The thermodynamic interaction between a substance and WATER.
A separation technique which combines LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY and CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS.
Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.
The systematic study of the structure and function of the complete set of glycans (the glycome) produced in a single organism and identification of all the genes that encode glycoproteins.
A chromatography technique in which the stationary phase is composed of a non-polar substance with a polar mobile phase, in contrast to normal-phase chromatography in which the stationary phase is a polar substance with a non-polar mobile phase.
Compounds in which a methyl group is attached to the cyano moiety.
Heparin derivatives. The term has also been used more loosely to include naturally occurring and synthetic highly-sulphated polysaccharides of similar structure. Heparinoid preparations have been used for a wide range of applications including as anticoagulants and anti-inflammatories and they have been claimed to have hypolipidemic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th, p232)
A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.
The quality or state of being wettable or the degree to which something can be wet. This is also the ability of any solid surface to be wetted when in contact with a liquid whose surface tension is reduced so that the liquid spreads over the surface of the solid.
A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.
An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.
The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)
A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.
Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.
Highly proliferative, self-renewing, and colony-forming stem cells which give rise to NEOPLASMS.
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.
Societies whose membership is limited to pharmacists.

Allosteric activation mechanism of the alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor revealed by mutation of the conserved M2 leucine. (1/4501)

A conserved leucine residue in the midpoint of the second transmembrane domain (M2) of the ligand-activated ion channel family has been proposed to play an important role in receptor activation. In this study, we assessed the importance of this leucine in the activation of rat alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 GABA receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by site-directed mutagenesis and two-electrode voltage clamp. The hydrophobic conserved M2 leucines in alpha1(L263), beta2(L259), and gamma 2(L274) subunits were mutated to the hydrophilic amino acid residue serine and coexpressed in all possible combinations with their wild-type and/or mutant counterparts. The mutation in any one subunit decreased the EC(50) and created spontaneous openings that were blocked by picrotoxin and, surprisingly, by the competitive antagonist bicuculline. The magnitudes of the shifts in GABA EC(50) and picrotoxin IC(50) as well as the degree of spontaneous openings were all correlated with the number of subunits carrying the leucine mutation. Simultaneous mutation of the GABA binding site (beta 2Y157S; increased the EC(50)) and the conserved M2 leucine (beta 2L259S; decreased the EC(50)) produced receptors with the predicted intermediate agonist sensitivity, indicating the two mutations affect binding and gating independently. The results are discussed in light of a proposed allosteric activation mechanism.  (+info)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid increases the water accessibility of M3 membrane-spanning segment residues in gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. (2/4501)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors are members of the ligand-gated ion channel gene superfamily. Using the substituted cysteine accessibility method, we investigated whether residues in the alpha(1)M3 membrane-spanning segment are water-accessible. Cysteine was substituted, one at a time, for each M3 residue from alpha(1)Ala(291) to alpha(1)Val(307). The ability of these mutants to react with the water-soluble, sulfhydryl-specific reagent pCMBS(-) was assayed electrophysiologically. Cysteines substituted for alpha(1)Ala(291) and alpha(1)Tyr(294) reacted with pCMBS(-) applied both in the presence and in the absence of GABA. Cysteines substituted for alpha(1)Phe(298), alpha(1)Ala(300), alpha(1)Leu(301), and alpha(1)Glu(303) only reacted with pCMBS(-) applied in the presence of GABA. We infer that the pCMBS(-) reactive residues are on the water-accessible surface of the protein and that GABA induces a conformational change that increases the water accessibility of the four M3 residues, possibly by inducing the formation of water-filled crevices that extend into the interior of the protein. Others have shown that mutations of alpha(1)Ala(291), a water-accessible residue, alter volatile anesthetic and ethanol potentiation of GABA-induced currents. Water-filled crevices penetrating into the interior of the membrane-spanning domain may allow anesthetics and alcohol to reach their binding sites and thus may have implications for the mechanisms of action of these agents.  (+info)

A numerical measure of amino acid residues similarity based on the analysis of their surroundings in natural protein sequences. (3/4501)

A measure of similarity between amino acid residues based on the analysis of the surroundings of each residue in primary structures of native proteins is proposed. The statistical data used for this purpose were obtained from the analysis of 168,808 protein sequences, which comprise the Protein Identification Research database (release 63). Using various threshold values of the proposed measure, amino acid residues were classified into several groups. The classification elaborated differs essentially from groupings previously used. The numerical measure of amino acid residues similarity can be used in site-directed mutagenesis studies for the prediction of probability of local spatial rearrangements in proteins.  (+info)

Sterically stabilized cationic liposomes improve the uptake and immunostimulatory activity of CpG oligonucleotides. (4/4501)

Immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides (ODN) show promise as immune adjuvants, anti-allergens, and immunoprotective agents. Increasing the bioavailability and duration of action of CpG ODN should improve their therapeutic utility. Encapsulating ODN in sterically stabilized cationic liposomes provides protection from serum nucleases while facilitating uptake by B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. In a pathogen challenge model, sterically stabilized cationic liposomes encapsulation doubled the duration of CpG ODN-induced immune protection. In an immunization model, coencapsulation of CpG ODN with protein Ag (OVA) magnified the resultant Ag-specific IFN-gamma and IgG responses by 15- to 40-fold compared with Ag plus CpG ODN alone. These findings support the use of sterically stabilized cationic liposomes to significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CpG ODN.  (+info)

Role of interfacial hydrophobic residues in the stabilization of the leucine zipper structures of the transcription factors c-Fos and c-Jun. (5/4501)

This study documents a new and versatile experimental approach to study the relative stabilization energetics of recombinant polypeptide and protein mutants. In particular, the effect of temperature change over the range of T = 278-338 K on the thermodynamics of interaction of several leucine zipper coiled-coil polypeptides related to the transcription factors, c-Fos and c-Jun, following binding to immobilized n-octyl ligands has been determined. Plots of the change in heat capacity, DeltaC(p)0, versus T, in combination with the corresponding van't Hoff plots, allow the energetics of the interaction of polypeptides with n-octyl ligands to be rationalized and the respective mid-point transition temperatures, T(m) values, determined for the melting of their supramolecular structures. The derived experimental data correlated well with information available from other procedures, confirming that this new approach provides complementary insight into the interaction thermodynamics and the molecular nature of the thermal stability of recombinant polypeptides in non-polar or other types of chemical environments.  (+info)

Bile-salt hydrophobicity is a key factor regulating rat liver plasma-membrane communication: relation to bilayer structure, fluidity and transporter expression and function. (6/4501)

Bile-salt hydrophobicity regulates biliary phospholipid secretion and subselection. The aim of this study was to determine whether bile salts can influence liver plasma membrane phospholipids and fluidity in relation to the ATP-dependent transporter. Rats were depleted of bile salts by overnight biliary diversion and then sodium taurocholate was infused intravenously at a constant rate (200 nmol/min per 100 g of body weight), followed by infusion of bile salts with various hydrophobicities (taurochenodeoxycholate, tauroursodeoxycholate, tauro-beta-muricholate, tauro-alpha-muricholate at 200 nmol/min per 100 g of body weight). The hydrophobicity of the infused bile salts correlated with that of biliary phospholipids, but was inversely related to that of the canalicular membrane bilayer. Canalicular membrane fluidity (estimated by 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence depolarization) and expression of multidrug-resistance proteins (Mrp2, Mrp3) and apical Na(+)-dependent bile-salt transporter (ASBT) were increased by hydrophilic bile salts, although there was no marked change in the expression of P-glycoprotein subfamilies (Mdr2). Bile-salt export pump (Bsep) expression was increased along with increasing bile-salt hydrophobicity. Bile salts modulate canalicular membrane phospholipids and membrane fluidity, as well as the ATP-dependent transporter expression and function, and these actions are associated with their hydrophobicity. The cytoprotective effect of hydrophilic bile salts seems to be associated with induction of Mrp2, Mrp3 and ASBT.  (+info)

Structure-function analysis of the heat shock factor-binding protein reveals a protein composed solely of a highly conserved and dynamic coiled-coil trimerization domain. (7/4501)

