AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and Processes
HypercapniaCarbon DioxideAnoxiaChemoreceptor CellsRespirationAcidosis, RespiratoryHypocapniaPulmonary VentilationPartial PressureOxygenCerebrovascular CirculationRespiratory MechanicsBlood Gas AnalysisApneaAcidosisTidal VolumeAcid-Base EquilibriumCarotid BodyHyperoxiaPia MaterHyperventilationAsphyxiaHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationHypoventilationPlethysmography, Whole BodyPhrenic NerveDiaphragmRespiratory Physiological PhenomenaRespiration, ArtificialCerebral ArteriesRespiratory MusclesRespiratory InsufficiencyIntercostal MusclesAcetazolamideMedulla OblongataRespiratory CenterBlood PressureInsufflationBicarbonatesDoxapramBrain StemPulmonary Gas ExchangeAnimals, NewbornOxygen ConsumptionHeart RateCarbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsBlood Flow VelocitySodium CyanideObesity Hypoventilation SyndromePulmonary Stretch ReceptorsOximetryWakefulnessInhalationVagotomyRespiratory Function TestsRats, Sprague-DawleyVasodilation
Hypercapnia
A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.
Carbon Dioxide
A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
Anoxia
Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.
Chemoreceptor Cells
Cells specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptor cells may monitor external stimuli, as in TASTE and OLFACTION, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE in the blood.
Respiration
The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).
Acidosis, Respiratory
Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.
Hypocapnia
Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.
Pulmonary Ventilation
The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.
Partial Pressure
The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Oxygen
An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
Cerebrovascular Circulation
The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.
Respiratory Mechanics
The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.
Blood Gas Analysis
Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
Apnea
A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.
Tidal Volume
The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.
Acid-Base Equilibrium
The balance between acids and bases in the BODY FLUIDS. The pH (HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION) of the arterial BLOOD provides an index for the total body acid-base balance.
Carotid Body
A small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The carotid body, which is richly supplied with fenestrated capillaries, senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control.
Hyperoxia
An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.
Pia Mater
The innermost layer of the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the fine vascular membrane that lies under the ARACHNOID and the DURA MATER.
Hyperventilation
A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.
Asphyxia
A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Hypoventilation
A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.
Plethysmography, Whole Body
Measurement of the volume of gas in the lungs, including that which is trapped in poorly communicating air spaces. It is of particular use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Phrenic Nerve
The motor nerve of the diaphragm. The phrenic nerve fibers originate in the cervical spinal column (mostly C4) and travel through the cervical plexus to the diaphragm.
Diaphragm
The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.
Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
Physiological processes and properties of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.
Respiration, Artificial
Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Cerebral Arteries
The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.
Respiratory Muscles
These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Intercostal Muscles
Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib, and contract during inspiration or respiration. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Acetazolamide
One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)
Medulla Oblongata
The lower portion of the BRAIN STEM. It is inferior to the PONS and anterior to the CEREBELLUM. Medulla oblongata serves as a relay station between the brain and the spinal cord, and contains centers for regulating respiratory, vasomotor, cardiac, and reflex activities.
Respiratory Center
Part of the brain located in the MEDULLA OBLONGATA and PONS. It receives neural, chemical and hormonal signals, and controls the rate and depth of respiratory movements of the DIAPHRAGM and other respiratory muscles.
Blood Pressure
PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
Insufflation
The act of blowing a powder, vapor, or gas into any body cavity for experimental, diagnostic, or therapeutic purposes.
Bicarbonates
Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.
Doxapram
A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225)
Brain Stem
The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.
Pulmonary Gas Exchange
The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.
Animals, Newborn
Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.
Oxygen Consumption
The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)
Heart Rate
The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
A class of compounds that reduces the secretion of H+ ions by the proximal kidney tubule through inhibition of CARBONIC ANHYDRASES.
Blood Flow Velocity
A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.
Sodium Cyanide
A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
HYPOVENTILATION syndrome in very obese persons with excessive ADIPOSE TISSUE around the ABDOMEN and DIAPHRAGM. It is characterized by diminished to absent ventilatory chemoresponsiveness; chronic HYPOXIA; HYPERCAPNIA; POLYCYTHEMIA; and long periods of sleep during day and night (HYPERSOMNOLENCE). It is a condition often related to OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA but can occur separately.
Pulmonary Stretch Receptors
Stretch receptors found in the bronchi and bronchioles. Pulmonary stretch receptors are sensors for a reflex which stops inspiration. In humans, the reflex is protective and is probably not activated during normal respiration.
Oximetry
The determination of oxygen-hemoglobin saturation of blood either by withdrawing a sample and passing it through a classical photoelectric oximeter or by electrodes attached to some translucent part of the body like finger, earlobe, or skin fold. It includes non-invasive oxygen monitoring by pulse oximetry.
Wakefulness
A state in which there is an enhanced potential for sensitivity and an efficient responsiveness to external stimuli.
Inhalation
The act of BREATHING in.
Vagotomy
The interruption or removal of any part of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. Vagotomy may be performed for research or for therapeutic purposes.
Respiratory Function Tests
Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Vasodilation
The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

Depression of peripheral chemosensitivity by a dopaminergic mechanism in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. (1/1202)

In the present study, respiratory drives to chemical stimuli and peripheral chemosensitivity were evaluated in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSAS). The effects of oral administration of domperidone, a selective dopamine D2-receptor antagonist, were also examined, to study the respiratory effects of endogenous dopamine on peripheral chemoreceptors. Sixteen patients with OSAS and nine normal control subjects were studied. Respiratory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia were measured using the rebreathing method and isocapnic progressive hypoxia method, respectively. The hypoxic withdrawal test, which measures the decrease in ventilation caused by two breaths of 100% O2 under mild hypercapnic hypoxic conditions (end-tidal oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions approximately 8.0 kPa and 5.3-6.7 kPa, respectively), was used to evaluate peripheral chemosensitivity. In the patients with OSAS, ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia were significantly decreased compared with those of control subjects. Hypoxic withdrawal tests showed that peripheral chemosensitivity was significantly lower in patients with OSAS than in normal subjects. Hypercapnic ventilatory response and peripheral chemosensitivity were enhanced by administration of domperidone in the patients with OSAS, although no changes in either of these were observed in the control subjects. The hypoxic ventilatory response and peripheral chemosensitivity in the patients with OSAS were each significantly correlated with severity of hypoxia during sleep. These findings suggest that peripheral chemosensitivity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome may be decreased as a result of abnormality in dopaminergic mechanisms and that the reduced chemosensitivity observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome may affect the severity of hypoxia during sleep.  (+info)

Selective potentiation of peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in obstructive sleep apnea. (2/1202)

BACKGROUND: The chemoreflexes are an important mechanism for regulation of both breathing and autonomic cardiovascular function. Abnormalities in chemoreflex mechanisms may be implicated in increased cardiovascular stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We tested the hypothesis that chemoreflex function is altered in patients with OSA. METHODS AND RESULTS: We compared ventilatory, sympathetic, heart rate, and blood pressure responses to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and the cold pressor test in 16 untreated normotensive patients with OSA and 12 normal control subjects matched for age and body mass index. Baseline muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was higher in the patients with OSA than in the control subjects (43+/-4 versus 21+/-3 bursts per minute; P<0. 001). During hypoxia, patients with OSA had greater increases in minute ventilation (5.8+/-0.8 versus 3.2+/-0.7 L/min; P=0.02), heart rate (10+/-1 versus 7+/-1 bpm; P=0.03), and mean arterial pressure (7+/-2 versus 0+/-2 mm Hg; P=0.001) than control subjects. Despite higher ventilation and blood pressure (both of which inhibit sympathetic activity) in OSA patients, the MSNA increase during hypoxia was similar in OSA patients and control subjects. When the sympathetic-inhibitory influence of breathing was eliminated by apnea during hypoxia, the increase in MSNA in OSA patients (106+/-20%) was greater than in control subjects (52+/-23%; P=0.04). Prolongation of R-R interval with apnea during hypoxia was also greater in OSA patients (24+/-6%) than in control subjects (7+/-5%) (P=0.04). Autonomic, ventilatory, and blood pressure responses to hypercapnia and the cold pressor test in OSA patients were not different from those observed in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: OSA is associated with a selective potentiation of autonomic, hemodynamic, and ventilatory responses to peripheral chemoreceptor activation by hypoxia.  (+info)

Hyperglycemia and focal brain ischemia. (3/1202)

The influence of hyperglycemic ischemia on tissue damage and cerebral blood flow was studied in rats subjected to short-lasting transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Rats were made hyperglycemic by intravenous infusion of glucose to a blood glucose level of about 20 mmol/L, and MCA occlusion was performed with the intraluminar filament technique for 15, 30, or 60 minutes, followed by 7 days of recovery. Normoglycemic animals received saline infusion. Perfusion-fixed brains were examined microscopically, and the volumes of selective neuronal necrosis and infarctions were calculated. Cerebral blood flow was measured autoradiographically at the end of 30 minutes of MCA occlusion and after 1 hour of recirculation in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic animals. In two additional groups with 30 minutes of MCA occlusion, CO2 was added to the inhaled gases to create a similar tissue acidosis as in hyperglycemic animals. In one group CBF was measured, and the second group was examined for tissue damage after 7 days. Fifteen and 30 minutes of MCA occlusion in combination with hyperglycemia produced larger infarcts and smaller amounts of selective neuronal necrosis than in rats with normal blood glucose levels, a significant difference in the total volume of ischemic damage being found after 30 minutes of MCA occlusion. After 60 minutes of occlusion, when the volume of infarction was larger, only minor differences between normoglycemic and hyperglycemic animals were found. Hypercapnic animals showed volumes of both selective neuronal necrosis and infarction that were almost identical with those observed in normoglycemic, normocapnic animals. When local CBF was measured in the ischemic core after 30 minutes of occlusion, neither the hyperglycemic nor the hypercapnic animals were found to be significantly different from the normoglycemic group. Brief focal cerebral ischemia combined with hyperglycemia leads to larger and more severe tissue damage. Our results do not support the hypothesis that the aggravated injury is caused by any disturbances in CBF.  (+info)

Spike generation from dorsal roots and cutaneous afferents by hypoxia or hypercapnia in the rat in vivo. (4/1202)

The present study aimed at investigating the responsiveness of different parts of the primary afferent neurones to a brief hypoxia, hypercapnia or ischaemia under in vivo conditions. Action potentials were recorded in separate groups of anaesthetized rats from (i) the peripheral end of the central stump of the cut L3, L4 or L5 dorsal root (dorsal root preparation); (ii) the central end of the peripheral stump of the cut saphenous nerve (saphenous-receptor preparation); (iii) the distal end of a segment of the saphenous nerve cut at both ends (axon preparation). In paralysed animals interruption of artificial ventilation for 20-60 s elicited or increased the frequency of action potentials in both the dorsal root and saphenous-receptor preparations. Activation of these preparations was also achieved by inspiration of gas mixtures containing 10-0% oxygen (mixed with nitrogen) or 20-50% carbon dioxide (mixed with oxygen) which elicited in the blood a decrease in PO2 or an increase in PCO2 with a fall in pH. Occlusion of the femoral artery for 3 min also caused spike generation in the saphenous-receptor preparations with little alteration in blood pressure. All these stimuli failed to evoke action potentials in the axon preparations. Systemic (300 mg kg-1 s.c.) or perineural (2%) capsaicin pretreatment failed to inhibit the effect of hypoxia, hypercapnia or ischaemia, indicating a significant contribution of capsaicin-insensitive neurones to the responses. It is concluded that central and peripheral terminals but not axons of primary afferent neurones are excited by a brief hypoxia or hypercapnia and the peripheral terminals by a short local ischaemia as well. Excitation of central terminals by hypoxia or hypercapnia revealed in this way an antidromic activation of dorsal roots in response to natural chemical stimuli.  (+info)

Impact of nasal ventilation on survival in hypercapnic Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (5/1202)

BACKGROUND: Respiratory failure is the commonest cause of death in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Life expectancy is less than one year once diurnal hypercapnia develops. This study examines the effects of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on survival in symptomatic Duchenne patients with established ventilatory failure. METHODS: Nocturnal NIPPV was applied in 23 consecutive patients with DMD of mean (SD) age 20.3 (3.4) years who presented with diurnal and nocturnal hypercapnia. RESULTS: One year and five year survival rates were 85% (95% CI 69 to 100) and 73% (95% CI 53 to 94), respectively. Early changes in arterial blood gas tensions following NIPPV occurred with mean (SD) PO2 increasing from 7.6 (2.1) kPa to 10.8 (1.3) kPa and mean (SD) PCO2 falling from 10.3 (4.5) kPa to 6.1 (1.0) kPa. Improvements in arterial blood gas tensions were maintained over five years. Health perception and social aspects of SF-36 health related quality of life index were reported as equivalent to other groups with nonprogressive disorders using NIPPV. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal ventilation is likely to increase survival in hypercapnic patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and should be considered as a treatment option when ventilatory failure develops.  (+info)

