Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
Immunoglobulins
Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin Light Chains
Characterization of T-cell repertoire of the bone marrow in immune-mediated aplastic anemia: evidence for the involvement of antigen-driven T-cell response in cyclosporine-dependent aplastic anemia. (1/126)
To determine whether the antigen-driven T-cell response is involved in the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia (AA), we examined the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) size distribution of T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain (BV) subfamilies in the bone marrow (BM) of untreated AA patients. AA patients who did not respond to immunosuppressive therapy and those who obtained unmaintained remission early after cyclosporine (CyA) or antithymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy exhibited essentially a normal CDR3 size pattern. In contrast, five patients who needed continuous administration of CyA to maintain remission exhibited a skewed CDR3 size pattern in a number (>40%) of BV subfamilies suggestive of clonal predominance. The skewing of CDR3 size distribution became less pronounced in one of the CyA-dependent patients when the patient achieved unmaintained remission after a 4-year therapy with CyA, whereas it persisted longer than 7 years in the other patient requiring maintenance therapy. Sequencing of BV15 cDNA for which the CDR3 size pattern exhibited apparent clonal predominance in all CyA-dependent patients showed high homology of the amino acid sequence of the CDR3 between two different patients. These findings indicate that antigen-driven expansion of T cells is involved in the pathogenesis of AA characterized by CyA-dependent recovery of hematopoiesis. (+info)A peptide derived from a polyreactive monoclonal anti-DNA natural antibody can modulate lupus development in (NZBxNZW)F1 mice. (2/126)
In lupus-prone (NZBxNZW)F1 (B/W) mice, elevated levels of polyreactive autoantibodies bearing the D23 idiotype (Id), characteristic of natural antibodies, were detected before and after the appearance of pathological anti-DNA antibodies. While these D23 Id+ antibodies were able to regulate anti-DNA antibodies in the early stage of the disease, we found that during disease evolution they had lost their normal ability to regulate anti-DNA antibodies and furthermore could participate in the lupus-like syndrome. To explore further the role of the D23 Id+ antibodies, we injected young B/W mice with a peptide corresponding to the VH CDR3 region of the D23 monoclonal natural antibody (mNAb). High levels of monospecific antipeptide, as well as polyreactive antibodies, were induced. Among them, the most markedly enhanced antibody population was DNA-reactive immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). Compared with controls, these immunized mice had a delayed 50% survival rate and proteinuria developed later. Furthermore, IgG1 able to react with IgG2a anti-DNA monoclonal antibodies derived from B/W mice were also produced after peptide immunization. Thus, a peptide corresponding to the CDR3 of the D23 mNAb antibody might play a role in the regulation of murine lupus. (+info)Polyclonal expansion of TCRBV2- and TCRBV6-bearing T cells in patients with Kawasaki disease. (3/126)
We examined T-cell receptor (TCR) usage, cytokine production and antibody responses to superantigens in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) to facilitate a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of KD. The mean percentage of VB2- or VB6. 5-bearing T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with acute-phase KD was significantly higher than that of patients in the convalescent phase of KD or in healthy donors. Expansion of VB2- or VB6.5-bearing T cells was polyclonal because DNA sequences in the complementarity determining region 3 of VB2- and VB6.5-positive cDNA clones were all different from each other. The plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were elevated in the acute phase of KD. We previously reported that streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SPEC) was a potent stimulator of VB2- and VB6.5-positive T cells and, furthermore, serum levels of anti-SPEC antibodies were significantly higher in patients with acute and convalescent KD than in age-matched controls. The results of the present study, together with those of our previous report, suggest that SPEC induces activation and polyclonal expansion of VB2- and VB6.5-positive T cells, and that SPEC-induced activation of T cells may lead to the pathogenesis of KD. (+info)Evolution of antigen-specific T cell receptors in vivo: preimmune and antigen-driven selection of preferred complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) motifs. (4/126)
Antigen (Ag)-driven selection of helper T cells (Th) in normal animals has been difficult to study and remains poorly understood. Using the major histocompatibility complex class II- restricted murine response to pigeon cytochrome c (PCC), we provide evidence for both preimmune and Ag-driven selection in the evolution of Ag-specific immunity in vivo. Before antigenic challenge, most Valpha11(+)Vbeta3(+) Th (70%) express a critical complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) residue (glutamic acid at TCR-alpha93) associated with PCC peptide contact. Over the first 5 d of the primary response, PCC-responsive Valpha11(+)Vbeta3(+) Th expressing eight preferred CDR3 features are rapidly selected in vivo. Clonal dominance is further propagated through selective expansion of the PCC-specific cells with T cell receptor (TCR) of the "best fit." Ag-driven selection is complete before significant emergence of the germinal center reaction. These data argue that thymic selection shapes TCR-alpha V region bias in the preimmune repertoire; however, Ag itself and the nongerminal center microenvironment drive the selective expansion of clones with preferred TCR that dominate the response to Ag in vivo. (+info)Composite low grade B-cell lymphomas with two immunophenotypically distinct cell populations are true biclonal lymphomas. A molecular analysis using laser capture microdissection. (5/126)
Low grade B-cell lymphomas comprise several well defined, clinically and immunophenotypically distinct disease entities. Composite lymphomas showing phenotypic characteristics of more than one of these tumor subtypes in the same site are rare, and both common and separate clonal origins of the two tumor parts have been reported for cases studied by molecular methods. We describe the detailed immunohistochemical and molecular findings in three cases with features of composite low grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL). All three neoplasms contained morphologically distinct but interwoven compartments of different cell types, which exhibited discordant expression of several markers, including CD5, CD10, CD43, and cyclin D1. According to their morphology and phenotypes, they were classified as mantle cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma (Case 1), follicular lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma (Case 2), and mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (Case 3). PCR analysis of DNA obtained from whole tissue sections failed to reveal evidence for biclonality in any of the cases. We therefore isolated cell populations with different antigen expression patterns by laser capture microdissection and analyzed them by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements and oncogene rearrangements. Sequence analysis revealed unrelated clonal rearrangements in each of the two tumor parts in all three cases, suggesting distinct clonal origins. In addition, Case 1 showed a bcl-2 rearrangement present only in the follicular lymphoma part. Our findings suggest that low grade B-NHL with two distinct morphological and immunophenotypic patterns in the same anatomical site are frequently biclonal. This is in keeping with current classification schemes, which recognize subtypes of low grade B-NHL as separate disease entities. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates the power of laser capture microdissection in revealing molecular microheterogeneity in complex neoplasms. (+info)Switch recombination in a transfected plasmid occurs preferentially in a B cell line that undergoes switch recombination of its chromosomal Ig heavy chain genes. (6/126)
