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HydroquinonesBenzeneArbutinBenzoquinonesPhenolSkin Lightening PreparationsNAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)FlavodoxinCatecholsBleaching AgentsHyperpigmentationHydroxocobalaminOxidation-ReductionPhenolsQuinonesMelanosisDicumarolPhotiniaMutagensOchronosisPyronineSorbic AcidCarbon-Carbon LigasesParabensDysideaPleurotusChlorophenolsVitamin K 1SphingomonasNaphthoquinonesDesulfitobacteriumPentachlorophenolVeillonellaceaeBiotransformationRifabutinAnisolesFacial DermatosesVitamin KBromatesMaleatesQuinone ReductasesMolecular StructureMixed Function OxygenasesElectron-Transferring FlavoproteinsDictionaries, ChemicalAgrochemicalsDictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as TopicBiopharmaceuticsGlycosidesLactams, MacrocyclicPatents as TopicHSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins
HydroquinonesBenzene: Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.ArbutinBenzoquinones: Benzene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.Phenol: An antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol.Skin Lightening Preparations: Substances used to obtain a lighter skin complexion or to treat HYPERPIGMENTATION disorders.NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone): A flavoprotein that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of NADH or NADPH by various quinones and oxidation-reduction dyes. The enzyme is inhibited by dicoumarol, capsaicin, and caffeine.Flavodoxin: A low-molecular-weight (16,000) iron-free flavoprotein containing one molecule of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and isolated from bacteria grown on an iron-deficient medium. It can replace ferredoxin in all the electron-transfer functions in which the latter is known to serve in bacterial cells.Catechols: A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2.Bleaching Agents: Chemicals that are used to oxidize pigments and thus effect whitening.Hyperpigmentation: Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.Oxidation-Reduction: A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).Phenols: Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.Quinones: Hydrocarbon rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.Melanosis: Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.Photinia: A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE. The common names of chokeberry or chokecherry are also used for some species of PRUNUS.Mutagens: Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.Ochronosis: The yellowish discoloration of connective tissue due to deposition of HOMOGENTISIC ACID (a brown-black pigment). This is due to defects in the metabolism of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. Ochronosis occurs in ALKAPTONURIA, but has also been associated with exposure to certain chemicals (e.g., PHENOL, trinitrophenol, BENZENE DERIVATIVES).Pyronine: Xanthene dye used as a bacterial and biological stain. Synonyms: Pyronin; Pyronine G; Pyronine Y. Use also for Pyronine B. which is diethyl-rather than dimethylamino-.Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.Carbon-Carbon Ligases: Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-carbon bond. These are the carboxylating enzymes and are mostly biotinyl-proteins. EC 6.4.Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)Dysidea: A genus of SPONGES in the family Dysideidae, in which all skeletal fibers are filled with detritus.Pleurotus: A genus of basidiomycetous fungi, family POLYPORACEAE, order POLYPORALES, that grows on logs or tree stumps in shelflike layers. The species P. ostreatus, the oyster mushroom, is a choice edible species and is the most frequently encountered member of the genus in eastern North America. (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, p531)Chlorophenols: Phenols substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position.Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.Sphingomonas: A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria characterized by an outer membrane that contains glycosphingolipids but lacks lipopolysaccharide. They have the ability to degrade a broad range of substituted aromatic compounds.Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.Desulfitobacterium: A genus of anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria in the family Peptococcaceae, that reductively dechlorinates CHLOROPHENOLS.Pentachlorophenol: An insecticide and herbicide that has also been used as a wood preservative. Pentachlorphenol is a widespread environmental pollutant. Both chronic and acute pentachlorophenol poisoning are medical concerns. The range of its biological actions is still being actively explored, but it is clearly a potent enzyme inhibitor and has been used as such as an experimental tool.Veillonellaceae: A family of gram-negative bacteria, in the phylum FIRMICUTES.Biotransformation: The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.Rifabutin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients.Anisoles: A group of compounds that are derivatives of methoxybenzene and contain the general formula R-C7H7O.Facial DermatosesVitamin K: A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.MaleatesQuinone Reductases: NAD(P)H:(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductases. A family that includes three enzymes which are distinguished by their sensitivity to various inhibitors. EC 1.6.99.2 (NAD(P)H DEHYDROGENASE (QUINONE);) is a flavoprotein which reduces various quinones in the presence of NADH or NADPH and is inhibited by dicoumarol. EC 1.6.99.5 (NADH dehydrogenase (quinone)) requires NADH, is inhibited by AMP and 2,4-dinitrophenol but not by dicoumarol or folic acid derivatives. EC 1.6.99.6 (NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone)) requires NADPH and is inhibited by dicoumarol and folic acid derivatives but not by 2,4-dinitrophenol.Molecular Structure: The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.Mixed Function Oxygenases: Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.Electron-Transferring Flavoproteins: Flavoproteins that serve as specific electron acceptors for a variety of DEHYDROGENASES. They participate in the transfer of electrons to a variety of redox acceptors that occur in the respiratory chain.Dictionaries, ChemicalAgrochemicals: Chemicals used in agriculture. These include pesticides, fumigants, fertilizers, plant hormones, steroids, antibiotics, mycotoxins, etc.Dictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as Topic: Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.Biopharmaceutics: The study of the physical and chemical properties of a drug and its dosage form as related to the onset, duration, and intensity of its action.Glycosides: Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)Lactams, Macrocyclic: LACTAMS forming compounds with a ring size of approximately 1-3 dozen atoms.Patents as Topic: Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins: A class of MOLECULAR CHAPERONES whose members act in the mechanism of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by STEROID RECEPTORS.

Multiple oligodeoxyribonucleotide syntheseson a reusable solid-phase CPG support via the hydroquinone-O,O'-diacetic acid (Q-Linker) linker arm. (1/775)

A strategy for oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis on a reusable CPG solid-phase support, derivatized with hydroxyl groups instead of amino groups, has been developed. Ester linkages, through a base labile hydroquinone- O, O '-diacetic acid ( Q-Linker ) linker arm, were used to couple the first nucleoside to the hydroxyl groups on the support. This coupling was rapidly accomplished (10 min) using O -benzotriazol-1-yl- N, N, N ', N '-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole as the activating reagents. Oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis was performed using existing procedures and reagents, except a more labile capping reagent, such as chloro-acetic anhydride, methoxyacetic anhydride or t-butylphenoxyacetic anhydride, was used instead of acetic anhydride. After each oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis, the product was cleaved from the support with ammonium hydroxide (3 min) and deprotected as usual. Residual linker arms or capping groups were removed by treatment with ammonium hydroxide/methylamine reagent and the regenerated support was capable of reuse. Up to six different oligodeoxyribonucleotide syntheses or up to 25 cycles of nucleoside derivatization and cleavage were consecutively performed on the reusable support. This method may provide a significant cost advantage over conventional single-use solid supports currently used for the manufacture of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides.  (+info)

Effects of pyrogallol, hydroquinone and duroquinone on responses to nitrergic nerve stimulation and NO in the rat anococcygeus muscle. (2/775)