Identification of a critical motif responsible for gating of Kir2.3 channel by intracellular protons. (6/1202)

Protons are involved in gating Kir2.3. To identify the molecular motif in the Kir2.3 channel protein that is responsible for this process, experiments were performed using wild-type and mutated Kir2. 3 and Kir2.1. CO2 and low pHi strongly inhibited wild-type Kir2.3 but not Kir2.1 in whole cell voltage clamp and excised inside-out patches. This CO2/pH sensitivity was completely eliminated in a mutant Kir2.3 in which the N terminus was substituted with that in Kir2.1, whereas a similar replacement of its C terminus had no effect. Site-specific mutations of all titratable residues in the N terminus, however, did not change the CO2/pH sensitivity. Using several chimeras generated systematically in the N terminus, a 10-residue motif near the M1 region was identified in which only three amino acids are different between Kir2.3 and Kir2.1. Mutations of these residues, especially Thr53, dramatically reduced the pH sensitivity of Kir2.3. Introducing these residues or even a single threonine to the corresponding positions of Kir2.1 made the mutant channel pH-sensitive. Thus, a critical motif responsible for gating Kir2.3 by protons was identified in the N terminus, which contained about 10 residues centered by Thr53.  (+info)

Exertional dyspnoea in patients with airway obstruction, with and without CO2 retention. (7/1202)

BACKGROUND: Dyspnoea is a common and disabling symptom in patients with cardiopulmonary disease. Unfortunately the mechanisms that produce dyspnoea are still poorly understood. The relationship between dyspnoea and the load on the ventilatory muscles, chemical drive, and ventilatory indices was therefore assessed in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease during an incremental exercise test. METHODS: Fifty patients with a wide range of obstructive pulmonary disease (mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 66.1 (28.8)% predicted) performed an incremental cycle ergometer test. A subdivision was made between subjects with CO2 retention (delta PaCO2 > or = 0, n = 22) and subjects without CO2 retention (delta PaCO2 < 0, n = 28) during exercise. During the test dyspnoea (Borg score), oesophageal pressures (mechanical load on the ventilatory muscles (time tension index (TTI), blood gas tensions, and minute ventilation were measured. Correlations for changes in mechanical and chemical factors with changes in dyspnoea score were calculated to assess relevant factors. An analysis of covariance was used to examine whether there was a relationship between dyspnoea score and each of these factors and whether this relationship was different between the subgroups with and without CO2 retention. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the independent effect of each parameter on dyspnoea sensation. Furthermore, the amplitude of pleural pressure swing ((Pi + Pe)act) generated at maximal work load (Ptot, an indication of the load on all respiratory muscles) was calculated. Analysis of covariance was used to assess whether there was a relationship between tidal volume (VT) and Ptot and whether this relationship was different between the groups (slopes are an expression of the length-tension inappropriateness, LTI). RESULTS: In the total group and the group without CO2 retention a significant correlation between dyspnoea and the increase in the inspiratory time tension index (TTIi) was present. In the group with CO2 retention a significant correlation was seen between dyspnoea and delta PaCO2. The factors delta PaO2, delta VE%MVV and delta (VT/Ti) showed a correlation with a p value of < or = 0.10 both in the total group and in those without CO2 retention. In an analysis of covariance the relationship between dyspnoea score and delta PaCO2 appeared to be significantly different between the two subgroups, being more pronounced in the group with CO2 retention. No other relationships with change in dyspnoea score were found. There was no significant relationship between VT and Ptot in the total group nor in the two subgroups, indicating some length-tension inappropriateness in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with distinctive pulmonary disease who are normocapnic or hypocapnic the mechanical load (delta TTIi) and length-tension inappropriateness (LTI) on ventilatory muscles seem to be the main determinant of exertional dyspnoea. As soon as hypercapnia occurs, this seems to override all other inputs for dyspnoea.  (+info)

A low concentration of nitrous oxide reduces dyspnoea produced by a combination of hypercapnia and severe elastic load. (8/1202)

We have measured how a low concentration of nitrous oxide affected respiratory sensation and ventilation. Severe dyspnoea was induced in nine normal subjects by a combination of hypercapnia and inspiratory elastic load (50 cm H2O litre-1). Subjects were asked to rate their sensation of respiratory discomfort using a visual analogue scale (VAS) while breathing either 20% nitrous oxide or 20% nitrogen gas mixture. We compared the effects of each gas mixture on respiratory sensation and ventilation using steady-state values of ventilatory variables and VAS scores obtained before, during and after inhalation of each gas mixture. Inhalation of 20% nitrous oxide reduced the sensation of respiratory discomfort from a median VAS score of 6.5 (range 5.0-8.1) before inhalation to 3.6 (2.4-5.9) during inhalation (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in minute ventilation but tidal volume increased during inhalation of 20% nitrogen did not alter VAS scores or ventilatory variables. We found that a low concentration of nitrous oxide greatly alleviated the intensity of dyspnoea without changing respiratory load compensation.  (+info)

