Imino acids are organic compounds containing a nitrogen atom in their structure, classified as derivatives of amino acids, where the carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom instead of a hydrogen atom, forming a characteristic imino functional group.
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-amino acids to their corresponding α-keto acids, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide, playing a crucial role in the metabolism of non-proteinogenic D-amino acids.
Sugars in which the OXYGEN is replaced by a NITROGEN atom. This substitution prevents normal METABOLISM resulting in inhibition of GLYCOSIDASES and GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES.
Pipecolic acids are cyclic amino acids, specifically a derivative of L-lysine, that can function as an indicator of certain metabolic disorders such as lysinuric protein intolerance and maple syrup urine disease.
A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.
Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting neutral amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, NEUTRAL).
Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.
An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity.
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).
The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.
The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.
Pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases by HYDROGEN BONDING in double-stranded DNA or RNA.
Five-carbon furanose sugars in which the OXYGEN is replaced by a NITROGEN atom.
Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.
A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.

Structure-function relationship in glycosylated alpha-chymotrypsin as probed by IMAC and IMACE. (1/217)

Chemical glycosylation of bovine alpha-chymotrypsin, by a glucosamine adduct on the carboxyl group, results in the modification of its catalytic activity. The structural alterations of alpha-chymotrypsin resulting from its glycosylation are studied by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) and immobilized metal-ion affinity capillary electrophoresis (IMACE). The chemical glycosylation of alpha-chymotrypsin generates two distinct subpopulations of the protein: one which totally loses the initial affinity for IDA-Cu(II) and another which exhibits an increased affinity for the metal chelate ligand.  (+info)

Enterogastric reflux mimicking gallbladder disease: detection, quantitation and potential significance. (2/217)

OBJECTIVE: Visualization of enterogastric reflux (EGR) may be present during hepatobiliary imaging. Reflux of bile may damage the gastric mucosa, altering its function, and cause such symptoms as epigastric pain, heartburn, nausea, intermittent vomiting and abdominal fullness. These symptoms also are associated with gallbladder disease. The aim of this study was to quantitate the EGR index (EGRI) and to determine if a difference exists in normal and abnormal responses using standard cholecystokinin (CCK)-augmented hepatobiliary imaging. METHODS: This study used 129 patients. LAO dynamic data on a 128 x 128 matrix at a rate of 1 frame/min were obtained. After the gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) was determined, the EGRI (%) was calculated by relating the counts in the gastric ROI to the counts in the hepatobiliary ROI at a specified time. The results were compared with the patient's final clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: Normal responders (GBEF > or = 35%) had a higher EGRI than abnormal responders with a P = 0.001 EGR observed in 75 patients (58.1%). Significant reflux (EGRI > or = 14.2% at 15 min) was observed in 29 additional patients (22.5%). Patients with EGRI > or = 24.5% showed a strong association with the pathophysiologic syndrome of gastritis, alkaline reflux, gastric ulcer and gastro esophageal reflux disease. There was no EGR observed in the remaining 25 patients (19.4%). CONCLUSION: This simple addition to the CCK-augmented hepatobiliary imaging may both detect and quantitate abnormal EGR as the cause of the patient's symptoms in the presence of a normal GBEF result, and/or those patients with risk factors for gastritis.  (+info)

The role of morphine-augmented cholescintigraphy and real-time ultrasound in detecting gallbladder disease. (3/217)

OBJECTIVE: Rapid diagnosis of acute cholecystitis is essential to minimize morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of cholescintigraphy using morphine augmentation compared with ultrasound, in acute and chronic gallbladder disease. METHODS: Cholescintigrams were performed on 103 patients suspected of having acute cholecystitis. In 79 patients (Group A) morphine sulfate was administered to reduce the scintigraphic imaging time if the gallbladder was not visualized during the first hour. In 24 control patients (Group B) no morphine was administered. All patients were evaluated clinically and 93 patients had concurrent ultrasound examination. RESULTS: The clinical presentation was nonspecific. The ultrasound findings were sensitive in detecting gallbladder disease (100%), but had low specificity (24%). Only findings of sediments and pericholecystic fluid were specific for cystic duct obstruction. Morphine augmentation reduced the imaging time by 126 min in patients with chronic cholecystitis. CONCLUSION: Real-time ultrasound has low specificity for gallbladder disease. In the presence of an abnormal ultrasound, it is essential to perform a hepatobiliary scan, either to exclude gallbladder disease or distinguish acute from chronic cholecystitis. Low-dose morphine administration is a safe and useful adjunct to standard cholescintigraphy by substantially reducing the time required to obtain a diagnostic study.  (+info)

Efficacy of morphine sulfate-augmented hepatobiliary imaging in acute cholecystitis. (4/217)

OBJECTIVE: A review of the English language literature was performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of morphine sulfate-augmented hepatobiliary imaging for acute cholecystitis. Twenty publications, involving 914 patients, were reviewed from journals published between 1984 and 1999. The analysis of these patients has resulted in the largest combined review study to date. The sensitivity and specificity of morphine-augmented hepatobiliary imaging were calculated to be 96.1% and 88.6%, respectively. After reading this paper, the nuclear medicine technologist should be able to: (a) discuss the clinical use of morphine augmentation during hepatobiliary imaging; and (b) state the sensitivity and specificity of morphine sulfate-augmented hepatobiliary imaging.  (+info)

Identification, purification, and characterization of iminodiacetate oxidase from the EDTA-degrading bacterium BNC1. (5/217)

Microbial degradation of synthetic chelating agents, such as EDTA and nitrilotriacetate (NTA), may help immobilizing radionuclides and heavy metals in the environment. The EDTA- and NTA-degrading bacterium BNC1 uses EDTA monooxygenase to oxidize NTA to iminodiacetate (IDA) and EDTA to ethylenediaminediacetate (EDDA). IDA- and EDDA-degrading enzymes have not been purified and characterized to date. In this report, an IDA oxidase was purified to apparent homogeneity from strain BNC1 by using a combination of eight purification steps. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a single protein band of 40 kDa, and by using size exclusion chromatography, we estimated the native enzyme to be a homodimer. Flavin adenine dinucleotide was determined as its prosthetic group. The purified enzyme oxidized IDA to glycine and glyoxylate with the consumption of O2. The temperature and pH optima for IDA oxidation were 35 degrees C and 8, respectively. The apparent Km for IDA was 4.0 mM with a kcat of 5.3 s(-1). When the N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined, it matched exactly with that encoded by a previously sequenced hypothetical oxidase gene of BNC1. The gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the gene product as a C-terminal fusion with a His tag was purified by a one-step nickel affinity chromatography. The purified fusion protein had essentially the same enzymatic activity and properties as the native IDA oxidase. IDA oxidase also oxidized EDDA to ethylenediamine and glyoxylate. Thus, IDA oxidase is likely the second enzyme in both NTA and EDTA degradation pathways in strain BNC1.  (+info)

