Benzene
Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.
Benzoquinones
Skin Lightening Preparations
NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)
Flavodoxin
Hyperpigmentation
Hydroxocobalamin
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Quinones
Melanosis
Dicumarol
Photinia
Mutagens
Ochronosis
The yellowish discoloration of connective tissue due to deposition of HOMOGENTISIC ACID (a brown-black pigment). This is due to defects in the metabolism of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. Ochronosis occurs in ALKAPTONURIA, but has also been associated with exposure to certain chemicals (e.g., PHENOL, trinitrophenol, BENZENE DERIVATIVES).
Pyronine
Carbon-Carbon Ligases
Parabens
Dysidea
Pleurotus
A genus of basidiomycetous fungi, family POLYPORACEAE, order POLYPORALES, that grows on logs or tree stumps in shelflike layers. The species P. ostreatus, the oyster mushroom, is a choice edible species and is the most frequently encountered member of the genus in eastern North America. (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, p531)
Vitamin K 1
A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.
Sphingomonas
Naphthoquinones
Desulfitobacterium
Pentachlorophenol
An insecticide and herbicide that has also been used as a wood preservative. Pentachlorphenol is a widespread environmental pollutant. Both chronic and acute pentachlorophenol poisoning are medical concerns. The range of its biological actions is still being actively explored, but it is clearly a potent enzyme inhibitor and has been used as such as an experimental tool.
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Rifabutin
Anisoles
Vitamin K
A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.
Quinone Reductases
NAD(P)H:(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductases. A family that includes three enzymes which are distinguished by their sensitivity to various inhibitors. EC 1.6.99.2 (NAD(P)H DEHYDROGENASE (QUINONE);) is a flavoprotein which reduces various quinones in the presence of NADH or NADPH and is inhibited by dicoumarol. EC 1.6.99.5 (NADH dehydrogenase (quinone)) requires NADH, is inhibited by AMP and 2,4-dinitrophenol but not by dicoumarol or folic acid derivatives. EC 1.6.99.6 (NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone)) requires NADPH and is inhibited by dicoumarol and folic acid derivatives but not by 2,4-dinitrophenol.
Molecular Structure
Mixed Function Oxygenases
Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.
Multiple oligodeoxyribonucleotide syntheseson a reusable solid-phase CPG support via the hydroquinone-O,O'-diacetic acid (Q-Linker) linker arm. (1/775)
A strategy for oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis on a reusable CPG solid-phase support, derivatized with hydroxyl groups instead of amino groups, has been developed. Ester linkages, through a base labile hydroquinone- O, O '-diacetic acid ( Q-Linker ) linker arm, were used to couple the first nucleoside to the hydroxyl groups on the support. This coupling was rapidly accomplished (10 min) using O -benzotriazol-1-yl- N, N, N ', N '-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole as the activating reagents. Oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis was performed using existing procedures and reagents, except a more labile capping reagent, such as chloro-acetic anhydride, methoxyacetic anhydride or t-butylphenoxyacetic anhydride, was used instead of acetic anhydride. After each oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis, the product was cleaved from the support with ammonium hydroxide (3 min) and deprotected as usual. Residual linker arms or capping groups were removed by treatment with ammonium hydroxide/methylamine reagent and the regenerated support was capable of reuse. Up to six different oligodeoxyribonucleotide syntheses or up to 25 cycles of nucleoside derivatization and cleavage were consecutively performed on the reusable support. This method may provide a significant cost advantage over conventional single-use solid supports currently used for the manufacture of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides. (+info)Effects of pyrogallol, hydroquinone and duroquinone on responses to nitrergic nerve stimulation and NO in the rat anococcygeus muscle. (2/775)
1. The hypothesis that endogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects the nitrergic transmitter from inactivation by superoxide and that this explains the lack of sensitivity of the transmitter to superoxide generators was tested in the rat isolated anococcygeus muscle. 2. Responses to nitrergic nerve stimulation or to NO were not significantly affected by exogenous SOD or by the Cu/Zn SOD inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DETCA). 3. Hydroquinone produced a concentration-dependent reduction of responses to NO with an IC50 of 27 microM, and higher concentrations reduced relaxant responses to nitrergic nerve stimulation with an IC50 of 612 microM. The effects of hydroquinone were only slightly reversed by SOD, so it does not appear to be acting as a superoxide generator. 4. Pyrogallol produced a concentration-dependent reduction in responses to NO with an IC50 value of 39 microM and this effect was reversed by SOD (100-1000 u ml(-1)). Pyrogallol did not affect responses to nitrergic nerve stimulation. Treatment with DETCA did not alter the differentiating action of pyrogallol. 5. Duroquinone produced a concentration-dependent reduction of relaxations to NO with an IC50 value of 240 microM and 100 microM slightly decreased nitrergic relaxations. After treatment with DETCA, duroquinone produced greater reductions of relaxant responses to NO and to nitrergic stimulation, the IC50 values being 8.5 microM for NO and 40 microM for nitrergic nerve stimulation: these reductions were reversed by SOD. 6. The findings do not support the hypothesis that the presence of Cu/Zn SOD explains the greater susceptibility of NO than the nitrergic transmitter to the superoxide generator pyrogallol, but suggest that it may play a role in the effects of duroquinone. (+info)8-(N,N-diethylamino)-n-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate actions on calcium dynamics in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. (3/775)
AIM: To study 8-(N,N-Diethylamino)n-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB), a potent Ca(2+)-antagonist, actions on cellular calcium dynamics in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) cultures. METHODS: A7r5 VSMC were cultured with Fura-2 measurements of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i. RESULTS: TMB reduced [Ca2+]i from control levels and blocked [Ca2+]i increase caused by norepinephrine (NE) and 2,5-di (t-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ). [Ca2+]i reduction by TMB was further enhanced by ryanodine. CONCLUSION: TMB is an effective agent for blocking the [Ca2+]i increase caused by NE and BHQ and for enhancing the [Ca2+]i reduction caused by ryanodine. (+info)Biodegradative mechanism of the brown rot basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum: evidence for an extracellular hydroquinone-driven fenton reaction. (4/775)