1. The hypothesis that endogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects the nitrergic transmitter from inactivation by superoxide and that this explains the lack of sensitivity of the transmitter to superoxide generators was tested in the rat isolated anococcygeus muscle. 2. Responses to nitrergic nerve stimulation or to NO were not significantly affected by exogenous SOD or by the Cu/Zn SOD inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DETCA). 3. Hydroquinone produced a concentration-dependent reduction of responses to NO with an IC50 of 27 microM, and higher concentrations reduced relaxant responses to nitrergic nerve stimulation with an IC50 of 612 microM. The effects of hydroquinone were only slightly reversed by SOD, so it does not appear to be acting as a superoxide generator. 4. Pyrogallol produced a concentration-dependent reduction in responses to NO with an IC50 value of 39 microM and this effect was reversed by SOD (100-1000 u ml(-1)). Pyrogallol did not affect responses to nitrergic nerve stimulation. Treatment with DETCA did not alter the differentiating action of pyrogallol. 5. Duroquinone produced a concentration-dependent reduction of relaxations to NO with an IC50 value of 240 microM and 100 microM slightly decreased nitrergic relaxations. After treatment with DETCA, duroquinone produced greater reductions of relaxant responses to NO and to nitrergic stimulation, the IC50 values being 8.5 microM for NO and 40 microM for nitrergic nerve stimulation: these reductions were reversed by SOD. 6. The findings do not support the hypothesis that the presence of Cu/Zn SOD explains the greater susceptibility of NO than the nitrergic transmitter to the superoxide generator pyrogallol, but suggest that it may play a role in the effects of duroquinone.  (+info)

8-(N,N-diethylamino)-n-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate actions on calcium dynamics in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. (3/775)

AIM: To study 8-(N,N-Diethylamino)n-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB), a potent Ca(2+)-antagonist, actions on cellular calcium dynamics in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) cultures. METHODS: A7r5 VSMC were cultured with Fura-2 measurements of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i. RESULTS: TMB reduced [Ca2+]i from control levels and blocked [Ca2+]i increase caused by norepinephrine (NE) and 2,5-di (t-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ). [Ca2+]i reduction by TMB was further enhanced by ryanodine. CONCLUSION: TMB is an effective agent for blocking the [Ca2+]i increase caused by NE and BHQ and for enhancing the [Ca2+]i reduction caused by ryanodine.  (+info)

Biodegradative mechanism of the brown rot basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum: evidence for an extracellular hydroquinone-driven fenton reaction. (4/775)

We have identified key components of the extracellular oxidative system that the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum uses to degrade a recalcitrant polymer, polyethylene glycol, via hydrogen abstraction reactions. G. trabeum produced an extracellular metabolite, 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, and reduced it to 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone. In the presence of 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, the fungus also reduced extracellular Fe3+ to Fe2+ and produced extracellular H2O2. Fe3+ reduction and H2O2 formation both resulted from a direct, non-enzymatic reaction between 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone and Fe3+. Polyethylene glycol depolymerization by G. trabeum required both 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and Fe3+ and was completely inhibited by catalase. These results provide evidence that G. trabeum uses a hydroquinone-driven Fenton reaction to cleave polyethylene glycol. We propose that similar reactions account for the ability of G. trabeum to attack lignocellulose.  (+info)

Bioavailability and metabolism of hydroquinone after intratracheal instillation in male rats. (5/775)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate and extent of hydroquinone (HQ) absorption and first pass metabolism in the lungs of male rats in vivo. [14C]HQ in physiological saline was administered intratracheally via an indwelling endotracheal tube to simulate inhalation exposure to HQ dust. The bioavailability of HQ was determined by blood sampling simultaneously at arterial and venous sites beginning immediately after administration to conscious rats. Pulmonary absorption and metabolism, and systemic metabolism and elimination were determined by chromatographic analysis of parent compound and metabolites in blood samples after intratracheal administration of [14C]HQ at 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg. Pulmonary absorption of HQ was found to be very rapid with [14C]HQ detectable in arterial blood, and to a lesser extent in venous blood, within 5 to 10 s after dose administration. Only [14C]HQ was detected in the initial (5-10 s) arterial blood samples at all dose levels, indicating that pulmonary metabolism of HQ was not extensive. However, later blood samples (45-720 s) indicated rapid metabolism and elimination of the parent compound and metabolites after intratracheal absorption. The elimination half-life from the 0.1 mg/kg dose was allometrically scaled to human proportions and used to estimate the steady-state (maximum) human blood concentrations of HQ resulting from presupposed workplace exposures. The estimates indicated minimal levels of HQ in human blood after respiratory exposures of greater than 1 h at 0.1 or 2.0 mg/m3; these levels were less than background concentrations of HQ detected in human blood in previous studies.  (+info)

Antioxidants reversibly inhibit the spontaneous resumption of meiosis. (6/775)

We previously showed that the cell-permeant antioxidant 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) inhibited germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCC) of the rat. The objective of the present studies was to assess other antioxidants and whether such inhibition was reversible. Spontaneous GVBD in OCC incubated for 2 h was significantly inhibited (P < 0.005) by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA; GVBD = 19.4%), BHA (GVBD = 25.7%), octyl gallate (OG; GVBD = 52.2%), ethoxyquin (EQ; GVBD = 58.8%), 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-hydroxymethyl phenol (TBHMP; GVBD = 59%), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; GVBD = 59.5%), and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP; GVBD = 60.0%). Other antioxidants that produced lower but significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of oocyte maturation included propyl gallate (PG; GVBD = 70.3%), 2,4,5-trihydroxybutrophenone (THBP; GVBD = 71.4%), and lauryl gallate (LG; GVBD = 71.4%). Antioxidants that had no effect on oocyte maturation at the same concentration (100 microM) included ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and Trolox. Inhibition of GVBD was evident for up to 8 h of incubation of OCC and denuded oocytes (DO) with BHA or NDGA and was reversed by washing. NDGA was less potent than BHA for inhibition of GVBD in DO, unlike that seen with OCC. Oocyte maturation was induced by incubation of follicles for 3 h with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and this response was inhibited by BHA or NDGA. These findings support the conclusion that cell-permeant antioxidants inhibit spontaneous resumption of meiosis, which may implicate a role of oxygen radicals in oocyte maturation.  (+info)

Determination of hydroquinone in air by high performance liquid chromatography. (7/775)

A method for measuring hydroquinone in air was evaluated, both in the laboratory and in the workplace. The method involved sampling the inhalable fraction onto a filter contained in a multi-holed sampler with a back-up of Tenax TA, followed by desorption into acetonitrile and analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. It was shown to be effective at measuring hydroquinone over the range 0.1 to 2 times a concentration of 0.5 mg/m3 for 8 h.  (+info)

Induction of human UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7) by t-butylhydroquinone and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Caco-2 cells. (8/775)

Human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cells were used to study the induction of UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 by aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists and by antioxidant-type inducers with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), respectively. Early- (PF11) and late-passage clones (TC7) of Caco-2 cells, which show low and high constitutive UGT1A6 expression, respectively, were selected. The following results were obtained: 1) In Caco-2 cells UGT activity (4-methylumbelliferone as substrate) was significantly enhanced by 10 nM TCDD or 40 to 80 microM TBHQ and 2) duplex reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed for the first time that the expression of human UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 was enhanced by 40 to 80 microM TBHQ; both UGT1A6 and UGT1A9 were induced by 10 nM TCDD, whereas UGT2B7 was not induced by TCDD. The results suggest that at least two human UGTs (UGT1A6 and UGT1A9) are inducible by aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists and even more isoforms (UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7) are inducible by antioxidant-type inducers in Caco-2 cells.  (+info)

