Immunity innate. Medical search

Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances.

The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

Protection from an infectious disease agent that is mediated by B- and T- LYMPHOCYTES following exposure to specific antigen, and characterized by IMMUNOLOGIC MEMORY. It can result from either previous infection with that agent or vaccination (IMMUNITY, ACTIVE), or transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from an immune donor (IMMUNIZATION, PASSIVE).

Nonsusceptibility to the pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or antigenic substances as a result of antibody secretions of the mucous membranes. Mucosal epithelia in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts produce a form of IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) that serves to protect these ports of entry into the body.

Antibody-mediated immune response. Humoral immunity is brought about by ANTIBODY FORMATION, resulting from TH2 CELLS activating B-LYMPHOCYTES, followed by COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION.

The inherent or induced capacity of plants to withstand or ward off biological attack by pathogens.

Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk.

The non-susceptibility to infection of a large group of individuals in a population. A variety of factors can be responsible for herd immunity and this gives rise to the different definitions used in the literature. Most commonly, herd immunity refers to the case when, if most of the population is immune, infection of a single individual will not cause an epidemic. Also, in such immunized populations, susceptible individuals are not likely to become infected. Herd immunity can also refer to the case when unprotected individuals fail to contract a disease because the infecting organism has been banished from the population.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

An increased reactivity to specific antigens mediated not by antibodies but by cells.

Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.

The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

A large family of cell surface receptors that bind conserved molecular structures (PAMPS) present in pathogens. They play important roles in host defense by mediating cellular responses to pathogens.

Live vaccines prepared from microorganisms which have undergone physical adaptation (e.g., by radiation or temperature conditioning) or serial passage in laboratory animal hosts or infected tissue/cell cultures, in order to produce avirulent mutant strains capable of inducing protective immunity.

A family of pattern recognition receptors characterized by an extracellular leucine-rich domain and a cytoplasmic domain that share homology with the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR and the DROSOPHILA toll protein. Following pathogen recognition, toll-like receptors recruit and activate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS.

Any immunization following a primary immunization and involving exposure to the same or a closely related antigen.

Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of immune system, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electrical equipment.

Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-12 is a 70 kDa protein that is composed of covalently linked 40 kDa and 35 kDa subunits. It is produced by DENDRITIC CELLS; MACROPHAGES and a variety of other immune cells and plays a role in the stimulation of INTERFERON-GAMMA production by T-LYMPHOCYTES and NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.

The body's defense mechanism against foreign organisms or substances and deviant native cells. It includes the humoral immune response and the cell-mediated response and consists of a complex of interrelated cellular, molecular, and genetic components.

Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Infections with bacteria of the genus LISTERIA.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Substances elaborated by specific strains of bacteria that are lethal against other strains of the same or related species. They are protein or lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes used in taxonomy studies of bacteria.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

A classification of T-lymphocytes, especially into helper/inducer, suppressor/effector, and cytotoxic subsets, based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. This is performed by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Some antigens require processing before they can be recognized. Antigen processing consists of ingestion and partial digestion of the antigen by the APC, followed by presentation of fragments on the cell surface. (From Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.

A general term for diseases produced by viruses.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Experimentally induced tumor that produces MELANIN in animals to provide a model for studying human MELANOMA.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed protozoa administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious protozoan disease.

A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion.

Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are transferred to non-immune recipients. When transfer of cells is used as a therapy for the treatment of neoplasms, it is called adoptive immunotherapy (IMMUNOTHERAPY, ADOPTIVE).

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

Protection conferred on a host by inoculation with one strain or component of a microorganism that prevents infection when later challenged with a similar strain. Most commonly the microorganism is a virus.

The principle immunoglobulin in exocrine secretions such as milk, respiratory and intestinal mucin, saliva and tears. The complete molecule (around 400 kD) is composed of two four-chain units of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, one SECRETORY COMPONENT and one J chain (IMMUNOGLOBULIN J-CHAINS).

A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES. Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms.

CD4-positive T cells that inhibit immunopathology or autoimmune disease in vivo. They inhibit the immune response by influencing the activity of other cell types. Regulatory T-cells include naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ cells, IL-10 secreting Tr1 cells, and Th3 cells.

Form of adoptive transfer where cells with antitumor activity are transferred to the tumor-bearing host in order to mediate tumor regression. The lymphoid cells commonly used are lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). This is usually considered a form of passive immunotherapy. (From DeVita, et al., Cancer, 1993, pp.305-7, 314)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Bacteriocins elaborated by strains of Escherichia coli and related species. They are proteins or protein-lipopolysaccharide complexes lethal to other strains of the same species.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Vaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from microorganisms or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or they can be chemically synthesized peptides.

Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.

Subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes that cooperate with other lymphocytes (either T or B) to initiate a variety of immune functions. For example, helper-inducer T-cells cooperate with B-cells to produce antibodies to thymus-dependent antigens and with other subpopulations of T-cells to initiate a variety of cell-mediated immune functions.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Vaccines used to prevent infection by viruses in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. It includes both killed and attenuated vaccines. The composition of the vaccines is changed each year in response to antigenic shifts and changes in prevalence of influenza virus strains. The vaccine is usually bivalent or trivalent, containing one or two INFLUENZAVIRUS A strains and one INFLUENZAVIRUS B strain.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.

A species of gram-negative, fluorescent, phytopathogenic bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. It is differentiated into approximately 50 pathovars with different plant pathogenicities and host specificities.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins.

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

Methods used by pathogenic organisms to evade a host's immune system.

An active immunizing agent and a viable avirulent attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. bovis, which confers immunity to mycobacterial infections. It is used also in immunotherapy of neoplasms due to its stimulation of antibodies and non-specific immunity.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

Vaccines made from antigens arising from any of the four strains of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans, or from P. berghei which causes malaria in rodents.

A soluble factor produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that induces the expression of MHC CLASS II GENES and FC RECEPTORS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and causes their proliferation and differentiation. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, MAST CELLS, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells.

A cytokine produced by a variety of cell types, including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; DENDRITIC CELLS; and EPITHELIAL CELLS that exerts a variety of effects on immunoregulation and INFLAMMATION. Interleukin-10 combines with itself to form a homodimeric molecule that is the biologically active form of the protein.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. Some vaccines containing antigens are recombinantly produced.

The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.

A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.

A pattern recognition receptor that interacts with LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 96 and LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES. It mediates cellular responses to GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA.

A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.

The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.

Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

The demonstration of the cytotoxic effect on a target cell of a lymphocyte, a mediator released by a sensitized lymphocyte, an antibody, or complement.

A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Immunosuppression by reduction of circulating lymphocytes or by T-cell depletion of bone marrow. The former may be accomplished in vivo by thoracic duct drainage or administration of antilymphocyte serum. The latter is performed ex vivo on bone marrow before its transplantation.

An intracellular signaling adaptor protein that plays a role in TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR and INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTORS signal transduction. It forms a signaling complex with the activated cell surface receptors and members of the IRAK KINASES.

A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Active immunization where vaccine is administered for therapeutic or preventive purposes. This can include administration of immunopotentiating agents such as BCG vaccine and Corynebacterium parvum as well as biological response modifiers such as interferons, interleukins, and colony-stimulating factors in order to directly stimulate the immune system.

Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.

Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. They are characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the inability to replicate outside living host cells.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

Diseases of plants.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

An EPITHELIUM with MUCUS-secreting cells, such as GOBLET CELLS. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the DIGESTIVE TRACT, the RESPIRATORY TRACT, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS that separates the mucosa from submucosa.

A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.

An acute, highly contagious, often fatal infectious disease caused by an orthopoxvirus characterized by a biphasic febrile course and distinctive progressive skin eruptions. Vaccination has succeeded in eradicating smallpox worldwide. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

A pattern recognition receptor that forms heterodimers with other TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS. It interacts with multiple ligands including PEPTIDOGLYCAN, bacterial LIPOPROTEINS, lipoarabinomannan, and a variety of PORINS.

Deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response. It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A proinflammatory cytokine produced primarily by T-LYMPHOCYTES or their precursors. Several subtypes of interleukin-17 have been identified, each of which is a product of a unique gene.

The bovine variety of the tubercle bacillus. It is called also Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.

A species of PLASMODIUM causing malaria in rodents.

Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. They are used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of ulcerative stomatitis, leukorrhea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, metritis, and minor wounds.

A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed fungi administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious fungal disease.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

Specialized tissues that are components of the lymphatic system. They provide fixed locations within the body where a variety of LYMPHOCYTES can form, mature and multiply. The lymphoid tissues are connected by a network of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.

Process whereby the immune system reacts against the body's own tissues. Autoimmunity may produce or be caused by AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CD28 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD80 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a costimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

A genus of protozoan parasites of the subclass COCCIDIA. Various species are parasitic in the epithelial cells of the liver and intestines of man and other animals.

