Neoplasms: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.Cell Line, Tumor: A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.Breast Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.Stomach Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.Prostatic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.Colonic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the COLON.Lung Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.Tumor Markers, Biological: Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.Neoplasm Invasiveness: Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.Ovarian Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.Mice, Nude: Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.Neoplasm Proteins: Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.Early Detection of Cancer: Methods to identify and characterize cancer in the early stages of disease and predict tumor behavior.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Pancreatic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).Neoplasm Metastasis: The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.Cell Proliferation: All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.Gene Expression Profiling: The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.Antineoplastic Agents: Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.Tumor Cells, Cultured: Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Colorectal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.Cell Transformation, Neoplastic: Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.DNA Methylation: Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Tumor Suppressor Protein p53: Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.Carcinoma: A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)Tissue Array Analysis: The simultaneous analysis of multiple samples of TISSUES or CELLS from BIOPSY or in vitro culture that have been arranged in an array format on slides or microchips.DNA, Neoplasm: DNA present in neoplastic tissue.RNA, Small Interfering: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Neoplasm Staging: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.Neoplasm Transplantation: Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.Down-Regulation: A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays: In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.Drug Resistance, Neoplasm: Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.Carcinoma, Squamous Cell: A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)MicroRNAs: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.Urinary Bladder Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.Transplantation, Heterologous: Transplantation between animals of different species.Uterine Cervical Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.Receptors, Estrogen: Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important.Antigens, Neoplasm: Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.Receptor, erbB-2: A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF RECEPTOR, the ERBB-3 RECEPTOR, and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member.Up-Regulation: A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis: Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.Genes, Tumor Suppressor: Genes that inhibit expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. When tumor suppressor genes are inactivated or lost, a barrier to normal proliferation is removed and unregulated growth is possible.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Cell Movement: The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.Tumor Suppressor Proteins: Proteins that are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. Deficiencies or abnormalities in these proteins may lead to unregulated cell growth and tumor development.Breast: In humans, one of the paired regions in the anterior portion of the THORAX. The breasts consist of the MAMMARY GLANDS, the SKIN, the MUSCLES, the ADIPOSE TISSUE, and the CONNECTIVE TISSUES.Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor: Methods of investigating the effectiveness of anticancer cytotoxic drugs and biologic inhibitors. These include in vitro cell-kill models and cytostatic dye exclusion tests as well as in vivo measurement of tumor growth parameters in laboratory animals.Gene Silencing: Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung: A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.Promoter Regions, Genetic: DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.Survival Analysis: A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.Cell Cycle: The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.Survival Rate: The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.RNA Interference: A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.RNA, Neoplasm: RNA present in neoplastic tissue.Cell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Immunoenzyme Techniques: Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.Cancer Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.HCT116 Cells: Human COLORECTAL CARCINOMA cell line.Paraffin Embedding: The infiltrating of tissue specimens with paraffin, as a supporting substance, to prepare for sectioning with a microtome.Cell Division: The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.Endometrial Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.Cell Growth Processes: Processes required for CELL ENLARGEMENT and CELL PROLIFERATION.Gene Knockdown Techniques: The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.Liver Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.Genetic Predisposition to Disease: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Esophageal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.Genes, p53: Tumor suppressor genes located on the short arm of human chromosome 17 and coding for the phosphoprotein p53.Receptors, Progesterone: Specific proteins found in or on cells of progesterone target tissues that specifically combine with progesterone. The cytosol progesterone-receptor complex then associates with the nucleic acids to initiate protein synthesis. There are two kinds of progesterone receptors, A and B. Both are induced by estrogen and have short half-lives.Nuclear Proteins: Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.Neovascularization, Pathologic: A pathologic process consisting of the proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions.Tumor Burden: The total amount (cell number, weight, size or volume) of tumor cells or tissue in the body.Prostate: A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the URINARY BLADDER and the URETHRA. It secretes a substance that liquefies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the RECTUM.Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic: Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.DNA-Binding Proteins: Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.CpG Islands: Areas of increased density of the dinucleotide sequence cytosine--phosphate diester--guanine. They form stretches of DNA several hundred to several thousand base pairs long. In humans there are about 45,000 CpG islands, mostly found at the 5' ends of genes. They are unmethylated except for those on the inactive X chromosome and some associated with imprinted genes.Genes, Neoplasm: Genes whose abnormal expression, or MUTATION are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS.Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols: The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Neoplastic Stem Cells: Highly proliferative, self-renewing, and colony-forming stem cells which give rise to NEOPLASMS.Proto-Oncogene Proteins: Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Molecular Targeted Therapy: Treatments with drugs which interact with or block synthesis of specific cellular components characteristic of the individual's disease in order to stop or interrupt the specific biochemical dysfunction involved in progression of the disease.Kaplan-Meier Estimate: A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)Rectal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.HT29 Cells: Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells such as the GOBLET CELLS.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor: A cell surface receptor involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It is specific for EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and EGF-related peptides including TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; AMPHIREGULIN; and HEPARIN-BINDING EGF-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR. The binding of ligand to the receptor causes activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and rapid internalization of the receptor-ligand complex into the cell.Disease-Free Survival: Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction.Neoplasm Grading: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the level of CELL DIFFERENTIATION in neoplasms as increasing ANAPLASIA correlates with the aggressiveness of the neoplasm.Phosphorylation: The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.Mice, SCID: Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.National Cancer Institute (U.S.): Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. Through basic and clinical biomedical research and training, it conducts and supports research with the objective of cancer prevention, early stage identification and elimination. This Institute was established in 1937.Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt: A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.Mice, Inbred BALB CModels, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Tissue Fixation: The technique of using FIXATIVES in the preparation of cytologic, histologic, or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all the constituent elements.Risk: The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial: Neoplasms composed of glandular tissue, an aggregation of epithelial cells that elaborate secretions, and of any type of epithelium itself. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the various glands or in epithelial tissue.Cisplatin: An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)MCF-7 Cells: An estrogen responsive cell line derived from a patient with metastatic human breast ADENOCARCINOMA (at the Michigan Cancer Foundation.)Flow Cytometry: Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Prostate-Specific Antigen: A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.Head and Neck Neoplasms: Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Paclitaxel: A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized form leading to cell death.Transcription, Genetic: The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.Mouth Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.Neoplasms, Experimental: Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.Tamoxifen: One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM.Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.Precancerous Conditions: Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins: A conserved class of proteins that control APOPTOSIS in both VERTEBRATES and INVERTEBRATES. IAP proteins interact with and inhibit CASPASES, and they function as ANTI-APOPTOTIC PROTEINS. The protein class is defined by an approximately 80-amino acid motif called the baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat.Oncogenes: Genes whose gain-of-function alterations lead to NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. They include, for example, genes for activators or stimulators of CELL PROLIFERATION such as growth factors, growth factor receptors, protein kinases, signal transducers, nuclear phosphoproteins, and transcription factors. A prefix of "v-" before oncogene symbols indicates oncogenes captured and transmitted by RETROVIRUSES; the prefix "c-" before the gene symbol of an oncogene indicates it is the cellular homolog (PROTO-ONCOGENES) of a v-oncogene.Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent: Certain tumors that 1, arise in organs that are normally dependent on specific hormones and 2, are stimulated or caused to regress by manipulation of the endocrine environment.Epigenesis, Genetic: A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.Cadherins: Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They are important in the formation of ADHERENS JUNCTIONS between cells. Cadherins are classified by their distinct immunological and tissue specificities, either by letters (E- for epithelial, N- for neural, and P- for placental cadherins) or by numbers (cadherin-12 or N-cadherin 2 for brain-cadherin). Cadherins promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism as in the construction of tissues and of the whole animal body.Registries: The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.ras Proteins: Small, monomeric GTP-binding proteins encoded by ras genes (GENES, RAS). The protooncogene-derived protein, PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN P21(RAS), plays a role in normal cellular growth, differentiation and development. The oncogene-derived protein (ONCOGENE PROTEIN P21(RAS)) can play a role in aberrant cellular regulation during neoplastic cell transformation (CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC). This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.PTEN Phosphohydrolase: A lipid phosphatase that acts on phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate to regulate various SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. It modulates CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL MIGRATION; and APOPTOSIS. Mutations in PTEN are associated with COWDEN DISEASE and PROTEUS SYNDROME as well as NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION.Cell Cycle Proteins: Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Telomerase: An essential ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that adds telomeric DNA to the ends of eukaryotic CHROMOSOMES.Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal: Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.Genes, ras: Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases: A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.DNA Damage: Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.DNA Mutational Analysis: Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic: Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.Gene Amplification: A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.United StatesReceptors, Androgen: Proteins, generally found in the CYTOPLASM, that specifically bind ANDROGENS and mediate their cellular actions. The complex of the androgen and receptor migrates to the CELL NUCLEUS where it induces transcription of specific segments of DNA.Polymorphism, Genetic: The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Gastrointestinal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, from the MOUTH to the ANAL CANAL.Kidney Neoplasms: Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.Combined Modality Therapy: The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.Survivors: Persons who have experienced a prolonged survival after serious disease or who continue to live with a usually life-threatening condition as well as family members, significant others, or individuals surviving traumatic life events.Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.Chemotherapy, Adjuvant: Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.beta Catenin: A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal: Antineoplastic agents that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Hormone-sensitive tumors may be hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, or both. A hormone-dependent tumor regresses on removal of the hormonal stimulus, by surgery or pharmacological block. Hormone-responsive tumors may regress when pharmacologic amounts of hormones are administered regardless of whether previous signs of hormone sensitivity were observed. The major hormone-responsive cancers include carcinomas of the breast, prostate, and endometrium; lymphomas; and certain leukemias. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994, p2079)Lymphatic Metastasis: Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.Membrane Proteins: Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.Anticarcinogenic Agents: Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved.Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Phenotypic changes of EPITHELIAL CELLS to MESENCHYME type, which increase cell mobility critical in many developmental processes such as NEURAL TUBE development. NEOPLASM METASTASIS and DISEASE PROGRESSION may also induce this transition.Bone Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.Tumor Microenvironment: The milieu surrounding neoplasms consisting of cells, vessels, soluble factors, and molecules, that can influence and be influenced by, the neoplasm's growth.Carcinogenesis: The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.Carcinoma, Small Cell: An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)Genital Neoplasms, Female: Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).Thyroid Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2: Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. The proteins are found on mitochondrial, microsomal, and NUCLEAR MEMBRANE sites within many cell types. Overexpression of bcl-2 proteins, due to a translocation of the gene, is associated with follicular lymphoma.Loss of Heterozygosity: The loss of one allele at a specific locus, caused by a deletion mutation; or loss of a chromosome from a chromosome pair, resulting in abnormal HEMIZYGOSITY. It is detected when heterozygous markers for a locus appear monomorphic because one of the ALLELES was deleted.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Skin Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.Ki-67 Antigen: A CELL CYCLE and tumor growth marker which can be readily detected using IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY methods. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen present only in the nuclei of cycling cells.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.HeLa Cells: The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Carcinogens: Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence: A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.Tumor Stem Cell Assay: A cytologic technique for measuring the functional capacity of tumor stem cells by assaying their activity. It is used primarily for the in vitro testing of antineoplastic agents.Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.Colon: The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc: Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-myc genes. They are normally involved in nucleic acid metabolism and in mediating the cellular response to growth factors. Elevated and deregulated (constitutive) expression of c-myc proteins can cause tumorigenesis.Immunoblotting: Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.Melanoma: A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)Formaldehyde: A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A: The original member of the family of endothelial cell growth factors referred to as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was originally isolated from tumor cells and referred to as "tumor angiogenesis factor" and "vascular permeability factor". Although expressed at high levels in certain tumor-derived cells it is produced by a wide variety of cell types. In addition to stimulating vascular growth and vascular permeability it may play a role in stimulating VASODILATION via NITRIC OXIDE-dependent pathways. Alternative splicing of the mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor A results in several isoforms of the protein being produced.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.