Ab class switching is induced upon B cell activation in vivo by immunization or infection or in vitro by treatment with mitogens, e. g. LPS, and results in the expression of different heavy chain constant region (CH) genes without a change in the Ab variable region. This DNA recombination event allows Abs to alter their biological activity while maintaining their antigenic specificity. Little is known about the molecular mechanism of switch recombination. To attempt to develop an assay for enzymes, DNA binding proteins, and DNA sequences that mediate switch recombination, we have constructed a plasmid DNA substrate that will undergo switch recombination upon stable transfection into the surface IgM+ B cell line (I.29 mu), a cell line capable of undergoing switch recombination of its endogenous genes. We demonstrate that recombination occurs between the two switch regions of the plasmid, as assayed by PCRs across the integrated plasmid switch regions, followed by Southern blot hybridization. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR products confirmed the occurrence of S mu-S alpha recombination in the plasmid. Recombination of the plasmid in I.29 mu cells does not require treatment with inducers of switch recombination, suggesting that recombinase activity is constitutive in I.29 mu cells. Recombination does not require high levels of transcription across the switch regions of the plasmid. Fewer recombination events are detected in four different B and T cell lines that do not undergo switch recombination of their endogenous genes. (+info)A recurrent breakpoint in the most common deletion of the Ig heavy chain locus (del A1-GP-G2-G4-E). (7/126)
Human Ig heavy chain constant regions are encoded by a cluster of genes, the IGHC locus, on 14q32.3. Several forms of IGHC deletions and duplications spanning one to five genes have been described in different populations, with frequencies of 1.5-3.5% and 4.5-44%, respectively. Despite the common occurrence of these gene rearrangements, little is known about the breakpoint sites; evidence obtained from deletions in the IGHC locus and in other regions of the human genome suggests that they preferentially occur in highly homologous regions and might be favored by a variety of recombinogenic signals. We present here a detailed study of three homozygotes for the most common type of IGHC multiple gene deletion, spanning the A1-GP-G2-G4-E genes. Using a combination of Southern blotting, long-range PCR, and automated sequencing, the unequal crossover events of all of the six studied haplotypes have been mapped to a region of approximately 2 kb with almost complete homology between EP1-A1 and E-A2, flanked by two minisatellites. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that segments of complete homology may be required for efficient homologous recombination in humans. The possible role of minisatellites as recombination signals is inferred, in agreement with current knowledge. (+info)Gamma heavy chain disease simulating alpha chain disease. (8/126)
A young Turkish girl presented with all the clinicopathological features of a digestive form of alpha chain disease. A gamma heavy chain disease protein, however, was found in her serum and also in the cells invading the intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes. (+info)Immunoglobulin (Ig) alpha-chains are heavy chains found in certain types of antibodies, specifically IgA and IgD, which contain a variable region for antigen binding, four constant regions (Cα1-Cα4), and an attached peptide called the alpha-chain tail piece that plays a role in effector functions and transport across epithelial cells.
Immunoglobulin alpha-chains (IgA) are a type of immunoglobulin or antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune system. They are composed of two heavy chains, known as alpha-chains, and two light chains. IgA is primarily found in secretions such as tears, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory and intestinal mucus, where they provide protection against pathogens that enter the body through these surfaces.
IgA can exist in two forms: a monomeric form, which consists of a single IgA molecule, and a polymeric form, which consists of several IgA molecules joined together by a J chain. The polymeric form is more common in secretions, where it provides an effective barrier against pathogens.
IgA functions by binding to antigens on the surface of pathogens, preventing them from attaching to and infecting host cells. It can also neutralize toxins produced by some bacteria and viruses. Additionally, IgA can activate the complement system, a group of proteins that work together to destroy pathogens, and initiate an immune response by recruiting other immune cells to the site of infection.
Deficiencies in IgA are relatively common and usually do not cause any significant health problems. However, in some cases, people with IgA deficiency may develop recurrent infections or allergies.
Immunoglobulin heavy chains are large polypeptide chains that, in combination with light chains, constitute the antigen-binding part of antibodies and are responsible for specificity of antibody-antigen interactions.
Immunoglobulin heavy chains are proteins that make up the framework of antibodies, which are Y-shaped immune proteins. These heavy chains, along with light chains, form the antigen-binding sites of an antibody, which recognize and bind to specific foreign substances (antigens) in order to neutralize or remove them from the body.
The heavy chain is composed of a variable region, which contains the antigen-binding site, and constant regions that determine the class and function of the antibody. There are five classes of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM) that differ in their heavy chain constant regions and therefore have different functions in the immune response.
Immunoglobulin heavy chains are synthesized by B cells, a type of white blood cell involved in the adaptive immune response. The genetic rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes during B cell development results in the production of a vast array of different antibodies with unique antigen-binding sites, allowing for the recognition and elimination of a wide variety of pathogens.
Immunoglobulins are glycoprotein molecules produced by B-cells, also known as antibodies, that play a crucial role in immune response by identifying and binding to specific antigens, thereby neutralizing or marking them for destruction by other components of the immune system.
Immunoglobulins (Igs), also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by the immune system's B cells in response to the presence of foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins. These Y-shaped proteins play a crucial role in identifying and neutralizing pathogens and other antigens, thereby protecting the body against infection and disease.
Immunoglobulins are composed of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. The variable regions of these chains form the antigen-binding sites, which recognize and bind to specific epitopes on antigens. Based on their heavy chain type, immunoglobulins are classified into five main isotypes or classes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class has distinct functions in the immune response, such as providing protection in different body fluids and tissues, mediating hypersensitivity reactions, and aiding in the development of immunological memory.