Class I-restricted activation of CD8-POSITIVE LYMPHOCYTES resulting from ANTIGEN PRESENTATION of exogenous ANTIGENS (cross-presentation). This is in contrast to normal activation of these lymphocytes (direct-priming) which results from presentation of endogenous antigens.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to HELMINTH ANTIGENS.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

A class of animal lectins that bind to carbohydrate in a calcium-dependent manner. They share a common carbohydrate-binding domain that is structurally distinct from other classes of lectins.

Epicutaneous or intradermal application of a sensitizer for demonstration of either delayed or immediate hypersensitivity. Used in diagnosis of hypersensitivity or as a test for cellular immunity.

Alteration of the immune system or of an immune response by agents that activate or suppress its function. This can include IMMUNIZATION or administration of immunomodulatory drugs. Immunomodulation can also encompass non-therapeutic alteration of the immune system effected by endogenous or exogenous substances.

A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles dureni.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

The forcing into the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle, piercing the top skin layer.

DEFENSINS found mainly in epithelial cells.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Proteins found in any species of protozoan.

Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.

Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.

The type species of the genus INFLUENZAVIRUS A that causes influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. Antigenic variation occurs frequently between strains, allowing classification into subtypes and variants. Transmission is usually by aerosol (human and most non-aquatic hosts) or waterborne (ducks). Infected birds shed the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces.

Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Species of CHLAMYDIA causing pneumonitis in mice and hamsters. These isolates formerly belonged to CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.

Infections with nematodes of the order STRONGYLIDA.

A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS) of the Old World. Transmission is by Phlebotomus sandflies.

A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.

Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

Biologically active substances whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system.

A live VACCINIA VIRUS vaccine of calf lymph or chick embryo origin, used for immunization against smallpox. It is now recommended only for laboratory workers exposed to smallpox virus. Certain countries continue to vaccinate those in the military service. Complications that result from smallpox vaccination include vaccinia, secondary bacterial infections, and encephalomyelitis. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The ability of lymphoid cells to mount a humoral or cellular immune response when challenged by antigen.

The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A pattern recognition receptor that binds unmethylated CPG CLUSTERS. It mediates cellular responses to bacterial pathogens by distinguishing between self and bacterial DNA.

The ability of tumors to evade destruction by the IMMUNE SYSTEM. Theories concerning possible mechanisms by which this takes place involve both cellular immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and humoral immunity (ANTIBODY FORMATION), and also costimulatory pathways related to CD28 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD28) and CD80 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD80).

A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.

Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.

A suspension of killed Bordetella pertussis organisms, used for immunization against pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH). It is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP). There is an acellular pertussis vaccine prepared from the purified antigenic components of Bordetella pertussis, which causes fewer adverse reactions than whole-cell vaccine and, like the whole-cell vaccine, is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Subset of helper-effector T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete IL-17, IL-17F, and IL-22. These cytokines are involved in host defenses and tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases.

Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with specificity for CD40 LIGAND. It is found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES and some EPITHELIAL CELLS, lymphoid DENDRITIC CELLS. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centers. Mutations of the gene for CD40 antigen result in HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 3. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

The number of LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD.

Gene silencing: plants and viruses fight it out. (1/11788)

Plants can become 'immune' to attack by viruses by degrading specific viral RNA, but some plant viruses have evolved the general capacity to suppress this resistance mechanism. (+info)

Constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling confers resistance to apoptosis in human U266 myeloma cells. (2/11788)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is the major survival factor for myeloma tumor cells and induces signaling through the STAT proteins. We report that one STAT family member, Stat3, is constitutively activated in bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients with multiple myeloma and in the IL-6-dependent human myeloma cell line U266. Moreover, U266 cells are inherently resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis and express high levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Blocking IL-6 receptor signaling from Janus kinases to the Stat3 protein inhibits Bcl-xL expression and induces apoptosis, demonstrating that Stat3 signaling is essential for the survival of myeloma tumor cells. These findings provide evidence that constitutively activated Stat3 signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma by preventing apoptosis. (+info)

Rapid autologous marrow recovery and eradication of infectious mononucleosis despite severe immunosuppression following second transplantation for aplastic anemia. (3/11788)

A patient with aplastic anemia failed to respond to immunosuppressive therapy and first marrow transplantation (BMT). Recovery of autologous hematopoiesis was rapid following a second stem cell transplant with a non-myeloablative preparatory regimen. The autologous immune response to infectious mononucleosis (IM) 4 weeks post-transplant was normal despite recent and ongoing severe immunosuppression. (+info)

Innate and acquired humoral immunities to influenza virus are mediated by distinct arms of the immune system. (4/11788)

"Natural" Igs, mainly IgM, comprise part of the innate immune system present in healthy individuals, including antigen-free mice. These Igs are thought to delay pathogenicity of infecting agents until antigen-induced high affinity Igs of all isotypes are produced. Previous studies suggested that the acquired humoral response arises directly from the innate response, i.e., that B cells expressing natural IgM, upon antigen encounter, differentiate to give rise both to cells that secrete high amounts of IgM and to cells that undergo affinity maturation and isotype switching. However, by using a murine model of influenza virus infection, we demonstrate here that the B cells that produce natural antiviral IgM neither increase their IgM production nor undergo isotype switching to IgG2a in response to the infection. These cells are distinct from the B cells that produce the antiviral response after encounter with the pathogen. Our data therefore demonstrate that the innate and the acquired humoral immunities to influenza virus are separate effector arms of the immune system and that antigen exposure per se is not sufficient to increase natural antibody production. (+info)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene disruption conferred mice resistant to streptozotocin-induced diabetes. (5/11788)

Streptozotocin (STZ), a glucose analogue known to induce diabetes in experimental animals, causes DNA strand breaks and subsequent activation of poly(ADPribose) polymerase (Parp). Because Parp uses NAD as a substrate, extensive DNA damage will result in reduction of cellular NAD level. In fact, STZ induces NAD depletion and cell death in isolated pancreatic islets in vitro. Activation of Parp therefore is thought to play an important role in STZ-induced diabetes. In the present study, we established Parp-deficient (Parp-/-) mice by disrupting Parp exon 1 by using the homologous recombination technique. These mice were used to examine the possible involvement of Parp in STZ-induced beta-cell damage in vivo. The wild-type (Parp+/+) mice showed significant increases in blood glucose concentration from 129 mg/dl to 218, 370, 477, and 452 mg/dl on experimental days 1, 7, 21, and 60, respectively, after a single injection of 180 mg STZ/kg body weight. In contrast, the concentration of blood glucose in Parp-/- mice remained normal up to day 7, slightly increased on day 21, but returned to normal levels on day 60. STZ injection caused extensive necrosis in the islets of Parp+/+ mice on day 1, with subsequent progressive islet atrophy and loss of functional beta cells from day 7. In contrast, the extent of islet beta-cell death and dysfunction was markedly less in Parp-/- mice. Our findings clearly implicate Parp activation in islet beta-cell damage and glucose intolerance induced by STZ in vivo. (+info)

Identification of regions in alleles of the flax rust resistance gene L that determine differences in gene-for-gene specificity. (6/11788)

Thirteen alleles (L, L1 to L11, and LH) from the flax L locus, which encode Toll/interleukin-1 receptor homology-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) rust resistance proteins, were sequenced and compared to provide insight into their evolution and into the determinants of gene-for-gene resistance specificity. The predicted L6 and L11 proteins differ solely in the LRR region, whereas L6 and L7 differ solely in the TIR region. Thus, specificity differences between alleles can be determined by both the LRR and TIR regions. Functional analysis in transgenic plants of recombinant alleles constructed in vitro provided further information: L10-L2 and L6-L2 recombinants, encoding the LRR of L2, conferred L2 resistance specificity, and an L2-L10 recombinant, encoding the LRR of L10, conferred a novel specificity. The sequence comparisons also indicate that the evolution of L alleles has probably involved reassortment of variation, resulting from accumulated point mutations, by intragenic recombination. In addition, large deletion events have occurred in the LRR-encoding regions of L1 and L8, and duplication events have occurred in the LRR-encoding region of L2. (+info)

Cyclophilin C-associated protein: a normal secreted glycoprotein that down-modulates endotoxin and proinflammatory responses in vivo. (7/11788)

Mouse cyclophilin C-associated protein (CyCAP) is a member of the scavenger-receptor cysteine-rich domain superfamily and is 69% identical to the human Mac-2 binding protein. Here, we show that CyCAP is a widely expressed secreted glycoprotein that modulates the host response to endotoxin. Gene-targeted CyCAP-deficient mice are more sensitive to the lethal effects of endotoxin. In response to endotoxin, CyCAP-deficient mice overproduced interleukin 12 and interferon-gamma systemically and tumor necrosis factor alpha locally; these are proinflammatory molecules that also promote T helper 1 responses. Furthermore, macrophages stimulated in vitro with endotoxin in serum deficient in CyCAP secreted more tumor necrosis factor alpha, supporting the proposal that CyCAP specifically down-modulates endotoxin signaling. (+info)

