Teaching coin summation to the mentally retarded. (1/508)
A procedure to teach four mild and moderately retarded persons to sum the value of coin combinations was tested. Subjects were first taught to count a single target coin, and then to sum that coin in combination with coins previously trained. Five American coins and various combinations were trained. Modelling, modelling with subject participation, and independent counting by the subject constituted the training sequence. The subjects improved from a mean pretest score of 29% to 92% correct at posttest. A four-week followup score showed a mean of 79% correct. A multiple-baseline design suggested that improvement in coin-counting performance occurred only after the coin was trained. The results indicate that this procedure has potential for teaching the retarded to sum combinations of coinds in 5 to 6 hr of instruction. (+info)Origins of theory of mind, cognition and communication. (2/508)
There has been a revolution in our understanding of infant and toddler cognition that promises to have far-reaching implications for our understanding of communicative and linguistic development. Four empirical findings that helped to prompt this change in theory are analyzed: (a) Intermodal coordination--newborns operate with multimodal information, recognizing equivalences in information across sensory-modalities; (b) Imitation--newborns imitate the lip and tongue movements they see others perform; (c) Memory--young infants form long-lasting representations of perceived events and use these memories to generate motor productions after lengthy delays in novel contexts; (d) Theory of mind--by 18 months of age toddlers have adopted a theory of mind, reading below surface behavior to the goals and intentions in people's actions. This paper examines three views currently being offered in the literature to replace the classical framework of early cognitive development: modularity-nativism, connectionism, and theory-theory. Arguments are marshaled to support the "theory-theory" view. This view emphasizes a combination of innate structure and qualitative reorganization in children's thought based on input from the people and things in their culture. It is suggested that preverbal cognition forms a substrate for language acquisition and that analyzing cognition may enhance our understanding of certain disorders of communication. (+info)The effects of learning and intention on the neural network involved in the perception of meaningless actions. (3/508)
PET was used to explore the neural network involved in the perception of meaningless action. In two conditions, subjects observed learned and unknown meaningless actions without any purpose. In two other conditions, subjects observed the same type of stimuli for later imitation. The control condition, which consisted of the presention of stationary hands, served as a baseline. Unsurprisingly, a common network that forms part of the dorsal pathway was engaged in all conditions when compared with stationary hands, and this was interpreted as being devoted to the analysis of hand movements. One of the most striking results of the present study was that some brain areas were strongly modulated by the learning level, independent of the subject's intention. Two different effects were observed: a reduced activity in posterior regions within the common network, which correlated with specific increases in the frontopolar area 10 and in the angular gyrus during the perception of learned meaningless actions compared with the perception of unknown actions. Finally, the major effect of the subject's intention to imitate was a strong increase in the dorsal pathway extending to the lateral premotor cortex and to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which reflects the information processing needed for prospective action. Overall, our results provide evidence for both an effect of the visuomotor learning level and of the subject's intention on the neural network involved during the perception of human meaningless actions. (+info)Cortical mechanisms of human imitation. (4/508)
How does imitation occur? How can the motor plans necessary for imitating an action derive from the observation of that action? Imitation may be based on a mechanism directly matching the observed action onto an internal motor representation of that action ("direct matching hypothesis"). To test this hypothesis, normal human participants were asked to observe and imitate a finger movement and to perform the same movement after spatial or symbolic cues. Brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. If the direct matching hypothesis is correct, there should be areas that become active during finger movement, regardless of how it is evoked, and their activation should increase when the same movement is elicited by the observation of an identical movement made by another individual. Two areas with these properties were found in the left inferior frontal cortex (opercular region) and the rostral-most region of the right superior parietal lobule. (+info)Behavioral methods used in the study of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid nutrition in primate infants. (5/508)
Domains of behavior may be broadly categorized as sensory, motor, motivational and arousal, cognitive, and social. Differences in these domains occur because of changes in brain structure and function. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6-23) and arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4-26) are major structural components of the brain that decrease when diets deficient in the essential fatty acids (EFA) alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are consumed. Early electrophysiologic and behavioral studies in EFA-deficient rodents showed behavioral effects attributable to lower-than-normal accumulation of DHA and AA in the brain. More recently, electrophysiologic and behavioral studies in EFA-deficient primate infants and analogous studies in human infants have been conducted. The human infants were fed formulas that could result in lower-than-optimal accumulation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in the brain during critical periods of development. This article describes the behavioral methods that have been used to study primate infants. These methods may be unfamiliar to many physicians and nutritionists who wish to read and interpret the human studies. The behavioral outcomes that have been evaluated in LCPUFA studies represent only a fraction of those available in the behavioral sciences. Specific developmental domains have been studied less often than global development, even though studies of nonhuman primates deficient in EFAs suggest that the former provide more information that could help target the underlying mechanisms of action of LCPUFAs in the brain. (+info)Forced hyperphasia and environmental dependency syndrome. (6/508)