A new crosslinker for mass spectrometric analysis of the quaternary structure of protein complexes. (6/217)

Mass spectrometric structural analysis of crosslinked peptides is a powerful method to elucidate the spatial arrangement of polypeptides in protein complexes. Our aim is to develop bifunctional crosslinkers that, after crosslinking protein complexes followed by proteolytic digestion, give rise to crosslinked peptides that can be readily tracked down by mass spectrometry. To this end we synthesized the crosslinker N-benzyliminodiacetoyloxysuccinimid (BID), which yields stable benzyl cation marker ions upon low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry. Sensitive detection of the marker ion upon low-energy CID is demonstrated with different BID-crosslinked peptide preparations. With BID it becomes possible to retrieve crosslinked and crosslinker-adducted peptides, without the necessity of purifying crosslinked peptides prior to identification. The basic design of this crosslinker can be varied upon, in order to meet specific crosslinking needs.  (+info)

Polymer properties on resins composed of UDMA and methacrylates with the carboxyl group. (7/217)

The properties of dental matrix resins have been improved by synthesis of new monomers. However, except for improvements in water-resistance, monomers with better mechanical properties than Bis-GMA and UDMA could not being synthesized. Changing the point of emphasis, we tried to improve the mechanical properties controlling the matrix resin higher structure using noncovalent bonds. We prepared a matrix resin structured by UDMA, which is a high viscosity base monomer with imino groups, and by a low viscosity acidic monomer with carboxyl groups, which permits noncovalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interaction with imino groups. The maximal mechanical strength for matrix resins structured by UDMA and an acidic monomer was obtained with a composition of imino groups and carboxyl groups at a ratio of 1:1. This mechanical strength value was higher than those obtained with UDMA resin or with a Bis-GMA/TEGDMA/UDMA resin with typical composition. The improvement in mechanical properties may be due to the complex based on noncovalent bonds, between the imino groups of UDMA and the carboxyl groups of the acidic monomers.  (+info)

99mTc-mebrofenin scintigraphy for evaluating liver disease in a rat model of Wilson's disease. (8/217)

The purpose of this study was to establish whether (99m)Tc-mebrofenin could noninvasively assess liver function in Wilson's disease. METHODS: Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, which reproduce Wilson's disease with copper toxicosis, and their normal counterparts, Long-Evans Agouti (LEA) rats, were studied. Scintigraphic findings were correlated with biliary mebrofenin excretion and residual organ counts and with hepatic copper content, histology, copper excretion capacity, and liver test results. RESULTS: Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were elevated in some LEC rats, whereas serum bilirubin levels were normal. Liver histology was normal in LEA rats, whereas LEC rats showed multiple abnormalities. Mebrofenin was incorporated rapidly in LEA rats, with a mean time to peak liver activity of 80 +/- 30 s, followed by prompt biliary excretion of the tracer. In LEC rats, the mean time to peak activity, 283 +/- 190 s, was significantly longer (P = 0.001). The time to half of peak activity, indicating tracer clearance, was significantly greater in LEC rats than in LEA rats (1,825 +/- 1,642 s vs. 524 +/- 82 s, P = 0.002). Hepatic mebrofenin handling correlated with hepatic copper content, histologic grade, copper excretion capacity, and serum ALT. CONCLUSION: Correlation of (99m)Tc-mebrofenin handling with liver morphology, function, and copper accumulation in LEC rats suggests that mebrofenin scintigraphy can be useful for noninvasively monitoring disease progression and therapeutic response in Wilson's disease. Although the data were obtained in an animal model of Wilson' disease, these biochemical parameters likely reflect liver damage in general, suggesting that there may be a role for mebrofenin scintigraphy in other chronic liver diseases as well.  (+info)

Imino acids are organic compounds that contain a nitrogen atom as part of an amide-like structure. They are structurally similar to amino acids, which contain a carboxyl group and an amino group, but instead of the amino group, imino acids have a structural unit known as an imine or Schiff base, which is a carbon-nitrogen double bond with a hydrogen atom attached to the nitrogen atom.

One example of an imino acid is proline, which is a cyclic imino acid that plays important roles in protein structure and function. Proline is unique among the 20 standard amino acids because its side chain is linked to the nitrogen atom of the backbone, forming a ring-like structure. This structural feature gives proline unique properties, such as restricted rotation around the bond between the nitrogen and alpha carbon atoms, which can affect protein folding and stability.

Other imino acids may be formed through chemical reactions or enzymatic processes, and they can play important roles in various biological pathways, including the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and other biomolecules. However, imino acids are not typically considered to be part of the standard set of 20 amino acids that make up proteins.

D-amino-acid oxidase (DAAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-amino acids to their corresponding α-keto acids, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the metabolism of D-amino acids in various organisms, including humans. In humans, DAAO is primarily expressed in the brain and contributes to the regulation of neurotransmitter levels and other physiological processes. Genetic variations and dysregulation of DAAO have been implicated in several neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Iminosugars are a class of naturally occurring compounds that are structural analogs of simple sugars (monosaccharides), in which the oxygen atom in the furan ring is replaced by a nitrogen atom. This small change in structure gives iminosugars unique biological properties, particularly their ability to inhibit carbohydrate-processing enzymes such as glycosidases and glycosyltransferases.

Iminosugars are found in various plants, animals, and microorganisms, and have been studied for their potential therapeutic applications in a variety of diseases, including diabetes, viral infections, and cancer. Some iminosugars have been shown to act as potent inhibitors of glycosidases involved in the replication of certain viruses, such as HIV and hepatitis C virus, making them promising candidates for antiviral therapy.

In addition, iminosugars have been investigated for their potential to modulate the immune system and reduce inflammation, which has led to interest in their use as therapeutic agents for autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory conditions. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and safety profiles of iminosugars before they can be widely used in clinical settings.

Pipicolic acid is not a term that refers to a specific medical condition or disease. Instead, it is a metabolite that is involved in the body's metabolic processes.

