Human t lymphotropic virus 1. Medical search

A strain of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1 isolated from mature T4 cells in patients with T-lymphoproliferation malignancies. It causes adult T-cell leukemia (LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, ACUTE, HTLV-I-ASSOCIATED), T-cell lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, T-CELL), and is involved in mycosis fungoides, SEZARY SYNDROME and tropical spastic paraparesis (PARAPARESIS, TROPICAL SPASTIC).

A subacute paralytic myeloneuropathy occurring endemically in tropical areas such as the Caribbean, Colombia, India, and Africa, as well as in the southwestern region of Japan; associated with infection by HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS I. Clinical manifestations include a slowly progressive spastic weakness of the legs, increased reflexes, Babinski signs, incontinence, and loss of vibratory and position sensation. On pathologic examination inflammatory, demyelination, and necrotic lesions may be found in the spinal cord. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1239)

Antibodies reactive with the HTLV-I ANTIGENS.

An island in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies. Its capital is Kingston. It was discovered in 1494 by Columbus and was a Spanish colony 1509-1655 until captured by the English. Its flourishing slave trade was abolished in the 19th century. It was a British colony 1655-1958 and a territory of the West Indies Federation 1958-62. It achieved full independence in 1962. The name is from the Arawak Xaymaca, rich in springs or land of springs. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p564 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p267)

A strain of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 2 that can transform normal T-lymphocytes and can replicate in both T- and B-cell lines. The virus is related to but distinct from HTLV-1.

Transcriptional trans-acting proteins of the promoter elements found in the long terminal repeats (LTR) of HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1 and HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 2. The tax (trans-activator x; x is undefined) proteins act by binding to enhancer elements in the LTR.

A genus in the family RETROVIRIDAE consisting of exogenous horizontally-transmitted viruses found in a few groups of mammals. Infections caused by these viruses include human B- or adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, ACUTE, HTLV-I-ASSOCIATED), and bovine leukemia (ENZOOTIC BOVINE LEUKOSIS). The type species is LEUKEMIA VIRUS, BOVINE.

Duplex DNA sequences in eukaryotic chromosomes, corresponding to the genome of a virus, that are transmitted from one cell generation to the next without causing lysis of the host. Proviruses are often associated with neoplastic cell transformation and are key features of retrovirus biology.

Infections caused by the HTLV or BLV deltaretroviruses. They include human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, ACUTE, HTLV-I-ASSOCIATED).

The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for at least three proteins which regulate the expression of HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1 and HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 2. The proteins are p21(x), p27(rex), and p40(tax). The tax (trans-activator x) and rex (regulator x) genes are part of pX but are in overlapping reading frames. X was the original designation for the sequences or region (at that time of unknown function) in the long open reading frame (lor) which is now called pX.

Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.

The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.

Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.

An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.

Antibodies reactive with various types of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma antigens or bovine leukemia virus antigens.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A strain of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 2, closely related to the human HTLV-1 virus. The clinical, hematological, and histopathological characteristics of the disease in STLV-infected monkeys are very similar to those of human adult T-cell leukemia. Subgroups include the African green monkey subtype (STLV-I-AGM), for which the nucleotide sequence is 95% homologous with that of HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1, and the Asian rhesus macaque subtype (STLV-I-MM), for which the nucleotide sequence is 90% homologous with that of HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1.

Antibodies reactive with the HTLV-II ANTIGENS.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Antigens associated with the DELTARETROVIRUS; HTLV-I ANTIGENS and HTLV-II ANTIGENS belong to this group.

A species of DELTARETROVIRUS that includes the strains SIMIAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 3 and HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 3.

Retroviral proteins that have the ability to transform cells. They can induce sarcomas, leukemias, lymphomas, and mammary carcinomas. Not all retroviral proteins are oncogenic.

Antigens associated with HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

Antigens associated with HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 2.

A French overseas department on the northeast coast of South America. Its capital is Cayenne. It was first settled by the French in 1604. Early development was hindered because of the presence of a penal colony. The name of the country and the capital are variants of Guyana, possibly from the native Indian Guarani guai (born) + ana (kin), implying a united and interrelated race of people. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p418 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p195)

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A classification of T-lymphocytes, especially into helper/inducer, suppressor/effector, and cytotoxic subsets, based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

Retroviral proteins, often glycosylated, coded by the envelope (env) gene. They are usually synthesized as protein precursors (POLYPROTEINS) and later cleaved into the final viral envelope glycoproteins by a viral protease.

Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.

A genus of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE inhabiting the African forests. They are also known as mangabeys.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

Post-transcriptional regulatory proteins required for the accumulation of mRNAs that encode the gag and env gene products in HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1 and HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 2. The rex (regulator x; x is undefined) products act by binding to elements in the LONG TERMINAL REPEAT.

The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.

A CELL LINE derived from human T-CELL LEUKEMIA and used to determine the mechanism of differential susceptibility to anti-cancer drugs and radiation.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.

Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.

The collective name for the islands of the Pacific Ocean northeast of Australia, including NEW CALEDONIA; VANUATU; New Hebrides, Solomon Islands, Admiralty Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, FIJI, etc. Melanesia (from the Greek melas, black + nesos, island) is so called from the black color of the natives who are generally considered to be descended originally from the Negroid Papuans and the Polynesians or Malays. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p748 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p344)

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Individual members of Central American ethnic groups with ancient historic ancestral origins in Asia. Mexican Indians are not included.

Proteins from the family Retroviridae. The most frequently encountered member of this family is the Rous sarcoma virus protein.

A strain of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 3 that is genetically similar to STLV-3.

An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.

Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Virus diseases caused by the RETROVIRIDAE.

Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

A species of parasitic nematode widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. The females and their larvae inhabit the mucosa of the intestinal tract, where they cause ulceration and diarrhea.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).

Proteins found in any species of virus.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A general term for diseases produced by viruses.

Nucleotide sequences repeated on both the 5' and 3' ends of a sequence under consideration. For example, the hallmarks of a transposon are that it is flanked by inverted repeats on each end and the inverted repeats are flanked by direct repeats. The Delta element of Ty retrotransposons and LTRs (long terminal repeats) are examples of this concept.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

Individual members of South American ethnic groups with historic ancestral origins in Asia.

Sensitive assay using radiolabeled ANTIGENS to detect specific ANTIBODIES in SERUM. The antigens are allowed to react with the serum and then precipitated using a special reagent such as PROTEIN A sepharose beads. The bound radiolabeled immunoprecipitate is then commonly analyzed by gel electrophoresis.

The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.

Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria.

Viruses whose nucleic acid is DNA.

Visible morphologic changes in cells infected with viruses. It includes shutdown of cellular RNA and protein synthesis, cell fusion, release of lysosomal enzymes, changes in cell membrane permeability, diffuse changes in intracellular structures, presence of viral inclusion bodies, and chromosomal aberrations. It excludes malignant transformation, which is CELL TRANSFORMATION, VIRAL. Viral cytopathogenic effects provide a valuable method for identifying and classifying the infecting viruses.

Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.

A broad category of viral proteins that play indirect roles in the biological processes and activities of viruses. Included here are proteins that either regulate the expression of viral genes or are involved in modifying host cell functions. Many of the proteins in this category serve multiple functions.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for the viral envelope (env) proteins in retroviruses. The env genes contain a cis-acting RNA target sequence for the rev protein (= GENE PRODUCTS, REV), termed the rev-responsive element (RRE).

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.

The type species of MORBILLIVIRUS and the cause of the highly infectious human disease MEASLES, which affects mostly children.

Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. The products are usually synthesized as protein precursors or POLYPROTEINS, which are then cleaved by viral proteases to yield the final products. Many of the final products are associated with the nucleoprotein core of the virion. gag is short for group-specific antigen.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS with the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1. The H1N1 subtype was responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumor. It occurs spontaneously or through interaction with viruses, oncogenes, radiation, or drugs/chemicals.

Skin diseases caused by viruses.

Proteins encoded by the ENV GENE of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.

The type species of LYSSAVIRUS causing rabies in humans and other animals. Transmission is mostly by animal bites through saliva. The virus is neurotropic multiplying in neurons and myotubes of vertebrates.

DNA sequences that form the coding region for retroviral enzymes including reverse transcriptase, protease, and endonuclease/integrase. "pol" is short for polymerase, the enzyme class of reverse transcriptase.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1. The H5N1 subtype, frequently referred to as the bird flu virus, is endemic in wild birds and very contagious among both domestic (POULTRY) and wild birds. It does not usually infect humans, but some cases have been reported.

An island republic of the West Indies. Its capital is Roseau. It was discovered in 1493 by Columbus and held at different times by the French and the British in the 18th century. A member of the West Indies Federation, it achieved internal self-government in 1967 but became independent in 1978. It was named by Columbus who discovered it on Sunday, Domingo in Spanish, from the Latin Dominica dies, the Lord's Day. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p338 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p151)

Classes of retroviruses for which monkeys or apes are hosts. Those isolated from the West African green monkey and the Asian rhesus macaque monkey are of particular interest because of their similarities to viruses causing cancer and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans.

A genus of Old World monkeys of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE, family CERCOPITHECIDAE, that inhabits the mountainous regions of Ethiopia. The genus consists of only one species, Theropithecus gelada.

