... which makes them more likely to come into contact with humans. There is evidence that it is possible for the rabies virus to ... At first, Pawan's finding that bats transmitted rabies to people and animals were thought fantastic and were ridiculed.[ ... Cryptic rabies cases are those in which a clear history of exposure to rabies virus cannot be documented, despite extensive ... "Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved December 16, 2011.. *^ a b c d e Wilkinson, G. S. (1985). "The Social Organization of the ...

Examples include rabies, anthrax, tularemia and West Nile virus. Thus, much of human exposure to infectious disease has been ... Most human diseases originated in animals; however, only diseases that routinely involve animal to human transmission, like ... While rare in humans, the main public health worry is that a strain of bird flu will recombine with a human flu virus and cause ... When humans infect animals, it is called reverse zoonosis or anthroponosis. The term is from Greek: ζῷον zoon "animal" and ...

... and rabies virus. All of these viruses cause significant disease in humans. Many very important pathogens of nonhuman animals ... human respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, mumps virus, Nipah virus, ... Virus Taxonomy-Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, San Diego, USA: Academic Press, pp. 525- ... Virus Taxonomy-Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, San Diego, USA: Elsevier/Academic Press, pp ...

... of these variants into non-reservoir animals increases the risk of human exposures and threatens current advances toward rabies ... CST of rabies virus variants between many different species populations is a major wildlife management concern. Introduction ... Bats, for example, are mammals and can directly transfer rabies to humans through bite and also through aerosolization of bat ... There is evidence to suggest that some diseases can potentially be re-introduced to human populations through animal hosts ...

Cockrum, E. Lendell, Rabies, Lyme Diseases, Hanta Virus and other Animal-Borne Human Diseases in the United States and Canada. ... Urban plague is an infectious disease among rodent species that live in close association with humans in urban areas. It is ... caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis which is the same bacterium that causes bubonic and pneumonic plague in humans. Plague ...

Rabies, once a scourge in the state, is exceptionally rare thanks to effective vaccination programs for animals and heightened ... Illnesses such as West Nile Virus, La Cross Encephalitis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, though rare, do occur in the state. ... awareness in humans. The Tennessee Department of Environment of Conservation, once a part of TDH, has been a separate ...

Between the first recorded outbreak in 1976 and the largest in 2014, the virus has transferred from animals to humans only 30 ... Animals used as bushmeat may also carry other diseases such as smallpox, chicken pox, tuberculosis, measles, rubella, rabies, ... Bushmeat also provides a route for a number of serious tropical diseases to spread to humans from their animal hosts. These ... Bushmeat hunters in Central Africa infected with the human T-lymphotropic virus were closely exposed to wild primates. Results ...

One area of particular interest is the study of human papilloma viruses (HPV) and their role in cervical cancers. Researchers ... In 1985, the first human vaccine obtained by genetic engineering from animal cells, the vaccine against hepatitis B, was ... Not long after the Institute's inauguration, Roux, now less occupied in the fight against rabies, resumed in a new lab and with ... The search for a stronger remedy against this disease was made more difficult because most animals are immune to it: it was ...

Notably, flying foxes can transmit lyssaviruses, which cause rabies. In Australia the rabies virus is not naturally present; ... and Nelson Bay virus.[124] These viruses rarely affect humans and few cases have been reported.[123][124] While other bat ... Transmission occurs from the bite or scratch of an infected animal, but can also occur from getting the infected animal's ... Flying foxes are also reservoirs of henipaviruses such as Hendra virus and Nipah virus. Hendra virus was first identified in ...

Like all other animals, if bats get infected with this disease, they will die. If humans come in contact with rabies, it is far ... It is also often believed that if a rabid animal contracts the rabies virus, that it will attack you; that is not always the ... If a human is exposed to rabies, one should get initial IM injection of Human Rabies immune Globulin, otherwise known as HRIG. ... Rabies is a deadly viral disease of the central nervous system. In almost all cases, the virus is passed on through the bite, ...

