Hormone replacement therapy. Medical search

Therapeutic use of hormones to alleviate the effects of hormone deficiency.

The use of hormonal agents with estrogen-like activity in postmenopausal or other estrogen-deficient women to alleviate effects of hormone deficiency, such as vasomotor symptoms, DYSPAREUNIA, and progressive development of OSTEOPOROSIS. This may also include the use of progestational agents in combination therapy.

The physiological period following the MENOPAUSE, the permanent cessation of the menstrual life.

Compounds that interact with PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of PROGESTERONE. Primary actions of progestins, including natural and synthetic steroids, are on the UTERUS and the MAMMARY GLAND in preparation for and in maintenance of PREGNANCY.

The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.

A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception.

Physiologic period, characterized by endocrine, somatic, and psychic changes with the termination of ovarian function in the female. It may also accompany the normal diminution of sexual activity in the male.

Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.

Procedures which temporarily or permanently remedy insufficient cleansing of body fluids by the kidneys.

A synthetic progestin that is derived from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is a long-acting contraceptive that is effective both orally or by intramuscular injection and has also been used to treat breast and endometrial neoplasms.

A pharmaceutical preparation containing a mixture of water-soluble, conjugated estrogens derived wholly or in part from URINE of pregnant mares or synthetically from ESTRONE and EQUILIN. It contains a sodium-salt mixture of estrone sulfate (52-62%) and equilin sulfate (22-30%) with a total of the two between 80-88%. Other concomitant conjugates include 17-alpha-dihydroequilin, 17-alpha-estradiol, and 17-beta-dihydroequilin. The potency of the preparation is expressed in terms of an equivalent quantity of sodium estrone sulfate.

Pregnenes with one double bond or more than three double bonds which have undergone ring contractions or are lacking carbon-18 or carbon-19..

Therapeutic replacement or supplementation of defective or missing enzymes to alleviate the effects of enzyme deficiency (e.g., GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE replacement for GAUCHER DISEASE).

The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.

The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects.

Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.

The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.

Steroidal compounds related to PROGESTERONE, the major mammalian progestational hormone. Progesterone congeners include important progesterone precursors in the biosynthetic pathways, metabolites, derivatives, and synthetic steroids with progestational activities.

The premature cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) when the last menstrual period occurs in a woman under the age of 40. It is due to the depletion of OVARIAN FOLLICLES. Premature MENOPAUSE can be caused by diseases; OVARIECTOMY; RADIATION; chemicals; and chromosomal abnormalities.

Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Steroid hormones produced by the GONADS. They stimulate reproductive organs, germ cell maturation, and the secondary sex characteristics in the males and the females. The major sex steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; and TESTOSTERONE.

A 191-amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR), also known as GH or somatotropin. Synthetic growth hormone, termed somatropin, has replaced the natural form in therapeutic usage such as treatment of dwarfism in children with growth hormone deficiency.

Excision of the uterus.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.

A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are generally estrogen or progesterone or both.

An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.

The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of women.

(6 alpha)-17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A synthetic progestational hormone used in veterinary practice as an estrus regulator.

A hydroxylated metabolite of ESTRADIOL or ESTRONE that has a hydroxyl group at C3, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During PREGNANCY, a large amount of estriol is produced by the PLACENTA. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol.

A synthetic progestational hormone with no androgenic or estrogenic properties. Unlike many other progestational compounds, dydrogesterone produces no increase in temperature and does not inhibit OVULATION.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Natural hormones secreted by the THYROID GLAND, such as THYROXINE, and their synthetic analogs.

The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.

The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.

Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.

Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations.

The transitional period before and after MENOPAUSE. Perimenopausal symptoms are associated with irregular MENSTRUAL CYCLE and widely fluctuated hormone levels. They may appear 6 years before menopause and subside 2 to 5 years after menopause.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

The period before MENOPAUSE. In premenopausal women, the climacteric transition from full sexual maturity to cessation of ovarian cycle takes place between the age of late thirty and early fifty.

An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.

Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

The mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the MENSTRUAL CYCLE and PREGNANCY. The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes that characterize MENSTRUATION. After successful FERTILIZATION, it serves to sustain the developing embryo.

A structurally diverse group of compounds distinguished from ESTROGENS by their ability to bind and activate ESTROGEN RECEPTORS but act as either an agonist or antagonist depending on the tissue type and hormonal milieu. They are classified as either first generation because they demonstrate estrogen agonist properties in the ENDOMETRIUM or second generation based on their patterns of tissue specificity. (Horm Res 1997;48:155-63)

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

6,17-Dimethylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione. A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of progesterone. It is used in the treatment of menstrual irregularities and has also been employed in the treatment of prostatic hypertrophy and endometrial carcinoma.

A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.

Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.

Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

Human females as cultural, psychological, sociological, political, and economic entities.

Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.

A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.

Radiographic examination of the breast.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

The period from onset of one menstrual bleeding (MENSTRUATION) to the next in an ovulating woman or female primate. The menstrual cycle is regulated by endocrine interactions of the HYPOTHALAMUS; the PITUITARY GLAND; the ovaries; and the genital tract. The menstrual cycle is divided by OVULATION into two phases. Based on the endocrine status of the OVARY, there is a FOLLICULAR PHASE and a LUTEAL PHASE. Based on the response in the ENDOMETRIUM, the menstrual cycle is divided into a proliferative and a secretory phase.

PLANT EXTRACTS and compounds, primarily ISOFLAVONES, that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-galactosides including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans, and galactolipids.

A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.

A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.

Specific proteins found in or on cells of progesterone target tissues that specifically combine with progesterone. The cytosol progesterone-receptor complex then associates with the nucleic acids to initiate protein synthesis. There are two kinds of progesterone receptors, A and B. Both are induced by estrogen and have short half-lives.

An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women.

The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Thyrotropin stimulates THYROID GLAND by increasing the iodide transport, synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). Thyrotropin consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH; LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE that contains triterpenoid saponins. Remifemin from C. racemosa is used to suppress LUTEINIZING HORMONE. It is reclassified by some to ACTAEA. The common name of black snakeroot is also used with ASARUM and SANICULA.

A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.

A sarcoma of the body of the uterus arising in older women, composed of more than one mesenchymal tissue, especially including striated muscle cells. It is associated with previous pelvic radiation exposure in 20% of patients. (Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1702)

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

Absence of menstruation.

The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.

An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

Variation in health status arising from different causal factors to which each birth cohort in a population is exposed as environment and society change.

Substances that possess antiestrogenic actions but can also produce estrogenic effects as well. They act as complete or partial agonist or as antagonist. They can be either steroidal or nonsteroidal in structure.

A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.

An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

In humans, one of the paired regions in the anterior portion of the THORAX. The breasts consist of the MAMMARY GLANDS, the SKIN, the MUSCLES, the ADIPOSE TISSUE, and the CONNECTIVE TISSUES.

An important aggregate factor in epidemiological studies of women's health. The concept usually includes the number and timing of pregnancies and their outcomes, the incidence of breast feeding, and may include age of menarche and menopause, regularity of menstruation, fertility, gynecological or obstetric problems, or contraceptive usage.

Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.

A glycoprotein migrating as a beta-globulin. Its molecular weight, 52,000 or 95,000-115,000, indicates that it exists as a dimer. The protein binds testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol in the plasma. Sex hormone-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN. They differ by their sites of synthesis and post-translational oligosaccharide modifications.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

The process which spontaneously arrests the flow of BLOOD from vessels carrying blood under pressure. It is accomplished by contraction of the vessels, adhesion and aggregation of formed blood elements (eg. ERYTHROCYTE AGGREGATION), and the process of BLOOD COAGULATION.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.

A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194)

The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.

A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.

Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the OVARIES and TESTES and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

A noninvasive method for assessing BODY COMPOSITION. It is based on the differential absorption of X-RAYS (or GAMMA RAYS) by different tissues such as bone, fat and other soft tissues. The source of (X-ray or gamma-ray) photon beam is generated either from radioisotopes such as GADOLINIUM 153, IODINE 125, or Americanium 241 which emit GAMMA RAYS in the appropriate range; or from an X-ray tube which produces X-RAYS in the desired range. It is primarily used for quantitating BONE MINERAL CONTENT, especially for the diagnosis of OSTEOPOROSIS, and also in measuring BONE MINERALIZATION.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).

A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Women licensed to practice medicine.

Compounds that interact with ANDROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of TESTOSTERONE. Depending on the target tissues, androgenic effects can be on SEX DIFFERENTIATION; male reproductive organs, SPERMATOGENESIS; secondary male SEX CHARACTERISTICS; LIBIDO; development of muscle mass, strength, and power.

An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.

The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).

Breaks in bones.

Items used to aid in ending a TOBACCO habit.

One of the ESTROGEN RECEPTORS that has marked affinity for ESTRADIOL. Its expression and function differs from, and in some ways opposes, ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BETA.

A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA.

A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.

Specific high affinity binding proteins for THYROID HORMONES in target cells. They are usually found in the nucleus and regulate DNA transcription. These receptors are activated by hormones that leads to transcription, cell differentiation, and growth suppression. Thyroid hormone receptors are encoded by two genes (GENES, ERBA): erbA-alpha and erbA-beta for alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors, respectively.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in females. Use for female contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.

Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An autosomal recessively inherited glycogen storage disease caused by GLUCAN 1,4-ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE deficiency. Large amounts of GLYCOGEN accumulate in the LYSOSOMES of skeletal muscle (MUSCLE, SKELETAL); HEART; LIVER; SPINAL CORD; and BRAIN. Three forms have been described: infantile, childhood, and adult. The infantile form is fatal in infancy and presents with hypotonia and a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CARDIOMYOPATHY, HYPERTROPHIC). The childhood form usually presents in the second year of life with proximal weakness and respiratory symptoms. The adult form consists of a slowly progressive proximal myopathy. (From Muscle Nerve 1995;3:S61-9; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp73-4)

Hormones secreted by the PITUITARY GLAND including those from the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), and the ill-defined intermediate lobe. Structurally, they include small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins. They are under the regulation of neural signals (NEUROTRANSMITTERS) or neuroendocrine signals (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) from the hypothalamus as well as feedback from their targets such as ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANDROGENS; ESTROGENS.

Replacement of the hip joint.

A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities. This growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on GROWTH HORMONE. It is believed to be mainly active in adults in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR II, which is a major fetal growth factor.

One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.