Gene expression profiles in HTLV-I-immortalized T cells: deregulated expression of genes involved in apoptosis regulation. (1/1876)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia, an acute and often fatal T-cell malignancy. A key step in HTLV-I-induced leukemigenesis is induction of abnormal T-cell growth and survival. Unlike antigen-stimulated T cells, which cease proliferation after a finite number of cell division, HTLV-I-infected T cells proliferate indefinitely (immortalized), thus facilitating occurrence of secondary genetic changes leading to malignant transformation. To explore the molecular basis of HTLV-I-induced abnormal T-cell survival, we compared the gene expression profiles of normal and HTLV-I-immortalized T cells using 'gene array'. These studies revealed a strikingly altered expression pattern of a large number of genes along with HTLV-I-mediated T-cell immortalization. Interestingly, many of these deregulated genes are involved in the control of programmed cell death or apoptosis. These findings indicate that disruption of the cellular apoptosis-regulatory network may play a role in the HTLV-I-mediated oncogenesis. (+info)

Stabilization from autoproteolysis and kinetic characterization of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 proteinase. (2/1876)

We have developed a system for expression and purification of wild-type human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proteinase to attain sufficient quantities for structural, kinetic, and biophysical investigations. However, similar to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteinase, HTLV-1 proteinase also undergoes autoproteolysis rapidly upon renaturation to produce two products. The site of this autoproteolytic cleavage was mapped, and a resistant HTLV-1 proteinase construct (L40I) as well as another construct, wherein the two cysteine residues were exchanged to alanines, were expressed and purified. Oligopeptide substrates representing the naturally occurring cleavage sites in HTLV-1 were good substrates of the HTLV-1 proteinase. The kinetic parameters kcat and Km were nearly identical for all the three enzymes. Although three of four peptides representing HTLV-1 proteinase cleavage sites were fairly good substrates of HIV-1 proteinase, only two of nine peptides representing HIV-1 proteinase cleavage sites were hydrolyzed by the HTLV-1 proteinase, suggesting substantial differences in the specificity of the two enzymes. The large difference in the specificity of the two enzymes was also demonstrated by inhibition studies. Of the several inhibitors of HIV-1 or other retroviral proteinases that were tested on HTLV-1 proteinase, only two inhibit the enzyme with a Ki lower than 100 nM. (+info)

Binding of c-Rel to STAT5 target sequences in HTLV-I-transformed T cells. (3/1876)

The type I human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) induces abnormal growth and subsequent transformation of T cells, which is associated with the development of an acute T-cell malignancy termed adult T-cell leukemia. A characteristic of HTLV-I-transformed T cells is the constitutive nuclear expression of NF-kappaB/Rel family of transcription factors, which appears to be essential for the growth of these transformed cells. Although NF-kappaB/Rel factors are known to induce the expression of T-cell growth factor interleukin (IL)-2, it is unclear how they participate in the IL-2-independent growth of HTLV-I-transformed cells. In this study, we show that certain NF-kappaB/Rel members, predominantly c-Rel, interact with enhancer sequences for STAT5, a key transcription factor mediating IL-2-induced T-cell proliferation. Reporter gene assays reveal that the binding of c-Rel to the STAT5 site present in the Fc gammaR1 gene leads to potent transactivation of this enhancer. Binding of c-Rel to the Fc gammaR1 STAT site also occurs in human peripheral blood T cells immortalized with HTLV-I in vitro and is correlated with enhanced levels of proliferation of these cells. These results raise the possibility that NF-kappaB/Rel may participate in the growth control of HTLV-I-transformed T cells by regulating genes driven by both kappaB and certain STAT enhancers. (+info)

Two types of HTLV-1 particles are released from MT-2 cells. (4/1876)

The MT-2 cell line transformed by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) contains one complete provirus and seven defective proviruses. Four defective genomes have an identical structure (LTR-MA-deltaCA-pX-LTR) with an open reading frame that spans from MA to pX, giving rise to a 3.4-kb (24S) RNA transcript encoding a chimeric Gag-pX protein, p28. MT-2 cells release two distinct types of virions. The major "classic" type of particle has a buoyant density of 1.155-1.16 g/cm3 and contains the standard HTLV-I structural proteins and reverse transcriptase (RT). In addition, about 5% of particles are "light," approximately 1.12 g/cm3, and contain p28, RT activity, and the 3.4-kb RNA transcript. RT-PCR and in vitro translation indicate that some of the classic HTLV-1 particles package 3.4-kb RNA as well as full-length 8.5-kb RNA. In addition to matrix features, the p28 protein has a motif resembling a zinc finger at the C-terminal, pX0 region, which may play a role in the assembly of the defective light virions. (+info)

The human T cell leukemia virus type I-tax gene is responsible for the development of both inflammatory polyarthropathy resembling rheumatoid arthritis and noninflammatory ankylotic arthropathy in transgenic mice. (5/1876)

We previously reported that inflammatory arthropathy resembling rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develops among transgenic mice carrying the long terminal repeat (LTR)-env-pX-LTR region of human T cell leukemia virus type I (LTR-pX-Tg mice). Because four genes are encoded in this region, we produced transgenic mice that only express the tax gene to examine its role in the development of arthritis. Transgenic mice were produced by constructing DNAs that express the tax gene alone under the control of either its own LTR or CD4 enhancer/promoter and by microinjecting them into C3H/HeN-fertilized ova. We produced seven transgenic mice carrying the LTR-tax gene and nine mice carrying the CD4-tax and found that one of the LTR-tax-Tg mice and five of CD4-tax-Tg mice developed RA-like inflammatory arthropathy similar to LTR-pX-Tg mice, indicating that the tax gene is arthritogenic. On the other hand, the other two LTR-tax-Tg mice had ankylotic changes caused by new bone formation without inflammation. In these ankylotic mice, tax mRNA, inflammatory cytokine mRNA, and autoantibody levels except for TGF-beta1 level were lower than those in LTR-pX- or CD4-tax-Tg mice. These results show that Tax is responsible for the development of inflammatory arthropathy resembling RA and that this protein also causes ankylotic arthropathy. (+info)

Interaction of Gli2 with CREB protein on DNA elements in the long terminal repeat of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 is responsible for transcriptional activation by tax protein. (6/1876)

The long terminal repeat (LTR) of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has two distinct DNA elements, one copy of TRE2S and three copies of a 21-bp sequence that respond to the viral trans-activator protein, Tax. Either multiple copies of the 21-bp sequence or a combination of one copy each of TRE2S and 21-bp sequence is required for efficient trans activation by Tax. In the trans activation of multiple copies of 21-bp sequence, CREB/ATF protein plays an essential role in forming a complex with Tax. To understand the role of TRE2S in trans activation of one copy of 21-bp sequence, we examined protein binding to the DNA elements by DNA affinity precipitation assay including Gli2 protein binding to TRE2S and CREB protein binding to 21-bp sequence. Binding of CREB to a DNA probe containing both elements, TRE2S-21bp probe, was dependent on Gli2 protein under restricted conditions and was enhanced in a dose-dependent fashion by the binding of Gli2 protein to the same probe. Mutation in either element abolished the efficient binding of CREB. A glutathione S-transferase fusion protein of a fragment of Gli2 was able to bind to CREB. Therefore, Gli2-CREB interaction on the DNA probe is proposed to stabilize CREB binding to DNA. Tax can bind to CREB protein on the DNA; therefore, stabilization of DNA binding of CREB results in more recruitment of Tax onto DNA. Conversely, Tax increased the DNA binding of CREB, although it had almost no effect on the binding of Gli2. These results suggest that Gli2 binds to the DNA element and interacts with CREB, resulting in more recruitment of Tax, which in turn stabilizes DNA binding of CREB. Similar cooperation of the protein binding to TRE2S-21bp probe was also observed in nuclear extract of an HTLV-1-infected T-cell line. Consistent with the Gli2-CREB interaction on the DNA elements, Tax-mediated trans activation was dependent on the size of the spacer between TRE2S and 21-bp sequence. The effective sizes of the spacer suggest that TRE2S in the LTR would cooperate with the second and third copies of the 21-bp sequence and contribute to trans activation of the viral gene transcription. (+info)

Human T-cell leukemia retrovirus-Tax protein is a repressor of nuclear receptor signaling. (7/1876)

The Tax oncoprotein promotes cellular transformation and is associated with the pathogenesis of adult T-cell leukemia. Tax expression activates transcription via the cAMP enhancer binding protein/activating transcription factor (CREB/ATF) and NF-kappaB pathways. In contrast to its positive action, here we demonstrate that Tax is a potent repressor of steroid and retinoid receptor transcription. The Tax protein becomes localized in the promyelocytic (PML) oncogenic domain, and unexpectedly, expression of the PML protein reverses Tax-induced repression. These results suggest that PML and Tax may act in opposing manners to influence nuclear receptor transcription and human T-cell leukemia retrovirus pathogenesis. (+info)

Constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in primary adult T-cell leukemia cells. (8/1876)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is an etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The viral protein Tax induces the activation and nuclear translocalization of transcription factor NF-kappaB, which is proposed to play a crucial role in the transformation of T cells by HTLV-I. However, the HTLV-I genes including Tax are not expressed significantly in primary leukemic cells from ATL patients. In this study, we examined the basis for NF-kappaB activation in freshly isolated leukemic cells from ATL patients. We found that leukemic cells from ATL patients, like HTLV-I-infected T-cell lines, display constitutive NF-kappaB DNA binding activity and increased degradation of IkappaBalpha (an inhibitor of NF-kappaB). Whereas the NF-kappaB binding activity in Tax-expressing T-cell lines consisted mostly of p50/c-Rel, fresh ATL samples contained p50/p50 and p50/p65 heterodimers. One T-cell line derived from ATL leukemic cells, TL-Om1, displayed constitutive NF-kappaB activity, as well as enhanced degradation of IkappaBalpha, despite the lack of detectable Tax expression. Interestingly, the NF-kappaB in TL-Om1 consists of p50/p50 and p50/p65 like that in fresh primary leukemic cells. Our results suggest that activation of NF-kappaB occurs through a Tax-independent mechanism in leukemic cells of ATL patients, possibly due to differential NF-kappaB subunit activation. (+info)

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 or human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I), also called the adult T-cell lymphoma virus type ... 2005). "Differences in viral and host genetic risk factors for development of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)- ... Verdonck, K, González, E, Dooren, SV, Vandamme, AM, Vanham, G, Gotuzzo, E (2007). "Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Human T-lymphotropic virus 1. International Retrovirology Association Human+T- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_T-lymphotropic_virus_1

