Immunoglobulin g. Medical search

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

The largest of polypeptide chains comprising immunoglobulins. They contain 450 to 600 amino acid residues per chain, and have molecular weights of 51-72 kDa.

Immunoglobulin preparations used in intravenous infusion, containing primarily IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. They are used to treat a variety of diseases associated with decreased or abnormal immunoglobulin levels including pediatric AIDS; primary HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; SCID; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS infections in transplant recipients, LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC; Kawasaki syndrome, infection in neonates, and IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA.

Genes encoding the different subunits of the IMMUNOGLOBULINS, for example the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN GENES and the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES. The heavy and light immunoglobulin genes are present as gene segments in the germline cells. The completed genes are created when the segments are shuffled and assembled (B-LYMPHOCYTE GENE REARRANGEMENT) during B-LYMPHOCYTE maturation. The gene segments of the human light and heavy chain germline genes are symbolized V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant). The heavy chain germline genes have an additional segment D (diversity).

Polypeptide chains, consisting of 211 to 217 amino acid residues and having a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa. There are two major types of light chains, kappa and lambda. Two Ig light chains and two Ig heavy chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) make one immunoglobulin molecule.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

One of the types of light chains of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa.

Crystallizable fragments composed of the carboxy-terminal halves of both IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fc fragments contain the carboxy-terminal parts of the heavy chain constant regions that are responsible for the effector functions of an immunoglobulin (COMPLEMENT fixation, binding to the cell membrane via FC RECEPTORS, and placental transport). This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.

The classes of immunoglobulins found in any species of animal. In man there are nine classes that migrate in five different groups in electrophoresis; they each consist of two light and two heavy protein chains, and each group has distinguishing structural and functional properties.

An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

The principle immunoglobulin in exocrine secretions such as milk, respiratory and intestinal mucin, saliva and tears. The complete molecule (around 400 kD) is composed of two four-chain units of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, one SECRETORY COMPONENT and one J chain (IMMUNOGLOBULIN J-CHAINS).

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. It includes hypervariable regions (COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGIONS) and framework regions.

Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. They have a molecular weight of approximately 72 kDa and they contain about 57 amino acid residues arranged in five domains and have more oligosaccharide branches and a higher carbohydrate content than the heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

One of the types of light chain subunits of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

An immunoglobulin which accounts for less than 1% of plasma immunoglobulin. It is found on the membrane of many circulating B LYMPHOCYTES.

The domains of the immunoglobulin molecules that are invariable in their amino acid sequence within any class or subclass of immunoglobulin. They confer biological as well as structural functions to immunoglobulins. One each on both the light chains and the heavy chains comprises the C-terminus half of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FAB FRAGMENT and two or three of them make up the rest of the heavy chains (all of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FC FRAGMENT)

Heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G having a molecular weight of approximately 51 kDa. They contain about 450 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component covalently bound to the Fc fragment constant region. The gamma heavy chain subclasses (for example, gamma 1, gamma 2a, and gamma 2b) of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN G isotype subclasses (IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B) resemble each other more closely than the heavy chains of the other IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES.

Partial immunoglobulin molecules resulting from selective cleavage by proteolytic enzymes or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Gene rearrangement of the B-lymphocyte which results in a substitution in the type of heavy-chain constant region that is expressed. This allows the effector response to change while the antigen binding specificity (variable region) remains the same. The majority of class switching occurs by a DNA recombination event but it also can take place at the level of RNA processing.

A protein present in the cell wall of most Staphylococcus aureus strains. The protein selectively binds to the Fc region of human normal and myeloma-derived IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. It elicits antibody activity and may cause hypersensitivity reactions due to histamine release; has also been used as cell surface antigen marker and in the clinical assessment of B lymphocyte function.

Allelic variants of the immunoglobulin light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) or heavy chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) encoded by ALLELES of IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

Molecules found on the surface of some, but not all, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, which recognize and combine with the Fc (crystallizable) portion of immunoglobulin molecules.

Specific molecular sites on the surface of various cells, including B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that combine with IMMUNOGLOBULIN Gs. Three subclasses exist: Fc gamma RI (the CD64 antigen, a low affinity receptor), Fc gamma RII (the CD32 antigen, a high affinity receptor), and Fc gamma RIII (the CD16 antigen, a low affinity receptor).

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

A 15 kD "joining" peptide that forms one of the linkages between monomers of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M in the formation of polymeric immunoglobulins. There is one J chain per one IgA dimer or one IgM pentamer. It is also involved in binding the polymeric immunoglobulins to POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR which is necessary for their transcytosis to the lumen. It is distinguished from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN JOINING REGION which is part of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains.

A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.

Abnormal immunoglobulins characteristic of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Specialized Fc receptors (RECEPTORS, FC) for polymeric immunoglobulins, which mediate transcytosis of polymeric IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN M into external secretions. They are found on the surfaces of epithelial cells and hepatocytes. After binding to IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, the receptor-ligand complex undergoes endocytosis, transport by vesicle, and secretion into the lumen by exocytosis. Before release, the part of the receptor (SECRETORY COMPONENT) that is bound to IMMUNOGLOBULIN A is proteolytically cleaved from its transmembrane tail. (From Rosen et al., The Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

A segment of the immunoglobulin heavy chains, encoded by the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES in the J segment where, during the maturation of B-LYMPHOCYTES; the gene segment for the variable region upstream is joined to a constant region gene segment downstream. The exact position of joining of the two gene segments is variable and contributes to ANTIBODY DIVERSITY. It is distinguished from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN J CHAINS; a separate polypeptide that serves as a linkage piece in polymeric IGA or IGM.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

IMMUNOGLOBULINS on the surface of B-LYMPHOCYTES. Their MESSENGER RNA contains an EXON with a membrane spanning sequence, producing immunoglobulins in the form of type I transmembrane proteins as opposed to secreted immunoglobulins (ANTIBODIES) which do not contain the membrane spanning segment.

Serum globulins that migrate to the gamma region (most positively charged) upon ELECTROPHORESIS. At one time, gamma-globulins came to be used as a synonym for immunoglobulins since most immunoglobulins are gamma globulins and conversely most gamma globulins are immunoglobulins. But since some immunoglobulins exhibit an alpha or beta electrophoretic mobility, that usage is in decline.

Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES.) They are formed from parts of the variable regions of FAB FRAGMENTS.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.

Proteins that bind to particles and cells to increase susceptibility to PHAGOCYTOSIS, especially ANTIBODIES bound to EPITOPES that attach to FC RECEPTORS. COMPLEMENT C3B may also participate.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Unique genetically-controlled determinants present on ANTIBODIES whose specificity is limited to a single group of proteins (e.g., another antibody molecule or an individual myeloma protein). The idiotype appears to represent the antigenicity of the antigen-binding site of the antibody and to be genetically codetermined with it. The idiotypic determinants have been precisely located to the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of both immunoglobin polypeptide chains.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Genes and gene segments encoding the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS. Gene segments of the heavy chain genes are symbolized V (variable), D (diversity), J (joining), and C (constant).

A programmed mutation process whereby changes are introduced to the nucleotide sequence of immunoglobulin gene DNA during development.

An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.

Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.

The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.

The type (and only) species of RUBIVIRUS causing acute infection in humans, primarily children and young adults. Humans are the only natural host. A live, attenuated vaccine is available for prophylaxis.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN D. They have a molecular weight of approximately 64 kDa and they contain about 500 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component covalently bound to the Fc fragment constant region.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

A site located in the INTRONS at the 5' end of each constant region segment of a immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene where recombination (or rearrangement) occur during IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASS SWITCHING. Ig switch regions are found on genes encoding all five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES) of IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN A. They have a molecular weight of approximately 58 kDa and contain about 470 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component bound covalently to their Fc fragment constant region.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk.

Allelic variants of the gamma-immunoglobulin heavy chain (IMMUNOGLOBULIN GAMMA-CHAINS) encoded by ALLELES of IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES.

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

A genus of protozoa parasitic to birds and mammals. T. gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic animal parasites of man.