We have identified key components of the extracellular oxidative system that the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum uses to degrade a recalcitrant polymer, polyethylene glycol, via hydrogen abstraction reactions. G. trabeum produced an extracellular metabolite, 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, and reduced it to 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone. In the presence of 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, the fungus also reduced extracellular Fe3+ to Fe2+ and produced extracellular H2O2. Fe3+ reduction and H2O2 formation both resulted from a direct, non-enzymatic reaction between 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone and Fe3+. Polyethylene glycol depolymerization by G. trabeum required both 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and Fe3+ and was completely inhibited by catalase. These results provide evidence that G. trabeum uses a hydroquinone-driven Fenton reaction to cleave polyethylene glycol. We propose that similar reactions account for the ability of G. trabeum to attack lignocellulose. (+info)Bioavailability and metabolism of hydroquinone after intratracheal instillation in male rats. (5/775)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate and extent of hydroquinone (HQ) absorption and first pass metabolism in the lungs of male rats in vivo. [14C]HQ in physiological saline was administered intratracheally via an indwelling endotracheal tube to simulate inhalation exposure to HQ dust. The bioavailability of HQ was determined by blood sampling simultaneously at arterial and venous sites beginning immediately after administration to conscious rats. Pulmonary absorption and metabolism, and systemic metabolism and elimination were determined by chromatographic analysis of parent compound and metabolites in blood samples after intratracheal administration of [14C]HQ at 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg. Pulmonary absorption of HQ was found to be very rapid with [14C]HQ detectable in arterial blood, and to a lesser extent in venous blood, within 5 to 10 s after dose administration. Only [14C]HQ was detected in the initial (5-10 s) arterial blood samples at all dose levels, indicating that pulmonary metabolism of HQ was not extensive. However, later blood samples (45-720 s) indicated rapid metabolism and elimination of the parent compound and metabolites after intratracheal absorption. The elimination half-life from the 0.1 mg/kg dose was allometrically scaled to human proportions and used to estimate the steady-state (maximum) human blood concentrations of HQ resulting from presupposed workplace exposures. The estimates indicated minimal levels of HQ in human blood after respiratory exposures of greater than 1 h at 0.1 or 2.0 mg/m3; these levels were less than background concentrations of HQ detected in human blood in previous studies. (+info)Antioxidants reversibly inhibit the spontaneous resumption of meiosis. (6/775)
We previously showed that the cell-permeant antioxidant 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) inhibited germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCC) of the rat. The objective of the present studies was to assess other antioxidants and whether such inhibition was reversible. Spontaneous GVBD in OCC incubated for 2 h was significantly inhibited (P < 0.005) by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA; GVBD = 19.4%), BHA (GVBD = 25.7%), octyl gallate (OG; GVBD = 52.2%), ethoxyquin (EQ; GVBD = 58.8%), 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-hydroxymethyl phenol (TBHMP; GVBD = 59%), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; GVBD = 59.5%), and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP; GVBD = 60.0%). Other antioxidants that produced lower but significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of oocyte maturation included propyl gallate (PG; GVBD = 70.3%), 2,4,5-trihydroxybutrophenone (THBP; GVBD = 71.4%), and lauryl gallate (LG; GVBD = 71.4%). Antioxidants that had no effect on oocyte maturation at the same concentration (100 microM) included ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and Trolox. Inhibition of GVBD was evident for up to 8 h of incubation of OCC and denuded oocytes (DO) with BHA or NDGA and was reversed by washing. NDGA was less potent than BHA for inhibition of GVBD in DO, unlike that seen with OCC. Oocyte maturation was induced by incubation of follicles for 3 h with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and this response was inhibited by BHA or NDGA. These findings support the conclusion that cell-permeant antioxidants inhibit spontaneous resumption of meiosis, which may implicate a role of oxygen radicals in oocyte maturation. (+info)Determination of hydroquinone in air by high performance liquid chromatography. (7/775)
A method for measuring hydroquinone in air was evaluated, both in the laboratory and in the workplace. The method involved sampling the inhalable fraction onto a filter contained in a multi-holed sampler with a back-up of Tenax TA, followed by desorption into acetonitrile and analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. It was shown to be effective at measuring hydroquinone over the range 0.1 to 2 times a concentration of 0.5 mg/m3 for 8 h. (+info)Induction of human UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7) by t-butylhydroquinone and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Caco-2 cells. (8/775)
Human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cells were used to study the induction of UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 by aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists and by antioxidant-type inducers with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), respectively. Early- (PF11) and late-passage clones (TC7) of Caco-2 cells, which show low and high constitutive UGT1A6 expression, respectively, were selected. The following results were obtained: 1) In Caco-2 cells UGT activity (4-methylumbelliferone as substrate) was significantly enhanced by 10 nM TCDD or 40 to 80 microM TBHQ and 2) duplex reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed for the first time that the expression of human UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 was enhanced by 40 to 80 microM TBHQ; both UGT1A6 and UGT1A9 were induced by 10 nM TCDD, whereas UGT2B7 was not induced by TCDD. The results suggest that at least two human UGTs (UGT1A6 and UGT1A9) are inducible by aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists and even more isoforms (UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7) are inducible by antioxidant-type inducers in Caco-2 cells. (+info)HydroquinoneCream.us - Page 19 - Hydroquinone Cream, 2%, 4%, 8%, Side Effects, Reviews, Over the Counter, Best Hydroquinone...
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Hydroquinone
... is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms. Hydroquinone has been shown to be one of the ... The name "hydroquinone" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843. Hydroquinone is produced industrially in two main ways. The ... under the name of colorless hydroquinone, further below in more detail.) [Note: Wöhler's empirical formula for hydroquinone (p ... The useful dye quinizarin is produced by diacylation of hydroquinone with phthalic anhydride. Hydroquinone undergoes oxidation ...
Hydroquinone glucosyltransferase
... hydroquinone-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and hydroquinone, whereas its two ... In enzymology, a hydroquinone glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.218) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP-glucose ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:hydroquinone-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase. Other names in common use ... Arend J, Warzecha H, Stockigt J (2000). "Hydroquinone: O-glucosyltransferase from cultivated Rauvolfia cells: enrichment and ...
Hydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase
... (EC 1.13.11.66, hydroquinone dioxygenase) is an enzyme with systematic name benzene-1,4-diol: ... Hydroquinone+1,2-dioxygenase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 1.13.11 ... "Hydroquinone dioxygenase from pseudomonas fluorescens ACB: a novel member of the family of nonheme-iron(II)-dependent ...