Simian-T-lymphotropic viruses, also Simian T-cell leukemia viruses (STLVs), are retroviruses closely related to the human ... "Simian T-cell lymphotropic virus 5". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 486178. "Simian T-cell lymphotropic virus 6". NCBI Taxonomy Browser ... "Simian T-lymphotropic virus 3". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 39101. "Simian T-cell lymphotropic virus 4". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. ... Salemi M, Desmyter J, Vandamme AM (March 2000). "Tempo and mode of human and simian T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV/STLV) evolution ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simian-T-lymphotropic_virus

"Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1". www.who.int. Retrieved 11 November 2021. Paiva AM, Assone T, Haziot ME, Smid J, Fonseca LA ... September 2014). "Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses-1/2: What We Know, and What Are the Gaps in ... Eusebio-Ponce E, Candel FJ, Anguita E (August 2019). "Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and associated diseases in Latin ... Boostani R, Sadeghi R, Sabouri A, Ghabeli-Juibary A (October 2018). "Human T-lymphotropic virus type I and breastfeeding; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breastfeeding

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and HIV. Hypereosiophilia or eosinophilia may be associated with the following autoimmune diseases ... Human immunodeficiency virus infection Interstitial nephropathy Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, an immune disorder ... Eosinophil counts in human blood normally range between 100 and 500 per/μL. Maintenance of these levels results from a balance ... Beeken WL, Northwood I, Beliveau C, Baigent G, Gump D (1987). "Eosinophils of human colonic mucosa: C3b and Fc gamma receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophilia

"Human T-lymphotropic virus 2". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 11909. International Retrovirology Association Human+T-lymphotropic+virus ... A virus closely related to HTLV-I, human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-II) shares approximately 70% genomic homology (structural ... The family of Human T-lymphotropic virus (Figure 2) can be further categorized into four sub types. The figure also divides the ... "Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses (HTLV)". Medscape. Retrieved 22 February 2019. "HTLV Type I and Type II". NORD (National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_T-lymphotropic_virus_2

April 2007). "Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 7 (4 ... November 1995). "Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 in coastal natives of British Columbia: phylogenetic affinities and possible ... 2004). "Provirus load in breast milk and risk of mother-to-child transmission of Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I". The ... December 1999). "The presence of ancient human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I provirus DNA in an Andean mummy". Nature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlement_of_the_Americas

Viruses have also been linked to some forms of leukemia. For example, human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell ... Adult T-cell leukemia is caused by human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), a virus similar to HIV. Like HIV, HTLV infects CD4+ T- ... Human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I/II) are endemic in certain areas of the world.[citation needed] Clonal ... 12 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/s13045-019-0705-x. PMC 6376657. PMID 30764841. Zheng PP, Kros JM, Li J (June 2018). "Approved CAR T ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemia

Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses~treatment at eMedicine Prayson, Richard A. (2011-11-15). Neuropathology. Elsevier Health ... Blood transfusion products are screened for human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) antibodies, as a preventive measure. Some of ... Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (1988). "Licensure of screening tests for antibody to human T-lymphotropic virus type I". ... Nagamine, Yuito; Hayashi, Takeshi; Kato, Yuji; Horiuchi, Yohsuke; Tanahashi, Norio (2015). "Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type-1- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_spastic_paraparesis

Many viruses including herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) ... "Human T-lymphotropic virus, type 1, tax protein triggers microtubule reorientation in the virological synapse". J. Biol. Chem. ... As viral synapses allow the virus to spread directly from cell to cell, they also provide a means by which the virus can escape ... "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope gp120 induces a stop signal and virological synapse formation in noninfected CD4+ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_synapse

AIDS-related encephalomyelitis, caused by opportunistic Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection. Chronic ... a group of viral illnesses that can affect horses and humans; collectively termed Equine encephalitis. Experimental autoimmune ... 2015 Mar 8;12(1):46. Melania Spadaro et al. Histopathology and clinical course of MOG-antibody-associated encephalomyelitis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalomyelitis

Roucoux DF, Murphy EL (2004). "The epidemiology and disease outcomes of human T-lymphotropic virus type II". AIDS Rev. 6 (3): ... Feuer G, Green PL (September 2005). "Comparative biology of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2". ... Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) has been isolated in a small number of patients with the variant form of HCL. In the ... "Integrated human T-cell leukemia virus II genome in CD8 + T cells from a patient with "atypical" hairy cell leukemia: evidence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairy_cell_leukemia

Since 1987 Bangham has conducted research on the Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1). His contributions include the discovery ... "Human immunodeficiency virus genetic variation that can escape cytotoxic T cell recognition". Nature. 354 (6353): 453-459. ... subscription required) Bangham, Charles R. M. (1987). The cellular immune response to respiratory syncytial virus in mouse and ... HIV and murine leukaemia virus (MLV) are transmitted from cell-to-cell, starting a new field in virology. Bangham was elected a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bangham

... caused by varicella zoster virus) Chlamydia HIV Human T-lymphotropic virus Syphilis Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, can cause ... 2002). "Virus Markers Associated with Vertical Transmission of Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Jamaica". Clinical ... June 1992). "Vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Reactivity of maternal sera with ... "Maternal syphilis and vertical perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection". International Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertically_transmitted_infection

Examples include galactosemia, untreated HIV, untreated active tuberculosis, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 or II, uses illicit ... "Blocking vertical transmission of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 through breastfeeding interruption". The ... Most Important - Galactosemia An individual with T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 will have excessive amounts of T-cell ... If a mother contains this virus and is not aware of it the spread to her infant can be at an all time high of 25%. There is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breastfeeding_contraindications

Voevodin, A; Gessain, A (1997). "Common origin of human T-lymphotropic virus type-I from Iran, Kuwait, Israel, and La Réunion ... an encyclopedia of monkey and ape viruses and non-human primate models of human viral diseases. All-USSR Prize for Young ... His research focused on the oncogenic viruses, mostly of non-human primates. In 1984 he defended his D.Sc. dissertation " ... "Antibodies reacting with human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (HTLV-I) or related antigens in lymphomatous and healthy hamadryas ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Voevodin

Sawaya BE, Khalili K, Amini S (1998). "Transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) promoter in central ... 1989). "Two human genes isolated by a novel method encode DNA-binding proteins containing a common region of homology". Gene. ... YBX1+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article incorporates text from ... Horwitz EM, Maloney KA, Ley TJ (1994). "A human protein containing a "cold shock" domain binds specifically to H-DNA upstream ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_box_binding_protein_1

This includes Human T-lymphotrophic viruses (HTLVs), bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) and simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLVs). ... "The tax gene of human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 is essential for transformation of human T lymphocytes". Journal of Virology ... Tax is produced by members of the retroviral family primate T-lymphotropic virus, which are classified as Deltaretroviruses. ... "Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Inhibits Innate Antiviral Signaling via NF-κB-Dependent Induction of SOCS1". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_gene_product

A human T-lymphotropic virus antibody test, developed by Mucke's team but never marketed, served to demonstrate the first ... High proviral load of human T-lymphotropic virus type I in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome carrying HLA-A26. Leuk ... He developed an indirect immunofluorescence assay for the detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus in human ... Association of human T-cell leukemia virus and myelodysplastic syndrome in a central European population. Cancer Res. 57(21), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Mucke_(bioscientist)

It can enhance the activity of proteins for viruses that cause cancer such as human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV), ... "A human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 enhancer of Myc transforming potential stabilizes Myc-TIP60 transcriptional ... Additionally, KAT5 reacts with human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus responsible for cervical cancer. Other proteins that KAT5 ... Van Den Broeck A, Nissou D, Brambilla E, Eymin B, Gazzeri S (Feb 2012). "Activation of a Tip60/E2F1/ERCC1 network in human lung ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KAT5

Bushmeat hunters in Central Africa infected with the human T-lymphotropic virus were closely exposed to wild primates. Results ... "Emergence of unique primate T-lymphotropic viruses among central African bushmeat hunters". Proceedings of the National Academy ... Shooting an animal in a confined area (canned hunting). Stephen Corry, the director of the human rights group Survival ... Emergence of zoonotic diseases caused by transmission of highly variable retrovirus chains: Outbreaks of the Ebola virus in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poaching

... human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II compared with human immunodeficiency virus type 1". Transfusion. 34 (6): 478-83. doi: ... Criminal transmission of HIV is the intentional or reckless infection of a person with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ... Benaissa has claimed she had been told by doctors that the risk of passing on the virus was "practically zero". The HIV trial ... E.J. Bernard (22 July 2010). "Where HIV is a crime, not just a virus: a global ranking of prosecutions for HIV non-disclosure, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_transmission_of_HIV

1983: Mitsuaki Yoshida identified the molecular structure of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 responsible for adult T-cell leukemia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Foundation_for_Cancer_Research

hnRNP A1's anti-viral effect is present in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) cell culture model. hnRNP A1 ... As a result, the role of hnRNPA1 in HIV-1's life cycle is somewhat controversial. Mutations in hnRNP A1 are a cause of ... In the case of some viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), contradictory results have been reported in ... In the case of Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a positive sense RNA virus, hnRNP A1 interacts with a crucial region near the 3' end of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNRNPA1

"Differential activation of viral and cellular promoters by human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 tax and cAMP-responsive element ... CREM+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human CREM genome location and CREM ... cAMP responsive element modulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREM gene, and it belongs to the cAMP- ... Less IL-2 will be produced from T cells in humans or mice with systemic lupus erythematousus (SLE). Some studies showed that an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMP_responsive_element_modulator

Mariner JM, Lantz V, Waldmann TA, Azimi N (2001). "Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I Tax activates IL-15R alpha gene ... Mortier E, Bernard J, Plet A, Jacques Y (2004). "Natural, proteolytic release of a soluble form of human IL-15 receptor alpha- ... Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit of the interleukin 15 receptor that in humans is encoded by the IL15RA gene ... Jacob CO, Mykytyn K, Varcony T, Drabkin HA (1993). "Mapping of the interleukin 5 receptor gene to human chromosome 3 p25-p26 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_15_receptor,_alpha_subunit