Trefoil factor 32001). "Synthesis and localization of the mucin-associated TFF-peptides in the human uterus". Cell Tissue Res. 303 (1): 109-15 ... Cancer Res. 8 (5): 1092-9. PMID 12006524. Kimura Y, Leung PS, Kenny TP, et al. (2002). "Differential expression of intestinal ... 1997). "Human intestinal trefoil factor is expressed in human hypothalamus and pituitary: evidence for a novel neuropeptide". ... "Trefoil factor 3 isolated from human breast milk downregulates cytokines (IL8 and IL6) and promotes human beta defensin (hBD2 ...
... in the human breast". Cell Tissue Res. 296 (3): 549-54. doi:10.1007/s004410051316. PMID 10370142. Bennett KL, Karpenko M, Lin ... IRX1 has also been shown to act as a tumor suppressor gene in several forms of cancer. IRX1 is a member of the Iroquois ... The human gene product is a 1858 base pair mRNA with 4 predicted exons in humans. Promoter analysis was performed using El ... Expression data from human, mouse, and developing mouse brains are available though the Allen Brain Atlas. The mature IRX1 ...
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Herzfeld A, Greengard O (1980). "Enzyme activities in human fetal and neoplastic tissues". Cancer. 46 (9): 2047-54. doi:10.1002 ... aminothymidine in human bladder cancer cells in vitro". Cancer Res. 46 (9): 4522-6. PMID 3731105. Fischer PH, Fang TT, Lin TS, ... Fang CY, Tsai YD, Lin MC, Wang M, Chen PL, Chao CN, Huang YL, Chang D, Shen CH (2015). "Inhibition of human bladder cancer ... The former was first found in fetal tissue, the second was found to be more abundant in adult tissue, and initially they were ...
King CM, Olive CW, Cardona RA (1975). "Activation of carcinogenic arylhydroxamic acids by human tissues". J. Natl. Cancer Inst ... have shown that palladin is overexpressed in the non-neoplastic stroma of pancreatic cancer, but only rarely in the cancer ... "Toward a Catalog of Human Genes and Proteins: Sequencing and Analysis of 500 Novel Complete Protein Coding Human cDNAs". Genome ... "Palladin Mutation Causes Familial Pancreatic Cancer and Suggests a New Cancer Mechanism". PLoS Med. 3 (12): e516. doi:10.1371/ ...
The Human Protein Atlas. "Cell atlas - RBM3". The Human Protein Atlas. "Expression of RBM3 in cancer - Summary". The Human ... According to antibody-based profiling and transcriptomics analysis, RBM3 protein is present in all analysed human tissues and ... and the proapoptotic Bax gene in human breast cancer". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 97 (6): 1275-82. doi:10.1002/jcb.20725 ... a novel human gene in Xp11.23 with a putative RNA-binding domain". Human Molecular Genetics. 4 (12): 2307-11. doi:10.1093/hmg/ ...
Peptides encoded by human lncRNAs have been found in cells and adult tissues. The protein SPAR has been found to be encoded by ... According to LncRNAWiki, many lncRNAs are correlated with human diseases, especially cancer. A handful of studies have ... Washietl, Stefan; Kellis, Manolis; Garber, Manuel (April 2014). "Evolutionary dynamics and tissue specificity of human long ... September 2007). "Ultraconserved regions encoding ncRNAs are altered in human leukemias and carcinomas". Cancer Cell. 12 (3): ...
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Studies in prostate cancer find that human prostate cancer cell lines in culture overexpress ALOX12, overproduce 12(S)-HETE, ... Recently, hypermethylation of the ALOX12 gene in prostate cancer tissue was associated with clinical predictors for a high rate ... it also promotes the malignant behavior of cultured human cancer cells as well as the growth of certain cancers in animal ... have been shown to inhibit the growth of cultured human prostate cancer cell by causing them to enter apoptosis. Studies on ...
The FMNL2 gene is expressed in multiple human tissues. Formin-like protein 2 is a formin-related protein. Formin-related ... FMNL2 expression is considerably higher in colorectal cancer tumors compared to normal tissue. FMNL1 FMNL3 GRCh38: Ensembl ... "Characterization of Diaphanous-related formin FMNL2 in human tissues". BMC Cell Biol. 11: 55. doi:10.1186/1471-2121-11-55. PMC ... Formin-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FMNL2 gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of ...
Cancer Cell. 2017 Aug 14;32(2):169-184.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.07.005. Tissue Regeneration Promoted through Gene ... ARID1A protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human ARID1A genome location and ... Berns K et al; Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Nov 1;22(21):5238-5248 Genomic Evolution of Breast Cancer Metastasis and Relapse. Yates LR ... This gene has been commonly found mutated in gastric cancers, ovarian clear cell carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. In breast ...
Cancer Research. 57 (12): 2362-5. PMID 9192809. Ikeguchi EF, Stifelman MD, Hensle TW (1998). "Ureteral tissue expansion for ... a potential biomarker for human renal cell carcinoma". ... Stifelman MD, Ikeguchi EF, Hensle TW (1998). "Ureteral tissue ... Cancer, 86(3):492-7, 1999. Stifelman MD, Sosa RE, Andrade A, Tarintino, Shichman SJ.: Hand assisted laparoscopic ... Marien TP, Shapiro E, Melamed J, Taouli B, Stifelman MD, Lepor H. Management of localized prostate cancer and an incidental ...
"Identification of novel single nucleotide substitutions in the NKp30 gene expressed in human natural killer cells". Tissue ... Cancer Res. 8 (3): 636-40. PMID 11895890. Holzinger I, de Baey A, Messer G, et al. (1995). "Cloning and genomic ... NCR3 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article incorporates text from ... Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCR3 gene. NCR3 has also been ...
"A novel secreted tumor antigen with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored structure ubiquitously expressed in human cancers ... Tissue Antigens. 61 (5): 335-43. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00070.x. PMID 12753652. Onda H, Ohkubo S, Shintani Y, Ogi K, ... Steinle A, Li P, Morris DL, Groh V, Lanier LL, Strong RK, Spies T (2001). "Interactions of human NKG2D with its ligands MICA, ... Cerwenka A, Lanier LL (May 2003). "NKG2D ligands: unconventional MHC class I-like molecules exploited by viruses and cancer". ...
Steinle A, Li P, Morris DL, Groh V, Lanier LL, Strong RK, Spies T (2001). "Interactions of human NKG2D with its ligands MICA, ... Cerwenka A, Lanier LL (May 2003). "NKG2D ligands: unconventional MHC class I-like molecules exploited by viruses and cancer". ... Tissue Antigens. 61 (5): 335-43. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00070.x. PMID 12753652. Eleme K, Taner SB, Onfelt B, Collinson LM ... GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000131019 - Ensembl, May 2017 "Human PubMed Reference:". Cosman D, Müllberg J, Sutherland CL ...
... does not cause DNA damage that can lead to cancer. Its only consistently observed biological effect in humans is tissue heating ... In animal studies, it has not been found to cause cancer or to enhance the cancer-causing effects of known chemical carcinogens ... The majority of human studies have failed to find a link between cell phone use and cancer. In 2011 a World Health Organization ... a b c What has research shown about the possible cancer-causing effects of radiofrequency energy?, United States National ...
BMC Cancer. 6: 186. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-6-186. PMC 1538620 . PMID 16836752. "Entrez Gene: CLDN20 claudin 20". Human CLDN20 ... expression in normal and neoplastic tissues". ... Claudin-20 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN20 ... 2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ... 2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6". Nature. 425 (6960): 805-11. doi:10.1038/nature02055. PMID ...