In medical settings, immunoglobulins can be administered therapeutically to provide passive immunity against certain diseases or to treat immune deficiencies, autoimmune disorders, and other conditions that may benefit from immunomodulation.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody that is the most abundant in human blood, provides long-term immunity against pathogens, and plays a crucial role in combating bacterial and viral infections by participating in various immune responses, such as agglutination, complement activation, and opsonization.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody, which is a protective protein produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances like bacteria or viruses. IgG is the most abundant type of antibody in human blood, making up about 75-80% of all antibodies. It is found in all body fluids and plays a crucial role in fighting infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and toxins.
IgG has several important functions:
1. Neutralization: IgG can bind to the surface of bacteria or viruses, preventing them from attaching to and infecting human cells.
2. Opsonization: IgG coats the surface of pathogens, making them more recognizable and easier for immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages to phagocytose (engulf and destroy) them.
3. Complement activation: IgG can activate the complement system, a group of proteins that work together to help eliminate pathogens from the body. Activation of the complement system leads to the formation of the membrane attack complex, which creates holes in the cell membranes of bacteria, leading to their lysis (destruction).
4. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC): IgG can bind to immune cells like natural killer (NK) cells and trigger them to release substances that cause target cells (such as virus-infected or cancerous cells) to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death).
5. Immune complex formation: IgG can form immune complexes with antigens, which can then be removed from the body through various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis by immune cells or excretion in urine.
IgG is a critical component of adaptive immunity and provides long-lasting protection against reinfection with many pathogens. It has four subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) that differ in their structure, function, and distribution in the body.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in immune function, existing as two subclasses (IgA1 and IgA2), primarily found in secretions such as tears, saliva, breast milk, and gastrointestinal fluids, and contributing to mucosal immunity by preventing pathogen adhesion and invasion.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune function of the human body. It is primarily found in external secretions, such as saliva, tears, breast milk, and sweat, as well as in mucous membranes lining the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. IgA exists in two forms: a monomeric form found in serum and a polymeric form found in secretions.
The primary function of IgA is to provide immune protection at mucosal surfaces, which are exposed to various environmental antigens, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and allergens. By doing so, it helps prevent the entry and colonization of pathogens into the body, reducing the risk of infections and inflammation.
IgA functions by binding to antigens present on the surface of pathogens or allergens, forming immune complexes that can neutralize their activity. These complexes are then transported across the epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces and released into the lumen, where they prevent the adherence and invasion of pathogens.
In summary, Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a vital antibody that provides immune defense at mucosal surfaces by neutralizing and preventing the entry of harmful antigens into the body.
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is a type of antibody that is the first to be produced in response to an antigen, existing primarily in the blood and lymph fluid, and is primarily composed of pentamers, making it effective at agglutination and complement activation.
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is a type of antibody that is primarily found in the blood and lymph fluid. It is the first antibody to be produced in response to an initial exposure to an antigen, making it an important part of the body's primary immune response. IgM antibodies are large molecules that are composed of five basic units, giving them a pentameric structure. They are primarily found on the surface of B cells as membrane-bound immunoglobulins (mlgM), where they function as receptors for antigens. Once an mlgM receptor binds to an antigen, it triggers the activation and differentiation of the B cell into a plasma cell that produces and secretes large amounts of soluble IgM antibodies.
IgM antibodies are particularly effective at agglutination (clumping) and complement activation, which makes them important in the early stages of an immune response to help clear pathogens from the bloodstream. However, they are not as stable or long-lived as other types of antibodies, such as IgG, and their levels tend to decline after the initial immune response has occurred.
In summary, Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the primary immune response to antigens by agglutination and complement activation. It is primarily found in the blood and lymph fluid, and it is produced by B cells after they are activated by an antigen.
Immunoglobulin Light Chains are polypeptide chains, either kappa or lambda, that form the antigen-binding site of an antibody in combination with heavy chains, and can be monoclonally produced in certain diseases like multiple myeloma.
Immunoglobulin light chains are the smaller protein subunits of an immunoglobulin, also known as an antibody. They are composed of two polypeptide chains, called kappa (κ) and lambda (λ), which are produced by B cells during the immune response. Each immunoglobulin molecule contains either two kappa or two lambda light chains, in association with two heavy chains.
Light chains play a crucial role in the antigen-binding site of an antibody, where they contribute to the specificity and affinity of the interaction between the antibody and its target antigen. In addition to their role in immune function, abnormal production or accumulation of light chains can lead to various diseases, such as multiple myeloma and amyloidosis.
![HLA-F major histocompatibility complex, class I, F [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI](data:image/png;base64,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)
HLA-F major histocompatibility complex, class I, F [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
... alpha chain immunoglobulin domain. pfam00129. Location:22 → 200. MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and ... alpha chain immunoglobulin domain. pfam00129. Location:22 → 200. MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and ... It encodes a non-classical heavy chain that forms a heterodimer with a beta-2 microglobulin light chain, with the heavy chain ... HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F. Names. HLA F antigen. MHC class I antigen F. leukocyte antigen F. non- ...
CD8A - Wikipedia
Both alpha and beta chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. This gene encodes the CD8 alpha ... The functional coreceptor is either a homodimer composed of two alpha chains, or a heterodimer composed of one alpha and one ... Nakayama K, Tokito S, Okumura K, Nakauchi H (1989). "Structure and expression of the gene encoding CD8 alpha chain (Leu-2/T8 ... Human T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain) at the PDBe-KB. Overview of all the structural information available in the ...
Mu Heavy Chain Disease: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
... are rare B-cell proliferative disorders characterized by the synthesis and secretion of incomplete immunoglobulin heavy chains ... are rare variants of B-cell lymphomas that produce one of three classes of immunoglobulin heavy chains: alpha, gamma, or mu. ... Normal immunoglobulin molecules consist of 2 pairs of polypeptide chains, designated the light and heavy chains, which are ... Normal immunoglobulin molecules consist of 2 pairs of polypeptide chains, designated the light and heavy chains, which are ...