3-Phenylchromones. Isomeric form of FLAVONOIDS in which the benzene group is attached to the 3 position of the benzopyran ring instead of the 2 position.

Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.

Extracorporeal ULTRAFILTRATION technique without HEMODIALYSIS for treatment of fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances affecting renal, cardiac, or pulmonary function.

Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.

The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)

Replacement of the knee joint.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

A benign pituitary-region neoplasm that originates from Rathke's pouch. The two major histologic and clinical subtypes are adamantinous (or classical) craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma. The adamantinous form presents in children and adolescents as an expanding cystic lesion in the pituitary region. The cystic cavity is filled with a black viscous substance and histologically the tumor is composed of adamantinomatous epithelium and areas of calcification and necrosis. Papillary craniopharyngiomas occur in adults, and histologically feature a squamous epithelium with papillations. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch14, p50)

Patterns of practice related to diagnosis and treatment as especially influenced by cost of the service requested and provided.

The first MENSTRUAL CYCLE marked by the initiation of MENSTRUATION.

Hormones produced by the GONADS, including both steroid and peptide hormones. The major steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL and PROGESTERONE from the OVARY, and TESTOSTERONE from the TESTIS. The major peptide hormones include ACTIVINS and INHIBINS.

A glycosidase that hydrolyzes a glucosylceramide to yield free ceramide plus glucose. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to abnormally high concentrations of glucosylceramide in the brain in GAUCHER DISEASE. EC 3.2.1.45.

The periodic shedding of the ENDOMETRIUM and associated menstrual bleeding in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE of humans and primates. Menstruation is due to the decline in circulating PROGESTERONE, and occurs at the late LUTEAL PHASE when LUTEOLYSIS of the CORPUS LUTEUM takes place.

A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.

Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effect of exposure or risk is distorted because of its association with other factors influencing the outcome of the study.

Organized services to provide health care to women. It excludes maternal care services for which MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES is available.

Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.

A state in southeastern Australia. Its capital is Sydney. It was discovered by Captain Cook in 1770 and first settled at Botany Bay by marines and convicts in 1788. It was named by Captain Cook who thought its coastline resembled that of South Wales. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p840 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p377)

A lipoprotein that resembles the LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS but with an extra protein moiety, APOPROTEIN (A) also known as APOLIPOPROTEIN (A), linked to APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100 on the LDL by one or two disulfide bonds. High plasma level of lipoprotein (a) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.

Discontinuation of the habit of smoking, the inhaling and exhaling of tobacco smoke.

The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures.

Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to low density lipoproteins (LDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.

A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a short stalk which is called the INFUNDIBULUM.

A microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 17-alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone or pregnenolone and subsequent cleavage of the residual two carbons at C17 in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP17 gene, generates precursors for glucocorticoid, androgen, and estrogen synthesis. Defects in CYP17 gene cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL) and abnormal sexual differentiation.

One of the ESTROGEN RECEPTORS that has greater affinity for ISOFLAVONES than ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA does. There is great sequence homology with ER alpha in the DNA-binding domain but not in the ligand binding and hinge domains.

Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The surgical removal of one or both testicles.

The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.

Antineoplastic agents that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Hormone-sensitive tumors may be hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, or both. A hormone-dependent tumor regresses on removal of the hormonal stimulus, by surgery or pharmacological block. Hormone-responsive tumors may regress when pharmacologic amounts of hormones are administered regardless of whether previous signs of hormone sensitivity were observed. The major hormone-responsive cancers include carcinomas of the breast, prostate, and endometrium; lymphomas; and certain leukemias. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994, p2079)

Surgical removal or destruction of the hypophysis, or pituitary gland. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.

A species of the genus MACACA which typically lives near the coast in tidal creeks and mangrove swamps primarily on the islands of the Malay peninsula.

An arylsulfatase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 4-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate. A deficiency of this enzyme is responsible for the inherited lysosomal disease, Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS VI). EC 3.1.6.12.

Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the action or biosynthesis of estrogenic compounds.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.

The combination of hemodialysis and hemofiltration either simultaneously or sequentially. Convective transport (hemofiltration) may be better for removal of larger molecular weight substances and diffusive transport (hemodialysis) for smaller molecular weight solutes.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A infiltrating (invasive) breast cancer, relatively uncommon, accounting for only 5%-10% of breast tumors in most series. It is often an area of ill-defined thickening in the breast, in contrast to the dominant lump characteristic of ductal carcinoma. It is typically composed of small cells in a linear arrangement with a tendency to grow around ducts and lobules. There is likelihood of axillary nodal involvement with metastasis to meningeal and serosal surfaces. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1205)

A peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyroid cells and acts to decrease the formation and absorptive activity of osteoclasts. Its role in regulating plasma calcium is much greater in children and in certain diseases than in normal adults.

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Absent pituitary gland and hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis associated with partial ophthalmoplegia and postaxial polydactyly: a variant of orofaciodigital syndrome VI or a new syndrome? (1/1069)

We report two sibs with features overlapping those of orofaciodigital syndrome type VI (Varadi syndrome). Both presented at birth with oculomotor abnormalities, dysmorphic facial features, and dysgenesis of the cerebellar vermis. There were minimal oral manifestations (high arched palate) in both of them and one had postaxial polydactyly of both hands and one foot. In addition, there was evidence of aplasia of the pituitary gland on MRI scan in both of them with evidence of hypopituitarism. Both responded well to hormone replacement therapy with improvement in their linear growth and mental ability. These cases may represent a new autosomal recessive midline defect syndrome with features overlapping OFDS VI. Alternatively the features in these children could represent variability within OFDS VI. (+info)

Apo E phenotype and changes in serum lipids in adult patients during growth hormone replacement. (2/1069)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether apo E phenotype influences changes in lipid profiles induced by growth hormone replacement in growth hormone (GH)-deficient adults. DESIGNS: Patients were treated for 6 months with recombinant human GH (hGH), given in a dose of 0.125 U/kg per week for 4 weeks followed by 0.25 U/kg per week thereafter. The effects on serum lipids and the influence of apo E phenotype were examined. METHODS: Thirty patients (aged 35.1+/-11.8 years: mean +/- S.D.) with adult growth hormone deficiency with included in the study. Fasting serum samples were analysed for apo E phenotype total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and IGF-I. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was calculated using the Friedwald formula. RESULTS: Six months of replacement treatment with hGH resulted in a reduction in HDL-cholesterol from 0.90+/-0.10 to 0.68+/-0.08 mmol/l (P<0.01), and a small, non-significant reduction in total cholesterol from 6.14+/-0.40 to 5.99+/-0.35 mmol/l (P = 0.06). There was no significant change in the other lipid parameters. The decrease in HDL-cholesterol concentration was greater in patients carrying the apo E2 allele (0.40+/-0.07 mmol/l, P<0.05) than in patients homozygous for the apo E3 allele (0.23+/-0.04 mmol/l) and patients carrying the apo E4 allele (0.15+/-0.36 mmol/l). Patients with the apo E4 allele had lower baseline cholesterol concentrations than patients lacking the apo E4 allele, and this persisted after treatment with hGH (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Apo E phenotype may be a determining factor in the response of HDL-cholesterol to hGH in GH-deficient adults. (+info)

Turner's syndrome and pregnancies after oocyte donation. (3/1069)

A total of 20 clinical pregnancies was achieved among 18 women with Turner's syndrome who were treated in an oocyte donation programme. The oocytes were donated by voluntary unpaid donors. A mean of 1.8 embryos per transfer was given to each recipient by way of 28 fresh and 25 frozen embryo transfers. With fresh and frozen embryos, 13 and seven pregnancies respectively were achieved. The clinical pregnancy rate per fresh embryo transfer was 46%, and the implantation rate 30%, being similar to the corresponding rates among our oocyte recipients with primary ovarian failure in general. The corresponding rates with frozen embryos were 28 and 19%. Of these pregnancies, 40% ended in miscarriage. This high rate may be explained by uterine factors. Six women were hypertensive during pregnancy, a rate comparable with that in other oocyte donation pregnancies. All these women delivered by Caesarean section. Pregnancy and implantation rates after oocyte donation were high in women with Turner's syndrome, but the risk of cardiovascular and other complications is high. Careful assessment before and during follow-up of pregnancy are important. Transfer of only one embryo at a time to avoid the additional complications caused by twin pregnancy is recommended. (+info)

Primary prevention of CHD: nine ways to reduce risk. (4/1069)

Lowering cholesterol can reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease. Treating hypertension reduces overall mortality and is most effective in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease in older patients. Smoking cessation reduces the level of risk to that of nonsmokers within about three years of cessation. Aspirin is likely to be an effective means of primary prevention, but a group in whom treatment is appropriate has yet to be defined. Evidence that supplementation with vitamin A or C reduces the risk of coronary heart disease is inadequate; the data for use of vitamin E are inconclusive. Epidemiologic evidence is sufficient to recommend that most persons increase their levels of physical activity. Lowering homocysteine levels through increased folate intake is a promising but unproven primary prevention strategy. Hormone replacement therapy was associated with reduced incidence of coronary heart disease in epidemiologic studies but was not effective in a secondary prevention trial. (+info)

Hormone replacement therapy, inflammation, and hemostasis in elderly women. (5/1069)

Lipid-lowering by postmenopausal hormone therapy (HRT) explains only partly the assumed coronary risk reduction associated with therapy. To explore other possible mechanisms, we studied associations of HRT use with inflammation and hemostasis risk markers in women >/=65 years of age. Subjects were selected from 3393 participants in the fourth year examination of the Cardiovascular Health Study, an observational study of vascular disease risk factors. After excluding women with vascular disease, we compared levels of inflammation and hemostasis variables in the 230 women using unopposed estrogen and 60 using estrogen/progestin, with those of 196 nonusers selected as controls. Compared with nonusers, unopposed estrogen use was associated with 59% higher mean C-reactive protein (P<0.001), but with modestly lower levels of other inflammation indicators, fibrinogen, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (P<0.001). Factor VIIc was 16% higher among estrogen users (P<0.001), but this was not associated with higher thrombin production (prothrombin fragment 1-2), or increased fibrin breakdown (D-dimer). Concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was 50% lower in both using groups (P<0.001) compared with nonusers, and this was associated with higher plasmin-antiplasmin complex: 8% higher in estrogen and 18% higher in estrogen/progestin users (P<0. 05). Relationships between the markers and hormone use were less pronounced in estrogen/progestin users, with no association for C-reactive protein except in women in upper 2 tertiles of body mass index (P for interaction, 0.02). The direction and strength of the associations of HRT use with inflammation markers differed depending on the protein, so it is not clear whether HRT confers coronary risk reduction through an inflammation-sensitive mechanism. Associations with hemostasis markers indicated no association with evidence of procoagulation and a possible association with increased fibrinolytic activity. (+info)