Heat shock factor-binding protein (HSBP) 1 is a small, evolutionarily conserved protein originally identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen using the trimerization domain of heat shock factor (HSF) 1 as the bait. Similar in size to HSF1 trimerization domain, human HSBP1 contains two arrays of hydrophobic heptad repeats (designated HR-N and HR-C) characteristic of coiled-coil proteins. Proteins of the HSBP family are relatively small (<100 residues), comprising solely a putative coiled-coil oligomerization domain without any other readily recognizable structural or functional motif. Our biophysical and biochemical characterization of human HSBP1 reveals a cooperatively folded protein with high alpha-helical content and moderate stability. NMR analyses reveal a single continuous helix encompassing both HR-N and HR-C in the highly conserved central region, whereas the less conserved carboxyl terminus is unstructured and accessible to proteases. Unlike previously characterized coiled-coils, backbone 15N relaxation measurements implicate motional processes on the millisecond time scale in the coiled-coil region. Analytical ultracentrifugation and native PAGE studies indicate that HSBP1 is predominantly trimeric over a wide concentration range. NMR analyses suggest a rotationally symmetric trimer. Because the highly conserved hydrophobic heptad repeats extend over 60% of HSBP1, we propose that HSBP most likely regulates the function of other proteins through coiled-coil interactions.  (+info)

Optimization of microbial specificity in cyclic peptides by modulation of hydrophobicity within a defined structural framework. (8/4501)

In the present study we have utilized the structural framework of the analog GS14K4 (cyclo(VKLd-KVd-YPL KVKLd-YP, where d denotes a d-amino acid)), to examine the role of hydrophobicity in microbial activity and specificity. The hydrophobicity of GS14K4 was systematically altered by residue replacements in the hydrophobic sites of the molecule to produce a series of analogs that were either less or more hydrophobic than the parent compound. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the molecules were structurally similar and only differed in overall hydrophobicity. The hydrophobicity of GS14K4 was found to be the midpoint for hemolytic activity, with more hydrophobic analogs exhibiting increased hemolytic activity and less hydrophobic analogs showing decreased hemolytic activity. For antimicrobial activity there were differences between the hydrophobicity requirements against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The hydrophobicity of GS14K4 was sufficient for maximum activity against Gram-negative microorganisms and yeast, with no further increases in activity occurring with increasing hydrophobicity. With Gram-positive microorganisms significant increases in activity with increasing hydrophobicity were seen in three of the six microorganisms tested. A therapeutic index (calculated as a measure of specificity of the peptides for the microorganisms over human erythrocytes) served to define the boundaries of a therapeutic window within which lay the optimum peptide hydrophobicity for each microorganism. The therapeutic window was found to be at a lower hydrophobicity level for Gram-negative microorganisms than for Gram-positive microorganisms, although the limits were more variable for the latter. Our results show that the balance between activity and specificity in the present cyclic peptides can be optimized for each microorganism by systematic modulation of hydrophobicity.  (+info)