Comparative genomics and host resistance against infectious diseases. (8/11788)

The large size and complexity of the human genome have limited the identification and functional characterization of components of the innate immune system that play a critical role in front-line defense against invading microorganisms. However, advances in genome analysis (including the development of comprehensive sets of informative genetic markers, improved physical mapping methods, and novel techniques for transcript identification) have reduced the obstacles to discovery of novel host resistance genes. Study of the genomic organization and content of widely divergent vertebrate species has shown a remarkable degree of evolutionary conservation and enables meaningful cross-species comparison and analysis of newly discovered genes. Application of comparative genomics to host resistance will rapidly expand our understanding of human immune defense by facilitating the translation of knowledge acquired through the study of model organisms. We review the rationale and resources for comparative genomic analysis and describe three examples of host resistance genes successfully identified by this approach. (+info)

Innate Immunity is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering innate immunity in humans, animals, and plants. It is published ... "Innate Immunity". 2012 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2013. Official website ... Innate Immunity Society and the editor-in-chief is Otto Holst (Research Centre Borstel, Germany). The journal was established ... Innate Immunity Society (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Bimonthly journals ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_Immunity_(journal)

"IL-22 increases the innate immunity of tissues". Immunity. 21 (2): 241-54. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2004.07.007. PMID 15308104. ... "The aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates gut immunity through modulation of innate lymphoid cells". Immunity. 36 (1): 92-104. ... Pavlova A, Sharafutdinov I (September 2020). "Recognition of Candida albicans and Role of Innate Type 17 Immunity in Oral ... Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are immune cells from the lymphoid lineage that are part of the innate immune system. These ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_3_innate_lymphoid_cells

"Prostitutes lose HIV immunity". BBC News. 1999. Retrieved 20 January 2015. Ruiz-Mateos E, Tarancon-Diez L, Alvarez-Rios AI, ... A small proportion of humans show partial or apparently complete innate resistance to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The main ... also causes innate resistance to HIV-1. The gene TNP03 was known to be involved into virus transportation into the infected ... Prostitutes lose HIV immunity". 2021-10-03. Archived from the original on 2021-10-03. Retrieved 2022-08-02. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_resistance_to_HIV

Many different cells of the innate immune system express a myriad of CLRs which shape innate immunity by virtue of their ... December 2015). "Targeting Innate Immunity for Antiviral Therapy through Small Molecule Agonists of the RLR Pathway". Journal ... Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002). Innate Immunity. Schroder K, Tschopp J (March 2010). "The ... Dommett RM, Klein N, Turner MW (September 2006). "Mannose-binding lectin in innate immunity: past, present and future". Tissue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_receptor

Chahin AB, Opal JM, Opal SM (November 2018). "Whatever happened to the Shwartzman phenomenon?". Innate Immunity. 24 (8): 466- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shwartzman_phenomenon

Chahin, Abdullah B; Opal, Jason M; Opal, Steven M (2018). "Whatever happened to the Shwartzman phenomenon?". Innate Immunity. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Sanarelli

Innate Immunity. 22 (3): 238-244. doi:10.1177/1753425916632305. PMID 26888964. Shima T, Okumura N, Takao T, Satomi Y, Yagi T, ... Sharma N, Akhade AS, Qadri A (April 2016). "Src kinases central to T-cell receptor signaling regulate TLR-activated innate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FYN

Both innate and adaptive immunity promote efficient recovery from SeV infection. Using the mechanisms outlined below the virus ... SeV can attenuate cell defense mechanisms and allow itself to escape from host innate immunity by inhibiting the interferon ... October 2018). "Sendai virus C protein limits NO production in infected RAW264.7 macrophages". Innate Immunity. 24 (7): 430-438 ... Journal of Innate Immunity. 3 (2): 200-7. doi:10.1159/000321194. PMID 21051868. S2CID 6699971. Johansson E, Domeika K, Berg M, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murine_respirovirus

In addition to natural killer cells being effectors of innate immunity, both activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors play ... so are part of innate immunity, i.e. able to react immediately with no prior exposure to the pathogen. In both mice and humans ... "Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of natural killer cells". Science. 331 (6013): 44-9. Bibcode:2011Sci...331...44V. doi: ... Innate Immunity. 27 (3): 212-229. doi:10.1177/17534259211001512. ISSN 1753-4259. PMC 8054151. PMID 33761782. Vivier E, Raulet ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_killer_cell

Innate Immunity. 22 (3): 238-244. doi:10.1177/1753425916632305. PMID 26888964. Duan H, Jing L, Jiang X, Ma Y, Wang D, Xiang J, ... Sharma N, Akhade AS, Qadri A (April 2016). "Src kinases central to T-cell receptor signaling regulate TLR-activated innate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lck

Innate Immunity. 24 (1): 24-39. doi:10.1177/1753425917740727. PMC 6830765. PMID 29145791. Shityakov S, Förster C (2014-09-02 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_modeling_of_ischemic_stroke

Innate Immunity. 20 (2): 115-125. doi:10.1177/1753425913484374. ISSN 1753-4259. PMID 23676582. S2CID 206787156. Creagh, Emma M ... Caspase-1 therefore plays a fundamental role in the innate immune system. The enzyme is responsible for processing cytokines ... Immunity. 44 (2): 221-231. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.01.020. ISSN 1074-7613. PMID 26885855. Jänicke, Reiner U.; Sohn, Dennis; ... December 2014). "Caspase crosstalk: integration of apoptotic and innate immune signalling pathways". Trends in Immunology. 35 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspase

Innate Immunity. 23 (7): 592-605. doi:10.1177/1753425917727838. PMID 28853313. S2CID 206788250.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ... antigen-presenting cells that serve as a bridge linking the adaptive and innate immune system), can detect mycobacterial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_obuense

Innate immunity, also known as native immunity, is a semi-specific and widely distributed form of immunity. It is defined as ... Innate immunity is present in all metazoans, while adaptive immunity only occurs in vertebrates. The innate component of the ... Antiserum Antivenin Cell-mediated immunity Herd immunity Heterosubtypic immunity Hoskins effect Humoral immunity Immunology ... Active immunity often involves both the cell-mediated and humoral aspects of immunity as well as input from the innate immune ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medical)

... has been proposed to affect innate immunity to viruses by interfering with the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein ... O'Neill LA (Apr 2008). "Innate immunity: squelching anti-viral signalling with NLRX1". Current Biology. 18 (7): R302-4. doi: ... Innate Immunity. 19 (4): 438-48. doi:10.1177/1753425912467383. PMID 23212541. S2CID 20642957. Castaño-Rodríguez N, Kaakoush NO ... NLRX1 also plays a role in host immunity during bacterial infections, such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Helicobacter pylori, by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLRX1

2018). "Enhancement of the antimycobacterial activity of macrophages by ajoene". Innate Immunity. 24 (1): 79-88. doi:10.1177/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajoene

Innate Immunity. 27 (3): 212-229. doi:10.1177/17534259211001512. ISSN 1753-4259. PMC 8054151. PMID 33761782. Peng H, Tian Z ( ... Immunity. 42 (3): 443-56. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.02.008. PMC 4612277. PMID 25786176. Béziat V, Liu LL, Malmberg JA, Ivarsson ... Immunity. 47 (5): 820-833. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.10.008. PMC 5728700. PMID 29166586. Hammer Q, Romagnani C (Nov 30, 2016 ... Immunity. 42 (3): 431-42. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.02.013. PMC 4537797. PMID 25786175. Perera Molligoda Arachchige, Arosh ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_NK_cell

Innate Immunity. 15 (5): 261-312. doi:10.1177/1753425909106436. PMID 19710102. (All articles with dead external links, Articles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_oligosaccharide

Innate Immunity. 25 (1): 34-45. doi:10.1177/1753425918819754. PMC 6830888. PMID 30782041. "Experimental human endotoxemia as a ... Infection and Immunity. 86 (6): e00004-18. doi:10.1128/IAI.00004-18. PMC 5964521. PMID 29581192. "List Biological Laboratories ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_Biological_Laboratories

... and thus innate immunity. Antibodies bind to antigens on the pathogen surface, enabling adaptive immunity. Opsonins that ... Innate Immunity. 16 (3): 191-200. doi:10.1177/1753425910369271. PMID 20529971. S2CID 8344490. Zhang Y, Hoppe AD, Swanson JA ( ... A pivotal role for innate immunity in the clearance of apoptotic cells". European Journal of Immunology. 34 (4): 921-9. doi: ... Opsonins are related to the two types of immune systems: the adaptive immune system and the innate immune system. Antibodies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsonin

Innate Immunity. 7 (1): 63-68. doi:10.1177/09680519010070011101. PMID 11521085. Type strain of Bordetella trematum at BacDive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_trematum