Alteration in sexually dimorphic testosterone biotransformation profiles as a biomarker of chemically induced androgen disruption in mice. (6/1069)

Assessment of the impact of environmental chemicals on androgen homeostasis in rodent models is confounded by high intraindividual and interindividual variability in circulating testosterone levels. Our goal was to evaluate changes in testosterone biotransformation processes as a measure of androgen homeostasis and as a biomarker of exposure to androgen-disrupting chemicals. Sex-specific differences in hepatic testosterone biotransformation enzyme activities were identified in CD-1 mice. Gonadectomy followed by replacement of individual steroid hormones identified specific sex differences in biotransformation profiles that were due to the inductive or suppressive effects of testosterone. Notably, significant androgen-dependent differences in testosterone 6[alpha]- and 15[alpha]-hydroxylase activities were demonstrated, and the ratio of 6[alpha]- and 15[alpha]-hydroxylase activities proved to be an excellent indicator of the androgen status within the animal. The male or "masculinized" testosterone 6[alpha]/15[alpha]-hydroxylase ratio was significantly less than the female or "feminized" ratio. Male mice were exposed to both an antiandrogen, vinclozolin, and to a compound that modulates serum androgen levels, indole-3-carbinol, to test the utility of this ratio as a biomarker of androgen disruption. Treatment with the antiandrogen vinclozolin significantly increased the 6[alpha]/15[alpha]-hydroxylase ratio. Indole-3-carbinol treatment resulted in a dose-dependent, but highly variable, decrease in serum testosterone levels. The 6[alpha]/15[alpha]-hydroxylase ratio increased as serum testosterone levels decreased in these animals. However, the increase in the ratio was much less variable and more sensitive than serum testosterone levels. These investigations demonstrate that the 6[alpha]/15[alpha]-hydroxylase ratio is a powerful measure of androgen modulation and a sensitive indicator of exposure to androgen-disrupting chemicals in CD-1 mice. (+info)

Is recruitment more difficult with a placebo arm in randomised controlled trials? A quasirandomised, interview based study. (7/1069)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether including a placebo arm in a clinical trial of hormone replacement therapy influenced women's stated willingness to participate. DESIGN: Quasirandomised, interview based study. SETTING: 10 group practices in the Medical Research Council's General Practice Research Framework. PARTICIPANTS: 436 postmenopausal women aged 45-64 who had not had a hysterectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Stated willingness to enter a trial and reasons for the decisions made. RESULTS: Of 218 women told about the trial without a placebo arm, 85 (39%) indicated their willingness to enter compared with 65 (30%) of the 218 women told about the trial with the placebo arm (P=0.06). Part of this difference was due to explicit reluctance to take a placebo. Altruism and personal benefit were the reasons most frequently given for wanting to take part in a trial. The reasons most frequently cited for not wanting to take part were reluctance to restart periods, not wanting to take unknown or unnecessary tablets, or not wanting to interfere with present good health. CONCLUSION: For preventive trials the inclusion of a placebo arm may reduce patients' willingness to participate. (+info)

Regression of cardiac abnormalities after replacement therapy in Addison's disease. (8/1069)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate by echocardiography the cardiac structure and function in patients with primary adrenocortical insufficiency. DESIGN AND METHODS: Two-dimensionally guided M-mode echocardiograms and spectral Doppler studies were performed in seven consecutive patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune primary adrenal failure before and 4-8 months after an adequate regimen of steroid substitution. Echocardiographic parameters were also studied in ten healthy controls. RESULTS: In the cases with untreated Addison's disease, both left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions were significantly reduced in comparison with those in controls (P<0.01). Four patients had echocardiographic signs of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) at the anterior leaflet, with no evidence of mitral regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography. Systolic clicks characteristic of MVP were present on auscultation in two of these cases. Left ventricular chamber size normalized, i.e. significantly increased (P<0.01), and both echocardiographic and physical signs of MVP resolved after steroid substitution in all patients. All other echocardiographic indices were normal before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with untreated Addison's disease have cardiac abnormalities which regress after steroid substitution. A valvular-ventricular disproportion due to the hypovolemic state could explain these findings. (+info)

GnRH pulsatile therapy.. Hormone replacement therapy[edit]. The method and dose of treatment will vary depending on the ... Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the major form of treatment with the aim to replace the missing testosterone or oestrogen ... Standard hormone replacement therapy will not normally induce fertility in either males or females, with no testicular growth ... Sex hormone replacement (testosterone or oestrogen & progesterone).. *Gonadotropin therapy (medications that replicate the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallmann_syndrome

Hormone replacement therapy. discontinuation reduces risk. [8] Ovarian hyper-stimulation therapy to treat infertility. [8] ... Treatment varies between therapy and surgical intervention by the use of shunts.[citation needed] ... Hence, protective therapies are required to attenuate IRI alongside reperfusion in acute ischemic conditions to improve ... If diagnosed within 12 hours of the initial episode (attack) then thrombolytic therapy is initiated. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombosis

Hormone replacement therapy. discontinuation reduces risk. [8]. Ovarian hyper-stimulation therapy to treat infertility. [8]. ... Treatment varies between therapy and surgical intervention by the use of shunts.[citation needed] ... If diagnosed within 12 hours of the initial episode (attack) then thrombolytic therapy is initiated. ... "Prevention of venous thromboembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy". Chest. 126 (3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_thrombosis

See also: Hormone replacement therapy (female-to-male). Transgender people who were medically assigned female at birth ... It is also the intended result of Androgen replacement therapy in males suffering from delayed puberty and low testosterone. ... sometimes elect to take hormone replacement therapy. This process causes virilization by inducing many of the effects of a ... Extreme undervirilization occurs when no significant androgen hormones can be produced or the body is completely insensitive to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virilization

... primarily in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms as well as transgender hormone replacement therapy.[79] ... Christian C, von Schoultz B (15 March 1994). Hormone Replacement Therapy: Standardized or Individually Adapted Doses?. CRC ... Hormone replacement therapy consisting of systemic treatment with estrogen alone or in combination with a progestogen, has well ... In addition to its role as a natural hormone, estradiol is used as a medication, for instance in menopausal hormone therapy; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Estradiol

Meikle AW (1 June 1999). Hormone Replacement Therapy. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 383-. ISBN 978-1-59259-700-0. The ... Kubíková D (2014). "[Menopausal symptoms and hormone replacement therapy]" (PDF). Praktické Lékárenství. 10 (2): 68-73. " ... "Bioavailability of orally administered sex steroids used in oral contraception and hormone replacement therapy". Contraception ... with levonorgestrel in the form of a skin patch is used under the brand name Climara Pro for hormone replacement therapy in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levonorgestrel

"Hormone Replacement Therapy , Endocrinologist Marina Johnson MD". Dr. Marina Johnson - The Institute of Endocrinology and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_estrogen

206-. ISBN 978-0-471-89979-2. A. Wayne Meikle (1 June 1999). Hormone Replacement Therapy. Springer Science & Business Media. pp ... Because of its reduced androgenic effects, the drug has not generally been used in androgen replacement therapy for androgen ... v t e Hormone levels with nandrolone esters by intramuscular injection Nandrolone levels after a single 50, 100, or 150 mg ... NPP has been used mainly in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in women and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandrolone_phenylpropionate

204-. ISBN 978-3-11-085727-6. A. Wayne Meikle (1 June 1999). Hormone Replacement Therapy. Springer Science & Business Media. pp ... Quinestrol has been used as the estrogen component in menopausal hormone therapy and in combined hormonal birth control. It has ... is an estrogen medication which has been used in menopausal hormone therapy, hormonal birth control, and to treat breast cancer ... Kopera H (1991). "Hormone der Gonaden". Hormonelle Therapie für die Frau. Kliniktaschenbücher. pp. 59-124. doi:10.1007/978-3- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinestrol

ISBN 978-0-7817-1750-2. A. Wayne Meikle (1 June 1999). Hormone Replacement Therapy. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 271 ... Nandrolone esters can be used as a form of androgen replacement therapy for treatment of androgen deficiency in men. However, ... Abraham D, Carpenter PC (1997). "Issues concerning androgen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women". Mayo Clin. Proc. 72 ( ... A. Wayne Meikle (24 April 2003). Endocrine Replacement Therapy in Clinical Practice. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 519 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandrolone_decanoate

Hormone replacement therapy. Elsevier Science. pp. 9-. ISBN 978-0-12-806202-9. [...] medroxyprogesterone acetate, also known as ... A. Wayne Meikle (1 June 1999). Hormone Replacement Therapy. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 383-. ISBN 978-1-59259-700-0 ... from contraception to hormone replacement therapy". VASA. 47 (6): 441-450. doi:10.1024/0301-1526/a000726. PMID 30008249. ... safer or more efficacious than commonly used synthetic versions in hormone replacement therapy?" (PDF). Postgraduate Medicine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone_acetate

In accordance, hormonal contraception and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen (and/or progestogens) have been ... "Adverse effects of growth hormone replacement therapy in children". Arq. Bras. Endocrinol. Metab. 55 (8): 559-565. doi:10.1590/ ... "Growth hormone-releasing hormone and growth hormone secretagogue-receptor ligands: focus on reproductive system". Endocrine. 14 ... Shim M, Cohen P (1999). "IGFs and human cancer: implications regarding the risk of growth hormone therapy". Horm. Res. 51 Suppl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormonal_breast_enhancement

Cyclical hormone replacement therapy. The following protocols have shown promise: high dose gonadoropins, flare up GnRH-a ... Dragojević-Dikić S, Rakić S, Nikolić B, Popovac S (December 2009). "Hormone replacement therapy and successful pregnancy in a ... pentoxifylline-tocopherol treatment in women with premature ovarian failure who are resistant to hormone replacement therapy". ... Glucocorticoid therapy. A recent (2007) randomized double blind study done in Egypt reported a statistically significant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor_ovarian_reserve