A distinctive, language related fragment of the environmental dependency syndrome is described: compulsive, involuntary, environmentally dependent speaking. Because this syndrome represents the observe of aphasia, it is named forced hyperphasia. An 84 year old woman with acute left frontal infarction was admitted to hospital with gait disturbance, forced grasp reflex, and striking imitation behaviour. After 2 weeks her imitation behaviour disappeared, but an equally striking new behaviour emerged. In the presence of others she would call out the names of objects in the room, and also call out the actions and gestures of people in the room, even though she was not asked to do so, and even though she was asked to stop. For example, if the doctor scratched his nose, she said, "The doctor is scratching his nose." Brain CT, MRI, and SPECT showed cerebral atrophy and a left superior frontal subcortical infarct. It is suggested that "forced hyperphasia" is a clinical fragment of the environmental dependency syndrome and that her compulsive, impulsive, involuntary release of spoken language resulted from the release of frontal inhibition of the complex reflex linking environmental cues to the set of motor, limbic, spatial, and linguistic associations underlying spoken language. (+info)Women and smoking in Hollywood movies: a content analysis. (7/508)
OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the portrayal of smoking in Hollywood films starring 10 popular actressess. METHODS: Five movies were randomly sampled for each actress, for a total of 96 hours of film footage that was analyzed in 1116 5-minute intervals. RESULTS: Leading female actors were as likely to smoke in movies aimed at juvenile audiences (PG/PG-13) as in R-rated movies, whereas male actors were 2.5 times more likely to smoke in R-rated movies. PG/PG-13-rated movies were less likely than R-rated movies to contain negative messages about smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is highly prevalent in Hollywood films featuring popular actressess and may influence young audiences for whom movie stars serve as role models. (+info)Whistle matching in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) (8/508)
Dolphin communication is suspected to be complex, on the basis of their call repertoires, cognitive abilities, and ability to modify signals through vocal learning. Because of the difficulties involved in observing and recording individual cetaceans, very little is known about how they use their calls. This report shows that wild, unrestrained bottlenose dolphins use their learned whistles in matching interactions, in which an individual responds to a whistle of a conspecific by emitting the same whistle type. Vocal matching occurred over distances of up to 580 meters and is indicative of animals addressing each other individually. (+info)
Imitative learning
... is a type of social learning whereby new behaviors are acquired via imitation. Imitation aids in ... Imitative learning has been well documented in humans; they are often used as a comparison group in studies of imitative ... imitative learning plays an important role in humans in cultural development. Imitative learning is different from ... The study also speculates whether the primacy of imitative learning, as opposed to trial end error, was due to a social and ...
Mirror neuron
Birds have been shown to have imitative resonance behaviors and neurological evidence suggests the presence of some form of ... Due to this, the observer will produce the action explicitly (in his/her behavior) with agility and finesse. This happens due ... This suggests that other areas, along with the mirror system are crucial to imitation behaviors. It has also been proposed that ... Thus, the neuron "mirrors" the behavior of the other, as though the observer were itself acting. Such neurons have been ...
Nervous system
Birds have been shown to have imitative resonance behaviors and neurological evidence suggests the presence of some form of ... Descartes believed that all of the behaviors of animals, and most of the behaviors of humans, could be explained in terms of ... A command neuron is a special type of identified neuron, defined as a neuron that is capable of driving a specific behavior ... Thus, the neuron "mirrors" the behavior of the other, as though the observer were itself acting. Such neurons have been ...
Developmental differences in solitary facial expressions
Hamilton, M. L. (1973). "Imitative behavior and expressive ability in facial expression of emotion". Developmental Psychology. ... The ability to regulate expressions of sadness in order to provoke comforting behavior from caregivers can develop as young as ...
Echopraxia
If the imitative behavior continues beyond infanthood, it may be considered echopraxia. Echopraxia may be more easily ... Imitation can be divided into two types: imitative learning and automatic imitation. Imitative learning occurs when a person ... of the brain that may influence imitative behaviors, but no widely accepted neural or computational models have been put ... because their behaviors in relation to prior behaviors can be differentiated. They report feeling an uncontrollable urge to ...
Social learning in animals
... understanding of intentionality of action in other members of a social group influences their imitative behaviors. As a ... Adults only display teaching behavior in response to pup begging calls, and adults modify their specific teaching behaviors ... that seems important for more complex and efficient imitative behaviors. Behavioral mechanisms have also been studied. Cecilia ... This behavior is shown by an ant who has located a food source in order to guide a naive ant to the desired location. The ...
Peking opera
However, in accordance with the overriding principle of beauty, such behaviors are stylized to be presented on stage. Peking ... Peking opera should be suggestive, not imitative. The literal aspects of scenes are removed or stylized to better represent ... Many performances deal with behaviors that occur in daily life. ...
Observational learning
Herman (2002) suggested that bottlenose dolphins produce goal-emulated behaviors rather than imitative ones. A dolphin that ... Finally, a behavior's stability in animal culture depends on the context in which they learn a behavior. If a behavior has ... To count acquired behavior as cultural, two conditions need must be met: the behavior must spread in a social group, and that ... The fact that the behavior is rewarding has a role in cultural stability as well. The ability for socially-learned behaviors to ...