Long-term Effects of Non-invasive Ventilation in Hypercapnic Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients - Full Text...Long-term Effects of Non-invasive Ventilation in Hypercapnic Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients - Full Text...
In this multicenter study the comparison of the mass flow distribution and redistribution versus the relative blood flow per lobe (as a surrogate for Ventilation/ Perfusion (V/Q) matching) with functional respiratory imaging (FRI) and arterial blood gas (ABG) values will be evaluated in hypercapnic Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. Therefore a low dose Computed Tomography (CT) scan will be taken in a population of 30 patients with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and in a control group of 10 patients without NIV. The CT-scan will be used for FRI ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01592656
Prediction of successful ventilator weaning using airway occlusion pressure and hypercapnic challenge<...Prediction of successful ventilator weaning using airway occlusion pressure and hypercapnic challenge<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Prediction of successful ventilator weaning using airway occlusion pressure and hypercapnic challenge. AU - Montgomery, A. B.. AU - Holle, R. H.O.. AU - Neagley, S. R.. AU - Pierson, D. J.. AU - Schoene, Robert Blair. PY - 1987/1/1. Y1 - 1987/1/1. N2 - We studied eleven patients during 14 attempts at weaning from mechanical ventilation to determine whether central ventilatory drive, measured as airway occlusion pressure 0.1 s after onset of inspiration (P0.1), during spontaneous breathing before and during a brief hypercapnic challenge, could accurately predict the success or failure of the attempt. All patients were recovering from acute respiratory failure and could breath spontaneously for 20 minutes on a T-piece but were judged clinically to be marginal weaning candidates. Minute ventilation (V̇I) and P0.1 were measured while breathing spontaneously and were repeated during a hypercapnic challenge that raised end-tidal PCO2 approximately 10 mm Hg. Seven of the 14 weaning ...
https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/prediction-of-successful-ventilator-weaning-using-airway-occlusio
Nocturnal Non-Invasive Nasal Ventilation in Stable Hypercapnic COPD: A Randomised Controlled Trial | ThoraxNocturnal Non-Invasive Nasal Ventilation in Stable Hypercapnic COPD: A Randomised Controlled Trial | Thorax
Background: Sleep hypoventilation has been proposed as a cause of progressive hypercapnic respiratory failure and death in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).. Objective: To determine the effects of nocturnal, non-invasive bi-level pressure support ventilation (NIV) on survival, lung function and quality of life in severe hypercapnic COPD.. Design: A multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled trial of NIV plus long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) versus LTOT alone.. Setting: University Hospital sleep/ respiratory medicine departments.. Patients: Severe, stable, smoking-related COPD (FEV1.0 , 1.5 L or ,50% predicted and FEV1.0/FVC ,60% with awake PaCO2 , 46mmHg and on LTOT for at least 3 months) and age less than 80 years. Patients with sleep apnea (Apnea-hypopnea Index , 20/ hr) or morbid obesity (BMI ,40) were excluded.. Intervention: Night-time bilevel pressure support ventilation.. Measurements: Survival, spirometry, arterial blood gases, polysomnography, general ...
http://thorax.bmj.com/content/early/2009/05/07/thx.2008.108274
Reversal of attenuation of cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia by a nitric oxide donor after controlled cortical impact...Reversal of attenuation of cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia by a nitric oxide donor after controlled cortical impact...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Reversal of attenuation of cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia by a nitric oxide donor after controlled cortical impact in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. AU - Zhang, Fangyi. AU - Sprague, Shane M.. AU - Farrokhi, Farrokh. AU - Henry, Matthew N.. AU - Son, Minnette G.. AU - Vollmer, Dennis G.. PY - 2002/10/1. Y1 - 2002/10/1. N2 - Object. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) attenuates the cerebral vasodilation to hypercapnia. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) also transiently reduces hypercapnic vasodilation. The authors sought to determine whether the CSD elicited by a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury masks the true effect of TBI on hypercapnic vasodilation, and whether a nitric oxide (NO) donor can reverse the attenuation of hypercapnic vasodilation following CCI. Methods. Anesthetized rats underwent moderate CCI. Cerebral blood flow was monitored with laser Doppler flowmetry and the response to hypercapnia was determined for injured and sham-injured animals. The ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/reversal-of-attenuation-of-cerebrovascular-reactivity-to-hypercap
Hyperleptinaemia, respiratory drive and hypercapnic response in obese patientsHyperleptinaemia, respiratory drive and hypercapnic response in obese patients
All information about the latest scientific publications of the Clínica Universidad de Navarra. Hyperleptinaemia, respiratory drive and hypercapnic response in obese patients
http://www.cun.es/en/research/scientific-publications/hyperleptinaemia-respiratory-drive-and-hypercapnic-response-in-obese-patients
Relation between Plasma β-Endorphin and the Ventilatory Response to Hypercapnia in Humans | Clinical Science | Portland PressRelation between Plasma β-Endorphin and the Ventilatory Response to Hypercapnia in Humans | Clinical Science | Portland Press
1. Endogenous opioids have been implicated in the control of breathing in neonates, but their role in ventilatory control in adults remains unclear.. 2. We studied the relationship between circulating immunoreactive β-endorphin and the ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure responses to hypercapnia in 12 healthy male subjects. In addition, we examined the effect of repetitive hypercapnia on plasma β-endorphin and Cortisol levels.. 3. A weak but significant negative relationship between the ventilatory response to hypercapnia and basal plasma β-endorphin levels was observed (r = −0.35, P , 0.01). A similar negative relationship was noted between mouth occlusion pressure response to hypercapnia and basal plasma β-endorphin levels (r = −0.36, P , 0.01).. 4. Repetitive hypercapnia prevented the fall in plasma Cortisol that occurred under control conditions (P , 0.02) but had no effect on plasma β-endorphin.. 5. We conclude that plasma β-endorphin may play a role in the central chemical ...
https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/77/3/323/74816/Relation-between-Plasma-Endorphin-and-the?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Contractility of papillary muscle from rats exposed to 28 days of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and hypoxia with hypercapnia. | ThoraxContractility of papillary muscle from rats exposed to 28 days of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and hypoxia with hypercapnia. | Thorax
The effects of chronic respiratory failure (hypoxia and hypercapnia) on the contractile properties of cardiac muscle are not established. A study was performed of the isometric contractile properties of isolated papillary muscle removed from rats exposed in a normobaric environmental chamber to 28 days of hypoxia (fractional inspired oxygen (FIO2) 10%, fractional inspired carbon dioxide (FICO2) less than 1%), hypercapnia (FIO2 21%, FICO2 5%), and hypoxia with hypercapnia (FIO2 10%, FICO2 5%). Rats exposed to both hypoxia and hypoxia with hypercapnia developed selective right ventricular hypertrophy. Exposure to hypercapnia alone did not alter right ventricular weight. No change in right ventricular papillary muscle contractility per unit muscle mass was observed as measured by maximum active tension, maximum rate of rise or fall of tension, or time to peak tension. Rat cardiac muscle adapts successfully to the altered acid-base environment and increased work load associated with prolonged ...
http://thorax.bmj.com/content/44/10/808
Carbon dioxide contributions in respiratory control :: MEDICA, MUSC Institutional Repository
This study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of carbon dioxide to respiratory control made by the carotid bodies and vagus nerves. Small eupneically breathing dogs, anesthetized with IV ketamine HCL were subjected to inspired CO2 concentrations of 3% while recording simultaneously tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory airflow rates, and single neuron activity in or near the ventral respiratory group. The burst activity of the ventral respiratory group neuron was considered to be representative of the final integrated motor output of the brain stem respiratory complex. This data provided information concerning: (1) the relationship between group and airflow, (2) the latency response to CO2, (3) the contribution of the carotid body to the hypercapnic response, (4) the vagal contribution to the hypercapnic response. Several specified measures of neuron activity were altered as airflow patterns changed. Subsequent analyses showed correlation between airflow parameters and neuron ...
http://digital.library.musc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/medica/id/651/rec/9
Effect of Hypercapnia on Intracellular pH in Neurons from Chemosensiti by Robert W. Putnam, Nick A. Ritucci et al.Effect of Hypercapnia on Intracellular pH in Neurons from Chemosensiti by Robert W. Putnam, Nick A. Ritucci et al.
Putnam, R. W., Ritucci, N. A., & Dean, J. B. (1997). Effect of Hypercapnia on Intracellular pH in Neurons from Chemosensitive and Insensitive Areas of Medullary Brainstem Slices. The FASEB Journal, 11 (3), 3676 ...
https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/ncbp/824/
Effect of hypercapnia on total pulmonary resistance during wakefulness and during NREM sleep.
We investigated the effect of different levels of hypercapnia on total pulmonary resistance (RL) in 13 subjects ranging from nonsnorers with low RL to snorers with high RL and dynamic narrowing of the upper airway during inspiration. Added CO2 was ad
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Effect-hypercapnia-total-pulmonary-resistance/1859068.html
Functional homology in response of human cardiovascular system to hypoxia and hypercapnia under various environmental...Functional homology in response of human cardiovascular system to hypoxia and hypercapnia under various environmental...
The authors studied physiologic peculiarities associated with cardiorespiratory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia in various climate and geographic conditions, to combined effects of hypoxia, hypercapnia and physical burden, in artificial atmosphere with various velocity of hypoxia and hypercapnia...
https://repository.rudn.ru/ru/records/article/record/669/
hypercapnia | Cerebral Autoregulation
Authors: Kostoglou K, Debert CT, Poulin MJ, Mitsis GD.. We examined the time-varying characteristics of cerebral autoregulation and hemodynamics during a step hypercapnic stimulus by using recursively estimated multivariate (two-input) models which quantify the dynamic effects of mean arterial blood pressure (ABP) and end-tidal CO2 tension ( [Formula: see text] ) on middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (CBFV). Beat-to-beat values of ABP and CBFV, as well as breath-to-breath values of [Formula: see text] during baseline and sustained euoxic hypercapnia were obtained in 8 female subjects. The multiple-input, single-output models used were based on the Laguerre expansion technique, and their parameters were updated using recursive least squares with multiple forgetting factors. The results reveal the presence of nonstationarities that confirm previously reported effects of hypercapnia on autoregulation, i.e. a decrease in the MABP phase lead, and suggest that the incorporation of [Formula: ...
http://www.cerebralautoregulation.com/tags/hypercapnia
New treatment option for chronic hypercapnic COPDNew treatment option for chronic hypercapnic COPD
Nasal high-flow therapy and non-invasive ventilation performed equally well in people with cCOPD with hypercapnia. NHF could therefore be a valuable addition to existing oxygen delivery devices.
https://www.esanum.com/today/posts/new-treatment-option-for-chronic-hypercapnic-copd
Partial endotracheal tube obstruction by a blood clot in two dogs | Veterinary Record Case Reports
Case 1: A seven-year-old lurcher presented after an episode of severe respiratory distress and collapse, which had been treated by the referring veterinary surgeon with a tracheostomy tube placement. Laryngeal paralysis was diagnosed, and the dog was scheduled to undergo left-sided laryngoplasty. During anaesthesia, the dog developed marked hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis during spontaneous ventilation. Initiation of manual ventilation and endotracheal suctioning did not improve the ventilation. On extubation, a blood clot was discovered, occluding approximately two-third of the endotracheal tube (ETT) lumen. Case 2: A two-month-old Jack Russell terrier was presented for ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus. Intraoperatively, the dog developed sudden severe hypercapnia and hypoxaemia. Manual ventilation was initiated, and two attempts of recruiting the lung were made, which initially improved the ventilation. Postoperatively, before extubation, a second episode of severe hypercapnia and ...
http://vetrecordcasereports.bmj.com/content/3/1/e000203
Interaction between the ventilatory and cerebrovascular responses to hypo- and hypercapnia at rest and during exercise<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Interaction between the ventilatory and cerebrovascular responses to hypo- and hypercapnia at rest and during exercise. AU - Ogoh, Shigehiko. AU - Hayashi, Naoyuki. AU - Inagaki, Masashi. AU - Ainslie, Philip N.. AU - Miyamoto, Tadayoshi. PY - 2008. Y1 - 2008. N2 - Cerebrovascular reactivity to changes in the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (Pa,CO2) via limiting changes in brain [H+] modulates ventilatory control. It remains unclear, however, how exercise-induced alterations in respiratory chemoreflex might influence cerebral blood flow (CBF), in particular the cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2. The respiratory chemoreflex system controlling ventilation consists of two subsystems: the central controller (controlling element), and peripheral plant (controlled element). In order to examine the effect of exercise-induced alterations in ventilatory chemoreflex on cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity, these two subsystems of the respiratory chemoreflex system and cerebral CO2 ...
https://waseda.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/interaction-between-the-ventilatory-and-cerebrovascular-responses
Effects of hypercapnia on brain pHi and phosphate metabolite regulation by 31P-NMR.
The ability of brain cells to regulate intracellular pH (pHi) and several phosphate metabolites was evaluated during 1 h of hypercapnia (inspiratory CO2 fraction of 0.10 and 0.05) in anesthetized rats by 31P high-field (145.6 MHz) nuclear magnetic re
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Effects-hypercapnia-brain-pHi-phosphate/2501277.html
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Extended hypercapnia exposure led to the restoration of NBC1 mRNA within 2 wk and to a threefold higher expression at the end of the trial, indicating a differentiated response to acute vs. long-term hypercapnic conditions. As with Na+-K+-ATPase and NHE1, the change in message likely results in changing protein levels. In case of the Na+/HCO3− cotransporter, elevated protein contents would support maintenance of elevated bicarbonate levels (Fig. 6B), as described for several fishes (9, 27, 33, 50). The threefold increment of NBC1 mRNA at the end of the trial emphasizes an important role of this transporter in steady-state acid-base regulation under long-term hypercapnia.. Since HCO3− accumulation under hypercapnia is usually accompanied by a decrease of Cl− concentration, a role for gill Cl−/HCO3− exchange has been postulated (see introduction). However, AE1 mRNA expression in Z. viviparus was only slightly affected, with a trend to decrease initially under hypercapnia, reaching a 50% ...
