Immunoglobulin D: An immunoglobulin which accounts for less than 1% of plasma immunoglobulin. It is found on the membrane of many circulating B LYMPHOCYTES.Immunoglobulin delta-Chains: The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN D. They have a molecular weight of approximately 64 kDa and they contain about 500 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component covalently bound to the Fc fragment constant region.Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency: Autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the mevalonate kinase gene. Because of the mutations cholesterol biosynthesis is disrupted and MEVALONIC ACID accumulates. It is characterized by a range of symptoms, including dysmorphic FACIES, psychomotor retardation, CATARACT, hepatosplenomegaly, CEREBELLAR ATAXIA, elevated IMMUNOGLOBULIN D, and recurrent febrile crises with FEVER; LYMPHADENOPATHY; ARTHRALGIA; EDEMA; and rash.Immunoglobulin Constant Regions: The domains of the immunoglobulin molecules that are invariable in their amino acid sequence within any class or subclass of immunoglobulin. They confer biological as well as structural functions to immunoglobulins. One each on both the light chains and the heavy chains comprises the C-terminus half of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FAB FRAGMENT and two or three of them make up the rest of the heavy chains (all of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FC FRAGMENT)Immunoglobulin M: A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains: The largest of polypeptide chains comprising immunoglobulins. They contain 450 to 600 amino acid residues per chain, and have molecular weights of 51-72 kDa.Immunoglobulins: Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.B-Lymphocytes: Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.Immunoglobulin G: The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.Immunoglobulin A: Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.Immunoglobulins, Intravenous: Immunoglobulin preparations used in intravenous infusion, containing primarily IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. They are used to treat a variety of diseases associated with decreased or abnormal immunoglobulin levels including pediatric AIDS; primary HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; SCID; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS infections in transplant recipients, LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC; Kawasaki syndrome, infection in neonates, and IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA.Genes, Immunoglobulin: Genes encoding the different subunits of the IMMUNOGLOBULINS, for example the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN GENES and the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES. The heavy and light immunoglobulin genes are present as gene segments in the germline cells. The completed genes are created when the segments are shuffled and assembled (B-LYMPHOCYTE GENE REARRANGEMENT) during B-LYMPHOCYTE maturation. The gene segments of the human light and heavy chain germline genes are symbolized V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant). The heavy chain germline genes have an additional segment D (diversity).Immunoglobulin Light Chains: Polypeptide chains, consisting of 211 to 217 amino acid residues and having a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa. There are two major types of light chains, kappa and lambda. Two Ig light chains and two Ig heavy chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) make one immunoglobulin molecule.Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains: One of the types of light chains of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa.Immunization, Passive: Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Receptors, IgG: Specific molecular sites on the surface of various cells, including B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that combine with IMMUNOGLOBULIN Gs. Three subclasses exist: Fc gamma RI (the CD64 antigen, a low affinity receptor), Fc gamma RII (the CD32 antigen, a high affinity receptor), and Fc gamma RIII (the CD16 antigen, a low affinity receptor).Actinobacillus suis: A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ACTINOBACILLUS. It is mainly a pathogen of PIGS, but also can infect HORSES.Mice, Hairless: Mutant strains of mice that produce little or no hair.Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane: A chronic blistering disease with predilection for mucous membranes and less frequently the skin, and with a tendency to scarring. It is sometimes called ocular pemphigoid because of conjunctival mucous membrane involvement.Saliva: The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.Immunoglobulin E: An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).Allergens: Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.Skin Tests: Epicutaneous or intradermal application of a sensitizer for demonstration of either delayed or immediate hypersensitivity. Used in diagnosis of hypersensitivity or as a test for cellular immunity.Hypersensitivity, Immediate: Hypersensitivity reactions which occur within minutes of exposure to challenging antigen due to the release of histamine which follows the antigen-antibody reaction and causes smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability.Desensitization, Immunologic: Immunosuppression by the administration of increasing doses of antigen. Though the exact mechanism is not clear, the therapy results in an increase in serum levels of allergen-specific IMMUNOGLOBULIN G, suppression of specific IgE, and an increase in suppressor T-cell activity.Asthma: A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).Encephalomalacia: Softening or loss of brain tissue following CEREBRAL INFARCTION; cerebral ischemia (see BRAIN ISCHEMIA), infection, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, or other injury. The term is often used during gross pathologic inspection to describe blurred cortical margins and decreased consistency of brain tissue following infarction. Multicystic encephalomalacia refers to the formation of multiple cystic cavities of various sizes in the cerebral cortex of neonates and infants following injury, most notably perinatal hypoxia-ischemic events. (From Davis et al., Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p665; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 1995 Mar;54(2):268-75)IgA Deficiency: A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A.Dysgammaglobulinemia: An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.Agammaglobulinemia: An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.IgG Deficiency: A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes: Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.Rho(D) Immune Globulin: Immunizing agent containing IMMUNOGLOBULIN G anti-Rho(D) used for preventing Rh immunization in