Transformational theory of imitation
Bandura's theory also claims reinforcement is not necessary in the maintenance of imitative behavior. Rather, it is the ... that can serve as a sort of standard for the behavior A model must imitate the behavior of the demonstrator acquired from the ... A model must give attention to the demonstrator's behavior A model must store that behavior in the form of a "symbolic ... What there is not, however, is specificity in regards to how this behavior moves from one piece to the next. It is unclear as ...
Allelomimetic behavior
It is often referred to as synchronous behavior, mimetic behavior, imitative behavior, and social facilitation. Allelomimetic ... Allelomimetic behavior or allomimetic behavior is a range of activities in which the performance of a behavior increases the ... Patterns of allelomimetic behavior can vary from species to species and can possibly explain other behaviors seen in the animal ... Repeating this behavior as needed will eventually allow the horse to fully incorporate the owner's fearless behavior into its ...
Echolalia
... "subsets of imitative behavior" whereby sounds or actions are imitated "without explicit awareness". Echolalia may be an ... "observer acquires new behaviors through imitation" and mimicry or automatic imitation occurs when a "reenacted behavior is ... It is not possible to distinguish the imitative learning form of echolalia that occurs as part of normal development from ... Although echolalia can be an impairment, the symptoms can involve a large selection of underlying meanings and behaviors across ...
Imitation
Imitative learning also plays a crucial role in the development of cognitive and social communication behaviors, such as ... is a behavior whereby an individual observes and replicates another's behavior. Imitation is also a form of that leads to the " ... the child is very likely to continue performing the same behavior or action. The behavior "has been reinforced (i.e. ... More specifically, these behaviors are usually unique to the species and can be complex in nature and can benefit the ...
V. S. Ramachandran
... and imitative behaviors". CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 24 (10): 669-676. doi:10.1111/cns.13037. PMC 6489775. PMID 29963752 ... Brain-Behavior Correlations". Neuron. 45 (6): 975-85. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.008. PMID 15797557. S2CID 8228084. Hubbard, ... The Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (editor-in-chief), four-volume second edition, 2012 (ISBN 978-0123750006). Body image Oliver ...
Wolfgang Prinz
Decety, J., & Grèzes, J. (2006). The power of simulation: Imagining one's own and other's behavior. Brain Research, 1079, 4-14 ... Meltzoff, A. & Prinz, W. (2002). "The Imitative Mind: Development, Evolution and Brain Bases." Cambridge: Cambridge University ... Does consciousness cause behavior? (pp. 257-276). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Bosbach, S., Cole, J., Prinz, W., & ...
René Girard
He posits that intensified conflict is a product of the imitative behaviors of Israelis and Palestinians, entitling them " ...
Yahgan language
Several bird names are perhaps reduplications of calls (or other nonvocal behavior), and there are a couple of imitative cries ... There is little direct onomatopoeia recorded by Bridges, despite descriptions of highly animated imitative behavior on the part ...
Theory of mind
Other paradigms look at rates of imitative behavior, the ability to replicate and complete unfinished goal-directed acts, and ... It enables one to understand that mental states can be the cause of-and so can be used to explain and predict-the behavior of ... Theory of mind is a "theory" because the behavior of the other person, such as their statements and expressions, is the only ... Being able to attribute mental states to others and understanding them as causes of behavior implies, in part, that one must be ...
Arthur (TV series)
Because "Arthur" presents real childhood issues, the show contains some imitative behavior such as name calling or bickering, ... Arthur presents issues and situations kids can relate to, and teaches positive behaviors and responses to these issues in a ... "Media Exposure, Aggression and Prosocial Behavior During Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Study". Social Development. 15 (4) : ...
Social aspects of television
Savage, J (2008). "The role of exposure to media violence in the etiology of violent behavior: A criminologist weighs in". ... Television, as well as influencing its viewers, evoked an imitative response from other competing media as they struggle to ... television viewing of sexual media had no impact on teen sexual behavior in a longitudinal analysis. Many studies have found ... which were learned through the dialogue and behavior of their favorite on-screen characters. Research has been conducted to ...
Suicide prevention
Improving reporting and portrayals of negative behavior, suicidal behavior, mental illness and substance abuse in the ... Postvention is also provided to minimize the risk of imitative or copycat suicides, but there is a lack of evidence based ... There are multiple talk therapies that reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors including dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). ... This behavior has the potential to aid an individual's capability for suicide and can be considered as a suicide warning, when ...
3 Women
Once sent home to live with Millie again, Pinky copies Millie's mannerisms and behavior-drinking and smoking, sleeping with ... Millie becomes increasingly frustrated by Pinky's imitative shift in personality and begins to exhibit Pinky's timid and ...
Postvention
... reduce the risk of imitative suicidal behavior, and promote the healthy recovery of the affected community. Postvention can ...
Abang (orangutan)
... a case of imitative learning it would be misleading to think of Abang's behavior solely as parrot-fashion learning. … apes ... through imitative learning, to use a stone to hammer a flake from a flint and use this flake as a tool to open a box. The ... "Imitative Learning of a Flaked Stone Technology - The Case of an Orangutan". Mankind. 8 (4): 296-306. doi:10.1111/j.1835- ...