286578264 - EP 1258560 A1 2002-11-20 - Use of hydrophobically modified polyaminamides with polyethylene glycol esters in paper products - The present invention uses hydrophobically modified polyaminamide with standard wet strength agent to produce a softer and more absorbent paper material. The hydrophobically modified polyaminamide is substantive to cellulosic fibers, thus is able to carry polyethylene glycol esters or ethers, a non-substantive material to cellulosic fiber as stable complexes, into the paper product.[origin: EP1258560A1] The present invention uses hydrophobically modified polyaminamide with standard wet strength agent to produce a softer and more absorbent paper material. The hydrophobically modified polyaminamide is substantive to cellulosic fibers, thus is able to carry polyethylene glycol esters or ethers, a non-substantive material to cellulosic fiber as stable complexes, into the paper product.
TY - JOUR. T1 - Desalting electroeluted proteins with hydrophilic interaction chromatography. AU - Jeno, P.. AU - Scherer, P. E.. AU - Manningkrieg, U.. AU - Horst, M.. PY - 1993/12. Y1 - 1993/12. N2 - We describe a chromatographic procedure for the removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) from proteins isolated by electroelution. It involves chromatography of electroeluates on poly(2-hydroxyethyl-aspartamide) silica, a support initially developed for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. The electroeluate, dialyzed against ammonium bicarbonate-SDS buffer, is directly injected onto the column, which is equilibrated in an n-propanol concentration greater than 60%. Bound proteins are eluted with a gradient of decreasing n-propanol. This procedure removes essentially all of the Coomassie blue-related contaminants and separates SDS from the protein. Due to the use of volatile buffer systems, the proteins are recovered in completely salt-free form, which facilitates further protein manipulation. ...
Glycosylations range among the most common posttranslational modifications with an estimated 50% of all proteins supposed to be glycosylated. These modifications are required for essential cellular processes including cell-cell recognition, protein structure and activity, e.g., of surface receptors, as well as subcellular localization of proteins. Beside the elucidation of the carbohydrate structures, the annotation of glycosylation sites is of primary interest as a basis for subsequent functional characterization. Although mass spectrometry is the method of choice for large-scale analysis of glycosylation sites, it requires initial enrichment of glycopeptides prior mass spectrometric detection in most cases. In this paper, we present a novel approach for glycopeptide enrichment by electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction chromatography (ERLIC). Glycopeptides were separated from the bulk of non-modified peptides and gradually eluted from the stationary phase with potential for isoform resolution.
The present invention relates to a cement slurry set in a wellbore. The slurry comprises cement, at least one mineral filler, water and a determined amount of at least one hydrophobically modified acrylamide or acrylate derivative. The present invention also relates to an additive specific to a cement slurry and acting as a filtrate reducer and as a rheological control agent, the additive comprising mainly a hydrophobically modified acrylamide or acrylate derivative.
Reversed phase retention mechanism of the C8 elute allows for the extraction of hydrophobic compounds from aqueous matrices that are too strongly retained on C18 sorbent. Provides for the quick release of hydrophobic molecules using weaker organic solvents. Typical applications includes peptide extraction from biological matrices (serum, plasma, urine), nutraceutical extractions from food and beverages ...
Reversed phase retention mechanism of the C8 elute allows for the extraction of hydrophobic compounds from aqueous matrices that are too strongly retained on C18 sorbent. Provides for the quick release of hydrophobic molecules using weaker organic solvents. Typical applications includes peptide extraction from biological matrices (serum, plasma, urine), nutraceutical extractions from food and beverages ...
As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.
Methods and reagents are disclosed for pretreating a sample suspected of containing a hydrophobic drug for conducting an assay method for detecting the hydrophobic drug. A combination is provided in a medium. The combination comprises (i) the sample, (ii) a releasing agent for releasing the hydrophobic drug and the metabolites from endogenous binding moieties, and (iii) a selective solubility agent that provides for substantially equal solubility of the hydrophobic drug and the metabolites in the medium. The selective solubility agent comprises a water miscible, non-volatile organic solvent and is present in the medium in a concentration sufficient to provide for substantially equal solubility of the hydrophobic drug and the metabolites in the medium. The medium, which may further comprise a hemolytic agent, is incubated under conditions for releasing the hydrophobic drug and the metabolites from endogenous binding moieties. For conducting an assay for the hydrophobic drug, the above pretreatment is
The protein encoded by this gene, glutathione S-transferase (GST) theta 1 (GSTT1), is a member of a superfamily of proteins that catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a variety of electrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. Human GSTs can be divided into five main classes: alpha, mu, pi, theta, and zeta. The theta class includes GSTT1, GSTT2, and GSTT2B. GSTT1 and GSTT2/GSTT2B share 55% amino acid sequence identity and may play a role in human carcinogenesis. The GSTT1 gene is haplotype-specific and is absent from 38% of the population. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015 ...
HPLC Part: 00B-4251-AF Luna® 3 µm C18(2) 100 Å, LC Column 50 x 0.5 mm, Capillary, Ea Recomended Use: Separation of hydrophobic compounds Separation Mode: Reversed Phase Solid Support: Fully Porous Silica Format: Capillary Column USP Designation: L1
HPLC Part: 00D-4248-Y0 Luna® 3 µm C8(2) 100 Å, LC Column 100 x 3 mm, Ea Recomended Use: Separation of very hydrophobic compounds Separation Mode: Reversed Phase Solid Support: Fully Porous Silica Format: Column USP Designation: L7
HPLC Part: 00D-4114-Y0 Luna® 3 µm C18 100 Å, LC Column 100 x 3 mm, Ea Recomended Use: Separation of hydrophobic compounds Separation Mode: Reversed Phase Solid Support: Fully Porous Silica Format: Column USP Designation: L1
HPLC Part: 00D-4114-E0 Luna® 3 µm C18 100 Å, LC Column 100 x 4.6 mm, Ea Recomended Use: Separation of hydrophobic compounds Separation Mode: Reversed Phase Solid Support: Fully Porous Silica Format: Column USP Designation: L1
The structural and energetic consequences of modifications to the hydrophobic cavity of interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) are described. Previous reports demonstrated that the entirely hydrophobic cavity of IL-1beta contains positionally disordered water. To gain a better understanding of the nature of this cavity and the water therein, a number of mutant proteins were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, designed to result in altered hydrophobicity of the cavity. These mutations involve the replacement of specific phenylalanine residues, which circumscribe the cavity, with tyrosine, tryptophan, leucine and isoleucine. Using differential scanning calorimetry to determine the relative stabilities of the wild-type and mutant proteins, we found all of the mutants to be destabilizing. X-ray crystallography was used to identify the structural consequences of the mutations. No clear correlation between the hydrophobicities of the specific side-chains introduced and the resulting stabilities was found ...
Progesterone, also known as gesterol or crinone, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure based on a hydroxylated prostane moiety. Thus, progesterone is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. Progesterone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Progesterone is a potentially toxic compound ...
நீர் விலக்கு விளைவு (Hydrophobic effect) என்பது முனைவுறும் தன்மையற்ற பொருட்களை நீர்க்கரைசலில் திரட்டுவதற்கும் மற்றும் நீரின் மூலக்கூறுகளை நீக்குவதற்கும் வேதியியல் பொருள்களால் வெளிப்படுத்தப்படும் ஒரு போக்கு ஆகும்.[1][2] இது நீர் மற்றும் முனைவற்ற தன்மை கொண்ட பொருட்களைத் தனியாகப் பிரித்தலை விவரிக்கிறது. இப்பண்பானது, தண்ணீரின் மூலக்கூறுகளுக்கிடையில் ஐதரசன் பிணைப்புகளை அதிகரித்து, ...
Tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world and its consumption has been associated with numerous potential health benefits. Factors such as fermentation methods, geographical origin and season can affect the primary and secondary metabolite composition of tea. In this study, a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) method coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ionisation modes was developed and optimised. The method when combined with principal component analysis to analyse three different types of tea, successfully distinguished samples into different categories, and provided evidence of the metabolites which differed between them. The accurate mass and high resolution attributes of the mass spectrometric data were utilised and relative quantification data were extracted post-data acquisition on 18 amino acids, showing significant differences in amino acid concentrations between tea types and countries. This study highlights the ...
A method for the analysis of dextran-1 has been developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with charged corona aerosol detection (CCAD) as a potential alternative to the size exclusion chromatography method described in the European Pharmacopoeia (EP). Click to read more...
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The present invention provides a method of cementing in a subterranean formation that includes providing a cement composition that includes water, cement, and a fluid loss control additive that includes a water-soluble hydrophobically modified polymer or a hydrophilically modified water-soluble polymer; placing the cement composition into the subterranean formation; and allowing the cement composition to set therein. In certain embodiments, the water-soluble hydrophobically modified polymer or the hydrophilically modified water-soluble polymer may include a polymer backbone that comprises polar heteroatoms. In another embodiment, the water-soluble hydrophobically modified polymer may be a reaction product of a hydrophobic compound with a polyvinylamine, a poly(vinylamine/vinyl alcohol), or an alkyl acrylate polymer.