Rh-negative individuals exposed to Rh-positive red blood cells.Electronic Mail: Messages between computer users via COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. This feature duplicates most of the features of paper mail, such as forwarding, multiple copies, and attachments of images and other file types, but with a speed advantage. The term also refers to an individual message sent in this way.Rh Isoimmunization: The process by which fetal Rh+ erythrocytes enter the circulation of an Rh- mother, causing her to produce IMMUNOGLOBULIN G antibodies, which can cross the placenta and destroy the erythrocytes of Rh+ fetuses. Rh isoimmunization can also be caused by BLOOD TRANSFUSION with mismatched blood.Erythroblastosis, Fetal: A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of ERYTHROBLASTS in the circulation of the FETUS or NEWBORNS. It is a disorder due to BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY, such as the maternal alloimmunization by fetal antigen RH FACTORS leading to HEMOLYSIS of ERYTHROCYTES, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), general edema (HYDROPS FETALIS), and SEVERE JAUNDICE IN NEWBORN.Rh-Hr Blood-Group System: Erythrocyte isoantigens of the Rh (Rhesus) blood group system, the most complex of all human blood groups. The major antigen Rh or D is the most common cause of erythroblastosis fetalis.Fetomaternal Transfusion: Transplacental passage of fetal blood into the circulation of the maternal organism. (Dorland, 27th ed)Abortion, Threatened: UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE.Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.Dictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as Topic: Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin: Specialized Fc receptors (RECEPTORS, FC) for polymeric immunoglobulins, which mediate transcytosis of polymeric IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN M into external secretions. They are found on the surfaces of epithelial cells and hepatocytes. After binding to IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, the receptor-ligand complex undergoes endocytosis, transport by vesicle, and secretion into the lumen by exocytosis. Before release, the part of the receptor (SECRETORY COMPONENT) that is bound to IMMUNOGLOBULIN A is proteolytically cleaved from its transmembrane tail. (From Rosen et al., The Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)Secretory Component: The extracellular moiety of the POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR found alone or complexed with IGA or IGM, in a variety of external secretions (tears, bile, colostrum.) Secretory component is derived by proteolytic cleavage of the receptor during transcytosis. When immunoglobulins IgA and IgM are bound to the receptor, during their transcytosis secretory component becomes covalently attached to them generating SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN A or secretory IMMUNOGLOBULIN M.Immunoglobulin A, Secretory: The principle immunoglobulin in exocrine secretions such as milk, respiratory and intestinal mucin, saliva and tears. The complete molecule (around 400 kD) is composed of two four-chain units of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, one SECRETORY COMPONENT and one J chain (IMMUNOGLOBULIN J-CHAINS).Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.Plasma Cells: Specialized forms of antibody-producing B-LYMPHOCYTES. They synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin. They are found only in lymphoid organs and at sites of immune responses and normally do not circulate in the blood or lymph. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989, p169 & Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p20)
Biased JH usage in plasma cell immunoglobulin gene sequences from colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis but not in Crohn's disease. (1/605)
BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease of the colonic and rectal mucosa. Autoantibodies have been observed in ulcerative colitis which may have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Evidence also suggests that there is an hereditary predisposition towards the disease, although no individual genes have been identified. AIMS: This is a pilot study of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes (IgH) in ulcerative colitis to determine whether they have any particular genetic characteristics which may lead to a better understanding of the disease aetiology. SUBJECTS: Colonic or rectal tissue was obtained from five children with ulcerative colitis. Tissue was also obtained from five children with Crohn's disease and five children who did not have inflammatory bowel disease as controls. METHODS: B cells and IgD+ B cells were identified by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections. Areas of lamina propria containing plasma cells, and areas of IgD+ B cells were microdissected. The immunoglobulin genes were PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Sequences were analysed for content of somatic mutations and composition of heavy chain. RESULTS: An increase in the use of JH6 and DXP'1, and a decrease in the use of JH4, gene segments in immunoglobulin genes from lamina propria plasma cells, and from virgin IgD+ B cells, was found in patients with ulcerative colitis. These biases were not present in the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: There is a fundamental difference in the immunoglobulin genes from patients with ulcerative colitis. Whether this is caused by a difference in content of immunoglobulin gene segments in the germline or a difference in the recombination mechanism is not known. (+info)Antigen-stimulated dissociation of BCR mIg from Ig-alpha/Ig-beta: implications for receptor desensitization. (2/605)
B cell antigen receptor (BCR) ligation leads to receptor desensitization wherein BCR remain competent to bind antigen and yet fail to transduce signals. Desensitized BCR exhibit a defect at the most proximal level of signal transduction, consistent with failed transmission of signals through the receptor complex. We report that antigen stimulation leads to dissociation or destabilization of the BCR reflected by inability to coimmunoprecipitate Ig-alpha/Ig-beta with mIg. This destabilization is temporally correlated with desensitization and occurs in BCR containing mIgM and mIgD. Induction of BCR destabilization requires tyrosine kinase activation but is not induced by phosphatase inhibitors. BCR destabilization occurs at the cell surface and "dissociated" Ig-alpha/Ig-beta complexes remain responsive to anti-Ig-beta stimulation, suggesting that mIg-transducer uncoupling may mediate receptor desensitization. (+info)IL-5 induces IgG1 isotype switch recombination in mouse CD38-activated sIgD-positive B lymphocytes. (3/605)