13 Reasons Why
... "imitative" behaviors among high school students and vulnerable people. Prior to the series' release, scholars had studied the ... The effect that fiction can have on suicidal thoughts and behaviors is probably smaller than that of other psychological and ... Evidence to support the existence of a relationship between fictional media exposure and suicide behaviors remained weak and a ... School counselors are often portrayed as ineffective or clueless in popular culture, Moen says, but Porter's behavior in the ...
Josephine Ball
The goal of the expedition for Yerkes was to establish a long-term colony to observe behavior of apes. In 1927, Ball moved to ... She also documented a case of imitative learning in the monkey (1938). In addition, throughout the 1930s and early 1940s she ... Beach once commented at a meeting that if a conference on reproductive behavior had been held in the 1930s, it would have three ... Ball's research on the role of hormones and behavior was some of the earliest in the field, contemporaneous with work of Willam ...
Tatian
Greek theology, then, is seen not as a praeparatio evangelica but as a degradatio mosaica, that is, as an imitative corruption ... who impinge on the deviation of human behavior and are the ones who manage the destructive and evil culture of the whole Greek ...
Social cue
Camras, L.A.; Sachs, V.B. (1991). "Social referencing and caretaker expressive behavior in a day care setting". Infant Behavior ... or imitative play that is appropriate for their age and developmental level Restricted repetitive and stereotyped models of ... Once a set of verbal and nonverbal behaviors takes place in a classroom on a consistent basis, it becomes a norm/set of rules ... "Acting Out Behavior - Why Misreading Social Cues Leads to Behavioral Problems". Empoweringparents.com. 1970-01-01. Retrieved ...
History of slavery
... life and behavior with crude passing generalizations about the life and behavior of their black slaves. Historians James Oliver ... imitative of whites. Thus Ulrich B. Phillips, the era's most celebrated and influential expert on slavery, combined a ...
Historiography of the United States
... life and behavior with crude passing generalizations about the life and behavior of their black slaves. Historians James Oliver ... imitative of whites. Thus Ulrich B. Phillips, the era's most celebrated and influential expert on slavery, combined a ... Much of the attention is devoted to individual behavior, and how the intermingling of classes and ethnic groups operated inside ... which emphasizes language and the importance of beliefs and assumptions and their causal role in group behavior. It is often ...
Mirror stage
... but could simply be the child's observation of observed behavior in the imitative gestures of another child or elder. The ... not until the 1960s would the larger scientific community believe that animal behavior offered any insights into human behavior ... the study of animal behavior) and a precursor of both cognitive psychology and evolutionary psychology. In the 1930s, ...
Bobo doll experiment
His research found that behavior is influenced by observing the behavior of others and imitating it. Central to this theory is ... The number of imitative verbal aggressions exhibited by the boys was much more than by the girls. Additionally, the results ... or the act of imitating a behavior observed in another person after witnessing that person be reinforced for said behavior. In ... Examples of this aggressive behavior include hitting or punching the Bobo doll and using the toy mallet to hit the Bobo doll in ...
Indigenous psychology
... is defined by Kim and Berry as "the scientific study of human behavior or mind that is native, that is ... imitative, and explicative nature of psychological research that is deeply rooted in Western psychology; self-reflection on ... and self-destructive behavior that some people seek to numb with alcohol. Napoleon writes: "Yuuyaraq (the way of the human ... behaviors, beliefs, expectations, and values of the members of each unique culture" Kim, Yang and Hwang (2006) distinguish 10 ...
Great potoo
... for their camouflaged imitative perch. In the day they are normally found perching or nesting usually higher than 12 meters ... Few details are known of the brooding behavior, but about a month elapses before the offspring is seen alone at the nest. A ...
Aude Billard
This framework ensures that the behavior of one robot takes into account its previous interactions, since behaviors are ... or perform specific imitative movements. During her brief postdoctoral work back at EPFL, Billard proposes a theoretical ... learn both low-level motor patterns during specific behaviors as well as the probability of a transition to the next behavior ... produced more life-like behaviors in a social learning task. Using biologically inspired robotic models, Billard has been able ...
Humour
Being reflective of or imitative of reality Surprise/misdirection, contradiction/paradox, ambiguity. Farce Hyperbole Metaphor ... Evolution and Human Behavior. 27: 29-39. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.06.002. Kuiper & Martin (1993). "Humor and self- ...
Mimetic theory
In his study of history, Girard formed the hypothesis that societies unify their imitative desires around the destruction of a ... The mimetic theory of desire, an explanation of human behavior and culture, originated with the French historian, literary ...
Classical Greek sculpture
Asking Kleiton how he managed to reproduce an appearance of life in his statues summed up the whole problem of the imitative ... various musical modes impressed the soul in different ways and were able to induce psychological states and defined behaviors, ...
Republic (Plato)
Their challenge begins and propels the dialogues; in answering the challenge, of the "charge", Socrates reveals his behavior ... Socrates finally rejects any form of imitative art and concludes that such artists have no place in the just city. He continues ... since proper education ensures lawful behavior, and poor education causes lawlessness (425a-425c). Socrates proceeds to search ...