"Cadherin cell-adhesion molecules in human epithelial tissues and carcinomas". Cancer Research. 49 (8): 2128-33. PMID 2702654. ... CDH3 human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser. CDH3 human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.. ... Rufas O, Fisch B, Ziv S, Shalgi R (Feb 2000). "Expression of cadherin adhesion molecules on human gametes". Molecular Human ... its low expression in human placental tissues". The Journal of Cell Biology. 109 (4 Pt 1): 1787-94. doi:10.1083/jcb.109.4.1787 ...
Naguib FN, el Kouni MH, Cha S (1985). "Enzymes of uracil catabolism in normal and neoplastic human tissues". Cancer Res. 45 (11 ... "A novel gene family defined by human dihydropyrimidinase and three related proteins with differential tissue distribution". ... 2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ... Dihydropyrimidinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DPYS gene. Dihydropyrimidinase catalyzes the conversion of 5, ...
Naguib FN, el Kouni MH, Cha S (1985). "Enzymes of uracil catabolism in normal and neoplastic human tissues". Cancer Res. 45 (11 ... Beta-ureidopropionase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UPB1 gene. This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the ... 2005). "A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome". Genome Biol. 5 (10): R84. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-10- ... 2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ...
Several human genetic disorders are associated with mutations in gap junction genes. Many of those affect the skin because this ... Tissues in this section have well known functions observed to be coordinated by gap junctions with inter-cellular signaling ... An indication of what results from reduction or absence of gap junctions may be indicated by analysis of cancers or the aging ... Gap junctions appear to be in all animal organs and tissues and it will be interesting to find exceptions to this other than ...
ISBN 0-13-041696-7. Palsson, Bernhard; Masters, John C. (1999). Cancer cell lines. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0- ... His research interests include metabolic network modelling, systems biology, tissue engineering and cell culture, the ... "A community-driven global reconstruction of human metabolism". Nature Biotechnology. 31 (5): 419-425. doi:10.1038/nbt.2488. PMC ... Bhatia, Sangeeta; Palsson, Bernhard (2004). Tissue engineering. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. ...
It is also amplified in solid tumor cell lines, and may be involved in human cancer. Two alternatively spliced transcript ... This gene is ubiquitously expressed in adult tissues. ... MLL4 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine ... Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 4, also known as MLL4, is a human gene. This gene encodes a protein which contains ... 2000). "MLL2, the second human homolog of the Drosophila trithorax gene, maps to 19q13.1 and is amplified in solid tumor cell ...
"Human BLCAP transcript: new editing events in normal and cancerous tissues". International Journal of Cancer. 127 (1): 127-37. ... Bladder cancer and Colorectal cancer when compared with the relevant normal tissues. HEK 293t cells transfected with either ... Bladder cancer-associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BLCAP gene. BLCAP was identified using a ... The human BLCAP gene is composed of two exons which are separated by an intron. Exon 1 of the gene encodes a 5′ sequence of the ...
In humans, CD27 is a good marker for plasma cells, naive B cells are CD27-, memory B-cells are CD27+ and plasma cells are ... Plasmacytoma, multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia and plasma cell leukemia are malignant neoplasms ("cancer") of ... Connective tissue cells. Hidden categories: *All articles with unsourced statements. *Articles with unsourced statements from ... Federico Caligaris-Cappio; Manlio Ferrarini (1997). Human B Cell Populations (Chemical Immunology) (v. 67). S. Karger AG ( ...
Characterization of human frataxin missense variants in cancer tissues. - PubMed - NCBICharacterization of human frataxin missense variants in cancer tissues.. Petrosino M1,2,3, Pasquo A4, Novak L1, Toto A1,5,6, ... cancer tissues; human frataxin; missense variants; protein folding; protein stability; protein variants; single amino acid ... In this study, we selected, from COSMIC database, the somatic human frataxin missense variants found in cancer tissues p.D104G ... as well as the molecular dynamics of the frataxin missense variants found in cancer tissues point to local changes confined to ...
Immunogenicity and MuMTV-like Antigenicity of Human Breast Cancer Tissues | SpringerLinkBreast Cancer Breast Cancer Patient Mammary Tumor Breast Cancer Tissue Mammary Carcinogenesis These keywords were added by ... Effect of murine milk samples and human breast tissues on human leukocyte migration indices, Cancer Res. 34: 1054.PubMedGoogle ... Distinctive protein components of human breast cancer tissues: MuMTV-like properties, Cancer Res., in press.Google Scholar ... Prognostically favorable immunogens of human breast cancer tissue: Antigenic similarity to murine mammary tumor virus, Cancer ...
NCI's Cooperative Human Tissue Network - National Cancer InstituteOne of NCIs longest running biospecimen programs is the Cooperative Human Tissue Network, a resource mainly for basic ... Quality biospecimens are a foundational resource for cancer research. ... Human biospecimens, as any cancer researcher will tell you, are a foundational resource in basic and clinical cancer research. ... NCIs Cooperative Human Tissue Network was originally published by the National Cancer Institute." ...
Detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus in breast cancer tissues from Iraqi patients... ... of cancer cases respectively. Only 3 benign breast tumour tissues (12.5%) and none of the healthy breast tissue specimens ... In the breast cancer group, cocktail HPV genotypes were detected in 60 (46.5%) archived tissue blocks. Of these, genotypes 16 ... ABSTRACT Studies have suggested a possible link between breast cancer pathogenesis and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. ...
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Jan;77(2):157-65. Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt ... Functional expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in human breast cancer tissue.. Upadhyay G1, Singh R, Agarwal G, Mishra ... has also been demonstrated in extra-thyroidal tissues including lactating mice mammary gland and also in human breast cancers. ... The aim of the present study was to investigate NIS expression, in vivo iodine transport ability and fate of iodine in human ...
Elevated Levels of G-Quadruplex Formation in Human Stomach and Liver Cancer Tissues... of G-quadruplex-positive nuclei in human cancers of the liver and stomach as compared to background non-neoplastic tissue. Our ... can be used to stain DNA G-quadruplex structures in patient-derived tissues using immunohistochemistry. We observe a ... and measured in patient-derived material and that elevated G-quadruplex formation may be a characteristic of some cancers. ... Four-stranded G-quadruplex DNA secondary structures have recently been visualized in the nuclei of human cultured cells. Here, ...
Cadherin Cell-Adhesion Molecules in Human Epithelial Tissues and Carcinomas | Cancer ResearchCancer Research Online ISSN: 1538-7445. Cancer Research Print ISSN: 0008-5472. Journal of Cancer Research ISSN: 0099-7013. ... Cadherin Cell-Adhesion Molecules in Human Epithelial Tissues and Carcinomas. Yutaka Shimoyama, Setsuo Hirohashi, Shinji Hirano ... Cadherin Cell-Adhesion Molecules in Human Epithelial Tissues and Carcinomas. Yutaka Shimoyama, Setsuo Hirohashi, Shinji Hirano ... Cadherin Cell-Adhesion Molecules in Human Epithelial Tissues and Carcinomas. Yutaka Shimoyama, Setsuo Hirohashi, Shinji Hirano ...
The prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is assessed through conventional clinicopathological parameters, which ... The human kallikrein gene family: new biomarkers for ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Res. 2009;149:165-87.PubMedCrossRefGoogle ... Evaluation and prognostic significance of human tissue kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) in colorectal cancer. ... Clinical significance of human kallikrein gene 6 messenger RNA expression in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:2889- ...
A Human Protein Atlas for Normal and Cancer Tissues Based on Antibody Proteomics | Molecular & Cellular ProteomicsEach antibody was used to screen a multitude of normal human tissues and cancer tissue from individually different tumors. ... Some Examples of Cancer Tissue Profiles-. In Fig. 7, some examples of cancer tissue profiles selected from the protein atlas ... The summary page for cancer profiles. Two examples of summary pages for cancer tissue profiles in 20 different cancer types are ... protein expression patterns in a multitude of normal human tissues and cancer tissues representing the 20 most prevalent cancer ...
Tissue-Specific Human cDNA, Cancer and Cell LinePremade cDNA from human cancer tissues and cell lines. Very pure, double-stranded cDNA synthesized from premium, high quality ... Tissue-Specific Human cDNA, Cancer & Cell Line. QUICK-Clone cDNAs are premade double-stranded cDNA from which you can amplify a ... Products , cDNA_Synthesis_and_Library_Construction , cDNA_and_Genomic_DNA , Tissue-Specific_cDNA , Human_Cancer_and_Cell_Line. ... Synthesized from premium, high quality poly A+ RNA prepared from cancer tissues and various cancer cell lines using an oligo(dT ...
Light-based Probe 'Sees' Early Cancers in First Tests on Human Tissue | MedgadgetLight-based Probe Sees Early Cancers in First Tests on Human Tissue. March 27th, 2007 Josh Umbehr Oncology ... "Being able to detect pre-cancer in epithelial tissues would therefore help prevent all types of cancer by catching it early, ... We could detect pre-cancer in the esophagus and distinguish it from normal tissue like you would find in the stomach.". The fa/ ... In its first laboratory tests on human tissue, a light-based probe built by researchers at Duke Universitys Pratt School of ...
Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in normal and malignant human tissues.. D A Silver, I Pellicer, W R Fair, W D ... Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in normal and malignant human tissues.. D A Silver, I Pellicer, W R Fair, W D ... Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in normal and malignant human tissues.. D A Silver, I Pellicer, W R Fair, W D ... Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in normal and malignant human tissues. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded ...
GSE133206 RNA-seq of human normal lung and lung cancer tissue... next-generation sequencing analysis of RNA extracted from cancer and normal lung tissue was performed.... ... Homo sapiensIn order to identify divergent transcripts involved in cancer development, ... eg.(cancer,cancers)(cervical,cervix)!("Squamous cell carcinoma",SCC). will return records where either the words cancer or ... In the present study, the function of NLK in human non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated. Immunohistochemical ...