Mouse B cells express CD38, whose ligation by anti-CD38 Ab induces their proliferation and protection from apoptosis. We previously showed that stimulation of mouse splenic B cells with IL-5 together with CS/2, an anti-mouse CD38 mAb, induces production of IgG1 and IgM. Here we examined the role of IL-5 and CS/2 in the expression of germline gamma1 transcripts and the generation of reciprocal products forming DNA circles as byproducts of mu-gamma1 switch recombination. By itself, CS/2 induced significant expression of germline gamma1 transcripts in splenic naive B cells, whereas IL-5 neither induced nor enhanced germline gamma1 expression. Increased cellular content of reciprocal product, which is characteristic of mu-gamma1 recombination, was not observed after culturing B cells with CS/2, but increased reciprocal product, along with high levels of lgG1 secretion, was found when B cells were cultured with CS/2 plus IL-5. Although IL-4 did not, by itself, induce mu-gamma1 recombination in B cells stimulated with CS/2, in conjunction with CS/2 plus IL-5, IL-4 dramatically enhanced sterile gamma1 transcription and IgG1 production. These results demonstrate that CD38 ligation induces only germline gamma1 transcription and that IL-5 promotes both mu-gamma1 switch recombination and lgG1 secretion in an IL-4-independent manner. (+info)Induction of Ig somatic hypermutation and class switching in a human monoclonal IgM+ IgD+ B cell line in vitro: definition of the requirements and modalities of hypermutation. (4/605)
Partly because of the lack of a suitable in vitro model, the trigger(s) and the mechanism(s) of somatic hypermutation in Ig genes are largely unknown. We have analyzed the hypermutation potential of human CL-01 lymphocytes, our monoclonal model of germinal center B cell differentiation. These cells are surface IgM+ IgD+ and, in the absence of T cells, switch to IgG, IgA, and IgE in response to CD40:CD40 ligand engagement and exposure to appropriate cytokines. We show here that CL-01 cells can be induced to effectively mutate the expressed VHDJH-C mu, VHDJH-C delta, VHDJH-C gamma, VHDJH-C alpha, VHDJH-C epsilon, and V lambda J lambda-C lambda transcripts before and after Ig class switching in a stepwise fashion. In these cells, induction of somatic mutations required cross-linking of the surface receptor for Ag and T cell contact through CD40:CD40 ligand and CD80: CD28 coengagement. The induced mutations showed intrinsic features of Ig V(D)J hypermutation in that they comprised 110 base substitutions (97 in the heavy chain and 13 in the lambda-chain) and only 2 deletions and targeted V(D)J, virtually sparing CH and C lambda. These mutations were more abundant in secondary VHDJH-C gamma than primary VHDJH-C mu transcripts and in V(D)J-C than V lambda J lambda-C lambda transcripts. These mutations were also associated with coding DNA strand polarity and showed an overall rate of 2.42 x 10(-4) base changes/cell division in VHDJH-CH transcripts. Transitions were favored over transversions, and G nucleotides were preferentially targeted, mainly in the context of AG dinucleotides. Thus, in CL-01 cells, Ig somatic hypermutation is readily inducible by stimuli different from those required for class switching and displays discrete base substitution modalities. (+info)The evolutionarily conserved sequence upstream of the human Ig heavy chain S gamma 3 region is an inducible promoter: synergistic activation by CD40 ligand and IL-4 via cooperative NF-kappa B and STAT-6 binding sites. (5/605)
Germline C gamma gene transcription is a crucial event in the process that leads to switch DNA recombination to IgG, but its regulation in the human is poorly understood. We took advantage of our monoclonal model of germinal center B cell differentiation, IgM+ IgD+ CL-01 cells, to define the role of the I gamma 3 evolutionarily conserved sequence (ECS) in the germline transcriptional activation of the human C gamma 3 gene. The I gamma 3 ECS lies upstream of the major I gamma 3 transcription initiation site and displays more than 90% identity with the corresponding human I gamma 1, I gamma 2, and I gamma 4 regions. Reporter luciferase gene vectors containing the human gamma 3 ECS were used to transfect CL-01 cells, which have been shown to undergo Smu-->S gamma 3 DNA recombination, upon engagement of CD40 by CD40 ligand (CD40L) and exposure to IL-4. In these transfected CL-01 cells, CD40:CD40L engagement and exposure to IL-4 synergistically induced gamma 3 ECS-dependent luciferase reporter gene activation. Targeted mutational analysis demonstrated that a tandem NF-kappa B/Rel binding motif is critical for the gamma 3 ECS responsiveness to both CD40L and IL-4, while a STAT-6-binding site is additionally required for IL-4 inducibility. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that p50/p65/c-Rel and STAT-6 are effectively induced by CD40L and IL-4, respectively, and bind to specific DNA motifs within the ECS. These partially overlapping CD40L and IL-4 responsive elements are functionally cooperative as the disruption of one of them prevents synergistic promoter activation. Thus, the gamma 3 ECS is an inducible promoter containing cis elements that critically mediate CD40L and IL-4-triggered transcriptional activation of the human C gamma 3 gene. (+info)Differential regulation of transcription termination occurring at two different sites on the micro-delta gene complex. (6/605)
The progression of polymerases across the micro-delta Ig heavy chain gene complex is characterized by two termination events occurring at different sites on the transcription unit and at different times during B cell differentiation. We have utilized two mouse strains to analyze the regulatory determinants for these events in primary B cells. In the transgenic pmicro.microdeltaRatt strain a 1160 bp intervening DNA segment (the att site) has been inverted. This mutation results in the abrogation of transcription termination that occurs in early B cells. Using a novel method that takes advantage of an internal ribosome entry site we have further restricted the size of the segment that is needed for inducing transcription termination in transfectants. This 200 bp termination-inducing sequence operates in tumor equivalents of early but not mature B cells and the activity is correlated with differential binding of nuclear proteins. To explore the regulatory basis for the change in site of transcription termination upon B cell activation we have examined the microS-/- deletion mutant strain in which the microS poly(A) site has been eliminated. The results suggest that polyadenylation at the microS site plays a dominant but not exclusive role in regulating transcription termination in activated B cells. (+info)Serum hyaluronan in patients with multiple myeloma: correlation with survival and Ig concentration. (7/605)