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Hydroquinone is a chemical product in the form of complex crystalline. It is basically used in the skin care products. Pigmentation can be removed with the help of a cream with hydroquinone. Quinol is another name used for hydroquinone. It has a scent base in it. 2% of hydroquinone is used in the skin lightening cream. If the user needs to use a cream with more than 2% concentration, then it is advised to have a prescription.. It is generally used for lightening cream, age spots, freckles, Discoloration of the skin, birth control pills, therapy of hormone replacement. Hydroquinone is a skin bleaching products that is mainly used for skin lightening. The enzyme present in the hydroquinone causes reaction with the skin cell in order to lighten the skin.. ...
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Hydroquinone usp 4 skin bleaching cream is applicable for the people with the normal skin. People with other skin type may have allergic reaction with the use of hydroquinone cream. It should not be used in the sensitive skins. Children and pregnant ladies should not use hydroquinone creams. However the problems related to hydroquinone during these issues has not been established yet.. Sodium metabisulfite is used in the hydroquinone cream. It is the reason behind causing allergic reaction in the skin. It can transform in to a life threatening situation as well. People may become prone to asthma attack due to use of hydroquinone cream for skin lightening. It mainly happens with the asthmatic people.. It is important to add a protective layer of sunscreen in the hydroquinone cream to avoid exposure to the sun after bleaching. You should cover the bleached area with protective clothing in order to avoid re-pigmentation in the bleached area.. Blackening of the area can happen due to use of ...
tert-Butylhydroquinone | 1948-33-0tert-Butylhydroquinone | 1948-33-0
Visit ChemicalBook To find more tert-Butylhydroquinone(1948-33-0) information like chemical properties,Structure,melting point,boiling point,density,molecular formula,molecular weight, physical properties,toxicity information,customs codes. You can also browse global suppliers,vendor,prices,Price,manufacturers of tert-Butylhydroquinone(1948-33-0). At last,tert-Butylhydroquinone(1948-33-0) safety, risk, hazard and MSDS, CAS,cas number,Use,cas no may also be you need.
ECMDB: Hydroquinone (ECMDB02434) (M2MDB000459)ECMDB: Hydroquinone (ECMDB02434) (M2MDB000459)
Hydroquinone, also benzene-1,4-diol, is an aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. Its chemical structure has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. Hydroquinone is a white granular solid at room temperature and pressure. The hydroxyl groups of hydroquinone are quite weakly acidic. Hydroquinone can lose an H+ from one of the hydroxyls to form a monophenolate ion or lose an H+ from both to form a diphenolate ion. Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent which is soluble in water. The presence of hydroquinone in E. coli arises from the catabolism of tyrosine and other similar aromatic substrates ...
Inhibition of T Cell Receptor-mediated Signal Transduction by Erbstatin<...Inhibition of T Cell Receptor-mediated Signal Transduction by Erbstatin<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Inhibition of T Cell Receptor-mediated Signal Transduction by Erbstatin. AU - Imoto, Masaya. AU - Nakamura, Takeshi. AU - Tanaka, Shin Ichiro. AU - Umezawa, Kazuo. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - Erbstatin, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibited p59fyn- and p56lck-kinases in vitrowith IC50s of 0.21 and 0.18μg/ml, respectively. Inositol phosphates formation, enhanced by anti-CD3, was also inhibited by erbstatin. Moreover, erbstatin treatment prevented anti-CD3-induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) production, but phorbol ester-induced IL-2 production was not affected by erbstatin.. AB - Erbstatin, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibited p59fyn- and p56lck-kinases in vitrowith IC50s of 0.21 and 0.18μg/ml, respectively. Inositol phosphates formation, enhanced by anti-CD3, was also inhibited by erbstatin. Moreover, erbstatin treatment prevented anti-CD3-induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) production, but phorbol ester-induced IL-2 production was not affected by erbstatin.. UR - ...
Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Synthetic Strategies to Terpene Quinones/HydroquinonesMarine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Synthetic Strategies to Terpene Quinones/Hydroquinones
The cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties of many natural sesquiterpene-quinones and -hydroquinones from sponges offer promising opportunities for the development of new drugs. A review dealing with different strategies for obtaining bioactive terpenyl quinones/hydroquinones is presented. The different synthetic approches for the preparation of the most relevant quinones/hydroquinones are described.
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Hydroquinone monobenzylether | Chemotechnique DiagnosticsHydroquinone monobenzylether | Chemotechnique Diagnostics
Agerite alba; Monobenzone; 4-(Phenylmethoxy)phenol; p-(Benzyloxy)phenol; Hydroquinone benzyl ether; p-Hydroxypehnyl benzyl ether; Benzyl hydroquinone; Monobenzyl hydroquinone; Depigman; Pigmex; Benzoquin; PBP; Benoquin. ...
Once more, the use of illegal skin lightening creams highlights the dangers of Hydroquinone - nuniiOnce more, the use of illegal skin lightening creams highlights the dangers of Hydroquinone - nunii
A recent study conducted by researchers working at the Medicines and Consumer Safety division of the Scientific Institute of Public Health and the Department of Toxicology and The Dermato-Cosmetology and Centre for Pharmaceutical Research in Brussels, Belgium, entitled "In vitro Dermal Absorption of Hydroquinone: Protocol Validation and Applicability on Illegal Skin-Whitening Cosmetics", which was published in the Journal of Skin Pharmacology and Physiology in 2016, has highlighted the serious dangers of hydroquinone penetrating the blood stream by skin absorption with a cumulative toxic effect with daily applications.. Hydroquinone is classified as a drug and is banned for the use in cosmetic products in Europe and in many countries such as Japan, Australia and several African states. Nevertheless, it is still too often found in formulations of depigmenting creams sold online all over the world. The main reason being, that sale of such creams represents a multi-billion dollar market. Sadly ...
Plus itPlus it
Within the functional group of transcriptional regulation, we find the transcription factor Fosl2 (also known as Fra2), a Fos family member, among the most prominently up-regulated by both chemopreventive compounds. Interestingly, an antitumor promoter, the phenolic antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone, was reported to induce expression of Fra2 (Fosl2) as well as Fra1. Furthermore, the authors concluded that inhibitory activator protein-1 complexes composed of Jun-Fra heterodimers, induced by tert-butylhydroquinone, antagonize the transcriptional effects of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, which are mediated by Jun-Fos heterodimers (21). Similarly, inhibition of interleukin-6-stimulated cell growth of human myeloma and mouse hybridoma cells was shown to be associated with increased expression of Fra2 protein (22). Fra2 has also been associated with differentiation in epidermis, and exogenous expression of Fra-2 (Fosl2) repressed activator protein-1 transcriptional activity ...
Hydroquinone (para-dihydroxybenzene, benzene-1,4-diol, quinol) - Buy on www.bizator.comHydroquinone (para-dihydroxybenzene, benzene-1,4-diol, quinol) - Buy on www.bizator.com
sale Hydroquinone (para-dihydroxybenzene, benzene-1,4-diol, quinol). Hydroquinone (para-dihydroxybenzene, benzene-1,4-diol, quinol)- aromatic organic compound. Is made in the