Human Endometrium Cancer Paraffin Tissue MicroarrayHome -, Tissue Related -, Human Endometrium Cancer -, Paraffin Tissue Microarray Paraffin Tissue Microarray For Verifying ... Human Endometrial cancer tissue array, normal/benign (5 cases) and cancer (97 cases with grading and TNM staging data) tissues ... Human Endometrial cancer tissue array, normal/benign (5 cases) and cancer (97 cases with grading and TNM staging data) tissues ... Human Endometrial cancer tissue array, one normal paired with two tumor tissue cores from each patient, with grading and TNM ...
Home -, Tissue Related -, Human Nasopharynx Cancer -, Paraffin Tissue Microarray Paraffin Tissue Microarray For Verifying ... of your interest in the Tissue Related Overview list. Multi Species Tissue Products, Control Tissue Microarrays, and Tissue ... Tissue-specific Products. Select from a large variety of tissue-specific products from many species including human (adult & ... Up to 128 individual human tissues, either tumor samples or non neoplastic tissue samples, are delivered on a single slide. ...
Human breast and prostate tissue specimens were obtained from the Co-operation Human Tissue Network (CHTN) and the National ... Stokes shift spectroscopic analysis of multifluorophores for human cancer detection in breast and prostate tissues. ... the S3 technique has received increasing interest for diagnostics of different types of cancers in human tissues.8,9 ... "Stokes shift spectroscopic analysis of multifluorophores for human cancer detection in breast and prostate tissues," Journal of ...
Cancer Research Online ISSN: 1538-7445. Cancer Research Print ISSN: 0008-5472. Journal of Cancer Research ISSN: 0099-7013. ... in homogenates of cancer and normal tissue aliquots obtained from human cervix, endometrium, ovary, breast, and lung were ... Cellular Binding Proteins for Vitamin A in Human Carcinomas and in Normal Tissues. Prabhudas R. Palan and Seymour L. Romney ... Cellular Binding Proteins for Vitamin A in Human Carcinomas and in Normal Tissues ...
Phase 1b Food Based Modulation of Biomarkers in Human Tissues at High-Risk for Oral Cancer. - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials...Oral Cancer Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Laryngeal Cancer Sinus Cancer Hypopharyngeal Cancer Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer With ... Phase 1b Food Based Modulation of Biomarkers in Human Tissues at High-Risk for Oral Cancer.. This study is ongoing, but not ... Stage 0 Laryngeal Cancer Stage 0 Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Stage 0 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Stage 0 Oropharyngeal Cancer Stage 0 ... Food-Based Modulation of Biomarkers in Human Tissues at High-Risk for Oral Cancer. ...
Oral Cancer Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Hypopharyngeal Cancer Tongue Cancer Sinus Cancer Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer With ... Phase 1b Food Based Modulation of Biomarkers in Human Tissues at High-Risk for Oral Cancer.. The safety and scientific validity ... Stage 0 Laryngeal Cancer Stage 0 Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Stage 0 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Stage 0 Oropharyngeal Cancer Stage 0 ... Food-Based Modulation of Biomarkers in Human Tissues at High-Risk for Oral Cancer. ...
Overall, these findings emphasize the linkage between breast specific epigenetic regulation and tissue specificity of cancer. ... It is suggested that tissue differentiation, mediated mostly by epigenetic modifications, could guide tissue-specific ... Thus, the tissue of origin reflects on the natural history of the disease and dictates the therapeutic approach. ... A number of these genes also showed methylation alterations in breast cancers. We elaborated on one of them, TRIM29 (ATDC), and ...
BPA increases risk of cancer in human prostate tissue - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com... increases the risk for prostate cancer in human prostate tissue," Prins said. "The findings of adverse effects of BPA in human ... increases the risk for prostate cancer in human prostate tissue," Prins said. "The findings of adverse effects of BPA in human ... BPA increases risk of cancer in human prostate tissue. Sharon Parmet January 2, 2014 ... including prostate cancer, in rodent models. The new findings show that human prostate tissue is also susceptible. ...
Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from the adipose tissue into carcinoma-associated myofibroblasts in interaction with ... human breast cancer cells. [Constantin Jotzu; Andreas Jung] ... myofibroblasts in interaction with human breast cancer cells. ... mesenchymal stem cells from the adipose tissue into carcinoma-associated myofibroblasts in interaction with human breast cancer ... mesenchymal stem cells from the adipose tissue into carcinoma-associated myofibroblasts in interaction with human breast cancer ...
A nonsaponification method for the determination of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols in solid human tissues.. Y M Peng, ... There has been an increasing interest in the measurement of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols in human tissues because ... A nonsaponification method for the determination of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols in solid human tissues. ... A nonsaponification method for the determination of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols in solid human tissues. ...
Human Larynx and Pharynx Tissue MicroArray (Cancer) (NBP2-30270): Novus BiologicalsCancer). Analyze up to 100 tissues on the same slide. Backed by our 100% Guarantee. ... Human Larynx and Pharynx Tissue MicroArray (Cancer) Summary. Description. Microarray Panel:. Larynx and pharynx cancer No. of ... Hematoxylin & Eosin Stain: Human Larynx and Pharynx Tissue MicroArray (Cancer) [NBP2-30270] - 16. Soft tissue, neck, squamous ... Hematoxylin & Eosin Stain: Human Larynx and Pharynx Tissue MicroArray (Cancer) [NBP2-30270] - 18. Soft tissue, neck squamous ...
Frontiers | Human Mast Cells From Adipose Tissue Target and Induce Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells | ImmunologyWe report here the generation of functional human mast cells from adipose tissue. The adipose-derived mast cells are ... We report here the generation of functional human mast cells from adipose tissue. The adipose-derived mast cells are ... when incubated with HER2/neu-positive human breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3). Importantly, the HER2/neu IgE-sensitized adipose- ... when incubated with HER2/neu-positive human breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3). Importantly, the HER2/neu IgE-sensitized adipose- ...
BiomarkersMRNAEpithelial cellsProteinsClinicalImmunohistochemistryPancreaticLung cancerBenignDiagnosisMicroarraysBiologicalThyroidAdiposeOrgansBreast cancerDifferent types of cancersTumour tissuesAntigensLiverNeoplastic tissuesCarcinomaPrognosticLymphSamplesCharacterizationConnective tissueMiceOncologyCellProstate tissueAntibodiesMutationsBiomarkerEpitheliumMolecularAdjacentStudyMucosal
- Quality biospecimens are critical to achieving the type of progress envisioned by both of these initiatives, whether it's for conducting genomic analyses that will allow us to better understand cancer progression, discovering and validating biomarkers that can predict prognosis or response to therapy, or identifying new targets for therapy. (cancer.gov)
- Members of the human kallikrein-related peptidases gene family represent potential cancer biomarkers. (springer.com)
- Clements JA, Willemsen NM, Myers SA, Dong Y. The tissue kallikrein family of serine proteases: functional roles in human disease and potential as clinical biomarkers. (springer.com)
- Utility of kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) as cancer biomarkers. (springer.com)
- Based on a study in hamsters, Wax and Duke postdoctoral researcher Kevin Chalut reported in the February 2007 issue of Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention that the technique might also be used in the identification of early lung cancer. (medgadget.com)
- This study indicates that the changes of relative contents of tryptophan and collagen in tissue shown by the S3 spectra may present potential native biomarkers for breast and prostate cancer detection. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- Phase 1b Food Based Modulation of Biomarkers in Human Tissues at High-Risk for Oral Cancer. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Thank you for sharing this Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention article. (aacrjournals.org)
- Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) -1, -2 and -3 are significantly upregulated and were reported as biomarkers in gastric cancer (GC). (hindawi.com)
- Our results suggest that neutrophil secreted peptides, HNPs 1-3, increased in the GC tissues and could be used as potential biomarkers detected using MALDI-TOF MS, implying that elevated neutrophils may be used as a tumor target for tumor treatment. (hindawi.com)
- To increase the life expectancy of patients with breast cancer new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and drug targets must be identified. (jcancer.org)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) offer great potential as cancer biomarkers. (biomedcentral.com)
- The purpose of our study is to systematically assess the expression of miRNAs in cancer tissue and matched plasma samples and to evaluate their usefulness as minimally invasive diagnostic biomarkers for the detection of CRC. (biomedcentral.com)
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membranous vesicles secreted by all cells, are a promising potential source for cancer biomarkers, but new methods are required that are both sensitive and specific for cancer identification. (elsevier.com)
- This study demonstrates the ability to detect fusion transcripts as biomarkers from archival FFPE tissues, and the potential prognostic value of the fusion transcripts detected. (rna-seqblog.com)
- The common interest in the field of lung cancer research is the identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis and accurate prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- The results of this meta-analysis of human lung cancer microRNA expression profiling studies might provide some clues of the potential biomarkers in lung cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
- The common interest in the field of lung cancer research is the identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis and accurate prognosis [ 5 , 6 ], and the general starting point is to compare the gene expression profiles between lung cancer tissues and noncancerous/normal lung tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, these specific biomarkers are of limited use for general cancer screening. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cancer biomarkers provide diagnostic and prognostic information on diseases that enable interventions with the appropriate therapeutic agents and early decisions for correction of cancer therapy. (exp-oncology.com.ua)
- Furthermore, cancer biomarkers are used as targets for immunotherapy with corresponding monoclonal antibodies, such as ErbB2/Herceptin. (exp-oncology.com.ua)
- Tan OL, Whitbread AK, Clements JA, Dong Y. Kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) family mRNA variants and protein isoforms in hormone-related cancers: do they have a function? (springer.com)
- In this study, qRT-PCR screening of mouse tissues determined that Muc4 mRNA also was robustly expressed in mouse uteri. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Expression of mRNA for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) was almost undetectable in KKLS cells. (nih.gov)
- Castration reduces VEGF mRNA expression in benign prostate tissue and generally in those prostate tumours where castration also induces tumour cell apoptosis. (diva-portal.org)
- Methods As an initial validation, paraffin-embedded prostatectomy specimen blocks with both normal and malignant prostate tissue were analysed for CHKA protein and mRNA expression by western blot and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. (bmj.com)