4-Butylresorcinol
"Hydroquinones". Phenols-Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition. Scholastic. 2013. p. 76. (Articles without InChI ... Among several chemicals known to inhibit tyrosinase production, such as hydroquinone, arbutin, and kojic acid, 4- ...
1,4-Benzoquinone
H2O Both hydroquinone and catechol are produced. Subsequent oxidation of the hydroquinone gives the quinone. Quinone was ... Oxidation of hydroquinone is facile. One such method makes use of hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizer and iodine or an iodine ... Quinone is mainly used as a precursor to hydroquinone, which is used in photography and rubber manufacture as a reducing agent ... It is excreted in its original form and also as variations of its own metabolite, hydroquinone. 1,4-Benzoquinone is able to ...
Tin(II) chloride
SnCl2 also reduces quinones to hydroquinones. Stannous chloride is also added as a food additive with E number E512 to some ...
Urease
Phosphoramidates, the most commonly used in agriculture (see above). Hydroquinone and quinones. In medicine, the most ...
Mequinol
"Hydroquinone". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_499. Komen L, ... US 4933504, Correale M, Panseri P, Romano U, Minisci F, "Process for the preparation of mono-ethers of hydroquinones" "4- ... Gambarotti C, Melone L, Punta C, Shisodia SU (2013). "Selective Monoetherification of 1,4-Hydroquinone Promoted by NaNO2". ... Monobenzone (benzyloxyphenol) Hydroquinone Guaiacol 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde Stiefel Laboratories, Inc. "Full ...
Photographic developer
Hydroquinone is superadditive with metol, meaning that it acts to "recharge" the metol after it has been oxidised in the ... Hydroquinone can also be toxic to the human operator as well as environment; some modern developers replace it with ascorbic ... Developers for high contrast work have higher concentrations of hydroquinone and lower concentrations of metol and tend to use ... However, the staining effect only appears in solutions with very little sulfite, and most hydroquinone developers contain ...
Clathrate compound
Clathrates are formed when hydroquinone (PQ) solutions crystallize under pressure of some noble gases (G). They have the ... Other hydrogen-bonded networks are derived from hydroquinone, urea, and thiourea. A much studied host molecule is Dianin's ... Birchall, T.; Frampton, C. S.; Schrobilgen, G. J.; Valsdóttir, J. (1989). "Β-Hydroquinone xenon clathrate". Acta ...
Mercury poisoning
"FDA Proposes Hydroquinone Ban". Archived from the original on 2007-07-03.FDA bans hydroquinone in skin whitening products "NYC ...
William de Wiveleslie Abney
In 1880, he introduced hydroquinone. Abney also introduced new and useful types of photographic paper, including in 1882 a ...
Hyperpigmentation
In the EU hydroquinone was banned from cosmetic applications. Oral medication with procyanidin plus vitamins A, C, and E also ... Hydroquinone was the most commonly prescribed hyperpigmentation treatment before the long-term safety concerns were raised, and ... Several are prescription only in the US, especially in high doses, such as hydroquinone, azelaic acid, and kojic acid. Some are ... "Hydroquinone - Substance evaluation - CoRAP - ECHA". echa.europa.eu. Retrieved 2017-02-12. Handog, Evangeline (2009-07-20). "A ...
Acne
Hydroquinone is generally well-tolerated; side effects are typically mild (e.g., skin irritation) and occur with the use of a ... Hydroquinone is ineffective for hyperpigmentation affecting deeper layers of skin such as the dermis. The use of a sunscreen ... Hydroquinone lightens the skin when applied topically by inhibiting tyrosinase, the enzyme responsible for converting the amino ... In extremely rare cases, the frequent and improper application of high-dose hydroquinone has been associated with a systemic ...
Cystoseira elegans
Hydroxylated diterpenoid-hydroquinones can be isolated from C. elegans. Hydroxylated diterpenoid-hydroquinones from cystoseira ...
Dakin oxidation
Other synthetically useful products of the Dakin oxidation include guaiacol, a precursor of several flavorants; hydroquinone, a ...
Pyrogallol
Hydroquinone is more commonly used today. It is also used in isolation of inert gases from a mixture of gases, which requires ...
Phenols
... are oxidized to hydroquinones in the Elbs persulfate oxidation. Reaction of naphtols and hydrazines and sodium ...
Agaricus hondensis
Jovel E, Kroeger P, Towers N (1996). "Hydroquinone: the toxic compound of Agaricus hondensis". Planta Medica. 62 (2): 195. doi: ... Relatively high levels of the chemical hydroquinone are present in fruit bodies. Fungi portal List of Agaricus species Zeller ...
Georges Balagny
Hydroquinone et potasse, nouvelle méthode de développement... Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1889. Traité de photographie par les ...
1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate
with 90ppm hydroquinone - HDODA - 43203 - Alfa Aesar". www.alfa.com. Retrieved 2020-02-27. Ohara, Takashi; Sato, Takahisa; ... Like other acrylate monomers it is usually supplied with a radical inhibitor such as hydroquinone added. The material is ...
Azelaic acid
A 1996 review claimed 20% AzA is as potent as 4% hydroquinone after a period of application of three months without the ... It has been recommended as an alternative to hydroquinone. As a tyrosinase inhibitor, azelaic acid reduces synthesis of melanin ... Draelos, Z. (Sep-Oct 2007). "Skin lightening preparations and the hydroquinone controversy". Dermatologic Therapy. 20 (5): 308- ...
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone 1)
Vitamin K hydroquinone serves as a cofactor for vitamin K γ‐carboxylase that catalyzes γ‐carboxylation of specific glutamic ... NQO1 catalyzes the reduction of vitamin K1, K2 and K3 into their hydroquinone form, but it only has a high affinity for Vitamin ... A possible explanation is the accumulation of phenols and hydroquinone in the target organ-the bone marrow-and subsequent ... This enzyme facilitates the two electron reduction of quinone to hydroquinone. NQO1-mediated two electron reduction of quinone ...
Catalase
The larger of the pair, the storage chamber or reservoir, contains hydroquinones and hydrogen peroxide, while the smaller, the ... The oxygen oxidizes the hydroquinones and also acts as the propellant. The oxidation reaction is very exothermic (ΔH = −202.8 ...
Catechol
ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Lander, John J.; Svirbely, W. J. (1945). "The Dipole Moments of Catechol, Resorcinol and Hydroquinone ...