Lichtman, R. (1996-02-01). "Perimenopausal and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Part 1. An update of the literature ... LICHTMAN, R (1996). "Perimenopausal and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy Part 1. An update of the literature on ... Lichtman, Ronnie (1991-01-02). "Perimenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy". Journal of Nurse-Midwifery. 36 (1): 30-48. doi: ... Lichtman, Ronnie (1991-01-01). "Perimenopausal hormone replacement therapy: Review of the literature". Journal of Nurse- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronnie_Lichtman

Hormone replacement therapy does not always reduce the adverse effects.[8] Mortality[edit]. Oophorectomy is associated with ... In general, hormone replacement therapy is somewhat controversial due to the known carcinogenic and thrombogenic properties of ... Armstrong K, Schwartz JS, Randall T, Rubin SC, Weber B (2004). "Hormone replacement therapy and life expectancy after ... The hormone production of the ovaries currently cannot be sufficiently mimicked by drug therapy. The ovaries produce hormones a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oophorectomy

"Dydrogesterone/Estradiol Hormone Replacement Therapy". National Health Service. Trivedi P, Selvaraj K, Mahapatra PD, Srivastava ... A review of their combined use as hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women". Drugs & Aging. 11 (4): 309-32. doi: ... Mueck AO, Seeger H, Bühling KJ (December 2009). "Use of dydrogesterone in hormone replacement therapy". Maturitas. 65 Suppl 1: ... Mueck AO, Seeger H, Bühling KJ (December 2009). "Use of dydrogesterone in hormone replacement therapy". Maturitas. 65 Suppl 1: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dydrogesterone

Samsioe, Göran; Dören, Martina; Lobo, Rogerio A (2006). "Hormone replacement therapy - the agents". Women's Health Medicine. 3 ... "Relationship between allopregnanolone and negative mood in postmenopausal women taking sequential hormone replacement therapy ... Short-term therapy with 300 mg/day oral progesterone had no effect on luteinizing hormone pulse frequency in women. Treatment ... Kopernik G, Shoham Z (June 2004). "Tools for making correct decisions regarding hormone therapy. Part II. Organ response and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone

... the hormone replacement therapy testosterone; and nicotine as a smoking cessation aid were commercially available in buccal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccal_administration

Many types of bioidentical hormone replacement therapy[8]. *Patients who require multiple medications combined in various doses ... Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy - Compounding is involved in the surrounding controversy. *New England Compounding ... Boothby LA, Doering PL (August 2008). "Bioidentical hormone therapy: a panacea that lacks supportive evidence". Curr. Opin. ... In non-sterile compounding, a powder containment hood is required when any hazardous material (e.g. hormones) are prepared or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compounding

Life long hormone replacement therapy for the hormones that are missing. In a study of 1,034 symptomatic adults, Sheehan ... "GH replacement in 1034 growth hormone deficient hypopituitary adults: demographic and clinical characteristics, dosing and ... Growth hormone deficiency causes many vague symptoms including fatigue and decreased muscle mass. Uncommonly, Sheehan syndrome ... likely because the growth hormone-secreting cells are located at the periphery of the pituitary (and are therefore most likely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheehan's_syndrome

Not having used hormone replacement therapy for a year or more. *Usage of continuous hormone replacement therapy consisting of ... A cut-off threshold of 5 mm or less should be used for women on sequential hormone replacement therapy consisting both of an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_bleeding

Hormone replacement therapy for trans women feminizes fat distribution and breasts. Laser hair removal or electrolysis removes ... Hormone replacement therapy for trans men induces beard growth and masculinizes skin, hair, voice, and fat distribution. ... and some seek medical treatments such as hormone replacement therapy, sex reassignment surgery, or psychotherapy.[15] Not all ... An observational study revealed that transgender people receiving hormone therapy from the Amsterdam University Medical Centre ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender

Mazer NA (2004). "Interaction of estrogen therapy and thyroid hormone replacement in postmenopausal women". Thyroid. 14 Suppl 1 ... PEP is used in hormone replacement therapy for low estrogen levels due to hypogonadism or menopause in women.[1] It is also ... used in feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women.[11][19] PEP is a form of high-dose estrogen therapy.[2] After an ... and as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women.[1][11] It is given by injection into muscle once every ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyestradiol_phosphate

Hormone replacement therapy and infertility treatments may also be predisposing factors.[44] Use of inhaled corticosteroids ... Immunosuppression (HIV/AIDS), diabetes, corticosteroids, antibiotic therapy[5]. Medication. Clotrimazole, nystatin, fluconazole ... For vaginal yeast infection in pregnancy, topical imidazole or triazole antifungals are considered the therapy of choice owing ... Felix TC, de Brito Röder DV, Dos Santos Pedroso R (March 2019). "Alternative and complementary therapies for vulvovaginal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidiasis

Hormone replacement therapy is required after gonadectomy, and should be modulated over time to replicate the hormone levels ... Leichtnam ML, Rolland H, Wüthrich P, Guy RH (June 2006). "Testosterone hormone replacement therapy: state-of-the-art and ... Areas of management include sex assignment, genitoplasty, gonadectomy in relation to tumor risk, hormone replacement therapy, ... luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone) and spermatogenic defect. These effects may not manifest at all in men ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome

"Hormone Replacement Therapy (Risks and Benefits). HRT". patient.info. Retrieved 2020-12-18. Bakalov, Vladimir K.; Anasti, James ... A few risk factors associated with the hormone replacement therapies are: breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer ... However, affected women are usually started on hormone replacement therapies, or corticosteroids to achieve immunosuppression. ... The study suggests treatment of MG including thymectomy could cure ovarian failure and hormonal therapy may not be necessary. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_oophoritis

"Compounding for Hormone Replacement Therapy" (PDF). acainfo.org. ACA. Retrieved 2 May 2017.[permanent dead link] "HIV Pharmacy ... "Compounding for Hormone Replacement Therapy," a 15-hour continuing education program aimed at helping pharmacists provide ... compounded hormone replacement therapy. Other courses are offered as well through their online portal. The ACA is responsible ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_College_of_Apothecaries

Somers supports bioidentical hormone replacement therapy. Her book, Ageless, includes interviews with 16 practitioners of ... about bioidentical hormone replacement therapy. She has released two autobiographies, four diet books, and a book of poetry. ... A group of seven doctors, all of whom utilize bioidentical hormone therapies to address health issues in women, issued a public ... The use of bioidentical hormone therapies is a very controversial area of medicine; its efficacy has never been tested and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Somers

A. Wayne Meikle (1 June 1999). Hormone Replacement Therapy. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 271-. ISBN 978-1-59259-700-0 ... the drug has not generally been used in androgen replacement therapy for androgen deficiency in men and has instead been used ... NPP has been used mainly in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in women and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandrolone_phenylpropionate

Most of the neurological complications improve completely after thyroid hormone replacement therapy.[18][19] ... Their therapy consisted of constraint-induced movement therapy which resulted in improvements of their arm function.[49] ... therapy is often highly individualized and gait and coordination training are large components of therapy. ... Physical therapy requires a focus on adapting activity and facilitating motor learning for retraining specific functional motor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxia

However, it requires education of patients, because lifelong glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement therapy is needed ... Cushing's disease is a cause of Cushing's syndrome characterised by increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ... Hormonal replacement such as steroid is given to patients because of steroid withdrawal. After the completion of collecting ... Any intermediate values need to be cautiously interpreted and a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) test is advised in order ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushing's_disease

Hormone-modulating therapies for skin disease". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 80 (6): 1509-1521. doi:10.1016/ ... Acne can be a side effect of testosterone replacement therapy or anabolic steroid use.[1][48] Over-the-counter bodybuilding and ... Combination therapy[edit]. Combination therapy-using medications of different classes together, each with a different mechanism ... The evidence for light therapy as a treatment for acne is weak and inconclusive.[8][155] Various light therapies appear to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

Muñoz M, Rosso M, Coveñas R (Jun 2011). "The NK-1 receptor: a new target in cancer therapy". Current Drug Targets. 12 (6): 909- ... McGowan K, Guerina V, Wicks J, Donowitz M (1985). "Chapter 8: Secretory Hormones of Entamoeba histolytica". In D. Evered, J. ... SP and its induced cytokines promote multiplication of cells required for repair or replacement, growth of new blood vessels ., ... a potential target for novel medicines in malignant brain tumour therapies (mini-review)". Folia Neuropathologica. 45 (3): 99- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P

... levothyroxine therapy should not be initiated at the full replacement dose.[20] Since thyroid hormone increases myocardial ... a hormone that is considered goiter-inducing.[12][13] Levothyroxine is also used as interventional therapy in people with ... thyroid replacement therapy is usually taken 30 minutes prior to eating in the morning.[11] For patients with trouble taking ... who often require lifelong thyroid hormone therapy.[11] It may also be used to treat goiter via its ability to lower thyroid- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levothyroxine

For androgens as medications, see Anabolic steroid and Androgen replacement therapy.. Androgen. ... Before the production of the pituitary hormone luteinizing hormone (LH) by the embryo starting at about weeks 11-12, human ... This action of androgens is supported by a hormone from Sertoli cells, Müllerian inhibitory hormone (MIH), which prevents the ... "Hormones and Behavior. 53 (5): 613-26. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.01.013. PMC 2706155 . PMID 18374335.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen

... woman whose insurance company denied her reimbursement for sex reassignment surgery as well as hormone replacement therapy. The ... After sex reassignment surgery, transsexuals (people who underwent cross-sex hormone therapy and sex reassignment surgery) tend ... any patients to refrain from hormone replacement before surgery, and smoking patients to refrain from smoking before and after ... including accessing cross-gender hormone replacement or many surgical interventions. For this and many other reasons, both the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_reassignment_surgery

... he has been criticized in the media for his controversial views on topics like bioidentical hormone replacement therapy and ... safer or more efficacious than commonly used synthetic versions in hormone replacement therapy?". Postgraduate Medicine. 121 (1 ... Gardner, Amanda (2009-01-30). "The Truth About 'Bio-identical' Hormone Therapy". US News and World Report. Retrieved 2011-11-26 ... Robert W. Griffith, MD (2009-12-21). "Saturday Quack - Bio-Identical Hormone Therapy". Healthandage.com. Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_Holtorf