- There was minimal qRT-PCR detectable CHKA mRNA in normal tissue, and conversely high expression in malignant prostate tissues. (bmj.com)
- In this study we investigated the expression of PRL - 3 mRNA in fresh-frozen samples from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy because of prostate cancer (PC) and the biological function of PRL-3 in prostate cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- PRL-3 mRNA was expressed to a greater extent in prostate cancer tissue compared to normal prostate tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
- Aim: The objectives of this research were to determine the expression pattern and level of PBR mRNA in various types of human normal and cancer tissues and to isolate the PBR protein. (wits.ac.za)
- The purpose of the present study was to examine the expression status of PSCA protein and mRNA in clinical specimens of human prostate cancer (Pca) and to validate it as a potential molecular target for diagnosis and treatment of Pca. (biomedcentral.com)
- In order to examine the status of PSCA protein and mRNA expression in human Pca and validate it as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for Pca, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) simultaneously, and conducted PSCA protein and mRNA expression analyses in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n = 20), prostate intraepithelial neoplasm (PIN, n = 20) and prostate cancer (Pca, n = 48). (biomedcentral.com)
- We have previously reported that matrilysin mRNA is overexpressed in colorectal cancers. (bmj.com)
- 9 11 13-21 Although matrilysin mRNA has been reported to increase with advancing colon cancer stage, 22 23 matrilysin protein has not been studied. (bmj.com)
- We recently discovered a novel CD44 mRNA isoform in human papillary thyroid cancers featuring a junction between subsegments of exons 4 and 13 (v8). (cloudfront.net)
- The PCR product from one of the breast cancers was cloned, and sequence analysis revealed a novel mRNA isoform featuring a junction between exon 3 and an internal site within exon 13 (v8). (cloudfront.net)
- These results show that human thyroid and breast tissues contain novel CD44 mRNA isoforms featuring unusual rearrangements at repeated sequences. (cloudfront.net)
- The vast majority of cancers start in the body's epithelial cells, which line the mucous membranes in the lungs, esophagus and gut. (medgadget.com)
- Transforming growth factor (ß1TGFß1) can promote proliferation in late stage cancers but acts as a tumor suppressor in normal epithelial cells and in early stage cancers. (ebscohost.com)
- Vibrational Raman signatures of acetylation and methylation processes in epithelial cells of human breast tissue (ductal and lobular carcinoma) have been used to identify and discriminate structures in normal and cancerous tissues. (rsc.org)
- In prostate cancer, normal citrate-producing glandular secretory epithelial cells undergo a metabolic transformation to malignant citrate-oxidizing cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Epithelial tissue is made up of sheets of epithelial cells called epithelium . (cancer.ca)
- Epithelial tissue includes glands that are also made up of epithelial cells, like the thyroid. (cancer.ca)
- While in healthy and BPH tissues PAC 1 -R positive staining is present in all the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the acini and in some stromal cells (mostly in the apical portion of the cells), in PCa tissues, anti-PAC 1 -R antibody stained the apical portion of the cells. (elsevier.com)
- In normal tissues, IDO1 was expressed by endothelial cells in the placenta and lung and by epithelial cells in the female genital tract. (aacrjournals.org)
- Here, we report increased expression of ROCK 1 in pancreatic tumor epithelial cells as well as in cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Evidence has been presented that TFF3 isolated from milk strongly correlates with downregulation of IL-6 and IL-8 in human intestinal epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
- During lactation, TFF3 secreted in human milk may activate intestinal epithelial cells through PAR-2 receptors, which in turn induces hBD2 and hBD4 expression and cytokine regulation. (wikipedia.org)
- Human frataxin is an iron-binding protein involved in the mitochondrial iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters assembly, a process fundamental for the functional activity of mitochondrial proteins. (nih.gov)
- Here we report a new publicly available database containing, in the first version, ∼400,000 high resolution images corresponding to more than 700 antibodies toward human proteins. (mcponline.org)
- Our results suggest it should be possible to extend this analysis to the majority of all human proteins thus providing a valuable tool for medical and biological research. (mcponline.org)
- The results are presented as a publicly available protein atlas database, and the data suggest that it should be possible to extend this analysis to most or all human proteins. (mcponline.org)
- Tissue Arrays can also be used for the characterization of antibodies and for the tissue specific expression profiling of proteins and genes in situ. (biocat.com)
- Blinded analyses of the concentrations of binding proteins for retinol and retinoic acid (CRABP) in homogenates of cancer and normal tissue aliquots obtained from human cervix, endometrium, ovary, breast, and lung were carried out by the sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation technique. (aacrjournals.org)
- There were no significant differences between the log-mean concentrations of cellular retinol-binding proteins in the cytosols from tissue aliquots of carcinoma of the cervix and those in the cytosols from tissue aliquots of normal cervix. (aacrjournals.org)
- Solid tissues are first incubated in a collagenase solution, homogenized, then incubated in a protease solution, followed by precipitation of tissue proteins and extraction with hexane. (aacrjournals.org)
- The results presented in the paper provide strong evidence that the global acetylation level of histone and non-histone proteins increases in human breast cancer cells. (rsc.org)
- The newly formed bone was largely humanized, as indicated by the incorporation of human bone cells and human-derived matrix proteins. (biologists.org)
- Our hydrogel is well positioned to replicate aspects of the complex mixture of proteins and glycans that embeds and supports cells, and can also be manipulated to mimic ECM stiffness (breast density) which is a key predictor of DCIS recurrence and primary invasive breast cancer development. (nc3rs.org.uk)
- The proteins and glycans will then be combined to generate a panel of 6 bespoke hydrogel environments modelling the range of tissue types. (nc3rs.org.uk)
- Among the identified glycosylated proteins are alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, calmodulin, and superoxide dismutase mitochondrial precursor that were further verified by Western blotting for both ER+ and ER- human breast tissues. (jcancer.org)
- Various studies have shown that the disruption of components of this control pathway, either by the activation of positive acting components such as cyclin D1 and Cdk4 or by the inactivation of negative components such as the tumor suppressor proteins pRb and p16, can lead to the loss of growth control underlying the development of various forms of human cancer ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
- Two of the proteins in this family are exclusively or predominantly expressed in the prostate, as well as in prostate cancer, and thus members of this family have been termed "STEAP" (Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate). (freepatentsonline.com)
- The human STEAPs exhibit a high degree of structural conservation among them but show no significant structural homology to any known human proteins. (freepatentsonline.com)
- These tissue sections are designed to localize genes or proteins in human tumor tissues/cells. (insightbio.com)
- A team of scientists led by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and the University of Texas at Austin have harnessed Escherichia coli bacteria to help discover human proteins that can initiate DNA damage, and which may play a role in triggering cells to become cancerous. (genengnews.com)
- One way proteins can cause DNA damage is by being overproduced, which is a relatively frequent cellular event," commented Susan M. Rosenberg, PhD, Ben F. Love chair in cancer research and professor of molecular and human genetics, of molecular virology and microbiology and of biochemistry and molecular biology at Baylor, who is co-corresponding author of the researchers' published paper in Cell . (genengnews.com)
- In this study, we set out to uncover proteins that, when overproduced by the cell, cause damage to DNA in ways that can lead to cancer. (genengnews.com)
- One way of discovering which proteins can promote DNA damage is to investigate protein overproduction, which is a major cancer driver, the researchers continued. (genengnews.com)
- Rather than try to identify human proteins directly, they turned to E.coli , and looked for bacterial proteins that, when overproduced, caused DNA damage in the bacterial cells. (genengnews.com)
- Given DNA biology conservation across life, proteins that promote spontaneous DNA damage may be conserved, and their identification could potentially inform strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, including cancer, aging, and pathogen evolution," the team stated. (genengnews.com)
- The team subsequently identified 284 human proteins with amino acid sequences similar to 58 of the E. coli DDPs, and which represented candidate human DDPs (hDDPs). (genengnews.com)
- They determined that the human DDPs were linked to cancer more often than a random set of proteins, while evaluation of protein and RNA data from resources including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) suggested that many of the human DDPs were linked with reduced patient survival and higher total tumor mutation loads in different types of cancer. (genengnews.com)
- Human biospecimens, as any cancer researcher will tell you, are a foundational resource in basic and clinical cancer research. (cancer.gov)
- The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of human tissue kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) by immunohistochemistry in CRC, to correlate this expression with various histopathological and clinical variables, and to evaluate its significance as a predictor of disease outcome. (springer.com)
- Personalized Cancer Genomics: The Road Map to Clinical Implementation. (springer.com)
- If the preliminary success of the "optical biopsy" is confirmed through clinical trials, such a device could ultimately provide a particular advantage for early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of many types of cancer, according to the researchers. (medgadget.com)
- Thank you for sharing this Clinical Cancer Research article. (aacrjournals.org)
- Message Body (Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Clinical Cancer Research. (aacrjournals.org)
- I. Determine the adherence of post-surgical head and neck (HN) cancer patients to clinical trial design expectations and define tolerability and potential adverse effects of long-term black raspberry administration in this patient cohort. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Since clinical tissue samples obtained for analysis are usually small in quantity, a sensitive analytical procedure that can simultaneously measure all the micronutrients of interest in one small piece of human tissue is necessary. (aacrjournals.org)
- There was negative correlation between the clinical stage and the mean level of 8-OHdG in DNA of breast cancer tissues. (nih.gov)
- To clarify its role in human cancer and provide clinical relevance to its signaling activities, we examined SnoN expression in normal and cancerous human esophageal, ovarian, pancreatic and breast tissues. (ebscohost.com)