CD8A - wikidoc
Both alpha and beta chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. This gene encodes the CD8 alpha ... The functional coreceptor is either a homodimer composed of two alpha chains, or a heterodimer composed of one alpha and one ... Nakayama K, Tokito S, Okumura K, Nakauchi H (1989). "Structure and expression of the gene encoding CD8 alpha chain (Leu-2/T8 ... 2hp4: Computational design and crystal structure of an enhanced affinity mutant human CD8-alpha-alpha co-receptor ...
MHC class II - Structure, Synthesis and Significance
The extracellular domain of the alpha chain is composed of two immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, called alpha1 and alpha2 ... MHC class II molecules are heterodimers consisting of two chains: alpha and beta. The alpha chain is encoded by one of the HLA- ... The beta1 domain is involved in binding to the alpha chain, while the beta2 domain forms the roof of the peptide-binding groove ... The interactions between the alpha and beta chains are critical for the stability of the MHC class II molecule. The alpha1 and ...
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Both alpha and beta chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. CD8 identifies cytotoxic/ ... The functional CD8 is either a homodimer composed of two alpha chains, or a heterodimer composed of one alpha and one beta ... CD8 alpha chains bind to class-I MHC molecules alpha-3 domains.. ...
Frontiers | Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain High-Throughput Sequencing in Pediatric B-Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Is the...
... of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus is a recent very efficient technique to monitor minimal residual disease of B- ... of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus is a recent very efficient technique to monitor minimal residual disease of B- ... Most alpha/beta T cell receptor diversity is due to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. J Exp Med. (2001) 194:1385-90. doi: ... Detection of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene clonality by next-generation sequencing for minimal residual disease monitoring in ...
GlyConnect
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Research output - National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Academic Hub
Search Results | DrugBank Online
Matched Synonyms: … Immunoglobulin G1, anti-(human interleukin 2 receptor alpha-chain) (mouse monoclonal B-B10 gammal-chain … ... 4,6-Dideoxy-4-{[4,5,6-Trihydroxy-3-(Hydroxymethyl)Cyclohex-2-En-1-Yl]Amino}-Alpha-D-Lyxo-Hexopyranosyl-(1-,4)-Alpha-D-Threo- ... Matched Name: … -(1->4)-Alpha-D-Threo-Hexopyranosyl-(1->6)-Alpha-L-Threo-Hexopyranose ... 4,6-Dideoxy-4-{[4,5,6-Trihydroxy-3-( ... Matched Synonyms: … 11-Dehydroprostaglandin F2-alpha … Matched Iupac: … (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1- ...
A macrophage Fc gamma receptor and the mast cell receptor for IgE share an identical subunit - Wikidata
Human and rat mast cell high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptors: characterization of putative alpha-chain gene products ... A cDNA presumptively coding for the alpha subunit of the receptor with high affinity for immunoglobulin E. ... Phospholipids stabilize the interaction between the .alpha. and .beta. subunits of the solubilized receptor for immunoglobulin ... A human immunoglobulin G receptor exists in both polypeptide-anchored and phosphatidylinositol-glycan-anchored forms ...
Anti-Osteopontin, aa59-74 | Technique alternative | 01010005126 - Antibodies, Anit-bodies, Antibody, Anti-body
Genetic aspects of immunoglobulin A deficiency
While a rare individual can be IgA1 deficient on the basis of heavy-chain deletions of alpha 1 genes in concert with other ... Genetic aspects of immunoglobulin A deficiency Adv Hum Genet. 1990:19:235-66. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9065-8_4. ... Absence of both IgA1 and IgA2 genes (presumably in concert with other heavy-chain genes) has never been reported. For ... heavy-chain genes on chromosome 14, such individuals are quite rare, and from a clinical point of view, those reported have ...
CD8 antibody (IR251-890) | iReal Biotechnology, Inc.
Both alpha and beta chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. This gene encodes the CD8 alpha ... The coreceptor functions as either a homodimer composed of two alpha chains or as a heterodimer composed of one alpha and one ... chain. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The major protein isoforms of ...
Relapsing Polychondritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
... immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to tubulin-alpha chains are rarely reported and may have diagnostic value in persons with ... Herbert S Diamond, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, ... Elliot Goldberg, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, American ... Nicholas Compton, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, ...
Default in plasma and intestinal IgA responses during acute infection by simian immunodeficiency virus | Retrovirology | Full...
Scinicariello F, Attanasio R: Intraspecies heterogeneity of immunoglobulin alpha-chain constant region genes in rhesus macaques ... Quantification of immunoglobulin A and cytokines. Plasma BAFF and APRIL levels were respectively quantified using the ... Litinskiy MB, Nardelli B, Hilbert DM, He B, Schaffer A, Casali P, Cerutti A: DCs induce CD40-independent immunoglobulin class ... Plasma IgA concentrations were determined using a monkey IgA ELISA kit (Alpha diagnostic Intl Inc., San Antonio, Tx). Each ...
WikiGenes - Rn5s - 5S RNA
A multidisciplinary approach to study a couple of monozygotic twins discordant for the chronic fatigue syndrome: a focus on...
... and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein), we used the western blot analysis. Moreover, proteins differentially expressed were ... Besides, the decrease of Ig alpha-1 chain C and of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) that we observed could have ... In fact, Ig alpha-1 chain C has a role in preventing access of foreign antigens to the general immunologic system. PIgR ensures ... To visualize the different expression of zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG), aliquots of WS corresponding to 300 μg of proteins, ...
February | 2021 | STAT signals
A unique proteomic profiling with increased or decreased fibrinogen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, clusterin, and immunoglobulin free ... This decreased the intercatenary distances and limited the movement of polymer chains, which resulted in a more rigid matrix. ... Plasma samples from patients with KD before intravenous immunoglobulin administration were indicated for measurement of these ... light chains were noted in KD in our previous study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate relations between these ...