Serum from 386 myeloma patients were analyzed for serum hyaluronan (HYA) at diagnosis. Median age was 68 years (range, 32 to 87 years). The distribution of Ig classes was typical (58% IgG, 21% IgA, 1% IgD, and 20% light chain disease). The patients comprised 58% in stage III, 33% in stage II, and 9% in stage I. The majority (82%) had HYA values within an intermediate range (10 to 120 micrograms/L), 13% had high values (>120 micrograms/L), and 5% had abnormally low values (0 to 9 micrograms/L). For the first time, a patient group with abnormally low HYA serum values is reported. An inverse correlation between survival and HYA serum level was found (P =.015). When tested separately, patients with abnormally low or high HYA values had significantly shorter median survival (21.1 and 19.7 months, respectively) than those with an intermediate HYA concentration (32. 6 months; P =.005). Patients with abnormally low or high HYA levels had more advanced disease as judged by staging and biochemical markers. Interestingly, there was an inverse correlation between the HYA value and the M-component concentration in serum. Fifty percent of patients with abnormally low HYA values had IgA myelomas. In conclusion, the serum concentration of HYA may be of prognostic value in selected cases of multiple myeloma. Further studies will be performed to elucidate possible explanations for our findings, especially those related to the HYA cell surface binding proteins. (+info)Composite low grade B-cell lymphomas with two immunophenotypically distinct cell populations are true biclonal lymphomas. A molecular analysis using laser capture microdissection. (8/605)
Low grade B-cell lymphomas comprise several well defined, clinically and immunophenotypically distinct disease entities. Composite lymphomas showing phenotypic characteristics of more than one of these tumor subtypes in the same site are rare, and both common and separate clonal origins of the two tumor parts have been reported for cases studied by molecular methods. We describe the detailed immunohistochemical and molecular findings in three cases with features of composite low grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL). All three neoplasms contained morphologically distinct but interwoven compartments of different cell types, which exhibited discordant expression of several markers, including CD5, CD10, CD43, and cyclin D1. According to their morphology and phenotypes, they were classified as mantle cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma (Case 1), follicular lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma (Case 2), and mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (Case 3). PCR analysis of DNA obtained from whole tissue sections failed to reveal evidence for biclonality in any of the cases. We therefore isolated cell populations with different antigen expression patterns by laser capture microdissection and analyzed them by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements and oncogene rearrangements. Sequence analysis revealed unrelated clonal rearrangements in each of the two tumor parts in all three cases, suggesting distinct clonal origins. In addition, Case 1 showed a bcl-2 rearrangement present only in the follicular lymphoma part. Our findings suggest that low grade B-NHL with two distinct morphological and immunophenotypic patterns in the same anatomical site are frequently biclonal. This is in keeping with current classification schemes, which recognize subtypes of low grade B-NHL as separate disease entities. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates the power of laser capture microdissection in revealing molecular microheterogeneity in complex neoplasms. (+info)
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HumanAntibodiesIVIGGenesProteinsReceptorProteinSuperfamily memberMonoclonalLight chainsIsotypeIsotypesTherapyLevel of immunoglobulinEnzyme-linkeChainsSerum immunoglobulinsQuantitativeHttpsMouse immunoglobulinNormal immunoglobulinTotal immunoglobulinsReplacement immunoglobulinNephropathyGeneDeficiencyLymphocytesRabiesMiceImmunologyAntigensType of antibodySubstancesIndicationsAutoimmune2017SubclassesGlycoproteinsImmune systemSecretoryComplement systemAntigen specificBloodSecretionsFLCsAntibody responsesMeaslesDiseasesEfficacy
Human1
- 2 decades ago, was proven to display a solid affinity for soluble human being immunoglobulin D (IgD) (9). (neurokinin-receptor.info)
Antibodies21
- Immunoglobulin therapy , also known as normal human immunoglobulin ( NHIG ), is the use of a mixture of antibodies (immunoglobulins) to treat a number of health conditions. (wikipedia.org)
- An IgA test measures the blood level of immunoglobulin A, one of the most common antibodies in the body. (kidshealth.org)
- The genes coding for these diverse range of immunoglobulins however are limited and do not number similar to the variety of antibodies. (news-medical.net)
- To protect the body from this perceived threat, or allergen, the immune system of an allergic person produces antibodies called immunoglobulin E. (kidshealth.org)
- immunoglobulin One of a group of proteins ( globulins ) in the body that act as antibodies . (encyclopedia.com)
- Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, comprise a family of proteins that occur in five major forms, also termed classes or isotypes - IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE and IgA. (wikipedia.org)
- Immunoglobulin G antibodies are the only antibodies that pass from mother to fetus through the placenta. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Elevated immunoglobulin levels mean that the body's immune system has produced antibodies in response to a threat, such as bacteria, viruses, fungus, animal dander or cancer cells. (reference.com)
- Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, attach themselves to foreign objects so that the immune system can destroy them, notes WebMD. (reference.com)
- Produced by the body's immune system, antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped proteins that help identify and remove antigens and other for. (reference.com)
- amysamp - I see your thinking, that you may need to replenish the IgA if it is high and therefore chronically fighting the infection therefore you might need new immunoglobulin antibodies to continue the fight. (wisegeek.com)
- How great are these immunoglobulin antibodies? (wisegeek.com)
- Here, we describe a method for rapid and consistent global characterization of leachable metal- or peroxide-stressed immunoglobulin (lg) G1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). (genengnews.com)
- PhysOrg.com) -- Like a blood-borne army, immunoglobulin G belongs to a class of antibodies that binds to viruses, fungi, bacteria and other foreign particles to initiate their destruction. (phys.org)
- Immunoglobulins are commonly known as antibodies . (chegg.com)
- Stimulation of resting B lymphocytes with antibodies to surface immunoglobulin (sIgD or sIgM) induces protein tyrosine phosphorylation, implicating one or more B-cell protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in sIg signal transduction. (pnas.org)