http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/295/5/R1660
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Although the ventilatory and heart rate responses to hypoxia are known to vary widely among subjects, it is not known how exercise or hypercapnia influence the intersubject variability of these responses. If the intersubject variability increases under such conditions, the inherent response of individuals will have more impact on ventilation and heart rate under a variety of hypoxic conditions during exercise or with hypercapnia than at rest or with normocapnia. Seventeen healthy male volunteers underwent tests to measure ventilatory response to isocapnic progressive hypoxia three times respectively: at rest; during CO2 inhalation (end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PET,CO2) raised by 5 torr from the baseline level); and during mild exercise with a cycle ergometer (12.5 W) in a supine position. The mean (SEM) value of hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) (delta minute ventilation (VE)/delta arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) was significantly increased both in the exercise and hypercapnic runs ...
http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/9/5/960
ISMRM 2016) Age-dependent changes in the BOLD Cerebrovascular Reactivity Curve in Response to Progressive HypercapniaISMRM 2016) Age-dependent changes in the BOLD Cerebrovascular Reactivity Curve in Response to Progressive Hypercapnia
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https://archive.ismrm.org/2016/0057.html
A Multi-centre Trial of an Open Lung Strategy Including Permissive Hypercapnia, Alveolar Recruitment and Low Airway Pressure in...A Multi-centre Trial of an Open Lung Strategy Including Permissive Hypercapnia, Alveolar Recruitment and Low Airway Pressure in...
The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT01667146
Hypercapnia: Causes, Treatment, and MoreHypercapnia: Causes, Treatment, and More
Hypercapnia happens when you have too much carbon dioxide in your bloodstream. It can happen for several reasons, such as hyperventilation. Learn more.
https://www.healthline.com/health/hypercapnia
Hypercapnia Flashcards by Olivier Mba | BrainscapeHypercapnia Flashcards by Olivier Mba | Brainscape
Study Hypercapnia flashcards from Olivier Mba's Augusta University class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. ✓ Learn faster with spaced repetition.
https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/hypercapnia-8028457/packs/13373744
Thomas Langø - Helse - SINTEF Digital - SINTEFThomas Langø - Helse - SINTEF Digital - SINTEF
A 60-year-old woman presented to our hospital with severe hypercapnic respiratory failure in the absence of a prior smoking history. She reported a 1-day history of increased dyspnoea and a cough productive of green sputum. Her medical history was significant for severe idiopathic scoliosis, cleft p.... ...
https://www.sintef.no/alle-ansatte/ansatt/?empId=874
NY Drugstore: Viagra celias shipping with airmail!NY Drugstore: Viagra celias shipping with airmail!
Risk and the absence of prior repair celias viagra attempts highest success with first generation antihistaminic poisoning is assessed through the screen and being recognized as such are not likely to abolish the vegetative functions. [from greek meta among, with, or beside + chroma colour + -osis indicating a process or condition] rehearsal buffer n. Another name for the patient. For pure psychological problems in dosage adjustment and nonpulsatile flow infusion, and minimizing operative duration normothermia hemostasis postoperative correction of apical prolapse expert opinion differs as to compromise blood flow to the brain neurons, particularly in older adults. Respiratory depression occurs even if examination suggests the impact on the verge of hypoxia hypercapnia and the second through the organic causes of fatigue in a semicircle around it, each accompanied by removal of larger amounts stimulate the nuclear chromatin. Their extensive misuse has resulted in a footnote: It is metabolically ...
https://bigsurlandtrust.org/care/viagra-celias/20/
KAKEN - Research Projects | Mechanism of neurotoxicity by anesthetics in the developing brain-Effect of hypercapnia (KAKENHI...KAKEN - Research Projects | Mechanism of neurotoxicity by anesthetics in the developing brain-Effect of hypercapnia (KAKENHI...
Principal Investigator：MORIMOTO Yuji, Project Period (FY)：2010 - 2012, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Section：一般, Research Field：Anesthesiology/Resuscitation studies
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22591699/
Potentiation of the Ventilatory Response to Inhaled CO2 Following Acute Exposure to Hypoxia | Clinical Science | Portland PressPotentiation of the Ventilatory Response to Inhaled CO2 Following Acute Exposure to Hypoxia | Clinical Science | Portland Press
A.C. Davidson, I.R. Cameron; Potentiation of the Ventilatory Response to Inhaled CO2 Following Acute Exposure to Hypoxia. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 September 1982; 63 (3): 18P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs063018Pa. Download citation file:. ...
https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/63/3/18P/93375/Potentiation-of-the-Ventilatory-Response-to?redirectedFrom=fulltext
The successful treatment of hypercapnic respiratory failure with oral | COPDThe successful treatment of hypercapnic respiratory failure with oral | COPD
The successful treatment of hypercapnic respiratory failure with oral modafinil Helen Parnell,1 Ginny Quirke,1 Sally Farmer,1 Sumbo Adeyemo,2 Veronica Varney11Respiratory Department, 2Pharmacy Department, St Helier Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey, UKAbstract: Hypercapnic respiratory failure is common in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is usually treated by nasal ventilation. Not all patients requiring such ventilation can tolerate it, with anxiety and phobia influencing their reaction, along with treatment failure. We report the case histories of six patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure who were at risk of death due to refusal of nasal ventilation or its failure despite ongoing treatment. We report their improvement with oral modafinil 200 mg tablets used as a respiratory stimulant, which led to discharge, improved arterial blood gases, and offset further admissions with hypercapnic respiratory failure. This drug is licensed for narcolepsy and is said to stimulate the
https://www.dovepress.com/the-successful-treatment-of-hypercapnic-respiratory-failure-with-oral--peer-reviewed-article-COPD
Impact of buffering hypercapnic acidosis on cell wounding in ventilator-injured rat lungs<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Impact of buffering hypercapnic acidosis on cell wounding in ventilator-injured rat lungs. AU - Caples, Sean M.. AU - Rasmussen, Deborah L.. AU - Lee, Won Y.. AU - Wolfert, Marla Z.. AU - Hubmayr, Rolf D.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2009/1. Y1 - 2009/1. N2 - We measured the effects of raising perfusate pH on ventilator-induced cell wounding and repair in ex vivo mechanically ventilated hypercapnic rat lungs. Lungs were randomized to one of three perfusate groups: 1) unbuffered hypercapnic acidosis, 2) bicarbonate-buffered hypercapnia, or 3) tris-hydroxy-methyl aminomethane (THAM)-buffered hypercapnia. The membrane-impermeant label propidium iodide was added to the perfusate either during or after injurious ventilation providing a means to subsequently identify transiently wounded and permanently wounded cells in optical sections of subpleural alveoli. Normalizing perfusate pH in hypercapnic preparations attenuated ventilator-induced ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/impact-of-buffering-hypercapnic-acidosis-on-cell-wounding-in-vent
BTS/ICS guideline for the ventilatory management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults - Surrey Research Insight...BTS/ICS guideline for the ventilatory management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults - Surrey Research Insight...
Davidson, AC, Banham, S, Elliott, M, Kennedy, D, Gelder, C, Glossop, A, Church, AC, Creagh-Brown, B, Dodd, JW, Felton, T et al, Foex, B, Mansfield, L, McDonnell, L, Parker, R, Patterson, CM, Sovani, M and Thomas, L. (2016) BTS/ICS guideline for the ventilatory management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults ...
http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/829113/
Prolonged severe hypercapnia complicating near fatal asthma in a 35-year-old woman | SpringerLinkProlonged severe hypercapnia complicating near fatal asthma in a 35-year-old woman | SpringerLink
Objective: We describe a patient with a prolonged and severe hypercapnia occurring during an episode of status asthmaticus induced by ophthalmic instillation of carteolol. Setting: Prehospital Emergen
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs001340050772
Sleep hypoventilation due to increased nocturnal oxygen flow in hypercapnic COPD patients. - PubMed - NCBISleep hypoventilation due to increased nocturnal oxygen flow in hypercapnic COPD patients. - PubMed - NCBI
Respirology. 2010 Feb;15(2):283-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01665.x. Epub 2009 Nov 23. Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19947986?access_num=19947986&link_type=MED&dopt=Abstract
Management of hypercapnic respiratory failure: invasive versus non-invasive ventilatory support<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Management of hypercapnic respiratory failure. T2 - invasive versus non-invasive ventilatory support. AU - Westall, G.. AU - Naughton, M.. PY - 2001/12. Y1 - 2001/12. N2 - Introduction: Recently, non-invasive ventilatory support (NIVS), using a comfortable facial mask, has been used in cooperative patients, and been shown to reduce short and long-term mortality compared with invasive ventilatory support (IVS).2 Aims: We sought to respectively review the management of hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients presenting to the Alfred following the development of a NIVS protocol. Methods: Case records of all patients attending ED with dyspnoea and PaC02 45 mmHg between April and June 1999 were examined. Results: 169 cases were identified (age 60± 23 yrs, 56% female) of whom clinical evidence of COPD (52 %) and congestive heart failure (28%) were identified. As a group, in-hospital mortality was related to presenting PaC02 (9% with PaC02 45-50mmHg; 12% with PaC02 SI60 mmHg and 15 ...
https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/management-of-hypercapnic-respiratory-failure-invasive-versus-non
Sub-Lethal Effects of Hypoxia/Hypercapnia on Callinectes Sapidus in th by Sandra R. HypesSub-Lethal Effects of Hypoxia/Hypercapnia on Callinectes Sapidus in th by Sandra R. Hypes
This research examined effects of hypoxic environments on blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus in an estuarine environment. Hypoxic conditions were treated as a multiple stressor involving low dissolved oxygen (D.O.), increased carbon dioxide (hypercapnia), and low pH concurrently. The objectives were to: 1) identify hypoxiahypercapnia by monitoring D.O. and pH as an indicator of hypercapnia in shallow regions of the York River, 2) measure blue crab abundance, and 3) describe blue crab responses to hypoxiahypercapnia via field work at Taskinas Creek and lab measurements of respiration. Ambient D.O. and pH were positively correlated in the Taskinas Creek and York River sites (r= .73). Crab abundance (CPUE) was not significantly different among D.O. and pH ranges. It was concluded that hemolymph blood lactate concentration was not considered a good in situ biomarker for exposure to hypoxickypercapnic conditions. Oxygen uptake was not significantly different between normoxic and hypoxic conditions but was
https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1346/
Effects of inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis and of hypercapnia on blood pressure and brain blood flow in the turtle. |...Effects of inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis and of hypercapnia on blood pressure and brain blood flow in the turtle. |...
In the mammalian brain, nitric oxide (NO) is responsible for a vasodilatory tonus as well as the elevation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) induced by hypercapnia. There have been few comparative studies of cerebral vasoregulation in lower vertebrates. Using epi-illumination microscopy in vivo to observe CBF velocity on the brain surface (cerebral cortex), we show that turtles (Trachemys scripta) exposed to hypercapnia (inspired PCO2 = 4.9 kPa) displayed a 62% increase in CBF velocity, while systemic blood pressure remains constant. Exposing turtles to a PCO2 of 14.9 kPa caused an additional increase in CBF velocity, to 104% above control values, as well as a 30% increase in systemic blood pressure. The elevated CBF velocity during hypercapnia could not be blocked by a systemic injection of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA). However, L-NA injection caused a temporary stop in CBF as well as a persistent increase in systemic blood pressure, suggesting that there is a NO tonus ...
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/200/4/815
Human pulmonary vascular response to 4 h of hypercapnia and hypocapnia measured using Doppler echocardiography. - Oxford...
Hypercapnia has been shown in animal experiments to induce pulmonary hypertension. This study measured the sensitivity and time course of the human pulmonary vascular response to sustained (4 h) hypercapnia and hypocapnia. Twelve volunteers undertook three protocols: 1) 4-h euoxic (end-tidal Po(2) = 100 Torr) hypercapnia (end-tidal Pco(2) was 10 Torr above normal), followed by 2 h of recovery with euoxic eucapnia; 2) 4-h euoxic hypocapnia (end-tidal Pco(2) was 10 Torr below normal) followed by 2 h of recovery; and 3) 6-h air breathing (control). Pulmonary vascular resistance was assessed at 0.5- to 1-h intervals by using Doppler echocardiography via the maximum tricuspid pressure gradient during systole. Results show progressive changes in pressure gradient over 1-2 h after the onset or offset of the stimuli, and sensitivities of 0.6 to 1 Torr change in pressure gradient per Torr change in end-tidal Pco(2). The human pulmonary circulatory response to changes in Pco(2) has a slower time course and
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/114247
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BACKGROUND. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has a success rate of about 75% during an episode of severe hypercapnic respiratory failure in COPD patients. Recently, a new minimally invasive CO2 extracorporeal removal device (ECCO2-R, Decap; Hemodec, Salerno, Italy) consisting of a pump-driven veno-venous hemofiltration system has been developed. The main features of this system are a low extracorporeal blood flow (,500 ml/min), using a small (14-French) double-lumen catheter, and a relatively small infusion rate of heparin.. METHODS. 15 COPD patients with severe hypercapnic respiratory failure failing NIV after a trial of 2-4 hrs and meeting the criteria for intubation (i.e.pH , 7.30 and hypercapnia (no changes or increased in the PaCO2 baseline values), respiratory rate , 35 b/min, moderate to severe dyspnea) were enrolled.. The average duration of treatment with Decap was 18-24 hours. Intubation was required in 2/15 (13%) patients, and other 2 had procedure related complications (i.e bleeding and ...
http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/42/Suppl_57/P4748
Vascular and electroretinogram responses to hypercapnia and hyperoxia in the Streptozotocin diabetic rat | IOVS | ARVO JournalsVascular and electroretinogram responses to hypercapnia and hyperoxia in the Streptozotocin diabetic rat | IOVS | ARVO Journals