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Workup: Approach Considerations, CBC With Differential, Chemistry Panel
... immunoglobulin light chains, beta2 microglobulin, lysozyme, peptide hormones). These proteins are normally taken up by the ... A Brent Alper, Jr, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, ... F John Gennari, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians-American ... and immunoglobulin light chains, are increased in chronic tubulointerstitial nephritides. Beta-2 microglobulinuria has been ...
The gamma chain subunit of Fc receptors is required for alpha-synuclein-induced pro-inflammatory signaling in microglia |...
We also have observed that Fcγ receptors (FcγR), proteins present on the surface of microglia that bind immunoglobulin G (IgG) ... FcγRs mediate this interaction, and in the absence of the gamma chain, there is altered intracellular trafficking and ... The protein alpha-synuclein (α-SYN), which is found in the Lewy bodies of dopamine-producing (DA) neurons in the substantia ... The gamma chain subunit of Fc receptors is required for alpha-synuclein-induced pro-inflammatory signaling in microglia. * ...
Non-B, Non-T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Cat
... cellular origin based on molecular analyses of immunoglobulin and T-cell alpha- and beta-chain receptor gene rearrangements. ... Assessment of immunoglobulin heavy chain, immunoglobulin light chain, and T-cell receptor clonality testing in the diagnosis of ... Assessment of immunoglobulin heavy chain, immunoglobulin light chain, and T-cell receptor clonality testing in the diagnosis of ... cellular origin based on molecular analyses of immunoglobulin and T-cell alpha- and beta-chain receptor gene rearrangements. ...
Green tea extract: A potential cause of acute liver failure
The effect of ageing on human lymphocyte subsets: comparison of males and females | Immunity & Ageing | Full Text
... which help the expression of immunoglobulin heavy chain by binding to the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer. ... CD25hi according to high constitutive surface expression of interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain CD25 on CD4+ T cells [51, 52]. ... CD4/CD8 cell population was gated for analysis of alpha beta TCR/gamma delta TCR cells. For Treg analysis, we gated on the CD4 ... alpha beta T cells and for effector memory cells. This observation of gender differences in ageing in the immune system is not ...
Simian b2M(Beta-2-Microglobulin) ELISA Kit - Mid-Atlantic Region ACPE, Inc.
Beta-2-Microglobulin associates with the alpha-3 subdomain of the alpha- heavy chain and forms an immunoglobulin domain-like ... MHC class 1 molecules consist of an alpha- heavy chain that contains three subdomains (alpha-1, alpha-2, alpha-3) and a non- ... MHC class 1 molecules consist of an alpha- heavy chain that contains three subdomains (alpha-1, alpha-2, alpha-3) and a non- ... MHC class 1 molecules consist of an alpha- heavy chain that contains three subdomains (alpha-1, alpha-2, alpha-3) and a non- ...
Pesquisa | Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BRASIL
... and complement activation were downregulated in MGD including Ig alpha-1 chain C region, immunoglobulin J chain, immunoglobulin ... The changes in cystatin-SN and immunoglobulin chains are likely to result from the inflammatory changes related to tear film ... Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Is Associated with Low Levels of Immunoglobulin Chains and Cystatin-SN. ... Eighteen immunoglobulin components involved in B cell activation, phagocytosis, ...
Antibody - Wikipedia
Light chain types[edit]. Further information: Immunoglobulin light chain. In mammals there are two types of immunoglobulin ... while the suffix denotes the type of heavy chain the antibody contains: the heavy chain types α (alpha), γ (gamma), δ (delta), ... Simplified overview of V(D)J recombination of immunoglobulin heavy chains. Somatic recombination of immunoglobulins, also known ... two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains connected by disulfide bonds.[8] Each chain is a series of domains: ...
Both rare and common genetic variants contribute to autism in the Faroe Islands | npj Genomic Medicine
Fibrinogen, alpha/beta/gamma chain, C-terminal globular domain, AAA ATPases associated domains ... IgD immunoglobulin domain, TIL Trypsin Inhibitor-like, FA5/8 C Coagulation factor 5/8 type C domain, LamG Laminin G domain, EGF ... Knockdown of gamma-RIMs (RIMS3 and RIMS4) attenuated glutamate release to a lesser extent than that of alpha-RIMs (RIMS1 and ... Mutations in the human alpha-tectorin gene cause autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing impairment. Nat. Genet. 19, 60-62 ( ...
Recombinant Mouse Immunoglobulin J chain (Jchain) - Cusabio
Purchase Recombinant Mouse Immunoglobulin J chain (Jchain). It is produced in E.coli. High purity. Good price. ... Moreover, it also helps to bind these immunoglobulins to secretory component. The diseases involved JCHAIN include Alpha Chain ... Recombinant Mouse Immunoglobulin J chain (Jchain) ( Yeast-CSB-YP011337MO ). *Recombinant Mouse Immunoglobulin J chain (Jchain ... Immunoglobulin J chain is a protein encoding by a gene named Jchain in mouse and a gene named JCHAIN in human. This protein is ...