- When you are given an immunoglobulin, your body uses antibodies from other people's blood plasma to help prevent illness. (wellspan.org)
- Treatments for some cancers can cause the body to stop producing its own antibodies, making immunoglobulin treatment necessary. (wellspan.org)
- Zoster Immunoglobulin-VF contains protein substances called antibodies which can provide protection against the virus causing chickenpox and shingles. (nps.org.au)
- You will be given one dose of rabies immunoglobulin - a blood product that contains antibodies - and five doses of rabies vaccine. (thefreedictionary.com)
- This test measures the amount of immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, in your blood. (medlineplus.gov)
IVIG12
- Immunoglobulin Deficiency - Is ivig safe and how long do I have to use it? (drugs.com)
- IVIG (Intravenous immunoglobulin)? (drugs.com)
- OKLAHOMA CITY , Sept. 12, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- A subset of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who have an immune abnormality, may benefit from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment, according to new research from Richard E. Frye , MD, PhD, Chief of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at the Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital. (prnewswire.com)
- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is beneficial in other autoimmune diseases. (nih.gov)
- To review the literature on the use and efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in glomerulonephritis and to evaluate the nephrotoxic effect of IVIG. (nih.gov)
- To determine whether high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is more effective than placebo in restoring lost visual function (visual acuity) in optic neuritis (ON). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The TGA has become aware of reports of a markedly increased incidence of serious adverse reactions associated with Octagam, an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparation, manufactured by Octapharma in Europe. (tga.gov.au)
- Brooklyn, NY -- ( SBWIRE ) -- 11/01/2017 -- QYResearchReports.com has announced the addition of a report titled, "Global Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) Market Research Report 2017" to its depository. (sbwire.com)
- The improvement in the production of IVIg on account of technological advancements is another key catalyst of the market for intravenous immunoglobulin. (sbwire.com)
- The exorbitant costs of IVIg technology might also emerge as another restraint of the market for intravenous immunoglobulin. (sbwire.com)
- Serum levels of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G will be quantified before and after IVIG-infusion. (knowcancer.com)
- So much so that he is sending him for intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG) thinking. (alsforums.com)
Genes6
- The variable region of each immunoglobulin heavy or light chain is encoded in several pieces on the genes. (news-medical.net)
- Normal mature B cells are expected to have IgM and immunoglobulin D (IgD) on their surfaces, and, with proper stimulation, rearrange their immunoglobulin genes to switch from expressing IgM to IgG, IgA, or immunoglobulin E (IgE). (medscape.com)
- More recently, expression of engineered immunoglobulin genes in tissue culture can be used to produce IgM with specific alternations and thus to identify the molecular requirements for features of interest. (wikipedia.org)
- The new vaccine worked well whether it contained interleukin-2 and immunoglobulin G proteins or the genes encoding these proteins. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The technique should also lead to the cloning of antigen-binding specificities directly from immunoglobulin genes. (pnas.org)
- The bovine x mouse hybrid cells can be expected to provide bovine monoclonal immunoglobulins for sequencing studies and for use as serological standards as well as to provide messenger RNA for cloning bovine immunoglobulin genes. (sciencemag.org)
Proteins5
- A preparation containing immunoglobulin proteins, especially immune globulin. (yourdictionary.com)
- Proteins in this superfamily contain varying numbers of immunoglobulin-like domains and are thought to participate in the regulation of interactions between cells. (nih.gov)
- The immunoglobulin superfamily is a group of proteins, each made of one or several domains sharing key structural features with either the variable (V) or the constant (C) immunoglobulin domains. (nih.gov)
- A purified form of human immunoglobulin G and other proteins used to treat immunodeficiency and a wide variety of autoimmune disorders. (drugbank.ca)
- Immunoglobulin D ( IgD ) is an antibody isotype that makes up about 1% of proteins in the plasma membranes of immature B-lymphocytes where it is usually coexpressed with another cell surface antibody called IgM . (wikidoc.org)
Receptor6
- The high prevalence of IgA in mucosal areas is a result of a cooperation between plasma cells that produce polymeric IgA (pIgA), and mucosal epithelial cells that express an immunoglobulin receptor called the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR). (wikipedia.org)
- It includes such functionally important members as the immunoglobulins themselves, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II and T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules. (nih.gov)
- 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein said immunoglobulins exhibit decreased binding affinity for an FcγRIIb receptor. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein said immunoglobulins exhibit increased binding affinity for an FcγRIII receptor. (freepatentsonline.com)
- again this FeRn receptor, is taking that immunoglobulin from the lumenside. (coursera.org)
- SIgA is a protein complex formed by dimeric (dIgA) or polymeric IgA (pIgA) and the secretory component (SC), a peptide derived from the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). (frontiersin.org)
Protein11
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an antibody blood protein that's part of your immune system. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Immunoglobulin G is the major antibody containing protein fraction of blood. (labcorp.com)
- The definition of immunoglobulin is a protein that fights against disease. (yourdictionary.com)
- An example of an immunoglobulin is a protein that fights against strep throat. (yourdictionary.com)
- Immunoglobulins are composed of two types of protein chain -- the heavy chain and the light chain. (wikipedia.org)
- Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of protein in the body called an antibody. (childrensmn.org)
- Immunoglobulin is a type of protein that helps the body fight disease. (wisegeek.com)
- In screening mouse cytolytic-T-cell-derived cDNA libraries, we came across cDNA clones defining a sequence, CTLA-4, which could encode a 223-amino-acid protein clearly belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. (nih.gov)