Pipicolic acid is a type of organic compound called a cyclic amino acid, which is derived from the amino acid lysine. It is produced in the liver and is excreted in urine. Pipicolic acid has been found to have various functions in the body, including regulating the metabolism of lipids and bile acids.

Abnormal levels of pipicolic acid in the body may be associated with certain medical conditions, such as liver disease or genetic disorders that affect amino acid metabolism. However, pipicolic acid is not typically used as a diagnostic marker for these conditions.

In summary, pipicolic acid is a cyclic amino acid produced in the liver and involved in various metabolic processes in the body. Abnormal levels of pipicolic acid may be associated with certain medical conditions but are not typically used as diagnostic markers.

Proline is an organic compound that is classified as a non-essential amino acid, meaning it can be produced by the human body and does not need to be obtained through the diet. It is encoded in the genetic code as the codon CCU, CCC, CCA, or CCG. Proline is a cyclic amino acid, containing an unusual secondary amine group, which forms a ring structure with its carboxyl group.

In proteins, proline acts as a structural helix breaker, disrupting the alpha-helix structure and leading to the formation of turns and bends in the protein chain. This property is important for the proper folding and function of many proteins. Proline also plays a role in the stability of collagen, a major structural protein found in connective tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and skin.

In addition to its role in protein structure, proline has been implicated in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, apoptosis, and oxidative stress response. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of other biologically important compounds such as hydroxyproline, which is found in collagen and elastin, and glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Neutral amino acid transport systems refer to a group of membrane transporters that facilitate the movement of neutral amino acids across cell membranes. Neutral amino acids are those that have a neutral charge at physiological pH and include amino acids such as alanine, serine, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, cysteine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan.

There are several different transport systems that have been identified for neutral amino acids, each with its own specificity and affinity for different amino acids. Some of the major neutral amino acid transport systems include:

1. System A: This transporter preferentially transports small, neutral amino acids such as alanine, serine, and threonine. It is found in many tissues, including the intestines, kidneys, and brain.
2. System B0+: This transporter preferentially transports large, neutral amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, and phenylalanine. It is found in many tissues, including the intestines, kidneys, and brain.
3. System L: This transporter preferentially transports large, neutral amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, and phenylalanine. It is found in many tissues, including the intestines, kidneys, and brain.
4. System y+: This transporter preferentially transports cationic amino acids such as lysine and arginine, but it can also transport some neutral amino acids. It is found in many tissues, including the intestines, kidneys, and brain.
5. System b0,+: This transporter preferentially transports cationic amino acids such as lysine and arginine, but it can also transport some neutral amino acids. It is found in many tissues, including the intestines, kidneys, and brain.

These transport systems play important roles in maintaining amino acid homeostasis in the body, as well as in various physiological processes such as protein synthesis, neurotransmitter synthesis, and cell signaling. Dysregulation of these transport systems has been implicated in several diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic disorders.

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They consist of a central carbon atom, also known as the alpha carbon, which is bonded to an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom (H), and a variable side chain (R group). The R group can be composed of various combinations of atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon, which determine the unique properties of each amino acid.

There are 20 standard amino acids that are encoded by the genetic code and incorporated into proteins during translation. These include:

1. Alanine (Ala)
2. Arginine (Arg)
3. Asparagine (Asn)
4. Aspartic acid (Asp)
5. Cysteine (Cys)
6. Glutamine (Gln)
7. Glutamic acid (Glu)
8. Glycine (Gly)
9. Histidine (His)
10. Isoleucine (Ile)
11. Leucine (Leu)
12. Lysine (Lys)
13. Methionine (Met)
14. Phenylalanine (Phe)
15. Proline (Pro)
16. Serine (Ser)
17. Threonine (Thr)
18. Tryptophan (Trp)
19. Tyrosine (Tyr)
20. Valine (Val)

Additionally, there are several non-standard or modified amino acids that can be incorporated into proteins through post-translational modifications, such as hydroxylation, methylation, and phosphorylation. These modifications expand the functional diversity of proteins and play crucial roles in various cellular processes.

Amino acids are essential for numerous biological functions, including protein synthesis, enzyme catalysis, neurotransmitter production, energy metabolism, and immune response regulation. Some amino acids can be synthesized by the human body (non-essential), while others must be obtained through dietary sources (essential).

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is an antagonist of the enzyme alpha-glucosidase, which is involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. DNJ is a naturally occurring compound found in some plants, including mulberry leaves and the roots of the African plant Moringa oleifera. It works by binding to the active site of alpha-glucosidase and inhibiting its activity, which can help to slow down the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine. This can help to reduce postprandial glucose levels (the spike in blood sugar that occurs after a meal) and may have potential benefits for the management of diabetes and other metabolic disorders. DNJ is also being studied for its potential anti-cancer effects.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that provides information about the biochemical composition of tissues, including their metabolic state. It is often used in conjunction with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to analyze various metabolites within body tissues, such as the brain, heart, liver, and muscles.

During MRS, a strong magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer are used to produce detailed images and data about the concentration of specific metabolites in the targeted tissue or organ. This technique can help detect abnormalities related to energy metabolism, neurotransmitter levels, pH balance, and other biochemical processes, which can be useful for diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic diseases.

There are different types of MRS, such as Proton (^1^H) MRS, Phosphorus-31 (^31^P) MRS, and Carbon-13 (^13^C) MRS, each focusing on specific elements or metabolites within the body. The choice of MRS technique depends on the clinical question being addressed and the type of information needed for diagnosis or monitoring purposes.

Nucleic acid conformation refers to the three-dimensional structure that nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) adopt as a result of the bonding patterns between the atoms within the molecule. The primary structure of nucleic acids is determined by the sequence of nucleotides, while the conformation is influenced by factors such as the sugar-phosphate backbone, base stacking, and hydrogen bonding.

Two common conformations of DNA are the B-form and the A-form. The B-form is a right-handed helix with a diameter of about 20 Å and a pitch of 34 Å, while the A-form has a smaller diameter (about 18 Å) and a shorter pitch (about 25 Å). RNA typically adopts an A-form conformation.

The conformation of nucleic acids can have significant implications for their function, as it can affect their ability to interact with other molecules such as proteins or drugs. Understanding the conformational properties of nucleic acids is therefore an important area of research in molecular biology and medicine.

Etiocholanolone is an endogenous steroid hormone, a metabolic breakdown product of both testosterone and androstenedione. It is a 5β-reduced derivative of androstanedione and is produced in the liver as well as in the gonads and the adrenal glands.