Rabies vaccine is given to both humans and animals who have been potentially exposed to rabies. Tetanus toxoid can be given in ... "Protection from rabies by a vaccinia virus recombinant containing the rabies virus glycoprotein gene". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U ... PEP is commonly and very effectively used to prevent the outbreak of rabies after a bite by a rabid animal. The treatment ... Katz, M. H.; Gerberding, J. L. (1997). "Postexposure Treatment of People Exposed to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus through ...

Infected animals appear tame and have a distinct frothing at the mouth. They are fearless and bulls may sometimes attack humans ... Kudus are highly susceptible to rabies in times of extended drought. They have been known to enter farm houses and other ... Kudus were highly susceptible to the rinderpest virus (now eradicated after a vaccination program in domestic cattle), and many ... Kudu numbers are also affected by humans hunting them for their meat, hides and horns, or using their habitats for charcoal ...

The viruses that infect plants are harmless to animals, and most viruses that infect other animals are harmless to humans.[132] ... in this case humans,[130] and are said to have a narrow host range. Other viruses, such as rabies virus, can infect different ... I: dsDNA viruses. II: ssDNA viruses. III: dsRNA viruses. IV: (+)ssRNA viruses. V: (−)ssRNA viruses. VI: ssRNA-RT viruses. VII: ... Animal viruses. Main articles: Animal virus and Veterinary virology. Viruses are important pathogens of livestock. Diseases ...

The viruses that infect plants are harmless to animals, and most viruses that infect other animals are harmless to humans. The ... in this case humans, and are said to have a narrow host range. Other viruses, such as rabies virus, can infect different ... Viruses accepted to cause human cancers include some genotypes of human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, ... all human viruses constitute the human virome. Examples of common human diseases caused by viruses include the common cold, ...

Vaccinations of animals are used both to prevent their contracting diseases and to prevent transmission of disease to humans. ... Where rabies occurs, rabies vaccination of dogs may be required by law. Other canine vaccines include canine distemper, canine ... 2001). "Safety and immunogenicity of attenuated dengue virus vaccines (Aventis Pasteur) in human volunteers". Vaccine. 19 (23- ... With the advent of aerosol vaccination in veterinary clinics for companion animals, human exposure to pathogens that are not ...

Other infectious diseases affecting wild animals, farm animals and humans include rabies, leptospirosis, brucellosis, ... This virus is easily transmissible to domestic poultry, and to humans living in close proximity with them. ... diseases that humans may acquire from animals. Wild animal populations may harbour diseases that can affect domestic animals ... that it is morally acceptable for humans to use non-human animals, provided that no unnecessary suffering is caused, and that ...

The viruses that infect other vertebrates are related to those of humans and most families of viruses that cause human diseases ... They are particularly prone to infections with rhabdoviruses, which are distinct from, but related to rabies virus. At least ... Animal viruses are viruses that infect animals. Viruses infect all cellular life and although viruses infect every animal, ... Humans cannot be infected by plant or insect viruses, but they are susceptible to infections with viruses from other ...

... feline panleukopenia virus, rabies virus and other pathogens in wildlife and domestic animals. Controlling diseases such as the ... and parasitic pathogens upon use in animals (e.g. raccoons) and humans. Uses in veterinary medicine: have potential use for ... RCN recombinants expressing rabies virus glycoprotein or nucleoprotein were created. Promoting rabies virus neutralizing ... "Raccoon Poxvirus Recombinants Expressing the Rabies Virus Nucleoprotein Protect Mice against Lethal Rabies Virus Infection" ( ...

... in the brains of animals and humans infected with the rabies virus Leopoldo Nobili (1784-1835), physicist, designed the first ... known for his brilliant work with two viruses that can transform animal cells into a cancer-like state in the test tube ... one of the first scientists to identify urea in human urine Alessandro Cruto (1847-1908), inventor who improved on Thomas Alva ... produced the first scientific classification of plants and animals by genera and species Realdo Colombo (c. 1516-1559), one of ...