... studied adult T-cell leukemia that develops in individuals infected with the retrovirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV ... "Therapy of patients with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus I-induced adult T-cell leukemia with anti-Tac, a monoclonal antibody ... "Vaccinia virus-based multivalent H5N1 avian influenza vaccines adjuvanted with IL-15 confer sterile cross-clade protection in ... "A monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) reactive with activated and functionally mature human T cells. I. Production of anti-Tac ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._Waldmann

In central Australia, Indigenous Australians have human T-lymphotropic virus 1 at a rate thousands of times higher than non- ... Allam, Lorena (24 April 2018). "'People are scared': the fight against a deadly virus no one has heard of". The Guardian. ... This prompted health and human rights activists to establish the "Close the Gap" campaign, which focused on health equality for ... "Close the Gap report - "Our Choices, Our Voices" (2019)". Australian Human Rights Commission. Retrieved 15 January 2020. Bond, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_health_in_Australia

II carboxyl-terminal domain for activated transcription of human retroviruses human T-cell lymphotropic virus I and HIV-1". J. ... 1996). "The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr transactivator: cooperation with promoter-bound activator domains and ... Wu-Baer F, Sigman D, Gaynor RB (1995). "Specific binding of RNA polymerase II to the human immunodeficiency virus trans- ... Keen NJ, Gait MJ, Karn J (1996). "Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat is an integral component of the activated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLR2I

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLR2F

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLR2B

Robert Gallo crossed the Visna sheep virus with the Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV I) in 1978 in the P4 laboratory of the U.S ... Research after Segal's theory shows that HIV is much more closely related to the simian immunodeficiency virus than to any ... other virus. Segal suggested an HIV therapy of anti-inflammatory aspirin or ultraviolet radiation of the patient's blood in ... Selvage, Douglas (1 October 2019). "Operation "Denver": The East German Ministry of State Security and the KGB's AIDS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Segal

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, she worked on antivirals for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Hsiung was the first to ... in the guinea pig led to the discovery of a lymphotropic herpesvirus and to the finding of long-term persistence of this virus ... The isolation by Hsiung of a parainfluenza virus serologically related to SV5, the DA myxovirus, from human blood and the ... she had a dramatic influence on the recognition of viruses as etiologic agents of human disease. She continued her virology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._D._Hsiung

April 1991). "Retroviral sequences related to human T-lymphotropic virus type II in patients with chronic fatigue immune ... April 1991). "Retroviral sequences related to human T-lymphotropic virus type II in patients with chronic fatigue immune ... In 1990, the researchers presented evidence they found DNA sequences very similar to a known human retrovirus in some CFS ... Altman, Lawrence K. (September 5, 1990). "Virus Found That May Be Linked To a Debilitating Fatigue Ailment". news article. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sheffield_Bell

During three years at the Gallo laboratory, Koralnik performed molecular studies on the Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I ... "A fatal case of JC virus meningitis presenting with hydrocephalus in a human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patient". ... He is one of the first physicians to study the neurologic complications caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is ... "A Controlled Study of Early Neurologic Abnormalities in Men with Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection". New ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_J._Koralnik

... working initially on Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 before switching his attention to HIV. His identification of AZT as an anti- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroaki_Mitsuya

Herpetic sycosis Herpetic whitlow HIV-associated pruritus Human monkeypox Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infection Human tanapox ... the terms human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are abbreviated to HIV and AIDS, respectively. ... Viscerotropic leishmaniasis Wheat warehouse itch Virus-related cutaneous conditions are caused by two main groups of viruses- ... Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis Impetigo contagiosa Japanese spotted fever Leptospirosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

Kaposi sarcoma virus and Merkel cell polyoma virus cause skin cancers. Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) causes T cell ... Human oncoviruses include human papilloma virus, Epstein-Barr virus or Kaposi sarcoma-associated virus. The transformed cells ... These are mainly human papilloma virus (HPV) causing cervical carcinoma, and Epstein-Barr virus causing B cell lymphomas and ... The activation of human gene MAGE-1 in tumor cells is correlated with genome-wide demethylation ". Proceedings of the National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_antigens_recognized_by_T_lymphocytes

If present with DPB, the human T-lymphotropic virus, type I, a retrovirus, modifies DPB pathogenesis by infecting T helper ... It is located on chromosome 6 in humans. A subset of MHC in humans is human leukocyte antigen (HLA), which controls the antigen ... When human cells are infected by a pathogen, some of them can present parts of the pathogen's proteins on their surfaces; this ... Inflammation interferes with the activity of bacteria and viruses, and serves to clear them from the body. In DPB, bacteria ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_panbronchiolitis

August 2014). "Digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) for the precise quantification of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 proviral loads in ... Digital PCR has been used to uncover both germline and somatic variation in gene copy number between humans and to study the ... This was achieved by diluting DNA samples from a normal human cell line with DNA from a mutant line having a homozygous ... Duewer DL, Kline MC, Romsos EL, Toman B (May 2018). "Evaluating droplet digital PCR for the quantification of human genomic DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_polymerase_chain_reaction

It has been shown effective against human immunodeficiency virus in vitro and human T-lymphotropic virus. After azanucleosides ... "5-Azacytidine can induce lethal mutagenesis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1". Journal of Virology. 83 (22): 11950-8. doi ... June 2018). "Novel activities of safe-in-human broad-spectrum antiviral agents". Antiviral Research. 154: 174-182. doi:10.1016/ ... "Development of small-molecule viral inhibitors targeting various stages of the life cycle of emerging and re-emerging viruses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azacitidine

This name is in reference to the Tax1 protein of the Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) which was used to discover Tax1BP3 ... human T-cell leukemia virus type I) binding protein 3". Banerjee M, et al. (2012). "Specificity and promiscuity in human ... Olalla L, Aledo JC, Bannenberg G, Márquez J (2001). "The C-terminus of human glutaminase L mediates association with PDZ domain ... 2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAX1BP3

Chang explained that study of the virus may assist in understanding other human cancers. "Once the virus integrates, it could ... formerly known as African green monkey lymphotropic papovavirus), which is consistent with MCV coevolving with human primates. ... In tumors, the viral DNA has broken and become integrated into human DNA within the tumor, so that the virus is no longer ... In addition, recent studies suggest that this virus may latently infect the human sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkel_cell_polyomavirus

The human T-lymphotropic virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, or human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) family of ... "Human T-lymphotropic virus 2". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 11909. "Human T-lymphotropic virus 3". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 28332. " ... "Human T-lymphotropic virus 4". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 318279. "Untyped Human T-lymphotropic virus". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. ... Human+T-lymphotropic+virus+2 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) "Human T-lymphotropic virus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_T-lymphotropic_virus

It is closely related to the human T‑lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I). BLV may integrate into the genomic DNA of B‑ ... "Humans have antibodies reactive with Bovine leukemia virus". AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 19 (12): 1105-13. doi: ... Concerns that this virus might infect humans through exposure to food products from subclinically infected animals prompted 10 ... Buehring GC, Shen HM, Jensen HM, Choi KY, Sun D, Nuovo G (May 2014). "Bovine leukemia virus DNA in human breast tissue". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_leukemia_virus

"Press Announcements - FDA approves first test to confirm the presence of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus-I/II antibodies". www. ... the first FDA-licensed supplemental test for Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus-I/II (HTLV-I/II). In October 2015, Panić announced ... "1993 Human Rights Report: Serbia/Montenegro". dosfan.lib.uic.edu. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 12 ... the FDA contended that ICN had exaggerated Virazole's effectiveness in treating other illnesses including the AIDS virus. ICN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan_Panić

... human T-lymphotropic virus, and Zika. The network is headquartered at the Institute of Human Virology at the University of ... "Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info ... The virus causes a high fever and has the same intensity as that of an acute viral infection, similar to any virus present and ... Symptoms typically don't last more than a week and people rarely die from this virus. However, the virus poses a threat if it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Virus_Network

1987), "Isolation of a T-lymphotropic virus from domestic cats with an immunodeficiency-like syndrome", Science, 235 (4790): ... However, humans cannot be infected by FIV, nor can cats be infected by HIV. FIV is transmitted primarily through deep bite ... FIV and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are sometimes mistaken for one another though the viruses differ in many ways. Although ... variations of the virus strains. "Single-strain" vaccines, i.e., vaccines that only protect against a single virus variant, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus

De Thé, G.; Bomford, R.; Kazanji, M.; Ibrahim, F. (1994). "Human T cell lymphotropic virus: Necessity for and feasibility of a ... Nipah virus vaccine Norovirus vaccine Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine SARS vaccine West Nile virus vaccine for humans Zika ... Coxsackie B virus vaccine Cytomegalovirus vaccine Chikungunya vaccine Eastern Equine encephalitis virus vaccine for humans ... "Regression of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated lymphomas in a rat model: Peptide-induced T-cell immunity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vaccine_topics

II carboxyl-terminal domain for activated transcription of human retroviruses human T-cell lymphotropic virus I and HIV-1". J. ... Agostini I, Navarro JM, Rey F, Bouhamdan M, Spire B, Vigne R, Sire J (1996). "The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr ... Wu-Baer F, Sigman D, Gaynor RB (1995). "Specific binding of RNA polymerase II to the human immunodeficiency virus trans- ... Keen NJ, Gait MJ, Karn J (1996). "Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat is an integral component of the activated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLR2C

Human immunodeficiency virus, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, mycoplasma, Herpes simplex virus, Varicella-zoster virus, Epstein- ... Flavivirus infections such as Zika virus and West Nile virus have also been associated. Viral association of transverse ... Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, Human herpesvirus 6 or enteroviruses) Evidence of multiple sclerosis (abnormalities detected on ... rather than an infectious disease where a virus or some other infectious agent caused paralysis. His suggestion was consistent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_myelitis

2021)‎. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1: technical report. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/ ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/339773?locale-attribute=fr&