TLR4 is required for activation of innate immunity upon recognition of LPS of Gram-negative bacteria. The ability of TLR4/MD-2 ... Innate Immunity. 15 (5): 261-312. doi:10.1177/1753425909106436. PMID 19710102. S2CID 23755382. Opal, Steven M.; Laterre, Pierre ... and its role in innate immunity". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 29 (4 Pt 2): 474-478. ISSN 0090-9556. PMID 11259335. ... "Modulating the innate immune response by combinatorial engineering of endotoxin". Proceedings of the National Academy of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_A

"Innate immunity in the horseshoe crab". In R. Alan B. Ezekowitz & Jules Hoffmann (eds.). Innate Immunity. Humana Press. pp. 109 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachypleus_gigas

... dual function cytokines mediating antiviral immunity and damage control". Current Opinion in Immunology. Innate immunity. 56: ... Stiff A, Carson W (2015). "Investigations of interferon-lambda for the treatment of cancer". Journal of Innate Immunity. 7 (3 ... Egli A, Santer DM, O'Shea D, Tyrrell DL, Houghton M (July 2014). "The impact of the interferon-lambda family on the innate and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-28_receptor

L.J.C. van Loon (2009). Plant Innate Immunity. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-08-088879-8. MycoBank Straininfo of Penicillium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_oxalicum

... diversity and priming in innate antiviral immunity". Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. Special Issue: Innate Sensing and ... Mossman, Karen (2017). Innate Antiviral Immunity. ISBN 978-1-4939-7237-1. Kepp, Oliver; Senovilla, Laura; Vitale, Ilio; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Mossman

... (MAVS) is a protein that is essential for antiviral innate immunity. MAVS is located ... Vazquez C, Horner SM (July 2015). "MAVS Coordination of Antiviral Innate Immunity". Journal of Virology. 89 (14): 6974-6977. ... Mohanty A, Tiwari-Pandey R, Pandey NR (September 2019). "Mitochondria: the indispensable players in innate immunity and ... Vazquez C, Beachboard DC, Horner SM (2017). "Methods to Visualize MAVS Subcellular Localization". Innate Antiviral Immunity. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_antiviral-signaling_protein

Non-specific immunity, or innate immunity, is the immune system with which you were born, made up of phagocytes and barriers. ... "Innate (Non-specific) Immunity". Microbiology and Immunology Online. Mosser DM, Edwards JP (2008). "Exploring the full spectrum ... The innate immune system is always present at the site of infection and ready to fight the bacteria; it can also be referred to ... Innate Immunity. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26846/ Lien, Egil; Ingalls, Robin (January 2002). "Toll- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonspecific_immune_cell

Vercammen E, Staal J, Beyaert R (January 2008). "Sensing of viral infection and activation of innate immunity by toll-like ... Kumar A, Srivastava P, Sirisena P, Dubey SK, Kumar R, Shrinet J, Sunil S (August 2018). "Mosquito Innate Immunity". Insects. 9 ... That immunity is present in the populations because of other diseases caused by related viruses (for example, dengue). That the ... As it was endemic in Africa, local populations had developed some immunity to it. When an outbreak of yellow fever would occur ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever

Zibelman M, Borghaei H, Olszanski AJ (2014). "Harnessing Innate Immunity". In Dubel S, Reichert JM (eds.). Handbook of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veltuzumab

"Innate Immunity and Asthma Risk in Amish and Hutterite Farm Children". New England Journal of Medicine. 375 (5): 411-421. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutterites

Payne DC, Parashar UD, Lopman BA (February 2015). "Developments in understanding acquired immunity and innate susceptibility to ... This immunity does not fully protect against infection with the other diverse genotypes of the virus. In Canada, norovirus is a ... After infection, immunity to the same strain of the virus - the genotype - protects against reinfection for between 6 months to ... Leon, Juan (2008). "Chapter 9". In Vajdy, Michael (ed.). Immunity Against Mucosal Pathogens. Springer. p. 232. ISBN 978-1-4020- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus

Possessed of innate beauty and easy gracefulness, they are viewed as both wondrous and haughty by other races; however, their ... ISBN 978-0-7869-4725-6. Ever wonder why elves are immune to paralysis? As far as we can figure out, that immunity came from a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf_(Dungeons_&_Dragons)

... although the precise mechanism of how this confers immunity is unclear. Coronaviruses evade innate immunity during the first ... Journal of Innate Immunity. 6 (5): 563-74. doi:10.1159/000360084. PMC 6741612. PMID 24751921. Espinosa V, Dutta O, McElrath C, ... "Type III interferon is a critical regulator of innate antifungal immunity". Science Immunology. 2 (16): eaan5357. doi:10.1126/ ... "Innate Immune Antagonism of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses in Humans and Mosquitoes". Viruses. 13 (11): 2116. doi:10.3390/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

... a protein complex associated with activation of innate immunity which, when overactive, can cause disease symptoms. The human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viroporin

Immunity. 50 (2): 288-301. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.01.019. ISSN 1074-7613. PMID 30784577. Junqueira, Carneiro. Basic ... and dendritic cells of the innate immune system. The granulocytes, also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes because of their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelopoiesis

... family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from ... Olson JK, Miller SD (September 2004). "Microglia initiate central nervous system innate and adaptive immune responses through ... December 2009). "Recognition of lipopeptide patterns by Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 heterodimer". Immunity. 31 (6 ... Genes and Immunity. 14 (7): 420-6. doi:10.1038/gene.2013.34. PMC 3791179. PMID 23823019. Lien E, Ingalls RR (January 2002). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-like_receptor_6

Responding to Volgin's innate overriding desire for revenge, the two broke out, with Volgin as the Man on Fire. The boy and the ... and Ocelot reveals that her immunity to bullets was simply the result of an electromagnetic force field surrounding her body, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Metal_Gear_characters

"Types of Immunity to a Disease , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 6 April 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022. Watts S (1997). Epidemics and ... The 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase (OAS) component of the innate immune response has been shown to be particularly important in ... This demonstrates that immunity does not decrease with time. The World Health Organization recommends the vaccine between the ... Most people begin to develop immunity within ten days of vaccination and 99 percent are protected within one month, and this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever_vaccine

Phagocytes are an essential component of the host's innate immune system with various antimicrobial defense mechanisms to clear ... Wilson, G. S. (1955). Topley and Wilson's principles of bacteriology and immunity. London, England: Edward Arnold Publishers ... Infection and Immunity. 67 (8): 4041-7. doi:10.1128/IAI.67.8.4041-4047.1999. PMC 96697. PMID 10417172. Boschiroli, ML; Ouahrani ... Infectious immunity 69 (2001): 4528-4535. Kemp, Jeffrey M. and Miller, Lowell A. "Oral vaccination and immunocontraception of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_suis

In order to evade detection by the host, YopE uses a number of different eukaryotic signalling pathways to counteract innate ... YopE GAP activity inhibits two common methods of host immunity - phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species generation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YopE_protein_domain

Pathogen Recognition by Innate Immunity and its Signaling Masaaki Sugiyama - The Mongol Empire and Dai-ön Ulus Asahiko Taira - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Academy_Prize_(academics)

... covering both humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. McKenzie's research investigates how the innate immune system and ... "Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity". Nature. 464 (7293): 1367-1370. doi:10.1038/ ... "Type-2 innate lymphoid cells control the development of atherosclerosis in mice". Nature Communications. 8: 15781. doi:10.1038/ ... "Innate lymphoid cells - a proposal for uniform nomenclature". Nature Reviews Immunology. 13 (2): 145-149. doi:10.1038/nri3365. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_N._J._McKenzie

Proponents of the concept have argued that the French defeat of 1940 was caused by what they regard as the innate decadence and ... Kennedy, Sean (2008). "The End of Immunity? Recent Work on the Far Right in Interwar France". Historical Reflections. 34 (2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Third_Republic

... a component of the inorganic armamentarium of innate immunity". Journal of Burns and Wounds. 6: e5. PMC 1853323. PMID 17492050 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hypochlorite

In innate immunity, the MyD88 plays a pivotal role in immune cell activation through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which belong ... Deguine J, Barton GM (2014-11-04). "MyD88: a central player in innate immune signaling". F1000Prime Reports. 6: 97. doi: ... and Immunity. 61: 326-339. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.12.012. PMC 5453178. PMID 28007523. Wesche H, Gao X, Li X, Kirschning CJ, ... Infection and Immunity. 70 (3): 1272-8. doi:10.1128/IAI.70.3.1272-1278.2002. PMC 127773. PMID 11854210. Radons J, Gabler S, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYD88

"Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity". Nature. 464 (7293): 1367-70. Bibcode: ... This cytokine is an important molecule controlling immunity of the gut and has been implicated in chronic inflammation ... Immunity. 42 (4): 692-703. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.03.008. PMC 5811222. PMID 25888259. Iwakura Y, Ishigame H, Saijo S, Nakae ... Infection and Immunity. 84 (12): 3328-3337. doi:10.1128/IAI.00180-16. PMC 5116711. PMID 27620722. N.J., Fallon, Padraic G. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_25