ProteinsMoleculeAntigenAntibodyAntibodiesGammaMoleculesSuperfamilyReceptorGenesProteinSerumOverproductionGeneHomologyLambdaAmino AcidsAmyloidSomaticFragmentAcidsGlycoproteinIsotypeHeterodimerPolymeraseContrastEpsilonMolecularEncodesClinicalDisulfideLight chainTumourConstant regionReporterDISORDERSUrinePolyclonalBetaHeavy-Chain DPlasma cellsMembraneFoundElectrophoresisDisease
Proteins4
- Applying a similar proteomic approach in cattle exposed to the stress of weaning, transportation and castration revealed expression changes in proteins implicated in the acute phase response ([alpha]-1-antichymotrypsin, [alpha]-2-HS-glycoprotein) and the regulation of oxidative stress (annexin A1, isocitrate dehydrogenase, albumin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, heme-binding protein 1 and OBP). (uoguelph.ca)
- In most plasma cell disorders, M-proteins (monoclonal immunoglobulin protein) are structurally similar to normal antibody molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
- In contrast to other proteins in serum, which are typically of a single type, antibodies (immunoglobulins) must differ from each other to be able to recognise bacteria, viruses and other 'foreign' substances. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
- The M proteins most frequently found are the immunoglobulin A (IgA)-gamma and immunoglobulin G (IgG)-gamma light chains. (medscape.com)
Molecule7
- HCDs characteristically involve production of a mutated immunoglobulin heavy chain that is incapable of either partnering with light chains to form a complete immunoglobulin molecule or being eliminated via proteasomal degradation. (medscape.com)
- B cell proliferative disorders that are characterized by an anomalous serum, and sometimes urinary, protein (from free light chain) that is immunochemically related to the Fc fragment of the immunoglobulin molecule are known as HCDs. (medscape.com)
- When the anomalous protein structurally resembles the heavy chain fragment of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) molecule, it is designated as mu-HCD. (medscape.com)
- The class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DQA) and a beta chain (DQB), both anchored in the membrane. (nih.gov)
- Within the DQ molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to four different molecules. (nih.gov)
- Secretory components expressed on the basolateral surface of mucosal epithelial cells bind the IgA complex through the J chain and transport the molecule to the apical cell membrane ( Woof and Kerr, 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)
- there are five mu chains in each IgM molecule. (maxanim.com)
Antigen5
- In the recognition phase of humoral immunity, the membrane-bound immunoglobulins serve as receptors which, upon binding of a specific antigen, trigger the clonal expansion and differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulins-secreting plasma cells. (nih.gov)
- The antigen binding site is formed by the variable domain of one heavy chain, together with that of its associated light chain. (nih.gov)
- Thus, each immunoglobulin has two antigen binding sites with remarkable affinity for a particular antigen. (nih.gov)
- When lymphoid leukemia is suspected in cats, the diagnostic process often involves peripheral blood assessment, including complete blood count (CBC) with differential count, flow cytometry (FC) analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR). (e-jvc.org)
- During normal B-cell and T-cell development and maturation, the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-and light-chain (Kappa and Lambda) genes or the T-cell receptor (TCR), alpha and beta genes or gamma and delta genes, respectively, undergo a series of rearrangements to produce a unique antigen receptor with specificity to a discrete antigen. (cellnetix.com)
Antibody6
- Intranasal vaccination is an attractive strategy for preventing COVID-19 disease as it stimulates the production of multimeric secretory immunoglobulin A (IgAs), the predominant antibody isotype in the mucosal immune system, at the target site of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry. (elifesciences.org)
- For example in multiple myeloma (a cancer of certain types of white blood cells called plasma cells), the uncontrolled growth and division of a malignant plasma cell leads to the production of large amounts of a single type of immunoglobulin ( antibody ). (labtestsonline.org.uk)
- Anti Human IgA Antibody (Alpha Chain Specific) Conjugated to HRP is a highly pure affinity-purified polyclonal antibody specific to human IgA alpha chains and conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). (moleculardepot.com)
- The RPA-T8 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to CD8 alpha (CD8α). (bdbiosciences.com)
- To produce a diverse antibody repertoire, immunoglobulin heavy-chain (Igh) loci undergo large-scale alterations in structure to facilitate juxtaposition and recombination of spatially separated variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes. (babraham.ac.uk)
- Generation of the primary antibody repertoire requires V(D)J recombination of hundreds of gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) locus. (babraham.ac.uk)
Antibodies3
- Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are membrane-bound or secreted glycoproteins produced by B lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
- and the DNA modifying enzyme activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID), which is needed for immunoglobulin class-switching and somatic hypermutation, a phenomenon that is required for the production of high affinity antibodies. (medilib.ir)
- Heavy chain diseases are rare disorders in which there is an overproduction of abnormal immunoglobulin heavy chains, which are components of antibodies. (dailycatchers.com)
Gamma10
- Heavy chain diseases (HCDs) are rare variants of B-cell lymphomas that produce one of three classes of immunoglobulin heavy chains: alpha, gamma, or mu. (medscape.com)
- other heavy chain diseases are described elsewhere (see Gamma Heavy Chain Disease ). (medscape.com)
- 3. Gamma-heavy chain deposition disease showing nodular glomerulosclerosis. (nih.gov)
- 14. Gamma 1-heavy chain deposition disease accompanied by IgG kappa in serum, urine, and bone marrow. (nih.gov)
- 18. Pseudo-gamma heavy chain (IgG4 lambda) deposition disease. (nih.gov)
- often, there are increased alpha-2 and beta fractions or a decreased gamma fraction. (msdmanuals.com)
- Mutual homology of mouse immunoglobulin .gamma. (wikidata.org)
- There are three types of heavy chain diseases: alpha, gamma, and mu. (dailycatchers.com)
- Alpha and gamma heavy chain diseases are associated with plasma cell disorders, while mu heavy chain disease is not. (dailycatchers.com)
- There are five types of heavy chains: alpha, delta, epsilon, gamma and mu, all consisting of a variable domain (VH) and three (in alpha, delta and gamma) or four (in epsilon and mu) constant domains (CH1 to CH4). (embl.de)
Molecules4
- Normal immunoglobulin molecules are symmetrical and consist of 2 pairs of polypeptide chains, designated the light and heavy chains, which are interconnected by disulfide bonds (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- CD8 alpha chains bind to class-I MHC molecules alpha-3 domains. (whispermovie.com)