對於更年期女性的激素替代療法（英语：Hormone_replacement_therapy_(menopause)）（HRT）會針對沒有子宮的女性使用雌激素，有完整子宮的女性使用雌激素及黄体制剂[63]。 ... The WHI: the effect of hormone replacement therapy on fracture prevention. Climacteric. June 2012, 15 (3): 263-66. PMID ... The Woman's Health Program Monash University, Oestrogen and Progestin as Hormone Therapy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/绝经期

de Jong PG, Goddijn M, Middeldorp S (2013). "Antithrombotic therapy for pregnancy loss". Human Reproduction Update. 19 (6): 656 ... deranged production of hormones and signalling molecules by trophoblasts, as well as activation of coagulation and complement ... This will require adrenal steroid replacement treatment for life. ... Horton JD, Bushwick BM (1999). "Warfarin therapy: evolving strategies in anticoagulation". American Family Physician. 59 (3): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiphospholipid_syndrome

This increases peptide hormone stability and activity.[99][100]. Pharmacokinetics[edit]. Absorption[edit]. From the U.S. ... Prockop DJ, Kivirikko KI (1995). "Collagens: molecular biology, diseases, and potentials for therapy". Annual Review of ... meal replacement products, and evaporated milk.[87] ... synthesis of plant hormones, as an antioxidant and also ... Under the rubric of orthomolecular medicine, "Intravenous vitamin C is a contentious adjunctive cancer therapy, widely used in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-ascorbic_acid

The empirically most studied type of treatment is cognitive-behavioral therapy. This type of therapy is very effective for non- ... Such treatment augmentations can include lithium pharmacology, thyroid hormone augmentation, amisulpride, buspirone, bupropion ... The concept was coined by Robert Spitzer as a replacement for the term "depressive personality" in the late 1970s.[7] ... Therapy[edit]. Psychotherapy can be effective in treating dysthymia. In a meta-analytic study from 2010, psychotherapy had a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_depression

This may be due to increased competition between the new and existing neurons, followed by the replacement of synapses in ... and hormones.[33][34] ... Recovered-memory therapy. *Retrospective memory. *Sleep and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_amnesia

This argument seems to be supported by recent work studying hormones. Prolonged severe CR lowers total serum and free ... such as insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone, has been shown to up-regulate autophagy, the repair mechanism of the ... "Long-term effects of calorie restriction on serum sex-hormone concentrations in men". Aging Cell. 9 (2): 236-42. doi:10.1111/j ... testosterone while increasing sex hormone binding globulin concentrations in humans; these effects are independent of adiposity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloric_restriction

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), bone regulators, beta-receptor agonists, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, ... dominated the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during the 1990s. HRT is not a life-saving drug, nor does it cure any disease. ... gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies and cell therapy (for instance, stem-cell therapies). Other ways to classify medicines are ... gene therapy, and cell therapy (for instance, stem cell therapies). ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical

These therapies include art therapy, music therapy, drama therapy, dance therapy, and poetry therapy. It has been proven that ... This could lead to many different negative outcomes such as obesity, skewed body image, lower levels of certain hormones, and ... When state hospitals were accused of violating human right, advocates pushed for deinstitutionalization: the replacement of ... Activity therapiesEdit. Activity therapies, also called recreation therapy and occupational therapy, promote healing through ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health

Single-dose therapyEdit. Alternatively, a single-dose therapy is used for instance if there are concerns regarding the ... used to determine vitamin D status because it often is regulated by other hormones in the body such as parathyroid hormone.[44] ... "Guidelines on vitamin D replacement in bariatric surgery: Identification and systematic appraisal". Metabolism. 65 (4): 586-97 ... a b c Vitamin D at Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Professional Edition ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D_deficiency

... continuous steroid replacement therapy is required, with regular follow-up treatment and monitoring for other health problems.[ ... Treatment involves replacing the absent hormones.[1] This involves taking a corticosteroid such as hydrocortisone and ... Napier, C; Pearce, SH (June 2014). "Current and emerging therapies for Addison's disease". Current Opinion in Endocrinology, ... Addison's disease arises from problems with the adrenal gland such that not enough of the steroid hormone cortisol and possibly ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison's_disease

Active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy[2]. Prognosis. 5-year survival rate 99% (US)[4] ... Although not a replacement for serum PSA level, the PCA3 test is an additional tool to help decide whether, in men suspected of ... Most hormone dependent cancers become resistant to treatment after one to three years and resume growth despite hormone therapy ... radiation therapy, hormone therapy or chemotherapy.[2] When it only occurs inside the prostate it may be curable.[1] In those ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/سرطان_پروستات?match=en

... hormone replacement therapy, steroids and acne medications.[15]. *Some treatments used to cure mycotic infections can cause ... "Skin Therapy Letter. 17 (6): 1-4. PMID 22735503. Archived from the original on 2015-12-12.. Cite uses deprecated parameter , ... Male pattern hair loss is believed to be due to a combination of genetics and the male hormone dihydrotestosterone.[3] The ... Family therapy can help families to cope with these psychological problems if they arise.[12] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alopecia

Dehydration is also managed by the use of fluid therapy. However, a specialist from Texas A&M University has stated "There is ... The pancreas is composed of two sections: the smaller endocrine portion, which is responsible for producing hormones such as ... the pancreatic enzymes then need replacement with pancrelipase or similar products. The damage can also extend into the ... Washabau, Robert J. (2009). "Canine Pancreatic Disease: What's New in Diagnosis and Therapy?". 34th Congress-World Small Animal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_pancreatitis

Serum thyroid hormone and thyrotropin concentrations during thyroxine and triiodothyronine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab ... Blood levels of thyroid hormones and TSH were found to be the best predictors of objective benefits from thyroid replacement[ ... Replacement occurred faster in the United Kingdom than in North America, but by the 1980s more patients were being prescribed ... Replacement by thyroid extract in hypothyroidism was one of the most effective treatments of any disease available to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiccated_thyroid_extract

In the instance above, if the trials had found that hormone replacement therapy does in fact have a negative incidence on the ... numerous epidemiological studies showed that women taking combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) also had a lower-than- ... Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Ebrahim S (June 2004). "Commentary: the hormone replacement-coronary heart disease conundrum: is this ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply_causation

Renal replacement therapy may be required to bridge individuals with hepatorenal syndrome to liver transplantation, although ... Midodrine is an alpha-agonist and octreotide is an analogue of somatostatin, a hormone involved in regulation of blood vessel ... As a result, the role of renal replacement therapy in patients with HRS remains unclear.[2] ... Medical therapyEdit. Many major studies showing improvement in kidney function in patients with hepatorenal syndrome have ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatorenal_syndrome

Non-immunological therapies, such as hormone replacement in Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Type 1 diabetes mellitus treat outcomes ... and hormone and hormone binding proteins. Together with the concept of T-cell-B-cell discordance this idea forms the basis of ... Specific immunomodulatory therapies, such as the TNFα antagonists (e.g. etanercept), the B cell depleting agent rituximab, the ... Helminthic therapy is an experimental approach that involves inoculation of the patient with specific parasitic intestinal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune

Kaplan, Lee M. (1 March 2005). "Pharmacological therapies for obesity". Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 34 (1): 91- ... Thyroid hormones/Antithyroid agents. Infections and. infestations (J, P, QI). *Antimicrobials: Antibacterials ( ... Briefly used by some psychotherapists as an adjunct to therapy, the drug became popular recreationally and the DEA listed MDMA ... "Psychostimulants in the therapy of treatment-resistant depression Review of the literature and findings from a retrospective ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulants

... are of interest for hormone replacement therapy and are under basic research for potential relief of menstruation-related ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hops

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) or postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT, PMHT ... Bioidentical hormone therapy[edit]. Main article: Bioidentical hormone therapy. Bioidentical hormone therapy (BHT) is the usage ... This article is about hormone replacement therapy in menopause. For other forms, see Hormone therapy. ... Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy and Synthetic Conjugated Equine Estrogen and/or Progestin Hormone Replacement Therapy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone_replacement_therapy

... is the use of synthetic or natural female hormones to make up for the decline or lack of natural hormones produced in a womans ... Hormone Replacement Therapy Definition Hormone replacement therapy [1] (HRT) ... Hormone Replacement Therapy. Definition. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the use of synthetic or natural female hormones ... Hormone replacement therapy. Definition. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the use of synthetic or natural female hormones ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/divisions-diagnostics-and-procedures/medicine/hormone-replacement-therapy

Hormone Replacement Therapy at Menopause : This section features articles to help understand the mystery of HRT and whether or ... Hormone Replacement Therapy What is hormone replacement therapy? Is it right for you? This first in a series of articles will ... NAMS Hormone Therapy Position Statement 2012 Is HRT still a bad thing? Can it help some menopausal women? We look at how ... Our series on HRT explains the different types of hormone therapy for women who have different needs. ...

http://www.bellaonline.com/subjects/5011.asp

50yo using combined estrogen-progestin hormone replacement therapy, in which users of continuous combined therapy were compared ... HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY. See also Botanical treatments for Menopausal Symptoms and Hormonal Contraception ... associated with use of hormone replacement therapy, even after adjustment for potential confounders-RR 1.44 for any use, RR ... In a prospective cohort study of 950,000 postmenopausal women, current hormone replacement therapy use , 5y was associated with ...

http://faculty.washington.edu/momus/PB/hormoner.htm

A new study is showing negative effects from a once-popular therapy for postmenopausal women, leading some to wonder how it ... Study: Hormone Replacement Therapy Might Shrink Brains. Hormone therapy might speed up mental decline, researchers warn. ... which is a subset of the largest study of hormone replacement therapy. The study found that, overall, women taking the hormones ... Hormone replacement therapy, a regimen of progestin and estrogen given to relieve symptoms of menopause, initially fell from ...

https://abcnews.go.com/Health/WomensHealth/story?id=6629782&page=1

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used when a woman undergoes the menopausal period. The hormones lost are replaced with a ... Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used when a woman undergoes the menopausal period. The hormones lost are replaced with a ... Know the major types of hormone replacement therapy or HRT. Progesterone and estrogen are two widely used medications for ... Understand the risk of using hormone replacement therapy. As with any medication, there are benefits and risks. Studies have ...

https://www.wikihow.com/Understand-Hormone-Replacement-Therapy

... we define who should be offered hormone replacement therapy and why, describe the reasons why women may wish to take hormone ... replacement therapy, and clarify the advantages and disadvantages of treatment.. Summary points. Hormone replacement therapy ... Hormone replacement therapy should not be offered for prevention of cardiovascular disease or to women with a high risk of ... Since hormone replacement therapy was introduced 70 years ago, a steady flow of studies has produced evidence of both harmful ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/326/7384/322.full?maxtoshow=&HITS=150&hits=150&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=hrt&searchid=1057440536772_3845&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&fdate=1/1/2003&resourcetype=1%2C2%2C3%2C4%2C10&journalcode=bmj