January 2007). "Aberrant innate immune response in lethal infection of macaques with the 1918 influenza virus". Nature. 445 ( ... most adults had substantial immunity. Later analysis found that the re-emergent strain had been circulating for approximately ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H1N1

... innate immunity Lorne Babiuk (1946-) Mike Belosevic (1951-) Kiril Bratanov (1911-1986), pioneer in the area of immunology of ... "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" and Ralph Marvin Steinman (1943-2011)"for his discovery of ... organ-specific auto-immunity Eva Engvall (1940-), one of the scientists who invented ELISA in 1971. Anthony Fauci (1940-) ... the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity" 2018 James P. Allison (1948-) and Tasuku Honjo (1942-), "for their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_immunologists

... the cells that produce cytokine IL-17 are extremely important in maintaining innate immunity. A comprehensive comparison of ... Th1-type cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is required for clearance of a fungal infection. Candida albicans is a kind of diploid ... Brown GD, Drummond RA, Gaffen SL, Hise AG (2015). "Innate Defense against Fungal Pathogens". Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 5 ( ... have been known to occasionally cause moderate-to-severe disease in human patients with compromised immunity. Cryptococcus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_fungus

1] The 3 major types of innate and adaptive cell-mediated effector immunity [2] Innate lymphocytes-lineage, localization and ... Immune system Humoral immunity (vs. cell-mediated immunity) Immunity Janeway, Charles; Travers, Paul; Walport, Mark; Shlomchik ... Cellular immunity protects the body through: T-cell mediated immunity or T-cell immunity: activating antigen-specific cytotoxic ... Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies. Rather, cell-mediated immunity is the activation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-mediated_immunity

curehunter.com > beta-lysine Retrieved on April 18, 2010 IMMUNOLOGY - CHAPTER ONE > INNATE (NON-SPECIFIC) IMMUNITY Gene Mayer, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Lysine

Santaolalla R, Abreu MT (2012). "Innate immunity in the small intestine". Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 28 (2): 124-9. doi:10.1097/ ... Cario, E (2010). "Heads up! How the intestinal epithelium safeguards mucosal barrier immunity through the inflammasome and ... The intestinal epithelium serves several crucial functions, exhibiting both innate and adaptive immune features. It closely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestinal_epithelium

They have been shown to play significant roles in immunity and infection. Viral glycoproteins, a new class of cellular ... "Enveloped Viruses Disable Innate Immune Responses in Dendritic Cells by Direct Activation of TAM Receptors". Cell Host & ... inhibits the expression of cell surface proteins implicated in adaptive immunity. Being made up mostly of host membrane, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_envelope

... the prevailing of innate immunity, the failing of clonotypic immunity, and the filling of immunological space". Vaccine. 18 (16 ... Humoral immunity declines, caused by a reduction in the population of antibody producing B-cells along with a smaller ... Weng NP (May 2006). "Aging of the immune system: how much can the adaptive immune system adapt?". Immunity. 24 (5): 495-499. ... A 2020 review concluded that the adaptive immune system is affected more than the innate immune system. Immunosenescence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosenescence

Infectious immunity in the central nervous system and brain function. Klein RS, Garber C, Howard N. Nature Immunology. 2017 Feb ... She found that microglia, the brain's innate immune cells, accumulate around neurons at the site of infection and complement ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robyn_S._Klein

... tyrosine kinase 2 deficiency reveals its requisite roles in multiple cytokine signals involved in innate and acquired immunity ... Syndromes affecting immunity, Pediatrics, Transcription factor deficiencies, IUIS-PID table 3 immunodeficiencies, Noninfectious ... ". Immunity. 25 (5): 745-55. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2006.09.009. PMID 17088085. Kreins AY, Ciancanelli MJ, Okada S, Kong XF, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperimmunoglobulin_E_syndrome

Part I Stabilized hypochlorous acid: a component of the inorganic armamentarium of innate immunity". J Burns and Wounds 2007; ... Infection and Immunity. 66 (6): 2655-9. doi:10.1128/IAI.66.6.2655-2659.1998. PMC 108252. PMID 9596730. Winter, J.; Ilbert, M.; ... Infection and Immunity. 55 (10): 2518-25. doi:10.1128/IAI.55.10.2518-2525.1987. PMC 260739. PMID 2820883. Camper, AK; McFeters ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid

Innate and adaptive immune responses of the central nervous system. Critical Reviews in Immunology. 26, 149-188. Hauser S.L.; ... Depression and Immunity: Inflammation and Depressive Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis. 29, 309. Gaikwad, Sagar; Agrawal-Rajput, ... Other evidence has shown that development and deployment of the innate and acquired immune systems in response to stressors on ... The nervous system is under constant monitoring from both the adaptive and innate immune system. Throughout development and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroimmunology

Box 1. Antimicrobial peptides involved in vaginal innate immunity. Major antimicrobial peptides found in the vagina *. α- ... Box 2. Cellular components of the vaginal innate immune system. Cellular components of the vaginal innate immune system *. ... Vaginal immunity depends greatly on the maintenance of homeostasis among all components in the innate immune system. ... Vaginal Innate Immunity. Alteration During Pregnancy and its Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/752814

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?authority=Immunity%2C+Innate&type=mesh

Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and ... Sebocytes behave as potent immune regulators, integrating into the innate immune responses of the skin. Expressing inflammatory ... 5 Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. ... are markedly involved in the skin barrier function and perifollicular and dermal innate immune processes, leading to ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36439142/?utm_source=SimplePie&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=1DqqIY7i9Icf9J_BIwh0PRg_lq4ZdpZVa2NCCBt_Z5SBUCUY-a&fc=20220524054013&ff=20221130080622&v=2.17.8

"When we look at innate immunity, both markers lead to an increased risk of stroke," Fani said. "As the markers increase over ... Cite this: Overactive Innate Immunity Tied to Higher Stroke Risk - Medscape - Jun 18, 2019. ... MILAN - Higher levels of components of innate immunity, such as granulocytes and platelets, and larger ratios of these markers ... "We saw that in younger individuals, the risk was slightly higher for incident stroke when the innate immunity components ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/914572

Innate Immunity and Paediatric Gastroenterology - A Special Issue published by Hindawi ... Innate immunity also seems to be involved in other maternal and gestational concerns with a great impact on birth outcomes. ... Innate immunity represents a current research trend in a wide spectrum of medical fields. Paediatric gastroenterological ... Innate immunity responses are involved in the development of both gastroenterological infectious disorders, such Helicobacter ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/si/260523/

... innate immunity, innate sensor, interferon gamma, MDA5, memory T cells, neutrophil, RIG-I, SARS-CoV-2 ... Filed Under: Basic virology, Information Tagged With: dsRNA, IFN, innate immunity, interferon, lncRNA, long non-coding RNA, RIG ... Filed Under: Basic virology, Gertrud Rey, Information Tagged With: animal model, dengue virus, innate immunity, interferon, ... Filed Under: Basic virology, Information Tagged With: dsRNA, innate immunity, interferon, interferonopathy, MDA5, mitochondria ...

https://www.virology.ws/tag/innate-immunity/

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Immunity%2C+Innate&type=mesh

A broader role for the microbiota as a major modulator of systemic immunity has been proposed; however, evidence and a ... Recognition of peptidoglycan from the microbiota by Nod1 enhances systemic innate immunity Nat Med. 2010 Feb;16(2):228-31. doi ... A broader role for the microbiota as a major modulator of systemic immunity has been proposed; however, evidence and a ... We show that the microbiota are a source of peptidoglycan that systemically primes the innate immune system, enhancing killing ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20081863/?dopt=Abstract

Recognition of cytosolic DNA activates an IRF3-dependent innate immune response.. Immunity. 2006; 24: 93-103. View in Article * ... DNA damage and innate immunity: links and trade-offs. *. Georgia Chatzinikolaou. Georgia Chatzinikolaou ... Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity. ... DNA-PK is a DNA sensor for IRF-3-dependent innate immunity. ... Previous ArticleAntiviral innate immunity and stress granule ...

https://www.cell.com/trends/immunology/fulltext/S1471-4906

Abcam - antibodies and reagents supplier, find any antibody

https://www.abcam.com/products?selected.researchAreas=Immunology--Innate+Immunity

... in the regulation of host innate immunity and have revealed mechanisms by which FMDV proteins mediate host innate immunity. In ... In this review, the advance in mechanisms of interaction be-tween FMDV proteins and hosts innate immunity are summarized to ... advances in studies on the mechanisms of interaction between FMDV proteins and host innate immunity are summarized to provide a ... In addition, studies have shown that many FMDV proteins are involved in the regulation of host innate immunity and re-vealed ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.02046/full

Natural defense mechanism of the body (innate immunity) plays a key role in the fight against COVID-19 and other viral ... CSIR to repurpose Sepsivac drug to enhance innate immunity against COVID-19. By ... to enhance innate immunity of the body to limit the spread of COVID-19 and fasten the recovery of the patients of COVID-19, ... COVID-19 or other viruses either do not get the disease or get a milder form of the self-limiting disease as Innate immunity is ...