Benzene
... phenol to hydroquinone, and hydroquinone to both benzenetriol and catechol. Hydroquinone, benzenetriol and catechol are ... hydroquinone and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene. Most of these metabolites have some value as biomarkers of human exposure, since they ... hyperdiploidy and chromosome breakage in interphase human lymphocytes following exposure to the benzene metabolite hydroquinone ...
Gentisic acid
... is produced by carboxylation of hydroquinone. C6H4(OH)2 + CO2 → C6H3(CO2H)(OH)2 This conversion is an example of ... maleylpyruvate As a hydroquinone, gentisic acid is readily oxidised and is used as an antioxidant excipient in some ... "Hydroquinone" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 2005 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi: ... Hydroquinones, Salicylic acids, Dihydroxybenzoic acids, Phenolic human metabolites, Human drug metabolites). ...
Eurocentrism
The common products used were hydroquinone and corticosteroids. 75% of women who used these creams showed cutaneous adverse ...
Stain removal
Bleach Traditional bleach contains chlorine and/or hydroquinone. Chlorine can irritate and burn skin, as can skin-bleaching ...
Menadiol
... is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(COH)2(CH)(CH3). It is formally a derivative of p-hydroquinone. It is an ...
Hydroquinone | NIOSH | CDC
Exposure to hydroquinone may cause irritation to the eyes and central nervous system. Workers may be harmed from exposure to ... hydroquinone. The level of exposure depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done ... Hydroquinone (C₆H₄(OH)₂) is a light-tan, light-gray, or colorless crystal. ... Hydroquinone (C₆H₄(OH)₂) is a light-tan, light-gray, or colorless crystal. Exposure to hydroquinone may cause irritation to the ...
Hydroquinone - Canada.ca
Questions and answers regarding the uses of Hydroquinone and actions taken to protect the public and the environment. ... Hydroquinone. CAS Registry Number 123-31-9. The Final Screening Assessment for Hydroquinone was published on July 5, 2008 as ... While hydroquinone occurs naturally in some foods, there is no evidence to show that the natural presence of hydroquinone in ... Hydroquinone is used in the production of other chemicals. It is also used in a variety of industrial and consumer adhesives, ...
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Hydroquinone : health and safety guide World Health Organization; International Programme on Chemical Safety; United Nations ... Hydroquinone / published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour ... Evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to hydroquinone, a chemical found, in natural form, ...
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Hydroquinone (UNII: XV74C1N1AE) (Hydroquinone - UNII:XV74C1N1AE) Hydroquinone. 40 mg in 1 g. ... Each gram of Hydroquinone USP, 4% Skin Bleaching Cream contains 40 mg hydroquinone USP, in a vanishing cream base of aqua ( ... Published studies have demonstrated that hydroquinone is a mutagen and a clastogen. Treatment with hydroquinone has resulted in ... Chemically, hydroquinone is C6H6O2 and has a molecular weight of 110.11. The chemical name is 1,4 dihydroxybenzene, and the ...
Nomination Summary for Hydroquinone (N79382)
Process for the production of ditertiary butyl hydroquinone - Patent US-2511193-A - PubChem
hydroquinone topical Uses, Side Effects, Dosage & Interactions
Drug Information on hydroquinone topical includes side effects, uses, drug interactions, dosage, drug pictures, overdose ... Generic Name: hydroquinone topical. *What is hydroquinone topical?. *What are the possible side effects of hydroquinone topical ... Hydroquinone may cause numbness in these areas. Avoid exposure to sunlight or tanning beds. Hydroquinone topical can make you ... Do not use hydroquinone topical on open wounds or on sunburned, windburned, dry, chapped, or irritated skin. ...
fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical | Michigan Medicine
... hydroquinone, and tretinoin topicalPronunciation: FLOO oh SIN oh lone, HYE droe KWIN one, TRET in oinBrand: Tri-LumaWhat is the ... most important information I should know about fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical?Avoid exposure to sunlight or ... Fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical is for use only on the skin. If this medicine gets in your eyes or mouth, ... Fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical (for use on the skin) is a combination medicine used to treat melasma (dark ...
Pigmentation & Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone is used as a treatment for darkened skin areas such as freckles, age spots, brown spots and melasma. It is also ... Hydroquinone is a chemical found in many cream treatments for pigmentation problems. It is used to whiten the skin as a ... Pigmentation & Hydroquinone. adminsos 13th August 2011 Pigmentation & Hydroquinone. Hydroquinone is a chemical found in many ... While hydroquinone is an effective lightening agent, it is also potentially harmful. The use of hydroquinone is banned in some ...
Frontiers | Hydroquinone; A Novel Bioactive Compound from Plant-Derived Smoke Can Cue Seed Germination of Lettuce
This compound was identified as hydroquinone using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. At low concentrations (5, 10, and 20 ppm), ... This compound was identified as hydroquinone using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. At low concentrations (5, 10 and 20 ppm), compound ... Hydroquinone; A Novel Bioactive Compound from Plant-Derived Smoke Can Cue Seed Germination of Lettuce. Muhammad Kamran1†, Abdul ... 2009) identified hydroquinone from Podophyllum hexandrum, which was found to enhance wheat seedling growth (Li et al., 2009). A ...
No Hydroquinone, Means No Worries For Modus - RushPR News
NEWS RELEASE No Hydroquinone, Means No Worries for Modus. Dr.’s Applaud Europe’s New Import To Fight Signs of Aging ... in the benefit of medical grade skin care regimens but was forced to find alternatives to hydroquinone due to its ban in the EU ... nor do they want to incorporate hydroquinone with the FDA still undecided on its fate. The beauty of MODUS is that the system ... physicians seeking alternatives to hydroquinone (HQ) for their patients requesting anti-aging skincare and skin health. ...
A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial of Niacinamide 4% versus Hydroquinone 4% in the Treatment of Melasma
i,Objective,/i,. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of topical niacinamide versus hydroquinone (HQ) in melasma patients. ,i, ... To evaluate the therapeutic effect of topical niacinamide versus hydroquinone (HQ) in melasma patients. Patients and Methods. ... Diverse modalities in drug therapy have been used such as hydroquinone (HQ), which inhibits the tyrosinase enzyme activity. In ... A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial of Niacinamide 4% versus Hydroquinone 4% in the Treatment of Melasma. Josefina ...