Etiocholanolone can be measured in urine to help evaluate for certain medical conditions, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia or adrenal cancer. Increased levels of etiocholanolone may indicate increased production of androgens, which can occur in conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, virilizing ovarian tumors, or congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

It is important to note that the measurement of etiocholanolone should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical and laboratory findings, as there are many factors that can affect its levels.

Base pairing is a specific type of chemical bonding that occurs between complementary base pairs in the nucleic acid molecules DNA and RNA. In DNA, these bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). Adenine always pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds, while guanine always pairs with cytosine via three hydrogen bonds. This precise base pairing is crucial for the stability of the double helix structure of DNA and for the accurate replication and transcription of genetic information. In RNA, uracil (U) takes the place of thymine and pairs with adenine.

Imino furanoses are not a recognized medical term, but they may be referred to in the field of biochemistry and carbohydrate research. In this context, imino furanoses are a type of sugar ring structure that contains an imine group (-C=N-) instead of the usual oxygen atom in the furanose form of sugars. Imino furanoses can be formed under certain conditions during chemical reactions involving carbohydrates, but they are not typically found in biological systems.

In the context of medicine, particularly in relation to cancer treatment, protons refer to positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Proton therapy, a type of radiation therapy, uses a beam of protons to target and destroy cancer cells with high precision, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The concentrated dose of radiation is delivered directly to the tumor site, reducing side effects and improving quality of life during treatment.

Hydrogen bonding is not a medical term per se, but it is a fundamental concept in chemistry and biology that is relevant to the field of medicine. Here's a general definition:

Hydrogen bonding is a type of attractive force between molecules or within a molecule, which occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine) and is then attracted to another electronegative atom. This attraction results in the formation of a partially covalent bond known as a "hydrogen bond."

In biological systems, hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in the structure and function of many biomolecules, such as DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates. For example, the double helix structure of DNA is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs (adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine). Similarly, the three-dimensional structure of proteins is maintained by a network of hydrogen bonds that help to determine their function.

In medical contexts, hydrogen bonding can be relevant in understanding drug-receptor interactions, where hydrogen bonds between a drug molecule and its target protein can enhance the binding affinity and specificity of the interaction, leading to more effective therapeutic outcomes.