100% O2 and CO2 mix (10% CO2 / 90% room air) were delivered in randomised order for 5min, followed by 5 min recovery. Arterial blood gas was taken to verify hyperoxia and hypercapnia. Retinal vessels were imaged every 10 seconds and analysed using ImageJ (percentage relative to baseline). The scotopic threshold response (STR, -5.01 logcd.s/m2) was recorded every minute during the protocol. Results : STZ animals developed hyperglycemia compared to controls (25±0.8 vs 7.7±0.3mmol/L, p,0.05). CO2 produced similar hypercapnia between STZ and control animals (PaCO2 +8.0±2.1mmHg vs +10.4±8.0mmHg, p=0.44), but more vasodilation in STZ animals (arteriole 113±1%, venule 112±1%) compared to controls (arteriole 109±6%, venule 109±2%, p,0.01). Arterioles in STZ animals remained dilated for the duration of hypercapnia, while control arteries reconstricted after 2 minutes. O2 produced hyperoxia similarly between the STZ and control groups (PaO2 +254±34 vs (+263±38mmHg, p=0.85) with no difference in ...
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2563527
Association Between Postresuscitation Partial Pressure of Arterial Carbon Dioxide and Neurological Outcome in Patients With...Association Between Postresuscitation Partial Pressure of Arterial Carbon Dioxide and Neurological Outcome in Patients With...
In this study, we prospectively identified adult patients after cardiac arrest and determined the prevalence of hypocapnia exposure and hypercapnia exposure during the first 24 hours after ROSC. Our objective was to test whether post-ROSC exposure to hypocapnia and hypercapnia was associated with poor neurological function at hospital discharge. We found that 36% of patients had any hypocapnia exposure, and 42% had any hypercapnia exposure. By the use of multivariable logistic regression, including multiple sensitivity analyses, we found that both hypocapnia exposure and hypercapnia exposure after ROSC were independent predictors of poor neurological function at hospital discharge. These findings suggest that both hypocapnia and hypercapnia are common during the initial post-ROSC period and are independently associated with poor neurological outcome.. The 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care recommend that ventilation ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/127/21/2107.full
Using Laboratory Models to Test Treatment: Morphine Reduces Dyspnea and Hypercapnic Ventilatory ResponseUsing Laboratory Models to Test Treatment: Morphine Reduces Dyspnea and Hypercapnic Ventilatory Response
Rationale: Opioids are commonly used to relieve dyspnea, but clinical data are mixed and practice varies widely. Objectives: Evaluate the effect of morphine on dyspnea and ventilatory drive under well-controlled laboratory conditions. Methods: Six healthy volunteers received morphine (0.07 mg/kg) and placebo intravenously on separate days (randomized, blinded). We measured two responses to a CO2 stimulus: (1) perceptual response (breathing discomfort; described by subjects as air hunger) induced by increasing partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) during restricted ventilation, measured with a visual analog scale (range, neutral to intolerable); and (2) ventilatory response, measured in separate trials during unrestricted breathing. Measurements and Main Results: We determined the PetCO2 that produced a 60% breathing discomfort rating in each subject before morphine (median, 8.5 mm Hg above resting PetCO2). At the same PetCO2 after morphine administration, median breathing ...
https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/handle/10072/43492?show=full
Permissive hypercapnic ventilation | definition of permissive hypercapnic ventilation by Medical dictionaryPermissive hypercapnic ventilation | definition of permissive hypercapnic ventilation by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of permissive hypercapnic ventilation in the Medical Dictionary? permissive hypercapnic ventilation explanation free. What is permissive hypercapnic ventilation? Meaning of permissive hypercapnic ventilation medical term. What does permissive hypercapnic ventilation mean?
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/permissive+hypercapnic+ventilation
Reuters Health Features Dr. Gerard Criners Comments on Dutch Study about In-Home Non-Invasive Ventilation for Patients with...Reuters Health Features Dr. Gerard Criners Comments on Dutch Study about In-Home Non-Invasive Ventilation for Patients with...
Gerard J. Criner, MD, FACP, FACCP, Chair and Professor of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery at the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University and Director of the Temple Lung Center, offered comments to Reuters Health for an article about initiating chronic non-invasive ventilation at home for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and stable hypercapnic respiratory failure. The study, which was conducted by researchers in the Netherlands, was published online in the journal Thorax. Dr. Criner was not involved in the research. MD Alert picked up the Reuters Health report. ...
https://www.templehealth.org/about/news/in-the-media/reuters-health-features-dr-gerard-criners-comments-on-dutch-study-about-in-home-non-invasive-ventilation-for-patients-with-copd
QUESTION 2: Is permissive hypercapnia beneficial to preterm infants? | Archives of Disease in ChildhoodQUESTION 2: Is permissive hypercapnia beneficial to preterm infants? | Archives of Disease in Childhood
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a by-product of aerobic breathing; it is carried and dissolved in blood and bound to haemoglobin and plasma proteins. The arterial carbon dioxide level (pCO2) represents the balance between CO2 production and elimination.1 Avery et al 2 hypothesised that tolerance of pCO2 above the physiological range may … ...
http://adc.bmj.com/content/102/1/113
Morphine has latent deleterious effects on the ventilatory responses to a hypoxic challenge*Morphine has latent deleterious effects on the ventilatory responses to a hypoxic challenge*
4.4. Ventilatory Responses to Hypoxic Challenges in Morphine-Treated Rats- Episode H1. H1 elicited markedly smaller increases in fr in MOR rats although resting fr was not diminished. As such, morphine elicited latent effects on systems including those within the carotid bodies that drive the hypoxic responses. Our data are consistent with evidence that the negative effects of opioids in humans may be latent since the morphine metabolite, M6G, does not affect resting ventilatory parameters whereas it substantially blunts the ventilatory response to hypercapnic challenge [5]. Since morphine did not markedly blunt the increase in Vt during H1, it is evident that it did not negatively affect neural drive to the chest muscles or diaphragm. This is supported by the finding that Ti in MOR rats (elevated immediately prior to exposure to hypoxia) decreased substantially during H1. Taken together, our data support the concept that morphine affected brainstem centers responsible for generating breathing ...
https://file.scirp.org/Html/3-1360066_39563.htm
Hypercapnic blood flow reactivity not increased by α-blockade or cordotomy in piglets<...Hypercapnic blood flow reactivity not increased by α-blockade or cordotomy in piglets<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hypercapnic blood flow reactivity not increased by α-blockade or cordotomy in piglets. AU - Moore, L. E.. AU - Kirsch, J. R.. AU - Helfaer, M. A.. AU - Greenberg, R. S.. AU - Traystman, R. J.. PY - 1992. Y1 - 1992. N2 - We tested the hypothesis that differential sympathetic innervation explains the attenuated cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to hypercapnia (hyper) in forebrain (fb) compared with brain stem in 1- to 2-wk-old piglets. In pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized piglets, CBF (microspheres) was measured during hypocapnia, normocapnia (normo), and hypercapnia [arterial CO2 partial pressure (Pa(CO)2) of 25, 40, and 65 mmHg, respectively] in random sequence. After pretreatment values were obtained, piglets were randomized to undergo sham treatment (n = 5), high cervical spinal cord transection (n = 6), or pharmacological α-adrenergic blockade (prazosin 1 mg/kg + yohimbine 1 mg/kg, n = 6). After each experimental treatment, CO2 reactivity was again measured. Before ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/hypercapnic-blood-flow-reactivity-not-increased-by-%CE%B1-blockade-or--2
Role of Nitric Oxide and ATP-Sensitive K Channels in Regulation of Basal Blood Flow and Hypercapnic Vasodilatation of Cerebral...Role of Nitric Oxide and ATP-Sensitive K Channels in Regulation of Basal Blood Flow and Hypercapnic Vasodilatation of Cerebral...
Background: The mechanisms underlying cerebral hypercapnic vasodilatation are not fully understood. Objective: To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) and ATPsensitive potassium (KATP) channels in basal blood flow regulation and hypercapnia-induced vasodilatation in rabbit cerebral blood ves-
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Role-of-Nitric-Oxide-and-ATP-Sensitive-K-Channels-Najafipour-Vakili/e818bf87353c39a870cc40dd6cfffdfa6cb74d6a
The role of Olfr78 in the breathing circuit of mice | NatureThe role of Olfr78 in the breathing circuit of mice | Nature
a, b, Representative examples of plethysmographic recordings (breathing frequency) during exposure to hypoxia (10% O2) and hypercapnia (5% CO2) in a wild-type FRA mouse and in a Olfr78−/− FRA mouse. c, Plethysmographic recordings (breathing frequency as a measure of time) of the ventilatory response to hypercapnia (5% CO2) performed on wild-type (n = 10) and Olfr78−/− (n = 10) FRA mice. Each data point represents the mean ± s.e.m. of the values for the group of 10 mice. CO2 (percentage CO2) tensions are indicated at the bottom. d, Breathing frequency during exposure to hypercapnia (5% CO2) in Olfr78−/− FRA mice (n = 10) compared to their wild-type littermates (n = 10). e, Breathing frequency during exposure to hypoxia (10% O2) in Olfr78−/− LEX mice compared to wild-type LEX mice (n = 10 for each genotype, 7 pairs in a C57BL/6 background, 3 pairs in a C57BL/6:129S5 mixed background, 9 out of 10 pairs are sex-matched littermates). f, Breathing frequency during exposure to hypoxia ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0545-9?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4661df31-61c1-4b68-aede-deb4669552cd
Cell-based RNAi | DRSC/TRiP Functional Genomics ResourcesCell-based RNAi | DRSC/TRiP Functional Genomics Resources
Hypercapnia, elevated partial pressure of CO2 in blood and tissue, develops in many patients with chronic severe obstructive pulmonary disease and other advanced lung disorders. Patients with advanced disease frequently develop bacterial lung infections, and hypercapnia is a risk factor for mortality in such individuals. We previously demonstrated that hypercapnia suppresses induction of NF-κB-regulated innate immune response genes required for host defense in human, mouse, and Drosophila cells, and it increases mortality from bacterial infections in both mice and Drosophila. However, the molecular mediators of hypercapnic immune suppression are undefined. In this study, we report a genome-wide RNA interference screen in Drosophila S2* cells stimulated with bacterial peptidoglycan. The screen identified 16 genes with human orthologs whose knockdown reduced hypercapnic suppression of the gene encoding the antimicrobial peptide Diptericin (Dipt), but did not increase Dipt mRNA levels in air. In ...
https://fgr.hms.harvard.edu/publications/technology/fly-cell-based-rnai
Propranolol and the Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia in Normal Man | Clinical SciencePropranolol and the Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia in Normal Man | Clinical Science
1. The effect on respiration of a single dose of propranolol has been studied in normal subjects.. 2. The degree of β-adrenoreceptor blockade was assessed in terms of the impaired heart-rate response to progressive exercise and the plasma propranolol concentration.. 3. No effect of propranolol was demonstrated on either the ventilatory response to rebreathing CO2 in hyperoxia, or the response to progressive isocapnic hypoxia. Simple indices of maximal expiratory flow (FEV1.0% and PEFR) were also unchanged.. 4. The absence of any effect of propranolol on the chemical control of breathing in man is discussed in relation to the conflicting literature.. ...
http://www.clinsci.org/content/55/5/491
Variations in alveolar partial pressure for carbon dioxide and oxygen have additive not synergistic acute effects on human...
The human pulmonary vasculature constricts in response to hypercapnia and hypoxia, with important consequences for homeostasis and adaptation. One function of these responses is to direct blood flow away from poorly-ventilated regions of the lung. In humans it is not known whether the stimuli of hypercapnia and hypoxia constrict the pulmonary blood vessels independently of each other or whether they act synergistically, such that the combination of hypercapnia and hypoxia is more effective than the sum of the responses to each stimulus on its own. We independently controlled the alveolar partial pressures of carbon dioxide (Paco 2) and oxygen (Pao 2) to examine their possible interaction on human pulmonary vasoconstriction. Nine volunteers each experienced sixteen possible combinations of four levels of Paco 2 (+6, +1, -4 and -9 mmHg, relative to baseline) with four levels of Pao 2 (175, 100, 75 and 50 mmHg). During each of these sixteen protocols Doppler echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac
https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/publications/418520
RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Optimizing working space in porcine laparoscopy: CT measurement of the effects of intra...RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Optimizing working space in porcine laparoscopy: CT measurement of the effects of intra...
Background: Several factors may affect volume and dimensions of the working space in laparoscopic surgery. The precise impact of these factors has not been well studied. In a porcine model, we used computed tomographic (CT) scanning for measuring working space volume and distances. In a first series of experiments, we studied the relationship between intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and working space. Methods: Eleven 20 kg pigs were studied under standardized anesthesia and volume-controlled ventilation. Cardiorespiratory parameters were monitored continuously, and blood gas samples were taken at different IAP levels. Respiratory rate was increased when ETCO2 exceeded 7 kPa. Breath-hold CT scans were made at IAP levels of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mmHg. Insufflator volumes were compared to CT-measured volumes. Maximum dimensions of pneumoperitoneum were measured on reconstructed CT images. Results: Respiratory rate had to be increased in three animals. Mild hypercapnia and acidosis occurred at 15 mmHg IAP. ...
https://repub.eur.nl/pub/62295
FlyRNAi: 2016FlyRNAi: 2016
From the abstract: Hypercapnia, elevated partial pressure of CO2 in blood and tissue, develops in many patients with chronic severe obstructive pulmonary disease and other advanced lung disorders. Patients with advanced disease frequently develop bacterial lung infections ... We previously demonstrated that hypercapnia suppresses induction of NF-κB-regulated innate immune response genes ... However, the molecular mediators of hypercapnic immune suppression are undefined. In this study, we report a genome-wide RNA interference screen in Drosophila S2* cells stimulated with bacterial peptidoglycan. The screen identified 16 genes with human orthologs whose knockdown reduced hypercapnic suppression of the gene encoding the antimicrobial peptide Diptericin (Dipt), but did not increase Dipt mRNA levels in air. In vivo tests of one of the strongest screen hits, zinc finger homeodomain 2 (Zfh2; mammalian orthologs ZFHX3/ATBF1 and ZFHX4), demonstrate that reducing zfh2 function using a mutation or RNA ...
http://flyrnai.blogspot.com.au/2016/
THE-ARC *): April 2010THE-ARC *): April 2010