Associative sequence learning
For example, humans are typically quicker at making imitative responses relative to comparable non-imitative responses. This ... Advances in the Study of Behavior, 29, 215-245 Heyes, C. M. (2001) Causes and consequences of imitation. Trends in Cognitive ... Heyes and colleagues have also shown that a number of imitative effects, thought to be mediated by the mirror system, may be ... the reaction time advantage for imitative responses may be abolished. Similar counter-mirror training has also been shown to ...
Bilingual method
Learning the local language is considered a sure way to improve behavior management skills. It also helps in delivering ... Alexander, Loren & Butzkamm, Wolfgang (1983) Progressing from imitative to creative exercises. A presentation of the bilingual ...
Right hemisphere brain damage
In a motoric-imitative approach, the client imitates clinician-modeled sentences produced with target emotional prosody. ... verbal behavior in aphasia. Applied Psycholinguistics. pp. 311-331. Manasco, M. H. (2014). Introduction to Neurogenic ... Research thus far has focused primarily on motoric-imitative and cognitive-linguistic approaches to prosody treatment. ... Adults with right hemisphere damage may exhibit behavior that can be characterized by insensitivity to others and preoccupation ...
BELBIC
By integrating imitative learning and fuzzy inference systems, BELBIC is generalized in order to be capable of controlling ... Mower, O. H. (1973) [1960], Learning Theory and Behavior, New York: Wiley Rolls, E. T. (1995), "A theory of Emotion and ... 6th International Conference on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press. ... "Imitative Learning Based Emotional Controller for Unknown Systems with Unstable Equilibrium" (PDF), International Journal of ...
Virtue signalling
Other cultural evolutionary models show that prestige and success biases may combine with imitative learning and virtue- ... "self-glorifying online behavior." Psychologists Jillian Jordan and David Rand argued that virtue signalling is separable from ...
List of characters in mythology novels by Rick Riordan
The two are currently in a fight due to Leo's disrespectful behavior towards women, but both Leo and Reyna are sure that they ... Hecate brings him back to life in an imitative human body so that he can live on as Alabaster's protector. Julian Ramirez- ... As a result of his antagonistic behavior, the Kanes wrongly suspect him of being the host of Set in The Red Pyramid. After ... As time goes on, Octavian's actions and behavior grow more and more insane and he eventually declares himself Pontifex Maximus ...
Sus (genus)
... possibly imitative of pig noise; note that Sanskrit sukharah means "maker of (the sound) su". An adjectival form is porcine. ... the genomes of domestic pigs have strong signatures of selection at DNA loci that affect behavior and morphology. The study ...
Mimesis
Coleridge claims: [T]he composition of a poem is among the imitative arts; and that imitation, as opposed to copying, consists ... In Things Hidden Since the Foundation of the World (1978), René Girard posits that human behavior is based upon mimesis, and ... are wholly imitative types; the dithyramb is wholly narrative; and their combination is found in epic poetry. When reporting or ...
Neuro-linguistic programming
... behavior as well as effective or skillful behavior.: 36 Behavior (in self and others) can be modified by manipulating these ... NLP utilizes an imitative method of learning-termed modeling-that is claimed to be able to codify and reproduce an exemplar's ... and non-verbal behavior (e.g., matching and mirroring non-verbal behavior, or responding to eye movements) of the client.: 8, ... Science and Behavior Books Inc. ISBN 978-0-8314-0044-6. Bandler, Richard (1993). Time for a Change. Meta Pubns. p. vii. ISBN ...
Reduplication
Canonical/reduplicated babbling also appears at a time when general rhythmic behavior, such as rhythmic hand movements and ... or imitative (e.g., tamtam, tomtom). Another example is a former safe sex campaign slogan in Flanders: Eerst bla-bla, dan boem- ...
Cultural neuroscience
... and cognitive neuroscience to study sociocultural influences on human behaviors. Such impacts on behavior are often measured ... imitative learning) and neuroanthropologists examining how embedded culture, as captured by cross-species comparison and ... Evolution and Human Behavior. 20 (5): 309-324. doi:10.1016/s1090-5138(99)00015-x. Chiao, J. Y.; Blizinsky, K. D. (2009). " ... and behavior, and how do neurobiological mechanisms (e.g., genetic and neural processes) facilitate the emergence and ...
Terne
Today's main reason and benefit of the tin coating is its aesthetic behavior. Tin develops a natural matte grey patina when ... Imitative Architectural Materials 1870-1930. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-62190-157-0. Look up ...
Andrew N. Meltzoff
The imitative mind: Development, evolution, and brain bases. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80685-2 ... According to the abstract, Infants between 12 and 21 days of age can imitate both facial and manual gestures; this behavior ... Such imitation implies that human neonates can equate their own unseen behaviors with gestures they see others perform. Six ... Meltzoff, A.N., & Moore, M.K. (1994). "Imitation, memory, and the representation of persons". Infant Behavior and Development, ...
Browsing by Subject "Imitative Behavior"
Results of search for 'su:{Imitative behavior.}'
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Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network,...