- An antibody , also known as an immunoglobulin , is a large Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. (phys.org)
- Immunoglobulins are made of four protein chains. (chegg.com)
- Anti-immunoglobulin stimulation of B lymphocytes activates src-related protein-tyrosine kinases. (pnas.org)
Superfamily member1
- Your search returned 4 immunoglobulin superfamily, member 10 Biomolecules across 2 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
Monoclonal3
- Because of the less-than-robust response to therapy and impact on choice of optimal chemotherapy and prognosis, chronic kidney disease has drawn attention in the treatment of multiple myeloma, a malignant hematologic disorder that can produce significant amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs). (jci.org)
- To the extent that the experiments reflect the human condition, these studies offer insights into the pathogenesis of progressive kidney failure in the setting of lymphoproliferative disorders, such as multiple myeloma, that feature increased circulating levels of monoclonal immunoglobulin fragments that require metabolism by the kidney. (jci.org)
- A monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E antibody used in the treatment of severe asthma and chronic idiopathic urticaria. (drugbank.ca)
Light chains4
- Each immunoglobulin molecules is a tetramer of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains linked by disulfide bonds. (uniprot.org)
- Immunoglobulins include light chains and heavy chains. (wikipedia.org)
- Serological levels of free immunoglobulin light chains (FLCs), produced in excess of heavy chains during synthesis of immunoglobulins by plasma cells, can be considered a direct marker of B cell activity in different systemic inflammatory-autoimmune conditions and may represent a useful predictor of rituximab (RTX) therapeutic efficacy, as reported for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. (hindawi.com)
- They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. (drugbank.ca)
Isotype3
- Immunoglobulin E ( IgE ) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) " isotype ") that has only been found in mammals . (wikipedia.org)
- This process results in an immunoglobulin gene that encodes an antibody of a different isotype. (news-medical.net)
- alterations in clearance mechanisms, in addition to altered production of IgM by lymphocytes, may contribute to selective deficiency of this immunoglobulin isotype. (medscape.com)
Isotypes1
- Low levels of immunoglobulins (isotypes or subclasses), without impaired antigen-specific IgG antibody responses, do not indicate a need for immunoglobulin replacement therapy. (choosingwisely.org)
Therapy9
- Human immunoglobulin therapy first occurred in the 1930s and a formulation for injection into a vein was approved for medical use in the United States in 1981. (wikipedia.org)
- Immunoglobulin therapy is also used for a number of other conditions, including in many autoimmune disorders such as dermatomyositis in an attempt to decrease the severity of symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
- Immunoglobulin therapy is also used in some treatment protocols for secondary immunodeficiencies such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), some autoimmune disorders (such as immune thrombocytopenia and Kawasaki disease ), some neurological diseases ( multifocal motor neuropathy , stiff person syndrome , multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis ) some acute infections and some complications of organ transplantation. (wikipedia.org)
- Immunoglobulin therapy is especially useful in some acute infection cases such as pediatric HIV infection and is also considered the standard of treatment for some autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
- Different national bodies and medical associations have established varying standards for the use of immunoglobulin therapy. (wikipedia.org)
- The National Advisory Committee on Blood and Blood Products of Canada (NAC) and Canadian Blood Services have also developed their own separate set of guidelines for the appropriate use of immunoglobulin therapy, which strongly support the use of immunoglobulin therapy in primary immunodeficiencies and some complications of HIV, while remaining silent on the issues of sepsis, multiple sclerosis, and chronic fatigue syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- In November 2011, the IDF Medical Advisory Committee wrote a resolution regarding formulary changes that limit a physician's ability to determine the most appropriate immunoglobulin replacement therapy. (primaryimmune.org)
- Don't recommend replacement immunoglobulin therapy for recurrent infections unless impaired antibody responses to vaccines are demonstrated. (choosingwisely.org)
- Measurement of IgG subclasses is not routinely useful in determining the need for immunoglobulin therapy. (choosingwisely.org)
Level of immunoglobulin1
- The IgG test is used to measure the level of immunoglobulin G in the body. (healthtestingcenters.com)
Enzyme-linke2
- Evaluation of Immunoglobulin A-capture Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serodiagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection. (who.int)
- In September 2008, CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and state health departments began a nationwide investigation into an increase in false-positive test results obtained with a commercially available West Nile virus (WNV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (cdc.gov)
Chains2
- as such, the molecular weight of slgA is 385,000D. One of these is the J chain (joining chain), which is a polypeptide of molecular mass 15kD, rich with cysteine and structurally completely different from other immunoglobulin chains. (wikipedia.org)
- There is provided an isolated immunoglobulin comprising two heavy polypeptide chains sufficient for the formation of a complete antigen binding site or several antigen binding sites, wherein the immunoglobulin is further devoid of light polypeptide chains. (freepatentsonline.com)
Serum immunoglobulins2
- Cultures of blood were done and serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA) were estimated in all the subjects. (biomedsearch.com)
- Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. (jove.com)
Quantitative2
- The Immunoglobulin E (IgE) ELISA Kit is for the quantitative determination of IgE in human serum. (mpbio.com)
- Loh RK, Vale S, Maclean-Tooke A. Quantitative serum immunoglobulin tests. (medlineplus.gov)
Https1
- Retrieved on May 22, 2019 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/Antibody-Immunoglobulin-Diversity.aspx. (news-medical.net)
Mouse immunoglobulin1
- We have designed a set of oligonucleotide primers to amplify the cDNA of mouse immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable domains by the polymerase chain reaction. (pnas.org)