FDA Funds Safety Monitoring and Expects Hydroquinone Monograph | Cosmetics & Toiletries
Hydroquinone is recognized as a potential carcinogen and cause of ochronosis, and has subsequently been banned in several ... Rules pertaining to skin bleaching cream are expected in May 2009 and will address the safety of hydroquinone in skin bleaching ... The products reportedly contain mercury and hydroquinone compounds, which according to the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS), ...
Cellulose organic acid ester plastics containing hydroquinone monosalicylate - Patent US-2839418-A - PubChem
4-Methoxyphenol Hydroquinone Monomethyl Ether - Carbomer
Ban On Hydroquinone/ Unsafe Skin Lightening - Fair & Flawless
Flawless products DO NOT contain hydroquinone, mercury or any other dangerous or banned ingredients. Our unique formulations ... Ban on Skin Bleaching Creams containing Hydroquinone Safe Skin Lightening Fair & ... Studies on rodents show only "some evidence" that hydroquinone may cause cancer. However, the drugs link to a disfiguring ... The creams typically contain a drug called hydroquinone, a possible carcinogen also linked to a skin-disfiguring condition, the ...
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Hydroquinone - Side Effects, Uses, Dosage, Overdose, Pregnancy, Alcohol | RxWiki
Get up-to-date information on Hydroquinone side effects, uses, dosage, overdose, pregnancy, alcohol and more. Learn more about ... Hydroquinone Topical 4% Topical Cream*Hydroquinone Topical 4% Topical Emulsion*Hydroquinone Topical 4% Topical Gel*Hydroquinone ... Fluocinolone/hydroquinone/tretinoin Topical 0.01%-4%-0.05% Topical Cream*Hydroquinone Topical 2% Topical Cream*Hydroquinone ... How was your experience with Hydroquinone?. First, a little about yourself. Male Female ...
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Hydroquinone - Mechanism, Indication, Contraindications, Dosing, Adverse Effect, Interaction, Hepatic Dose | Drug Index |...
Medical information for Hydroquinone on Pediatric Oncall including Mechanism, Indication, Contraindications, Dosing, Adverse ... Hydroquinone. Mechanism : Topical application of hydroquinone produces a reversible depigmentation of the skin by inhibition of ... Prior history of sensitivity or allergic reaction to hydroquinone or to any of the ingredients of the product. The safety of ... topical hydroquinone use during pregnancy or in children below 12 years has not been established. ...
Polyphenols; hydroquinone (quinol) and its salts imports from United States |2021
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Hydroquinone Photo Grade,Hydroquinone Cosmetic Grade-TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.
Determination of hydroquinone content in skin-lightening creams in Lagos, Nigeria
The study was aimed at investigating the concentration of hydroquinone content, if any, in various skin lightening cosmetics ... with label value of hydroquinone failed the USP specification for percentage purity of hydroquinone. In conclusion, the ... Determination of hydroquinone content in skin-lightening creams in Lagos, Nigeria. Author(s):. L Siyaka, AE Joda, HB Yesufu and ... Hydroquinone reference standard was used to prepare calibration curve. From the results obtained, Only 7 of the creams had ...
Hydroquinone 5% Cream Vitaquin 15g Skin Bleaching Agent, For Hyperpigm
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Hydroquinone Cream
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Hydroquinones | Profiles RNS
"Hydroquinones" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Hydroquinones" by people in this website by year, and whether ... Fungal hydroquinones contribute to brown rot of wood. Environ Microbiol. 2006 Dec; 8(12):2214-23. ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Hydroquinones" by people in Profiles. ...
TretinoinMelasmaHyperpigmentationCreamLimited the concentration of hydroquinoneBenzoyl peroxideSafety of hydroquinoneEffective than hydroquinoneLightenAlternativesDoctor or pharmacistGlycolicMonomethyl EtherContain hydroquinoneContains hydroquinoneIngredientsRetinoic acidRecommend hydroquinoneLustraExogenous ochronosisSunscreenIngredientMelaninEtherOchronosisNiacinamideArbutinIrritationOxidationSouth AfricaDark spotsTopical is usually appliedExposureDoseSkincareHydrocortisoneOverdoseMercuryKojicPregnancySensitivityChemicalsProductsCompoundsSkin bleac
Tretinoin24
- What is the most important information I should know about fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical? (uofmhealth.org)
- Fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical (for use on the skin) is a combination medicine used to treat melasma (dark skin patches) on the face. (uofmhealth.org)
- Fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. (uofmhealth.org)
- What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical? (uofmhealth.org)
- You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to fluocinolone, hydroquinone, or tretinoin. (uofmhealth.org)
- Using fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical during pregnancy could harm the unborn baby. (uofmhealth.org)
- Although your skin does not absorb as much tretinoin as if you were taking the medicine by mouth, it may be best not to use fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical if you are pregnant. (uofmhealth.org)
- It is not known whether fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. (uofmhealth.org)
- How should I use fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical? (uofmhealth.org)
- Fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical is for use only on the skin. (uofmhealth.org)
- Fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical is usually applied once per day, at least 30 minutes before bedtime. (uofmhealth.org)
- Fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical is for short-term use only until you get the desired results. (uofmhealth.org)
- Fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical should be used as part of a complete skin care program that includes avoiding sunlight, using an effective sunscreen (minimum SPF of 30), and wearing protective clothing. (uofmhealth.org)
- What should I avoid while using fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical? (uofmhealth.org)
- Fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical can make you sunburn more easily. (uofmhealth.org)
- Weezer mykel and carli b side new music downloads hold me undone the sweater song ( tretinoin hydroquinone maxi peel exfoliant solution ) alternate take. (wfcresources.com)
- super of hydroquinone tretinoin and fluocinolone acetonide cream india tadalafil such, response. (wfcresources.com)
- The combination of tretinoin and hydroquinone can be used as a skin lightening agent. (medscape.com)
- Tretinoin may help lighten lentigines, particularly when used in combination with hydroquinone. (medscape.com)