... hormones - Answer: Im just wondering why you did not opt to take the Spironolactone? It ... ... Home › Q & A › Questions › I had hormone replacement.... I had hormone replacement therapy gone bad?. Asked. 14 Oct 2017 by ... testosterone, appetite, hormones, hormone replacement therapy. Details:. As a result of this therapy, the testosterone level is ... Hormone replacement therapy. Good or bad. Full hysterecomy at age 29 now 48?. Posted 25 Aug 2012 • 1 answer ...

https://www.drugs.com/answers/hormone-replacement-therapy-bad-3333197.html

... compared to women not using hormone therapy, according to a single-center study scheduled for presentation at the American ... Women using hormone replacement therapy to relieve the symptoms of menopause faced a lower risk of death and showed lower ... women using hormone replacement therapy were overall 30 percent less likely to die than those not on hormone therapy. Women ... Those using hormone replacement therapy were significantly older than those not on the therapy, with an average age of 60 years ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-03/acoc-hrt030617.php

I started hormone replacement therapy and a few weeks later ... ... therapy. Details:. I started hormone replacement therapy and a ... Can antibiotics mess up your hormone replacement therapy?. Asked. 19 May 2016 by dmblock. Topics. cefuroxime, hormone ... Hormone replacement therapy. Good or bad. Full hysterecomy at age 29 now 48?. Posted 25 Aug 2012 • 1 answer ... What can one take if estradiol, or any hormone replacement therapy, isnt an option?. Posted 3 Mar 2012 • 1 answer ...

https://www.drugs.com/answers/antibiotics-mess-hormone-replacement-therapy-3058947.html

... Lars Rejnmark, Line Underbjerg, and Tanja Sikjaer ... Lars Rejnmark, Line Underbjerg, and Tanja Sikjaer, "Therapy of Hypoparathyroidism by Replacement with Parathyroid Hormone," ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scientifica/2014/765629/cta/

... see Hormone therapy.. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy or postmenopausal hormone ... Bioidentical hormone therapyEdit. Main article: Bioidentical hormone therapy. Bioidentical hormone therapy (BHT) is the usage ... Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy and Synthetic Conjugated Equine Estrogen and/or Progestin Hormone Replacement Therapy ... a b c d e f g Sarrel, P.M. (2000). Effects of hormone replacement therapy on sexual psychophysiology and behavior in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone_replacement_therapy

For other forms of hormone replacement therapy, see Hormone therapy.. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as ... Redirected from Hormone replacement therapy (menopause)). This article is about hormone replacement therapy in menopause. ... Bioidentical hormone therapyEdit. Main article: Bioidentical hormone therapy. Bioidentical hormone therapy (BHT) is the use of ... menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) or postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT, PMHT), is a form of hormone therapy which is used to ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone_replacement_therapy_

... Gérald E. Piérard,1 Philippe Humbert,2 Enzo Berardesca,3 ... "Revisiting the Cutaneous Impact of Oral Hormone Replacement Therapy," BioMed Research International, vol. 2013, Article ID ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2013/971760/cta/

Post-menopausal women should think twice before going in for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) because it is tied to breast ... Hormone replacement therapy tied to breast cancer IANS Toronto, December 30, 2011 15:40 IST Updated: October 18, 2016 15:33 IST ... Post-menopausal women should think twice before going in for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) because it is tied to breast ... A study revealed that post-menopausal women should think twice before going in for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) because it ...

https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/medicine-and-research/Hormone-replacement-therapy-tied-to-breast-cancer/article13447342.ece

Everywhere you turn these days you hear and see more and more news and advertising about Hormone Replacement Therapies (HRTs). ... Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy. The Naturally Balanced Solution to Hormone Replacement. by Rudy Dragone, R.PH. ... Everywhere you turn these days you hear and see more and more news and advertising about Hormone Replacement Therapies (HRTs). ... The roll that bioidentical hormone replacement therapy has in overall wellbeing for millions of people is simply remarkable. ...

https://www.authorhouse.com/en-gb/bookstore/bookdetails/280699-Bioidentical-Hormone-Replacement-Therapy

Learn about hormone replacement therapy, when and if it can be tested and ways in which it can be recognised. Explore what ... Hormone Replacement Therapy Apply Now Learn about hormone replacement therapy, when and if it can be tested and ways in which ... The session will cover Hormone Replacement Therapy, when and if this can be tested and ways in which it can be recognised. You ...

https://www.sunderland.ac.uk/study/short-courses-cpd/hormone-replacement-therapy/

Ive used hormone replacement therapy for hot flashes, and now Im considering staying on it because I feel better. However, ... Twenty years ago, hormone replacement therapy was widely considered beneficial for all of these conditions. Then, in 2002, the ... There is also a small increase in risk for clots in the lungs and strokes with long-term hormone replacement therapy. In view ... Q: Ive used hormone replacement therapy for hot flashes, and now Im considering staying on it because I feel better. However ...

http://www.dailycamera.com/lifestyles/ci_25320317/grillo-hormone-replacement-therapy

Hormone Replacement Therapy Hormone Therapy isnt just about menopause. anymore. One of the most frequent questions heard by ... Hormone replacement programs can drastically effect the way we live our lives, our relationships, and the way in which we age. ... Hormones are a huge part of our life from the time we are born till the time we die. They are also huge parts of the aging ... The good news is that hormone treatment programs arent just for women or for just for treating menopausal and female issues. ...

http://seniormag.com/hormone-therapy/index.htm

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk. A study found that 1 to 2 years after combination hormone ... Home → Research News → Increased Risk Lowers After Combination Hormone Replacement Therapy Is Stopped ... replacement therapy (HRT) is stopped, breast cancer risk drops back to pre-HRT levels. Combination HRT has both estrogen and ...

https://www.breastcancer.org/research-news/20081216c

Discover Hormone Replacement Therapy websites. Conveniently organized. Visit Best of the Web. Research health and wellness ... Natural Bio Health Bioidentical Hormones Provides information about bioidentical hormone replacement therapy programs for men ... Provides important information about hormone replacement therapies, natural methods of increasing hormone levels, and offers ... Top / Health / Pharmacy / Drugs and Medications / Hormone Replacement Therapy * Androderm Testosterone transdermal system ...

https://botw.org/top/Health/Pharmacy/Drugs_and_Medications/Hormone_Replacement_Therapy/

... women re urged to do their own research before making the very personal decision of whether to seek hormone-replacement therapy ... Hormone Replacement Therapy: Is it right for you?. Perimenopausal and menopausal women re urged to do their own research before ... Hormone Replacement Therapy: Is it right for you?. Perimenopausal and menopausal women re urged to do their own research before ... Hormone Replacement Therapy: Is it right for you?. Perimenopausal and menopausal women re urged to do their own research before ...

http://www.wpbf.com/article/hormone-replacement-therapy-is-it-right-for-you/1378119

Don t categorically reject hormone replacement therapy (HRT) just yet: When women begin HRT before age 60, their risk of death ... The authors conclude that each woman should make the decision regarding hormone replacement on an individual basis, taking into ... The new findings appear contrary to two large, well-publicized studies, the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study and ... is 39 percent less than women not on hormones, according to a new survey. ...

https://www.innovations-report.com/studies-and-analyses/report-31239/

... hormone replacement therapy, to alleviate the symptoms of the menopause. ... A growing number of women are discovering the benefits of bio-identical hormones, or natural ... A growing number of women are discovering the benefits of bio-identical hormones, or natural hormone replacement therapy, to ... More Women Choose Hormone Replacement Therapy Naturally. By ElixirNews.com Apr 3, 2013 ...

http://www.infobarrel.com/Horman_Replacement_Therapy_Naturally

People who take replacement thyroid hormone may have more comorbidities and lower quality of life than those who dont take the ... hormone, a large population-based study from the University of Groningen in the Netherlands reports. ... Patients on replacement therapy with thyroid hormone may have more comorbidities. *Download PDF Copy ... People who take replacement thyroid hormone may have more comorbidities and lower quality of life than those who dont take the ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20180320/Patients-on-replacement-therapy-with-thyroid-hormone-may-have-more-comorbidities.aspx

... include that the therapy is very effective in the reduction of menopausal symptoms and bone densit ... Some pros of pellet hormone replacement therapy, or HRT, ... Some pros of pellet hormone replacement therapy, or HRT, ... Alternatively, traditional hormone replacement therapy uses the female hormones progesterone and estrogen to alleviate aging ... Home / World View / What Are Some Pros and Cons of Pellet Hormone Replacement Therapy? ...

https://www.reference.com/world-view/pros-cons-pellet-hormone-replacement-therapy-ecb8d33b9176653b