TDMS Study 05217-99 Pathology TablesTDMS Study 05217-99 Pathology Tables
NTP STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY TUMORS REPORT: PEIRPT08 LAB: SOUTHERN RESEARCH INST T-BUTYLHYDROQUINONE DATE: 04/11/95 EXPERIMENT: 05217 TEST: 99 TIME: 13:15:05 TEST TYPE: CHRONIC CAGES FROM 0000 TO LAST CAGE PAGE: 1 CONT: N01-ES-85219 ROUTE: DOSED FEED NTP C#: C62157 PATHOLOGIST: J. E. HEATH CAS: 1948-33-0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 05217/03 -VS- 05217/04 COMPARISON REASONS FOR REMOVAL: 25019 Moribund Sacrifice 25020 Natural Death 25021 Terminal Sacrifice REMOVAL DATE RANGE: ALL TREATMENT GROUPS: INCLUDE 001 UNTREATD CONTROL INCLUDE 002 UNTREATD CONTROL INCLUDE 005 RTD UNTRCONTROL INCLUDE 006 RTD UNTRCONTROL NTP STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY TUMORS REPORT: PEIRPT08 LAB: SOUTHERN RESEARCH INST T-BUTYLHYDROQUINONE DATE: 04/11/95 EXPERIMENT: 05217 TEST: 99 TIME: 13:15:05 TEST TYPE: CHRONIC CAGES FROM 0000 TO LAST CAGE CONT: N01-ES-85219 ROUTE: DOSED FEED NTP C#: C62157 PATHOLOGIST: J. E. ...
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dividing said total amount of hydroquinone into space-time yield-improving portions and introducing a first portion of the hydroquinone into said aqueous medium; introducing 1.5 to 2.0 times the molar amount, based on said total amount hydroquinone, of chlorine as a gas into the aqueous medium at a temperature of from 20.degree. to 90.degree. C. in a first chlorine addition; adding the remaining portion of hydroquinone; introducing 1.5 to 2.0 times the molar amount, based on said total amount of hydroquinone, of chlorine as a gas in a second chlorine addition; holding the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in the aqueous medium at 23-25% by addition of water; raising the temperature to 100.degree. to 107.degree. C. while introducing additional chlorine gas at 1.7 to 2.5 times the total molar amount of hydroquinone in a third chlorine addition; and diluting the aqueous medium with water to a hydrochloric acid concentration of from 20 to 22 ...
skin bleaching cream hydroquinone | beautylore.comskin bleaching cream hydroquinone | beautylore.com
What does hydroquinone do to your skin? If you drastically want to change your skin color overnight, this is the chemical for you. However, be warned about the drastic effects this chemical hold. What does hydroquinone do to your skin? … Continue reading →. ...
Products by Skin Concern | Obagi.comProducts by Skin Concern | Obagi.com
Treatment should be limited to relatively small areas of the body at one time since some patients experience a transient skin reddening and a mild burning sensation, which does not preclude treatment.. Pregnancy Category C: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with topical hydroquinone. It is also not known whether hydroquinone can cause fetal harm when used topically on a pregnant woman or affect reproductive capacity. It is not known to what degree, if any, topical hydroquinone is absorbed systemically. Topical hydroquinone should be used on pregnant women only when clearly indicated.. Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether topical hydroquinone is absorbed or excreted in human milk. Caution is advised when topical hydroquinone is used by a nursing mother.. Pediatric Usage: Safety and effectiveness in children below the age of 12 years have not been established.. Use of the product should be discontinued if hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients is noted.. Please see full ...
Products by Skin Concern | Obagi.comProducts by Skin Concern | Obagi.com
Treatment should be limited to relatively small areas of the body at one time since some patients experience a transient skin reddening and a mild burning sensation, which does not preclude treatment.. Pregnancy Category C: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with topical hydroquinone. It is also not known whether hydroquinone can cause fetal harm when used topically on a pregnant woman or affect reproductive capacity. It is not known to what degree, if any, topical hydroquinone is absorbed systemically. Topical hydroquinone should be used on pregnant women only when clearly indicated.. Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether topical hydroquinone is absorbed or excreted in human milk. Caution is advised when topical hydroquinone is used by a nursing mother.. Pediatric Usage: Safety and effectiveness in children below the age of 12 years have not been established.. Use of the product should be discontinued if hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients is noted.. Please see full ...
Hydroquinone Products - Best Cream For Skin Lightening?Hydroquinone Products - Best Cream For Skin Lightening?
hydroquinone products - Hydroquinone is widely used as a treatment for skin conditions such as hyper-pigmentation and uneven skin.
Tretinoin and hydroquinone together / Valacyclovir treatment for cold soresTretinoin and hydroquinone together / Valacyclovir treatment for cold sores
Play at YUKO free online. YUKO online , Play Online - eMule Games. We\re at university together garbage cipro online pharmacy earnestness flaming &.. . and zithromax together is zithromax. cream for accutane tretinoin with accutane. can you use hydroquinone when on accutane.hydroquinone tretinoin and a corticosteroid cream; online tv purchase of penegra;. Eaten together these vegetables are extremely healthy for you.hydroquinone retin a, 180. Ayant droit, 23 février 2016, 10:38, par fRGBkqrE. tretinoin cream 025, 394. Ayant droit, 16 mai 2016, 17:42, par OqgpokQXIyLJA.Is there any side effect in using lomela skin cream-hydroquinone,tretinoin & mometasone. for body and face ? and what do i need to mix together to keep that cream.. (hydroquinone tretinoin mometasone. "Skin-lite`s unique ingredients will work together to balance. Who should use lumaglow cream? and what are it.We used to work together ,a href=" http://levitracheaper20mg.org/ ",best place to buy levitra online,/a, World Peace ...
Allantoin + hydroquinone + tretinoin topical : usage, side effects, expert advice and allantoin + hydroquinone + tretinoin...Allantoin + hydroquinone + tretinoin topical : usage, side effects, expert advice and allantoin + hydroquinone + tretinoin...
Allantoin + hydroquinone + tretinoin topical is used in the treatment of .get complete information about allantoin + hydroquinone + tretinoin topical including usage, side effects, drug interaction, expert advice along with medicines associated with allantoin + hydroquinone + tretinoin topical at 1mg.com
2% Hydroquinone + Azelaic Acid 4% + Niacinamide 4% Serum - Dark Spot C - Cos De BAHA2% Hydroquinone + Azelaic Acid 4% + Niacinamide 4% Serum - Dark Spot C - Cos De BAHA
HB SERUM of Cos De BAHA What is Cos De BAHA 2% Hydroquinone + Azelaic Acid Serum? Hydroquinone is a skin-lightening agent. It bleaches the skin, which can be helpful when treating different forms of hyperpigmentation. Historically, theres been some back-and-forth on the safety of hydroquinone. In 1982, the U.S. Food a
Hydroquinone - Registration Dossier - ECHAHydroquinone - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Based on the low octanol water partition coefficient (log Kow 0.59) a low bioaccumulation of hydroquinone is expected. A bioaccumulation factor BCF of 3.162 L/kg is calculated from EPISUITE 4.00 (BCFBAF v3.00). The low potential for bioaccumulation is confirmed by the study using of 14C-labelled Hydroquinone and the fresh water fish Leuciscus idus melanotus. After 3 days, a BCF of 40 L/kg was determined. Radioactivity determination of the BCF includes possibly formed metabolites. Due to low bioaccumulation potential, the fast biodegradability and the low adsorptive potential (Koc 9 L/kg), the bioaccumulation of hydroquinone in sediment species does not need to be investigated. ...
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hydroquinone kojic acid and vitamin chydroquinone kojic acid and vitamin c
