizumab. (elsevier.com)
Serum7
- After eliminating conditions that may increase susceptibility to infection (eg, adenoid hypertrophy, cystic fibrosis , immunosuppression), an initial workup may include CBC, quantitative serum immunoglobulins, IgG vaccine titers, and complement testing. (arupconsult.com)
- Suspected PIDDs should be evaluated in a stepwise fashion, with initial, nonspecific testing that includes measurement of total serum immunoglobulin and evaluation of antibody titers. (arupconsult.com)
- No defined blood test or tumour markers are currently available to diagnose this entity except serum immunoglobulin G4 which is costly and not feasible to get done in all patients especially in developing nations like India. (researchsquare.com)
- Characterization of the optimal stimulatory effects of graves' monoclonal and serum immunoglobulin G on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate production in fRTL-5 thyroid cells: a potential clinical assay. (unipi.it)
- In this study, homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A levels are found as the independent predictors of hepatic fibrosis. (uwi.edu)
- Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Immunoglobulin M (IgM) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (todayfinancialnews.com)
- Serum immunoglobulins were within normal limits. (glomcon.org)
Subclasses2
- Human immunoglobulin G subclasses. (medscape.com)
- IMMUNOGLOBULIN M ) and various subclasses. (bvsalud.org)
Intravenous immunoglobulin preparations2
- Although thromboembolic events are a known rare adverse event associated with the administration of all intravenous immunoglobulin preparations, as described in the prescribing information for these products, there has recently been a steady accumulation of such events reported following administration of Octagam in Europe and the USA, with a marked increase in incidence noted during the last few months of 2010. (tga.gov.au)
- Individuals with such an unusual profile should receive only low IgA intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. (medscape.com)
Preparations4
- These adverse effects are associated with specific immunoglobulin preparations and individual differences. (frontiersin.org)
- Intramuscular immunoglobulin preparations were not widely applied because of their poor tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
- Biomeda's immunoglobulin (IgG) preparations are used for affinity columns, blocking agents, and normal controls in a variety of immuno assays. (biomeda.com)
- Immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparations derived from the sera of patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease (TSAb) as well as a monoclonal IgG derived from heterohybridoma fusions of Graves' lymphocytes augmented cAMP levels in a continuous strain of functioning rat thyroid cells (clone FRTL-5) in culture. (unipi.it)
Subcutaneous2
Genes3
- Adaptive immune responses require rearrangement of the genes responsible for the specific recognition structures, ie, immunoglobulins for humoral immunity and T-cell receptors for cellular immunity. (medscape.com)
- Structure and expression of the human immunoglobulin lambda genes. (nih.gov)
- They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES . (bvsalud.org)
Proteins2
- Although albuminuria is most widely studied, higher molecular weight proteins such as immunoglobulins (Ig) are more associated with progression of renal disease. (bl.uk)
- Immunoglobulin therapies are unique biologics and replace missing or functionally impaired proteins in individuals born with a range of genetic and often life-threatening diseases. (pptaglobal.org)
Deficiency7
- IgG deficiencies may occur as isolated deficiencies (eg, selective IgG deficiency) or in association with deficiencies of other immunoglobulin types. (medscape.com)
- For information on deficiencies of other immunoglobulin types, see the Medscape Reference articles IgA Deficiency , IgD Deficiency , and IgM Deficiency . (medscape.com)
- Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is a relatively mild genetic immunodeficiency . (bionity.com)
- People with this deficiency lack immunoglobulin A (IgA), a type of antibody that protects against infections of the mucous membranes lining the mouth, airways, and digestive tract. (bionity.com)
- It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Selective_immunoglobulin_A_deficiency" . (bionity.com)
- Anti-D immunoglobulin treatment for thrombocytopenia associated with primary antibody deficiency. (medscape.com)
- Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease and is the most common of the primary antibody deficiencies. (medscape.com)
Superfamily3
- CD3, also known as T3, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays a role in antigen recognition, signal transduction, and T cell activation. (biolegend.com)
- The MRC OX-45 antigen of rat leukocytes and endothelium is in a subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily with CD2, LFA-3 and carcinoembryonic antigens. (hcdm.org)
- 2B4, the natural killer and T cell immunoglobulin superfamily surface protein, is a ligand for CD48. (hcdm.org)
Therapy5
- In 1952, Bruton ( 12 ) was the first to use immunoglobulin to treat a patient identified as immunodeficient, and it later became a standard therapy for immunodeficiency diseases. (frontiersin.org)