Aggregation of the yeast Kluyveromyces bulgaricus is mediated by the galactose-specific lectin KbCWL1. This lectin contains hydrophobic amino acids and its activity is calcium dependent. A specific fluorescent probe, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid in the free acid form (ANS; Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri), was used to study the hydrophobic areas on the cellular surface of K. bulgaricus. Changes in surface hydrophobicity during the growth and aggregation of yeast cells were studied. Surface hydrophobicity increased during growth and depended on the amount of yeast cells in the culture medium. During growth, the size of the hydrophobic areas on the cell surface was measured using ANS and was found to increase with the percentage of flocculating yeasts. Our results strongly suggest that the hydrophobic areas of the cell walls of yeast cells are involved in the aggregation of K. bulgaricus.
The optimal concentration of tenofovir DF that needs to be delivered from an IVR to confer protection against HIV and HSV is unknown. Results from the CAPRISA 004 trial indicate that concentrations >1 μg/mL in CVL were associated with a significant reduction in HIV incidence compared with placebo [2.4 versus 9.1 per 100 person-years; incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.26, 95% CI 0.05-0.80, P=0.01].29 These data, combined with in vitro dose responses, suggest that delivery of 0.1-1 mg/day of tenofovir DF from an IVR will likely lead to substantially higher intracellular levels of TFV-DP than intermittent gel dosing. Both silicone and EVA have been used as IVR matrices for the delivery of hydrophobic compounds with logP values >3.30,31 However, drugs like tenofovir DF that are relatively hydrophilic do not have appreciable solubility in EVA or silicone and therefore the drug release is low.9 Earlier work in our laboratory has shown the capability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds ...
article{0f55d48c-6744-4fed-8c52-9bc57e9a4281, abstract = {The thickening effect of a hydrophobically modified polymer in an aqueous solution is dependent on intermolecular hydrophobic associations, and if the polymer concentration is significantly above the overlap concentration also on chain entanglements. In this investigation we have added different cyclodextrins (CD) in order to decouple hydrophobic polymer-polymer associations via inclusion complex formation with the polymer hydrophobic tails. Both size and hydrophobicity of the cavity of the CD-molecules were found to have an effect on the process. In addition, the influence of chemical structure of the polymer hydrophobic tails was investigated. Either a linear C-14-chain or a more bulky nonylphenol group was used. The viscosity as a function of CD-concentration first decreased strongly, and then attained a constant value. At excess CD the viscosity became virtually the same as in a solution of the unmodified parent polymer, provided that ...
Interest in chromatography using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) has continued to build in recent years. Although HILIC chromatography is known to provide valuable retention and selectivity of polar compounds and provide highly compa...
The capability to separate and analyze a wide range of proteins in complex systems remains a prime requirement in the biochemical sciences. Intact protein separations are especially difficult as these large molecules can present different conformations, association states and amphoteric features with chromatographic surfaces. Combining high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be an effective approach for solving difficult problems involving protein analyses. Considerable effort has been made to develop columns for separating proteins with high efficiency for reversed-phase, ion-exchange, size-exclusion chromatography, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). Even so, many situations still exist where insufficient resolution is available for accurate protein analysis even when high-resolution MS is available. This presentation provides ...
The association of a monodisperse model associative polymer, hydrophobically end-capped poly(ethylene oxide), denoted C(12)EO(460)C(12), in aqueous solution has been studied. The macroscopic properties have been investigated by theological methods and cor. ...
Aqueous dispersions of monoolein (MO) with a commercial hydrophobically modified ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HMEHEC) have been investigated with respect to the morphologies of the liquid crystalline nanoparticles. Only very low proportions of HMEHEC are accepted in the cubic and lamellar phases of the monoolein−water system. Due to the broad variation of composition and size of the commercial polymer, no other single-phase regions were found in the quasi-ternary system. Interactions of MO with different fractions of the HMEHEC sample induced the formation of lamellar and reversed hexagonal phases, identified from SAXD, polarization microscopy, and cryogenic TEM examinations. In excess water (more than 90 wt %) coarse dispersions are formed more or less spontaneously, containing particles of cubic phase from a size visible by the naked eye to small particles observed by cryoTEM. At high polymer/MO ratios, vesicles were frequently observed, often oligo-lamellar with inter-lamellar ...
Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 -> 2) -beta-D-fructofuranosyl-](n-1)-(1 -> 2) -beta-D-fructofuranoside (n=3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. In addition, the contents of nystose and 1F-fructofranosylnystose in the crude and purified Baizhu polysaccharides were determined to be 5.81%, 4.92% and 0.70%, 0.84% (w/w), respectively. In addition, MTT assay indicated that the Baizhu polysaccharides could effectively promote spleen lymphocyte transformation for the enhancement of organism immunity. It is for the first time that inulin-type polysaccharides were discovered in Baizhu and its immuno-enhancing activity was reported, which is a vigorous evidence ...
Superhydrophobic coatings and compositions and methods for preparing superhydrophobic coatings and compositions are described herein whereby the coatings and compositions are prepared under mild conditions, yet the methods are amenable to chemical functionalization of the coatings and components therein. The methods are useful for tuning and optimizing the physical properties of the coatings. In an embodiment, the coatings comprise nanostructured fluorinated silica colloids.
In this research, bacterial cell attachments to hematite, goethite and aluminium hydroxide were investigated. The aim was to study the effects of these minerals hydrophobicity and pH-dependent surface charge on the extent of biofilm formation using six genetically diverse bacterial strains: Rhodococcus spp.
Theadsorption of hydrophobicallymodifiedpolyelectrolytes(HMPEs)athydrophobicsurfaceswasstudied by ellipsometry. Both the adsorbed amount of polymer Γ and the layer thickness d were measured as a function of time. The HMPEs are polyacrylates carrying various fractions of grafted dodecyl chains. Hydrophobic interactions are responsible for the adsorption (unmodified polyacrylate does not adsorb at the surface). The surface anchoring of grafted dodecyl groups is coupled with the repulsion of charged acrylate groups. This results in the formation of large loops at the interface, separated by very short trains, since the probability to have two or more successive alkyl groups grafted at the polymer chain is small. Asinthecase ofordinarypolyelectrolytes,themeanthickness oftheadsorbedlayerdecreaseswithincreasing solution ionic strength. Changesof theHMPEchemical composition (molar ratio,X, of alkyl units attached on the polyacrylate backbone) affect the adsorbed layer structure in a complex fashion. HMPEs
Capillary origami uses surface tension to fold and shape solid films and membranes into three-dimensional structures. It uses the fact that solid surfaces, no matter how hydrophobic, will tend to adhere to and wrap around the surface of a liquid. In this work, we report that a superhydrophobic coating can be created, which can completely suppress wrapping as a contacting water droplet evaporates. We also show that using a wetting azeotropic solution of allyl alcohol, which penetrates the surface features, can enhance liquid adhesion and create more powerful Capillary Origami. These findings create the possibility of selectively shaping membrane substrates.. ...
OprG is an outer membrane protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa whose function as an antibiotic-sensitive porin has been controversial and not well defined. Circumstantial evidence led to the proposal that OprG might transport hydrophobic compounds by using a lateral gate in the barrel wall thought to b …
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hydrophobic forces and the length limit of foldable protein domains. AU - Lin, Milo M.. AU - Zewail, Ahmed H.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2012/6/19. Y1 - 2012/6/19. N2 - To find the native conformation (fold), proteins sample a subspace that is typically hundreds of orders of magnitude smaller than their full conformational space. Whether such fast folding is intrinsic or the result of natural selection, and what is the longest foldable protein, are open questions. Here, we derive the average conformational degeneracy of a lattice polypeptide chain in water and quantitatively show that the constraints associated with hydrophobic forces are themselves sufficient to reduce the effective conformational space to a size compatible with the folding of proteins up to approximately 200 amino acids long within a biologically reasonable amount of time. This size range is in general agreement with the experimental protein domain length ...
This chapter discusses the aspects of bioremediation that are related to metabolism of recalcitrant chemicals by bacteria, leaving out also detoxification and immobilization of metal ions and metalloids. The most frequent types of sites amenable to bioremediation include soil, freshwater, seawater, and sediments. The chapter talks about the instances where recalcitrant and/or xenobiotic compounds are endowed with chemical properties that cause a deleterious effect on the catalytic microorganisms present in the site-regardless of whether they can be ultimately metabolized. The chemicals at stake include metals, chaotropic agents, aromatics, and hydrophobic compounds. These stressors can be grouped based on their effect on bacterial metabolism. Heat shock-like stress and oxidative damage are certainly the two more prevalent conditions endured by environmental bacteria during in situ biodegradation of chemical waste. This is true for singular stressors as well as for mixtures of them, the most frequent
The costs of academic publishing are absurd. The University of California is fighting back. https://t.co/4lZMxDAUPY via @voxdotcom, ...