The extracellular moiety of the POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR found alone or complexed with IGA or IGM, in a variety of external secretions (tears, bile, colostrum.) Secretory component is derived by proteolytic cleavage of the receptor during transcytosis. When immunoglobulins IgA and IgM are bound to the receptor, during their transcytosis secretory component becomes covalently attached to them generating SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN A or secretory IMMUNOGLOBULIN M.

A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process. The larger fragment C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Specialized forms of antibody-producing B-LYMPHOCYTES. They synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin. They are found only in lymphoid organs and at sites of immune responses and normally do not circulate in the blood or lymph. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989, p169 & Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p20)

The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Antibodies found in adult RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS patients that are directed against GAMMA-CHAIN IMMUNOGLOBULINS.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to HELMINTH ANTIGENS.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

An acute infectious disease caused by the RUBELLA VIRUS. The virus enters the respiratory tract via airborne droplet and spreads to the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.

Ordered rearrangement of B-lymphocyte variable gene regions of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS, thereby contributing to antibody diversity. It occurs during the first stage of differentiation of the IMMATURE B-LYMPHOCYTES.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Nonsusceptibility to the pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or antigenic substances as a result of antibody secretions of the mucous membranes. Mucosal epithelia in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts produce a form of IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) that serves to protect these ports of entry into the body.

Ordered rearrangement of B-lymphocyte variable gene regions coding for the IMMUNOGLOBULIN CHAINS, thereby contributing to antibody diversity. It occurs during the differentiation of the IMMATURE B-LYMPHOCYTES.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.

Serologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red cell suspension. Reaction result is expressed as the smallest amount of antigen which causes complete inhibition of hemagglutination.

Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.

A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.

Any of numerous agile, hollow-horned RUMINANTS of the genus Capra, in the family Bovidae, closely related to the SHEEP.

Autoantibodies that bind to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (RECEPTORS, THYROTROPIN) on thyroid epithelial cells. The autoantibodies mimic TSH causing an unregulated production of thyroid hormones characteristic of GRAVES DISEASE.

A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Cells of the lymphoid series that can react with antigen to produce specific cell products called antibodies. Various cell subpopulations, often B-lymphocytes, can be defined, based on the different classes of immunoglobulins that they synthesize.

Proteins isolated from the roots of the pokeweed, Phytolacca americana, that agglutinate some erythrocytes, stimulate mitosis and antibody synthesis in lymphocytes, and induce activation of plasma cells.

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

The period of recovery following an illness.

Substances, usually of biological origin, that cause cells or other organic particles to aggregate and stick to each other. They include those ANTIBODIES which cause aggregation or agglutination of particulate or insoluble ANTIGENS.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using an immunosorbent containing the homologous antigen or antibody.

Genes and gene segments encoding the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS. Gene segments of the light chain genes are designated as V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant).

The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN E. They have a molecular weight of approximately 72 kDa and they contain about 550 amino acid residues arranged in five domains and about three times more carbohydrate than the heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.

A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. This activity needs to be distinguished from the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy, which is measured by a SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development.

A soluble factor produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that induces the expression of MHC CLASS II GENES and FC RECEPTORS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and causes their proliferation and differentiation. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, MAST CELLS, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells.

An abnormal protein with unusual thermosolubility characteristics that is found in the urine of patients with MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Ordered rearrangement of B-lymphocyte variable gene regions coding for the kappa or lambda IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS, thereby contributing to antibody diversity. It occurs during the second stage of differentiation of the IMMATURE B-LYMPHOCYTES.

Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and/or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The sequential activation of serum COMPLEMENT PROTEINS to create the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Factors initiating complement activation include ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES, microbial ANTIGENS, or cell surface POLYSACCHARIDES.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.

The in vitro formation of clusters consisting of a cell (usually a lymphocyte) surrounded by antigenic cells or antigen-bearing particles (usually erythrocytes, which may or may not be coated with antibody or antibody and complement). The rosette-forming cell may be an antibody-forming cell, a memory cell, a T-cell, a cell bearing surface cytophilic antibodies, or a monocyte possessing Fc receptors. Rosette formation can be used to identify specific populations of these cells.

Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Antisera from immunized animals that is purified and used as a passive immunizing agent against specific BACTERIAL TOXINS.

The phenomenon of immense variability characteristic of ANTIBODIES. It enables the IMMUNE SYSTEM to react specifically against the essentially unlimited kinds of ANTIGENS it encounters. Antibody diversity is accounted for by three main theories: (1) the Germ Line Theory, which holds that each antibody-producing cell has genes coding for all possible antibody specificities, but expresses only the one stimulated by antigen; (2) the Somatic Mutation Theory, which holds that antibody-producing cells contain only a few genes, which produce antibody diversity by mutation; and (3) the Gene Rearrangement Theory, which holds that antibody diversity is generated by the rearrangement of IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION gene segments during the differentiation of the ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)

Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.

A subcomponent of complement C1, composed of six copies of three polypeptide chains (A, B, and C), each encoded by a separate gene (C1QA; C1QB; C1QC). This complex is arranged in nine subunits (six disulfide-linked dimers of A and B, and three disulfide-linked homodimers of C). C1q has binding sites for antibodies (the heavy chain of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M). The interaction of C1q and immunoglobulin activates the two proenzymes COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S, thus initiating the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION via the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY.

A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.

Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

Allelic variants of the kappa light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA-CHAINS) encoded by ALLELES of IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN GENES.

Formed from pig pepsinogen by cleavage of one peptide bond. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain and is inhibited by methyl 2-diaazoacetamidohexanoate. It cleaves peptides preferentially at the carbonyl linkages of phenylalanine or leucine and acts as the principal digestive enzyme of gastric juice.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic molecules.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and parasitic diseases. The parasitic infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.

Chimeric molecules resulting from the fusion of recombinant soluble CD4 to the Fc portion of immunoglobulins. These have potential use in the therapy of AIDS since they possess both the gp120-binding and HIV-blocking properties of rCD4 as well as the long plasma half-life and Fc receptor-binding functions of immunoglobulin.

Proteins found in any species of protozoan.

A spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus CAMPYLOBACTER, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus HELICOBACTER. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. nov. (see Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989 Oct;39(4):297-405).

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The role of colorstrum on the occurrence of immunoglobulin G subclasses and antibody production in neonatal goats. (1/23942)

Quantitative determinations of IgG1 and IgG2, in one group of colostrum-fed and one group of colostrum-deprived neonatal goats revealed that the occurrence of the IgG1 subclass preceeded that of the IgG2 in both cases. In the colostrum-fed animals the IgG2 appeared, on an average, in the fourth week of life whereas in the colostrum-deprived animals the IgG2 was detected as early as three weeks after birth. At the age of twelve weeks the mean concentrations for IgG, and IgG2 were higher in the animals deprived of colostrum. The immune response to human gamma globulin was studied in colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived neonatal goats which were immunized at birth and again after four and eight weeks. Following the first two antigen administrations a significantly higher response was obtained in the colostrum-fed neonates. However, the third injection determined a similar response in both groups. A marked suppressive effect on the immune response was observed in colostrum-fed neonatal goats when specific antibodies were present in the colostrum after preimmunization of the mothers with human gamma globulin. (+info)

Features of the immune response to DNA in mice. I. Genetic control. (2/23942)

The genetic control of the immune response to DNA was studied in various strains of mice F1 hybrids and corresponding back-crosses immunized with single stranded DNA complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin. Anti-DNA antibody response was measured by radioimmuno-logical technique. High responder, low responder, and intermediate responder strains were found and the ability to respond to DNA was characterized as a dominant genetic trait which is not linked to the major locus of histocompatibility. Studies in back-crosses suggested that this immune response is under multigenic control. High responder mice produce both anti-double stranded DNA and anti-single stranded DNA 7S and 19S antibodies, while low responder mice produce mainly anti-single stranded DNA 19S antibodies. (+info)

VEGF is required for growth and survival in neonatal mice. (3/23942)