- Patients who receive immunoglobulin therapy are often treated with immunoglobulin in repeated infusions over a long period of time, and the incidence of adverse effects related to immunoglobulin varies across a wide range. (frontiersin.org)
- Assisting GPs, paediatricians and other medical specialists to recognise the early signs of PID and refer patients to a clinical immunologist to confirm diagnosis and initiate treatment, including immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) if required. (allergy.org.au)
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy," by Geerts et al. (neurology.org)
- Share Your Experiences with Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy. (primaryimmune.org)
Form a unique fingerprint1
- Dive into the research topics of 'Protein A-Nanoluciferase fusion protein for generalized, sensitive detection of immunoglobulin G'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (houstonmethodist.org)
Receptors3
- Recognition of immunoglobulins by Fcgamma receptors. (nih.gov)
- The receptors studied include the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), the neonatal receptor (FcRn), the Fcα/μR, the classical IgG receptors (FcγR1, γIIa, γIIb, γIII and the related FcR γ-chain) and the classical IgA receptor (FcαR). (bl.uk)
- In humans, CD94/NKG2A receptor and the variable killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) recognizing HLA I molecules on target cells are common inhibitory receptors. (miltenyibiotec.com)
20221
- The global immunoglobulin market is anticipated to rise with a CAGR of 6.87% across the forecast years of 2022 to 2030. (reportlinker.com)
Assay3
- Detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is possible within 2 weeks of infection using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, the IgG avidity test, and the agglutination and differential agglutination tests. (medscape.com)
- In September 2008, CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and state health departments began a nationwide investigation into an increase in false-positive test results obtained with a commercially available West Nile virus (WNV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (cdc.gov)
- Establishment of an immunoglobulin A-deficient blood donor registry with a simple in-house screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (medscape.com)
Patients5
- Doctors should cease using Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solutions immediately, and switch their patients to the most appropriate alternative treatment. (tga.gov.au)
- Patients and health care providers should report any adverse events that have occurred following administration of Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solution to the TGA via the Adverse Medicine Events Line (1300 134 237), online via ' Report a problem with a medicine ', or using the 'Blue Card' Prepaid Reporting Form . (tga.gov.au)
- Data on the number of patients, immunoglobulin market shares and drug unit costs were derived from the IMS Health hospital disease database and from Belgian sources. (scirp.org)
- B. Hogy, H. O. Keinecke, M. Borte, (2005) Pharma-coeconomic evaluation of immunoglobulin treatment in patients with antibody deficiencies from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance. (scirp.org)
- Patients and Methods: We describe the development of cardiac dysrhythmias during intravenous immunoglobulin G infusion in two children with thrombocytopenia. (cmich.edu)
Titers1
- Anti- Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers present a 4-fold increase that peak 6-8 weeks after infection and then decline over the next 2 years, although they remain detectable for life. (medscape.com)
Complement1
- The role of complement in immunoglobulin G-triggered inflammation was studied in mice genetically deficient in complement components C3 and C4. (nih.gov)
Immunodeficiency5
- Immunoglobulin has been widely used in a variety of diseases, including primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases, neuromuscular diseases, and Kawasaki disease. (frontiersin.org)
- Applications involving immunoglobulin have expanded to include treatment for immunodeficiency diseases, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Kawasaki disease, and neurologic disorders (including Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, multiple myositis, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune encephalitis) ( 2 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
- The aim of this study is to compute the budget impact of adopting Kiovig, a new ready-to-use 10% liquid immunoglobulin preparation, as a treatment for primary immunodeficiency from the perspective of the Belgian health care payer. (scirp.org)
- The analysis compared the "world with Kiovig" to the "world without Kiovig" and calculated how a change in the mix of immunoglobulins used to treat primary immunodeficiency would impact drug spending during 2010-2014. (scirp.org)
- This document is a source for ASCIA IRT e-training for health professionals which is available at https://immunodeficiency.ascia.org.au This e-training course was developed as part of the National Prescribing Service (NPS) MedicineWise ViP Immunoglobulin project. (allergy.org.au)
Type of antibody2