D-Amino acid oxidase is an enzyme that is able to convert amino acids into imino acids. Also the direct biosynthetic precursor ... to the amino acid proline is the imino acid (S)-Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). Secondary amino acids, amino acids containing ... an imino acid is any molecule that contains both imine (>C=NH) and carboxyl (-C(=O)-OH) functional groups. Imino acids are ... The term imino acid is also the obsolete term for imidic acids, structures containing the -C(=NH)-OH group, and should not be ...
It is an imino acid. Begley, Tadhg P.; Ealick, Steven E. (2010). "Thiamin Biosynthesis". Comprehensive Natural Products II. pp ...
The term "imino acid" is an obsolete term for this group that should not be used in this context because it has a different ... the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006-) "Imino acids". doi:10.1351/goldbook.I02959 (Articles with short ... H2 Another way to form imidic acids is the reaction of carboxylic acids with azanone. For example, the reaction for carbamic ... In chemistry, an imidic acid is any molecule that contains the -C(=NH)-OH functional group. It is the tautomer of an amide and ...
"Sulfur-containing cyclic ketimines and imino acids. A novel family of endogenous products in the search for a role". European ... Sulfur amino acids, Thioethers, Alpha-Amino acids, Amino acid derivatives, Dicarboxylic acids). ... Lanthionine ketimine (3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid) is a naturally occurring sulfur amino acid metabolite ... In Sulfur Amino Acids: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects, Alan R. Liss Inc., pp. 355-364 Cavallini, Doriano; Ricci, Giorgio; ...
Rosenthal, Gerald (2003). "Toxic Constituents and their Related Metabolites". Plant Nonprotein Amino and Imino Acids: ...
Fowden, L. (1956). "Azetidine-2-carboxylic Acid: a New Cyclic Imino Acid Occurring in Plants". Biochemical Journal. 64 (2): 323 ... Alpha-Amino acids, Cyclic amino acids, Azetidines, Toxic amino acids, Non-proteinogenic amino acids, Plant toxins, Secondary ... γ-diaminobutyric acid dihydrochloride with a mixture of nitrous and hydrochloric acids to yield γ-amino-α-chlorobutyric acid, ... Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (abbreviated Aze or Azc) is a plant non-protein amino acid homologue of proline with the molecular ...
Rosenthal, Gerald A. (1982). Plant non-protein amino and imino acids: biological, biochemical, and toxicological properties. ... Alpha-Amino acids, Toxic amino acids, Non-proteinogenic amino acids). ... l-Canavaninosuccinic acid is cleaved to form l-canavanine by argininosuccinic acid synthetase. By these sequential reactions, ... l-Canaline (IUPAC name 2-amino-4-(aminooxy)butyric acid)) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid. The compound is found in legumes ...
For example Fowden, L (1956). "Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid: a new cyclic imino acid occurring in plants". Biochem. J. 64: 323- ... discovered several new plant amino and imino acids. Fowden isolated and characterized non-protein amino acids from a growing ... He set up a new lab where the main focus was on the identification and structural analysis of plant non-protein amino acids. He ... "To isolate an unusual amino acid from the seeds of the lychee (Litchi chinensis) he had to buy large quantities of the fruit ...
Secondary amino acid Imino acid Hydroxylysine R.H.A. Plimmer (1912) [1908]. R.H.A. Plimmer; F.G. Hopkins (eds.). The chemical ... Alpha-Amino acids, Cyclic amino acids, Pyrrolidines, Gamma hydroxy acids, Non-proteinogenic amino acids, Secondary amino acids ... In the canonical collagen Xaa-Yaa-Gly triad (where Xaa and Yaa are any amino acid), a proline occupying the Yaa position is ... 2S,4R)-4-Hydroxyproline, or L-hydroxyproline (C5H9O3N), is an amino acid, abbreviated as Hyp or O, e.g., in Protein Data Bank. ...
Whereas glutamic acid possess one γ-carboxyl group, Carboxyglutamic acid possess two. Hydroxyproline. This imino acid differs ... ic acid.) Most natural amino acids are α-amino acids in the L conformation, but some exceptions exist. Some non-α-amino acids ... Chemically synthesized amino acids can be called unnatural amino acids. Unnatural amino acids can be synthetically prepared ... and a carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional group is an amino acid. The proteinogenic amino acids are small subset of this group ...
It is important in collagen metabolism because of the high levels of imino acids. Mutations at the PEPD locus cause prolidase ... Proline and hydroyxyproline make up a quarter of the amino acid residues in collagen, which is the most abundant protein in the ... As shown in Intermediate I of the figure, three potential acidic amino acid residues interact with the N-terminus of the ... September 2000). "Long circulating liposomes encapsulating organophosphorus acid anhydrolase in diisopropylfluorophosphate ...
Isolation of a stable intermediate formed by reaction of the amidating enzyme with an imino acid". Eur. J. Biochem. 169 (3): ...
The mechanism proceeds via oxidative deamination of the L-amino acid, which affords an imino acid intermediate. Following ... an L-amino acid + H2O + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + H2O2 The enzyme was first described in ... One example of the enzyme in action occurs with the conversion L-alanine into pyruvic acid (2-oxopropanoic acid), as shown in ... whereas the three products are the corresponding α-keto acid (2-oxo acid), ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide. ...
This feature, unique to proline, identifies proline also as an imino acid. Hydroxyproline is another imino acid, made from the ... Imino acids typically contain an imine functional group, instead of the amino group found in amino acids. Proline is considered ... Here, system IMINO is thought to play a role in reduced penetrance of iminoglycinuria by compensating for imino acid ... and the imino acids proline and hydroxyproline. This results in excess urinary excretion of all three acids (-uria denotes "in ...
Synthesis of O,N- and N,N-acetals of α-keto-carboxylic acid nitriles as well as imino esters]. Chemische Berichte (in German). ... N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylformamidinium is a catalyst in the preparation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids and phosgene has ... EP 1124783, Henkelmann, J. & Stamm, A., "Method for producing carboxylic acid chlorides", issued 2001-08-22, assigned to BASF ... From N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylformamidinium and anhydrous hydrogen cyanide, dimethylaminomalonic acid dinitrile is obtained in 92% ...
... (systematic name 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) is a cyclic imino acid. Its conjugate ... "3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-01-23. Heacock, Anne M.; Williams, Irene H ... In most eukaryotes, GSA is synthesised from the amino acid glutamate by the bifunctional enzyme 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate ... to form P5C and an L-amino acid (typically glutamate). Under specific conditions, P5C may also be used for arginine ...
"H+/amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1) is the imino acid carrier: An intestinal nutrient/drug transporter in human and rat". ... Unlike most amino acid transporters in the exchange of Na+ with amino acid symporters, proton-coupled amino acid transporters ... The rat protein acid transporter (rPAT1) has been widely studied and an 85% amino acid sequence match was found between hPAT1 ... The human protein acid transporter (hPAT1) is 5585 base pairs long and codes for a protein 476 amino acids long. The ...
In enzymology, a N-methyl-L-amino-acid oxidase is an oxidase of a subtype of secondary amino acids. Imino acid Imidic acid ... D-alpha-amino acid - L-alpha-amino acid sequence can induce beta hairpin. It suggested that acyclic secondary amino acids are ... Proline is the only proteinogenic secondary amino acids. Other secondary amino acids are non-proteinogenic amino acids. In ... Secondary amino acids can be classified to cyclic acids, such as proline, and acyclic N-substituted amino acids. In nature, ...
Fields JH, Eng AK, Ramsden WD, Hochachka PW, Weinstein B (1980). "Alanopine and strombine are novel imino acids produced by a ...