Minimal Syntax: % pepplot PIR:kihua -Default Prompted Parameters: -BEGin=1/END=100 sets the range of interest -DENsity=87 sets the density in residues per 100 platen units -MENu=a sets the sequence display b charged-polar-hydrophobic residue cartoon c beta forming-breaking symbols d Chou-Fasman alpha-beta prediction curves e alpha forming-breaking symbols f Chou-Fasman NH2-Ends prediction curves g Chou-Fasman CO2-Ends prediction curves h Chou-Fasman turn prediction curve i helical hydrophobic moment for alpha and beta j hydropathy and hydrophilicity Local Data Files: -DATa1=pepplot.dat specifies amino acid attributes except for Garnier -DATa2=ges.dat specifies hydrophobicities for the GES curve -DATa3=garnier.dat specifies amino acid attributes for Garnier Optional Parameters: -CFFile[=kihua.cho] writes the Chou and Fasman predictions -GARnierfile[=kihua.gar] writes the Garnier predictions -MOMentfile[=kihua.mom] writes the Hydrophobic moment values -HWINdow=9 sets the window for hydropathy ...
Farnaud, S., Amini, M., Rapisarda, C., Cammack, R., Buic, T., Drake, A.F., Evans, R.W., Rahmanto, Y.S. and Richardson, D.R. 2008. Biochemical and spectroscopic studies of human melanotransferrin (MTf): electron-paramagnetic resonance evidence for a difference between the iron-binding site of MTf and other transferrins. International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 40 (12), pp. 2739-2745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2008.07.003 Therapeutic exploitation of endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms: old and new leads ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - DPD simulation of protein conformations. T2 - From α-helices to β-structures. AU - Vishnyakov, Aleksey. AU - Talaga, David S.. AU - Neimark, Alexander V.. PY - 2012/11/1. Y1 - 2012/11/1. N2 - We suggest a coarse-grained model for DPD simulations of polypeptides in solutions. The model mimics hydrogen bonding that stabilizes α-helical and β-structures using dissociable Morse bonds between quasiparticles representing the peptide groups amenable to hydrogen bonding. We demonstrate the capabilities of the model by simulating transitions between coil-like, globular, α-helical, and β-hairpin configurations of model peptides, varying Morse potential parameters, the hydrophobicities of residue side chains, and pH, which determines the charges of residue side chains. We construct a model triblock polypeptide mimicking the sequence of residues α-synuclein at two different pHs. The conformations of this model polypeptide depend on pH similarly to the behavior observed experimentally. ...
Disclosed are hydrophilic coatings covalently bound to hydrophobic surfaces as well as methods for their production. To form the coated surfaces, a compound is provided which comprises a hydrophobic domain including an unsaturated group and a hydrophilic domain. Also provided is a hydrophobic surface comprising unsaturated groups. Molecules of the compound are adsorbed onto the hydrophobic surface, and the unsaturated groups in the hydrophobic domains of molecules of the compound then are covalently crosslinked to the unsaturated groups on the hydrophobic surface by a free radical reaction. In one embodiment, hydrophilic coatings may be covalently attached to hydrophobic polymers such as divinylbenzene crosslinked polystyrene. Hydrophilic coatings covalently attached to hydrophobic surfaces are obtained which are stable, which may be readily derivatized, and which are useful in a wide range of chromatography applications.
Abstract - Coalescing drops spontaneously jump out of plane on a variety of biological and synthetic superhydrophobic surfaces, with potential applications ranging from self-cleaning materials to self-sustained condensers. To investigate the mechanism of the self-propelled jumping, we report three-dimensional phase-field simulations of two identical spherical drops coalescing on a flat surface with a contact angle of 180°. The numerical simulations capture the spontaneous jumping process which follows the capillary-inertial scaling. The out-of-plane directionality is shown to result from the counter action of the substrate to the impingement of the liquid bridge between the coalescing drops. A viscous cutoff to the capillary-inertial velocity scaling is identified when the Ohnesorge number of the initial drops is around 0.1, but the corresponding viscous cutoff radius is too small to be tested experimentally. Compared to experiments on both superhydrophobic and Leidenfrost surfaces, our ...
A direct comparison of two strategies for designing antimicrobial polymers is presented. Previously, we published several reports on the use of facially amphiphilic (FA) monomers which led to polynorbornenes with excellent antimicrobial activities and selectivities. Our polymers obtained by copolymerization of structurally similar segregated monomers, in which cationic and non-polar moieties reside on separate repeat units, led to polymers with less pronounced activities. A wide range of polymer amphiphilicities was surveyed by pairing a cationic oxanorbornene with eleven different non-polar monomers and varying the comonomer feed ratios. Their properties were tested using antimicrobial assays and copolymers possessing intermediate hydrophobicities were the most active. Polymer-induced leakage of dye-filled liposomes and microscopy of polymer-treated bacteria support a membrane-based mode of action. From these results there appears to be profound differences in how a polymer made from FA ...
Hydrophobic or amphiphilic tetrapyrrole sensitizers are taken up by cells and are usually located in cellular lipid membranes. Singlet oxygen is photogenerated by the sensitizer and it diffuses in the membrane and causes oxidative damage to membrane components. In this talk I shall describe two aspects of the localized photochemistry that is occurring in the confined membranes medium. Singlet oxygens intrinsic lifetime in the membrane is 15-35 µs, depending on the constituting lipids, while its lifetime in H2O is 3 µs. Therefore, any oxidative damage that singlet oxygen might cause to membrane proteins or lipids, must occur while it diffuses in the membrane, before escaping out of the lipid phase. Thus, the efficiency of photosensitization depends, among others, on the vertical location of the sensitizer in the membrane. We employed several classes of tetrapyrrole sensitizers (porphyrins, chlorins, phthalocyanines and porphyrazines), that were modified to alter their hydrophobicities and ...
A list of 16 letter words that begin with Hy in the mammoth uncensored word list. hydrodynamically hydrodynamicists hydroelectricity hydrofluosilicic hydroformylation hydrogenisations hydrogenizations hydromeningocele hydrometeorology hydrophilicities hydrophobicities hydroxylapatites hygroscopicities hyperawarenesses hypercatabolisms hypercellularity hypercompetitive hypercorrections hypercorrectness hypercortisolism etc.
Comparison of flotation performance between the flotation column and mechanical ... flotation cell and cyclonic microbubble flotation column in terms of separation ... The effect of hydrophobicity on the drainage of gangue minerals in flotation froths. ... characteristics with appli ion to centrifugal force field flotation cells. ...
We recently showed that vaccination with a complex of cholesterol-bearing hydrophobized pullulan and NY-ESO-1 protein (CHP-NY-ESO-1) elicited antibody responses in 9 of 9 patients vaccinated in a clinical trial. In this study, we performed T cell immunomonitoring and analyzed tumor responses in thes …
This is amazing. I can see so much usage for this technique in the future in battling blood cancers, hemophilia, and other treatments beyond heart surgery and kidney dialysis. Coating dialysis tubes with a water-repellent material leaves red blood cells unscathed.
List of words make out of Hydrophilicity. Anagrams of word Hydrophilicity. Words made after scrabbling Hydrophilicity. Word Creation helps in Anagrams and Puzzles.
In the compound interacts while using the Cys496, that is extremely exclusive on the Etk. Only eight kinases from the 491 kinases which were analyzed inside a previous review [29,30] present Threonine and Cysteine at these positions. Hence CTA095s conversation with the two Thr489 and Cys496 may possibly present it with exceptional kinase selectivity. We also employed LigPlot to forecast hydrogen bonding andor hydrophobic interactions in the binding pocket, and our results confirmed that many hydrophobic interactions are responsible for that CTA095-Etk binding (Determine S3A and S3B). Aspect chains that putatively interact with CTA095 are proven in Determine S3C. Examination on the molecular dynamics trajectories also demonstrate which the R3 team as well as three-ring main interact strongly and stably while using the facet chains during the binding pocket, while R1 and areas of R2 are solvent uncovered, and mayPLOS A person , www.plosone.orgserve as targets for further more improvement on the ...
We report a simple and inexpensive method of fabricating novel hydrophobic polymer blend networks based on polyamide,known as nylon, and polyethylcyanoacrylate.
Lipids are characterized by their amphipathic character. Because of this, they typically arrange in a bilayer configuration. The hydrophobic tails, however, also serve as a reservoir of metabolic energy, undergoing beta-oxidation in the Krebs cycle. In cells, lipids are stored in specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs) after esterification of their polar head with an additional hydrophobic chain. Thus, LDs can be considered as the dispersed phase of oil-emulsions-in-water, with the cytosol as the continuous phase. Our understanding of the molecular properties of LDs is very limited, and we are currently investigating how their function and behaviour is modulated by their unique chemical properties.. ...
Lipids are characterized by their amphipathic character. Because of this, they typically arrange in a bilayer configuration. The hydrophobic tails, however, also serve as a reservoir of metabolic energy, undergoing beta-oxidation in the Krebs cycle. In cells, lipids are stored in specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs) after esterification of their polar head with an additional hydrophobic chain. Thus, LDs can be considered as the dispersed phase of oil-emulsions-in-water, with the cytosol as the continuous phase. Our understanding of the molecular properties of LDs is very limited, and we are currently investigating how their function and behaviour is modulated by their unique chemical properties.. ...
The hydrophobic effect refers to the tendency of nonpolar molecules to cling together when placed in water. Oil floating on water and water beading on waxy surfaces are examples of the hydrophobic...
|p|Silia|em||span style=color: #f37021;|Bond|/span||/em||sup|®|/sup| C18 11% is used as a reversed-phase chromatographic matrix when large hydrophobic molecules are too strongly retained on Silia|span style=color: #f37021;||em|Bond|/em| 
Endotoxins are small, stable, bacterially-derived hydrophobic molecules which can easily contaminate labware and whose presence can significantly impact both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Sigmas ultrapure HyStem line of products is produced according to these guidelines, yielding a product that is suitable for demanding in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Wetting is an everyday phenomenon that represents how well liquid spreads on a surface. When water comes into contact with an extremely water-repellent, or superhydrophobic surface, droplets bead up and roll off easily. Researchers have developed a measurement technique called Scanning Droplet Adhesion Microscopy (SDAM) to understand and characterize the wetting properties of superhydrophobic materials ...