http://tehelka.com/csir-to-repurpose-sepsivac-drug-to-enhance-innate-immunity-against-covid-19/

Innate Immunity MOOC. This MOOC describes the players and the whole orchestra involved in innate immunity against pathogens. ... What was called "non-specific immunity" was renamed "innate immunity", and the understanding of the sensing of the exogenous or ... Present links between innate immunity and the central nervous system and adaptive immunity.. ... Define the cellular and molecular players of innate immunity.. *Describe the mechanisms that lead to the elimination of ...

https://research.pasteur.fr/fr/course/innate-immunity-mooc/

Jonathan Ewbank on Antifungal innate immunity in C. elegans, part of a collection of multimedia lectures. ... An introduction to veterinary immunology: innate immunity An introduction to veterinary immunology: innate immunity ... Ewbank, J. (2018, February 28). Antifungal innate immunity in C. elegans [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences ... explored and so is complementary to other models used to investigate innate immunity. ...

https://hstalks.com/t/3687/antifungal-innate-immunity-in-c-elegans/

View the Joseph Sun Lab page for Harnessing Innate Immunity in Cancer Therapies: The Example of Natural Killer Cell Engagers. ... Harnessing Innate Immunity in Cancer Therapies: The Example of Natural Killer Cell Engagers Share * ...

https://www.mskcc.org/event/harnessing-innate-immunity-cancer-therapies-example-natural-killer-cell-engagers

Human T-bet deficiency thus underlies mycobacterial disease by preventing the development of innate (NK) and innate-like ... immunity underlie mycobacterial disease. We report a patient with mycobacterial disease due to inherited deficiency of the ... Human T-bet Governs Innate and Innate-like Adaptive IFN-γ Immunity against Mycobacteria Rui Yang 1 Federico Mele 2 Lisa Worley ... Human T-bet Governs Innate and Innate-like Adaptive IFN-γ Immunity against Mycobacteria. Cell, 2020, 183 (7), pp.1826-1847.e31 ...

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-03260339v1

Protein recognition of small RNAs in innate immunity. *Williams, Bryan (Primary Chief Investigator (PCI)) ...

https://research.monash.edu/en/projects/protein-recognition-of-small-rnas-in-innate-immunity

Modulation of innate immunity by the cGMP signalling pathway in the drosophila malpighian tubule ... The Drosophila innate immune system is one of the most widely characterised of all metozoan defense systems, and shares many ... of choice for many researchers with regards to the study of the general mechanisms and regulatory elements of innate immunity. ... similar characteristics to the innate immune systems of higher organisms. As such, Drosophila has become the model organism ...

https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495147

Data from: Rapid seasonal evolution in innate immunity of wild Drosophila melanogaster. Behrman, Emily L., University of ... 2018), Data from: Rapid seasonal evolution in innate immunity of wild Drosophila melanogaster, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/ ...

https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.qf5m8

16:00 Innate immunity and the host response Mihai Netea, Nijmegen. 16:25 Consequences and infectious complications Eric Bow, ... U bent hier: Home / Congressen / Mucosal barrier injury, innate immunity and infection ...

https://congresscare.com/congress/mucosal-barrier-injury-innate-immunity-and-infection/

Downloading a figure as powerpoint requires a browser with javascript support. Enable javascript and try again For help please contact [email protected] ...

https://insight.jci.org/assets/43549/powerpoint

Training Innate Respiratory Immunity to protect against pandemic viral infection. *Zimmermann, Julie (PhD Student) ...

https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/projects/training-innate-respiratory-immunity-to-protect-against-pandemic-

To be clear, these are two selected examples of many by which SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the host machinery to evade innate immunity ... USP18 positively regulates innate antiviral immunity by promoting K63-linked polyubiquitination of MAVS. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1 ... Innate immunity utilizes pattern recognition receptors to recognize pathogen-associated molecular proteins (PAMPs) of the ... Interestingly, several key innate immunity signaling cascades utilize post-translational modifications as regulatory mechanisms ...

https://www.cytoskeleton.com/dec-21-newsletter-sars-cov-2-evades-innate-immunity

STAT3-mediated upregulation of the AIM2 DNA sensor links innate immunity with cell migration to promote epithelial ... STAT3-mediated upregulation of the AIM2 DNA sensor links innate immunity with cell migration to promote epithelial ...

https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/8/1515.responses

Role of Toll-like receptor-driven innate immunity in thoracic organ transplantation. ... these studies demonstrate that innate immunity is important for alloimmunity. Future therapeutic modalities that target innate ... Innate immunity represents the first line of defense against microbial invasion. Recent studies have determined that a group of ... Role of Toll-like receptor-driven innate immunity in thoracic organ transplantation. Journal Article (Journal Article;Review) ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub680046

Self-killing of melanoma cells by cytosolic delivery of dsRNA: Wiring innate immunity for a coordinated mobilization of ...

https://www.irbbarcelona.org/en/about-us/publications/self-killing-melanoma-cells-cytosolic-delivery-dsrna-wiring-innate-immunity

View the Joseph Sun Lab page for Innate Immunity Receptors: Crosstalk with Adaptive Immunity, Cancer and Microbiota. ...

https://www.sloankettering.edu/event/innate-immunity-receptors-crosstalk-adaptive-immunity-cancer-and-microbiota

Innate Immunity, Porphyromonas gingivalis". 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. X. Y. Z. ...

https://dspace.sunyconnect.suny.edu/handle/1951/39651/browse?type=subject&value=DC-SIGN%2C+Dendritic+Cells%2C+Glycosylation%2C+Immuno-modulation%2C+Innate+Immunity%2C+Porphyromonas+gingivalis

Transcriptome analyses reveal SR45 to be a neutral splicing regulator and a suppressor of innate immunity in Arabidopsis ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-017-4183-7/metrics

Exosomes secreted by nematode parasites transfer small RNAs to mammalian cells and modulate innate immunity. ...

https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/exosomes-secreted-by-nematode-parasites-transfer-small-rnas-to-ma/persons/

Neutrophils are an essential part of the innate immune system because they accumulate quickly at a site of infection, where they ingest pathogens and recruit and activate other immune cells. (virology.ws)
Sentinel cells of the innate immune system recognize invading pathogens by sensing structurally conserved molecular motifs in infectious microbes. (virology.ws)
We show that the microbiota are a source of peptidoglycan that systemically primes the innate immune system, enhancing killing by bone marrow-derived neutrophils of two major pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. (nih.gov)
Adaptive and innate immune mechanisms are often directed outward, protecting self against pathogens. (cell.com)
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens and plays a crucial role in controlling pathogen infection ( Yoneyama and Fujita, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)
This MOOC describes the players and the whole orchestra involved in innate immunity against pathogens. (pasteur.fr)
What was called "non-specific immunity" was renamed "innate immunity", and the understanding of the sensing of the exogenous or endogenous dangers signals, and their identification revolutionized our understanding of the early mechanism aimed to defend the integrity of the host against any type of attacks including pathogens. (pasteur.fr)
Innate immunity is critical for all organisms against microbial pathogens. (uwyo.edu)
The high burden of infectious diseases and the extensive vaccination campaigns previously conducted in Africa could have induced specific and non-specific protective immunity to infectious pathogens in Africans. (bvsalud.org)

The vaginal innate immune system represents the first line of defense against foreign organisms and pathogenic microbes. (medscape.com)
The vaginal innate immune system plays a critical role in defense against all sexually transmitted diseases including HIV. (medscape.com)
These data establish a mechanism for systemic immunomodulation by the microbiota and highlight potential adverse consequences of microbiota disruption by broad-spectrum antibiotics on innate immune defense to infection. (nih.gov)
Natural defense mechanism of the body (innate immunity) plays a key role in the fight against COVID-19 and other viral infections. (tehelka.com)
The Drosophila innate immune system is one of the most widely characterised of all metozoan defense systems, and shares many similar characteristics to the innate immune systems of higher organisms. (bl.uk)
Proper activation of the innate immune system functions as the first line of defense for host cells and can lead to suppression of viral replication. (cytoskeleton.com)
Innate immunity represents the first line of defense against microbial invasion. (duke.edu)
Innate, or nonspecific, immunity is the defense system with which you were born. (medlineplus.gov)
As the name implies, innate immunity is something people are born with and the first line of defense they have when encountering a new virus. (cdc.gov)
Natural killer (NK) cells function as early effector cells in the innate immune defense against viral infections and also participate in the regulation of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. (researchmap.jp)
Granulocytes are a key component of the innate immune system (ie, nonspecific immune defense system). (medscape.com)

However, during most of the XXth century, adaptive immunity (also known as specific immunity) focused most of the interest of the researchers, until Charles Janeway and Polly Matzinger revisited the definition of immunology. (pasteur.fr)
This review provides an insight into the benefits of fever and its role in prevention of cancer, the significance of common infections in cancer regression, the dual nature of our immune system and the role of the often overlooked primary innate immunity in tumor immunology and spontaneous regression of cancer. (who.int)