2021)‎. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1: technical report. World Health Organization. https://extranet.who.int/iris/ ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/339773

Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Transfusion-Associated Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III/ Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus ... Primary human T-lymphotropic virus type III infection. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:880-3. ... blood-collection center was found to be seropositive for human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus ( ... As with previous reports that have documented the presence of the virus in a small number of persons who have no detectable ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000749.htm

HTLV-1 serological results for Indigenous adults admitted 1(st) January 2000 to 31(st) December 2010 were obtained from the ... HTLV-1 western blots were positive for 531 (33.3%) of 1595 Indigenous adults tested. Clinical associations of HTLV-1 infection ... The spectrum of HTLV-1 related diseases may vary according to the social circumstances of the affected population. ... Infections, comorbid conditions and HTLV-1 related diseases were identified using ICD-10 AM discharge morbidity codes. Relevant ...

https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01370941

... in strong contrast to the related human retrovirus HIV. However, current estimates of the HTLV-1 rate rely on the ... To obtain an independent rate estimate, we analyzed two variable regions of the HTLV-1 genome (LTR and env) from eight infected ... We also note an interesting correlation between the occurrence of mutations in HTLV-1 and the age of the individual infected. ... The evolutionary rate in HTLV-1 was then calculated using a maximum-likelihood approach that used the highest and lowest ...

https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/209537

Origin of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Rural Côte dIvoire Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer, Edgard V. Adjogoua, Chantal ... Origin of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Rural Côte dIvoire. ... human T-lymphotropic virus type1; STLV-1, simian T-lymphotropic virus type1; LTR, long terminal repeat; chimp, chimpanzee(s).. ... Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the ...

https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/5/11-1663-t1

Usefulness of a Nested-polymerase chain reaction for molecular diagnosis of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I/II. Overview ... Usefulness of a Nested-polymerase chain reaction for molecular diagnosis of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I/II ... Were also able to compare this research output to 1 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side ...

https://www.altmetric.com/details/121254511

Well go over how their replication process differs, which retroviruses affect humans, and how retrorviral infections are ... A retrovirus is a type of virus that replicates differently than traditional viruses do. ... Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types 1 and 2. HTLV1 and 2 are closely related retroviruses. ... Heres a look at the steps of the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to help illustrate how retroviruses ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-a-retrovirus

Scientific Group on Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1 Infections and Associated Diseases, Kagoshima, Japan, 13-14 ... By: Scientific Group on Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1) Infections and Associated Diseases. Meeting 1992: Kagoshima ... Details for: Scientific Group on Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1 Infections and Associated Diseases, Kagoshima, Japan ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=su%3A%7BLeukemia%7D&sort_by=relevance_dsc&count=20&limit=itype:DOCUMENT

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) may cause severe diseases such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic ... Early Juvenile Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: Study of 25 Patients. ... The patients were HTLV-1+ and were submitted to dermatological and neurological examinations. Diagnosis of HAM/TSP was ... Progressão da Doença Infecções por HTLV-I/complicações Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/isolamento & purificação Transmissão ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/saudepublica/resource/pt/mdl-29912303

Infection with Human T Lymphotropic Virus 1 is associated with bronchiectasis among Indigenous Australians. *Lloyd Einsiedel. 1 ... Infection with the Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with bronchiectasis in Indigenous Australians [1]. The ... Einsiedel, L., Fernandes, L., Spelman, T. et al. Infection with Human T Lymphotropic Virus 1 is associated with bronchiectasis ... Infection with Human T Lymphotropic Virus 1 is associated with bronchiectasis among Indigenous Australians ...

https://retrovirology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-4690-8-S1-A38

... human T-lymphotropic virus type 1; IIF, indirect immunofluorescence; ISH, in situ hybridization; KFD, Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease ... Epstein-Barr virus. Detected by ISH[19,26] and PCR[19,27] Not detected by ISH,[27,28,29] SB,[30] or PCR[31]; 50% positive ... Hepatitis B virus. None. Not detected by ISH[28] Parvovirus B19. Detected by immunohistochemical analysis in 1 case[36] Not ... Xavier Bosch, MD,1 Antonio Guilabert, MD,2 Rosa Miquel, MD,3 and Elias Campo, MD 3 Departments of 1Internal Medicine, 2 ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/481641

Kaposi sarcoma (human herpesvirus 8). *Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (human T-lymphotropic virus-1) ... National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National ... Some liver cancers (hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses). * ... Burkitt lymphoma (Epstein-Barr virus). *Cervical cancer (human ... Types of tumors known to be caused by or linked with viruses are:. * ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001310.htm

Human T-lymphotropic virus type-1. Acute T-cell leukemia. Screen blood, prevent breastfeeding by affected mothers. ... HIV and human herpes virus 8. Kaposi sarcoma. NonHodgkin lymphoma. Safe sexual practices, reduce exposure to contaminated blood ... Human papillomaviruses (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 66). Cervical. Vulva and vagina. Penile. Anus. Oral ... Hepatitis viruses (B and C). Liver. Vaccination (Hep B), reduce exposure to contaminated blood. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/720753_4

antigenshuman T-cell lymphotropic virus (typ 1)immunoassayimmunodominant antigensvirus assay. ISSN. 0951-208X. Publisher. ... Rapid immunoassay to detect antibodies against human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) by the recombinant ... Rapid immunoassay to detect antibodies against human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) by the recombinant ... 1. Journal Articles > Journal Articles. Files in This Item:. *. There are no files associated with this item. ...

https://oak.kribb.re.kr/handle/201005/5428

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 infection in an Indigenous Australian population: epidemiological insights from a hospital- ... Dive into the research topics of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 infection in an Indigenous Australian population: ...

https://researchnow.flinders.edu.au/en/publications/human-t-lymphotropic-virus-type-1-infection-in-an-indigenous-aust/fingerprints/

Blood was screened for antibodies to HIV; human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2; hepatitis A, B, and C; cytomegalovirus ... the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with a CD4 count of less than 240, or prolonged use of ... Development and application of the human intestinal tract chip, a phylogenetic microarray: analysis of universally conserved ... Changes in the composition of the human fecal microbiome after bacteriotherapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated ...

https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1205037

Classification system for human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus infections. MMWR 1986;35:334-9. ... Primary human T-lymphotropic virus type III infection. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:880-3. * Tindall B, Cooper DA. Primary HIV ... Impact of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on mortality trends in young men, United States. Am J Public Health 1990;80 ... Prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus in children and adolescents. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989;8:216-20. * Goedert JJ, Biggar ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0018871/m0018871.asp

HHV-6 is a lymphotropic virus that grows in PBMC. It is widespread in the normal population; ,80% of the general population in ... VAHS has been associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), adenovirus, and Herpes simplex virus (HSV), as ... Huang LM, Lee CY, Lin KH, Chuu WM, Lee PI, Chen RL, Human herpesvirus-6 associated with fatal haemophagocytic syndrome [letter] ... Yamanishi K, Okuno T, Shirake K, Takahashi M, Kondo T, Asano Y, Identification of human herpesvirus-6 as a causal agent for ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/1/01-0149_article

Human T-lymphotropic viruses HTLV-I and HTLV-II. West Nile virus. Syphilis. Antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that ... Hepatitis B and C viruses. Human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2. ... The Zika virus stays in the blood for five to seven days and can remain in urine for up to 20 days. But it"s unknown how long ... Early FDA approval sought for Zika virus blood… Share this:. *Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) ...

https://www.times-standard.com/2016/03/06/early-fda-approval-sought-for-zika-virus-blood-tests/

241000713800 Feline immunodeficiency virus Species 0.000 description 2 * 241000714260 Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 Species ... 239000002259 anti human immunodeficiency virus agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11 * 239000003814 drug Substances ... 201000001820 human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims 1 * 230000000069 prophylaxis Effects 0.000 ... 241000713772 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Species 0.000 description 1 * 241000713340 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Species ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/EP1874117B1/en

Prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/-2) infection in pregnant women in.... September 23, 2021. ...

https://www.aidstar-one.com/tag/loding-buffer/

Human T-lymphotropic viruses HTLV-I and HTLV-II. West Nile virus. Syphilis. Antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that ... Hepatitis B and C viruses. Human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2. ... The virus is suspected to cause microcephaly in newborn children. There is no treatment or vaccine for the mosquito-borne virus ... Busch said there are diagnostic tests for the virus and for antibodies to the virus, but those tests are not sensitive enough ...

https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2016/03/06/early-fda-approval-sought-for-zika-virus-blood-tests/

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Types I and II (HTLV). HTLV-I and HTLV-II antibody (anti-HTLV-I and anti-HTLV-II) detection. ... Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Types 1 and 2. HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody (anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2) detection. Nucleic acid ... Hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) detection. Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for HCV. ... They oversee two types of blood collection activities: (1) the collection of the cellular elements and plasma from whole blood ...

https://www.hemophiliafed.org/dear-addy-nations-blood-supply/

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1)-induced ATLL, significant pruritus may be ... 39] herpes simplex virus (HSV) scars, or zoster scars. Plasma cell leukemia cutis has been reported to occur in recent puncture ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1097702-clinical

Bronchoalveolar lymphocytosis in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus ... Human Mammomonogamus infection]. Magnaval JF, Magdeleine J. Magnaval JF, et al. Among authors: magdeleine j. Med Trop (Mars). ... Parasitic pulmonary disease: human bronchial syngamosis. Mornex JF, Magdeleine J. Mornex JF, et al. Among authors: magdeleine j ... Human Syngamus (Mammonogonus nasicola) infestation as a cause of chronic cough in Martinique. 37 cases (authors transl)]. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Magdeleine+J&cauthor_id=6451135

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 Medicine & Life Sciences 100% * Tropical Spastic Paraparesis Medicine & Life Sciences 93% ... Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiologic agent of both adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-I-associated ... abstract = "Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiologic agent of both adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-I- ... N2 - Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiologic agent of both adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-I- ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/human-t-cell-leukemia-virus-type-i-tax-induces-the-expression-of-