Water interaction with hydrophobic and hydrophilic soot particles. Popovicheva, O., N. M. Persiantseva, N. K. Shonija, P. J. ... Water interaction with hydrophobic and hydrophilic soot particles, c the Owner Societies, 2008, 10, doi:10.1039/b718944n. ... Hydrophobic and hydrophilic soot are qualitatively defined by their water uptake and surface polarity: laboratory soot ... The interaction of water with laboratory soots possessing a range of properties relevant for atmospheric studies is examined by ...
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions * Protein Binding* * Protein Conformation * Protein Stability * Proteins / chemistry* ... indicating that many of the interactions that promote the formation of functional complexes, including hydrophobic and ... We show here that a complementary contribution to the regulation of the interactions between proteins is provided by the ... of proteins are promoted by similar forces but also that they are closely regulated by the presence of specific interactions ...
The hydrophobic effect - the tendency for oil and water to segregate - is important in diverse phenomena, from the cleaning of ... This effect is multifaceted depending on whether hydrophobic molecules are individually hydrated or driven to assemble into ... Despite the basic principles underlying the hydrophobic effect being qualitatively well understood, only recently have ... The hydrophobic effect - the tendency for oil and water to segregate - is important in diverse phenomena, from the cleaning of ...
Micellar, microemulsion, and other types of HPLC performed on hydrophobic phases. *Chapter 11. Hydrophilic interaction liquid ... Other chromatographic techniques based on polar interactions. *Chapter 13. Ion exchange, ion-moderated, and ligand exchange ...
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions. 1. 2013. 438. 0.030. Why? NIH 3T3 Cells. 1. 2013. 701. 0.030. Why? ...
... this creates a potential for a large selectivity for purification from hydrophobic to hydrophilic interactions. The pH ... polymer surface can be easily modified and facilitates a large selectivity range from hydrophobic to hydrophilic interactions. ... Our polymers have a very high specific surface area that maximizes pi-pi interactions. The capacity of our polymers are ...
... substitution between them most likely maintains hydrophobic interactions and proper conformation of the binding pocket. In ... contrast, Gln226 and Gly228 are normally found in the HA1 molecule of avian viruses (10). Gln is classified as a hydrophilic ...
... and hydrophobic interactions. ... understanding of the delicate balance between hydrophilic ( ... Host-guest interactions of curcubiturils with fluorescent probes, photoCORMs, TTA-UC molecular systems, Au(I) - coumarin ... The group investigates the structure and dynamics of molecules of Life, their interactions and their role in health and disease ... In the colloid area, we highlight the study of the interactions between metal ions, surfactants and polymers in aqueous ...
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions 6% * Fermentation 6% * Biomimetics 6% * Particle Size 6% ...
PVPs solubility properties are attributed to its chemical structure, where it displays hydrophilic and hydrophobic components ... The hydrogen bonding causes interactions and the formation of complexes with low molecular weight compounds. The Tg of PVP has ... Krkobabić, M.; Medarević, D.; Cvijić, S.; Grujić, B.; Ibrić, S. Hydrophilic excipients in digital light processing (DLP) ... and the decreased polymeric chain interaction. In a previous study, they reported that the introduction of a non-melting filler ...
Fortunately, our membrane retain hydrophilic groups (Supplementary Fig. 4) that decreases hydrophobic interaction with the ... which are strongly hydrophilic. Concentration of a GO dispersion occurs because the hydrogel beads absorb and retain water23 ... the randomly distributed nematic phases align in the direction of shear stress and produces less physical interaction with each ...
... and issues such as undesirable viscosity and physicochemical stability or inability to efficiently encapsulate hydrophilic/ ... hydrophobic molecules still persist, limiting DDS applications. To overcome that, biohybrid systems, originating from the ... due to limited thermodynamic interactions between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces of the drug and the lipid ... Finally, CD and liposomal systems are able to incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules in their structure. ...
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions 15% * Surface-Active Agents 14% * Culture Media 12% ...
... very hydrophobic segments and some partially hydrophilic/hydrophobic segments to allow the molecule to be compatible with all ... species available commercially that can be used in the molecular synthesis to influence a partial hydrophilic interaction (HP) ... The hydrophilic blocks mainly come from the amines used (AM), while the hydrophobic portions come from pure epoxy used in the ... have a molecular structure that behaves similar to a surfactant in that it is a block co-polymer consisting of very hydrophilic ...
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions Medicine & Life Sciences 76% * Adsorption Medicine & Life Sciences 75% ... more hydrophilic adsorbents. These adsorbed-mass measurements corroborate predictions based on interfacial energetics and are ... more hydrophilic adsorbents. These adsorbed-mass measurements corroborate predictions based on interfacial energetics and are ... more hydrophilic adsorbents. These adsorbed-mass measurements corroborate predictions based on interfacial energetics and are ...
Versatility - high adsorption affinity for a wide range of hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials. ... Steric interactions between molecules. Common benefits are:. * ...
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions Medicine & Life Sciences 33% * Lenses Medicine & Life Sciences 29% ...
Absorption of the hydrophobic alkyl group to a hydrophobic surface exposes the hydrophilic ethylene glycol chains, thus making ... increasing positive interactions between substrates and enzymes; and 4) reducing enzyme non-productive binding to lignin and ... Tween contains hydrophilic ethylene glycol head groups and a hydrophobic alkyl tail. Hydrophilic surfactants have been reported ... Tween additives contain hydrophilic ethylene glycol head groups and a hydrophobic alkyl tail. ...
... hydrophobic interaction, hydrophilic interaction, and affinity chromatography. ... SeQuant® HILIC (hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) HPLC columns carry densely bonded, zwitterionic functional ...
Modified hydrophilic: hydrophobic ratios can improve membrane-solvent interactions via modulating water sorption. Additionally ... The smallest hydrophilic: hydrophobic block investigated minimally swells without compromising ion solvation which seems to ... Further adaptation of the hydrophilic:hydrophobic block ratio to each of these different waters can provide a roadmap of how ... A series of anion exchange membranes were synthesized in a range of hydrophilic: hydrophobic block ratios and fully ...
"For example, how do the nanoparticles orient themselves on hydrophobic versus hydrophilic surfaces? How can we formulate the ... Future research will explore how the interaction between the ink and the surface being printed on might be conducive to the ... ink and exploit its interaction with a surface to enable self-assembly of the particles?" she said. ...
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions Medicine & Life Sciences 81% * Chromatography Medicine & Life Sciences 72% ... Hydrophobic interaction chromatography can readily assess the extent of surface heterogeneity of PEGylated particulate drug ... Hydrophobic interaction chromatography can readily assess the extent of surface heterogeneity of PEGylated particulate drug ... Hydrophobic interaction chromatography can readily assess the extent of surface heterogeneity of PEGylated particulate drug ...
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions Medicine & Life Sciences 79% * oxidation Agriculture & Biology 78% ...
... hydrophobic and hydrophilic) [10,19]. BACs hydrophilic cationic region destabilizes the pathogens surface through ... Interactions between biocide cationic agents and bacterial biofilms. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 46 (5): 1469-1474. ... BACs hydrophobic region penetrates the hydrophobic bilayer to cause cell leakage [10,17,18]. The ultimate effect of BACs is to ... Mycobacteria are some of the most antiseptic-resistant opportunistic pathogens, characterized by highly hydrophobic cell walls ...
Hydrophobic JQ1 and hydrophilic CuS and CpG were encapsulated into temperature-responsive liposomes through hydrophobic and π-π ... stacking interactions. The EE of CNSD was 71.8% for CuS, 57.2% for JQ1, and 69.8% for CpG, and the corresponding LC values were ...
... incompatibility of the hydrophobic polymer with the hydrophilic nanoparticles which results in poor interfacial interactions. ...
The hydrophobic portion of the protein allows it to be cemented into the bilayer through hydrophobic interactions with the long ... where the hydrophilic heads are the outer and inner ring while the hydrophobic tails are in between the hydrophilic heads ... 4. Noncovalent Interactions[edit , edit source]. For the phospholipid bilayer, even though it consists of hydrophilic heads on ... containing both components of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions within the molecule), lipids are generally hydrophobic due ...
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions G2.842.312 G2.409 Hydrotherapy E2.831.535.492 Hydrothermal Vents G16.500.275.260.750 ... Host-Parasite Interactions G16.100.380.400 G16.543.400 Host-Pathogen Interactions G6.590.470 G6.380 G16.100.380 G16.543 Hosta ... Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs G2.111.570.820.709.610.640 G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.500 Protein Interaction Maps ... Rod-Cone Interaction G11.561.600.810.964.186.624 G11.561.790.964.186.624 G14.640.816.186.624 G14.935.186.624 Root Resorption ...
Hydrophobic drugs and hydrophilic drugs could both be loaded into liposomes. These two kinds of drugs can be loaded into ... Abbott NJ, Rönnbäck L, Hansson E. Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006;7(1):41 ... Hydrophilic molecules, such as peptides and proteins, may enter the brain by specific transport mechanisms.5 Transit limitation ... Qiu D, An X, Chen Z, Ma X. Microstructure study of liposomes decorated by hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles. Chem Phys Lipids ...