We employed two independent approaches to inactivate the angiogenic protein VEGF in newborn mice: inducible, Cre-loxP- mediated gene targeting, or administration of mFlt(1-3)-IgG, a soluble VEGF receptor chimeric protein. Partial inhibition of VEGF achieved by inducible gene targeting resulted in increased mortality, stunted body growth and impaired organ development, most notably of the liver. Administration of mFlt(1-3)-IgG, which achieves a higher degree of VEGF inhibition, resulted in nearly complete growth arrest and lethality. Ultrastructural analysis documented alterations in endothelial and other cell types. Histological and biochemical changes consistent with liver and renal failure were observed. Endothelial cells isolated from the liver of mFlt(1-3)-IgG-treated neonates demonstrated an increased apoptotic index, indicating that VEGF is required not only for proliferation but also for survival of endothelial cells. However, such treatment resulted in less significant alterations as the animal matured, and the dependence on VEGF was eventually lost some time after the fourth postnatal week. Administration of mFlt(1-3)-IgG to juvenile mice failed to induce apoptosis in liver endothelial cells. Thus, VEGF is essential for growth and survival in early postnatal life. However, in the fully developed animal, VEGF is likely to be involved primarily in active angiogenesis processes such as corpus luteum development. (+info)

Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. III. Modulation of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte hydrolase release response to Actinomyces viscosus and Streptococcus mutans by immunoglobulins and complement. (4/23942)

In the absence of antiserum, rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) released lysosomal enzymes in response to Actinomyces viscosus (19246) but not to Streptococcus mutans (6715). Antibodies had a marked modulating influence on these reactions. PMN hydrolase release was significantly enhanced to both organisms when specific rabbit antiserum and isolated immunoglobulin G (IgG) were included in the incubations. Immune complex F(ab')2 fragments of IgG directed against S. mutans agglutinated bacteria. Immune complexes consisting of S. mutans and F(ab')2 fragments of IgG directed against this organism were not effective as bacteria-IgG complexes in stimulating PMN release. The intensity of the release response to bacteria-IgG complexes was also diminished when PMNs were preincubated with isolated Fc fragments derived from IgG. Fresh serum as a source of complement components had no demonstrable effect on PMN release either alone or in conjuction with antiserum in these experiments. These data may be relevant to the mechanisms and consequences of the interaction of PMNs and plaque bacteria in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. (+info)

Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis by gene delivery of soluble p75 tumour necrosis factor receptor. (5/23942)

Collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice can be passively transferred to SCID mice with spleen B- and T-lymphocytes. In the present study, we show that infection ex vivo of splenocytes from arthritic DBA/1 mice with a retroviral vector, containing cDNA for the soluble form of human p75 receptor of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-R) before transfer, prevents the development of arthritis, bone erosion and joint inflammation in the SCID recipients. Assessment of IgG subclass levels and studies of synovial histology suggest that down-regulating the effector functions of T helper-type 1 (Th1) cells may, at least in part, explain the inhibition of arthritis in the SCID recipients. In contrast, the transfer of splenocytes infected with mouse TNF-alpha gene construct resulted in exacerbated arthritis and enhancement of IgG2a antibody levels. Intriguingly, infection of splenocytes from arthritic DBA/1 mice with a construct for mouse IL-10 had no modulating effect on the transfer of arthritis. The data suggest that manipulation of the immune system with cytokines, or cytokine inhibitors using gene transfer protocols can be an effective approach to ameliorate arthritis. (+info)

Variable domain-linked oligosaccharides of a human monoclonal IgG: structure and influence on antigen binding. (6/23942)

The variable-domain-attached oligosaccharide side chains of a human IgG produced by a human-human-mouse heterohybridoma were analysed. In addition to the conserved N-glycosylation site at Asn-297, an N-glycosylation consensus sequence (Asn-Asn-Ser) is located at position 75 in the variable region of its heavy chain. The antibody was cleaved into its antigen-binding (Fab) and crystallizing fragments. The oligosaccharides of the Fab fragment were released by digestion with various endo- and exoglycosidases and analysed by anion-exchange chromatography and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. The predominant components were disialyl- bi-antennary and tetra-sialyl tetra-antennary complex carbohydrates. Of note is the presence in this human IgG of oligosaccharides containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid and N-acetylneuraminic acid in the ratio of 94:6. Furthermore, we determined N-acetylgalactosamine in the Fab fragment of this antibody, suggesting the presence of O-linked carbohydrates. A three-dimensional structure of the glycosylated variable (Fv) fragment was suggested using computer-assisted modelling. In addition, the influence of the Fv-associated oligosaccharides of the CBGA1 antibody on antigen binding was tested in several ELISA systems. Deglycosylation resulted in a decreased antigen-binding activity. (+info)

Zonula occludens toxin is a powerful mucosal adjuvant for intranasally delivered antigens. (7/23942)

Zonula occludens toxin (Zot) is produced by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae and has the ability to reversibly alter intestinal epithelial tight junctions, allowing the passage of macromolecules through the mucosal barrier. In the present study, we investigated whether Zot could be exploited to deliver soluble antigens through the nasal mucosa for the induction of antigen-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses. Intranasal immunization of mice with ovalbumin (Ova) and recombinant Zot, either fused to the maltose-binding protein (MBP-Zot) or with a hexahistidine tag (His-Zot), induced anti-Ova serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers that were approximately 40-fold higher than those induced by immunization with antigen alone. Interestingly, Zot also stimulated high anti-Ova IgA titers in serum, as well as in vaginal and intestinal secretions. A comparison with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) revealed that the adjuvant activity of Zot was only sevenfold lower than that of LT. Moreover, Zot and LT induced similar patterns of Ova-specific IgG subclasses. The subtypes IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b were all stimulated, with a predominance of IgG1 and IgG2b. In conclusion, our results highlight Zot as a novel potent mucosal adjuvant of microbial origin. (+info)

The levels and bactericidal capacity of antibodies directed against the UspA1 and UspA2 outer membrane proteins of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis in adults and children. (8/23942)

The UspA1 and UspA2 proteins from Moraxella catarrhalis share antigenic epitopes and are promising vaccine candidates. In this study, the levels and bactericidal activities of antibodies in sera from healthy adults and children toward UspA1 and UspA2 from the O35E strain were measured. Human sera contained antibodies to both proteins, and the levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were age dependent. Adult sera had significantly higher titers of IgG than child sera (P < 0.01). The IgG3 titers to the UspA proteins were higher than the IgG1 titers in the adults' sera, while the IgG1 titers were higher than the IgG3 titers in the children's sera (P < 0.05). The IgG antibodies in the sera from 2-month-old children appeared to be maternally derived, since the mean titer was significantly higher than that in sera from 6- to 7-month-old children (P < 0.05). Serum IgA antibodies to both UspA1 and UspA2 were low during the first 7 months of age but thereafter gradually increased along with the IgG titers. Analysis of sera absorbed with UspA1 or UspA2 showed that the antibodies to UspA1 and UspA2 were cross-reactive with each other and associated with serum bactericidal activity. Examination of affinity-purified human antibodies confirmed that naturally acquired antibodies to UspA1 and UspA2 were bactericidal and cross-reactive. These results support using UspA1 and UspA2 in a vaccine to prevent M. catarrhalis infections. (+info)

... (Ig G) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most ... This repertoire of immunoglobulins is crucial for the newborns who are very sensitive to infections, especially within the ... Stadlmann J, Pabst M, Kolarich D, Kunert R, Altmann F (2008). "Analysis of immunoglobulin glycosylation by LC-ESI-MS of ... de Haan, Noortje; Falck, David; Wuhrer, Manfred (2019-07-08). "Monitoring of Immunoglobulin N- and O-glycosylation in Health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G

Immunodeficiency with hyper-immunoglobulin M Immunoglobulin M deficiency Immune system "Immunoglobulin M". The American ... Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is one of several isotypes of antibody (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. ... Immunoglobulin+M at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Immunoglobulin M Deficiency Reference ... Mestecky, J.; Zikin, J.; Butler, W. T. (1971). "Immunoglobulin M an secretory immunoglobulin A: presence of common polypeptide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_M

... human normal immunoglobulin), and Flebogamma DIF (human normal immunoglobulin). In the EU human normal immunoglobulin (SCIg) ( ... Some believe that immunoglobulin therapy may work via a multi-step model where the injected immunoglobulin first forms a type ... Immunoglobulin therapy is the use of a mixture of antibodies (normal human immunoglobulin or NHIG) to treat several health ... Human normal immunoglobulin (human immunoglobulin G) (Cutaquig) was approved for medical use in Australia in May 2021. Brands ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_therapy