- The basic structure of immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules is a tetramer of two light chains and two heavy chains linked by disulphide bonds. (embl.de)
- This entry represents a subtype of the immunoglobulin domain, and is found in a diverse range of protein families that includes glycoproteins, fibroblast growth factor receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, interleukin-6 receptor, and neural cell adhesion molecules. (embl.de)
Superfamily2
- CD8α is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. (bdbiosciences.com)
- Description: CD90 is a 25-35 kD immunoglobulin superfamily member, also known as Thy-1. (pcr-pcr.com)
Receptor2
- Statistically significant associations were found between rs2494262 and rs2427824 of the FCER1A gene, which encodes the alpha chain of the high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor, and glioma risk (nominal trend p values 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). (nih.gov)
- We cloned a synthetic pig high affinity IgE receptor alpha chain (Ss-FCER1A) into a plasmid vector (pcDNA5). (tropentag.de)
Genes3
- Somatic rearrangements forming active immunoglobulin mu genes in B and T lymphoid cell lines. (wikidata.org)
- Two types of somatic recombination are necessary for the generation of complete immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes. (wikidata.org)
- All three immunoglobulin loci also participate in a highly specific, developmentally regulated network of interchromosomal interactions with genes encoding B cell-lineage factors. (babraham.ac.uk)
Protein10
- Additionally, this abnormal CH1 domain is unable to bind to the heat-shock protein 78 (hsp78), which would otherwise promote proteosomal degradation of the aberrant, unbound heavy chain. (medscape.com)
- 15. Articular, monoclonal gamma3 heavy-chain deposition disease: characterization of a partially deleted heavy-chain gene and its protein product synthesized in vivo and in vitro. (nih.gov)
- Immunoglobulin amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis, where the culprit amyloidogenic protein is immunoglobulin light chains produced by marrow clonal plasma cells. (karger.com)
- Immunoglobulin-like domains that are related in both sequence and structure can be found in several diverse protein families. (embl.de)
- Whey protein is a great source of branched chain amino acids for muscle support, precursors for glutathione production as well as alpha-lactalbumin and immunoglobulins for immune system support. (advancedtherapeuticmedicinals.com)
- Alpha-amylase was 254 U/L, lipase 84 U/L, sodium 131 mmol/L, and fibrinogen 4.4 g/L. C-reactive protein and all other routine laboratory parameters were normal. (cdc.gov)
- The B1 domain of streptococcal protein G interacts with the C-terminal fragment of the heavy chain of immunoglobulin G (IgGFc). (nih.gov)
- NMR study of the interaction between the B domain of staphylococcal protein A and the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G. (nih.gov)
- [ 5 ] serum electrophoresis demonstrated an M-band with isolated IgA heavy chain but no abnormal light chain, which could suggest abnormal secretion of monoclonal protein or the rare possibility of coincidental heavy-chain disease in association with POEMS syndrome. (medscape.com)
- Made from the finest premium grade Beef Protein Isolate, Beef Albumin, Argentinian Desiccated Beef Liver and Beef Immunoglobulin, each ultra-concentrated tablet provides a full spectrum of essential amino acids including high levels of Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) and bio-active growth factors. (tigerfitness.com)
Serum3
- Their defining feature is the presence of an abnormal heavy chain in the serum and/or urine without an associated light chain. (medscape.com)
- The heavy chain thus bypasses elimination and is secreted into the serum, where it can be detected. (medscape.com)
- If this monoclonal alpha chain cannot be found in serum or urine, intestinal biopsy is required. (msdmanuals.com)
Overproduction1
- Heavy chain diseases are neoplastic plasma cell disorders characterized by overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chains. (msdmanuals.com)
Gene6
- This gene encodes the CD8 alpha chain isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
- An immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene is generated from three segments of DNA: VH, D and JH. (wikidata.org)
- Mouse Cmu heavy chain immunoglobulin gene segment contains three intervening sequences separating domains. (wikidata.org)
- Complete nucleotide sequence of immunoglobulin gamma2b chain gene cloned from newborn nouse DNA. (wikidata.org)
- This pathway relies on IKK- mediated IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation on Ser32 and 36, leading to its degradation, which allows the p50/p65 NF-kappa B dimer to enter the nucleus and activate gene transcription. (uni-freiburg.de)
- IL-4 partially inhibited both the LPS-induced expression of kappa light chain and also the activation of NF kappa B as judged by an NF kappa B reporter gene assay. (ox.ac.uk)
Homology1
- Both alpha and beta chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. (wikipedia.org)
Lambda2
- It is characterized by a clonal expansion of marrow plasma cells which produce kappa or lambda light chains (LCs), which upon accumulation aggregate and misfold in the form of amyloid. (karger.com)
- There are two types of light chains: kappa and lambda, each composed of a constant domain (CL) and a variable domain (VL). (embl.de)
Amino Acids1
- Plus, the addition of creatine helps increase muscle size and strength, while added Branched Chain Keto Acids (BCKAs) help you recycle these concentrated amino acids for enhanced nitrogen retention. (tigerfitness.com)
Amyloid2
- This review will focus on systemic immunoglobulin amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. (karger.com)
- For AA amyloidosis, chlorambucil and inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha for inflammatory arthritis may induce regression of amyloid deposits. (surgpath4u.com)
Somatic1
- In mu-HCD the altered heavy chains contain deletions, insertions, and point mutations that are acquired during the process of somatic hypermutation. (medscape.com)
Fragment1
- The class of heavy chains found in IMMUNOGLOBULIN A . They have a molecular weight of approximately 58 kDa and contain about 470 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component bound covalently to their Fc fragment constant region. (nih.gov)
Acids1
- Molecular cloning of mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain messenger ribonucleic acids coding for .mu. (wikidata.org)
Glycoprotein1
- Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) mediates skin repair and fibrosis by stimulating the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
Isotype2
- Clinical manifestations vary based on the heavy chain isotype involved, and range from an asymptomatic presentation to aggressive lymphoma. (medscape.com)
- The isotype of the mutated immunoglobulin heavy chain (α, γ, or µ) determines the HCD subtype. (medscape.com)
Heterodimer2
- The functional coreceptor is either a homodimer composed of two alpha chains, or a heterodimer composed of one alpha and one beta chain. (wikipedia.org)