  • This effect is multifaceted depending on whether hydrophobic molecules are individually hydrated or driven to assemble into larger structures. (semanticscholar.org)
  • By studying the interaction between two hydrophobic oil drops in water under well-controlled conditions where all known surface forces are suppressed, this work observes only a strong, short-ranged attraction with an exponential decay length of 0.30 ± 0.03 nm, comparable to molecular correlations of water molecules. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Despite that, there is no perfect delivery carrier, and issues such as undesirable viscosity and physicochemical stability or inability to efficiently encapsulate hydrophilic/hydrophobic molecules still persist, limiting DDS applications. (hindawi.com)
  • [1] Although lipids are amphiphatic molecules (containing both components of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions within the molecule), lipids are generally hydrophobic due largely in part to their large proportion of hydrocarbons to polar regions (due to oxygen containing functional groups). (wikibooks.org)
  • These molecules do not "stack" very well, weakening the intermolecular interactions between molecules compared to saturated molecules. (wikibooks.org)
  • Hydrophilic molecules, such as peptides and proteins, may enter the brain by specific transport mechanisms. (dovepress.com)
  • Detergents are a class of molecules whose unique properties enable manipulation (disruption or formation) of hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions among molecules in biological samples. (thermofisher.com)
  • Consequently, detergent molecules allow the dispersion (miscibility) of water-insoluble, hydrophobic compounds into aqueous media, including the extraction and solubilization of membrane proteins. (thermofisher.com)
  • Comparative Study of Water-Mediated Interactions between Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Nanoscale Surfaces. (semanticscholar.org)
  • For example, how do the nanoparticles orient themselves on hydrophobic versus hydrophilic surfaces? (designworldonline.com)
  • The results show the analysis of the solvent exposed surfaces (SASA) of the proteins, of the proteins in the state of aggregation, of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, different amino acids, interdistance between the hydrophobic cores of the proteins, energies of interaction between groups, radial distribution functions and other parameters that characterize the dynamics and structure ofprotein aggregation. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Interactions between hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces on microscopic scale and the influence of air bubbles as observed by scanning force microscopy in aqueous and alcoholic mediums. (mpg.de)
  • Specific detection of interactions between uncharged surfaces in different solvents: high resolution imaging by chemical force microscopy. (mpg.de)
  • In the second part, we show that precise hydrophobic/hydrophilic chemical patterning on a variety of solid surfaces provides an important way to control the dynamic behavior of adjacent water. (jhu.edu)
  • Stephen H. Donaldson Jr., Markus Valtiner, Matthew A. Gebbie, Jaye K. Harada, and Jacob N. Israelachvili, "Interactions and visualization of bio-mimetic membrane detachment at smooth and nano-rough gold electrode surfaces," Soft Matter 9 (21), 5231-5238 (2013). (mpie.de)
  • The magnitudes and range of the measured interaction forces also depend on the surface area of the probe used: At extended surfaces, dipole alignment parallel to the surface leads to a stronger attraction due to electrostatic correlations of freely rotating surface dipoles and charge patches on the apposing surfaces. (mpie.de)
  • Our results may be important to a range of scale-dependent interaction phenomena related to solvent/water structuring on dipolar and hydrophobic surfaces at interfaces. (mpie.de)
  • Surfaces can be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic , that is "water fearing" or "water loving. (nasa.gov)
  • Standard nonpolarizable force fields used in classical simulations are capable of resolving the fine details of the hydrophobic attraction of peptides, and analysis of the involved energetics shows that water-structure effects and dispersive interactions give contributions of comparable magnitude that largely cancel out. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Traditionally, glycans are isolated from proteins or peptides using a combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic columns: proteins and peptides remain on hydrophobic absorbent while glycans, salts, and other hydrophilic reagents are collected as flowthrough. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Tween additives contain hydrophilic ethylene glycol head groups and a hydrophobic alkyl tail. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Absorption of the hydrophobic alkyl group to a hydrophobic surface exposes the hydrophilic ethylene glycol chains, thus making the surface resistant to non-specific protein adsorption [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These thermo-responsive core-shell structure microgels are constructed from oligo(ethylene glycol) as a hydrophilic shell and hydrophobic biocompatible materials as core, such as poly(2-vinylanisole) and poly(4-allylanisole). (cuny.edu)
  • The results of a systematic analysis of the protein-protein complexes in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) show that interface regions are more prone to aggregate than other surface regions, indicating that many of the interactions that promote the formation of functional complexes, including hydrophobic and electrostatic forces, can potentially also cause abnormal intermolecular association. (nih.gov)
  • Novel fibers, soft nanoparticles and new polymeric thickeners are being designed and prepared by improved understanding of the delicate balance between hydrophilic (often electrostatic) and hydrophobic interactions. (uc.pt)
  • BAC's hydrophilic cationic region destabilizes the pathogen's surface through electrostatic interactions with negatively charged components displacing surface-stabilizing cations [9,10,18]. (kenyon.edu)
  • 100 nm) interaction forces between apposing hydrophobic lipid monolayers are now well understood in terms of a partial turnover of mobile lipid patches, giving rise to a correlated long-range electrostatic attraction. (mpie.de)
  • Length-Scale Effects in Hydrophobic Polymer Collapse Transitions. (semanticscholar.org)
  • The polymer surface can be easily modified and facilitates a large selectivity range from hydrophobic to hydrophilic interactions. (interchim.com)
  • A secondary problem is the incompatibility of the hydrophobic polymer with the hydrophilic nanoparticles which results in poor interfacial interactions. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Instead of a hydrophilic alcohol group (an oxygen-hydrogen molecule bound to a hydrogen-saturated carbon atom), the final lignin polymer contained a hydrophobic aldehyde group (a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom). (biomassmagazine.com)
  • Disclosed herein are amphiphilic surfactants which comprise a polymer chain having a hydrophobic unit and hydrophilic unit wherein the polymer is tethered to an inorganic nanoparticle. (justia.com)
  • A surfactant is an organic compound (typically a macromolecule or polymer) that contains a hydrophilic as well as a hydrophobic region. (medscape.com)
  • We show here that a complementary contribution to the regulation of the interactions between proteins is provided by the physicochemical properties of their amino acid sequences. (nih.gov)
  • These results indicate that functional and dysfunctional association of proteins are promoted by similar forces but also that they are closely regulated by the presence of specific interactions that stabilize native states. (nih.gov)
  • The hydrophobic effect - the tendency for oil and water to segregate - is important in diverse phenomena, from the cleaning of laundry, to the creation of micro-emulsions to make new materials, to the assembly of proteins into functional complexes. (semanticscholar.org)
  • These detergents totally disrupt membranes and denature proteins by breaking protein-protein interactions. (thermofisher.com)
  • Hence, we aimed to predict drug target proteins in F. nucleatum , through subtractive genomics approach and host-pathogen protein-protein interactions (HP-PPIs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prediction of HP-PPIs exhibited 186 interactions contributed by 103 host and 76 bacterial proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proteome, first described as "the total protein complement able to be encoded by a given genome," [ 104 ] has undergone stark revision to include "the set of all protein isoforms and modifications, the interactions between them, (and) the structural description of proteins and their higher order complexes. (medscape.com)
  • The hydroxyl groups of bile salts protrude in the same direction, a feature that is partly responsible for their detergent activity because it confers high-water solubility and generates delimited hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Though several solvents are available to dissolve lipophilic (hydrophobic) drugs, solubility and toxicity aspects pose a challenge, when combined with the cell culture medium. (who.int)
  • The hydrophilic external surface of the micelle provides solubility in fluids. (medscape.com)
  • The evolution and technological improvement led almost 30 years later to the development of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN, in 1990) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC, in 2000), with greater stability and ability to efficiently encapsulate hydrophobic drugs than liposomes [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The interaction of water with laboratory soots possessing a range of properties relevant for atmospheric studies is examined by two complementary methods: gravimetrical measurement of water uptake coupled with chemical composition and porosity analysis and HTDMA (humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer) inference of water uptake accompanied by separate TEM (transmission electron microscopy) analysis of single particles. (nasa.gov)
  • Hydrophobic and hydrophilic soot are qualitatively defined by their water uptake and surface polarity: laboratory soot particles are thus classified from very hydrophobic to very hydrophilic. (nasa.gov)
  • Thermal soot particles produced from natural gas combustion are classified as hydrophobic with a surface of low polarity since water is found to cover only half of the surface. (nasa.gov)
  • Graphitized thermal soot particles are proposed for comparison as extremely hydrophobic and of very low surface polarity. (nasa.gov)
  • How can we formulate the ink and exploit its interaction with a surface to enable self-assembly of the particles? (designworldonline.com)