Specifically, anti-immunoglobulin antibodies bind to immunoglobulins that are created by B cells. Anti-immunoglobulin ... The anti-immunoglobulin antibodies are created through recombinant DNA technology. All anti-immunoglobulin antibodies are man- ... Kappa light chains are the second of the two classes of light chains present on mammalian immunoglobulins. One immunoglobulin ... The most practical use for anti-immunoglobulin antibodies is in diagnostic tests. Assays use anti-immunoglobulin antibodies to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-immunoglobulin

... (Ig A, also referred to as sIgA in its secretory form) is an antibody that plays a role in the immune function ... Immunoglobulin+A at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Herich, R. (2017). "Is the role of IgA ... The IgA dimeric form is the most prevalent and is also called secretory IgA (sIgA). sIgA is the main immunoglobulin found in ... This represents up to 15% of total immunoglobulins produced throughout the body. IgA has two subclasses (IgA1 and IgA2) and can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_A

... (IgD) is an antibody isotype that makes up about 1% of proteins in the plasma membranes of immature B- ... Immunoglobulin+D at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (CS1 maint: uses authors parameter, All ... Rogentine GN, Rowe DS, Bradley J, Waldmann TA, Fahey JL (1966). "Metabolism of human immunoglobulin D (IgD)". J. Clin. Invest. ... Nitschke L, Kosco MH, Köhler G, Lamers MC (1993). "Immunoglobulin D-deficient mice can mount normal immune responses to thymus- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_D

The immunoglobulin domain, also known as the immunoglobulin fold, is a type of protein domain that consists of a 2-layer ... SCOP listing of immunoglobulin domains of known structure This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and ... Immunoglobulin-like domains may be involved in protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions. Human genes encoding proteins ... Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily are found in hundreds of proteins of different functions. Examples include antibodies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_domain

... is expensive and hard to come by in the developing world. In the United States it is estimated to be more ... Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is a medication made up of antibodies against the rabies virus. It is used to prevent rabies ... The use of rabies immunoglobulin in the form of blood serum dates from 1891. Use became common within medicine in the 1950s. It ... Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is indicated for the passive, transient post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies infection, when given ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies_immunoglobulin

... (IgE) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) "isotype") that has been found only in mammals. IgE is ... November 2013). "A beneficial role for immunoglobulin E in host defense against honeybee venom". Immunity. 39 (5): 963-75. doi: ... Presence of a unique immunoglobulin as a carrier of reaginic activity". Journal of Immunology. 97 (1): 75-85. PMID 4162440. ... Winter WE, Hardt NS, Fuhrman S (September 2000). "Immunoglobulin E: importance in parasitic infections and hypersensitivity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E

The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is a large protein superfamily of cell surface and soluble proteins that are involved in ... Proteins of the IgSF possess a structural domain known as an immunoglobulin (Ig) domain. Ig domains are named after the ... Otherwise, the sperm-specific protein IZUMO1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, has also been identified as the only ... Harpaz Y, Chothia C (May 1994). "Many of the immunoglobulin superfamily domains in cell adhesion molecules and surface ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily

In chickens, immunoglobulin Y is the functional equivalent to Immunoglobulin G (IgG). Like IgG, it is composed of two light and ... Immunoglobulin Y (abbreviated as IgY) is a type of immunoglobulin which is the major antibody in bird, reptile, and lungfish ... Thus, in preparations from chicken eggs, there is no contamination with Immunoglobulin A (IgA) or Immunoglobulin M (IgM). The ... after they were able to show differences between the immunoglobulins found in chicken eggs, and immunoglobulin G. Other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_Y

... (BiP) also known as 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78) or heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 ( ... GRP78 (HSPA5), also referred to as 'immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein' (BiP), is a member of the heat-shock protein-70 ... Corrigall VM, Vittecoq O, Panayi GS (October 2009). "Binding immunoglobulin protein-treated peripheral blood monocyte-derived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_immunoglobulin_protein

Naïve mature B cells produce both IgM and IgD, which are the first two heavy chain segments in the immunoglobulin locus. After ... Immunoglobulin+class+switching at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Articles with short ... Immunoglobulin class switching, also known as isotype switching, isotypic commutation or class-switch recombination (CSR), is a ... Laffleur B, Bardet SM, Garot A, Brousse M, Baylet A, Cogné M (2014). "Immunoglobulin genes undergo legitimate repair in human B ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_class_switching

The immunoglobulin is categorized as immunoglobulin G (IgG). Since the tetanus toxin permanently binds to human tissues, only ... Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin, also known as tetanus immune globulin (TIG) and tetanus antitoxin, is a medication made up of ... unbounded molecules can be neutralized by the immunoglobulin. Use of the horse version became common in the 1910s, while the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-tetanus_immunoglobulin

The immunoglobulin light chain is the small polypeptide subunit of an antibody (immunoglobulin). A typical antibody is composed ... The immunoglobulin light chain genes in tetrapods can be classified into three distinct groups: kappa (κ), lambda (λ), and ... Immunoglobulin+Light+Chains at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Educational Resource for ... There are two types of light chain in humans: kappa (κ) chain, encoded by the immunoglobulin kappa locus ([email protected]) on chromosome 2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_light_chain

pIgR has a strong specificity to polymeric immunoglobulins and is not responsive to monomeric immunoglobulin. The ligand's J- ... "Entrez Gene: PIGR polymeric immunoglobulin receptor". Kaetzel CS (August 2005). "The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor: ... Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the PIGR gene. It is an Fc ... Polymeric+Immunoglobulin+Receptor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymeric_immunoglobulin_receptor

The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) is the large polypeptide subunit of an antibody (immunoglobulin). In human genome, the IgH ... There are five types of mammalian immunoglobulin heavy chain: γ, δ, α, μ and ε. They define classes of immunoglobulins: IgG, ... Each heavy chain has two regions: a constant region (which is the same for all immunoglobulins of the same class but differs ... a variable region that differs between different B cells, but is the same for all immunoglobulins produced by the same B cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_heavy_chain

... , or sometimes Immunoglobulin binding protein is a generic name for any protein that binds ... Immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 (IGBP1), a protein that binds B-cells in the blood. Protein A, a 42 kDa protein originally ... It, therefore, can mean: Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP, or heat shock 70 kDa protein 5, with an official symbol HSPA5), a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin-binding_protein

V-set domains are found in diverse protein families, including immunoglobulin light and heavy chains; in several T-cell ... "Phosphocholine binding immunoglobulin Fab McPC603. An X-ray diffraction study at 2.7 A". J. Mol. Biol. 190 (4): 593-604. doi: ... Immunoglobulin V-set, subgroup InterPro: IPR003596 T-cell surface antigen CD2 InterPro: IPR013285 ACAM; ACAN; ADAMTSL1; AGC1; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_V-set_domain

The underlying cause of MIDD is the production of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Monoclonal immunoglobulins are produced in ... The immunoglobulin heavy chain in HCDD is frequently a truncated heavy chain. HCDD is the rarest subtype of MIDD. Serum protein ... Monoclonal immunoglobulins are produced by monoclonal plasma cells, which are found in a variety of plasma cell dyscrasias. The ... Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disorder, or MIDD, is a disease characterised by the deposition of monoclonal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_Immunoglobulin_Deposition_Disorder

MAdCAM-1 belongs to a subclass of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), the members of which are ligands for integrins. The ... In molecular biology, the adhesin molecule (immunoglobulin-like) is a protein domain. This domain is found in mucosal vascular ... "The structure of immunoglobulin superfamily domains 1 and 2 of MAdCAM-1 reveals novel features important for integrin ... crystal structure of this domain has been reported; it adopts an immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich structure, with seven ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesion_molecule_(immunoglobulin-like)

Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency (SIgAD) is a genetic immunodeficiency, a type of hypogammaglobulinemia. People with ... They rarely present with severe reactions, including anaphylaxis, to blood transfusions or intravenous immunoglobulin due to ... There is an inherited inability to produce immunoglobulin A (IgA), a part of the body's defenses against infection at the ... There is a historical popularity in using intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to treat SIgAD, but the consensus is that there is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_immunoglobulin_A_deficiency