- Cell surface CD8α is expressed either as a disulfide-linked homodimer (CD8αα) or as a heterodimer (CD8αβ) when disulfide-bonded to a CD8 beta chain (CD8β). (bdbiosciences.com)
Polymerase4
- Tests of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus, and human herpesvirus 6 were negative. (cdc.gov)
- This study aimed to analyse the factors associated with negative conversion of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and prognosis in critically ill patients according to the SARS-CoV-2 variant. (e-trd.org)
- According to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, a positive result of real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays of nasal and pharyngeal swabs plays a key role in diagnosis [ 5 ]. (e-trd.org)
- In clinical practice, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are repeated during treatment, and a series of PCR results are obtained according to the course of treatment. (e-trd.org)
Contrast1
- In contrast, in heavy chain diseases, incomplete monoclonal immunoglobulins (true paraproteins) are produced. (msdmanuals.com)
Epsilon1
- Epsilon ( ε ) heavy chain disease has not been described. (msdmanuals.com)
Molecular2
- Clase de cadenas pesadas de la INMUNOGLOBULINA A. Tienen un peso molecular de aproximadamente 58 kDa y contienen aproximadamente 470 residuos de aminoácidos en cuatro dominios y un componente oligosacárido unido covalentemente a la región constante de su fragmento Fc. (bvsalud.org)
- The intestinal mucus layer is principally comprised of a subset of high molecular weight glycoproteins called mucins, which play a crucial role in physical protection as well as in regulating the concentration and passage of water, ions, and other immune mediators such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and immunoglobulin-A (IgA) within the gut ( 2 , 3 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Encodes1
- Alternatively spliced mRNA encodes a secreted form of human CD8 alpha. (wikipedia.org)
Clinical3
- The heavy chain diseases: clinical and pathologic features. (medscape.com)
- 6. Unravelling the immunopathological mechanisms of heavy chain deposition disease with implications for clinical management. (nih.gov)
- Heavy chain diseases are considered in patients with clinical manifestations suggesting lymphoproliferative disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
Disulfide2
- All of the five most C-terminal cysteines form inter-chain disulfide bonds in dimers and higher multimers, while the four N-terminal cysteines do not. (arigobio.com)
- IgM heavy chain is purified by reducing the disulfide bond connecting it to the IgM. (maxanim.com)
Light chain5
- These alterations typically result in loss of a large portion of the constant-1 (CH1) domain of the heavy chain, which is responsible for light chain binding. (medscape.com)
- Interleukin-4 inhibits kappa light chain expression and NF kappa B activation but not I kappa B alpha degradation in 70Z/3 murine pre-B cells. (ox.ac.uk)
- The murine pre-B cell line 70Z/3 responds to lipopolysaccharide by up-regulating the surface expression of kappa (kappa) light chain through activation of the transcription factor NF kappa B. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), a T cell cytokine, is a known inhibitor of some LPS-mediated events. (ox.ac.uk)
- We investigated whether IL-4 could inhibit the up-regulation of kappa light chain and activation of NF kappa B by LPS in 70Z/3. (ox.ac.uk)
- dynein light chain Tctex-type 3 [So. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Tumour1
- The canonical pathway is induced by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) or byproducts of bacterial and viral infections. (uni-freiburg.de)
Constant region1
- From UniProtKB: Constant region of immunoglobulin heavy chains. (nih.gov)
Reporter1
- This study aims to assess suitability of detecting parasite-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) using IgE based reporter cell lines. (tropentag.de)
DISORDERS1
- Heavy chain diseases are plasma cell disorders that are typically malignant. (msdmanuals.com)
Urine1
- This chain is sometimes found in concentrated urine. (msdmanuals.com)
Polyclonal1
- The aim of this study was to investigate the association between short- to long-term AP exposure and polyclonal free light chains (FLC) produced by plasma cells. (nih.gov)
Beta2
- Surprisingly, proteolytic degradation of I kappa B alpha (MAD3), a prerequisite for NF kappa B activation, was unaffected by IL-4, implying that this cytokine inhibits some subsequent undefined event in the activation of NF kappa B. IL-4 was also found partially to inhibit NF kappa B activity induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta). (ox.ac.uk)
- The major interaction site on the B1 domain comprises parts of beta-strand 3 as well as the alpha-helix. (nih.gov)
Heavy-Chain D2
- IgA heavy chain disease is the most common heavy chain disease and is sometimes called Mediterranean lymphoma (immunoproliferative small intestinal disease). (msdmanuals.com)
- IgA heavy chain disease usually appears between ages 10 and 30 years and is geographically concentrated in the Middle East. (msdmanuals.com)
Plasma cells2
- S-IgA is composed of two IgA units and one J chain, which are synthesized and assembled in local plasma cells. (elifesciences.org)
- Multiple Myeloma Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin and invade and destroy adjacent bone tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
Membrane2
- Immunoglobulin (Ig) was not detected in two cases and IgG was expressed in the cell membrane of 73% of cases. (ashpublications.org)
- 127002 IgD was first identified in 1965, and like other immunoglobulins, exists as both secreted and membrane forms. (maxanim.com)
Found2
- 101002 IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in plasma, found at a concentration of 8 to 18 mg/ml. (maxanim.com)
- 104002 IgE is the least abundant immunoglobulin in plasma, found at a concentration of less that 0.6 micrograms/ml of normal plasma. (maxanim.com)
Electrophoresis1
- Diagnosis requires the detection of a monoclonal alpha chain on immunofixation electrophoresis. (msdmanuals.com)
Disease11
- 4. Monoclonal heavy chain (immunoglobulin G3) deposition disease: report of a case. (nih.gov)
- 5. A case of renal γ2 heavy-chain deposition disease accompanied by rapid progressive renal failure. (nih.gov)
- 8. Heavy Chain Deposition Disease: Clinicopathologic Characteristics of a Chinese Case Series. (nih.gov)
- 9. A case of γ1-heavy chain deposition disease successfully treated with melphalan and prednisolone therapy. (nih.gov)
- 10. Immunoglobulin gamma3-heavy-chain deposition disease: report of a case and relationship with hypocomplementemia. (nih.gov)
- 11. Heavy chain deposition disease: recurrence in a renal transplant and report of IgG(2) subtype. (nih.gov)
- 12. A unique case of γ-heavy chain deposition disease characterized by concomitant deposition of γ2 and γ4 subclasses. (nih.gov)
- 13. Long-term renal survival of γ3-heavy chain deposition disease: a case report. (nih.gov)
- 16. A mouse model recapitulating human monoclonal heavy chain deposition disease evidences the relevance of proteasome inhibitor therapy. (nih.gov)
- 17. Heavy chain deposition disease: the disease spectrum. (nih.gov)
- 19. [Heavy chain deposition disease: report of a case and review of the literature]. (nih.gov)