... impact and control of diseases that can move from animals to humans, such as West Nile virus, anthrax, swine flu and mad cow ... pseudo-rabies virus in feral swine, Toxoplasma gondii in cats, and malaria from mosquitoes. As a leading international center ... One area of particular emphasis at NIMBioS has been modeling animal infectious diseases, such as white-nose syndrome in bats, ... for animal infectious disease modeling, NIMBioS has contributed significantly to global needs in analyzing the potential spread ...

Thus, many animal and human infectious diseases are transmitted by hematophagous species, such as the bubonic plague, Chagas ... The phlebotomic action opens a channel for contamination of the host species with bacteria, viruses and blood-borne parasites ... disease, dengue fever, eastern equine encephalitis, filariasis, leishmaniasis, Lyme disease, malaria, rabies, sleeping sickness ... These hematophagous animals have mouth parts and chemical agents for penetrating vascular structures in the skin of hosts, ...

... mission is to prevent human deaths caused by infection with the rabies virus and reduce the burden of this disease in animals. ... including rabies. Her work has involved the initiation of mass rabies vaccination programmes for domestic dogs in the Serengeti ... to be awarded the British Veterinary Association Trevor Blackburn Award in 2008 in recognition of her work on animal and human ... Sarah Cleaveland's Entry at ORCID "Vet honoured for animal health and welfare work in Africa". British Veterinary Association. ...

... bovine leukemia virus, rabies and warble fly. Under the Zoonoses Order conditions that can be transmitted to humans, such as ... Animal welfare legislation affecting UK agriculture includes the Animal Welfare Act 2006, the Welfare of Farmed Animals ... Table of important crop weeds A pest is an animal that eats or spoils food meant for humans. Pests damage crops by removing ... The UK has a good reputation for animal welfare, and there are several codes of practice. Animal welfare as an issue is ...

... which makes them more likely to come into contact with humans. There is evidence that it is possible for the rabies virus to ... At first, Pawan's finding that bats transmitted rabies to people and animals were thought fantastic and were ridiculed.[ ... Cryptic rabies cases are those in which a clear history of exposure to rabies virus cannot be documented, despite extensive ... had rabies. However, of the few cases of rabies reported in the United States every year, most are caused by bat bites. The ...

Humans exposed to the rabies virus must begin post-exposure prophylaxis before the disease can progress to the central nervous ... This article is about rabies in animals. For rabies in humans, see Rabies. For other uses, see Rabies (disambiguation). ... Monkeys, like humans, can get rabies, however they do not tend to be a common source of rabies.[22] Monkeys with rabies tend to ... Pawan discovered that infected vampire bats could transmit rabies to humans and other animals.[5][6] In 1934, the Trinidad and ...

... s can cairry rabies, a lethal disease caused bi the neurotropic rabies virus cairried in the slaver an transmittit bi bites. Its spread began in Florida an Georgie in the 1950s an wis facilitated bi the introduction o infectit individuals tae Virginie an North Dakota in the late 1970s.[154] O the 6,940 documentit rabies cases reportit in the United States in 2006, 2,615 (37.7%) wis in raccoons.[155] The U.S. Depairtment o Agricultur, as weel as local authorities in several U.S. states an Canadian provinces, haes developit oral vaccination programs tae fecht the spread o the disease in endangered populations.[156][157][158] Anly ae human fatality haes been reportit efter transmission o the rabies virus strain commonly kent as "raccoon rabies".[159] Amang the main symptoms for ...

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, most bats do not have rabies.[29] For example, even among bats submitted for rabies testing because they could be captured, were obviously weak or sick, or had been captured by a cat, only about 6% had rabies.[29] However, of the few cases of rabies reported in the United States every year, most are caused by bat bites.[29] The highest occurrence of rabies in vampire bats occurs in the large populations found in South America. The danger is not so much to the human population, but rather to livestock.[30] Dr. Joseph Lennox Pawan, a government bacteriologist in Trinidad, found the first infected vampire bat in March 1932.[31] He soon proved various species of bat, including the common vampire bat, are capable of transmitting rabies ...