2004). "H+/amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1) is the imino acid carrier: An intestinal nutrient/drug transporter in human and rat ... Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC36A1 gene. This gene encodes a member ... Boll M, Foltz M, Rubio-Aliaga I, Daniel H (2004). "A cluster of proton/amino acid transporter genes in the human and mouse ... The encoded protein functions as a proton-dependent, small amino acid transporter. This gene is clustered with related family ...
Enantioselective Alkylation of α-Imino Esters: The Synthesis of Nonnatural α-Amino Acid Derivatives". Journal of the American ... Evans, David A.; Lectka, Thomas; Miller, Scott J. (October 29, 1993). "Bis(imine)-copper(II) complexes as chiral lewis acid ... and β-amino acids. He presented the mechanism of the β-lactam development with proton sponge as the stoichiometric base, and ... he focused on the asymmetric catalysis of the Diels-Alder reaction using bisoxazoline and bisimine Lewis acid complexes. After ...
They also noted that according to the enzyme's specificity imino acids in the position next to the carboxyl terminus would not ... Eleven other amino acids were tested but none of them were more inhibitory. So it was proposed that succinyl amino acid ... L-benzylsuccinic acid (2(R)-benzyl-3-carboxypropionic acid) was described to be the most potent inhibitor of carboxypeptidase A ... Proline was chosen as the amino acid moiety because of its presence as the carboxy terminal amino acid residue in teprotide and ...
Varying the choice of the substituted phenylacetic acid imino ether affords compounds with a diversity of substituents on the ... The problem with the conventional synthesis was the lability of the imino ether reactant, 2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-acetimidic acid ... The imino ether, 2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-acetimidic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride, is prepared by dissolving the 4-substituted ... The reaction between the 2-(β-dialkylaminoalkylamine)-5-nitroaniline and the HCl salt of the imino ethyl ether results in the ...
Unlike alpha, monobasic (containing one amino group per molecule) amino acids, these amino (or imino) acids' nitrogens have ... With an amino acid the formaldehyde reacts with the amino group to form a methylene amino (R-N=CH2) group. The remaining acidic ... There has been some inaccuracies of the SFT caused by the differences in the basicity of the nitrogen in different amino acids ... The Sørensen formol titration(SFT) invented by S. P. L. Sørensen in 1907 is a titration of an amino acid with potassium ...
D-Amino-acid racemase, a PLP-dependent enzyme, racemizes amino acids via the formation of the alpha-iminoacids, where the ... The two major types of D-amino acids synthesized in and by mammals are D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) and D-serine (D-Ser). "D-Asp is ... D-Amino acids are amino acids where the stereogenic carbon alpha to the amino group has the D-configuration. For most naturally ... D-Amino acids are occasionally found in nature as residues in proteins. They are formed from ribosomally-derived D-amino acid ...
... but does not transport charged amino acids, imino acids, or N-alkylated amino acids. Alternative splicing results in multiple ... The protein encoded by this gene is a system N sodium-coupled amino acid transporter. The encoded protein transports glutamine ...
... producing imino acids, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide L-amino-acid oxidase, which catalyzes L-amino acids, producing keto acids ... a measure of level of consciousness Amino acid oxidase, any of several enzymes D-amino acid oxidase, which catalyzes D-amino ...
... imino acids MeSH D12.125.072.401.200 - azetidinecarboxylic acid MeSH D12.125.072.401.623 - proline MeSH D12.125.072.401.623.270 ... 2-aminoadipic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170 - aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170.150 - d-aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170.275 - ... aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.150 - d-aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.275 - isoaspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.400 ... aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.427.300 - glutamic acid MeSH D12.125.481.100 - allylglycine MeSH D12.125.481.700 - n-substituted ...
... amino acids went through oxidative deamination to imino acids, which in turn reacted further to ammonia and α-keto acids. ... among others Sulfur or sulfuric acid. These are useful industrial materials. Sulfuric acid is usually prepared as the acid ... The anaerobic decay products of amino acids, monosaccharides, phenols and aldehydes combined into fulvic acids. Fats and waxes ... The mixture at this depth contained fulvic acids, unreacted and partially reacted fats and waxes, slightly modified lignin, ...
"Binding parameters and thermodynamics of the interaction of imino sugars with a recombinant human acid α-glucosidase ( ... The studies enhanced knowledge of the mechanism by which α-glucosidase binds to imino sugars. Diabetes: Acarbose, an α- ...
D-Amino acid oxidase is an enzyme that is able to convert amino acids into imino acids. Also the direct biosynthetic precursor ... to the amino acid proline is the imino acid (S)-Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). Secondary amino acids, amino acids containing ... an imino acid is any molecule that contains both imine (>C=NH) and carboxyl (-C(=O)-OH) functional groups. Imino acids are ... The term imino acid is also the obsolete term for imidic acids, structures containing the -C(=NH)-OH group, and should not be ...
Comprehensive supplier list for Acetic acid, [[(2-bromophenyl)methyl]thio]-,Acetic acid, [[(2-chloro-1-propenyl)oxy]imino]- ... Acetic acid, [[(2-chloro-1-propenyl)oxy]imino]- (1 supplier). IUPAC Name: 2-(2-chloroprop-1-enoxyimino)acetic acid , CAS ... Acetic acid, [[(3-chloro-1-propenyl)oxy]imino]- (1 supplier). IUPAC Name: 2-(3-chloroprop-1-enoxyimino)acetic acid , CAS ... Acetic acid, [[(2-nitrophenyl)thio]imino]-, methyl ester, (E)- (1 supplier). IUPAC Name: methyl 2-(2-nitrophenyl) ...
... iminodiacetic acid (IDA; Mebrofenin) scintigraphy in follow-up assessments of the biliary system in patients with cystic ... Imino Acids* * Liver Diseases / diagnosis * Liver Diseases / diagnostic imaging* * Liver Diseases / etiology* ... The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of N-(2,4,6 trimethyl-3-bromophenylcarbamoylmethyl) iminodiacetic acid ( ... Twelve of the patients had been treated with ursodeoxycholic acid and taurine in the interim. Five subjects IDA examinations ...
Harmonised classification and labelling is a legally binding classification and labelling for a substance, agreed at European Community level. Harmonisation is based on the substances physical, toxicological and eco-toxicological hazard assessment. The Hazard classification and labelling section uses the signal word, pictogram(s) and hazard statements of the substance under the harmonised classification and labelling (CLH) as its primary source of information.. If the substance is covered by more than one CLH entry (e.g. disodium tetraborate EC no. 215-540-4, is covered by three harmonisations: 005-011-00-4; 005-011-01-1 and 005-011-02-9), CLH information cannot be displayed in the InfoCard as the difference between the CLH classifications requires manual interpretation or verification. If a substance is classified under multiple CLH entries, a link to the C&L Inventory is provided to allow users to view CLH information associated with the substance and no text is automatically ...
Unraveling the Spontaneous Zwitterionic Copolymerization Mechanism of Cyclic Imino Ethers and Acrylic Acid. Steinkoenig, J., De ... Synthesis of biscarboxylic acid functionalised EDTA mimicking polymers and their ability to form Zr(iv) chelation mediated ... Zwitterionic Amino Acid-Derived Polyacrylates as Smart Materials Exhibiting Cellular Specificity and Therapeutic Activity. ... Metal-dependent inhibition of amyloid fibril formation: Synergistic effects of cobalt-tannic acid networks. Zhang, W., ...
Comprehensive supplier list for Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, bis(2-Methylpropyl) ester,Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, bis(2- ... Butanedioic acid, imino-, diethyl ester (0 suppliers). IUPAC Name: diethyl 2-iminobutanedioate , CAS Registry Number: 52604-04- ... Synonyms: (2R)-2-sulfanylbutanedioic acid, butanedioic acid, 2-mercapto-, AC1LCVQ9, (2R)-2-mercaptosuccinic acid, CHEBI:38719, ... Butanedioic acid, mercapto-, (2R)- (0 suppliers). IUPAC Name: (2R)-2-sulfanylbutanedioic acid , CAS Registry Number: 20182-99-4 ...