I-set domains are found in several cell adhesion molecules, including vascular (VCAM), intercellular (ICAM), neural (NCAM) and mucosal addressin (MADCAM) cell adhesion molecules, as well as junction adhesion molecules (JAM). I-set domains are also present in several other diverse protein families, including several tyrosine-protein kinase receptors, the hemolymph protein hemolin, the muscle proteins titin, telokin, and twitchin, the neuronal adhesion molecule axonin-1, and the signalling molecule semaphorin 4D that is involved in axonal guidance, immune function and angiogenesis. ADAMTSL1, ADAMTSL3, ALPK3, AXL, BOC, C9orf94, CADM2, CADM4, CCDC141, CDON, CEACAM7, CHL1, CILP2, CNTN1, CNTN2, CNTN3, CNTN4, CNTN5, CNTN6, CXADR, DCC, DSCAM, DSCAML1, ESAM, FGFR1, FGFR3, FGFR4, FGFRL1, FLT1, FLT4, FSTL4, FSTL5, HMCN1, HNT, HSPG2, ICAM5, IGFBP7, IGFBPL1, IGSF10, IGSF22, IGSF9, ISLR, KALRN, KAZALD1, KDR, KIAA0626, KIRREL, KIRREL2, KIRREL3, L1CAM, LINGO1, LINGO2, LRFN2, LRFN3, LRFN4, LRFN5, LRIG1, LRIG2, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_I-set_domain

The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are a family of receptors possessing extracellular immunoglobulin domains. ... LAIR1 Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor David E. Sloane; Nicodemus Tedla; Muyiwa Awoniyi; Donald W. MacGlashan Jr.; Luis ... v t e v t e v t e (Protein pages needing a picture, Immunoglobulin superfamily, All stub articles, Biochemistry stubs, Receptor ... Borges; K. Frank Austen; Jonathan P. Arm (November 2004). "Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors: novel innate receptors for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocyte_immunoglobulin-like_receptors

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGSF3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene ... "Entrez Gene: Immunoglobulin superfamily member 3". Retrieved 2018-10-06. v t e This article incorporates text from the United ... is an immunoglobulin-like membrane protein containing several V-type Ig-like domains. A mutation in this gene has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily_member_3

C1-set domains are found almost exclusively in molecules involved in the immune system, such as in immunoglobulin light and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_C1-set_domain

CD2 CD4 VCAM1 Smith DK, Xue H (1997). "Sequence profiles of immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin-like domains". J. Mol. Biol. 274 ... Immunoglobulin-like domains that are related in both sequence and structure can be found in several diverse protein families. ... CD4 is the primary receptor for HIV-1. CD4 has four immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular region that share the same ... The basic structure of immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules is a tetramer of two light chains and two heavy chains linked by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_C2-set_domain

... (TIM) proteins are a family of cell surface immunomodulatory proteins. TIM1 Kane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmembrane_immunoglobulin_and_munin_domain

Members of the IgSF family include the human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and the Immunoglobulin-like ... includes immunoglobulin-like transcripts (ILT, also known as leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LIRs)), leukocyte- ... Human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors recognize the α1 and α2 domains of class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA-A, -B ... Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), are a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins expressed on the plasma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer-cell_immunoglobulin-like_receptor

... is a immunoglobulin gene with symbol IGHA1. It encodes a constant (C) segment of ... Immunoglobulin A is an antibody that plays a critical role in immune function in the mucous membranes. IgA shows the same ... "Entrez Gene: IGHA1 immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1". Kratzin, H.; Altevogt, P.; Ruban, E.; Kortt, A.; Staroscik, K.; ... "IGHA1 immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-10-16 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_heavy_constant_alpha_1

... immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin D (IgD), and immunoglobulin E (IgE). The ... Serum immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin G subclasses in children with allergic colitis. West Afr J Med. 1998 Jul-Sep. 17(3):206 ... Immunoglobulin G deficiency. Changes in serum immunoglobulin G concentrations during infancy and childhood. View Media Gallery ... encoded search term (Immunoglobulin G Deficiency) and Immunoglobulin G Deficiency What to Read Next on Medscape ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/136897-121040/how-does-the-prevalence-of-immunoglobulin-g-igg-deficiency-vary-by-age

The specificity of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in the fluorescent antibody test for malaria parasites in mice / by F ... Evaluation of commercially available anti-dengue virus immunoglobulin M tests Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative; UNICEF/ ... Reversed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of specific anti-Plasmodium falciparum immunoglobulin M antibodies / M ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/browse?locale-attribute=ar&type=mesh&authority=Immunoglobulin+M

IgG stands for immunoglobulin G. It is a type of antibody. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight germs ... URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/csf-immunoglobulin-g-igg-index/ CSF Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Index. ... Other names: cerebrospinal fluid IgG level, cerebrospinal fluid IgG measurement, CSF IgG level, IgG (Immunoglobulin G) spinal ... Immunoglobulin G Index; [cited 2022 May 24]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: https://www.labcorp.com/tests/002238/ ...

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/csf-immunoglobulin-g-igg-index/

In nearly all cases, the deposits contain immunoglobulin light (L) chains or L-chain fragments, termed L chain-type amyloidosis ... Immunoglobulin-related amyloidosis is a monoclonal plasma cell disorder in which the secreted monoclonal immunoglobulin protein ... encoded search term (Immunoglobulin-Related Amyloidosis) and Immunoglobulin-Related Amyloidosis What to Read Next on Medscape ... Immunoglobulin-Related Amyloidosis Clinical Presentation. Updated: Jun 28, 2022 * Author: Slavomir Urbancek, MD, PhD; Chief ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/208839-clinical

FIGURE 1. Number of specimens (N = 568) testing positive for West Nile virus immunoglobulin M antibodies, using one lot from a ... FIGURE 2. Number of persons (N = 518) testing positive for West Nile virus immunoglobulin M antibodies using one lot from a ... Alternative Text: The figure above shows the 568 specimens testing positive for West Nile virus immunoglobulin M antibodies, ... False-Positive Results with a Commercially Available West Nile Virus Immunoglobulin M Assay --- United States, 2008. In ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5817a2.htm

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=ar&type=mesh&authority=Immunoglobulin+M

... and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. ... and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. ... Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various ... Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01299/full

E-mail your company news at:. news (at) financial.ge Letters to the Editor: editor (at) finchannel.com. Local Marketing contact:. (+99532) 2252 275 , 76 EXT: 1 (+995 558) 03 03 03 (mobile) marketing (at) finchannel.com. Requests from abroad:. (+99532) 2252 275 , 76 EXT: 7 (+995599) 96 52 52 Email: zviadi (@) finchannel.com Contact video editor: E-mail: video (at) financial.ge. Postal address: 17 Mtskheta str. Tbilisi, Georgia 0179 The FINANCIAL ...

https://finchannel.com/tag/anti-coronavirus-immunoglobulin/

Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are proteins the immune system makes to recognize and get rid of germs. ... An IgA test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common types of antibodies in the body. ...

https://www.kidshealth.org/InteractiveHealth/en/parents/test-iga.html?WT.ac=p-ra

immunoglobulin lambda constant 7provided by HGNC. Primary source. HGNC:HGNC:5861 See related. Ensembl:ENSG00000211685 IMGT/GENE ... Structure and expression of the human immunoglobulin lambda genes. Vasicek TJ, et al. J Exp Med, 1990 Aug 1. PMID 2115572, Free ... part_of immunoglobulin complex, circulating IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. more info ... Recognition of immunoglobulins by Fcgamma receptors. Radaev S, et al. Mol Immunol, 2002 May. PMID 11955599 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/28834

High-throughput sequencing analysis of hypermutating immunoglobulin (IG) repertoires remains a challenging task. Here we ... This protocol enables high-throughput sequencing analysis of the full-length immunoglobulin repertoires in human and mouse ... High-quality full-length immunoglobulin profiling with unique molecular barcoding. *M A Turchaninova1,2,3 na1, ... Onset of immune senescence defined by unbiased pyrosequencing of human immunoglobulin mRNA repertoires. PLoS One 7, e49774 ( ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nprot.2016.093?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d8c02869-7986-49a0-b82a-bf95ddd28dcf