- top exporter said onWednesday, with a self-imposed slowdown in shipments set to bemaintained until hydroquinone tretinoin babyface solution mid-November. (thefinehealth.com)
- towards how to use hydroquinone tretinoin and mometasone furoate cream their priority health goals, log participation in health classes and events, generate personal. (thefinehealth.com)
- We compound Hydroquinone by itself or with Tretinoin . (cfspharmacy.pharmacy)
- View cart "A Ret HC Creams (Hydroquinone/Tretinoin/Hydrocortisone)" has been added to your cart. (hotmedz.com)
- Description This all-in-one Brilliant Skin Essentials® Brilliant Rejuv Set - Hydroquinone Tretinoin - is your partner to achieve your dream to have that lustrous, glass skin. (clicknbuy.qa)
Melasma18
- Hydroquinone USP, 4% Skin Bleaching Cream is indicated for the gradual bleaching of hyperpigmented skin conditions such as chloasma, melasma, freckles, senile lentigines, and other unwanted areas of melanin hyperpigmentation. (nih.gov)
- Hydroquinone topical (for the skin) is used to lighten areas of darkened skin such as freckles , age spots, melasma (sun damage), or chloasma (darkened skin caused by hormonal changes). (emedicinehealth.com)
- Hydroquinone is used as a treatment for darkened skin areas such as freckles, age spots, brown spots and melasma. (ag3derm.com)
- To evaluate the therapeutic effect of topical niacinamide versus hydroquinone (HQ) in melasma patients. (hindawi.com)
- Hydroquinone cream is used to remove dark spots on the skin ('hyperpigmentation', 'melasma' and 'age spots') that are caused by pregnancy, taking birth control pills or hormonal pills, or due to damage to the skin. (marsoclinic.com)
- Until the ban of hydroquinone, OTC products with this compound were widely sought by many individuals with darker skin tones to self-treat melasma and other forms of hyperpigmentation, according to Woolery-Lloyd. (medscape.com)
- Of the several controlled studies she cited, one double-blind randomized trial found niacinamide to be equivalent to hydroquinone for melasma on the basis of colorimetric measures. (medscape.com)
- The study compared 4% niacinamide cream applied on one side of the face with 4% hydroquinone cream applied on the other side in 27 patients with melasma. (medscape.com)
- In the study, 5% ascorbic acid cream on one side of the face was compared with 4% hydroquinone cream, applied on the other side, in 16 women with melasma. (medscape.com)
- In two older studies in medical journals published in Pakistan, both the 2% and 4% strengths of liquiritin cream outperformed hydroquinone on the basis of a Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) rating. (medscape.com)
- OTC products containing azelaic acid are also effective for hyperpigmentation based on published trials in which they were compared with hydroquinone for treating melasma. (medscape.com)
- In one study of 29 women with melasma cited by Woolery-Lloyd, 20% azelaic acid cream was more effective than hydroquinone 4% cream after 2 months of treatment on the basis of the mean MASI score (6.2 vs. 3.8). (medscape.com)
- In the case of tranexamic acid, Woolery-Lloyd cited a relatively recent study of 60 patients with melasma, comparing two strategies for applying tranexamic acid to treatment with hydroquinone over 12 weeks. (medscape.com)
- Hydroquinone (Lustra) cream is prescribed to lighten darkened areas of the skin such as freckles, melasma, liver spots, and other areas of hyperpigmentation. (canadianprescriptiondrugstore.com)
- A powerful 2% hydroquinone bleaching crème (formerly known as Melamin) that helps lighten hyperpigmented skin associated with conditions such as melasma, chloasma and severe sun damage. (myskinshop.com)
- Researchers on the Makati Medical Middle in Manila, Philippines in contrast a 20% azelaic acid therapy to a 2% hydroquinone therapy for melasma. (politikomreal.com)
- Over a interval of 24 weeks, 73% of the azelaic acid sufferers, in contrast with 19% of the buy hydroquinone cream sufferers, skilled good to glorious outcomes, primarily based on the discount of melasma colour depth and blemish dimension. (politikomreal.com)
- Hydroquinone is used for hyperpigmentation, melasma, dark spots and freckles. (cfspharmacy.pharmacy)
Hyperpigmentation5
- The most commonly used topical treatments for treating hyperpigmentation are usually hydroquinone or retinoids, which are quite irritating to the skin. (labmuffin.com)
- It's supposed to be less irritating than hydroquinone, but can sometimes cause temporary postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. (labmuffin.com)
- Hydroquinone should not be used for longer than 5 months at a time in order to prevent inflammation, resistance, and hyperpigmentation rebound. (myskinshop.com)
- To ease up under-eye hyperpigmentation, a dermatologist could recommend a skin-easing up cream with azelaic acid, kojic acid, glycolic acid, or hydroquinone. (biwell.site)
- Darker skin colors may need pre-treatment with hydroquinone to prevent hyperpigmentation. (magnoliaderm.org)
Cream19
- Hydroquinone is a chemical found in many cream treatments for pigmentation problems. (ag3derm.com)
- If you choose to apply an over-the-counter bleaching cream containing hydroquinone to your pigmentation problem areas, ensure you use it only as directed. (ag3derm.com)
- Despite concerns for the safety of hydroquinone in the use of pigmentation disorders, recent clinical studies have found that using a hydroquinone based cream alongside a broad spectrum SPF sunblock daily can be a very effective, non-irritating method for effectively treating pigmentation disorders. (ag3derm.com)
- Rules pertaining to skin bleaching cream are expected in May 2009 and will address the safety of hydroquinone in skin bleaching products. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
- Vitaquin Cream is a face cream that contains hydroquinone. (latestock.com)
- Read the package leaflet carefully before starting treatment with hydroquinone cream. (marsoclinic.com)
- In the first 24 hours of using hydroquinone cream, pay close attention to its side effects and if you experience itching and redness, do not use the cream. (marsoclinic.com)
- Using hydroquinone cream may increase skin sensitivity, use a suitable sunscreen with this cream. (marsoclinic.com)
- Try to use hydroquinone cream regularly to get the best results from using it. (marsoclinic.com)
- Note the expiration date of Hydroquinone Cream and do not take it if your medicine has expired. (marsoclinic.com)
- Never give hydroquinone cream to another person, even if you have the same symptoms. (marsoclinic.com)
- Check for drug interactions with hydroquinone cream, and if you are taking a drug that interacts with this drug, talk to your doctor about using your medications. (marsoclinic.com)
- Consult your doctor if you have any other symptoms that you feel are due to the use of hydroquinone cream. (marsoclinic.com)