The dangers of hydroquinone far outweigh the benefits. Fortunately, there are skin whitening products today that are equally effective and clinically-proven safe. You want a skin whitening product that is natural and has minimal or no side effects at all. The best all-natural alternatives to hydroquinone are Kojic Acid, Vitamin C, and Arbutin. Know that the very first thing you should look for when buying a ...
Compounding HotlineCompounding Hotline
Q: A physician wrote a prescription for 8% hydroquinone cream. No antioxidants were specified. Please help!. A: Hydroquinone (dihydroxybenzone) is a hydroxyphenolic compound with a structure similar to melanin precursors. It prevents formation of melanosomes and causes necrosis of existing melanocytes. These properties make it useful in the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation disorders.. Hydroquinone is an oxidizing agent and can turn preparations from bright white to brown ipn a short time; the resulting hydroquinone degradation inactivates it. Hydroquinone concentrations for hyperpigmentation disorders range from 2% to 5%; concentrations greater than that can present stability issues and also may increase the potential for carcinogenicity and dermal toxicity, among other postulated adverse effects.. A literature search revealed no formulations for hydroquinone concentrations greater than 5% in topical preparations. As noted above, hydroquinone presents a particular stability challenge to the ...
P-Benzoquinone CAS 106-51-4 Benzoquinone p-Benzoquinone P-quinone PBQ Quinone from China manufacturer - MOSINTER GROUP LIMITEDP-Benzoquinone CAS 106-51-4 Benzoquinone p-Benzoquinone P-quinone PBQ Quinone from China manufacturer - MOSINTER GROUP LIMITED
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2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone - Substance Information - ECHA2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone - Substance Information - ECHA
About this substance This section provides an overview of the calculated volume at which the substance is manufactured or imported to the European Economic Area (EU28 + Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway). Additionally, if available, information on the use of the substance and how consumers and workers are likely to be exposed to it can also be displayed here.. The use information is displayed per substance life cycle stage (consumer use, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites or in manufacturing). The information is aggregated from the data coming from REACH substance registrations provided by industry.. For a detailed overview on identified uses and environmental releases, please consult the registered substance factsheet.. Use descriptors are adapted from ECHA guidance to improve readability and may not correspond textually to descriptor codes described in Chapter R.12: Use Descriptor system of ECHA Guidance on information ...
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Jun 03, 2014· Of the skin-lightening and age spot-brightening agents out there, 4% hydroquinone is the most effective. Overall, it is considered to be safe, but it is important not to use hydroquinone in conjunction with any creams containing peroxides or resorcinol, to avoid the eye area completely, and to switch off with other agents every four months to lower the risk of ochronosis (skin darkening from ...
Electrochemical Synthesis of Binary and Ternary Niobium-Containing Oxide Electrodes Using the p-Benzoquinone/Hydroquinone Redox...Electrochemical Synthesis of Binary and Ternary Niobium-Containing Oxide Electrodes Using the p-Benzoquinone/Hydroquinone Redox...
Electrochemical Synthesis of Binary and Ternary Niobium-Containing Oxide Electrodes Using the p-Benzoquinone/Hydroquinone Redox ...
fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical | Cignafluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical | Cigna
Fluocinolone is a steroid. It reduces inflammation or swelling. Hydroquinone topical is a skin bleaching agent. Tretinoin topical is a form of vitamin A. It helps the skin to renew itself more quickly. The combination of fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical is used to treat melasma (dark skin patches) of...
Warfield Weekly Update - Using a Hydroquinone/Tretinoin-Based Skin Health System Before and After Electrodessication &...Warfield Weekly Update - Using a Hydroquinone/Tretinoin-Based Skin Health System Before and After Electrodessication &...
By David Pariser, M.D., James Spencer, M.D., Kenneth Gross, M.D., Suzanne Bruce, M.D., Robert Loss, M.D. Introduction A common treatment to treat superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCC) is electrodessication and curettage (EDC). A main drawback to this treatment is the unsightly scars it leaves on skin. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of a hydroquinone/tretinoin skin care system used before and after EDC to improve the cosmetic appearance of the skin. Sample Population This study utilized 51 adult patients with 1-3 biopsy-proven superficial basal cell carcinomas on the trunk. All patients were Caucasian and had Fitzpatrick skin types I, II, III or IV. Overall, 59 lesions were treated. Patients were instructed to avoid using any non-study topical products and to protect the wounds from sun exposure. Methods Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a version of the hydroquinone/tretinoin system or a standard treatment of cleanser and healing ointment. Patients used ...
FLUOCINOLONE/TRETINOIN/HYDROQUINONE - TOPICAL (Tri-Luma) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.FLUOCINOLONE/TRETINOIN/HYDROQUINONE - TOPICAL (Tri-Luma) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
Consumer information about the medication FLUOCINOLONE/TRETINOIN/HYDROQUINONE - TOPICAL (Tri-Luma), includes side effects, drug interactions, recommended dosages, and storage information. Read more about the prescription drug FLUOCINOLONE/TRETINOIN/HYDROQUINONE - TOPICAL.
Cell proliferation is insufficient, but loss of tuberin is necessary, for chemically induced nephrocarcinogenicity<...Cell proliferation is insufficient, but loss of tuberin is necessary, for chemically induced nephrocarcinogenicity<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cell proliferation is insufficient, but loss of tuberin is necessary, for chemically induced nephrocarcinogenicity. AU - Yoon, Hae Seong. AU - Monks, Terrence J.. AU - Everitt, Jeffrey I.. AU - Walker, Cheryl L.. AU - Lau, Serrine S.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - Although 2,3,5-tris-(glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone (TGHQ; 2.5 μmol/kg ip) markedly increased cell proliferation within the outer stripe of the outer medulla (OSOM) of the kidney in both wild-type (Tsc2+/+) and mutant Eker rats (Tsc2EK/+), only TGHQ-treated Tsc2EK/+ rats developed renal tumors, indicating that cell proliferation per se was not sufficient for tumor development. Tuberin expression was initially induced within the OSOM after TGHQ treatment but was lost within TGHQ-induced renal tumors. High extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity occurred in the OSOM of Tsc2EK/+ rats at 4 mo and in TGHQ-induced renal tumors. Cyclin D1 was also ...
Berkongsi Pendapat Pemakanan Sihat & Daging Segar: April 2009Berkongsi Pendapat Pemakanan Sihat & Daging Segar: April 2009
Hydroquinone is a popular product that is used to bleach and lightening the skin. Despite its effectiveness, there is a call to have the product banned. Currently in Europe it has been removed from shelves, but in the United States it can be found in a host of over-the-counter medications.. Hydroquinone has been used to bleach the skin and this often lightens the color of the skin. This practice is common across the globe and according the psychologists the reason why people do this is that white or lighter skinned individuals are more desirable. The use of these products is very common in African, Asian and African-Caribbean communities.. Over the past couple of years, there has been an increase in the amount of skin creams that contain hydroquinone on the marketplace. This increase is believed to be the media focusing on the celebrities who have lighter skin. This is translated into the lighter skinned individuals coming across as being more pretty and successful. Many women in countries in ...