Human T-lymphotropic Virus-1 (HTLV-1) was negative. Arthritis and MMR-3 were negative. ... First, while many articles have reported that DRESS might be associated with human herpes virus (HHV-6), Epstein-Barr virus ( ... Association of human herpesvirus 6 reactivation with the flaring and severity of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Br J ... Antibody titres against Human Parvovirus B19 (HPV/B19) IgM was not increased (0.30: upper range is 0.8). ...

https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-015-1486-0

... human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV; anti-HTLV I/II), syphilis, and parvovirus B19 (DNA PCR) infection were acquired from the ... hepatitis B virus (HBV; HBsAg and anti-HBc), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; anti-HIV-1/2 and HIV-1 p24 Ag), ... Hepatitis C virus variants from Jakarta, Indonesia classifiable into novel genotypes in the second (2e and 2f), tenth (10a) and ... ABSTRACT To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of assays used to screen blood for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) ...

http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-14-2008/volume-14-issue-2/development-of-the-international-consortium-for-blood-safety-icbs-hcv-panels.html

REVISED HIV CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS The etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a retrovirus designated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
Risk factors for HL include immunodeficiency and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exposure. (medscape.com)
HTLV-III is also known as lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), AIDS related virus (ARV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (justia.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus is a non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. (loinc.org)
During the manufacturing process, each cord blood sample is tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1/2), hepatitis B and C, human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1/2), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1/2), cytomegalovirus and syphilis, characterised by blood group and rhesus-factor, nucleated and CD34-positive cell count and sterility. (cryocenter.ru)
Title : Agent summary statement for human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) including HTLV-III, LAV, HIV-1, and HIV-2 Corporate Authors(s) : Centers for Disease Control (U.S.);National Institutes of Health (U.S. (cdc.gov)
In this combined immunodeficiency (SCID) cancer is low in these species (as it chapter, some aspects of this issue mice, in which the human target is in humans), which renders cancer are discussed. (who.int)
5. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T cell lymphotropic viruses among leprosy patients and contacts: correlation between HIV-1 cross-reactivity and antibodies to lipoarabinomannan. (brandnewtube.com)
1. AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 2. (cdc.gov)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and during the birth process or via human milk (vertical transmission). (medscape.com)
Electron microscopy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 virions. (medscape.com)

1-associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis. (cdc.gov)
Early Juvenile Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: Study of 25 Patients. (bvsalud.org)
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 ( HTLV-1 ) may cause severe diseases such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH). (bvsalud.org)
Bronchoalveolar lymphocytosis in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). (nih.gov)
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiologic agent of both adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). (elsevier.com)
HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM), or tropical spastic paraparesis, is caused by a retrovirus, the human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV). (samj.org.za)
Here, he began working with patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), also known as HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM), before establishing a research programme in HTLV-1. (imperial.ac.uk)
Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is linked to adult T cell leukemia as well as to HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. (elsevier.com)
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes two diseases including Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL cancer) and HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP, a neurodegenerative disease) after a long latency period as an asymptomatic carrier (AC). (biomedcentral.com)
The HTLV-1 infection may cause developing two major diseases including Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL cancer) and Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM) after elapsing an asymptomatic carrier (AC) state. (biomedcentral.com)
Background Human T-lymphotropic virus 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system that significantly affected spinal cord, nevertheless, the pathogenesis pathway and reliable biomarkers have not been well determined. (helsinki.fi)
The main diseases associated with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 are adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis. (bvsalud.org)
Some authors believe it is possible for some patients with tropical spastic paraparesis to also present virus-related Sjögren's syndrome. (bvsalud.org)

In November 1985, a blood donor at a Colorado blood-collection center was found to be seropositive for human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV)* antibody by both the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot methods. (cdc.gov)
Serum antibody tests for CMV and HSV were negative, but a serum antibody test for EBV was positive (1:640) on day 2 after admission. (cdc.gov)
Serum antibody tests for HHV-6 were positive (1:80 on day 7 and 1:280 on day 30 after admission), suggesting that this was a case of HHV-6 reactivation. (cdc.gov)
ABSTRACT To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of assays used to screen blood for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the International Consortium for Blood Safety (ICBS) established fully characterized ICBS panels. (who.int)
CDC guidelines recommend testing for HIV infection with a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antigen/antibody immunoassay that detects HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and the HIV-1 p24 antigen, with supplemental testing after a reactive assay result to differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. (medscape.com)

Clinical associations of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 infection in an indigenous Australian population. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
We report the clinical associations of HTLV-1 infection among socially disadvantaged Indigenous adults in central Australia. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
HTLV-1 infection contributes to morbidity among socially disadvantaged Indigenous adults in central Australia. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Western blots confirmed HTLV-1 infection in 52 (58.4%) cases and were indeterminate for 3 patients. (biomedcentral.com)
In an Indigenous Australian cohort HTLV-1 infection is associated with bronchiectasis and an increased risk of pulmonary hypertension and death. (biomedcentral.com)
This HTLV-1 rapid assay was easy to perform and required no special equipment which provided visual result within 5 min with an excellent sensitivity and specificity in detecting HTLV-1 infection. (kribb.re.kr)
1-3 An effective treatment against recurrent C. difficile infection is not available. (nejm.org)
The CD4+ T-lymphocyte is the primary target for HIV infection because of the affinity of the virus for the CD4 surface marker (3). (cdc.gov)
Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome is a fulminant disorder associated with systemic viral infection and characterized pathologically by multiple-organ infiltration of hemophagocytic histiocytes into the lymphoreticular tissues. (cdc.gov)
There have been several reports of VAHS in children caused by Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection. (cdc.gov)
Prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/-2) infection in pregnant women in. (aidstar-one.com)
Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global health problem, with an estimated 170 million chronically infected persons worldwide. (who.int)
Persons with persistent HCV infection are at high risk for development of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [1,2]. (who.int)
For example, an infection with the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can cause adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATLL). (medicalnewstoday.com)
1] Although direct HIV infection of astrocytes and neurons is reported in the brain and dorsal root ganglia, it is not a major feature in VM. (medscape.com)
CSF analysis can exclude infection with cytomegalovirus(CMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and HTLV-1 and 2. (medscape.com)
Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection in neurological patients in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. (fiocruz.br)
Co-infections of HIV and HTLV-1 have been described 4 , 5 and in South Africa a high prevalence of HAM has been found in KwaZulu-Natal, 5 with up to 36% of patients showing HIV co-infection. (samj.org.za)
Nine patients with inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies (IDP) were found to have human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection. (qxmd.com)
Interpretation In the state of S~ao Paulo, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 seem to circulate in male patients with systemic mycoses, and since HTLV-1 could impact fungal disease severity, the identification of co-infection is important regardless of prevalence. (bvs.br)
Human infection is acquired by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes by infective filariform larvae, either from autoinfection or from contact with infected soil or other material contaminated with human feces (fecal-oral route) (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)
A 3'UTR SNP in NLRP3 gene is associated with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. (cdc.gov)
Polymorphisms in inflammasome' genes and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. (cdc.gov)
NLRP3 polymorphism is associated with protection against human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infection. (cdc.gov)
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Nucleotide-Binding Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein 1 with Clostridioides difficile Colonization or Infection. (cdc.gov)
Infection and drug resistance 2023 1 16 413-421. (cdc.gov)
sexual transmission is also an important infection route in Given the importance of virus transmission through blood Brazil5. (bvsalud.org)
Vertical transmission is a relevant concern in Brazil, as the blotting (WB) and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women ranges from as a confirmatory step. (bvsalud.org)
A recent study evaluated the performance of commercially available serological screening tests for HTLV-1 infection in Brazil, i.e. (bvsalud.org)
HTLV-1 situation is poorly documented in New Caledonia and the molecular epidemiology of HTLV-1 infection remains unknown. (pasteur.fr)
HIV disease is caused by infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses in the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus. (medscape.com)
If supplemental testing for HIV-1/HIV-2 antibodies shows nonreactive or indeterminant results (or if acute HIV infection or recent exposure is suspected or reported), an HIV-1 nucleic acid test is recommended to differentiate acute HIV-1 infection from a false-positive test result. (medscape.com)
1 false-positive result per 100 people diagnosed with HIV infection). (medscape.com)

This is the first report of a previously healthy adult in whom Human herpesvirus 6 reactivation induced this syndrome with severe hemodynamic and respiratory distress. (cdc.gov)
Changes in leukocyte count (solid circles), platelet count (solid squares), and serum antibodies tests for Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) after admission. (cdc.gov)
Immunofluorescence micrograph of peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with Human herpesvirus 6B isolated on day 5 after admission. (cdc.gov)

To ensure a true negative result, PCR detection of hepatitis B virus genome was used as internal control. (who.int)
For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

A rapid immunochromatographic assay, using the recombinant immunodominant antigens of HTLV-1, has been developed to detect circulating antibodies to HTLV-1. (kribb.re.kr)
Busch said there are diagnostic tests for the virus and for antibodies to the virus, but those tests are not sensitive enough for blood screening. (eastbaytimes.com)
Clinical data have shown adenoviruses' ability to transduce tumors after systemic delivery in human cancer patients, despite antibodies. (helsinki.fi)
Ad5/3 binding with human lymphocytes and erythrocytes was observed to occur in a reversible manner, which allowed viral transduction of tumors, and oncolytic potency of Ad5/3 in vitro and in vivo,with or without neutralizing antibodies. (helsinki.fi)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j. for HTLV-1/-2 antibodies in serum samples sent to the Instituto Adolfo Lutz, S~ao Paulo, Brazil, for systemic mycosis lana.2022.100339 diagnosis. (bvs.br)
HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) in It is highly important to implement an accurate and cost- the blood and/or CSF is also useful in establishing diagnosis effective strategy for laboratory diagnosis and systematically and, when combined with other tests, such as evaluation of evaluate the performance of both screening assays and intrathecal synthesis of HTLV-1 specific antibodies, may also aid confirmatory testing. (bvsalud.org)
Plasma from 262 men and 238 females (age range: 60-96 years old, mean age: 70.5) were screened for anti-HTLV-1 antibodies by particle agglutination (PA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). (pasteur.fr)