- In the future, anti-cancer drug development is likely to use a combination of molecular, cell line, primary or early passage cell culture, and xenograft methods for lead optimisation before clinical trials are contemplated. (strath.ac.uk)
- Clinical Characteristics of the 16 Gastric Cancer Patients. (aacrjournals.org)
- Clinical applications of MALDI imaging technologies in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. (semanticscholar.org)
- Numerous clinical studies have shown that reduced p27 protein levels correlate with poor patient prognosis in human epithelial cancers arising in diverse sites, including the breast ( 9 - 11 ) and colon ( 12 ). (pnas.org)
- The recurrence of breast cancer remains the critical clinical events associated with breast cancer. (nature.com)
- Find here all the information related to anti-cancer agents as described in the ESMO Handbook on Clinical Pharmacology of Anti-Cancer Agents. (esmo.org)
- Organoids are invaluable pre-clinical models for studying cancer and offer many advantages over existing human or non-human animal cancer models. (atcc.org)
- HCMI is an international consortium that is dedicated to generating novel human tumor-derived culture models with associated genomic and clinical data. (atcc.org)
- Further mechanistic and external validation studies are needed for their clinical significance and role in the development of lung cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
- Then compared PSCA expression between BPH, PIN and Pca tissues and analysed the correlations of PSCA expression level with pathological grade, clinical stage and progression to androgen-independence in Pca. (biomedcentral.com)
- Canine cancers occur spontaneously, and have similar clinical presentation and pathophysiology to equivalent human cancers. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- This cover features the expression of Bim in clinical cancer samples by immunohistochemistry staining. (portlandpress.com)
- A large body of animal model, human epidemiological, and clinical intervention data indicates that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have chemopreventive activity against CRC. (aacrjournals.org)
- The ability to discover such events is crucial for cancer research and for clinical practice. (news-medical.net)
- We present an overview of current isolation, detection, and characterization methods of extracellular vesicles and their applications and limitations as a potential emerging biomarker in cancer management and their clinical implementation. (rsc.org)
- Pathophysiologic components and clinical patient response have shown that desmoplasia is a highly relevant feature to the survival of patients suffering from pancreatic cancer [ 12 ]. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- As part of our mission to eliminate cancer, MD Anderson researchers conduct hundreds of clinical trials to test new treatments for both common and rare cancers. (mdanderson.org)
- Clinical Cancer Research , 6 , 3657-3661. (elsevier.com)
- Therefore, DNA methylation is an ideal target for cancer diagnosis in clinical practice [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Ideally, as a non-invasive early screening tool, a liquid biopsy test should be able to detect many types of cancers and provide tumor location information for further specific clinical investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Pre-clinical and Phase 1 clinical trials with radiolabeled mAbs MX35 provided useful information on pharmacokinetics and tolerated dose in patients with ovarian cancer [1, (exp-oncology.com.ua)
- 8 ) showed that the combination of the cloning and expression of recombinant protein fragments with immunohistochemistry analysis could be used for systematic protein expression and subcellular localization describing distribution and expression of putative gene products in normal tissues as well as in common cancers and other forms of diseased tissues. (mcponline.org)
- A set of standardized TMAs was produced to allow for rapid screening of a multitude of different tissues and cell types using immunohistochemistry. (mcponline.org)
- Tissue Microarrays are modified microscopic glass slides with tissue samples providing adequate surface area for histologic evaluation by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH). (biocat.com)
- Their tissues of primary colorectal cancers, lymph nodes and liver metastases were collected to detect HGF and Met expression by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. (medsci.org)
- Immunohistochemistry was used to identify PRL-3 protein in prostate cancer primary tumor and corresponding lymph node metastases. (biomedcentral.com)
- The present study investigated the expression and distribution of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in different anatomical regions of the human stomach and in gastric neoplastic tissues by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies. (nus.edu.sg)
- In this study, we examined Skp2 and p27 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in normal oral epithelium and in different stages of malignant oral cancer progression, including dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. (pnas.org)
- PACAP and PAC 1 -R were localized by immunohistochemistry in the prostate tissue. (elsevier.com)
- In the last few years several molecular testing methodologies - such as immunohistochemistry, PCR, and sequencing - have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to aid in the management of patients with lung cancer. (genomeweb.com)
- We offer Breast Tissue Microarrays for use in common research applications: Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, In-situ Hybridization. (novusbio.com)
- Thus, we hypothesized that ROCKs may play a significant role in pancreatic cancer progression, and may serve as a suitable target for treatment. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- We report a low frequency (4/34) amplification of the ROCK1 gene locus at chromosome 18q11.1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patient tissue samples by aCGH analysis. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- In the KPC mouse model for pancreatic cancer, fasudil decreased tumor collagen deposition. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Overall, our data suggests that ROCK1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target to enhance current treatment regimens for pancreatic cancer. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- 22 ] tested the same rationale to diagnose pancreatic cancer, but fewer than 50% of the pancreatic cancer patients demonstrated a substantial excess of pancreas-originated cfDNA fragments compared with healthy subjects. (biomedcentral.com)
- More screening centers are needed to care for the high number of rural smokers at risk for lung cancer. (medworm.com)
- The levels of cathepsins in malignant and surrounding nonmalignant lung tissue were determined in 17 non-small cell lung cancer specimens. (aacrjournals.org)
- We performed transcriptomic profiling of tumor-infiltrating CTLs from treatment-naive patients with lung cancer to define the molecular features associated with the robustness of anti-tumor immune responses. (soton.ac.uk)
- also reported that β-lap effectively inhibited angiogenesis by suppressing tube formation and the invasion of HUVECs in vitro , and suppressed the growth and angiogenesis of human lung cancer xenografts in nude mice 18 . (nature.com)
- Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer death globally, it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and has one of the lowest survival rates of any type of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
- There is increasing evidence to suggest that microRNAs play important and complex roles in lung cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
- Spanish epidemiologists and geologists have found associations between esophageal cancer and soils where lead is abundant, lung cancer and terrains with increased copper content, brain tumor with areas rich in arsenic, and bladder cancer with high cadmium levels. (news-medical.net)
- They have found various associations, such as increased mortality in both genders from esophageal cancer in areas with higher concentrations of lead, and lung cancer in areas with high copper levels. (news-medical.net)
- In particular, the researchers identified complex indels in the gene EGFR , which is implicated in lung cancer. (news-medical.net)
- Viral particles are rarely demonstrable in human mammary tissues, benign or malignant. (springer.com)
- This study in Iraq used in situ hybridization to detect the frequency and genotyping of HPV in tissue specimens from 129 patients diagnosed with malignant breast cancer, 24 with benign breast tumours and 20 healthy controls. (who.int)
- Only 3 benign breast tumour tissues (12.5%) and none of the healthy breast tissue specimens were HPV-DNA-positive. (who.int)
- To determine the role of vascular response in the castration-induced regression of benign and malignant human prostate tissue, as recent studies show that castration rapidly decreases blood flow and induces endothelial cell death, which may be important for subsequent epithelial cell death and involution of the glandular tissue of the prostate. (diva-portal.org)
- Cancer diagnosis requires better screening of early stages of pathology and monitoring patient responses to treatment. (rsc.org)
- The study of naturally occurring cancers in the domestic dog provides a suitable model for advancement of the understanding, diagnosis and management of cancer in humans [ 1 - 4 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- The restricted genetic variation in many purebred dog breeds allows for easier identification of the genetic basis of disease, including cancers, and the shorter lifespan of dogs facilitates timely and efficient evaluation of new approaches to cancer diagnosis, treatment and prevention. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- Considering that non-invasive screening is usually the first step of cancer diagnosis, and could be associated with a fair ratio of false positives, such follow-up would be likely to increase the burden on the medical care system. (biomedcentral.com)
- 23 ] pioneered an approach of using nucleosome footprinting to predict the tissue of origin of the cfDNA, but its power in cancer diagnosis has not been demonstrated because only five plasma samples with high ctDNA burden were selected for testing from 44 late-stage cancer patients, and less than one half had their cancer types correctly predicted. (biomedcentral.com)
- BioCat also offers frozen Tissue Microarrays, which are a need when antibodies don´t work with paraffin embedded tissue. (biocat.com)
- Multi Species Tissue Products , Control Tissue Microarrays , and Tissue Microarray Services are also available. (biocat.com)
- Our Breast Tissue Microarrays can be used in a variety of model species: Human. (novusbio.com)
- Choose from our Breast Tissue Microarrays. (novusbio.com)
- Mavridis K, Scorilas A. Prognostic value and biological role of the kallikrein-related peptidases in human malignancies. (springer.com)
- This optimized protocol will contribute to biomarker discovery and biological studies of EVs in renal cancer. (elsevier.com)
- They selected 77 candidate fusions based on their biological relevance to cancer and supported 61% of these using TaqMan assays. (rna-seqblog.com)
- As part of our pledge to elevate biological models, ATCC is collaborating with the Human Cancer Models Initiative (HCMI) to offer scientists a wide variety of next-generation 2D and 3D patient-derived in vitro cancer models, including organoids. (atcc.org)
- Therefore, these discoveries suggest the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in human genetics and genomics studies. (crg.eu)
- Gonzalo López-Abente, another of the co-authors and also researcher at ISCIII, agrees: 'The conclusions move in the field of hypotheses and statistical associations, which will have to be confirmed with future analyzes to check whether the composition of the soil itself has its counterpart in the biological markers of humans. (news-medical.net)