- Hydroquinone is a 4% cream available in 30g tubes. (canadianprescriptiondrugstore.com)
- Then apply hydroquinone cream on top. (ibuildacademy.com)
- Nandrolone hydroquinone cream, nandrolone hydroquinone cream Retinol serum nadinola cream, price buy steroids online gain muscle. (ibuildacademy.com)
- It's popular in Scandinavian and Asian traditional medicine for its restorative properties, nandrolone hydroquinone cream. (ibuildacademy.com)
- This condition was also reported after treatment with a hydroquinone containing bleaching cream [7]. (who.int)
- Although different creams rate differently on effectiveness, a hydroquinone-based cream has proven the most effective in tattoo removal. (suehawthorne.com)
Limited the concentration of hydroquinone1
- Since 1983, South Africa has limited the concentration of hydroquinone in skin-lightening products to 2 percent to combat ochronosis. (fairandflawlessskin.com)
Benzoyl peroxide3
- Using hydroquinone topical together with benzoyl peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, or other peroxide products may stain your skin. (emedicinehealth.com)
- 2 oil-based + water-based skincare · #3 benzoyl peroxide + hydroquinone · #4 salicylic acid + glycolic acid · #5 sunscreen. (ibuildacademy.com)
- Some of the most common (yet drying) products include benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, retinol, and hydroquinone, which can irritate darker, sensitive skin types when used in excess. (lionpose.com)
Safety of hydroquinone1
- However, the uncertainty as to the safety of hydroquinone has prompted an exploration of the use of other ingredients in skin lightening creams. (ag3derm.com)
Effective than hydroquinone1
- These soaps are less effective than hydroquinone soap but are gentler on the skin. (usadrugguide.com)
Lighten2
- Hydroquinone is used to lighten dark areas of the skin. (rxwiki.com)
- hydroquinone is a skin bleaching agent that is supposed to lighten up these spots. (thehustlinhomemaker.com)
Alternatives9
- CHATTANOOGA, TN Via Palermo, Sicily,(rushprnews)May 30, 2007… MODUS’ sales continue to climb as this unique, multi-step regimen being embraced by U.S. physicians seeking alternatives to hydroquinone (HQ) for their patients requesting anti-aging skincare and skin health. (rushprnews.com)
- in the benefit of medical grade skin care regimens but was forced to find alternatives to hydroquinone due to its ban in the EU. (rushprnews.com)
- Cosmeceutical alternatives to hydroquinone, which is now restricted in the United States from inclusion in over-the-counter (OTC) products, are proliferating, along with new strategies to improve their efficacy, according to a report at the Skin of Color Update 2021. (medscape.com)
- Ten or 15 years ago, I was showing a slide with five [alternatives to hydroquinone]. (medscape.com)
- The growth in alternatives to hydroquinone is timely. (medscape.com)
- Hydroquinone is still available in prescription products, but she is often asked for OTC alternatives, and she says the list is long and getting longer. (medscape.com)
- What are the skin lightening alternatives to hydroquinone? (labmuffin.com)
- Safe alternatives to Hydroquinone. (visionsofvogue.com)
- We opt for safe and healthy alternatives that are four times more effective than outdated Hydroquinone. (amairaskincare.com)
Doctor or pharmacist1
- Before using Hydroquinone, inform your doctor or pharmacist of any allergies or sensitiveness to the product. (canadianprescriptiondrugstore.com)
Glycolic3
- sephora.com) , which contains 2 percent hydroquinone as well as glycolic acid. (realsimple.com)
- Commonly these will incorporate glycolic acid, retinoic acid or hydroquinone. (biwell.site)
- This contains 7% AHA, glycolic acid, and most importantly Hydroquinone. (thehustlinhomemaker.com)
Monomethyl Ether1
- It's also known as methoxyphenol, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, and p-hydroxyanisole. (labmuffin.com)
Contain hydroquinone2
- Fair & Flawless products DO NOT contain hydroquinone, mercury or any other dangerous or banned ingredients. (fairandflawlessskin.com)
- An estimated 65 companies in the United States sell roughly 130 different skin-bleaching creams and other products that contain hydroquinone, the FDA said. (fairandflawlessskin.com)
Contains hydroquinone2
- Forget about using a brightening serum that contains hydroquinone. (ibuildacademy.com)
- This is a small yet effective brightening serum that contains Hydroquinone, one of the best lightening skincare ingredients in the industry. (dailyvanity.com)
Ingredients2
- Prior history of sensitivity or allergic reaction to hydroquinone or to any of the ingredients of the product. (nih.gov)
- Besides Vitamin C, other ingredients that are often seen as great ingredients in dark spot correctors include Azelaic Acid, Retinol, and Hydroquinone, and they are ideal for medium to dark skin tones. (dailyvanity.com)
Retinoic acid1
- Hydroquinone, Retinoic acid and Mercury compounds are restricted for their use in acne-melasmacosmetics, according to Ministry of Public Health Regulation announcement, B.E. 2551. (who.int)
Recommend hydroquinone2
- However, some physicians do not recommend hydroquinone products to their patients. (ag3derm.com)
- How likely would you be to recommend Hydroquinone to a friend? (rxwiki.com)
Lustra1
- Bleaching creams with a higher percentage of hydroquinone such as Glyquin, Lustra and Melanex are available in the USA with a prescription. (ag3derm.com)
Exogenous ochronosis2
- Hydroquinone may produce exogenous ochronosis, a gradual blue-black darkening of the skin. (nih.gov)
- Potential side effects of the use of hydroquinone include exogenous ochronosis, in which blue-black pigmentation occurs to the skin. (ag3derm.com)
Sunscreen3
- Sunscreen use is an essential aspect of hydroquinone therapy because even minimal sunlight sustains melanocytic activity. (nih.gov)
- Some hydroquinone products may contain sunscreen. (emedicinehealth.com)
- I recommend applying hydroquinone at night, and wearing sunscreen in the morning is a must. (realsimple.com)
Ingredient4
- Proposing to include hydroquinone as a prohibited or restricted ingredient on Health Canada's Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist . (canada.ca)
- Ingredient of the Week: What is Hydroquinone and Does it Cause Cancer? (visionsofvogue.com)
- For this week's Ingredient of the Week post I'm talking about hydroquinone. (visionsofvogue.com)
- This pioneering ingredient is a safe alternative to harsh skin-brightening chemicals and is clinically proven to have a skin lightening effect four times stronger than outdated Hydroquinone. (amairaskincare.com)
Melanin5
- Hydroquinone works by decreasing the production of melanin pigment in the skin cells. (ag3derm.com)
- Hydroquinone whitens facial skin by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for the conversion of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine so that melanin production is reduced and the skin tissue formed is brighter. (latestock.com)