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This article is about hormone replacement therapy in menopause. (wikipedia.org)
Hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ), also known as menopausal hormone therapy ( MHT ) or postmenopausal hormone therapy ( PHT , PMHT ), is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause . (wikipedia.org)
They are in large part related to the diminished levels of sex hormones that occur during menopause. (wikipedia.org)
And now, a number of recent studies show that hormone replacement therapy may have protective benefits for women who are early in menopause . (webmd.com)
But increasing numbers of researchers say there should be a place for hormone replacement therapy as a preventive treatment for limited periods as it may help prevent disease in younger women around the age of menopause. (webmd.com)
As a result, some doctors now measure the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in a woman's blood to estimate whether the woman has entered menopause. (encyclopedia.com)
Hormone replacement therapy, a regimen of progestin and estrogen given to relieve symptoms of menopause, initially fell from favor in 2002 when the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study was stopped because of concerns that the treatment was putting the women involved at greater risk for stroke and heart problems. (go.com)
The International Menopause Society in May released new guidelines saying the original guidelines were flawed and advised that the therapy may be safe for women younger than 65. (go.com)
Progesterone and estrogen combined therapy is used during the perimenopause or phase one of menopause. (wikihow.com)
Women using hormone replacement therapy to relieve the symptoms of menopause faced a lower risk of death and showed lower levels of atherosclerosis, or plaque buildup in the heart's arteries, compared to women not using hormone therapy, according to a single-center study scheduled for presentation at the American College of Cardiology's 66th Annual Scientific Session. (eurekalert.org)
By replacing the natural estrogen lost during menopause, hormone replacement therapy could be one way for women to regain the cardiovascular benefits of estrogen, Arnson said. (eurekalert.org)
Hormone Replacement Therapy can be likened to an oasis in the desert for women in the throes of menopause. (medindia.net)
As you approach menopause, your levels of estrogen and progesterone (the hormones that cause you to ovulate and menstruate each month) start to decline, often triggering a whole host of symptoms that can range from annoying to incapacitating. (healthday.com)
If women began the therapy within 10 years of menopause, however, the stroke risk disappeared and there was some small protection against heart disease. (healthday.com)
Hormone Replacement Therapy, defined by the NHS as a treatment used to relieve symptoms of the menopause that works by replacing hormones that are at a lower level as you approach the menopause, is the source of debate between those who swear by it and others who fear its potential side effects. (goodhousekeeping.com)
The latest consensus statement (2013) from seven major international and U.S. societies working in women's health concluded that the benefits of hormone replacement therapy for treating moderate to severe symptoms outweigh the risks up to age 60 or 10 years post-menopause. (dailycamera.com)
Learn about menopause symptom treatment with this bio-identical, transdermal estrogen replacement therapy gel. (botw.org)
Irregular menopause is also common side effects of hormone therapy. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
They are taking hormones to replace those lost as a result of menopause - though they wouldn't dream of taking conventional HRT. (infobarrel.com)
The HRT that we read about in research trials such as WHI contains something like 55 different horse hormones,' says Professor John Studd, chairman of the British Menopause Society. (infobarrel.com)
It is important for people to understand that you cannot patent a naturally occurring hormone,' explains American holistic gynaecologist, Dr Christiane Northrup, acclaimed author of The Wisdom of Menopause . (infobarrel.com)
The North American Menopause Society and the U.S.Food and Drug Administration do not approve of the custom-made hormone therapies and biomedical pellets because these treatments lack sufficient support of effectiveness and safety. (reference.com)
At Nuffield Health Brentwood Hospital our experienced women's health consultants can help you counteract the negative effects of menopause through a hormone replacement therapy treatment plan, tailored to you. (nuffieldhealth.com)
At Nuffield Health Bentwood Hospital our expert gynaecologists specialise in HRT 'hormone replacement therapy' and can provide you with a personalised hormone replacement treatment plan, which will help you counteract and battle the unpleasant symptoms of the menopause. (nuffieldhealth.com)
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) replaces your lost hormones to counteract the effects of the menopause. (nuffieldhealth.com)
Some earlier studies had suggested that the supplemental hormones that women take to relieve night sweats and hot flashes associated with menopause could also protect the heart and brain from aging-related decline. (time.com)
So for women at average-risk of heart disease or breast cancer, which make up the majority of those who might take HRT during menopause menopause, the panel recommends against long-term use of the hormones. (time.com)
That practice is supported by a recent study published in the British Medical Journal that found estrogen-only hormone therapy shortly after menopause doesn't result in an increase in heart risks. (time.com)
The task force says more research is needed on the use of HRT among women who are transitioning through menopause, and the effects the hormones can have on women of different ages. (time.com)
Women who use hormone replacement therapy to relieve menopause symptoms face a lower risk of death and show lower levels of atherosclerosis, plaque buildup in the heart's arteries, compared to women who do not use hormone therapy. (medindia.net)
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is usually used to relieve symptoms of the menopause. (medindia.net)
It helps to restore hormones the level of which gets decreased during menopause. (medindia.net)
At Nuffield Health Bournemouth Hospital our expert gynaecologists can provide you with rapid access to hormone replacement therapy which can help counteract the symptoms of the menopause. (nuffieldhealth.com)
Our experienced gynaecologists at Nuffield Health Bournemouth Hospital can provide you with a personal hormone replacement treatment plan that will help you battle the unpleasant symptoms of the menopause. (nuffieldhealth.com)
Hormone replacement therapy is the most effective treatment for climacteric symptoms of women in different stages of the menopause. (novonordisk.com)
Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and estrogen plus progesterone hormone replacement therapy (HRT) alleviate symptoms of menopause and attenuate bone loss ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
For years hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used to combat menopause and many of the same hormones used have also been a large part in the fight against cancer and aides but it is in recent years these same drugs, which have been used by athletes for decades are no being uses as a means to combat old age or to simply give someone an added edge in life itself. (steroid.com)
Researching for her book, "Sex, Lies, and Menopause: The Shocking Truth About Synthetic Hormones and the Benefits of Natural Alternatives.S. Wiley asked a question. (articlesfactory.com)
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can alleviate symptoms of menopause including hot flushes, sweats, headaches and mood changes. (healthexpress.co.uk)
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is recommended for women who require relief from the symptoms of menopause at any age. (healthexpress.co.uk)
The menopause means that the female hormones adjust causing an egg to stop being produced every 4 weeks. (healthexpress.co.uk)
Hormone replacement therapy is typically used to alleviate the sometimes severe symptoms associated with menopause, and creams or sprays that are absorbed by the skin are a popular route of administration. (petmd.com)
Relieve menopause symptoms and restore lost vitality with bio-identical hormone replacement therapy. (virtua.org)
They had already gone through menopause but felt worse with traditional hormone replacement…or felt better with traditional hormone replacement, but stopped their hormones because of recent cancer and heart disease scares associated with Prempro. (ksl.com)
They raise blood hormone levels to where they were before menopause. (empowher.com)
More study is needed, but researchers say these early findings should at least raise awareness among doctors and patients about the impact of other medicine and environmental factors when prescribing hormones, for menopause or even for birth control. (kcbd.com)
Women are now afraid to consider birth control pills or menopause hormone therapy. (herplace.com)
Although both synthetic and natural hormone replacement therapy (aka bioidentical hormone replacement therapy) aim to help women and men find relief during the transitional years of menopause and andropause, the two methods are vastly different in terms of their safety and efficacy. (bodylogicmd.com)
The highly trained practitioners of the BodyLogicMD network have helped tens of thousands of women and men find relief from the effects of hormone imbalance brought on by menopause and andropause (low testosterone in men occurring at middle-age). (bodylogicmd.com)
A Primal woman's first reaction to the prospect of taking synthetic hormone replacements for menopause? (marksdailyapple.com)
Menopause achieves this by down-regulating the hormones and weakening the tissues necessary for conception. (marksdailyapple.com)
HORMONE replacement therapy used by millions of women before and after the menopause does not impact memory, scientists have found. (medworm.com)
Natural News) Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), or simply hormone therapy (HT), is the only medical treatment that successfully minimizes the side effects of menopause, such as hot flashes and night sweats. (medworm.com)
Like other forms of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) is designed to replace the hormones that we lose while in the grips of menopause. (bodylogicmd.com)
At that point, combining the use of bioidentical hormones with a healthy lifestyle could be just the thing you need to correct the imbalance of your hormone levels that come with the onset of menopause and andropause. (bodylogicmd.com)
Most of the hormone replacement therapies take place for conditions like Menopause in woman (Estrogen Therapy). (prsync.com)
HRT has benefits and risks - see the November/December 1995 issue of the McDougall Newsletter for recommendations on the safest way to replace hormones after menopause. (drmcdougall.com)
The report indicated an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and breast cancer in women using some forms of hormone replacement therapy during menopause. (greatriverhealthsystem.org)
Your decision about use of medicines related to menopause, whether they be hormone replacements or other medicines for osteoporosis, or menopausal symptoms, should viewed as only a small part of your overall health picture. (greatriverhealthsystem.org)
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment for women who have reached or passed menopause, which often is referred to as "the change of life. (experts123.com)
Hormone replacement therapy involves the replacement of the hormones in the body whose levels have become low, in case of women nearing menopause or patient with growth hormone deficiency due to conditions such as dwarfism. (marketresearch.com)
Estrogen replacement therapy is a type of therapy in which estrogen hormones are commonly used to treat the symptoms of menopause. (marketresearch.com)
Hormone replacement therapy or HRT includes medication that replaces hormones in the body that are lost during menopause. (earthturns.com)
This replacement can help with relieving the symptoms of menopause and helping the body achieve balance. (earthturns.com)
Luckily, there are natural alternatives that can help with hormone replacement during menopause. (earthturns.com)
It works as a natural alternative to estrogen replacement and can help offset the decreasing amounts of estrogen during menopause. (earthturns.com)
Wilson's best-selling book said that menopause was an illness that could be treated with estrogen, and that the feminine hormone could keep women young, healthy and attractive.Wilson's book begins with an anecdote from a man who asked Wilson to put his wife on estrogen. (democracynow.org)