On this page about Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin-VF (CSL) you will find information relating to side effects, age restrictions, ... Other medicines containing the same active ingredients: hepatitis b virus immunoglobulin *Can I take Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin ... Brand name: Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin-VF (CSL) TM. Active ingredients: hepatitis b virus immunoglobulin ... Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin-VF is indicated for post-exposure prophylaxis in persons who did not receive prior vaccination, or ...

https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicines/brand/amt,10641000168101/hepatitis-b-immunoglobulin-vf-csl

KEY FINDINGS The global immunoglobulin market is anticipated to rise with a CAGR of 6.87% across the forecast years of 2022 to ... subsequently increasing the need for immunoglobulin products for their treatment.. REGIONAL INSIGHTS. The global immunoglobulin ... The global immunoglobulin market is anticipated to rise with a CAGR of 6.87% across the forecast years of 2022 to 2030. The ... Immunoglobulins are characterized as antibodies that are produced naturally by the bodys immune system.They primarily help ...

https://www.reportlinker.com/p06289643/GLOBAL-IMMUNOGLOBULIN-MARKET-FORECAST.html

The role of complement in immunoglobulin G-triggered inflammation was studied in mice genetically deficient in complement ... Immunoglobulin G-mediated inflammatory responses develop normally in complement-deficient mice J Exp Med. 1996 Dec 1;184(6): ... The role of complement in immunoglobulin G-triggered inflammation was studied in mice genetically deficient in complement ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8976192/

... Classification & external resources The dimeric IgA ... Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is a relatively mild genetic immunodeficiency. People with this deficiency lack ... It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Selective_immunoglobulin_A_deficiency". A list of authors is available in ... There is an inherited inability to produce immunoglobulin A (IgA), a part of the bodys defenses against infection at the ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Selective_immunoglobulin_A_deficiency.html

US-10287315-B2 chemical patent summary.

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patent/US-10287315-B2

Immunoglobulin (IgE). Many people have allergy-induced asthma, which means that their asthma symptoms are triggered by allergic ... These people have high levels of an allergy-causing antibody (a type of immune protein in the body) called immunoglobulin E ( ...

https://www.teenshealth.org/en/teens/immunoglobulin.html

Mouse IgG and IgA, with reactivity to dinitrophenol conjugated to carrier protein, have been isolated from myeloma proteins by means of a variety of affinity techniques. The IgA was predominantly in the dimeric form. The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of IgA-containing immune complexes were assessed in the rat. IgA-containing immune complexes were demonstrated, in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, to activate neutrophils and to generate O.-2. In addition, these immune complexes showed evidence of complement activation in vitro, by the use of immunofixation techniques. When IgA was instilled into the airways of rats and antigen was injected intravenously, acute lung injury occurred, as reflected by increases in lung permeability and morphological changes consisting of blebbing of endothelial cells, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and fibrin deposition. The lung changes were directly proportional to the amount of IgA instilled into the airways and failed to occur if intravenous injection of ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/111431/scanned-page/366

As a result of this decision, all stock of Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solutions in Australia will be recalled ... Adequate supplies of alternative intravenous immunoglobulin solution products are available for clinical use in Australia, and ... Doctors should cease using Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solutions immediately, and switch their patients to the most ... an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparation, manufactured by Octapharma in Europe. This product is supplied in Australia ...

https://www.tga.gov.au/octagam-intravenous-immunoglobulin-solutions

PeproTech the producer of high quality recombinant cytokines and growth factors supports life science research, cellular therapy and regenerative medicine.

https://www.peprotech.com/es/normal-mouse-igg

J:5763 Warner NL, et al., Allotypes of mouse IgM immunoglobulin. Nature. 1977 Feb 3;265(5593):447-9 ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:96448

The largest anibodies and the first to respomd to infections. ...

https://www.mitoaction.org/glossary/immunoglobulin-igm/

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the main effector of the mucosal immune system and provides an important first line of defense ... Mucosal immunoglobulins. Immunol Rev. 64-82. Review.. 2. Woof JM. & Kerr MA., 2007. The function of immunoglobulin A in ... Immunoglobulin A (IgA). Secretory IgA and the mucosal immune system. The mucosal surfaces represent the largest area of ... Immunoglobulin A (IgA), in its secretory form, is the main effector of the mucosal immune system and provides an important ...

https://www.invivogen.com/review-iga

Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs). Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs) may be used to control SLE with organ involvement or ... See Patient Information Sheet on Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs). Source: National Institutes of Health, U.S.Dept of Health ... https://theodora.com/lupus_central_station/intravenous_immunoglobulins_ivigs.html Copyright © 1995-2021 Photius Coutsoukis (All ...

https://theodora.com/lupus_central_station/intravenous_immunoglobulins_ivigs.html

News related to Gammaplex (Human Immunoglobulin G) and/or conditions it is approved for. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ...

http://www.druglib.com/druginfo/gammaplex/news/

Immunoglobulins. gamma-Globulins. Immunoglobulins, Intravenous. Rho(D) Immune Globulin. Immunologic Factors. Physiological ... Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) for Treatment of Unexplained Secondary Recurrent Miscarriage. The safety and scientific ... This clinical study will evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in improving the live birth rate in ... Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) for Treatment of Unexplained Secondary Recurrent Miscarriage: A Prospective, Randomized, ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00606905

According to the European Medicines Agency guideline on environmental risk assessments for pharmaceuticals (EMA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00), vitamins, electrolytes, amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids proteins, vaccines and herbal medicinal products are exempted because they are unlikely to result in significant risk to the environment. ...

https://janusinfo.se/beslutsstod/lakemedelochmiljo/pharmaceuticalsandenvironment/databaseenven/antidimmunoglobulinhuman.5.30a7505616a041a09b063146.html

More info for Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich. Timeline for Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich: *Fold b.1 ... Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich appears in SCOPe 2.03. *Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich appears in the ... Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich first appeared (with stable ids) in SCOP 1.55. *Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich ... Fold b.1: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich [48725] (28 superfamilies). sandwich; 7 strands in 2 sheets; greek-key. some ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=48725&ver=2.02

The receptors studied include the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), the neonatal receptor (FcRn), the Fcα/μR, the ... Although albuminuria is most widely studied, higher molecular weight proteins such as immunoglobulins (Ig) are more associated ...

https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495310

An IgA test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common types of antibodies in the body. (kidshealth.org)
Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are proteins the immune system makes to recognize and get rid of germs . (kidshealth.org)
Immunoglobulins are characterized as antibodies that are produced naturally by the body's immune system.They primarily help fight diseases and infections. (reportlinker.com)
In the absence of normal IgA, the body can develop an immune response against IgA itself (anti-IgA antibodies), which can lead to severe reactions including anaphylaxis to blood transfusions or intravenous immunoglobulin . (bionity.com)
We quantitatively determined the synthesis of specific antibodies in a patient with chikungunya disease by antibody index (AI) as described by Reiber and Felgenhauer ( 6 ).The antibody index discriminates the pathologic fraction of specific brain-derived CSF immunoglobulin, considering the transfer of blood proteins into CSF. (cdc.gov)
IgA-deficient patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-class anti-IgA antibodies are at risk for anaphylaxis if they receive blood or intravenous immunoglobulin, but this situation is extremely rare. (medscape.com)
Detection and quantification of antibodies, especially immunoglobulin G (IgG), is a cornerstone of ELISAs, many diagnostics, and the development of antibody-based drugs. (houstonmethodist.org)
Immunoglobulin therapy injects antibodies into the blood. (epnet.com)
They carry enzymes, antibodies (immunoglobulins) and other proteins. (aidsmap.com)
After weekslong hospitalizations and ongoing psychiatric medications, the two UCSF patients, whose cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and anti-neural antibodies, were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, an immunomodulatory therapy that curbs inflammation in autoimmune disorders. (medicalxpress.com)
Clinical manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) diseases are caused by the release of proinflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins) from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-sensitized effector cells (mast cells and basophils) when cell-bound IgE antibodies interact with allergen. (mayocliniclabs.com)
Immunoglobulins are also called antibodies. (medlineplus.gov)
The laboratory diagnosis is usually performed by testing the plasma or serum to detect the virus, viral nucleic acid or virus specific immunoglobulin M and neutralizing antibodies. (bvsalud.org)