Passive immunity is due to antibodies that are produced in a body other than your own. (medlineplus.gov)
Infants have passive immunity because they are born with antibodies that are transferred through the placenta from their mother. (medlineplus.gov)
This could be due to antibodies that were made against some other immunogen but cross-reacted with Ebola virus, by innate immunity proteins in their blood, or both. (cdc.gov)

Immune cells like the natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells have taken greater precedence in cancer immunity than ever before. (who.int)
Other cellular components of the innate immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells. (medscape.com)

Moreover, it has been found that the maternal microbiota might be involved in shaping postnatal immunity. (hindawi.com)
Postnatal immunity responses seem to be influenced by other environmental factors including gastrointestinal microbiota. (hindawi.com)
The main aim of this Special Issue is to define an integrative mechanistic model for a clearer understanding of the relationship between innate immunity and paediatric gastroenterological diseases, along with other factors, such as maternal microbiota or gestational pathologies. (hindawi.com)
Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of Type 1 diabetes. (ifh-homehygiene.org)
Although recent progress, a proper characterization of mucosal innate immune response and microbiota is still missing, and further studies are needed to understand how they can be helpful for the formulation of an effective vaccine . (bvsalud.org)

This type of innate immune response seems to be delayed in older adults, and in an effort to "catch up," may result in excessive inflammation, thereby ultimately causing more severe damage. (virology.ws)
Conversely, lack of chronic innate inflammation at baseline may predict improved treatment outcome, as suggested by good overall prognosis. (unina.it)
12-Lipoxygenase governs the innate immune pathogenesis of islet inflammation and autoimmune diabetes. (uchicago.edu)
Surfactant proteins (SP) reduce alveolar surface tension and modulate innate immune responses to control lung inflammation. (cdc.gov)
Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)

The increased numbers of innate immune cells and increased expression of pattern recognition receptor genes in the upper airways of children may facilitate a more efficient innate response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to reduced viral replication and faster clearance of virus. (virology.ws)
Nod1(-/-) mice are more susceptible than wild-type mice to early pneumococcal sepsis, demonstrating a role for Nod1 in priming innate defenses facilitating a rapid response to infection. (nih.gov)
The haptoglobin-haemoglobin receptor (HpHbR) of African trypanosomes allows acquisition of haem and provides an uptake route for trypanolytic factor-1, a mediator of innate immunity against trypanosome infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Repeated exposures occur from birth to old age, but natural and/or vaccine-induced immunity renders the majority of infections mild or asymptomatic following natural infection or vaccination. (cdc.gov)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) is still one of the major global health issues, and despite significant efforts that have been put into studying the pathogenesis of HIV infection , several aspects need to be clarified, including how innate immunity acts in different anatomical compartments. (bvsalud.org)
Given this scenario, we focused our attention on the interplay between HIV and mucosal innate response the different mucosae act as a physical barrier , whose integrity can be compromised by the infection , and the virus - cell interaction induces the innate immune response . (bvsalud.org)
The outcome of the ensuing battle will determine whether the infection will remain locally limited within the engulfing cells of the innate immune system, or will continue to spread, causing the individual to become a clinically active TB patient [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. (intechopen.com)
One explanation is that a child's innate immune system mounts a more vigorous attack at the onset of infection. (forbes.com)
To provide insight into the possible reasons for the presumed immune sufficiency to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Africa, this review critically examines literature published from 2020 onwards on the dynamics of COVID-19 infection and immunity and how other prevalent infectious diseases in Africa might have influenced the outcome of COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)

Along this line and based on the critical role of innate immunity in all immune responses, targeting innate immunity in cancer opens the possibility to mount a multilayered immune response culminating in long-lasting antitumor immunity. (perkinelmer.com)
Researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have developed an ultrasound-guided cancer immunotherapy platform that generates systemic antitumor immunity and improves the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. (mdanderson.org)
My research focuses on understanding the balance between protective antitumor immunity and immunotherapy toxicities. (harvard.edu)

In addition, studies have shown that many FMDV proteins are involved in the regulation of host innate immunity and have revealed mechanisms by which FMDV proteins mediate host innate immunity. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, advances in studies on the mechanisms of interaction between FMDV proteins and host innate immunity are summarized to provide a comprehensive understanding of FMDV pathogenesis and the theoretical basis for FMD prevention and control. (frontiersin.org)

Tara Hurst and Gkikas Magiorkinis have written a review in the Journal of General Virology discussing how ERVs activate innate immune sensing pathways and the potential implications for human disease. (applevir.org)

This session will be focusing on the dissection of the role of innate immune cells and their clinical manipulation in cancer. (perkinelmer.com)
Acute activation of myeloid cells induced itaconate synthesis, which subsequently mediated innate immune tolerance in human monocytes. (diagenode.com)
Malik A, Jabri B. Innate riddle of CD4+ T cells and the control of enteric infections. (uchicago.edu)
As the first-of-its-kind platform, the Microbubble-assisted UltraSound-guided Immunotherapy of Cancer (MUSIC) approach employs nanocomplexes combined with microbubbles to effectively deliver cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), an immunotransmitter involved in anticancer immunity, into antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (mdanderson.org)
Innate immunity consists of cells and molecules that offer a level of protection against a variety of viruses by recognizing structures these viruses have in common. (cdc.gov)
We have previously shown that NK cells function as major cytotoxic effector cells in vaccine-induced immune protection against Friend virus (FV)-induced leukemia, and NK cell depletion totally abrogates the above protective immunity. (researchmap.jp)
Mast cells in innate immunity. (bvsalud.org)
Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)
Natural-killer (NK) cells are specialized lymphocytes that have cytotoxic properties in addition to their ability to produce cytokines that assist in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. (medscape.com)
NK cells are specialized effectors of the innate immune system that destroy their targets by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, have prominent antitumor effects, and are potent killers of virally infected cells. (medscape.com)

The existence of a relationship between innate immunity mechanisms (e.g. toll-like receptors) and the onset of certain gastroenterological pathologies is undoubtable, but a more thorough approach in this topic would be extremely useful to understand clearly the mechanistic pathways and to create a solid basis for potential prevention or treatment strategies. (hindawi.com)
As such, Drosophila has become the model organism of choice for many researchers with regards to the study of the general mechanisms and regulatory elements of innate immunity. (bl.uk)
Interestingly, several key innate immunity signaling cascades utilize post-translational modifications as regulatory mechanisms and are often hijacked by viruses to evade immune detection (3) . (cytoskeleton.com)
Future therapeutic modalities that target innate rather than adaptive immune mechanisms represent a promising avenue for future studies in thoracic organ transplantation. (duke.edu)
Genomic and Transcriptional Mechanisms Governing Innate-like T Lymphocyte Development. (uchicago.edu)
To cite this article: Martin SF, Esser PR, Weber FC, Jakob T, Freudenberg MA, Schmidt M, Goebeler M. Mechanisms of chemical-induced innate immunity in allergic contact dermatitis. (cdc.gov)
By investigating the mechanisms of action in producing a robust STING activation, we identified a new strategy to activate both the innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses," said Wen Jiang, M.D., Ph.D. , assistant professor of Radiation Oncology and the study's co-senior author. (mdanderson.org)

The initial interplay between HIV and mucosal innate immunity. (bvsalud.org)
Given the nature of HIV as a sexually transmitted disease , one of the aspects that demands particular attention is the mucosal innate immune response . (bvsalud.org)

The innate immune system - the nonspecific portion of the immune response - is well represented within this environment. (medscape.com)
Innate immunity is relatively nonspecific. (medscape.com)

Innate immunity also comes in a protein chemical form, called innate humoral immunity. (medlineplus.gov)

As a consequence, research focused on understanding the molecular and cellular basis of antifungal immunity has expanded tremendously in the last few years. (elsevier.com)
This review will provide an overview of the most exciting recent advances in innate antifungal immunity, discoveries that are helping to pave the way for the development of new strategies that are desperately needed to combat these devastating diseases. (elsevier.com)
Salazar, F & Brown, GD 2018, ' Antifungal innate immunity: a perspective from last 10 years ', Journal of Innate Immunity , vol. 10, pp. 373-397. (elsevier.com)

Although the majority of cancer immunotherapies have focused on boosting the adaptive branch of the body's immune system, there has been a growing realization that both the innate and adaptive branches of the body's immune system need to be engaged to generate optimal antitumoral immunity," Jiang said. (mdanderson.org)
Immunity refers to our body's defences. (imunobran.lu)

Interferon (IFN) production plays a pivotal role in the host antiviral innate immune response, which can suppress viral replication especially in the early stage of the immune response. (frontiersin.org)

This finding can possibly be attributed to the "trained" immunity resulting from more frequent respiratory infections in children, which increases the baseline or standard innate activity in children. (forbes.com)
Role of eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages in innate and adaptive immunity to nematode infections. (jefferson.edu)
A rare genetic primary immunodeficiency due to a defect in innate immunity disorder with characteristics of impaired intracellular signaling from both type I and type II interferons, leading to early-onset, severe, life-threatening intracellular bacterial (typically mycobacteria) and viral (mainly herpes viruses) infections. (cdc.gov)