- However, she noted, "although bacteria and people are different, their basic biological processes are similar, so with this approach we thought we might find common mechanisms of DNA damage that could be relevant to cancer. (genengnews.com)
- Background: Excess iodine inhibits thyroid follicular cell proliferation associated with TGFβ pathway activation, although thyroid cancers are frequently refractory to TGFβ signaling. (ebscohost.com)
- Novel CD44 messenger RNA isoforms in human thyroid and breast tissues feature unusual sequence rearrangements. (cloudfront.net)
- Levels of the novel isoform were up-regulated in 88% of the goiters, adenomas, and papillary cancers, but were undetectable in cases of thyroiditis and absent or low-level in four samples of normal thyroid tissue. (cloudfront.net)
- We report here the generation of functional human MC from adipose tissue. (frontiersin.org)
- ATMs) comprise tissue resident macrophages present in adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- The number of macrophages within adipose tissue differs depending on the metabolic status. (wikipedia.org)
- in 2003 at Columbia University, the percentage of macrophages within adipose tissue ranges from 10% in lean mice and humans up to 50% in extremely obese, leptin deficient mice and almost 40% in obese humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Increased number of adipose tissue macrophages correlates with increased adipose tissue production of proinflammatory molecules and might therefore contribute to the pathophysiological consequences of obesity (e.g. insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes). (wikipedia.org)
- Increased recruitment of macrophages into adipose tissue is multifactoral. (wikipedia.org)
- Adipocyte cell death observed within pathologically expanding adipose tissue is one of the factors. (wikipedia.org)
- Within adipose tissue, presence of dead adipocytes is a hallmark of obesity. (wikipedia.org)
- Adipose tissue macrophages isolated from obese patients express growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and proteolytic enzymes involved in the regulation of tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastatic spread, and resemble macrophages present in tumor stroma. (wikipedia.org)
- Acute weight loss is also associated with increased, yet transient recruitment of macrophages into adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- It has been shown in mice that adipose tissue macrophages regulate the age-related reduction of adipocyte lipolysis during ageing by lowering the bioavailability of noradrenaline. (wikipedia.org)
- Human (Normal and diseased), & Mouse, Rat, and Monkey Tissue arrays with normal organs are available from BioCat. (biocat.com)
- And different types of tissues make up organs, like the lungs or liver. (cancer.ca)
- For example, the organs in the digestive and respiratory systems all have passageways that are lined by epithelial tissue and are surrounded by layers of smooth muscle. (cancer.ca)
- Are micro and nanoplastics accumulating in human organs and tissues? (news-medical.net)
- Human tissues experience a variety of mechanical stimuli that can affect their ability to carry out their physiological functions, such as protecting organs from injury. (phys.org)
- Scientists in Massachusetts have converted a spinach leaf into a tiny, beating human heart muscle in an eerie experiment that might one day help doctors repair damaged organs. (fox61.com)
- And spinach may not be the only vegetable that could one day fix damaged human organs. (fox61.com)
- Nor do temporal or geographic variations in incidence rates of human breast cancer correlate with nursing habits (MacMahon et al . (springer.com)
- Host Defence in Breast Cancer ( B. A. Stoll, ed.), pp. 48-77, William Heinemann Medical Books, London. (springer.com)
- In the breast cancer group, cocktail HPV genotypes were detected in 60 (46.5%) archived tissue blocks. (who.int)
- The detection of high-oncogenic HPV genotypes in patients with breast cancer supports the hypothesis of an etiologic role for the virus in breast cancer development. (who.int)
- Breast Cancer Res Treat. (nih.gov)
- Importantly, the HER2/ neu IgE-sensitized ADMC induced breast cancer cell (SK-BR-3) death through apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
- Breast cancer cell apoptosis was observed after the addition of cell-free supernatants containing mediators released from FcεRI-challenged ADMC. (frontiersin.org)
- In order to estimate the level of oxidative damage and its role in breast cancer, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was determined in DNA isolated from human breast tissue. (nih.gov)
- The mean level of 8-OHdG in DNA of breast cancer tissues was 2.07 +/- 0.95 per 10(5) dG residues, while the mean level of 8-OHdG in DNA of non-cancerous breast tissues was 1.34 +/- 0.46 per 10(5) dG residues. (nih.gov)
- Furthermore, patients with genotype of high GSTP1 activity had lower level of 8-OHdG in DNA of breast cancer tissues than others. (nih.gov)
- On the contrary, the mean level of 8-OHdG in DNA of breast cancer tissues was higher among patients with genotype of high COMT activity. (nih.gov)
- At the same time, reduction of oxidative stress is thought to be a very important measure for primary prevention of breast cancer. (nih.gov)
- The skeleton is a preferred homing site for breast cancer metastasis. (biologists.org)
- In the presented study, we investigate the use of a human tissue-engineered bone construct to develop a humanized xenograft model of breast cancer-induced bone metastasis in a murine host. (biologists.org)
- After intracardiac injection, the dissemination of luciferase-expressing human breast cancer cell lines to the humanized bone ossicles was detected by bioluminescent imaging. (biologists.org)
- We aim to reduce the number of rodent models investigating the biology of the breast by developing a superior in vitro matrix incorporating bespoke human breast extracellular matrix (ECM) components, providing a robust culture model as the go-to platform for exploring the biology of the breast and breast cancer. (nc3rs.org.uk)
- We will use a combination of proteomics and glycomics to identify the key ECM components defining dense and non-dense breast tissue in normal, DCIS and invasive breast cancer conditions. (nc3rs.org.uk)
- Breast cancer is the second most fatal cancer in American women. (jcancer.org)
- Thus, glycoproteins in human breast cancer estrogen receptor positive (ER+) tissues and those in the more advanced stage of breast cancer, estrogen receptor negative (ER-) tissues, were compared. (jcancer.org)
- The use of tissue microdissection allowed the detection of allelic loss in this chromosomal region in human breast cancer at a much higher frequency than was previously recognized. (elsevier.com)
- These data, credential CaMKK2 as a myeloid-selective checkpoint, the inhibition of which may have utility in the immunotherapy of breast cancer. (nature.com)
- An integrated, cohort based strategy has been used in gFuse to examine single-end 50 base pair (bp) reads generated from FFPE RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) datasets employing two breast cancer cohorts of 136 and 76 patients. (rna-seqblog.com)
- 0.0005) in human breast cancer patients. (rna-seqblog.com)
- Every year, breast cancer causes over 500,000 deaths. (nature.com)
- Although encouraging progress has been made in recent years due to the development of targeted therapy, the prognosis for breast cancer remains poor due to invasion and metastasis. (nature.com)
- Therefore, extensive efforts are required to explore novel therapeutic targets to control the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer and to improve the quality of life among breast cancer patients. (nature.com)
- The goggles, which were tested in mice and women with breast cancer, have an integrated camera that can pick up infrared signals beneath the surface of the tissue. (breastmri.net)
- High concentrations of acetyl polyamines have been observed in human breast cancer compared with the equivalent normal tissue, however, no explanation as to the reason for the increases has been proposed. (elsevier.com)
- In this study, we show that changes in the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of acetyl polyamines occur in breast cancer tissue. (elsevier.com)
- 8 Most recently, the S3 technique has received increasing interest for diagnostics of different types of cancers in human tissues. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- In particular, 15.8 % of tumour tissues and 8.8 % of non-cancerous tissue samples were HPV DNA-positive. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Both antigens were detected in epithelial tissues, but they showed distributions that were distinct from each other. (aacrjournals.org)
- The antigen recognized by HECD-1 was expressed in almost all epithelial tissues, while distribution of the other one recognized by NCC-CAD-299 was restricted to the basal or lower layers of stratified epithelia in which both antigens were coexpressed. (aacrjournals.org)
- Synchronous liver metastasis (SLM) remains a significant problem in newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC). (medsci.org)
- 1 ] conducted a study on colorectal cancer, and found PRL-3 to be overexpressed in liver metastases, but not in the primary tumor nor the normal colon tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
- For example, the gene CYP450, linked to human drug metabolism in liver, was found to be sex-differentially expressed across multiple tissues. (crg.eu)
- Somatic mutations in human liver proves that some mutations can actually promote healing and improve liver functions. (medindia.net)
- Patients with this disease are at a greater risk of developing liver cancer . (medindia.net)
- Understanding liver mutations can help doctors understand and prevent the risk of liver cancers. (medindia.net)
- Neoplastic tissues showed greater amounts of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate compared to non-neoplastic tissues, while heparan sulphate was decreased in neoplastic tissues. (scielo.br)
- Any concurrent or previous malignancy within 5 years prior to enrollment except for basal or squamous skin cancer, or carcinoma in situ of the cervix, or other non-invasive/in-situ neoplasm, all of which must have been adequately and radically treated. (centerwatch.com)
- Human breast infiltrating duct carcinoma tissue array, triple tumor cores and single normal core per case with two placenta positive control spots and a negative control spot. (creative-bioarray.com)
- Tissue samples from neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal tissues were obtained from 64 operated patients who had colorectal carcinoma with no distant metastases. (scielo.br)
- An interlaboratory study to determine the presence of human papillomavirus DNA in esophageal carcinoma from China. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- highlight the role of SPZ1-Bim axis in cancer cell apoptosis and provide a possible prognostic marker or therapeutic target for cancer treatment. (portlandpress.com)
- HGF and Met may exert functions in the development of SLM when concurrent with lymph node metastases but had little influence on SLM without lymph node metastasis, further indicating their roles and potential values for a subtype of colorectal cancer metastasis. (medsci.org)
- Blood and lymph are also connective tissues. (cancer.ca)
- In addition, certified pathologists test the samples to confirm histologically that the tissues are what the investigator requested. (cancer.gov)
- The TMA technology provides an automated array-based high throughput technique where as many as 1000 paraffin-embedded tissue samples can be brought into one paraffin block in an array format. (mcponline.org)
- Up to 128 individual human tissues, either tumor samples or non neoplastic tissue samples, are delivered on a single slide. (biocat.com)
- The alterations of the measured S3 spectra between cancerous and normal tissues were observed in human breast and prostate samples. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- Prins found that a third of tissue samples taken from mice fed BPA had either pre-cancerous lesions or prostate cancer, compared to only 12 percent in a control group of mice fed oil. (healthcanal.com)