The sudden collapse of the natural animal disposal system in India has had multiple consequences. The carcasses formerly eaten by vultures rot in village fields leading to contaminated drinking water. The disappearance of vultures has allowed other species such as rat and wild dog populations to grow. These newly abundant scavengers are not as efficient as vultures. A vulture's metabolism is a true "dead-end" for pathogens, but dogs and rats become carriers of the pathogens.[16] India has an estimated 18 million wild dogs, the largest population of carnivores in the world, which has led to increase in leopards invading inhabited areas preying on feral dogs leading to conflicts with humans. The mammals also carry diseases from rotting carcasses such as rabies, anthrax, plague etc. and are indirectly responsible for thousands of human deaths.[17] In India, 30,000 people die from rabies each ...

An animal bite is a wound, usually a puncture or laceration, caused by the teeth. An animal bite usually results in a break in the skin but also includes contusions from the excessive pressure on body tissue from the bite. The contusions can occur without a break in the skin. Bites can be provoked or unprovoked. Other bite attacks may be apparently unprovoked. Biting is a physical action not only describing an attack but it is a normal response in an animal as it eats, carries objects, softens and prepares food for its young, removes ectoparasites from its body surface, removes plant seeds attached to its fur or hair, scratching itself, and grooming other animals. Animal bites often result in serious infections and mortality. Animal bites not only include injuries from the teeth of reptiles, mammals, but fish, and amphibians. Arthropods can also bite and leave injuries. Bite wounds can cause a number of ...

The vampire lifestyle or vampire subculture is an alternative lifestyle.[1] The vampire subculture has stemmed largely from the goth subculture,[1][2] but also incorporates some elements of the sadomasochism subculture.[1] The Internet provides a prevalent forum for the subculture along with other media such as glossy magazines devoted to the topic.[3]. Many self-professed vampires actively resent the term "lifestylers", as it tends to carry the connotation that vampirism is not real.. Active vampirism within the vampire subculture includes both sanguinarian vampirism, which involves blood consumption,[3] and psychic vampirism, whose practitioners believe they are drawing spiritual nourishment from auric or pranic energy.. The vampire and therian subcultures are related to the otherkin community, and are considered part of it by most otherkin, but are culturally and historically distinct movements of their own despite some overlap in membership.[4]. ...

Faulds established the first English mission in Japan in 1874, with a hospital and a teaching facility for Japanese medical students. He helped introduce Joseph Lister's antiseptic methods to Japanese surgeons. In 1875, he helped found the Rakuzenkai, Japan's first society for the blind, and set up lifeguard stations to prevent drowning in nearby canals. He halted a rabies epidemic that killed small children who played with infected mice, and he helped stop the spread of cholera in Japan. He even cured a plague infecting the local fishmonger's stock of carp. In 1880 he helped found a school for the blind. By 1882, his Tsukiji Hospital in Tokyo treated 15,000 patients annually. Faulds became fluent in Japanese, and in addition to his full-time work as a doctor, he wrote two books on travel in the Far East, many academic articles, and started three magazines. Whilst accompanying a friend (American archaeologist, Edward S. Morse) to an archaeological dig he noticed how the ...

This is a listing of significant characters in Charlaine Harris's The Southern Vampire Mysteries / Sookie Stackhouse novels only. HBO created a television series called True Blood based on the novels. Sookie is the main character of The Southern Vampire Mysteries, and resides in the fictional town of Bon Temps, in rural, northern Louisiana. In the first novel, Dead Until Dark, she describes herself as being 25 years old, with blond hair and blue eyes. She also states: "my legs are strong and my bosom is substantial, and I have a waspy waistline". She is written to wear a ladies size 8-10, most of the time a 10. Sookie, although not highly educated, is well read and has an extensive vocabulary, mainly attributed to her affinity for her "word-of-the-day" calendar. Although Sookie appears to be human, she possesses telepathic abilities, which manifested at a very young age .Later learns she is a fairy-human hybrid. She is able to read most human minds, and ...