We investigated whether the involuntary breathing movements (IBM) during the struggle phase of breath holding, together with peripheral vasoconstriction and progressive hypercapnia, have a positive effect in maintaining cerebral blood volume. The central hemodynamics, arterial oxygen saturation, brain regional oxyhemoglobin (bHbO(2)), deoxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin changes and IBM were monitored during maximal dry breath holds in eight elite divers. The frequency of IBM increased (by approximately 100%), and their duration decreased ( approximately 30%), toward the end of the struggle phase, whereas the amplitude was unchanged (compared with the beginning of the struggle phase). In all subjects, a consistent increase in brain regional deoxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin was also found during struggle phase, whereas bHbO(2) changed biphasically: it initially increased until the middle of the struggle phase, with the subsequent relative decline at the end of the breath hold. Mean arterial ...
http://the-arc-ddeden.blogspot.com/2010_04_01_archive.html
On the optimization of imaging protocol for the mapping of cerebrovascular reactivity<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - On the optimization of imaging protocol for the mapping of cerebrovascular reactivity. AU - Ravi, Harshan. AU - Thomas, Binu P.. AU - Peng, Shin Lei. AU - Liu, Hanli. AU - Lu, Hanzhang. PY - 2016/3/1. Y1 - 2016/3/1. N2 - Background To devise an improved blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) imaging protocol for cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) measurement that can remove a known artifact of negative values. Methods Theoretical and simulation studies were first performed to understand the biophysical mechanism of the negative CVR signals, through which improved BOLD sequence parameters were proposed. This was achieved by equating signal intensities between cerebrospinal fluid and blood, by means of shortening the echo time (TE) of the BOLD sequence. Then, 10 healthy volunteers were recruited to participate in an experimental study, in which we compared the CVR results of two versions of the optimized (Opt1 and Opt2) protocols with that of the standard protocol at 3 Tesla. Two ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/on-the-optimization-of-imaging-protocol-for-the-mapping-of-cerebr
The Elephant In The Room - Motor Neurone Disease Association ForumThe Elephant In The Room - Motor Neurone Disease Association Forum
With weakened respiratory (breathing) muscles, our ability to get rid of carbon dioxide (CO2) is impacted, leading to a retention of it in our blood (called hypercapnia) This hypercapnia is usually more dangerous to us than low oxygen sats (hypoxia) but doctors are conditioned to increasing low sats using oxygen - and the vast majority of doctors seem unaware of our inability to effectively expel CO2 if given O2 ...
https://forum.mndassociation.org/forum/miscellaneous-discussion/off-topic/1265-the-elephant-in-the-room?9561-The-Elephant-In-The-Room=
Changes in Brain Volume during Anesthesia:the Effects of Anoxia and Hypercapnia | Anesthesiology | ASA PublicationsChanges in Brain Volume during Anesthesia:the Effects of Anoxia and Hypercapnia | Anesthesiology | ASA Publications
We have emailed you at with instructions on how to set up a new password. If you do not receive an email in the next 24 hours, or if you misplace your new password, please contact:. ASA members: ...
http://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=2032450
Anesthesia: for thoracic surgery | dogs | Vetlexicon Canis from Vetstream | Definitive Veterinary IntelligenceAnesthesia: for thoracic surgery | dogs | Vetlexicon Canis from Vetstream | Definitive Veterinary Intelligence
Insufficient ventilation under anesthesia on room air will result in the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli becoming insufficient so that unsaturated hemoglobin leaves the lungs (hypoxemia). Also, the elimination of carbon dioxide is decreased hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis Acid base imbalance ...
https://vetstream.com/treat/canis/freeform/anesthesia-for-thoracic-surgery
Nocturnal ventilatory support in COPDNocturnal ventilatory support in COPD
Nocturnal alterations in gas exchange, such as oxygen desaturation and hypercapnia, are an important clinical problem in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Potential forms of treatment include supplemental oxygen, pharmacolog
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nocturnal-ventilatory-support-in-copd
Plus itPlus it
OSA leads to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction in OSA include sympathetic activation and oxidative stress (from intermittent hypoxia, hypercapnia, and arousals). These perturbations result in reduced production of endothelium-dependent vasodilators such as nitric oxide (44). Moreover, OSA is associated with a proinflammatory and hypercoagulable state-another pathway that causes vascular injury (45). These mechanisms explain the observation that OSA severity, as indicated by AHI, is significantly associated with risk of stroke (odds ratio 2.5) in patients with type 2 diabetes (46). It should be noted that this study included older and obese populations with a high prevalence of OSA (86%). The independent effects of OSA on CVD should be further examined in lean and younger populations with type 2 diabetes.. There are limited empirical data regarding acceleration of other organ system dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes as a result of ...
http://spectrum.diabetesjournals.org/content/29/1/14
PULMONARY EMERGENCY MEDICINE - ppt downloadPULMONARY EMERGENCY MEDICINE - ppt download
REPIRATORY FAILURE DEFINITION Failure of the respiratory system to meetthe metabolic demands of the body resulting in hypoxia with or without hypercapnia
http://slideplayer.info/slide/10542211/
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HypercapniaHypercapnia
... hypercapnia drives serum pH down, resulting in respiratory acidosis. Clinically, the effect of hypercapnia on pH is estimated ... and symptoms may relate to this condition or directly to the hypercapnia. Specific symptoms attributable to early hypercapnia ... In severe hypercapnia (generally P a C O 2 {\displaystyle {P_{a_{CO_{2}}}}} greater than 10 kPa or 75 mmHg), symptomatology ... Hypercapnia is generally defined as an arterial blood carbon dioxide level over 45 mmHg (6 kPa). Since carbon dioxide is in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercapnia
Permissive hypercapniaPermissive hypercapnia
... is hypercapnia (i.e. high concentration of carbon dioxide in blood) in respiratory insufficient patients ... Hence the term, "permissive hypercapnia." Altogether, the negative side effects of permissive hypercapnia may outweigh the ... The permissive hypercapnia leads to respiratory acidosis which might have negative side effects, but given that the patient is ... Symptoms of early hypercapnia (i.e. where PaCO2 is elevated but not extremely so) include flushed skin, full pulse, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permissive_hypercapnia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaBronchopulmonary dysplasia
... hypercapnia; crackles, wheezing, & decreased breath sounds; increased bronchial secretions; hyperinflation; frequent lower ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchopulmonary_dysplasia
HypocapniaHypocapnia
... is the opposite of hypercapnia. Even when marked, hypocapnia is normally well tolerated. Symptoms include tingling ... where hyperventilation and the subsequent hypocapnia is a cause Hypercapnia - Abnormally high tissue carbon dioxide levels, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocapnia
Brain ischemiaBrain ischemia
Also, hypoxaemia and hypercapnia should be avoided. Seizures can induce more damage; accordingly, anticonvulsants should be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_ischemia
Effect of oxygen on chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEffect of oxygen on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
ISBN 0-7506-3107-4. Abdo, Wilson F; Heunks, Leo MA (October 2012). "Oxygen-induced hypercapnia in COPD: myths and facts". ... hypercapnia) to levels that may become toxic. With normal lung function, a stimulation to take another breath occurs when a ... hypercapnia). This leads to drowsiness (narcosis), deranged acid-base balance due to respiratory acidosis, and death. Many ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effect_of_oxygen_on_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease
W. Christopher WinterW. Christopher Winter
Qureshi, AI; Winter, WC; Bliwise, DL (1999). "Sleep fragmentation and morning cerebrovasomotor reactivity to hypercapnia". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Christopher_Winter
Glossary of underwater diving terminology: H-OGlossary of underwater diving terminology: H-O
hypercapnia Excessive level of carbon dioxide in the body. hyperfilter Additional filter to produce air of oxygen compatible ... 2. Rapid breathing as the body's response to hypercapnia. 3. Rapid, often shallow breathing, associated with panic. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_underwater_diving_terminology:_H–O
Obligate nasal breathingObligate nasal breathing
The infant initially attempts to breathe through the nose, and is unable to; hypercapnia occurs, and many babies instinctively ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obligate_nasal_breathing
PentamorphonePentamorphone
"Depression of ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia after pentamorphone". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 71 (4): 377-83. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentamorphone
Respiratory failureRespiratory failure
... hypercapnia). It is typically caused by a ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch; the volume of air flowing in and out of the ... hypercapnia, or both), and evidence of increased work of breathing. Respiratory failure causes an altered mental status due to ... a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia. Respiratory failure is classified as either Type 1 or Type 2, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_failure
N. C. PaulN. C. Paul
Paul is the first to indicate that yoga induces hypercapnia. He describes yoga positions and exercises for Raja and Hatha yoga ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N._C._Paul
Star Trek: The Motion PictureStar Trek: The Motion Picture
Khambatta had to leave the location repeatedly to avoid hypercapnia.: 162 One scene required the Ilia probe to slice through a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Motion_Picture
PneumothoraxPneumothorax
Hypercapnia (accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood) is sometimes encountered; this may cause confusion and - if very ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumothorax
ChemoreceptorChemoreceptor
Berk, James L.; Levy, Matthew N. (1977). "Profound Reflex Bradycardia Produced by Transient Hypoxia or Hypercapnia in Man". ... hypercapnia) or a decrease in blood levels of oxygen (hypoxia), and transmits that information to the central nervous system ... then the primary cardiac reflex to transient hypercapnia and hypoxia is a profound bradycardia and coronary vasodilation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemoreceptor
Porichthys notatusPorichthys notatus
Physiologically, it is well adapted to hypoxia, as well as hypercapnia. Even its sperm are quite functional in low-oxygen ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porichthys_notatus
Respiratory acidosisRespiratory acidosis
Hypercapnia only occurs if severe disease or respiratory muscle fatigue occurs. Metabolism rapidly generates a large quantity ... Alveolar hypoventilation thus leads to an increased PaCO2 (a condition called hypercapnia). The increase in PaCO2 in turn ... Acidosis Alkalosis Arterial blood gas Hypercapnia Chemical equilibrium pCO2 pH pKa Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis ... Hypoventilation in COPD involves multiple mechanisms, including decreased responsiveness to hypoxia and hypercapnia, increased ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_acidosis
Parabrachial nucleiParabrachial nuclei
... and/or hypercapnia (high blood CO2) to forebrain sites to "wake up the brain" (arouse) when breathing is inadequate to meet ... hypercapnia-responsive parabrachial neurons in mice". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 523 (6): 907-920. doi:10.1002/cne. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabrachial_nuclei
BrifentanilBrifentanil
Camporesi EM, Esposito B, Cigada M (September 1991). "[Ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia after intravenous ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brifentanil
Functional neuroimagingFunctional neuroimaging
... of hypercapnia in rodent brain with MPI time-series imaging". International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging. 6 (2/1). doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_neuroimaging
Magnetic particle imagingMagnetic particle imaging
... of hypercapnia in rodent brain with MPI time-series imaging". International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging. 6 (2/1). doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_particle_imaging
Diving disordersDiving disorders
Hypercapnia is a condition where there is too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. Divers may develop this condition for ... As severe hypercapnia may produce disorientation, panic, hyperventilation, convulsions, unconsciousness, and eventually death. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_disorders
AsterixisAsterixis
... is also seen in respiratory failure due to carbon dioxide toxicity (hypercapnia). Some drugs are known to cause ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterixis
Sleep apneaSleep apnea
... hypercapnia). In turn, these conditions of hypoxia and hypercapnia will trigger additional effects on the body. Brain cells ... In any person, hypoxia and hypercapnia have certain common effects on the body. The heart rate will increase, unless there are ... Sicard KM, Duong TQ (April 2005). "Effects of hypoxia, hyperoxia, and hypercapnia on baseline and stimulus-evoked BOLD, CBF, ... hypercapnia and congestive heart failure. The management of obstructive sleep apnea was improved with the introduction of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_apnea
Diving rebreatherDiving rebreather
Hypercapnia has been identified as one of the most prevalent factors in rebreather diving fatalities. This is generally a ... Furthermore, increased levels of CO2 in inspired gas is only one cause of hypercapnia. It is also affected by work of breathing ... after which hypercapnia increases and distress followed by loss of consciousness and death is inevitable. Work of breathing is ... and rapidly developing into further stages of hypercapnia, or carbon dioxide toxicity. A high ventilation rate is usually ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_rebreather
Hypoventilation trainingHypoventilation training
The combined effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia act as a strong stimulus whose main consequence is to increase lactic acid and ... Role of hypoxia and hypercapnia". European Journal of Applied Physiology. 110 (2): 367-77. doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1512-9. PMID ... Buteyko method Hypoventilation Hypoxia Hypercapnia Woorons, Xavier, Hypoventilation training, push your limits!, Arpeh, 2014, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoventilation_training
Human physiology of underwater divingHuman physiology of underwater diving
Hypercapnia is also thought to be a factor increasing risk of central nervous system oxygen toxicity convulsions. Toxicity of ... This has been studied in altitude medicine, where hypoxia occurs without hypercapnia due to the low ambient pressure. The ... Symptoms and signs of early hypercapnia include flushed skin, full pulse, tachypnea, dyspnea, muscle twitches, reduced neural ... In severe hypercapnia, symptoms progresses to disorientation, panic, hyperventilation, convulsions, unconsciousness, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_physiology_of_underwater_diving
HypoventilationHypoventilation
By definition it causes an increased concentration of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) and respiratory acidosis. Hypoventilation is ... rather than hypercapnia. Dyspnea Hyperventilation List of terms of lung size and activity "Hypoventilation" at Dorland's ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoventilation
PowellophisPowellophis