Performing an early assessment of risk factors, infusing at a slow rate, premedicating, and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. (frontiersin.org)
Hence, many scholars began to explore intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations. (frontiersin.org)
The TGA has become aware of reports of a markedly increased incidence of serious adverse reactions associated with Octagam, an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparation, manufactured by Octapharma in Europe. (tga.gov.au)
This clinical study will evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in improving the live birth rate in couples who suffer from secondary recurrent miscarriage. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Increasing awareness of IRT options for patients with PIDs, which is given as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg), and the pros and cons of IVIg versus SCIg. (allergy.org.au)
This survey is aimed specifically at adults with PI who currently receive either Subcutaneous (SCIG) or Intravenous (IVIG) immunoglobulin replacement. (primaryimmune.org)
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) use in non-approved indications, the increase in consumption and its high cost recommend rationalisation in its utilisation. (cun.es)
Purpose: Several side effects of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) therapy are known, but it has never been reported to be associated with cardiac rhythm abnormalities other than sinus tachycardia. (cmich.edu)
Although timely diagnosis and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) are critical to reduce the incidence of coronary artery aneurysms, 8 diagnosis of KD is still established based on clinical criteria supported by laboratory evidence of acute inflammation and there is no specific diagnostic test to aid the clinician. (lww.com)
Observational benefit has been suggested from oral immunosuppressants, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), rituximab, and tocilizumab. (elsevier.com)

After eliminating conditions that may increase susceptibility to infection (eg, adenoid hypertrophy, cystic fibrosis , immunosuppression), an initial workup may include CBC, quantitative serum immunoglobulins, IgG vaccine titers, and complement testing. (arupconsult.com)
Suspected PIDDs should be evaluated in a stepwise fashion, with initial, nonspecific testing that includes measurement of total serum immunoglobulin and evaluation of antibody titers. (arupconsult.com)
No defined blood test or tumour markers are currently available to diagnose this entity except serum immunoglobulin G4 which is costly and not feasible to get done in all patients especially in developing nations like India. (researchsquare.com)
Characterization of the optimal stimulatory effects of graves' monoclonal and serum immunoglobulin G on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate production in fRTL-5 thyroid cells: a potential clinical assay. (unipi.it)
In this study, homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A levels are found as the independent predictors of hepatic fibrosis. (uwi.edu)
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Immunoglobulin M (IgM) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (todayfinancialnews.com)
Serum immunoglobulins were within normal limits. (glomcon.org)

Human immunoglobulin G subclasses. (medscape.com)
IMMUNOGLOBULIN M ) and various subclasses. (bvsalud.org)

Although thromboembolic events are a known rare adverse event associated with the administration of all intravenous immunoglobulin preparations, as described in the prescribing information for these products, there has recently been a steady accumulation of such events reported following administration of Octagam in Europe and the USA, with a marked increase in incidence noted during the last few months of 2010. (tga.gov.au)
Individuals with such an unusual profile should receive only low IgA intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. (medscape.com)

These adverse effects are associated with specific immunoglobulin preparations and individual differences. (frontiersin.org)
Intramuscular immunoglobulin preparations were not widely applied because of their poor tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
Biomeda's immunoglobulin (IgG) preparations are used for affinity columns, blocking agents, and normal controls in a variety of immuno assays. (biomeda.com)
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparations derived from the sera of patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease (TSAb) as well as a monoclonal IgG derived from heterohybridoma fusions of Graves' lymphocytes augmented cAMP levels in a continuous strain of functioning rat thyroid cells (clone FRTL-5) in culture. (unipi.it)

2008) Subcutaneous versus intravenous immunoglobulin for primary immu-nodeficiencies: Systematic review and economic evalua-tion. (scirp.org)
A. Gardulf, (2007) Immunoglobulin treatment for primary antibody deficiencies: Advantages of the subcutaneous route. (scirp.org)

Adaptive immune responses require rearrangement of the genes responsible for the specific recognition structures, ie, immunoglobulins for humoral immunity and T-cell receptors for cellular immunity. (medscape.com)
Structure and expression of the human immunoglobulin lambda genes. (nih.gov)
They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES . (bvsalud.org)

Although albuminuria is most widely studied, higher molecular weight proteins such as immunoglobulins (Ig) are more associated with progression of renal disease. (bl.uk)
Immunoglobulin therapies are unique biologics and replace missing or functionally impaired proteins in individuals born with a range of genetic and often life-threatening diseases. (pptaglobal.org)

IgG deficiencies may occur as isolated deficiencies (eg, selective IgG deficiency) or in association with deficiencies of other immunoglobulin types. (medscape.com)
For information on deficiencies of other immunoglobulin types, see the Medscape Reference articles IgA Deficiency , IgD Deficiency , and IgM Deficiency . (medscape.com)
Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is a relatively mild genetic immunodeficiency . (bionity.com)
People with this deficiency lack immunoglobulin A (IgA), a type of antibody that protects against infections of the mucous membranes lining the mouth, airways, and digestive tract. (bionity.com)
It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Selective_immunoglobulin_A_deficiency" . (bionity.com)
Anti-D immunoglobulin treatment for thrombocytopenia associated with primary antibody deficiency. (medscape.com)
Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease and is the most common of the primary antibody deficiencies. (medscape.com)

CD3, also known as T3, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays a role in antigen recognition, signal transduction, and T cell activation. (biolegend.com)
The MRC OX-45 antigen of rat leukocytes and endothelium is in a subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily with CD2, LFA-3 and carcinoembryonic antigens. (hcdm.org)
2B4, the natural killer and T cell immunoglobulin superfamily surface protein, is a ligand for CD48. (hcdm.org)

In 1952, Bruton ( 12 ) was the first to use immunoglobulin to treat a patient identified as immunodeficient, and it later became a standard therapy for immunodeficiency diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Patients who receive immunoglobulin therapy are often treated with immunoglobulin in repeated infusions over a long period of time, and the incidence of adverse effects related to immunoglobulin varies across a wide range. (frontiersin.org)
Assisting GPs, paediatricians and other medical specialists to recognise the early signs of PID and refer patients to a clinical immunologist to confirm diagnosis and initiate treatment, including immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) if required. (allergy.org.au)
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy," by Geerts et al. (neurology.org)
Share Your Experiences with Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy. (primaryimmune.org)

Dive into the research topics of 'Protein A-Nanoluciferase fusion protein for generalized, sensitive detection of immunoglobulin G'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (houstonmethodist.org)

Recognition of immunoglobulins by Fcgamma receptors. (nih.gov)
The receptors studied include the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), the neonatal receptor (FcRn), the Fcα/μR, the classical IgG receptors (FcγR1, γIIa, γIIb, γIII and the related FcR γ-chain) and the classical IgA receptor (FcαR). (bl.uk)
In humans, CD94/NKG2A receptor and the variable killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) recognizing HLA I molecules on target cells are common inhibitory receptors. (miltenyibiotec.com)

The global immunoglobulin market is anticipated to rise with a CAGR of 6.87% across the forecast years of 2022 to 2030. (reportlinker.com)

Detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is possible within 2 weeks of infection using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, the IgG avidity test, and the agglutination and differential agglutination tests. (medscape.com)
In September 2008, CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and state health departments began a nationwide investigation into an increase in false-positive test results obtained with a commercially available West Nile virus (WNV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (cdc.gov)
Establishment of an immunoglobulin A-deficient blood donor registry with a simple in-house screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (medscape.com)

Doctors should cease using Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solutions immediately, and switch their patients to the most appropriate alternative treatment. (tga.gov.au)
Patients and health care providers should report any adverse events that have occurred following administration of Octagam intravenous immunoglobulin solution to the TGA via the Adverse Medicine Events Line (1300 134 237), online via ' Report a problem with a medicine ', or using the 'Blue Card' Prepaid Reporting Form . (tga.gov.au)
Data on the number of patients, immunoglobulin market shares and drug unit costs were derived from the IMS Health hospital disease database and from Belgian sources. (scirp.org)
B. Hogy, H. O. Keinecke, M. Borte, (2005) Pharma-coeconomic evaluation of immunoglobulin treatment in patients with antibody deficiencies from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance. (scirp.org)
Patients and Methods: We describe the development of cardiac dysrhythmias during intravenous immunoglobulin G infusion in two children with thrombocytopenia. (cmich.edu)