At least two behaviors coded with a minimum of one Social and either one Communication and/or one Restricted Behavior/Interest ... Lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play appropriate to developmental level. ... At least six behaviors coded with a minimum of two Social, one Communication, and one Restricted Behavior/Interest; AND ... A child is considered to meet the surveillance case definition for ASD if he or she displays behaviors, as described on one or ...
10 Pop Songs Banned by Governments - Listverse
The song is "about how innocent acts could be misconstrued as deviant behavior in the stiff 1950s," a Decades website article ... If anything, the well-groomed appearance of the young men in their stylish clothes and imitative gangsta-style bravado suggest ... Apparently, even a parody of violence and bad behavior is too much for South Korean officials.[3] ... Government-owned newspapers throughout the islands criticized the allegedly rude musicians boorish behavior. Two concerts ...
public health - Hypos Blog
Published Research | School of Social Work
ARPA | IntelligentHQ
PEPSIC - pepsic.bvsalud.org
Did MS Invent Anything? - MozillaZine Talkback
Recommendations for a Community Plan/Prevention of Suicide Clusters
Fictional suicide and imitative effects. Am J Psychiatry 1988 (in press). *Dunne EJ, McIntosh JL, Dunne-Maxim K, eds. Suicide ... Platt S. Suicidal behavior and unemployment: a literature review. In: Wescott G, Svensson P-G, Zollner HFK, eds. Health policy ... Such revelations can only make imitative suicides more likely and are unnecessary to a presentation of the manner of death.. E ... These differences are primarily attributable to the potentially contagious nature of suicidal behavior and to the stigma and ...
Small group therapy
SCREEN IT! ARTISTIC REVIEW: THE LADIES MAN
DeCS
The Theoretical Principles of the Body-Centered Therapy to Promote Affective Attunement in Children with Autism Spectrum...
Reading childs behavior not only by administering tests but also through careful clinical observations allows a better ... In this view, the autistic behavior is an adaptive response to empathic imbalance. Avoidance behavior, obsessive interests, and ... so that the imitative conducts can be considered as precursors of the ego adaptation processes. ... Reading childs behavior not only by administering tests but also through careful clinical observations allows a better ...
Search
The Impacts of Perceived Ethical Climate and Codes of Ethics on Employees' Deviant Behaviors in Organizations | LUMEN...
Bandura A. Influence of models reinforcement contingencies on the acquisition of imitative responses. Journal of Personality ... Prosocial behavior, noncompliant behavior, and work performance among commission sales people. Journal of Applied Psychology. ... Dysfunctional behavior in organizations: Violent and deviant behavior. Elsevier Science/JAI Press; 1998. ... The Impacts of Perceived Ethical Climate and Codes of Ethics on Employees Deviant Behaviors in Organizations * Seçil Taştan ...
Neurônios-Espelho
Second, we highlight imitative and contagious behaviors observed in nonhuman primates and other social animals commonly used as ... Imitative and contagious behaviors in animals and their potential roles in the study of neurodevelopmental disorders. ... Taken together, this review furthers the understanding of imitative and contagious behaviors. We hope to prompt and guide ... Social learning in the forms of imitative and contagious behaviors are essential for learning abilities and social interaction ...
Nitrous oxide for dental treatment in patients with infantile autism: a literature review
Sanefuji W, Ohgami H. Imitative behaviors facilitate communicative gaze in children with autism. Inf Ment Health Journal. 2011; ... Behavior characteristics. The term autism comes from the Greek autos and denotes the behavior of "turn to himself" 45. It is ... Among the behavior managements of the patient with autism, there are the psychological, which are the same used in pediatric ... This study aimed to review the literature on the use of conscious sedation with nitrous oxide gas as an adjunct in the behavior ...
Observational Learning - General Psychology
The individuals performing the imitated behavior are called models. Research suggests that this imitative learning involves a ... There were two types of responses by the children to the teachers behavior. When the teacher was punished for her bad behavior ... A verbal instructional model does not perform the behavior, but instead explains or describes the behavior, as when a soccer ... Bandura researched modeling behavior, particularly childrens modeling of adults aggressive and violent behaviors (Bandura, ...
Hi Everyone
Punishment ALWAYS Deranges Behavior. NO! Does NOT Have Any Behavi***Function EXCEPT To DERANGE Behaviors. SEE? HERES HOWE ... punishment procedure developing imitative speech in two severly disturbed non verbal schizophrenic boys. After twenty-six days ... see these behaviors in hyenas (who arent dog related). You see these behaviors in human managed animals, especially animals ... And if it is DANGEROUS behavior that Im trying to modify, behavior than can get the dog KILLED, I will resort to ANYTHING to ...
ADW: Psittacus erithacus: INFORMATION
In a study preformed by Irene Pepperberg (2007), African grey parrots were tested on insightful behavior and imitative ... Biology of Behavior, 4: 261-269. Hallander, J. 2001. "Flock Behavior: How it Affects our Companion Parrots" (On-line). The Grey ... Behavior. Wild African grey parrots are very shy and rarely allow humans to approach them. They are highly social and nest in ... africangreys.com/behavior/flocks.htm. . Juste, J. 1995. Trade in the Gray Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) on the Island of ...