Alkyl imino dipropionic acid, monosodium salt. Primary Chemical Name : Primary Chemical Name is the standard name assigned to a ... Octyloxypropyl-3-iminodipropionic acid, monosodium salt; beta-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-(3-(octyloxy)propyl)-, sodium salt ...
4-Heptyloxybenzoic acid 3-hydroxy-4-[[(4-butylphenyl)imino]methyl]phenyl ester ...
C. Matassini, J. Warren, B. Wang, A. Goti, F. Cardona, A. Morrone, M. Bols "Imino- and azasugar protonation inside human acid β ... "Imino- and azasugar protonation inside human acid β-glucosidase, the enzyme defective in Gaucher disease". Angew. Chem. and ... "Imino- and azasugar protonation inside human acid β-glucosidase, the enzyme defective in Gaucher disease". Angew. Chem. and ... C. Parmeggiani, S. Catarzi, C. Matassini, G. DAdamio, A. Morrone, A. Goti, P. Paoli, F. Cardona "Human acid β-Glucosidase ...
Warren, C.B. and Malec, E.J. Biodegradation of nitrilotriacetic acid and related imino and amino acids in river water. Science ... Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) is an aminotricarboxylic acid with an empirical formula of C6H9NO6. In the undissociated acid form ... Bioassays of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and nitrilotriacetic acid, trisodium salt, monohydrate (Na3NTA.H2O) for possible ... NTA is present in drinking water primarily in the form of metal complexes, rather than as the free acid. The amount of NTA ...
the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006-) "Imino acids". *↑ ೩೩.೦ ೩೩.೧ ೩೩.೨ Creighton, Thomas H. (1993). " ... It lacks the NH2 group because of the cyclization of the side-chain and is known as an imino acid; it falls under the category ... "Alpha amino acid - Medical definition". Merriam-Webster dictionary. *↑ Proline at the US National Library of Medicine Medical ... 2012). Unnatural Amino Acids: Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology - Volume 794. Humana Press. p. v. ISBN 978-1- ...
In the imino acid proline, the Cγ and Cδ methylene groups of the sidechain loop back onto the amide nitrogen atom, thus ... The observation that most amino acids can stand in for the glutamine and support intact signal transduction (see Figs. 2 and 5 ... Moreover, the model would explain why, as one of only a few amino acids, proline cannot functionally substitute for glutamine, ... UV/vis-spectroscopic analysis of NmPAL was performed in 12 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)−1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)/HCl pH ...
Alcoholysis of the imino chloride (via imino. ether formation) is acid catalyzed. The reaction. mixture itself is usually ... A number of acid halides, especially, acid. chlorides, derived from phosphorus, carbon and sulfur. or their oxygen acids have ... to be a preferred acid halide reagent for intermediate. imino halide preparation.. Recently~we have discovered a novel class of ... the imino halide might take place. Since the primary. utility of the imino halide products is as intermediates. to the ...
Sulfuric acid compound with 2-imino-1-methylimidazolidin-4-one and 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol (1:1:1) hydrate ...
Chemical Name: 2-[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)imino]-4-oxo-5-thiazolidinylidene]-acetic acid methyl ester ...
Studies on antioxidant activities of mucuna seed (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) extract and various non-protein amino/imino acids ... Chemicals: Standard phenolic compounds (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, benzoic acid and ferulic acid), Folin- ... These compounds are p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, benzoic acid and ferulic acid. Figure 5 displays ... syringic acid, vanillin, benzoic acid and ferulic acid. This study revealed that acidic ethyl acetate fraction of C. arvensis L ...
4-trazole-5-imino-3-carboxylic acids (3a-c). 3 a was decarboxylated to 1-phenyl-⊿ 2 -1,2,4-triazoline-5-imine (5). Hydrolysis ... By the weak acid interaction of polymeric phosphanes the condensation of ethylendi-amine yields in a small amount bicyclo-[4,4, ... and dichloroacetic acid in benzene (HCO 2 R where R = CCl 3 or CHCl 2 ; Hacac = acetylacctone) which led to the formation of ... 4-triazoline-5-thione-3-carboxylic acids (7a-c). Fusing (2a-c) with aromatic amines at high temperature gave the corresponding ...
acid answers are found in the Tabers Medical Dictionary powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and ... imino acid. imino acid. imino acid. An acid formed as a result of oxidation of amino acids in the body. ... nonvolatile acid. nonvolatile acid. nonvolatile acid. An acid, such as lactic acid or sulfuric acid, that accumulates in the ... organic acid. organic acid. organic acid. An acid containing the carboxyl radical, -COOH. Organic acids include acetic acid, ...
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid. Description. 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (CAS: 2906-39-0) is an enamine or an imino acid that ... Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino ... 3D MOL for HMDB0001301 (1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid). HMDB0001301 RDKit 3D 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... 3D-SDF for HMDB0001301 (1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid). HMDB0001301 RDKit 3D 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
Transport of L-OH-Proline by the apical IMINO amino acid transporters in kidney and intestine. ... Transport of L-OH-Proline by the apical IMINO amino acid transporters in kidney and intestine ... BiGG Models: A platform for integrating, standardizing, and sharing genome-scale models (2016) Nucleic Acids Research 44(D1): ...
... propanoic acid(Non-covalent). 1D0.12: 26 residues within 4Å:*. Chain B: A.85, H.86, K.87, E.109, T.110, G.111, A.112, G.113, Q. ... 1 x 1D0: (2E)-2-[({3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]pyridin-4-yl}methyl)imino]-3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)amino] ...
The acid and salts in the DTPMP category are freely soluble in water and, therefore, the DTPMP anion is fully dissociated from ... The key Kp values have been calculated using the physical and chemical properties of DTPMP acid and the log Koc value from the ... 400 and 2000 µg active acid respectively.. GLP compliance:. no. Type of method:. batch equilibrium method. Media:. sediment. ...
phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[ethylenenitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakisphosphonic acid, potassium salt. *. *. EC number: 284-362-7 , ...
phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[ethylenenitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakisphosphonic acid, ammonium salt. *. *. EC number: 274-798-6 , ...
Amino acids can be classified based on the characteristics of their distinctive side chains as nonpolar, polar but uncharged, ... contains a secondary amine group; referred to as an α-imino acid. ... The amino acids in proteins are α-amino acids, which means the amino group is attached to the α-carbon of the carboxylic acid. ... Amino acids with a positively charged R group. histidine. his (H). 155. the only amino acid whose R group has a pKa (6.0) near ...
Amino Acids [D12.125]. *Amino Acids, Cyclic [D12.125.072]. *Imino Acids [D12.125.072.401] ...
Seven patients with renal failure of varying etiology had abnormalities in urinary excretion and plasma content of the imino ... Plasma levels of the imino acids and glycine were elevated. The metabolic abnormalities appeared in one patient as renal ... patients with renal failure of varying etiology had abnormalities in urinary excretion and plasma content of the imino acids ( ...
Imino acid. Myhill, D.; Jackson, D.S. (1963). "Separation of proline and hydroxyproline using thin-layer chromatography". ... and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackhs Chemical Dictionary, 5th ... Palmitic Acid. A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. ... Arachidonic Acid. An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and ...
Imino Acids 7% * Genome 6% * Disease Resistance 6% * Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 5% ...
  • Seven patients with renal failure of varying etiology had abnormalities in urinary excretion and plasma content of the imino acids (proline and hydroxyproline) and of glycine. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Plasma levels of the imino acids and glycine were elevated. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Glycine is an amino acid and neurotransmitter. (examine.com)