AAD eNewsletterAAD eNewsletter
There are several treatment options for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and melasma. Products that contain hydroquinone (pronounced hy-dro-QUIN-own) are the most common treatment option for eliminating dark spots and patches. While prescription-strength products that contain hydroquinone tend to be more effective, several products containing hydroquinone are available at local drug stores without a prescription. This availability may soon change. For more information about the proposal that would remove many of these products from the market, read the facing article in this newsletter, Favored Skin-Lightening Products May Soon Vanish ...
Divine Derriere Skin Lightening 2% Hydroquinone Bleaching Cream with 6% AHA Glycolic Acid and Lactic Acid - Fade Dark Spots,...Divine Derriere Skin Lightening 2% Hydroquinone Bleaching Cream with 6% AHA Glycolic Acid and Lactic Acid - Fade Dark Spots,...
Divine Derriere Skin Bleaching 6% AHA Cream is professionally formulated to visibly fade hyperpigmentation, melasma, dark spots / brown spots, freckles, sun spots, and uneven skin tone. Within approximately one month of continued use, you will begin to see noticeable fading in stubborn dark spots. Developed with numerous ingredients that provide a synergistic effect, exfoliate and penetrate your skin more effectively than hydroquinone alone. Our new sophisticated airless jars are designed with a vacuum delivery system that minimizes oxidation from exposure to air. With just a single press, you can dispense a small amount of the product onto the surface of jar to apply and eliminates the need to directly place fingers into the entire product. Wastage is reduced - allowing to use the last drop of the cream ...
TRI-LUMA (Tretinoin,Hydroquinone,Fluocinolone) dosage, indication, interactions, side effects | EMPR - ONATRI-LUMA (Tretinoin,Hydroquinone,Fluocinolone) dosage, indication, interactions, side effects | EMPR - ONA
TRI-LUMA (Tretinoin,Hydroquinone,Fluocinolone) drug information & product resources from MPR including dosage information, educational materials, & patient assistance.
White spots on cheeks. Using Retinoic acid and Hydroquinone. Which laser method I have to opt for?White spots on cheeks. Using Retinoic acid and Hydroquinone. Which laser method I have to opt for?
Question - White spots on cheeks. Using Retinoic acid and Hydroquinone. Which laser method I have to opt for?. Ask a Doctor about Skin whitening, Ask a Dermatologist
I have used hydroquinone 10% + Kojic acid 4% + retin a 0.5%I have used hydroquinone 10% + Kojic acid 4% + retin a 0.5%
Question - I have used hydroquinone 10% + Kojic acid 4% + retin a 0.5% - AQ. Find the answer to this and other Dermatology questions on JustAnswer
Fluocinolone, Hydroquinone, and Tretinoin Information - Drugs.comFluocinolone, Hydroquinone, and Tretinoin Information - Drugs.com
Easy to read patient leaflet for Fluocinolone, Hydroquinone, and Tretinoin. Includes indications, proper use, special instructions, precautions, and possible side effects.
Asian Science Citation Index - Articles written by C. M McHaleAsian Science Citation Index - Articles written by C. M McHale
Both occupational exposure to the leukemogen benzene and in vitro exposure to its metabolite hydroquinone (HQ) lead to the induction of numerical and structural chromosome changes. Several studies have shown that HQ can form DNA adducts, disrupt microtubule assembly and inhibit DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) activity. As these are potential mechanisms underlying endoreduplication (END), a phenomenon that involves DNA amplification without corresponding cell division, we hypothesized that HQ could cause END. We measured END in the human lymphoblastoid cell line, TK6, treated with HQ (0-20 µM) and etoposide (0-0.2 µM) for 48 h. Etoposide was used as a positive control as it is a topo II poison and established human leukemogen that has previously been shown to induce END in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Both HQ and etoposide significantly induced END in a dose-dependent manner (Ptrend , 0.0001 and Ptrend = 0.0003, respectively). Since END may underlie the acquisition of high chromosome numbers by ...
Poly-vinylidene-fluoride/p-benzoquinone gel polymer electrolyte with good performance by redox mediator effect for Li-Air...Poly-vinylidene-fluoride/p-benzoquinone gel polymer electrolyte with good performance by redox mediator effect for Li-Air...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Poly-vinylidene-fluoride/p-benzoquinone gel polymer electrolyte with good performance by redox mediator effect for Li-Air battery. AU - Kim, Young Bok. AU - Kim, Il To. AU - Song, Myeong Jun. AU - Shin, Moo Whan. PY - 2016/8/20. Y1 - 2016/8/20. N2 - In this study, the poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/p-benzoquinone (pBQ) gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is synthesized well with LiTFSI/TEGDME for Li-Air battery (LAB) applications. The PVDF/pBQ GPEs are characterized by electrochemical analysis and compared to the PVDF GPE. We confirm that pBQ molecule in PVDF GPE shows redox mediate behavior during charge-discharge process. Employing PVDF/pBQ GPE for LAB leads to an improved cycleability from 2 to over 30. In addition it results in a charge voltage decrease from around 4.2 V to around 3.3 V. The energy cycle efficiency (ECE) is improved about 15%. The pBQ accelerates to the formation of an amorphous phase on synthesized PVDF GPE matrix by acting inhibitor for polymerization. It leads ...
P-Benzoquinone at Best Price in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra | SHILPA INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTIESP-Benzoquinone at Best Price in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra | SHILPA INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTIES
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PLOS ONE: accelerating the publication of peer-reviewed sciencePLOS ONE: accelerating the publication of peer-reviewed science
The interrelationship between genetic susceptibility and carcinogenic exposure is important in cancer development. Polymorphisms in detoxification enzymes of the glutathione-S-transferases (GST) family are associated with an increased incidence of lymphoma. Here we investigated the molecular connection of the genetic polymorphism of GSTT1 to the response of lymphocytes to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In neoplastic situation, GSTT1 deletions were more frequently observed in lymphoma patients (54.9%) than in normal controls (42.0%, P = 0.009), resulting in an increased risk for lymphoma in individuals with GSTT1-null genotype (Odds ratio = 1.698, 95% confidence interval = 1.145-2.518). GSTT1 gene and protein expression were accordingly decreased in GSTT1-deleting patients, consistent with activated profile of cell cycle regulation genes. Mimicking environmental exposure using long-term repeat culture with low-dose PAH metabolite Hydroquinone, malignant B- and T-lymphocytes presented increased
Skin Care Chronicle: April 2015Skin Care Chronicle: April 2015
Beta-Thujaplicin inhibits the formation of pigment through the blockage of the enzyme tyrosinase, thus acting as a biological whitening agent. While the most common chemical whitening agent, hydroquinone, also uses this mechanism of action, thujaplicin as a biological agent (naturally occurring) can do this without causing major health concerns. As hydroquinone has been derived from a phenol compound, there is a concern for potential carcinogenic effects along with the paradoxical effect of skin darkening when this product is used at high concentrations. For these reasons, hydroquinone has been banned for use as a lightening agent in several countries around the world ...