- IgG stands for immunoglobulin G. It is a type of antibody. (medlineplus.gov)
- An immunoglobulin E (IgE) test measures the level of IgE, a type of antibody. (connecticutchildrens.org)
Infusion1
- This survey aims to learn more about how we can improve the infusion experiences for those who depend on immunoglobulin. (primaryimmune.org)
Isotypes2
- Immunoglobulins have important roles in humoral immunity, and they consist of 5 major classes or isotypes: immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin D (IgD), and immunoglobulin E (IgE). (medscape.com)
- IgE is set apart from the other immunoglobulin isotypes by its very low plasma levels and short half-life. (jci.org)
Adverse reactions1
- Process that minimizes or prevents immunoglobulin-associated adverse reactions. (frontiersin.org)
Vaccine1
- Fortunately, rabies can be prevented by administering vaccine and immunoglobulin after an exposure occurs. (cdc.gov)
Receptor1
- Predicted to enable antigen binding activity and immunoglobulin receptor binding activity. (nih.gov)
Acute1
- Acute lung injury in rat caused by immunoglobulin A immune complexes. (jci.org)
Immune system3
- The rise in the geriatric population across the world is a leading factor expected to fuel the global immunoglobulin market growth over the forecasted years.As an individual ages, their immune system tends to deteriorate and responds relatively slower. (reportlinker.com)
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA), in its secretory form, is the main effector of the mucosal immune system and provides an important first line of defense against most pathogens that invade the body at a mucosal surface [1] . (invivogen.com)
- An antibody, also called immunoglobulin, is a protective protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance, called an antigen. (proteomicsresource.org)
20021
- 2002. Multiple functions of immunoglobulin A in mucosal defense against viruses: an in vitro measles virus model. (invivogen.com)
Primary2
- Recent media reports have described access issues regarding immunoglobulin (Ig) therapies relied on by people living with primary immunodeficiencies. (pptaglobal.org)
- Finally, by the same rule, B cells must first release M then G immunoglobulin on primary exposure. (neetexambooster.in)
Pathogens1
- The best line of defense against invading pathogens in the newborn dairy calf is the immunoglobulins from colostrum that are absorbed in the small intestine. (scielo.sa.cr)
Abundant2
- The most abundant class of immunoglobulins in the blood is IgG (73%), which has a molecular weight of 150 kd. (medscape.com)
- Secretory IgA (SIgA) represents the most abundant immunoglobulin of body secretions such as saliva, tears, colostrum and gastrointestinal secretions. (invivogen.com)
Clinical trials1
- Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various adverse effects have been reported. (frontiersin.org)
Biomarker1
- They include biomarker-immunoglobulin M (IgM) complexes, which have been found in several neoplastic diseases, such as colorectal, liver, and prostate cancer [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Human2
- 11 ) successfully developed a process for the large-scale production of human immunoglobulin. (frontiersin.org)
- 2007. Non-Human Transgenic Mammal for the Constant Region of the Class a Human Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain and Applications Thereof. (invivogen.com)
Plasma1
- Immunoglobulins, which are protein molecules that contain antibody activity, are produced by the terminal cells of B-cell differentiation known as plasma cells. (medscape.com)
Blood3
- Immunoglobulin, also known as gamma globulin, is a therapeutic preparation comprising pooled blood donated from large numbers of healthy people. (frontiersin.org)
- What is an immunoglobulins blood test? (medlineplus.gov)
- This test measures the amount of immunoglobulins in your blood. (medlineplus.gov)
Diseases1
- Hence, the growth in the elderly is set to augment the prevalence of age-related diseases, subsequently increasing the need for immunoglobulin products for their treatment. (reportlinker.com)
Inflammatory1
- Cytokines and inflammatory factors regulating immunoglobulin production in aggressive periodontitis. (bvsalud.org)
Treatment1
- The aim of this treatment is to replace immunoglobulin to maintain normal Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, with the dose used individualised for each patient. (allergy.org.au)
Neonatal1
- Intravenous immunoglobulin for prophylaxis of neonatal sepsis in premature infants. (bmj.com)
Immunity2
- B-cell immunity is mediated by the immunoglobulins and is commonly referred to as humoral immunity. (medscape.com)
- 2007. The function of immunoglobulin A in immunity. (invivogen.com)
Heavy chains1
- They are comprised of two heavy ( IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS ) and two light chains ( IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS ) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. (bvsalud.org)
Level1
- The competitive rivalry within the global immunoglobulin market is intense and is anticipated to remain high during the forecast period.Furthermore, the presence of numerous leading market players across various regions facilitates a higher level of competition since the industry is fragmented. (reportlinker.com)