... (UK: viraemia) is a medical condition where viruses enter the bloodstream and hence have access to the rest of the body. It is similar to bacteremia, a condition where bacteria enter the bloodstream. The name comes from combining the word virus with the Greek word for blood (haima). It usually lasts for 4 to 5 days in the primary condition. Primary viremia refers to the initial spread of virus in the blood from the first site of infection. Secondary viremia occurs when primary viremia has resulted in infection of additional tissues via bloodstream, in which the virus has replicated and once more entered the circulation. Usually secondary viremia results in higher viral shedding and viral loads within the bloodstream due to the possibility that the virus is able to reach its natural host cell from the bloodstream and replicate more efficiently than the initial site. An excellent example to profile this distinction is the ...

Louis Pasteur was unable to find a causative agent for rabies and speculated about a pathogen too small to be detected using a microscope.[21] In 1884, the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland invented a filter (known today as the Chamberland filter or the Pasteur-Chamberland filter) with pores smaller than bacteria. Thus, he could pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and completely remove them from the solution.[22] In 1892, the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used this filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus. His experiments showed that crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration. Ivanovsky suggested the infection might be caused by a toxin produced by bacteria, but did not pursue the idea.[23] At the time it was thought that all infectious agents could be retained by filters and grown on a nutrient medium - this was part of the germ theory of disease.[2] In 1898, the ...

Louis Pasteur was unable to find a causative agent for rabies and speculated about a pathogen too small to be detected using a microscope.[21] In 1884, the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland invented a filter (known today as the Chamberland filter or the Pasteur-Chamberland filter) with pores smaller than bacteria. Thus, he could pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and completely remove them.[22] In 1892, the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used this filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus. His experiments showed that crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration. Ivanovsky suggested the infection might be caused by a toxin produced by bacteria, but did not pursue the idea.[23] At the time it was thought that all infectious agents could be retained by filters and grown on a nutrient medium-this was part of the germ theory of disease.[2] In 1898, the Dutch ...

Despite his other successes, Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) was unable to find a causative agent for rabies and speculated about a pathogen too small to be detected using a microscope.[1] In 1884, the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland (1851-1931) invented a filter - known today as the Chamberland filter - that had pores smaller than bacteria. Thus, he could pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and completely remove them from the solution.[2] In 1876, Adolf Mayer, who directed the Agricultural Experimental Station in Wageningen was the first to show that what he called "Tobacco Mosaic Disease" was infectious, he thought that it was caused by either a toxin or a very small bacterium. Later, in 1892, the Russian biologist Dmitry Ivanovsky (1864-1920) used a Chamberland filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus. His experiments showed that crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after ...

A panzootic (from Greek παν pan all + ζόιον zoion animal) is an epizootic (an outbreak of an infectious disease of animals) that spreads across a large region (for example a continent), or even worldwide. The equivalent in human populations is called a pandemic. A panzootic can start when three conditions have been met: the emergence of a disease new to the population. the agent infects a species and causes serious illness. the agent spreads easily and sustainably among animals. A disease or condition is not a panzootic merely because it is widespread or kills a large number of animals; it must also be infectious. For example, cancer is responsible for a large number of deaths but is not considered a panzootic because the disease is, generally speaking, not infectious. Unlike an epizootic, a panzootic covers all or nearly all species over a large surface area (ex. rabies, anthrax). Typically ...

Fredrick "Count Blah" Blah (performed by Dan Milano in the IFC show, Drew Massey on the FOX show) - A vampire who is another actor that had worked with Warren DeMontague many years ago. He is a parody of Count von Count of Sesame Street fame, although he regularly claims that Count von Count stole his act and took away his fame. Count Blah referenced Count von Count in one episode where he quoted "Show me another vampire, especially a puppet vampire, that was working in the mainstream industry before I came along. Suddenly, I find out some bearded hippie is looking for folks to be on his new children's program and that he was looking for a vampire. The next thing I know, he's got some f***ing OCD numerologist on the show, ugly purple skin, counting up and down, it was just disgusting, blah. He's not even Romanian, he's freaking Italian, and he knows it, blah". He even told Greg the Bunny that he is not Count von Count and that he doesn't know Big Bird as Greg commented that he was a fan of Count ...