Innate immunity responses are involved in the development of both gastroenterological infectious disorders, such Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis, and autoimmune disorders, such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disorders. (hindawi.com)
E-mail: [email protected] involved in anti-infectious immunity. (cdc.gov)

What is natural immunity and how does it work? (imunobran.lu)

Many pathways have been identified as being key to innate immunity regulation. (uwyo.edu)

Recently a G protein coupled receptor, FSHR-1, was identified as being important to the function of innate immunity of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. (uwyo.edu)

The majority of persons coming in contact with COVID-19 or other viruses either do not get the disease or get a milder form of the self-limiting disease as Innate immunity is adequate. (tehelka.com)
Immunity against viruses (and bacteria) has two principal components: innate and adaptive. (cdc.gov)
However, the study of immunity, particularly in the elderly, can no longer be limited to efficacy of vaccination, given the emergence of new viral strains of common viruses, such as avian influenza, and the threat of using viruses to which there are no current vaccines as agents of bioterrorism. (msu.edu)

Role of Toll-like receptor-driven innate immunity in thoracic organ transplantation. (duke.edu)
Structural basis for ligand and innate immunity factor uptake by the trypanosome haptoglobin-haemoglobin receptor. (ox.ac.uk)
The conference "Novel Concepts in Innate Immunity" was first held 2015 in Tübingen in commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the discovery of the Toll receptor gene in Tübingen and now takes place every two years. (immunology-tuebingen.de)
Learn about PathHunter® checkpoint receptor assays (cell lines and bioassays) for innate and adaptive immunity. (discoverx.com)

Recent studies have determined that a group of germline-encoded receptors, termed Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are critical for recognizing foreign motifs on microbial organisms and initiating innate responses. (duke.edu)
Innate immune recognition sensing by these receptors are not non-specific. (applevir.org)
Fcγ-receptors play a critical role in triggering the adapted immune system, and a lower activation provides a less robust cell immunity response. (forbes.com)

RAF1 & Immunity: A Future Model For Cancer Research? (bellbrooklabs.com)
Methods: To identify genetic markers for meningioma in genes involved with innate immunity, we conducted an exploratory association study of 101 meningioma cases and 330 frequency-matched controls of European ancestry using subjects from a hospital-based study conducted by the National Cancer Institute. (elsevier.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: The role of innate immunity in spontaneous regression of cancer. (who.int)
Thomas J A, Badini M. The role of innate immunity in spontaneous regression of cancer. (who.int)

New techniques involving DNA analysis have also expanded understanding of the complex vaginal flora and its intricate role in local immunity. (medscape.com)
Unlike the cardiology field, where multiple trials point to the involvement of innate immunity in the inflammatory hypothesis of atherosclerosis, "the role of innate immunity for developing stroke remains unknown," Fani and colleagues note. (medscape.com)
While symptoms vary widely throughout the population there is growing evidence that the innate immune response plays a crucial role in determining the severity of COVID-19 (1, 2) . (cytoskeleton.com)
The role of itaconate was further validated by IRG1 and SDH polymorphisms that modulate induction of tolerance and trained immunity in human monocytes. (diagenode.com)

DNA damage sensors and the DDR are coupled to innate immune activation. (cell.com)
Collectively, these data suggest that activation of several functions of the innate immunity before treatment is associated with inferior survival in patients treated with oncolytic adenovirus. (unina.it)

Aged mice also exhibit altered innate immunity, including a decrease in inducible natural killer (NK) cell activity, although such changes have not been consistent in humans. (msu.edu)

MILAN - Higher levels of components of innate immunity, such as granulocytes and platelets, and larger ratios of these markers to lymphocytes were associated with greater stroke risk over time in a large prospective cohort study. (medscape.com)

This understanding has led to the development of new immunotherapies that target the regulators of innate immune systems, including the cGAS-STING pathway. (mdanderson.org)

In either case, innate immune signaling via TLRs leads to a productive adaptive immune response. (duke.edu)

Sebocytes behave as potent immune regulators, integrating into the innate immune responses of the skin. (nih.gov)
Most studies have shown that TLR-dependent immune function leads to T-helper 1 (TH1) immunity, although evidence also supports that TH2 immune responses may be initiated by TLR signaling in certain contexts. (duke.edu)
Cannabidiol inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication through induction of the host ER stress and innate immune responses. (uchicago.edu)
reviewed antiviral immune responses in bats and suggested the possibility that bats might be able to control viral replication through innate immunity. (cdc.gov)

As expected, adaptive immunity has a more protective effect on stroke risk," Fani said. (medscape.com)
Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, can learn to recognize and remember the exact invading virus and in doing so, become a strong protective force to stop it from causing disease. (cdc.gov)

Microbial invaders often have distinct molecular patterns (referred to as pathogen associated molecular patterns, or PAMPs) that are quickly recognised by host innate immune defences. (applevir.org)

In contrast, induction of trained immunity by b-glucan counteracted tolerance induced in a model of human endotoxemia by inhibiting the expression of immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1), the enzyme that controls itaconate synthesis. (diagenode.com)
Contact allergen-induced innate immunity contrast to irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), which evolves emollients may help reduce irritancy and stabilize the barrier as a consequence of direct toxic effects of physical or chemi- function of the skin avoiding the penetration of contact aller- cal agents resulting in keratinocyte damage and local inflam- gens. (cdc.gov)
In contrast to basic innate immunity, adaptive immunity is specific and depends on antigenic stimulation. (medscape.com)

Acquired immunity is immunity that develops with exposure to various antigens. (medlineplus.gov)

Conclusions and Impact: Our results indicate that common genetic polymorphisms in innate immunity genes may be associated with risk of meningioma. (elsevier.com)
These genetic findings provide additional evidence that the microglia-mediated innate immune response contributes directly to the development of Alzheimer's disease. (ntu.ac.uk)
found that flight evolved in tandem with concomitant genetic changes to their innate immune systems. (cdc.gov)

The 2019 conference featured several exciting sessions on various aspects of Innate Immunity, presented by internationally acclaimed speakers. (immunology-tuebingen.de)

Anatomy33

Organisms30

Diseases28

Chemicals and Drugs87

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes51

Information Science3

Health Care1

Gene silencing: plants and viruses fight it out. (1/11788)

Constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling confers resistance to apoptosis in human U266 myeloma cells. (2/11788)

Rapid autologous marrow recovery and eradication of infectious mononucleosis despite severe immunosuppression following second transplantation for aplastic anemia. (3/11788)

Innate and acquired humoral immunities to influenza virus are mediated by distinct arms of the immune system. (4/11788)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene disruption conferred mice resistant to streptozotocin-induced diabetes. (5/11788)

Identification of regions in alleles of the flax rust resistance gene L that determine differences in gene-for-gene specificity. (6/11788)

Cyclophilin C-associated protein: a normal secreted glycoprotein that down-modulates endotoxin and proinflammatory responses in vivo. (7/11788)

Comparative genomics and host resistance against infectious diseases. (8/11788)

Immunity

Immunity, Innate

Immunity, Cellular

Adaptive Immunity

Immunity, Mucosal

Immunity, Humoral

Plant Immunity

Immunity, Maternally-Acquired

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Immunity, Herd

Dendritic Cells

T-Lymphocytes

Vaccination

Interferon-gamma

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Antibody Formation

Lymphocyte Activation

Antibodies, Viral

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Cytokines

Spleen

Adjuvants, Immunologic

Immunoglobulin G

Mice, Knockout

Hypersensitivity, Delayed

Vaccines, DNA

Immunologic Memory

Cancer Vaccines

Vaccines, Synthetic

Th1 Cells

Antibodies, Bacterial

Viral Vaccines

T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic

Receptors, Pattern Recognition

Vaccines, Attenuated

Toll-Like Receptors

Immunization, Secondary

Vaccines

Models, Immunological

Administration, Intranasal

Macrophages

Interleukin-12

Immune Tolerance

Immune System

Killer Cells, Natural

Antigens, Bacterial

Host-Pathogen Interactions

Molecular Sequence Data

Signal Transduction

Listeriosis

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Bacteriocins

Cells, Cultured

Immunoglobulin A

Immunotherapy

Disease Models, Animal

B-Lymphocytes

T-Lymphocyte Subsets

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic

Flow Cytometry

Th2 Cells

Lymphocytes

Antigen Presentation

Antigens, Neoplasm

Mice, Inbred C3H

Orthomyxoviridae Infections

Genetic Vectors

Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte

Virus Diseases

Lung

Antibodies, Neutralizing

Amino Acid Sequence

Melanoma, Experimental

Protozoan Vaccines

Listeria monocytogenes

Adoptive Transfer

Antibodies, Protozoan

Antigens, Protozoan

Inflammation