Normal immunoglobulin2
- The V domains of normal immunoglobulin are highly heterogeneous, reflecting their role in protecting against the great variety of infectious microbes, and this heterogeneity impeded detailed structural analysis of IgM. (wikipedia.org)
- Normal immunoglobulin E, or IgE, levels in children are 10 international units per milliliter for 1-year-olds. (reference.com)
Total immunoglobulins1
- This represents up to 15% of total immunoglobulins produced throughout the body. (wikipedia.org)
Replacement immunoglobulin1
- Restricting access of subscribers to only one or two product/formulations of replacement immunoglobulin regardless of the particular product the patient may currently be receiving poses an unjustified safety risk for patients. (primaryimmune.org)
Nephropathy5
- What is immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy? (medscape.com)
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is characterized by predominant IgA deposition in the glomerular mesangium. (medscape.com)
- Light microscopy of a glomerulus from a patient with immunoglobulin A nephropathy showing increased mesangial matrix and cellularity. (medscape.com)
- Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrating large mesangial immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposits diagnostic of IgA nephropathy. (medscape.com)
- Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a pathophysiology view. (medscape.com)
Gene2
- [ 7 ] The absence of IgM in the presence of normal levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) has yet to be explained, as this appears to contradict the theory of sequential immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. (medscape.com)
- This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin-like domain-containing superfamily. (nih.gov)
Deficiency6
- Immunoglobulin Deficiency - symptoms of deficiency? (drugs.com)
- Most people with selective IgA (immunoglobulin) deficiency have no symptoms. (drugs.com)
- Immunoglobulin D (IgD) deficiency is a defect of humoral immunity that is characterized by abnormally low serum levels of IgD immunoglobulins. (medscape.com)
- Selective immunoglobulin M (SIgM) deficiency is a rare form of dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by an isolated low level of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM). (medscape.com)
- Serum immunoglobulin levels are controlled by intricate immunological regulatory mechanisms, and heterogeneity is believed to exist in the pathogenesis of SIgM deficiency. (medscape.com)
- Selective IgA deficiency is not an indication for administration of immunoglobulin. (choosingwisely.org)
Lymphocytes2
- Genetic rearrangements occur during the maturation of B lymphocytes, eventually resulting in the surface expression of both immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgD on mature B cells. (medscape.com)
- The interspecific fusion of normal bovine lymphocytes with a nonsecreting mouse hybridoma produced stable cell lines secreting bovine immunoglobulins. (sciencemag.org)
Rabies10
- A number of specific immunoglobulin formulations are also available including for hepatitis B , rabies , tetanus , varicella infection , and Rh positive blood exposure . (wikipedia.org)
- The disease is preventable if exposed persons receive timely postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), which includes human rabies immunoglobulin and 4 doses of inactivated rabies vaccine administered over 14 days (4). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Tenders are invited for Equine Rabies Immunoglobulin 300 I. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Around 90% of the population received antirabies vaccination but only a few were administered rabies immunoglobulin despite 70% of the category III wounds victims. (thefreedictionary.com)
- There was no history suggestive of Rabies immunoglobulin administration at the wound site at that time. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Bringing down the cost of human rabies vaccines and treatments will require strong international collaboration to make quality-assured vaccines and rabies immunoglobulin available to health centres in regions where rabies is endemic. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 3) Which method was used to investigate rabies immunoglobulin in the cerebrospinal fluid? (thefreedictionary.com)
- shows that bites should be graded according to severity, and vaccine and/or rabies immunoglobulin (which is expensive) administered accordingly. (thefreedictionary.com)
- US military policy advised that rabies PEP should adhere to World Health Organization guidelines (10), which recommend giving human rabies immunoglobulin plus 5 doses of rabies vaccine. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was required following the national guidelines, so the patient received Purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) and human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG, 20 IU/Kg). (thefreedictionary.com)
Mice1
- We found that a regulatory system in the prominent human commensal Bacteroides fragilis modulates its surface architecture to invite binding of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in mice. (sciencemag.org)
Immunology1
- Use of intravenous immunoglobulin in human disease: a review of evidence by members of the Primary Immunodeficiency Committee of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. (choosingwisely.org)
Antigens5
- The molecular structures that microbes present to the immune system and elicit immunoglobulin (antibody) production are collectively denoted as antigens. (wikipedia.org)
- different V domains bind different antigens, i.e., binding of antigen by immunoglobulin is antigen specific. (wikipedia.org)
- Tenders are invited for reagents for the determination of TORCH infections, hepatitis, parasites ELISA: A set of reagents for the detection of immunoglobulin G antigens opistorhysiv, Trichinella, Echinococcus and toxocara serum (plasma) of human blood by ELISA. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 14, wherein said immunoglobulins comprise an antibody which binds to an antigen selected from the group consisting of growth factors, FGFR, EGFR, VEGF, leukocyte antigens, CD20, CD33, cytokines, TNF-α and TNF-β. (freepatentsonline.com)
- As one of the 5 immunoglobulins found in the blood, it is a long-lasting defense against most antigens. (healthtestingcenters.com)
Type of antibody1
- Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody. (wikipedia.org)
Substances1
- Your body makes different types of immunoglobulins to fight different types of these substances. (medlineplus.gov)
Indications1
- Overall, 2% of patients who had received IV immunoglobulin for various indications were affected, compared with 4.1% of controls who had not received the treatment ( P =0.002), Howard Fillit, MD, of Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, and colleagues reported in the July 21 issue of Neurology . (medpagetoday.com)