- Collagenase digestion facilitates homogenization, and protease digestion increases the extractable amounts of the micronutrients from certain tissue samples. (aacrjournals.org)
- In this study, paired samples ( n =33) of the GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues from the same patients were obtained from surgery. (hindawi.com)
- Five of them (miR-375, miR-150, miR-206, miR-125b and miR-126*) were chosen to be validated in plasma and tissue samples. (biomedcentral.com)
- miR-375 was significantly down-regulated and positively correlated in both tissue and plasma samples (r = 0.4663, p = 0.0007). (biomedcentral.com)
- This is in contrast to the down-regulation of ZIP1 zinc transporter in the malignant glands versus hyperplastic glands that exists in the same tissue samples. (biomedcentral.com)
- Tissue samples and monoclonal antibody. (exp-oncology.com.ua)
- Characterization of human frataxin missense variants in cancer tissues. (nih.gov)
- Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry showed characteristic disaccharide fragments from glycosaminoglycans, indicating their structural characterization in the tissues analyzed. (scielo.br)
- and the characterization of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for general cancer detection, without trying to predict specific cancer types. (biomedcentral.com)
- After the tissue was allowed to mature for one month, the mice were given estrogen to mimic the naturally rising estrogen levels seen in aging men. (healthcanal.com)
- Mice on trial: is xenografts using human tissue a better model of cancer than xenografts formed from cell lines? (ovid.com)
- Similarly, topically administered DFMO in an acetone vehicle dramatically reduced UVBinduced skin cancers in BALB/c mice. (aacrjournals.org)
- The team created two human-sized ear s that they implanted on mice. (fox61.com)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. (aacrjournals.org)
- The interdisciplinary field of comparative oncology offers a unique and strong opportunity to learn more about universal cancer risk and development through epidemiology, genetic and genomic investigations. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- As the field of genomics advances, we predict that comparative oncology will continue to benefit both humans and the animals that live among us. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- Comparative oncology is a quickly expanding field that examines both cancer risk and tumour development across species. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- This webinar will provide a first-hand look at how the Dana-Farber Cancer Center is adapting its oncology care strategy in light of the rapidly evolving molecular landscape. (genomeweb.com)
- Synthesized from premium, high quality poly A + RNA prepared from cancer tissues and various cancer cell lines using an oligo(dT) primer, QUICK-Clone cDNA is purified to remove residual RNA and size-selected to eliminate cDNA fragments smaller than 400 bp. (clontech.com)
- However, when you go down the road toward cancer, you get irregular and enlarged cell nuclei. (medgadget.com)
- MUC4, a transmembrane glycoprotein, interferes with cell adhesion, and promotes EGFR signaling in cancer. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- However, in human cancer cell lines with amplification of the snoN gene, a strong correlation between increased SnoN copy number and inactivation of p53 was detected, suggesting that the tumor suppressor SnoN-p53 pathway must be inactivated, either through downregulation of SnoN or inactivation of p53, in order to allow cancer cell to proliferate and survive. (ebscohost.com)
- The discovery of anti-cancer drugs has become dependent on cell lines, which are used to screen potential compounds for activity as well as to explore cancer biology. (strath.ac.uk)
- In most patients whose tumour tissue responded with VEGF reduction, there was a corresponding increase in tumour cell apoptosis. (diva-portal.org)
- In the present paper, using two lineage-related human melanoma cell lines, primary melanoma line IGR39 and its metastatic derivative line IGR37, two main observations are reported. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- We defined CXCR6 as a new biomarker for tissue-specific stem cell asymmetric self-renewal. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Namely, the retention of some tissue-specific stem cell attributes, like the ability to asymmetrically self-renew, impacts the natural history of human tumor development. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- We used the prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145 and a small molecular inhibitor of PRL-3 to investigate whether PRL-3 had a functional role in cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
- To address this issue, the in situ level of m-aconitase enzyme was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of prostate cancer tissue sections and malignant prostate cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
- To date, most studies of CaMKK2 in cancer have focused on its cancer cell intrinsic activities. (nature.com)
- There are 2 main cell types in neural tissue. (cancer.ca)
- Our data demonstrate that PSCA as a new cell surface marker is overexpressed by a majority of human Pca. (biomedcentral.com)
- Among the growing number of tools available for cancer studies, microfluidic systems have emerged as a promising analytical tool to elucidate cancer cell and tumor function. (rsc.org)
- Multiple signaling pathways and multiple cell types have been identified as central to the desmoplastic response in cancer. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- CancerLocator simultaneously infers the proportions and the tissue-of-origin of tumor-derived cell-free DNA in a blood sample using genome-wide DNA methylation data. (biomedcentral.com)
- The new findings show that human prostate tissue is also susceptible. (healthcanal.com)
- Our research provides the first direct evidence that exposure to BPA during development, at the levels we see in our day-to-day lives, increases the risk for prostate cancer in human prostate tissue," Prins said. (healthcanal.com)
- They arise during early fetal development and produce and maintain a man's prostate tissue throughout his life. (healthcanal.com)
- Compared to normal prostate tissue, the prostate cancer tissue expressed a significantly higher level of PRL - 3 . (biomedcentral.com)
- The examination of prostate tissue sections from prostate cancer subjects demonstrated that m-aconitase enzyme is present in the glandular epithelium of normal glands, hyperplastic glands, adenocrcinomatous glands, and prostatic intraepithelial neoplastic foci. (biomedcentral.com)
- Availability of these monoclonal antibodies to human P- and E-cadherin allowed us to examine their distributions in human tissues immunohistochemically. (aacrjournals.org)
- The development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against membrane ovarian cancer antigen MX35, which is overexpressed in 90% of ovarian cancers, is currently in progress. (exp-oncology.com.ua)
- said that they often view mutations mostly from the perspective of cancer-causing mutations but we still haven't quite figured out how some somatic mutations can actually promote tissue healing. (medindia.net)
- said that while cancer sequencing has become an established procedure, there is still the not set method for sequencing mutations in normal tissues. (medindia.net)
- According to Zhu, certain mutations occur in order to regenerate tissues during chronic injury and inflammation minus cancer-causing effects. (medindia.net)
- In the new study of 8,000 cancer cases, the investigators focused on mutations involving letters that are inserted at the same time that other letters are deleted. (news-medical.net)
- Damage to DNA can lead to spontaneous mutations that result in the development of cancer and genetic diseases, as well as underpinning evolution, the researchers explained. (genengnews.com)
- Cancer is a disease of mutations," Rosenberg commented. (genengnews.com)
- Therefore, plasma miR-375 holds great promise to be an alternative tissue biomarker for CRC detection. (biomedcentral.com)
- About 85 percent of all cancers start in the epithelium. (medgadget.com)
- In normal tissues, SnoN is expressed in both the epithelium and the surrounding stroma at a moderate level and is predominantly cytoplasmic. (ebscohost.com)
- In prostate cancer (PCa), malignancy develops mainly from the glandular epithelium of the prostate gland peripheral zone. (biomedcentral.com)
- The difference in preferred cleavage sites between the serous ovarian cancer tissues and normal ovarian epithelium indicates the characteristic peptidome of ovarian cancer and the nature of cancer-associated protease activity. (bioinfor.com)
- Our results are the first to identify the differentially expressed peptides between the serous ovarian cancer tissue and the normal ovarian epithelium. (bioinfor.com)
- The spectral properties, the thermodynamic and the kinetic stability, as well as the molecular dynamics of the frataxin missense variants found in cancer tissues point to local changes confined to the environment of the mutated residues. (nih.gov)
- BioCat cooperates with partners in Korea, USA, Estonia and Germany which are specialised in molecular pathology to offer you a complete selection of premade tissue arrays as well as tissue array related custom services. (biocat.com)
- Imaging MS combined with CE/MS serves as a method to provide semi-quantitative and spatial information of small molecular metabolites in tissue slices. (semanticscholar.org)
- This study aimed at detecting and characterizing HPV infection in 57 paired biopsies from colorectal cancers and adjacent intact tissues using a degenerate PCR approach. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The use of general primers GP5 and GP6 elongated at their 3′ ends with adjacent highly conserved sequences improves human papillomavirus detection by PCR. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Fetal exposure to a commonly used plasticizer found in products such as water bottles, soup can liners and paper receipts can increase the risk for prostate cancer later in life, according to a study from the University of Illinois at Chicago published Jan. 7 online in the journal Endocrinology. (healthcanal.com)
- However, not all metabolites including amino acids have fully been visualized, because of low-ionization efficiency in MALDI MS. This study aimed to acquire semi-quantitative spatial information for multiple amino acids in frozen tissue slices. (semanticscholar.org)
- Human papillomavirus is not associated with colorectal cancer in a large international study. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- These HCMI models are valuable tools to study cancer, identify and target novel therapies, and facilitate translational cancer research. (atcc.org)
- Topical DFMO for 6 months can reduce the number of AK lesions and skin spermidine concentrations in high-risk participants and deserves additional study as a skin cancer chemopreventive agent. (aacrjournals.org)
- The study was funded by Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT), Stand Up To Cancer, the Pollock Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and other donors to the Children's Medical Center Foundation. (medindia.net)
- Surgical goggles developed by researchers at the University of Illinois and Washington University are able to spot cancerous tissue where the human eye won't, a new study claims. (breastmri.net)
- human treatments based on the development are years away, study co-author Glenn Gaudette said. (fox61.com)
- Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses detected in raw sewages. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The nonhomologous IDO1 enzyme is expressed in the placenta, the mucosal and lymphoid tissues, and inflammatory lesions ( 2, 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)