  • [1] Glycine is the simplest amino acid in nature, with a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. (examine.com)
  • Glycine is the primary amino acid in collagen, making up one-third of its amino acids in the repeated form of tripeptides (glycine-proline-Y and glycine-X-hydroxyproline, where X and Y can be any amino acid). (examine.com)
  • [5] Like all amino acids, glycine has a central carbon with one amino group, one carboxy acid group, and one side chain that makes each amino acid unique. (examine.com)
  • For glycine, this side chain is a single hydrogen atom, which is why glycine is the simplest and smallest amino acid in nature. (examine.com)
  • Glycine is a nonpolar neutral amino acid, meaning it has no net electrical charge and does not interact with water. (examine.com)
  • As an amino acid, glycine plays an essential role in protein synthesis, especially collagen synthesis. (examine.com)
  • [12] Additionally, glycine is conjugated with bile acids (along with taurine) before being excreted into the biliary system, thereby playing a central role in lipid digestion and absorption. (examine.com)
  • Glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid in humans because humans are unable to synthesize enough glycine to satisfy metabolic requirements. (examine.com)
  • Isatin test is a biochemical test for the detection of amino acids like proline and hydroxyproline. (microbenotes.com)
  • To distinguish proline and hydroxyproline from other amino acids. (microbenotes.com)
  • The reaction between imino acids like proline and hydroxyproline and isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) yields a blue-colored adduct. (microbenotes.com)
  • The test is used for the detection of proline and hydroxyproline amino acids in a sample solution. (microbenotes.com)
  • The only proteinogenic amino acid of this type is proline, although the related non-proteinogenic amino acids hydroxyproline and pipecolic acid have often been included in studies of this class of compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a building block of proteins, participates in the citric acid and urea cycles, and is a neurotransmitter. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • proteins rely on prior digestion to amino acids. (gpnotebook.com)
  • Glacial (highly purified) acetic acid contains at least 99.5% acetic acid by weight. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Here, we position-specifically evaluated the correlation of imino acid contents to denaturation temperature (Td ) of collagen among various vertebrate and invertebrate species, using a recently developed LC-MS methodology. (qxmd.com)
  • 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (CAS: 2906-39-0) is an enamine or an imino acid that forms upon the spontaneous dehydration of L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde in aqueous solutions. (hmdb.ca)
  • It can also be converted into or be formed from three amino acids: L-glutamate, L-ornithine, and L-proline. (hmdb.ca)
  • The imino halide products are intermediates in the preparation of antibiotic compounds. (gc.ca)
  • GC-MS and HPLC analyses indicated that, this fraction contained a variety of phenolic compounds including p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, benzoic acid and ferulic acid. (scialert.net)
  • in diabetic ketoacidosis, when the conversion of fatty acids to ketones increases. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Amino acids are amphoteric as they contain both a basic and acidic groups. (abcmedicalnotes.com)
  • Also the direct biosynthetic precursor to the amino acid proline is the imino acid (S)-Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). (wikipedia.org)
  • containing amino acids (cisteine and methionine) in type III. (coek.info)
  • The test is a specific test for specific amino acids that produces a colored addition product (also called adduct) with the Isatin reagent. (microbenotes.com)
  • Isatin reagent used in the test works as a visualizing agent that provides different colors with different amino acids in the chromatography technique. (microbenotes.com)
  • Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
  • Corticosteroids inhibit formation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids when cell membranes are damaged. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Imino acids are structurally related to amino acids, which have amino group instead of imine-a difference of single vs double-bond between nitrogen and carbon. (wikipedia.org)
  • Any of the complex acids that occur as salts in bile, e.g., cholic, glycocholic, and taurocholic acids. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • D-Amino acid oxidase is an enzyme that is able to convert amino acids into imino acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, D-enantiomers of amino acids and D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) have been observed to contribute to L-amino acid concentration. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Although the propensity-based model, which correlates the propensities of the individual imino acids with the structural requirements of the triple helix, is able to explicate most of the experimental data, it is unable to predict the rather high stability of peptides embedding Gly-Hyp-Hyp triplets. (cnr.it)
  • It is also one of the few metabolites that can act as a precursor to other metabolites of both the urea cycle and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (hmdb.ca)
  • In organic chemistry, an imino acid is any molecule that contains both imine (>C=NH) and carboxyl (-C(=O)-OH) functional groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • The peripheral administration of kynurenic acid (KYNA) precursor, kynurenine (KYN) was found to lead to neuroprotection in hypoxic-ischemic animal models [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • ABBR: AHA Any of a class of water-soluble acids derived from fruit or milk, having a hydroxyl moiety in the first position in the molecule. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The pH at which an amino acid is electrically neutral is called the Isoelectric point. (abcmedicalnotes.com)
  • The reaction is a simple addition reaction where the combination of isatin and proline produces a colored product, indicating the presence of imino acids. (microbenotes.com)
  • The acid is a known carcinogen, and its use has been associated with and may cause end-stage renal disease and cancers of the urinary tract that may occur many years after usage has stopped. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Both sodium ion and amino acid combine with a cell surface protein receptor. (gpnotebook.com)
  • Defects of the amino acid protein carrier can lead to conditions like Hartnup's disease and cystinuria. (gpnotebook.com)
  • previous reports featuring ac etic acid soluble extraction. (scirp.org)
  • Amino acids are absorbed by a co-transport mechanism with sodium ions. (gpnotebook.com)
  • Particularly puzzling is the decoding of the mechanism of triple helix stabilization/destabilization induced by imino acids. (cnr.it)
  • An acid reacts with a metal to form a salt, neutralizes bases, and turns litmus paper red. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Research has provided evidence of differences between mammalian collagens, such as variations in amino acid composition, the degree of hydroxylation of proline and lysine, and the type and stability of intermolecular crosslinks [9]. (coek.info)
  • In addition, certain amino acids may have there own specific transporter e.g. proline. (gpnotebook.com)
  • In the undissociated acid form, it is composed of needles or prismatic crystals. (canada.ca)
  • NTA is present in drinking water primarily in the form of metal complexes, rather than as the free acid. (canada.ca)
  • The fully hydrated form of silica gel has distinct properties and is referred to as SILICIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)
  • Secondary amino acids, amino acids containing a secondary amine group are sometimes named imino acids, though this usage is obsolescent. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term imino acid is also the obsolete term for imidic acids, structures containing the -C(=NH)-OH group, and should not be used for them. (wikipedia.org)
  • A drop of the sample (imino acid) solution is added to a Whatman No. 1 filter paper and dried by placing it in a hot air oven. (microbenotes.com)