Autoimmune2
- As the number of patients suffering from pathological conditions and autoimmune diseases has been escalating by the day, the global demand for intravenous immunoglobulin is expected to multiply. (sbwire.com)
- Lupus, celiac disease, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis are some autoimmune conditions that are diagnosed via intravenous immunoglobulin tests. (sbwire.com)
20172
- Global Immunoglobulin Market Size 2017 Industry Trend and Forecast. (mynewsdesk.com)
- The Global And China Immunoglobulin Industry 2017 Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Immunoglobulin industry. (mynewsdesk.com)
Subclasses1
- IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses. (drugbank.ca)
Glycoproteins1
- Immunoglobulins (Igs) are glycoproteins. (chegg.com)
Immune system2
- Binding of the immunoglobulins to a microbe can have immediate effects such as blocking invasion and it can mobilize other components of the immune system to destroy or otherwise inactivate the microbes, thereby providing protection against infectious diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- Allergic (extrinsic) asthma is associated with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-an antibody generated by the immune system, in this case, in response to a normally harmless substance. (verywellhealth.com)
Secretory3
- Schematic of immunoglobulin A invasion showing of-privacy-hain (blue), L-chain (red), J-chain (magenta) and secretory component (yellow). (wikipedia.org)
- Immunoglobulin A ( IgA , also referred to as sIgA in its secretory form) is an antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune function of mucous membranes . (wikipedia.org)
- however, because of the J chain, it is also important as a secretory immunoglobulin. (bionity.com)
Complement system2
- The immunoglobulin C domains interact with other physiological components, eg cellular immunoglobulin receptors and the complement system. (wikipedia.org)
- Thus, the constant domain of an immunoglobulin can help mobilize phagocytic cells or the complement system to act on an antigen to which it is bound by via variable domain. (wikipedia.org)
Antigen specific1
- Immunoglobulin (gammaglobulin) replacement is expensive and does not improve outcomes unless there is impairment of antigen-specific IgG antibody responses to vaccine immunizations or natural infections. (choosingwisely.org)
Blood14
- Immunoglobulin G (IgG) holds the highest share (44%) in the global blood plasma market, with a revenue of $9.24 billion. (frost.com)
- An allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) blood test is done to check whether a person is allergic to a particular substance. (kidshealth.org)
- Immunoglobulin can be collected from the plasma of donated blood. (oncolink.org)
- The main immunoglobulin of blood, lymph, and tissue fluid is immunoglobulin G ( IgG ). (encyclopedia.com)
- Immunoglobulin E ( IgE ) also normally has very low concentrations in blood and connective tissues, but it plays a crucial role in allergic reactions. (encyclopedia.com)
- For adults, elevated levels of immunoglobulin E or IgE are above 423 international units per milliliter of blood, according to WebMD. (reference.com)
- And even though immunoglobulins are obtained from blood, they are purified so that they can't pass on diseases to the person who receives them. (wellspan.org)
- Immunoglobulin is sometimes used to treat immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), an immune disorder in which the body attacks the cells responsible for blood clotting (platelets), resulting in bleeding. (wellspan.org)
- As one of the 5 immunoglobulins found in the blood ,it is the first or primary immunoglobulin produced following exposure to an antigen. (healthtestingcenters.com)
- Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) can successfully compete with immunoglobulin (IgG) produced in the blood of mammals. (scirp.org)
- Zoster Immunoglobulin-VF is prepared from blood obtained from voluntary donors. (nps.org.au)
- What is an immunoglobulins blood test? (medlineplus.gov)
- Why do I need an immunoglobulins blood test? (medlineplus.gov)
- You don't need any special preparations for an immunoglobulins blood test. (medlineplus.gov)
Secretions4
- one of the most common immunoglobulins, it is mainly present in body secretions and is the chief antibody in the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract and in saliva and tears. (labtestsonline.org)
- Immunoglobulin A ( IgA ) is found in saliva, tears, breast milk, and mucous secretions, where its role is to neutralize viruses and bacteria as they enter the body. (encyclopedia.com)
- sIgA is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions , including tears , saliva , sweat , colostrum and secretions from the genitourinary tract , gastrointestinal tract , prostate and respiratory epithelium . (wikipedia.org)
- An investigation of the distribution of immunoglobulins in the external secretions of the hamster revealed the predominance of γA. (jimmunol.org)
FLCs1
- The present study demonstrated that during the process of metabolism of immunoglobulin FLCs, ROS activated the STAT1 pathway in proximal tubule epithelium. (jci.org)
Antibody responses1
- Some patients are capable of normal antibody responses of other immunoglobulin classes following specific immunization, whereas others respond poorly. (medscape.com)
Measles2
- These conditions include primary immunodeficiency , immune thrombocytopenic purpura , chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy , Kawasaki disease , certain cases of HIV/AIDS and measles , Guillain-Barré syndrome , and certain other infections when a more specific immunoglobulin is not available. (wikipedia.org)
- You may be given an immunoglobulin if you are exposed to certain infectious diseases, such as hepatitis A , rubella , or measles. (wellspan.org)
Diseases3
- The Chinese company added that the bovine immunoglobulin G (IgG) kits helps to prevent and treat blue ear disease, respiratory pneumonia, pseudorabies, swine fever and foot and mouth disease, which are common diseases affecting pig in the farming industry. (thefreedictionary.com)
- IV immunoglobulin has been used safely for more than 20 years to treat other diseases but is thought to have an indirect effect on Alzheimer's disease by targeting beta-amyloid," Dr. Fillit said. (medpagetoday.com)
- And if I remember correctly these diseases occur with low immunoglobulin counts so the immunoglobulin being administered via IV may be to increase the levels as opposed to replenish the levels. (wisegeek.com)
Efficacy1
- The aim of this study is to study the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins for inducing remission in patients relapsing of systemic vasculitides. (clinicaltrials.gov)