2022;15: 100339 between HTLV-1 and severe PCM and HP has been observed in Peru. (bvs.br)

Retroviruses are a type of virus in the viral family called Retroviridae . (healthline.com)
There are many technical differences between viruses and retroviruses. (healthline.com)
The key steps that differentiate retroviruses from viruses are reverse transcription and genome integration. (healthline.com)
Which retroviruses can affect humans? (healthline.com)
Human T-cell leukemia-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) refers to a family of T cell tropic retroviruses. (justia.com)
The human T-lymphotropic viruses represent a group of retroviruses that possess tropism for T lymphocytes and are transmitted parenterally, vertically and sexually. (bvsalud.org)

Virus Type 1 in circulating among local nonhuman primate prey ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1) strains compared with central Africa, human infections with occasionally infect humans. (cdc.gov)
T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infections in rural Côte d'Ivoire, direct zoonotic transmissions in a rural region of Côte where primate hunting is common. (cdc.gov)
online Technical Appendix, wwwnc.cdc.gov/ strains and simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1) EID/pdfs/11-1663-Techapp.pdf). (cdc.gov)
In resource-poor areas, infectious diseases may be important causes of morbidity among individuals infected with the Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1). (archives-ouvertes.fr)
The low evolutionary rate of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 confirmed by analysis of vertical transmission chains. (ox.ac.uk)
The evolutionary rate of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is considered to be very low, in strong contrast to the related human retrovirus HIV. (ox.ac.uk)
Mise en évidence de structures de type "biofilm ", formées par le rétrovirus HTLV-1 générés par des cellules infectées (cellules du haut), qui ont été transmis à un autre lymphocyte (cellule du bas). (pasteur.fr)
Together with their simian T-cell lymphotropic virus (STLV) equivalent, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), HTLV-2, and HTLV-3 form the primate T-cell lymphotropic virus (PTLV) group. (pasteur.fr)
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a type C retrovirus endemic to tropical areas. (samj.org.za)
The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 tax protein inhibits nonsense-mediated mRNA decay by interacting with INT6/EIF3E and UPF1. (ens-lyon.fr)
Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). (loinc.org)
A type 1 excludes note is a pure excludes. (icd10data.com)
A type 1 excludes note is for used for when two conditions cannot occur together, such as a congenital form versus an acquired form of the same condition. (icd10data.com)
7 8 S. stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome may be seen in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 or HIV/AIDS, patients suffering from malignant neoplasm, individuals with alcohol abuse, transplant patients and in patients treated with corticosteroids. (bmj.com)
Type 1 has been most frequently associated with disease in infected individuals. (bvsalud.org)
It is estimated that 15 to 20 million people are affected by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. (bvsalud.org)
The second type of life cycle allows noninfective new larvae to molt in the human host into infective filariform larvae. (medscape.com)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic among people of Melanesian descent in Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, and in Indigenous populations from Central Australia. (pasteur.fr)
The Relative Distribution of T Cell Subsets is Altered in Jamaican Children Infected with Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I. The Journal of Infectious Diseases , 172 , 67 - 69. (rti.org)

To obtain an independent rate estimate, we analyzed two variable regions of the HTLV-1 genome (LTR and env) from eight infected families. (ox.ac.uk)
Once its DNA has been inserted to the host cell's genome, the virus uses the host cell's machinery to produce new viral components, such as viral RNA and viral proteins. (healthline.com)
Inhibition of HTLV-III by adminstration of an oligonucleotide complementary to highly conserved regions of the HTLV-III genome necessary for HTLV-III replication and/or gene expression is described, as are oligodeoxynucleotide sequences which are complementary to those regions, methods of inhibiting HTLV-III replication and gene expression and methods of determining the presence or absence of HTLV-III virus in samples such as blood, saliva, urine and tears. (justia.com)
Two oncogenic proteins named as the HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper protein (HBZ) and the transactivator protein (Tax) are frequently expressed by the HTLV-1 genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Primers were designed from highly common conserved regions of the major HTLV-1 subtypes to characterize the entire HTLV-1 proviral genome. (pasteur.fr)
The DNA sample from 1 New Caledonian woman (NCP201) was found positive by PCR and the complete HTLV-1 proviral genome (9,033-bp) was obtained. (pasteur.fr)
The examinations were performed at the Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM) in Bamako with the screening of the genome of viruses responsible for Dengue, Rift Valley fever, and Zika using the real-time RT-PCR technique. (bvsalud.org)

Scientific reports 2019 Jun 9 (1): 9171. (cdc.gov)

However, the frequency of such viruses closely related to local STLV-1 strains are much infections is unknown. (cdc.gov)
Infections, comorbid conditions and HTLV-1 related diseases were identified using ICD-10 AM discharge morbidity codes. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
VAHS has been associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), adenovirus, and Herpes simplex virus (HSV), as well as with a variety of nonviral infections ( 1 ) . (cdc.gov)
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that blood donations up to 13 million units of the global blood supply, mainly in low or medium Human Development Index countries, are not screened for all relevant transfusion-transmissible infections [3]. (who.int)
O'Brien SF, Dines IR, Goldman M, Scalia V, Yi Q, Fan W, Fearon M. Impact of testing the blood supply for Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) on recipient infections. (blood.ca)
A parasitic male exists, but it is found only in experimentally infected dogs and has no role in human infections. (medscape.com)

A strain of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1 isolated from mature T4 cells in patients with T-lymphoproliferation malignancies. (bvsalud.org)
For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)
However, except non-primate species often do not mour viruses is often problematic, for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which accurately reflect the mechanism of Part 1 · Chapter 9. (who.int)

for reactivity to HTLV-1/2 antigens ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
Three main factors determine the efficiency of anti-HCV diagnostics: 1) target antigens used in the assay design, 2) professional skill of the technician performing the assay, and 3) laboratory environment. (who.int)

human-to-human spread of virus (evolutionary rates for Edgard V. Adjogoua, Chantal Akoua-Koffi , HTLV-1/STLV-1 are very slow) ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Of those 6 subtypes, 5 are STLV-1 sequences by using a tax -specifi c quantitative mainly found in or endemic to central Africa: HTLV-1B, PCR ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)

Disease associations, admission rates and risk factors for death were compared according to HTLV-1 serostatus. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
The present study defines the clinical presentation and outcomes of bronchiectasis according to HTLV-1 serostatus in this population. (biomedcentral.com)

In fact, current efforts to develop a broad spectrum anti-HTLV-III vaccine may be seriously compromised, in light of the variation in envelope proteins (which are the principal antigenic determinants of the virus) observed among various strains of HTLV-III. (justia.com)
The oligonucleotides can be used to block HTLV-III replication, gene expression or both and thus can be used as chemotherapeutic agents in inhibiting replication and gene expression by the virus. (justia.com)

Two patients were admitted with adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma, four with probable HTLV-1 associated myelopathy and another with infective dermatitis. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
The patients were HTLV-1 + and were submitted to dermatological and neurological examinations . (bvsalud.org)
One-hundred and twenty patients were admitted during the study period, HTLV-1 serology was performed for 92 (75.8%) patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients were identified retrospectively from a list of patients with positive HTLV-1 serology who presented to the National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) at the Steve Biko Academic Hospital, from May 2005 to June 2012. (samj.org.za)
Comment: Patients should not take antiretroviral medications for at least 1 month before initiating medications for stem cell mobilization, for the duration of the medications? (medscape.com)
The prevalence of HTLV-1/-2 in patients with sys- infected with HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.7 , 8 However, co- temic mycoses in Latin America is unknown. (bvs.br)

The only oral manifestation associated with human T-lymphotropic virus is adult T-cell lymphoma. (bvsalud.org)
The adult female worm lives in tunnels between the enterocytes in the small bowel of humans. (medscape.com)
Only adult females are found in infected humans. (medscape.com)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
At least 5-10 million transmission has been associated with adult T-cell leukemia/ individuals harbor the virus worldwide1. (bvsalud.org)

For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)

Although HTLV-1 is not a widespread virus all over the world, it is an endemic pathogen in sub-Saharan Africa, East north of Iran, the Caribbean region, Japan, and South America [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In Brazil, the virus is endemic, presenting the greatest absolute number of cases in the world and included in blood bank screening tests. (bvsalud.org)

Genomic expressions of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I). (elsevier.com)
The full-length HTLV-1 genomic sequence from a native woman from Vanuatu (EM5), obtained in the frame of our previous studies, was also characterized. (pasteur.fr)

The Epstein-Barr virus causes lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is a human, single-stranded RNA retrovirus that causes T-cell leukemia and T-cell lymphoma. (prospecbio.com)
In addition, several human T-cell lymphoma-leukaemia virus I-transformed T-cell lines were explored for their capacity to produce factor(s) able to suppress IgE synthesis in the U-266 cell line, and four out of 25 cell lines could be shown to do this in a constitutive manner. (elsevier.com)
In Brazil, between lymphoma (ATLL) development in approximately 1-5% of 800,000 and 2.5 million individuals are infected with HTLV- infected children4. (bvsalud.org)

[ 1 ] CTCL subtypes demonstrate a variety of clinical, histological, and molecular features, and can follow an indolent or a very aggressive course. (medscape.com)

Human papillomavirus is a primary cause of cervical cancer and genital warts. (biomedcentral.com)

Optimization of multiplex nested-PCR assay conditions were performed to search for the appropriate amount of degenerate primers, dNTP, Taq DNA polymerase, template of secondary PCR (2(o) PCR) and annealing temperature used in 1(o) PCR reaction. (who.int)