Blog | Martin Backhausen
Platonic music theory says music stimulates the same emotions as human expressive behavior, therefore its influence on the soul ... Ancient Greeks believed that musics emotional power was due to its imitative nature. ... Furthermore, unsuccessful practices encourage destructive behaviors that hinder performance and necessitate additional practice ...
Layoff Brain - by Anne Helen Petersen - Culture Study
If we understand layoffs as irrational - and generally the result of imitative behavior, in which companies compete to signal ... Actually were not, but weve spent the last year talking about how we will be, which has the effect of altering behavior as if ... or otherwise nonsensical start-up behaviors. I watched entire departments unceremoniously let go because they werent making ...
PDF) Methamphetamines - Macomb Intermediate School District Drug Exposure Tool Kit.pdf · Prenatal Drug Exposure Tool Kit May...
... verbalize the expected behavior; reflect the childs feelings. Praise attempts toward adaptive behavior. Set consistent limits ... The emergence of symbolic play can be delayed with a lack in imitative play. These children do not demonstrate interactive ... 2. Be aware of signs of escalated behavior and frantic distress states before they occur, e.g., ling, irritability, increased ... Frustration is a common behavior of these children with expressive and receptive language problems due to the inability to ...
Assessment and Treatment of Brain Injury in Women Impacted by Intimate Partner Violence and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder -...
... and imitative behavior. ... Aggression and Violent Behavior, 34, 178-184. doi:10.1016/j.avb ... Ethics & Behavior, 27, 43-52, doi:10.1080/10508422.2016.1185012. McLeod, A. L., Hays, D. G., & Chang, C. Y. (2010). Female ... experience more negative alterations to social and play behavior, including more exclusion and rejection in social situations ( ... and gently provide redirection of behavior (BIAV, 2010). Implementing techniques that involve feedback and redirection also can ...
Haifeng Xu - Google Scholar
Bobo Doll Experiment > Assisted Self...
... that children who were exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to show imitative aggressive behavior themselves. ... showed little imitative aggressive behavior. This finding partially proved prediction two, with children exposed to a passive ... The final behaviors studied were modes of aggression, shown by the subject, which were not direct imitations of the role- ... Bandura believed that children would be much more likely to copy the behavior of a role model of the same sex. He wanted to ...
Timecourse of mirror and counter-mirror effects measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation. - Department of Experimental...
What should my baby be doing at 7 weeks? - Mom and babyRestricted and repetitive1
- The proposed DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorders have been reduced so that the ASD symptoms are best represented in a two-domain model of social-communication deficits and restricted and repetitive interests/behaviors (RRB). (scirp.org)
Imitate2
- Imitative behavior: Individuals can model the behavior of other members of the group or observe and imitate the behavior of the therapist. (jeannaymark.com)
- He wanted to show, by using aggressive and non-aggressive actors, that a child would tend to imitate and learn from the behavior of a trusted adult. (explorable.com)
Individuals2
- The dental care of these individuals is challenging because of the difficulty in social relationship presented, so that the use of auxiliary pharmacological means, as the use of conscious sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen is indicated in managing the behavior of the patient with infantile autism. (bvsalud.org)
- The individuals performing the imitated behavior are called models. (ucf.edu)
Violent3
- CT 127's hip hop hit " Cherry Bomb " has been decried by South Korean government officials who banned it as being violent and for encouraging "bad behavior among youth. (listverse.com)
- Dysfunctional behavior in organizations: Violent and deviant behavior. (lumenpublishing.com)
- The final prediction was that male children would tend to be more aggressive than female children, because society has always tolerated and advocated violent behavior in men more than women. (explorable.com)
Behavioral1
- We used a transdiagnostic ecological approach to enrich a specific behavioral phenotype (echophenomena or hyper-imitative states) across clinical diagnoses (mania and schizophrenia) to compare behavioral and physiological markers of social cognition and frontal disinhibition. (bvsalud.org)
Adult2
- For this purpose, Bandura designed the Bobo Doll Experiment to try and prove that children would copy an adult role model's behavior. (explorable.com)
- Children witnessing an adult role model behaving in an overly aggressive manner would be likely to replicate similar behavior themselves, even if the adult was not present. (explorable.com)
Verbal1
- A verbal instructional model does not perform the behavior, but instead explains or describes the behavior, as when a soccer coach tells his young players to kick the ball with the side of the foot, not with the toe. (ucf.edu)
Childhood2
- Introduction: Childhood autism is a neurodevelopment disorder with characteristic symptoms, e.g.: impairments in social interaction and communication, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. (bvsalud.org)
- Within the group, each member can explore how childhood experiences contributed to personality and behaviors. (jeannaymark.com)
Diagnostic1
- Otherwise, the risk is to define a diagnostic framework only for the presence of symptomatic behaviors, without considering a causal elaboration for each behavior, without highlighting the potential present and without a precise definition of the areas that need intervention in terms of priority in the genesis of the disorder. (scirp.org)
Ethics1
- In the light of the previous literature study, several factors that have been associated with employee deviance have been reviewed and it was seen that workplace ethics was examined as a contextual variable influencing such behaviors in the organizations. (lumenpublishing.com)