  • Hydrophobic interaction chromatography can readily assess the extent of surface heterogeneity of PEGylated particulate drug delivery systems and pre-select particles with optimal retention times in the blood. (brighton.ac.uk)
  • Even though the water surface of a liquid marble is covered by hydrophobic (water-repellent) particles, they can still evaporate faster than bare water droplets. (photonics.com)
  • In the work, the KAUST team studied marbles formed from particles with different hydrophobic natures and surface roughness and sizes, varying from nano to micro. (photonics.com)
  • It investigated the evaporation of liquid marbles formed with particles of varied sizes - from over 7 nm to 300 μm, and chemical compositions ranging from hydrophilic, or wetting, to superhydrophobic. (photonics.com)
  • C) Snapshots from a published movie, where the hydrophobic particles are poured onto a water droplet to create a liquid marble. (photonics.com)
  • We show that a surprisingly simple mechanism, based only on excluded volume interactions, can drive achiral particles into chiral materials. (jhu.edu)
  • In a wound, the hydrophobic region of the micelle traps fragments of loose tissue, such as necrotic material or microbial particles. (medscape.com)
  • In the colloid area, we highlight the study of the interactions between metal ions, surfactants and polymers in aqueous solution, evaluating and controlling properties such as the beginning of self-aggregation, types of aggregates formed, and the rheological behavior. (uc.pt)
  • Instead of the hydrophilic head-hydrophobic tail (head-tail) structure that leads to a prolate shape typically associated with surfactants, bile salts have a rigid steroid group with four rings attached to a short and flexible tail, as shown in Fig. 1(a) for the bile salt taurochenodeoxycholate. (rsc.org)
  • In the upper intestinal tract, the bile salt tail predominantly ends in a hydrophilic glycine or taurine group which, depending on pH, may be charged. (rsc.org)
  • Further down in the intestinal tract the taurine or glycine conjugation is removed and the bile salts become more hydrophobic. (rsc.org)
  • Co-localization and interaction between NAT10 and MORC2 were examined by immunofluorescent staining and immunoprecipitation assays, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interaction studies of feldspar and quartz with a mixed cationic/anionic collector namely N-tallow 1,3-propylenediamine-dioleate (duomeen TDO) were carried-out. (widgetpot.pl)
  • Versatility - high adsorption affinity for a wide range of hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials. (borregaard.com)
  • In contrast, aircraft engine soot, produced from burning TC1 kerosene in a gas turbine engine combustor, has an extremely hydrophilic surface of high polarity. (nasa.gov)
  • The silica surface can be easily modified, this creates a potential for a large selectivity for purification from hydrophobic to hydrophilic interactions. (interchim.com)
  • Our polymers have a very high specific surface area that maximizes pi-pi interactions. (interchim.com)
  • It is shown that adsorbent capacity for albumin measured in interfacial-concentration units (mg/mL) decreases monotonically with increasing surface energy (water wettability) to detection limits near an adsorbent-particle water adhesion tension τ 0 = 30 dyne / cm (nominal water contact angle θ = 6 5 {ring operator} ) and that albumin does not adsorb to (concentrate within the surface region of) more hydrophilic adsorbents. (elsevier.com)
  • Future research will explore how the interaction between the ink and the surface being printed on might be conducive to the production of specific types of devices. (designworldonline.com)
  • Surface heterogeneity was determined by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, measurements of particle electrophoretic mobility in a defined field and adlayer thickness of the projected mPEG chains. (brighton.ac.uk)
  • B) Various hydrophobic surface compositions obtained using silanes. (photonics.com)
  • The interaction between collector and minerals has potential to change the surface properties from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. (widgetpot.pl)
  • We recently described similarly strong long-ranged attractive forces between self-assembled monolayers of carboranethiols, with dipole moments aligned either parallel or perpendicular to the surface, and hydrophobic lipid monolayers deposited on mica. (mpie.de)
  • We compared the interaction forces measured at very different length scales using atomic force microscope and surface forces apparatus measurements. (mpie.de)
  • In addition, to describing surface charge interaction between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances with relative property changes in the water. (naturalaction.com)
  • The particle population separation by hydrophobic interaction chromatography demonstrated a remarkable linear relationship between the particle zeta potential and phagocytosis by J774 A1 macrophage-like cells. (brighton.ac.uk)
  • This review aims to outline the recent efforts made to determine the hydrophobic interaction at a nanoscopic length scale and discusses the influence of chemical heterogeneity on the modulation of amphiphilic peptide/protein assembly and molecular recognition. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Philipp Stock, Thomas Utzig, and Markus Valtiner, "Direct and quantitative AFM measurements of the concentration and temperature dependence of the hydrophobic force law at nanoscopic contacts," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 446 , 244-251 (2015). (mpie.de)
  • 2,3 Bile salts are also used in the formulation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, because of their ability to enhance drug transport across tissues. (rsc.org)
  • A better understanding of the interactions between bacteria and bile salts may inspire novel therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases that involve microbiome alteration, as well as novel schemes against bacterial infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Alginate spheroids demonstrated a slower release of hydrophilic drug due to ease of matrix swelling and aggregation in the absence of MCC. (uitm.edu.my)
  • The team's conclusion-that hydrophobic, or water repelling, lignin binds less with hydrophilic, or water attracting, hemicellulose-points researchers toward a promising way to engineer better plants for biofuel. (biomassmagazine.com)
  • The "kink" in the hydrophobic tail interferes with the tight packing of the tails, lowering the melting temperature. (wikibooks.org)
  • Like the components of biological membranes, detergents have hydrophobic-associating properties as a result of their non-polar tail groups. (thermofisher.com)
  • As a result, close intermolecular interactions result in relatively high melting points. (wikibooks.org)
  • [ 109 ] The pure arithmetic and subtlety of protein transformations and interactions has led to many semiofficial subcategories of proteomics that constrict their profiling domains to specific molecule classes, cellular functions, or PTMs, etc. [ 110-112 ] Simply put, the scale of the proteome is staggering. (medscape.com)
  • We directly measure and quantify the hydrophobic force-distance law over large temperature and concentration ranges. (mpie.de)
  • We compare our results to the large body of available literature, and shed new light into range and magnitude of hydrophobic interactions at very close distances and over wide temperature and concentration regimes. (mpie.de)
  • The hydrophilic character of one of the steroid faces results from the presence of two or three hydroxyl groups, which are absent from the hydrophobic face. (rsc.org)
  • Fast drug release was also noted in spheroids embedded with hydrophobic drug when MCC was absent as drug adsorbent. (uitm.edu.my)
  • Interaction forces between OH-groups in different solvents as observed by scanning force microscopy. (mpg.de)
  • Kai Kristiansen, Philipp Stock, Theodoros Baimpos, Sangeetha Raman, Jaye K. Harada, Jacob N. Israelachvili, and Markus Valtiner, "Influence of molecular dipole orientations on long-range exponential interaction forces at hydrophobic contacts in aqueous solutions," ACS Nano 8 (10), 10870-10877 (2014). (mpie.de)
  • By virtue of its importance for self-organization of biological matter the hydrophobic force law and the range of hydrophobic interactions (HI) have been debated extensively over the last 40years. (mpie.de)
  • This was goal of the previous Drop Tower challenge called Microgravity Expulsion from Water where students were asked to use hydrophobic properties to expel the objects from water under microgravity conditions. (nasa.gov)
  • However, in microgravity , there is effectively no "weight" and the interaction between the object and the water is governed by the contact angle or wettability of the object by the water. (nasa.gov)
  • Watch the YouTube video on Ping Pong Ball On Water the response of a floating hydrophilic object to free fall, where it can be seen to dive into the water. (nasa.gov)
  • Gallo used high-speed imaging to determine that liquid-particle and particle-particle interactions significantly influenced evaporation behavior. (photonics.com)
  • Vandhana S, Deepa P R, Aparna G, Jayanthi U, Krishnakumar S. Evaluation of suitable solvents for testing the anti-proliferative activity of triclosan - a hydrophobic drug in cell culture. (who.int)
  • Evaluation of suitable solvents for testing the anti-proliferative activity of triclosan - a hydrophobic drug in cell culture. (who.int)
  • THUWAL, Saudi Arabia, Oct. 28, 2021 - Researchers from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) have introduced a framework for the evaporation behavior of liquid marbles - nonstick and hydrophobic particle-coated droplet structures. (photonics.com)
  • Further, we establish a correlation between the physical properties and electrochemical performance of the ionic liquid-modified catalysts by providing direct evidence of ionic liquids role in altering hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions within the catalyst layer interface. (datadryad.org)
  • Aerosol-cloud interactions have the potential to modify many different cloud properties. (1library.net)
  • We recently generated quantitative and direct evidence that the hydrophobic force is both long-ranged and exponential down to distances of about 1-2nm. (mpie.de)
  • Dipole orientations have a strong influence on hydrophobic interactions. (mpie.de)
  • Subsequently, BAC's hydrophobic region penetrates the hydrophobic bilayer to cause cell leakage [10,17,18]. (kenyon.edu)
  • It also contains the tripeptide sequence Arg-GlyAsp (RGD), which is known to be the receptor of cell integrins and to mediate special interactions between mammalian cells [11,12]. (scirp.org)
  • a hydrophobic drug in cell culture. (who.int)
  • Supramolecular self-assemblies based on noncovalent interactions with dynamic nature and reversible property have attracted increasing attention in the fields of biomedicine [1-7] , smart materials [8-10] , etc. (beilstein-journals.org)