Recombinant full length protein corresponding to Protein Tax-1. (abcam.com)
HTLV-1 Mosaic protein is >95% pure as determined by 10% PAGE (coomassie staining) and RP-HPLC. (prospecbio.com)

A 2020 study found that HTLV-1 has specific mRNA viral genes involved in the development of ATLL from people infected with the virus. (medicalnewstoday.com)

One of the highest profile cancer prevention programs in the past few years has been vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) for young women. (medscape.com)

Studying 500 older adults Melanesian natives from New Caledonia, we aim to evaluate the HTLV-1 seroprevalence and to molecularly characterize HTLV-1 proviral strains. (pasteur.fr)

The spectrum of HTLV-1 related diseases may vary according to the social circumstances of the affected population. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Professor Graham Taylor is a Professor of Human Retrovirology at Imperial College London and is internationally recognised as a leader in the clinical research and management of HTLV-1 and its associated diseases. (imperial.ac.uk)

Retrovirology 8 (Suppl 1), A38 (2011). (biomedcentral.com)
2 Suppl 1 , p. (elsevier.com)
37 Suppl 4:1-17. (cdc.gov)

Malignant lymphomas, particularly non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), are among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in the United States [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

To develop the rapid diagnosis and typing of human lymphotropic herpesviruses by using multiplex nested-PCR, the primary PCR (1(o) PCR) primers were redesigned as degenerate primers based on a highly conserved sequences of each DNA polymerase gene of EBV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8. (who.int)

O'Brien SF, Goldman M, Scalia V, Yi QL, Fan W, Xi G, Dines IR, Fearon MA: The epidemiology of Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types I and II in Canadian Blood Donors. (blood.ca)
Brazilian populations have been performed in specific groups, restricted breastfeeding in mothers infected with HTLV-1 and such as blood donors or pregnant women, and the prevalence HTLV-2 (DAB/CAB23, 2009, BMoH). (bvsalud.org)

As the number of Zika virus cases in the U.S. grows by the week, teams of Bay Area researchers are working furiously against the clock to develop tests to detect Zika in the blood supply that about 5 million Americans rely on each year for lifesaving transfusions. (times-standard.com)
Blood bank experts say evidence that the Zika virus can be transmitted through donated blood has already surfaced in a few cases in Brazil, the epicenter of the outbreak. (times-standard.com)
Busch and others say the rapidly approaching summer - when mosquitoes flourish - is one reason why the federal government is allowing companies such as Grifols Diagnostic Solutions in Emeryville, Roche Molecular Diagnostics in Pleasanton and Hologic in San Diego to fast-track prototypes of tests for detecting the Zika virus in blood donations. (times-standard.com)
The Zika virus stays in the blood for five to seven days and can remain in urine for up to 20 days. (times-standard.com)
So until blood tests for Zika are in place, people may be donating blood without knowing they have been exposed to the virus. (times-standard.com)
The agency also advises delaying blood donations for four weeks for anyone who in the previous month had symptoms of the virus, traveled to a country where the virus is present or had sex in the past three months with someone who could have been exposed to the Zika virus in countries where the virus is spreading. (times-standard.com)
As an additional safety measure against the emerging Zika virus outbreak, the FDA has issued recommendations about blood and organ donations in the U.S., from living and deceased donors. (eastbaytimes.com)
A blood samples from pregnant women wait to be analyzed for the presence of the Zika virus, at Guatemalan Social Security maternity hospital in Guatemala City, Tuesday, Feb. 2, 2016. (eastbaytimes.com)
According to Guatemalan health authorities, the country does not have any confirmed case of pregnant women infected by Zika virus. (eastbaytimes.com)
Au Mali, le dépistage de certains virus tels que la dengue, Zika et la fièvre de la vallée du Rift n'est pas systématique au centre national de transfusion sanguine (CNTS). (bvsalud.org)
Les examens ont été réalisés au Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM) de Bamako avec le dépistage du génome des virus responsables de la Dengue, de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, et du Zika à l'aide de la technique de la RT-PCR en temps réel. (bvsalud.org)
In Mali, screening for certain viruses such as dengue, Zika, and Rift Valley fever is not systematic at the national blood transfusion center (CNTS). (bvsalud.org)

it is to be used by all states for AIDS case reporting effective January 1, 1993. (cdc.gov)

1988 Jan 23;1(8578):177. (nih.gov)
Published Date : April 1, 1988 Source : MMWR. (cdc.gov)

virus transmission is believed to occur during Appendix). (cdc.gov)
The evolutionary rate in HTLV-1 was then calculated using a maximum-likelihood approach that used the highest and lowest possible times of HTLV-1 shared ancestry, given the known transmission histories. (ox.ac.uk)
Furthermore, fears of virus transmission led to deferrals of elective surgeries and non-urgent clinical procedures with noticeable declines in blood donations and transfusions. (bvsalud.org)

We spiked frozen milk samples from 10 donors to the Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank with SARS-CoV-2 to achieve a final concentration of 1 × 10 7 TCID 50 /mL (50% of the tissue culture infectivity dose per mL). (cmaj.ca)
We included comparative controls in the study using milk samples from the same donors without addition of virus (pasteurized and unpasteurized) as well as replicates of Vero E6 cells directly inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. (cmaj.ca)
Canadian Blood Services also researches the prevalence rates of certain viruses in Canadian donors to inform policy development. (blood.ca)

These data are published in an annual report that presents prevalence rates of tested pathogens, estimated residual risks of tested viruses and highlights risk associated with known and emerging pathogens. (blood.ca)

This classification system replaces the system published by CDC in 1986 (1) and is primarily intended for use in public health practice. (cdc.gov)
From 1986-1990, it was called HIV and since 1991, the two species have been designated HIV-1 and HIV-2. (loinc.org)

Within the life span, a human is permanently at risk of getting neurological damages and traumas. (cryocenter.ru)

The aim of this research was to confirm that Holder pasteurization (62.5°C for 30 min) would be sufficient to inactivate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in donated human milk samples. (cmaj.ca)

humans are infected with HTLV-1A, the only human- restricted molecular subtype ( 6-9 ). (cdc.gov)
Over the years, understanding the biology and pathogenesis of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 has been widely improved by the creation of molecular clones. (pasteur.fr)

Transgenic mice that express HIV gene products in oligodendrocytes develop clinical and histologic features that resemble the human disease. (medscape.com)

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology , 22 (1), 33-39. (elsevier.com)

Viruses are tiny microbes that can infect cells. (healthline.com)
INT6/EIF3E interacts with ATM and is required for proper execution of the DNA damage response in human cells. (ens-lyon.fr)
There are three main receptors on the cells for HTLV-1 including neuropilin, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), and heperan sulfate proteoglycan [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In the present work, we have focused on the interaction of a chimeric adenovirus Ad5/3 with human lymphocytes and human erythrocytes. (helsinki.fi)

HTLV-1 Mosaic can be used as an antigen in ELISA and Western Blots. (prospecbio.com)

The serology for HTLV-1 detection was performed with ELISA by the NHLS. (samj.org.za)

Recipient 1. (cdc.gov)
Recipient 1 was a 60-year-old man who underwent surgery in August 1985. (cdc.gov)

In Puerto Rico, where the number of people infected with the virus is doubling weekly, local blood donation is now banned. (times-standard.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms23

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs21

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes17

Information Science4

Named Groups3

Health Care2

Geographicals6

Gene expression profiles in HTLV-I-immortalized T cells: deregulated expression of genes involved in apoptosis regulation. (1/1876)

Stabilization from autoproteolysis and kinetic characterization of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 proteinase. (2/1876)

Binding of c-Rel to STAT5 target sequences in HTLV-I-transformed T cells. (3/1876)

Two types of HTLV-1 particles are released from MT-2 cells. (4/1876)

The human T cell leukemia virus type I-tax gene is responsible for the development of both inflammatory polyarthropathy resembling rheumatoid arthritis and noninflammatory ankylotic arthropathy in transgenic mice. (5/1876)

Interaction of Gli2 with CREB protein on DNA elements in the long terminal repeat of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 is responsible for transcriptional activation by tax protein. (6/1876)

Human T-cell leukemia retrovirus-Tax protein is a repressor of nuclear receptor signaling. (7/1876)

Constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in primary adult T-cell leukemia cells. (8/1876)

HTLV-I Infections

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1

Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic

HTLV-II Infections

HTLV-I Antibodies

Jamaica

Human T-lymphotropic virus 2

Gene Products, tax

Deltaretrovirus

Proviruses

Deltaretrovirus Infections

Carrier State

Genes, pX

Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell

Viral Load

Leukocytes, Mononuclear

Antibodies, Viral

T-Lymphocytes

DNA, Viral

Japan

Strongyloidiasis

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Deltaretrovirus Antibodies

Cell Line

Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1

HTLV-II Antibodies

Polymerase Chain Reaction

RNA, Messenger

Deltaretrovirus Antigens

Primate T-lymphotropic virus 3

Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic

HTLV-I Antigens

Lymphocyte Activation

HTLV-II Antigens

French Guiana

Cells, Cultured

Molecular Sequence Data

T-Lymphocyte Subsets

Gene Products, env

RNA Viruses

Cercocebus

Virus Replication

Gene Products, rex

Vaccinia virus

Jurkat Cells

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Leukemia, T-Cell

Receptors, Virus

Melanesia

Genes, Viral

Blood Donors

Indians, Central American

Retroviridae Proteins

Human T-lymphotropic virus 3

Cell Transformation, Viral

Virus Cultivation

Phylogeny

Retroviridae Infections

HIV

Antigens, Viral

Strongyloides stercoralis

Gene Expression Regulation, Viral

Virus Shedding

Amino Acid Sequence

RNA, Viral

Monkey Diseases

Viral Proteins

Base Sequence

Virus Diseases

Terminal Repeat Sequences

Simian virus 40

Indians, South American

Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay

Virus Assembly

Plant Viruses

DNA Viruses

Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral

Defective Viruses

Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins

Genes, env