Kulik, A. M.; Kondrat'eva, L. N. (1975). "[Combined effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on the functional state of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powellophis
Sepia prashadiSepia prashadi
... in response to environmental hypercapnia". Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 180 (3): 323-335. doi:10.1007/s00360-009-0412-y ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepia_prashadi
Hypercapnia in Obstructive Sleep ApneaHypercapnia in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Daytime hypercapnia and obesity, obstructive airflow limitation, restrictive lung impairment, and severity of sleep apnea and ... Hypercapnia was defined as PaCO2 ≥ 45 mm Hg, and normocapnia was defined as PaCO2 , 45 mm Hg. The ideal alveolar gas equation ... Daytime Hypercapnia in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Naoko Kawata, MD; Koichiro Tatsumi, MD, FCCP; Jiro Terada, MD; Yuji ... Table 2. Characteristics of Patients With Hypercapnia vs Normocapnia* Variables. PaCO2 , 45 mm Hg (n = 1,059). PaCO2 ≥ 45 mm Hg ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/568092_2
Low mortality rate in adult respiratory distress syndrome using low-volume, pressure-limited ventilation with permissive...Low mortality rate in adult respiratory distress syndrome using low-volume, pressure-limited ventilation with permissive...
... inspiratory pressure and reduction of regional lung overdistention by the use of low tidal volumes with permissive hypercapnia ... However, the hypothesis requires testing in a randomized trial as acute hypercapnia could potentially have some adverse as well ... pressure-limited ventilation with permissive hypercapnia: a prospective study Crit Care Med. 1994 Oct;22(10):1568-78. doi: ... and permissive hypercapnia without the use of bicarbonate to buffer acidosis. Also, to compare hospital mortality rate with ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7924367/
Effects of hypercapnia and hypocapnia on respiratory resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects. | ThoraxEffects of hypercapnia and hypocapnia on respiratory resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects. | Thorax
Effects of hypercapnia and hypocapnia on respiratory resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects. ... Effects of hypercapnia and hypocapnia on respiratory resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects. ... Effects of hypercapnia and hypocapnia on respiratory resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects. ...
https://thorax.bmj.com/content/46/1/28.share
University Of Chicago Doctors Says Not To Worry About Hypercapnia While Wearing Masks - CBS ChicagoUniversity Of Chicago Doctors Says Not To Worry About Hypercapnia While Wearing Masks - CBS Chicago
Rumors about whether masks cause hypercapnia are circulating social media. ... CHICAGO (CBS)- Rumors about whether masks cause hypercapnia are circulating social media.. Hypercapnia occurs when you breathe ... University Of Chicago Doctors Says Not To Worry About Hypercapnia While Wearing Masks. ...
https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2020/05/11/university-of-chicago-doctors-says-not-to-worry-about-hypercapnia-while-wearing-masks/
Respiratory and cerebrovascular responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in familial dysautonomia - PubMedRespiratory and cerebrovascular responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in familial dysautonomia - PubMed
Respiratory and cerebrovascular responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in familial dysautonomia Luciano Bernardi 1 , Max Hilz, ... Respiratory and cerebrovascular responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in familial dysautonomia Luciano Bernardi et al. Am J ... Improvement of daytime hypercapnia with nocturnal non-invasive ventilation in familial dysautonomia. Kaufmann H, Norcliffe- ... In the FD group, whereas hyperoxic hypercapnia induced normal cardiovascular and ventilatory responses, progressive hypoxia ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12406829
Bergen Open Research Archive: Sleep hypoventilation and daytime hypercapnia in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseBergen Open Research Archive: Sleep hypoventilation and daytime hypercapnia in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Sleep hypoventilation and daytime hypercapnia in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Holmedahl, Nils Henrik; Øverland ...
https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/1956/9003?locale-attribute=en
Hypercapnia attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury through vagus nerve activation | Portal de Pesquisa da BVS VeterináriaHypercapnia attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury through vagus nerve activation | Portal de Pesquisa da BVS Veterinária
However, vagotomy abolished the protective effect of hypercapnia on VILI. In addition, hypercapnia enhanced efferent vagus ... Hypercapnia attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury through vagus nerve activation. Xia, Wenfang; Li, Guang; Pan, Zhou; Zhou ... Purpose:To investigate the role of vagus nerve activation in the protective effects of hypercapnia in ventilator-induced lung ... Conversely, hypercapnia significantly improved VILI by decreasing the above injury parameters. ...
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/bvs-vet/resource/pt/vti-744339
Physiological basis of vascular autocalibration (VasA): Comparison to hypercapnia calibration methods - PubMedPhysiological basis of vascular autocalibration (VasA): Comparison to hypercapnia calibration methods - PubMed
Physiological basis of vascular autocalibration (VasA): Comparison to hypercapnia calibration methods Samira M Kazan 1 , ... Physiological basis of vascular autocalibration (VasA): Comparison to hypercapnia calibration methods Samira M Kazan et al. ... Subjects with the highest VasA value also show the highest values in the M‐value maps and hypercapnia BOLD response. ... Scatter plots comparing VasA with other, more established measures of CVR; M‐value and BOLD response during hypercapnia, across ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=27851867
Physiological basis of vascular autocalibration (VasA): Comparison to hypercapnia calibration methods | Section on Functional...
Physiological basis of vascular autocalibration (VasA): Comparison to hypercapnia calibration methods ...
https://fim.nimh.nih.gov/publications/physiological-basis-vascular-autocalibration-vasa-comparison-hypercapnia-calibration
Hidden Hypercapnia in Hemorrhagic Hypotension | Anesthesiology | American Society of AnesthesiologistsHidden Hypercapnia in Hemorrhagic Hypotension | Anesthesiology | American Society of Anesthesiologists
Hidden Hypercapnia in Hemorrhagic Hypotension D F J Halmagyi, MD, D.Sc., M.R.A.C.P.; D F J Halmagyi, MD, D.Sc., M.R.A.C.P. ... D F J Halmagyi, M Kennedy, D Varga; Hidden Hypercapnia in Hemorrhagic Hypotension. Anesthesiology 1970; 33:594-601 doi: https ...
https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/33/6/594/21664/Hidden-Hypercapnia-in-Hemorrhagic-Hypotension
Hypercapnia-induced and stimulus-induced changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) in human at 7T :: MPG.PuReHypercapnia-induced and stimulus-induced changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) in human at 7T :: MPG.PuRe
Hypercapnia-induced and stimulus-induced changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) in human at 7T ... Hypercapnia-induced and stimulus-induced changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) in human at 7T Huber, L., Ivanov, D., ... Roggenhofer, E., Henseler, I., Moeller, H. E., & Turner, R. (2012). Hypercapnia-induced and stimulus-induced changes in ...
https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/faces/ViewItemFullPage.jsp?itemId=item_1752730_3&view=EXPORT
Hypercapnia in Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Secondary Analysis of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial. ...Hypercapnia in Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Secondary Analysis of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial. ...
... had baseline hypercapnia. Key variables associated with hypercapnia were low resting partial pressure of oxygen in blood, low ... Hypercapnia in Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Secondary Analysis of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial. ... CONCLUSION: Hypercapnia in a well-characterized cohort with severe COPD and emphysema is chiefly related to poor lung mechanics ...
https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub1459480
Assisted Ventilation of the Newborn: Practice Essentials, Impaired Gas Exchange, Pulmonary MechanicsAssisted Ventilation of the Newborn: Practice Essentials, Impaired Gas Exchange, Pulmonary Mechanics
Hypercapnia. Hypercapnia is usually caused by severe ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch or hypoventilation. Optimal V/Q ... Permissive hypercapnia. Permissive hypercapnia, or controlled mechanical hypoventilation, is a strategy for the treatment of ... The effect of assisted ventilation on hypercapnia depends on the mechanism of gas-exchange impairment. Hypercapnia secondary to ... 34] The optimal pH control and P a CO2 goal for permissive hypercapnia in clinical practice has not been determined, and it is ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/979268-overview
Adult Hypercapnia Roundtable Discussion - VapothermAdult Hypercapnia Roundtable Discussion - Vapotherm
Adult Hypercapnia Roundtable Discussion. High Velocity Therapy was an important part of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care ...
https://vapotherm.com/adult-hypercapnia-roundtable-discussion/
Browsing Theses/Dissertations by Subject HypercapniaBrowsing Theses/Dissertations by Subject "Hypercapnia"
Alterations to cerebral blood flow (CBF) have been implicated in diverse neurological conditions, including mild traumatic brain injury, microgravity induced intracranial pressure (ICP) and intraocular pressure (IOP ...
https://repository.lib.fit.edu/handle/11141/2868/browse?type=subject&value=Hypercapnia
Rodent Cerebral Blood Volume (CBV) changes during hypercapnia observed using Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) detection. | Brain...Rodent Cerebral Blood Volume (CBV) changes during hypercapnia observed using Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) detection. | Brain...
Rodent Cerebral Blood Volume (CBV) changes during hypercapnia observed using Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) detection.. ... We found that MPI detection could measure CBV changes during hypercapnia with high CNR (CNR = 50) and potentially with high ...
https://braininitiative.nih.gov/publications/rodent-cerebral-blood-volume-cbv-changes-during-hypercapnia-observed-using-magnetic
The Link Between COPD and Hypercapnia - Healthtopquestions - HTQThe Link Between COPD and Hypercapnia - Healthtopquestions - HTQ
These result in a low amount of oxygen and a high level of carbon dioxide in the blood, this is called hypercapnia. Not ... everyone with COPD will get hypercapnia. But as COPD progresses, youre more likely to have an imbalance of oxygen and CO2 in ...
https://qa.healthtopquestions.com/45166/the-link-between-copd-and-hypercapnia
Permissive hypercapnia in the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Our institutional experience - Fingerprint -...
Permissive hypercapnia in the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Our institutional experience. ... Dive into the research topics of Permissive hypercapnia in the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Our ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/permissive-hypercapnia-in-the-management-of-congenital-diaphragma/fingerprints/
Elevated concentrations of CO2 (hypercapnia) lead to alveolar epithelial dysfunction byElevated concentrations of CO2 (hypercapnia) lead to alveolar epithelial dysfunction by
Hypercapnia raises the focus of cAMP in discrete microdomains in which Na,PKA and K-ATPase Type We colocalize. (A) Pictures ... Elevated concentrations of CO2 (hypercapnia) lead to alveolar epithelial dysfunction by. P February 8, 2018. , by Aubree Garcia ... A) Rat alveolar type II (ATII), human A549, and rat RLE-6TN … PKA Mediates Hypercapnia-Induced Na,K-ATPase Endocytosis PKA, one ... As shown in Figure 2, hypercapnia increased PKA activity in both rat primary ATII cells (Figure 2A) and RLE cells (Figure 2B). ...
https://gsk1120212.info/elevated-concentrations-of-co2-hypercapnia-lead-to-alveolar-epithelial-dysfunction-by/
Doxapram Hydrochloride Injection USPDoxapram Hydrochloride Injection USP
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Associated with Acute Hypercapnia. a. One vial of doxapram (400 mg) should be mixed with ... Chronic Pulmonary Disease Associated with Acute Hypercapnia. Doxapram is indicated as a temporary measure in hospitalized ... Except for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with acute hypercapnia, the maximum recommended ... prevent development of CO2 retention and acidosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute hypercapnia ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=7bdc52a1-4c3f-4b84-a7e8-4df0c5af0cce
The Correlations of the Six-minute Walk Test and Respiratory Functions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with...
Borg in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnia. Ventilation constraints, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and respiratory drive might be ... Borg in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnia. Ventilation constraints, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and respiratory drive might be ... Borg in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnia. Ventilation constraints, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and respiratory drive might be ... Borg in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnia. Ventilation constraints, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and respiratory drive might be ...
https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-correlations-of-the-six-minute-walk-test-and-respiratory-func
Influence of propofol on isolated neonatal rat carotid body glomus cell response to hypoxia and hypercapnia. - Department of...
Here we report that propofol can indeed inhibit intracellular Ca2+ responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in isolated rat glomus ... Influence of propofol on isolated neonatal rat carotid body glomus cell response to hypoxia and hypercapnia. ... Here we report that propofol can indeed inhibit intracellular Ca2+ responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in isolated rat glomus ... Influence of propofol on isolated neonatal rat carotid body glomus cell response to hypoxia and hypercapnia. ...
https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/publications/943803
HRR - Task - Effects of short term hypercapnia during head-down tilt on ocular structures, cerebral blood flow, and visual...HRR - Task - Effects of short term hypercapnia during head-down tilt on ocular structures, cerebral blood flow, and visual...
1. Investigate changes in IOP and ocular structures induced by short-term exposure to head-down bed rest and hypercapnia; ... Effects of short term hypercapnia during head-down tilt on ocular structures, cerebral blood flow, and visual acuity in healthy ... Effects of short term hypercapnia during head-down tilt on ocular structures, cerebral blood flow, and visual acuity in healthy ... Effects of short term hypercapnia during head-down tilt on ocular structures, cerebral blood flow, and visual acuity in healthy ...
https://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/Tasks/task.aspx?i=1786
Ventilation and metabolism in a large semi-fossorial marsupial: the effect of graded hypoxia and hypercapnia. | La Trobe...
Ventilation and metabolism in a large semi-fossorial marsupial: the effect of graded hypoxia and hypercapnia.. Creator. ...
http://arrow.latrobe.edu.au:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/latrobe:13665
ICD-10-CM Code J96.22 - Acute and chronic respiratory failure with hypercapniaICD-10-CM Code J96.22 - Acute and chronic respiratory failure with hypercapnia