Brown Spots on Penis Glans(glands) - Urology - MedHelpBrown Spots on Penis Glans(glands) - Urology - MedHelp
Hi All, I just wanted to know if anyone used hydroquinone on their penis glans (head) to treat brown discoloration. I do not have any STDs or any other health issue, I just have this brown pigmen...
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TERT-BUTYLHYDROQUINONE is a white to light tan crystalline powder or a fine beige powder .TBHQ is a phenolic antioxidant, frequently used as a food preservative.
Global Skin Atlas - Diagnosis DetailGlobal Skin Atlas - Diagnosis Detail
History: Young Hispanic-American who developed melasma during pregnancy. She then applied 10% hydroquinone (obtained outside the United States) twice daily. At first, there was some improvement. Then, she noted the areas started becoming paradoxically darker. The darker the skin became, the more hydroquinone she applied! Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of exogenous ochronosis.. ...
Obagi Nu-Derm Blender - RenewSkinSolutionsObagi Nu-Derm Blender - RenewSkinSolutions
A unique formula containing prescription 4% hydroquinone for the gradual lightening of hyperpigmentation, such as dark spots, sun spots, age spots, melasma, and other types of discoloration. Valid prescription required. BENEFITS - Lightens and brightens hyperpigmentation. FORMULATED WITH - Hydroquinone: Diminishes the
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When confronted with complaints of localized evidence to prove carcinogenicity. Importantly, unsuper- pigmentary alterations, first and foremost, it vised use of hydroquinone and use of unapproved formula- is essential to identify and treat any underly- tions is reportedly linked to ochronosis and unwanted side ing dermatoses and stress the importance effects. Therefore, patient education is crucial. Take time of sun protection. Patients must use sunscreens-prefer- to assure patients of the safety of the prescription agent ably containing physical blockers like titanium dioxide you recommend-when used as you direct-and describe or zinc oxide-on all sun-exposed skin on a daily basis. clearly the intended duration of therapy. Ideally, patients Additionally, patients should practice UV avoidance will not fear the use of hydroquinone, but they will have a through the use of physical barriers like hats and clothing healthy respect for the agent, reducing the risk for abuse In the case of melasma or ...
Lustra , Lustra-AF and AlustraLustra , Lustra-AF and Alustra
Hydroquinone has been successfully used to treat hyperpigmentation disorders for many years. Recently, new formulations containing hydroquinone have become available, including Lustra and Lustra-AF (Medicis). These products also contain glycolic acid 2%, an active antioxidant system...
A000085P - Animal Search SystemA000085P - Animal Search System
Nrf2 (Nfe2l2) Knockout mice. This strain is a useful model for the in vivo analysis of chemical carcinogenesis and resistance to anti-cancer drugs. A phenolic antioxidant significantly induced the expression of phase II enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase in normal mice. However, in the homozygous Nrf2 deficient mice the induction of the phase II enzymes by a phenolic antioxidant was largely eliminated in the liver and intestine. Since Nrf2 is constantly degraded by proteasome under normal condition, it is hardly to detect Nrf2 protein in the absence of stimuli. Electrophilic chemicals, such as DEM (diethyl maleate) and tBHQ (tert-buthyl hydroquinone), are generally used to stabilize Nrf2. Or proteasomal inhibitors, such as MG132, are also effective increasing the protein amount of Nrf2. C57BL/6 background (RBRC01390), BALB/c background (RBRC02190), A/J background (RBRC02414), ICR mixed background (RBRC00984). Homozygous mutant mice are viable and ...
Leicester Research Archive: Molecular events occurring during the induction and execution of apoptosisLeicester Research Archive: Molecular events occurring during the induction and execution of apoptosis
Apoptosis is vital in maintaining homeostasis, and its deregulation can have dire pathological consequences. Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in interest in the biochemical mechanisms of this phenomenon.;During the later stages of apoptosis there is extensive internucleosomal cleavage of DNA. In the first part of the work, eighteen dinucleosomal fragments from apoptotic mouse thymocytes were sequenced to ascertain whether there were any trends in the sequence of the DNA which could influence its likelihood to be cleaved. No such patterns could be identified.;The second part of this thesis deals with the participation of Ca2+ in the signalling mechanisms that induce apoptosis in rat thymocytes. A comparison of apoptosis induced by thapsigargin, cyclopiazonic acid and 2,5-di-(t-butyl)-1, 4-benzohydroquinone, three inhibitors of the microsomal Ca2+-ATPase, with that caused by the steroid dexamethasone, the chemotherapeutic drug etoposide and the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine ...
GLORY-WHITE-CREAM | InvisionGLORY-WHITE-CREAM | Invision
GLORY & WHITE CREAM. Hydroquinone U.S.P. 2%w/w +. Tretinoin U.S.P.0.025%w/w +. Mometasone Furoate I.P. 0.1%w/w. INDI. HYPER PIGMENTATION. DARK SPOTS. MELASMA. SUN DAMAGE. Glory & white cream. Hydroquinone. ...
Shedding the Snake: Peeling to Remove Discoloration (Page 39) - Thunders PlaceShedding the Snake: Peeling to Remove Discoloration (Page 39) - Thunder's Place
Have you tried a product with hydroquinone?. What I had was a nasty discoloration after years of stretching and high pressure on the skin. I think everybody has the wrong perception of the way hydroquinone works. Everybody thinks this cream just fades aways the darkness and lighten the skin. WRONG. The way it works, describing what I saw in my own cawk, after days of applying it, my pole went like a reddish-brown color, like a bad sun burn, without the pain and burning feeling of the sun. After about 6-7 days, a thick layer of skin started peeling off; no pain, no discomfort; the new pink skin was underneath. And the most impressive part, this thick layer had absolutely all the black color on it; it took it completely. My perception is like if this cream somehow is able to suck the melanin from underneath and peel it off with the skin.. The pink color of the new skin lasted for about a week. Now, my whole cawk is as white as it was when I came to this dimension of time and space. I am trying it ...
hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (CHEBI:18305)hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (CHEBI:18305)
Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) is a freely available dictionary of molecular entities focused on small chemical compounds.
OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
HydroquinonesBenzeneArbutinBenzoquinonesPhenolSkin Lightening PreparationsNAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)FlavodoxinCatecholsBleaching AgentsHyperpigmentationHydroxocobalaminOxidation-ReductionPhenolsQuinonesMelanosisDicumarolPhotiniaMutagensOchronosisPyronineSorbic AcidCarbon-Carbon LigasesParabensDysideaPleurotusChlorophenolsVitamin K 1SphingomonasNaphthoquinonesDesulfitobacteriumPentachlorophenolVeillonellaceaeBiotransformationRifabutinAnisolesFacial DermatosesVitamin KBromatesMaleatesQuinone ReductasesMolecular StructureMixed Function OxygenasesElectron-Transferring FlavoproteinsDictionaries, ChemicalAgrochemicalsDictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as TopicBiopharmaceuticsGlycosidesLactams, MacrocyclicPatents as TopicHSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins
Hydroquinone Skin Bleaching Topical : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMDHydroquinone Skin Bleaching Topical : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD
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Disposition of [14C]hydroquinone in Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice | RTIDisposition of [14C]hydroquinone in Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice | RTI
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OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
HydroquinonesBenzeneArbutinBenzoquinonesPhenolSkin Lightening PreparationsNAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)FlavodoxinCatecholsBleaching AgentsHyperpigmentationHydroxocobalaminOxidation-ReductionPhenolsQuinonesMelanosisDicumarolPhotiniaMutagensOchronosisPyronineSorbic AcidCarbon-Carbon LigasesParabensDysideaPleurotusChlorophenolsVitamin K 1SphingomonasNaphthoquinonesDesulfitobacteriumPentachlorophenolVeillonellaceaeBiotransformationRifabutinAnisolesFacial DermatosesVitamin KBromatesMaleatesQuinone ReductasesMolecular StructureMixed Function OxygenasesElectron-Transferring FlavoproteinsDictionaries, ChemicalAgrochemicalsDictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as TopicBiopharmaceuticsGlycosidesLactams, MacrocyclicPatents as TopicHSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins
TretinoinIngredientCreamsHyperpigmentationCreamTopicalQuinol2019SpotsCompoundsSide effectsCosmeticResorcinolOchronosisProductsHigh amountsCosmeticsSuggestsMiceFluocinolone acetonideCreamsSynthesisSafety of hydroquinoneCatecholTetrachloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenaseArbutinMelanin productionReduced form of hydroquinoneChemicalPigmentOccurring hydroquinone derivativesSunscreenIrritationMedicationStop using HydroqAmounts of hydroquinoneEffects of hydroquinoneSkin Lightening ComplexExposure to hydroquinoneDetection of HydroquinoneAlternative to hydroquinoneEfficacyEnzymeSkincareFree hydroquinoneApply HydroquinoneCounter hydroquinoneMetabolite hydroquinoneHumansBenzoyl peroxideDermatologistHydrogenMelanocytesDerivativeWarningsBenzoquinoneLighten the skinDosagePurity
Tretinoin2
Ingredient2
Creams3
  • Constant use of hydroquinone creams make people sensitive to the sun and have to apply a sunscreen every day. (underarm-whitening.com)
  • Part of the continued popularity of hydroquinone is that despite the threat of the American FDA in 2005 to place an outright ban on its use in cosmetics, thanks to heavy industry lobbying and pressure, hydroquinone still remains freely available in the US, without prescription and in creams sold over the internet, at concentrations up to 2 percent. (nunii-laboratoire.com)
  • In the Belgian study researchers set out to measure the level of absorption of Hydroquinone into the dermis, hence into the blood stream and its toxicity when applied topically in different forms, e.g. lotions, creams and on different skin types. (nunii-laboratoire.com)
Hyperpigmentation3
Cream4
Topical2
Quinol1
20191
Spots2
Compounds1
Side effects2
Cosmetic2
Resorcinol1
Ochronosis1
Products5
High amounts1
Cosmetics1
Suggests1
Mice1
Fluocinolone acetonide1
Creams8
Synthesis3
Safety of hydroquinone2
Catechol8
  • Simultaneous Detection and Estimation of Catechol, Hydroquinone, and Resorcinol in Binary and Ternary Mixtures Using Electrochemical Techniques. (ebscohost.com)
  • Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were performed with a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with polyglutamic acid (PGA) on the three dihydroxybenzene isomers, catechol (CT), hydroquinone (HQ), and resorcinol (RS). (ebscohost.com)
  • Reports on a robust international market demand for dihydroxybenzene, which includes three isomers of catechol, hydroquinone, and resorcinol. (ebscohost.com)
  • The effect of various organic additives e.g. hydroquinone, resorcinol and catechol on the rate of photodegradation has been. (ebscohost.com)
  • Electrochemical behaviour of catechol, hydroquinone and resorcinol was investigated in KCl, acetate buffer and phosphate buffer at glassy carbon electrod using cyclic voltammetry. (ebscohost.com)
  • Simultaneous Detection of Hydroquinone and Catechol Using Platinum Nanoparticles Decorated Graphene/Poly-Cyclodextrin/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Nanocomposite Based Biosensor. (americanelements.com)
  • The simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) at PtNPs/Gr-CDP-MWCNTs/GCE is reported in the present work. (americanelements.com)
  • Due to the excellent catalytic activity, enhanced electrical conductivity, high surface area and porous structure of the RGO-MWNTs, the RGO-MWNTs/GCE achieved the simultaneous measurement of hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC), p-cresol (PC) and nitrite (NO 2 − ) with well-separate four peaks. (deepdyve.com)
Tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase1
Arbutin7
Melanin production4
Reduced form of hydroquinone1
Chemical7
Pigment7
Occurring hydroquinone derivatives1
Sunscreen3
Irritation6
Medication3
  • If your physician has instructed or directed you to use Hydroquinone-Tretinoin-Mometasone medication in a regular schedule and you have missed a dose of this medicine, use it as soon as you remember. (internationaldrugmart.com)
  • Before you take a medication for a particular ailment, you should inform the health expert about intake of any other medications including non-prescription medications, over-the-counter medicines that may increase the effect of Hydroquinone-Tretinoin-Mometasone, and dietary supplements like vitamins, minerals and herbal, so that the doctor can warn you of any possible drug interactions. (internationaldrugmart.com)
  • If no price is listed for this medication, please contact Customer Support for additional assistance in obtaining pricing and availability for Hydrocortisone Acetate/Hydroquinone/Tretinoin . (canadadrugprices.com)
Stop using Hydroq1
  • Stop using hydroquinone and tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: blistering, skin cracking, blue-black darkening of the skin . (webmd.com)
Amounts of hydroquinone2
Effects of hydroquinone2
Skin Lightening Complex1
Exposure to hydroquinone5
Detection of Hydroquinone1
  • By means of Raman spectroscopy is of great interest the detection of hydroquinone for future medical applications. (spie.org)
Alternative to hydroquinone2
Efficacy2
Enzyme3
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:hydroquinone-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The in silico studies predicted high binding affinity of the hydroquinone derivatives to the active site of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme. (ajol.info)
  • It has been proposed that this occurs because hydroquinone inhibits an enzyme called homogentisic acid oxidase within the skin, which in turn causes the dark-colored homogentisic acid to build-up within the skin with prolonged use. (futurederm.com)
Skincare3
Free hydroquinone1
  • 61The rate of oxygen consumption was measured and compared to that of the corresponding reaction catalyzed by free hydroquinone and l. (docme.ru)
Apply Hydroquinone1
Counter hydroquinone2
Metabolite hydroquinone3
Humans4
Benzoyl peroxide4
Dermatologist1
Hydrogen4
  • Molecular modeling studies also showed that due to increased hydrogen bonding between the hydroquinone and the Hsp90 protein, 17-AAGH 2 was bound more tightly to the ATP-binding site in both yeast and human Hsp90 models. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Additional experiments revealed that hydroquinone bioactivation to covalent-binding species was hydrogen peroxide dependent in macrophage homogenates. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Bioactivation of [14C]hydroquinone to protein-binding species by peroxidase was confirmed utilizing purified human myeloperoxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and ovalbumin as a protein source. (aspetjournals.org)
  • High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of incubations containing purified myeloperoxidase, hydroquinone, and hydrogen peroxide showed that greater than 90% of hydroquinone was removed and could be detected stoichometrically as 1,4-benzoquinone. (aspetjournals.org)
Melanocytes1
Derivative1
Warnings1
Benzoquinone3
Lighten the skin1
Dosage3
Purity1