Anti- Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers present a 4-fold increase that peak 6-8 weeks after infection and then decline over the next 2 years, although they remain detectable for life. (medscape.com)

The role of complement in immunoglobulin G-triggered inflammation was studied in mice genetically deficient in complement components C3 and C4. (nih.gov)

Immunoglobulin has been widely used in a variety of diseases, including primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases, neuromuscular diseases, and Kawasaki disease. (frontiersin.org)
Applications involving immunoglobulin have expanded to include treatment for immunodeficiency diseases, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Kawasaki disease, and neurologic disorders (including Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, multiple myositis, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune encephalitis) ( 2 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
The aim of this study is to compute the budget impact of adopting Kiovig, a new ready-to-use 10% liquid immunoglobulin preparation, as a treatment for primary immunodeficiency from the perspective of the Belgian health care payer. (scirp.org)
The analysis compared the "world with Kiovig" to the "world without Kiovig" and calculated how a change in the mix of immunoglobulins used to treat primary immunodeficiency would impact drug spending during 2010-2014. (scirp.org)
This document is a source for ASCIA IRT e-training for health professionals which is available at https://immunodeficiency.ascia.org.au This e-training course was developed as part of the National Prescribing Service (NPS) MedicineWise ViP Immunoglobulin project. (allergy.org.au)

IgG stands for immunoglobulin G. It is a type of antibody. (medlineplus.gov)
An immunoglobulin E (IgE) test measures the level of IgE, a type of antibody. (connecticutchildrens.org)

This survey aims to learn more about how we can improve the infusion experiences for those who depend on immunoglobulin. (primaryimmune.org)

Immunoglobulins have important roles in humoral immunity, and they consist of 5 major classes or isotypes: immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin D (IgD), and immunoglobulin E (IgE). (medscape.com)
IgE is set apart from the other immunoglobulin isotypes by its very low plasma levels and short half-life. (jci.org)

Process that minimizes or prevents immunoglobulin-associated adverse reactions. (frontiersin.org)

Fortunately, rabies can be prevented by administering vaccine and immunoglobulin after an exposure occurs. (cdc.gov)

Predicted to enable antigen binding activity and immunoglobulin receptor binding activity. (nih.gov)

Acute lung injury in rat caused by immunoglobulin A immune complexes. (jci.org)

The rise in the geriatric population across the world is a leading factor expected to fuel the global immunoglobulin market growth over the forecasted years.As an individual ages, their immune system tends to deteriorate and responds relatively slower. (reportlinker.com)
Immunoglobulin A (IgA), in its secretory form, is the main effector of the mucosal immune system and provides an important first line of defense against most pathogens that invade the body at a mucosal surface [1] . (invivogen.com)
An antibody, also called immunoglobulin, is a protective protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance, called an antigen. (proteomicsresource.org)

2002. Multiple functions of immunoglobulin A in mucosal defense against viruses: an in vitro measles virus model. (invivogen.com)

Recent media reports have described access issues regarding immunoglobulin (Ig) therapies relied on by people living with primary immunodeficiencies. (pptaglobal.org)
Finally, by the same rule, B cells must first release M then G immunoglobulin on primary exposure. (neetexambooster.in)

The best line of defense against invading pathogens in the newborn dairy calf is the immunoglobulins from colostrum that are absorbed in the small intestine. (scielo.sa.cr)

The most abundant class of immunoglobulins in the blood is IgG (73%), which has a molecular weight of 150 kd. (medscape.com)
Secretory IgA (SIgA) represents the most abundant immunoglobulin of body secretions such as saliva, tears, colostrum and gastrointestinal secretions. (invivogen.com)

Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various adverse effects have been reported. (frontiersin.org)

They include biomarker-immunoglobulin M (IgM) complexes, which have been found in several neoplastic diseases, such as colorectal, liver, and prostate cancer [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

11 ) successfully developed a process for the large-scale production of human immunoglobulin. (frontiersin.org)
2007. Non-Human Transgenic Mammal for the Constant Region of the Class a Human Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain and Applications Thereof. (invivogen.com)

Immunoglobulins, which are protein molecules that contain antibody activity, are produced by the terminal cells of B-cell differentiation known as plasma cells. (medscape.com)

Immunoglobulin, also known as gamma globulin, is a therapeutic preparation comprising pooled blood donated from large numbers of healthy people. (frontiersin.org)
What is an immunoglobulins blood test? (medlineplus.gov)
This test measures the amount of immunoglobulins in your blood. (medlineplus.gov)

Hence, the growth in the elderly is set to augment the prevalence of age-related diseases, subsequently increasing the need for immunoglobulin products for their treatment. (reportlinker.com)

Cytokines and inflammatory factors regulating immunoglobulin production in aggressive periodontitis. (bvsalud.org)

The aim of this treatment is to replace immunoglobulin to maintain normal Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, with the dose used individualised for each patient. (allergy.org.au)

Intravenous immunoglobulin for prophylaxis of neonatal sepsis in premature infants. (bmj.com)

B-cell immunity is mediated by the immunoglobulins and is commonly referred to as humoral immunity. (medscape.com)
2007. The function of immunoglobulin A in immunity. (invivogen.com)

They are comprised of two heavy ( IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS ) and two light chains ( IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS ) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. (bvsalud.org)

The competitive rivalry within the global immunoglobulin market is intense and is anticipated to remain high during the forecast period.Furthermore, the presence of numerous leading market players across various regions facilitates a higher level of competition since the industry is fragmented. (reportlinker.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms21

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs111

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Phenomena and Processes44

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care5

The role of colorstrum on the occurrence of immunoglobulin G subclasses and antibody production in neonatal goats. (1/23942)

Features of the immune response to DNA in mice. I. Genetic control. (2/23942)

VEGF is required for growth and survival in neonatal mice. (3/23942)

Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. III. Modulation of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte hydrolase release response to Actinomyces viscosus and Streptococcus mutans by immunoglobulins and complement. (4/23942)

Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis by gene delivery of soluble p75 tumour necrosis factor receptor. (5/23942)

Variable domain-linked oligosaccharides of a human monoclonal IgG: structure and influence on antigen binding. (6/23942)

Zonula occludens toxin is a powerful mucosal adjuvant for intranasally delivered antigens. (7/23942)

The levels and bactericidal capacity of antibodies directed against the UspA1 and UspA2 outer membrane proteins of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis in adults and children. (8/23942)

Immunoglobulin G

Immunoglobulins

Immunoglobulin M

Immunoglobulin A

Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains

Immunoglobulins, Intravenous

Genes, Immunoglobulin

Immunoglobulin Light Chains

Antibodies, Bacterial

Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains

Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments

Immunoglobulin Isotypes

Immunoglobulin E

Immunoglobulin A, Secretory

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Immunoglobulin Variable Region

Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments

Immunoglobulin mu-Chains

Antibody Specificity

Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains

Antibodies, Viral

B-Lymphocytes

Immunoglobulin D

Immunoglobulin Constant Regions

Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains

Immunoglobulin Fragments

Immunoglobulin Class Switching

Staphylococcal Protein A

Immunoglobulin Allotypes

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Antibodies, Protozoan

Receptors, Fc

Receptors, IgG

Antigens, Bacterial

Immunoglobulin J-Chains

Antibody Affinity

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Myeloma Proteins

Antibody Formation

Colostrum

Antigen-Antibody Complex

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic

Immunization

Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin

Immune Sera

Immunization, Passive

Cross Reactions

Immunoglobulin Joining Region

Molecular Sequence Data

Rabbits

Serologic Tests

Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

gamma-Globulins

Binding Sites, Antibody

Bacterial Vaccines

Plasmacytoma

Opsonin Proteins

Immunodiffusion

Immunoelectrophoresis

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Autoantibodies

Epitopes

Amino Acid Sequence

Immunoglobulin Idiotypes

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain

Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin

Agammaglobulinemia

Complement System Proteins

Antibodies, Fungal

Toxoplasmosis

Rubella virus

Antibodies

Antigen-Antibody Reactions

Base Sequence

Immunoglobulin delta-Chains

Antigens, Protozoan

Immunoglobulin Switch Region

Spleen

Immunoassay