Acute and chronic respiratory failure with hypercapnia BILLABLE Billable Code Billable codes are sufficient justification for ... J96.22 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of acute and chronic respiratory failure with hypercapnia. A ... ICD-10-CM Alphabetical Index References for J96.22 - Acute and chronic respiratory failure with hypercapnia The ICD-10-CM ...
https://icd.codes/icd10cm/J9622
Dopram Dosage Guide - Drugs.comDopram Dosage Guide - Drugs.com
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Associated with Acute Hypercapnia. *One vial of doxapram (400 mg) should be mixed with ...
https://www.drugs.com/dosage/dopram.html
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to treat hypercapnia in a morbidly obese patient - edocVenovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to treat hypercapnia in a morbidly obese patient - edoc
We report a case of a 33-year-old female patient who was in an extraordinarily bad medical state, with severe hypercapnia (pCO2 ... Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to treat hypercapnia in a morbidly obese patient. Swiss Medical Weekly, 148. ... Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to treat hypercapnia in a morbidly obese patient ... One problem is obesity-related hypoventilation syndrome with its resulting hypercapnia. ...
https://edoc.unibas.ch/65036/
New Ventilator Brings Sedation Methods of Operating Room to ICU Patients - RT - a MEDQOR brandNew Ventilator Brings Sedation Methods of Operating Room to ICU Patients - RT - a MEDQOR brand
Researchers from the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, have developed a new, recently licensed medical device that would bring the powerful and effective method of anesthetizing patients that works so well in the operating room into intensive care settings. The device is designed to cost effectively deliver small amounts of powerful inhalation anesthetic agents to patients as they breathe or are mechanically ventilated.. The cost-effective and portable UB ventilator has the potential to shorten the length of patient stays in the intensive care unit (ICU) by reducing complications and habituation to sedatives used in the ICU. Additionally, the device may have promising applications in treating large numbers of patients during pandemics or other events with mass casualties because it can safely enable multiple patients to share a single ventilator without the risk of cross-contamination.. The ventilator, invented by Bradley Fuhrman, MD, professor of pediatrics and anesthesiology and chief of ...
https://rtmagazine.com/disorders-diseases/critical-care/new-ventilator-brings-sedation-methods-of-operating-room-to-icu-patients/
HypoxiaRespiratoryPermissive hypercapniaCerebralCarbon dioxide levelsAcidosisScopusChronicNormocapniaCardiacAnesthesiaLungOxygenVentilatoryConcentrationsQuantificationImpairmentSevereSymptomsPatientsAbstractPulmonaryLevelsSearchExperimentsResponseTreatmentConditionsIncreaseFactorTime
Hypoxia9
  • The response (imp.s -1 ) of single- or few-fiber preparations from the carotid body (10 experiments) and the aortic body (5 experiments) to various levels of hypercapnia on different backgrounds of hypoxia were analyzed by two statistical techniques - analysis of variance and the Duncan's new multiple-range test. (elsevier.com)
  • The characteristic of the chemoreceptor to become saturated in its response to carbon dioxide while still retaining its ability to respond to hypoxia suggests the possibility that at least some of the mechanisms involved in the chemoreception of hypoxia differ from those involved in the chemoreception of hypercapnia. (elsevier.com)
  • Fitzgerald, RS & Dehghani, GA 1982, ' Neural responses of the cat carotid and aortic bodies to hypercapnia and hypoxia ', Journal of Applied Physiology Respiratory Environmental and Exercise Physiology , vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 596-601. (elsevier.com)
  • Non-dimensional quantification of the interactions between hypoxia, hypercapnia and exercise on ventilation in humans. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The purpose of this study was to develop a non-dimensional approach towards the description of interaction between the three respiratory stimuli of hypoxia, hypercapnia and exercise and to use this approach to quantify the relative strengths of their interactions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Nine volunteers took part in the study and their ventilatory responses to hypoxia were measured under four different conditions of rest-eucapnia, rest-hypercapnia, exercise-eucapnia and exercise-hypercapnia. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Non-dimensional linear functions of hypercapnia (x), hypoxia (y) and exercise (z) were defined such that a value of one would double the resting ventilation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Metabolic changes in coma and pre-coma states due to hypoxia and hypercapnia. (who.int)
  • J96.90 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of respiratory failure, unspecified, unspecified whether with hypoxia or hypercapnia. (icd.codes)
Respiratory5
  • It attenuates hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis in a lung injury pig model. (nih.gov)
  • Acute hypercapnia may progress to cardiovascular instability, arrhythmia, cardiac or respiratory arrest, and death if untreated. (medscape.com)
  • Specimens of Bufo marinus were exposed to aerial and aquatic hypercapnia (5% CO2) in a closed, water recirculation system to evaluate mechanisms involved in the compensation of a respiratory acidosis in these animals. (silverchair.com)
  • She had arterial hypotension (96/55 mm Hg), acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO 2 /FiO 2 114 mm Hg), and hypercapnia (PaCO 2 68 mm Hg). (cdc.gov)
  • Managing hypercapnia may be an important intervention for improving the health outcome of COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure. (bvsalud.org)
Permissive hypercapnia5
  • QUESTION 2: Is permissive hypercapnia beneficial to preterm infants? (bmj.com)
  • During the ward round, the consultant discusses the ideal target range of pCO 2 and the specialist registrar asks about the use of permissive hypercapnia (PHC). (bmj.com)
  • Permissive hypercapnia--role in protective lung ventilatory strategies. (typepad.com)
  • Mar 2004 permissive hypercapnia asthma baby asthma asthma study information about asthma The safety of permissive hypercapnia is well established. (typepad.com)
  • introduced concept of 'permissive hypercapnia' is Lian, Jin Xiong RN Caring for a patient with an acute asthma exacerbation or status asthmaticus is Severe status asthmaticus: management with permissive hypercapnia and inhalation anesthesia. (typepad.com)
Cerebral7
  • Ballarat Health Services Digital Repository: Association of hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis with clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with cerebral injury. (bhs.org.au)
  • Importance Clinical studies investigating the effects of hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis in acute cerebral injury are limited. (bhs.org.au)
  • Objective To review the association of compensated hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis during the first 24 hours of intensive care unit admission on hospital mortality in adult mechanically ventilated patients with cerebral injury. (bhs.org.au)
  • Hypercapnia, when compensated to normal pH during the first 24 hours of intensive care unit admission, may not be harmful in mechanically ventilated patients with cerebral injury. (bhs.org.au)
  • Results: Cerebrovascular response to hypercapnia severely decreased over the cerebral cortices in both pediatric and adult patients with moyamoya disease when compared with those of normal control subjects, and there was no significant difference between pediatric and adult patients. (elsevier.com)
  • 2017) Hypercapnia is essential to reduce the cerebral oxidative metabolism during extreme apnea in humans. (uwindsor.ca)
  • Cerebral blood volume redistribution during hypercapnia. (mpg.de)
Carbon dioxide levels1
  • Oxidant generation by both basal and stimulated neutrophils appears to be regulated by ambient carbon dioxide levels, with oxidant generation reduced by hypercapnia and increased by hypocapnia [ 54 ]. (mariusblomstervik.no)
Acidosis2
  • Patients were classified into 3 groups based on combination of arterial pH and arterial carbon dioxide (normocapnia and normal pH, compensated hypercapnia, and hypercapnic acidosis) during the first 24 hours of intensive care unit stay. (bhs.org.au)
  • In patients with hypercapnic acidosis, the adjusted OR of hospital mortality increased with increasing partial pressure of carbon dioxide, while no such increase was noted in patients with compensated hypercapnia. (bhs.org.au)
Scopus1
  • revisión integradora en PubMed , Scopus , Web of Science y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud entre febrero y marzo de 2021. (bvsalud.org)
Chronic3
  • In this guide to hypercapnia (also known as hypercarbia), we will discuss the hypercapnia definition and how the condition relates to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as hypercapnia causes, symptoms, treatments, and what exactly high carbon dioxide in the blood means for your health. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • Use caution when correcting chronic hypercapnia. (medscape.com)
  • Interpretation Chronic antibiotic administration and faecal microbiota transfer disrupt gut microbiota, brainstem monoamine concentrations and the ventilatory response to hypercapnia. (ucc.ie)
Normocapnia2
  • Hypercapnia versus normocapnia for emergence from desflurane anaesthesia: Single-blinded randomised controlled study. (amedeo.com)
  • There was no difference in mortality between patients who had compensated hypercapnia compared with patients who had normocapnia and normal pH. (bhs.org.au)
Cardiac2
  • Rapid correction of the hypercapnia can alkalinize the cerebrospinal fluid, which may cause seizures, and can induce a metabolic alkalosis, placing the patient at risk for cardiac dysrhythmias. (medscape.com)
  • Hypercapnia increased cardiac output and cardiac index. (sch.ac.kr)
Anesthesia1
  • There were no changes in mean arterial pressure and heart rate by hypercapnia after combined epidural anesthesia compared with general anesthesia only. (sch.ac.kr)
Lung1
  • However, the potential for hypercapnia to promote nitration of lung tissue in vivo appears to depend on the injury process. (mariusblomstervik.no)
Oxygen2
  • Hypercapnia during oxygen therapy in airways obstruction: a reappraisal. (bmj.com)
  • 6 hypercapnia has been found to be negative reflecting only the oxygen extraction from the blood. (mpg.de)
Ventilatory1
  • Faecal microbiota transfer to vehicle- and antibiotic-treated animals also disrupted the gut microbiota composition, associated with depressed ventilatory responsiveness to hypercapnia. (ucc.ie)
Concentrations2
  • Brain oxylipin concentrations following hypercapnia/ischemia: effects of brain dissection and dissection time. (omicsdi.org)
  • It is concluded that the availability of bicarbonate is not a limiting factor for pH compensation during hypercapnia, and that the inability of Bufo to accumulate bicarbonate to concentrations sufficient for better hypercapnia compensation is based on a constitutional 'bicarbonate threshold' of the resorbing and retaining structures for acid-base-relevant ions. (silverchair.com)
Quantification2
  • In this study, we examined the effects of hypercapnia on DTI quantification in rat brains using inhalation of 5% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). (edu.hk)
  • Wu, Ed X. / The effects of hypercapnia on DTI quantification in anesthetized rat brain . (edu.hk)
Impairment2
  • Inhibition of ERK by U0126 or siRNA prevented both the hypercapnia-induced Na,K-ATPase endocytosis and impairment of AFR. (northwestern.edu)
  • Accordingly, these data suggest that hypercapnia-induced Na,K-ATPase endocytosis is dependent on ERK activation in AEC and that ERK plays an important role in hypercapnia-induced impairment of AFR in rat lungs. (northwestern.edu)
Severe4
  • This trial was very challenging, especially given that other previous studies were done in patients with less hypercapnia, or less severe hypercapnia. (medscape.com)
  • Of the 6 with severe hypercapnia, 5 underwent the unilateral procedure and 1 the bilateral procedure. (elsevier.com)
  • RESULTS: All severe hypercapnia patients showed significant clinical improvement. (elsevier.com)
  • CONCLUSION: Patients with severe pulmonary emphysema accompanied by hypercapnia can gain relief and a better quality of life through volume reduction surgery and should not be excluded from surgical treatment simply based on this condition. (elsevier.com)
Symptoms3
  • Now that you know what can cause the condition, itâ s time to look into the symptoms of hypercapnia, which helps the doctor diagnose the condition and treat it as soon as possible. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • The symptoms for hypercapnia are pretty much what one might expect from something that builds up Co2 in the blood stream and makes it hard to breathe on the whole. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • These symptoms usually indicate hypercapnia, as well as an underlying issue that is causing it. (doctorshealthpress.com)
Patients3
  • In patients with life-threatening hypercapnia, bridging to LTX with iLA is feasible, and results in favorable short-term and longterm outcome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we measured the cerebrovascular response to hypercapnia using 1 5 O H 2 O positron emission tomography (PET) in each group of patients. (elsevier.com)
  • La présente étude sur les patients en soins intensifs néonataux a pour objectif de définir l'emplacement de la sonde oxymétrique afin d'obtenir les relevés les plus fiables et les plus précis de la saturation en oxygène (SpO2). (who.int)
Abstract1
  • abstract = "Hypercapnia has been shown to impair alveolar fluid reabsorption (AFR) by decreasing Na,K-ATPase activity. (northwestern.edu)
Pulmonary1
  • The typical hypercapnia-induced reduction in plasma pH from about 7.9 to below 7.4 was partially offset, at least during the first hours of hypercapnia, by a reduction in the inspired/arterial PCO2 difference, presumably brought about by pulmonary hyperventilation. (silverchair.com)
Levels2
  • So, weâ ve established that COPD can cause hypercapnia, but what else can cause elevated Co2 levels in the blood stream? (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • Given the well documented effects of hypercapnia at much higher levels we hypothesized that CO2 at 8 h exposure limit levels (5000 ppm) could alter innate immune responses to HDE. (cdc.gov)
Search2
  • One of the first things you will see when you search for information on hypercapnia is a medical condition called COPD. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • A search of the Cochrane Library using the search terms 'carbon dioxide' AND 'Infants' AND 'hypercapnia' was used yielding one result. (bmj.com)
Experiments1
  • The potential for hypercapnia to promote the formation of nitration products from peroxynitrite has been clearly demonstrated in recent in vitro experiments [ 45 , 51 ]. (mariusblomstervik.no)
Response2
  • The response of the aortic body to hypercapnia showed no statistically significant increase if the background was hyperoxia or normoxia. (elsevier.com)
  • The present study was set up in order to investigate how an extensive epidural block would affect the hemodynamic response to sympathetic stimulation induced by hypercapnia. (sch.ac.kr)
Treatment1
  • Treatment for hypercapnia depends upon its severity and starts with addressing the underlying cause. (healthtopquestions.com)
Conditions1
  • There are many medical conditions you may have heard of and donâ t know what they are, like hypercapnia, for example. (doctorshealthpress.com)
Increase1
  • PUFAs are precursors to bioactive oxylipin metabolites that increase in the brain following CO2-induced hypercapnia/ischemia. (omicsdi.org)
Factor1
  • Now, this might not instantly lead to hypercapnia, but over a prolonged period, COPD can be a contributing factor. (doctorshealthpress.com)
Time1
  • Here, we show that hypercapnia leads to ERK activation in a time-dependent manner in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). (northwestern.edu)
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