- It's not entirely clear how mequinol works, but it seems that it's similar to hydroquinone in that it mimics tyrosine and decreases tyrosinase's ability to make melanin pigment. (labmuffin.com)
- Hydroquinone is a chemical that works to decrease pigment and degrade melanin in the skin. (visionsofvogue.com)
- Like hydroquinone, arbutin disrupts the reactions that result in the formation of melanin. (politikomreal.com)
Ether1
- Oral PUVA is usually reserved for patients with vitiligo affecting more than 20% of their skin surface area, laser therapy is used when less than 30% of the skin is involved, and monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone is used to treat selected patients with extensive vitiligo affecting more than 50% of their skin, as it will depigment normal, unaffected skin. (medscape.com)
Ochronosis2
- Hydroquinone is recognized as a potential carcinogen and cause of ochronosis, and has subsequently been banned in several European countries. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
- Hydroquinone is also linked to ochronosis which results in thickened skin that turns a blue-grey color. (visionsofvogue.com)
Niacinamide2
- Like niacinamide, topical vitamin C has also been compared with hydroquinone in a double-blind, randomized trial . (medscape.com)
- Although the niacinamide trial and this study were performed 10 or more years ago, these data have new relevance with the ban of OTC hydroquinone. (medscape.com)
Arbutin1
- Whereas not a vitamin, arbutin is a naturally occurring hydroquinone present in crops. (politikomreal.com)
Irritation2
- Exposure to hydroquinone may cause irritation to the eyes and central nervous system. (cdc.gov)
- However, hydroquinone soap can also be dangerous if not used correctly, as it can cause adverse side effects such as skin irritation, browning of the skin, and even cancer. (usadrugguide.com)
Oxidation3
- Topical application of hydroquinone produces a reversible depigmentation of the skin by inhibition of the enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) (Denton, C. et al. (nih.gov)
- Hydroquinone lightens hyperpigmented skin by inhibiting enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine and suppressing other melanocyte metabolic processes, thereby further inhibiting melanogenesis. (medscape.com)
- Two meso-substituted chlorin-quinones, linked via the chlorin-positions 5 and 10, and a bacteriochlorin-quinone were obtained by reduction of a porphyrin- hydroquinone with diimine, followed by selective oxidation of the hydroquinone moiety with p--benzoquinone. (fu-berlin.de)
South Africa1
- The use of hydroquinone is banned in some countries, including South Africa, Japan and the member states of the European Union. (ag3derm.com)
Dark spots2
- Hydroquinone is an agent that works by physically lightening dark spots on the skin. (realsimple.com)
- If a product claims to brighten, whiten, remove dark spots, or even your skin, it's best to check the label for hydroquinone. (visionsofvogue.com)
Topical is usually applied1
- Hydroquinone topical is usually applied each morning and at bedtime. (emedicinehealth.com)
Exposure8
- Workers may be harmed from exposure to hydroquinone. (cdc.gov)
- The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to hydroquinone. (cdc.gov)
- Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Hydroquinone pdf icon -DHHS (NIOSH) No. 78-155. (cdc.gov)
- Presents a standard to prevent the adverse effects of exposure to hydroquinone over a working lifetime. (cdc.gov)
- Evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to hydroquinone, a chemical found, in natural form, in a number of plants and animals. (who.int)
- Tumors, leukemia, and kidney cancer all occur with heightened exposure to hydroquinone. (visionsofvogue.com)
- Studies have shown that people with increased exposure to hydroquinone have lower lung capacity and experience coughing. (visionsofvogue.com)
- occupational exposure to hydroquinone. (cdc.gov)
Dose1
- Before you start using hydroquinone topical, use a "test dose" to see if you have an allergic reaction to this medicine. (emedicinehealth.com)
Skincare1
- Hydroquinone does not have the same tendency so it is more widely used in skincare products. (visionsofvogue.com)
Hydrocortisone1
- Firm and fade creams, hydrocortisone capsules, and hydroquinone creams. (ibuildacademy.com)
Overdose1
- An overdose of hydroquinone topical is not expected to be dangerous. (emedicinehealth.com)
Mercury1
- The products reportedly contain mercury and hydroquinone compounds, which according to the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS), can only be used with a physician's oversight. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
Kojic1
- While many different types of whitening soaps are available on the market, some of the most effective include those using hydroquinone or kojic acid. (usadrugguide.com)
Pregnancy1
- The safety of topical hydroquinone use during pregnancy or for children (12 years and under) has not been established. (nih.gov)
Sensitivity1
- Hydroquinone can cause skin sensitivity and can thin the skin. (ag3derm.com)
Chemicals3
- The Final Screening Assessment for Hydroquinone was published on July 5, 2008 as part of Batch 1 of the Challenge initiative of the Chemicals Management Plan (CMP). (canada.ca)
- Hydroquinone is used in the production of other chemicals. (canada.ca)
- The most common chemicals in these creams are TCA or trifluoroacetic acid and hydroquinone. (suehawthorne.com)
Products7
- Hydroquinone (also known as 1,4-Benzenediol) is a chemical used by industry in the manufacture of certain products. (canada.ca)
- Hydroquinone is used in certain cosmetic products, such as manicure preparations and hair dyes. (canada.ca)
- Hydroquinone is also used in some health products, such as skin lightening preparations. (canada.ca)
- Proposing to regulate hydroquinone-containing health products as a prescription drug, rather than allowing products containing it to be sold over the counter (such as skin lightening products). (canada.ca)
- Companies are now investing in research and development of new products that even pigmentation without the use of hydroquinone. (ag3derm.com)
- Three of the four products (01, 07 & 08) with label value of hydroquinone failed the USP specification for percentage purity of hydroquinone. (thepharmajournal.com)
- After threats to do so for more than a decade, the Food and Drug Administration finally banned hydroquinone from OTC products in 2020. (medscape.com)
Compounds1
- Hydroquinone is one of the most common ant-melanocyte compounds found in prescription-strength skin lightening treatments. (bellaallnatural.com)
Skin bleac2
- Hydroquinone is a skin bleaching agent which may produce unwanted cosmetic effects if not used as directed. (nih.gov)
- Hydroquinone is a skin bleaching agent. (uofmhealth.org)