Learn2
- b) Models don't have to be present for learning to occur: through symbolic modeling, this child can learn a behavior by watching someone demonstrate it on television. (ucf.edu)
- They can also learn to avoid behaviors that are destructive or unhelpful in their real life. (jeannaymark.com)
Social3
- Social facilitation and imitative behavior. (bvsalud.org)
- Reading child's behavior not only by administering tests but also through careful clinical observations allows a better understanding of the communication and social difficulties present in autistic children. (scirp.org)
- The Bobo Doll Experiment was performed in 1961 by Albert Bandura, to try and add credence to his belief that all human behavior was learned, through social imitation and copying, rather than inherited through genetic factors. (explorable.com)
Human1
- This spider monkey learned to drink water from a plastic bottle by seeing the behavior modeled by a human. (ucf.edu)
Search1
- Results of search for 'su:{Imitative behavior. (who.int)
Model3
- A live model demonstrates a behavior in person, as when Ben stood up on his surfboard so that Julian could see how he did it. (ucf.edu)
- A symbolic model can be fictional characters or real people who demonstrate behaviors in books, movies, television shows, video games, or Internet sources (Figure 2). (ucf.edu)
- Bandura believed that children would be much more likely to copy the behavior of a role model of the same sex. (explorable.com)
Children1
- Conclusion: The conscious sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen, as an auxiliary method in the behavior management of children with autism is a secure and effective option, through previous evaluation of the individual, in order to achieve the expected results. (bvsalud.org)
Group2
- Development of socialization techniques: The group setting is a great place to practice new behaviors. (jeannaymark.com)
- During the meetings, both from the perspective of the coordinators and the group members, the same therapeutic factors were identified: instillation of hope, universality, information sharing, interpersonal learning, group cohesion, existential factors, altruism, development of socialization techniques and imitative behavior. (bvsalud.org)
Method1
- By simply observing the other chimps and modeling their behavior, they learned that this was a more efficient method of getting juice (Yamamoto, Humle, and Tanaka, 2013). (ucf.edu)
Perform1
- Objective: To perform comprehensive literature review on the use of conscious sedation with nitrous oxide as an adjunct in the behavior of the patient with infantile autism. (bvsalud.org)
Journal1
- Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression. (lumenpublishing.com)
Repetitive2
- Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by primary impairments in social interactions, communication, and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). (nih.gov)
- Introduction: Childhood autism is a neurodevelopment disorder with characteristic symptoms, e.g.: impairments in social interaction and communication, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. (bvsalud.org)
Deficits2
- Neurobiological theories are taking precedence in causation studies as researchers look to abnormalities in brain development as the cause of deficits in social behavior, cognitive processes, and language. (nih.gov)
- In addition, autism often results in significant disability, including intellectual deficits, language and adaptive behavior deficits, as well as problem behaviors. (nih.gov)
Mechanisms3
- The findings shed light on the neural circuits and mechanisms of itch, and also of socially contagious behaviors. (nih.gov)
- The brain mechanisms underlying the mimicking of certain behaviors isn't fully understood. (nih.gov)
- More research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of contagious behaviors in mice and whether these are the same for other social animals. (nih.gov)
Social2
- Certain behaviors seem to be contagious among social animals. (nih.gov)
- The dental care of these individuals is challenging because of the difficulty in social relationship presented, so that the use of auxiliary pharmacological means, as the use of conscious sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen is indicated in managing the behavior of the patient with infantile autism. (bvsalud.org)
Autism4
- Objective: To perform comprehensive literature review on the use of conscious sedation with nitrous oxide as an adjunct in the behavior of the patient with infantile autism. (bvsalud.org)
- Conclusion: The conscious sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen, as an auxiliary method in the behavior management of children with autism is a secure and effective option, through previous evaluation of the individual, in order to achieve the expected results. (bvsalud.org)
- Generally, the treatment of these patients is difficult because of the difficulties related to the interaction of people with autism and their difficult behavior 5, 9, 12, 31, 36, 39, 40 . (bvsalud.org)
- Among the behavior managements of the patient with autism, there are the psychological, which are the same used in pediatric dentistry, such as: tell-show-do, distraction, desensitization, voice control, positive reinforcement or gratification and modeling. (bvsalud.org)
Individual1
- The mimicking of the behavior of one individual by another. (nih.gov)
Study2
- To study the molecules and brain circuits involved in contagious behaviors, a research team led by Dr. Zhou-Feng Chen of Washington University investigated whether itching is socially contagious in mice, as it is in people and other primates. (nih.gov)
- To measure information-seeking behavior, the study looked at visits to the Suicide Prevention Resource Center (SPRC) and Suicide Awareness Voices of Education (SAVE) websites. (nih.gov)
Secure1
- In Alcoholics Anonymous, a safe, supportive, and respectful environment may promote the development of more secure and assertive behaviors, rather than overly aggressive, passive, or passive-aggressive posturing. (bvsalud.org)
Brain1
- Researchers examined the brain activity of the mice imitating the scratching behaviors. (nih.gov)