The main hormonal medications used in HRT for menopausal symptoms are estrogens and progestogens , among which progesterone is the major naturally-occurring female sex hormone and also a manufactured medication used in menopausal hormone therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Progesterone and estrogen are two widely used medications for hormone replacement. (wikihow.com)
Progesterone "only" therapy can be used by women who have their uterus. (wikihow.com)
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) sometimes called estrogent replacement therapy or ERT, refers to a woman taking supplements of hormones such as estrogen alone or estrogen with another hormone called progesterone (progestin in its synthetic form). (news-medical.net)
The new study bolsters evidence that the therapy, which involves the use of supplemental estrogen, sometimes along with progesterone or similar hormones, may help improve heart health and overall survival in some women. (eurekalert.org)
Research shows that HRT or any increased use of the hormones estrogen or progesterone can upset the body's natural balance, including bacteria that keep everything under control in your vagina, and once things get out of whack, a yeast infection can get started. (healthcentral.com)
HRT can include the hormones estrogen or progesterone, or a combination of both. (empowher.com)
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is treatment that combines ERT (estrogen only) with a form of the hormone progesterone. (empowher.com)
Cyclic HRT -This treatment provides estrogen for 25 days each month, adding progesterone on the last 10-14 days out of 25, followed by 3-6 days of no therapy. (empowher.com)
The daily dose of progesterone is much lower than the daily dose in cyclic therapy, which may result in a lower total dose over the course of the month. (empowher.com)
These hormones - mainly oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone - are biochemically identical (bio-identical) to those made by the human female body. (infobarrel.com)
Biomedical hormone pellets, or plant-derived hormones, consist of the estrogen-like compounds estriol and estradiol as well as testosterone and progesterone, according to FOX News. (reference.com)
Alternatively, traditional hormone replacement therapy uses the female hormones progesterone and estrogen to alleviate aging symptoms and menopausal symptoms, explains WebMD. (reference.com)
Some studies have suggested that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) or estrogen plus progesterone replacement therapy (hormone replacement therapy [HRT]) increases insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance ( 3 , 4 ), whereas others have shown little benefit or adverse effects ( 5 , 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
This information includes the type of estrogen used (conjugated equine estrogen [CEE] or 17β-estradiol), whether estrogen is taken alone or in combination with progesterone, the route of estrogen administration (oral or transdermal), and the duration of hormone therapy. (diabetesjournals.org)
For a woman who still has her uterus, and is prescribed estrogen therapy, she must also take progesterone. (makeitbetter.net)
OBJECTIVE -The purpose of this study was to determine whether insulin sensitivity differs between postmenopausal women taking estradiol, women on estrogen plus progesterone hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and women not on HRT and whether differences are explained by the differences in total and/or abdominal adiposity and fat deposition in the muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
Nevertheless, a comparison of insulin sensitivity and concomitant characterization of total and visceral obesity and mid-thigh low-density lean tissue (a marker of intra-muscular fat) in women taking estrogen, taking estrogen plus progesterone, and not taking hormone therapy has not been conducted. (diabetesjournals.org)
Progesterone Hormone Therapy Cream is the natural way to boost levels of the vital hormone and alleviate the side effects of HRT. (antiaging-systems.com)
Progesterone Hormone Therapy Cream is. (antiaging-systems.com)
A natural hormone can't be bio-identical unless it replaces precisely the "natural" rhythmic levels of someone's own estrogen and progesterone. (articlesfactory.com)
She is also the developer of The Wiley Protocol ( http://www.thewileyprotocol.com ), a trademarked patent pending delivery system consisting of bio-identical estradiol and progesterone in topical cream preparations dosed in a rhythm to mimic the natural cyclic hormone levels of a twenty year-old female. (articlesfactory.com)
Estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone are some of the hormones that undergo replication to help in treatment. (articlecity.com)
These hormones are estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone. (articlecity.com)
The United States Foods and Drug Administration (FDA) has endorsed some bioidentical hormones such as progesterone and bioidentical estriol. (articlecity.com)
The main purpose of HRT is to help replenish oestrogen levels, although some hormone replacement therapy may also contain progesterone, which can help endometrial health. (healthexpress.co.uk)
Hormones can play a role in the treatment of a variety of other human medical conditions as well, so anybody who is using a topical estrogen-progesterone product, beware. (petmd.com)
Excessive bleeding, a troublesome side-effect that causes many women to stop taking hormone replacement therapies (HRT), is less likely with progesterone than with more commonly used synthetic versions. (scienceblog.com)
We can now test the levels of 5 important hormones through the saliva - estrogen, progesterone, DHEA, testosterone, and cortisol. (ksl.com)
Natural forms of estrogen and progesterone are much safer and much more effective than the traditional synthetic hormones that are now falling out of favor in the medical community. (ksl.com)
Since estrogen-only therapy carries an increased risk of endometrial cancer (for women who have not had their uterus removed), progesterone is often taken in tandem with estrogen to help provide a balance between the two hormones and avoid the negative effects of estrogen or progesterone dominance. (bodylogicmd.com)
When the subjects' data were stratified according to current versus previous therapy, or to unopposed estrogen versus estrogen-progesterone combination therapy, the results were unchanged. (ahajournals.org)
Progesterone cream also promotes a more efficient use of the thyroid hormone by the body, and reverses osteoporosis, protects against breast cancer, decreases fibrocystic breast disease and reduces the incidence of ovarian cysts. (holistic-online.com)
A greater percentage of women who received estrogen-progesterone replacement (26%, 10 of 38) demonstrated changes than those who received estrogen alone (17%, two of 12), but the difference was not statistically significant. (nih.gov)
A woman on cyclic therapy receives estrogen alone for about 15 days, then estrogen plus progesterone for 10 days, and then nothing for 5 days each month. (sharecare.com)
So ladies please don't rule out oral bioidentical progesterone therapy--it worked for me and it could work for you. (progesteronetherapy.com)
Oral progesterone goes into the GI tract and goes to the liver directly and is transformed into a different hormone called allopregnaneolone. (progesteronetherapy.com)
This study will determine the effects of hormone replacement therapy (estrogen alone or estrogen and progesterone) on the walls of arteries in postmenopausal women. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The principal hormones used in HRT are estrogen and progesterone. (indiaparenting.com)
Specific hormones used in BHT include estrone, estradiol, progesterone (which are available both in FDA-approved manufactured products and as pharmacy-compounded products), testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (both testosterone and DHEA have some stringent limits placed on their availability and approval in Canada and the United States), and estriol (which is available in Europe but is not approved in Canada and the United States). (wikipedia.org)
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is synthetic estrogen and progesterone (progestin) designed to 'replace' a woman's depleting hormone levels. (imaginis.com)
HRT involves taking small doses of one or two female hormones, estrogen and progesterone. (experts123.com)

From large pharmaceuticals marketing the latest synthetic low testosterone replacement roll-on to celebrities extolling the virtues of Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy, (BHRT) as a virtual fountain of youth. (authorhouse.com)
In my field, we tend to choose hormones that most closely resemble those that we have in our bodies from the time we are conceived, and we refer to these as bio-identical hormones [BHRT]. (makeitbetter.net)
Because hormone balancing is complex, I urge anyone considering BHRT to seek a physician that is well-seasoned in hormone therapy. (makeitbetter.net)
These hormones are BHRT hormones, usually from plants like soya and yam. (antiaging-systems.com)
Examples of the therapies are bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT). (articlecity.com)
But what is BHRT, and what makes it different from other therapies for hormone replacement? (articlecity.com)
Get your bhrt therapy plan from BodyLogicMD today! (abilogic.com)
When it comes to treating symptoms of hormonal imbalance, BodyLogicMD-affiliated practitioners only practice natural bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) that uses compounded bioidentical hormones from BodyLogicMD's network of trusted compounding pharmacies. (bodylogicmd.com)
What sets BHRT apart from traditional HRT that uses synthetic hormones is the quality of the hormones. (bodylogicmd.com)
On the other hand, BHRT uses natural replacement hormones, often derived from plants, which have been engineered to be chemically identical to the natural hormones found in the human body. (bodylogicmd.com)
Many doctors practitioners believe that women and men who opt for bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) instead of undergoing synthetic HRT will experience fewer adverse reactions. (bodylogicmd.com)
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT), also known as bioidentical hormone therapy or natural hormone therapy, is the use of hormones that are identical on a molecular level with endogenous hormones in hormone replacement therapy. (wikipedia.org)

hormone replacement therapy actually had life-threatening risks such as heart attacks , strokes, and cancer . (webmd.com)
So if a woman first starts hormone replacement therapy in her 60s, the initial risks are more dangerous, Salpeter says. (webmd.com)
Hormone replacement therapy has been controversial over the past few decades as studies have associated it with both health benefits--lowering the risk of osteoporosis and improving some measures of heart health, for example--and risks, including links to cancer and stroke. (eurekalert.org)
Fear over potential cancer and other risks has fueled a dramatic decrease in the number of women using hormone replacement therapy over the past 15 years. (eurekalert.org)
Contradicting research about the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy has been periodically released for years. (cnn.com)
If they are taking this hormone combination for short-term relief of symptoms, it may be reasonable to continue since the benefits are likely to outweigh the risks," Rossouw continued. (cnn.com)
We have long sought the answer to the question: Does postmenopausal hormone therapy prevent heart disease and, if it does, what are the risks? (cnn.com)
However, some doctors believe that the risks are serious enough to outweigh the benefits of the therapy for many women. (healthday.com)
[3] A progestogen is usually used in combination with an estrogen in women with intact uteruses because unopposed estrogen therapy is associated with endometrial hyperplasia and cancer and progestogens prevent these risks. (wikipedia.org)
Ultimately, the decision to use hormonal therapy is an individual one, after weighing risks, benefits, and values with a trusted health care professional. (dailycamera.com)
Therefore, to minimize these risks, some people take minimum or controlled dosages of hormone supplements. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
For some women, hormone replacement therapy is not a perfect solution because it involves some risks such as myocardial infraction, stroke, venous thromboembolism and invensive breast cancer. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
However, results of studies on estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and estrogen plus progestin suggest that the risks of long-term HRT may outweigh the benefits for many women. (empowher.com)
Although the WHI results only provided data from an oral continuous therapy, researchers say that other routes may be safer and patients should discuss the option with their doctor to weigh the risks against severity of symptoms and expected benefits. (eurekalert.org)
HRT adds these hormones back into the system to relieve uncomfortable symptoms but also carries risks of uterine and breast cancer. (reference.com)
Although the benefits and risks of the therapy are debatable by experts, the FDA agrees that it aids osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms. (reference.com)
Women choose to avoid hormone replacement therapy (HRT) due to the fear of cancer, stroke and other risks. (medindia.net)
Over the past 15 years, fear of cancer and other risks has led to dramatically fewer women using hormone replacement therapy," said Daniel S. Berman, MD, director of Cardiac Imaging at Cedars-Sinai and senior author on the study. (medindia.net)
Recommendations from national societies and medical experts state that people should consider the benefits and risks of both bioidentical and conventional hormones. (articlecity.com)
Hormone Therapy: Risks vs. (personallifemedia.com)
The WHI trial was stopped prematurely because the test statistic for invasive breast cancer exceeded the pre-determined stopping boundary and also because the trial-specific global index showed that risks exceeded benefits for users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). (mja.com.au)
Appropriate counselling on the risks and benefits of long-term HRT should be provided, after which therapy with the lowest effective dose may be resumed for as long as is required, with annual review. (mja.com.au)
Can you comment on the safety of bio identical hormone replacement VS the increased risks of breast cancer in women? (amenclinics.com)
Like many other forms of medicine, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) comes with benefits and risks. (bodylogicmd.com)
However, the benefits of bioidentical hormones far outweigh the risks. (bodylogicmd.com)
the hormones are expected to have the same risks and benefits of comparable approved drugs for which there is evidence based on extensive research and regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Risks associated with the less-controlled process of compounding bioidentical hormones are not clearly understood. (wikipedia.org)
and that compounded hormone products may have additional risks related to compounding. (wikipedia.org)
In reality, the risks of bioidentical hormones have not been studied to the extent of non-bioidentical hormones, so the risks are not well-understood. (wikipedia.org)
The WHI study helped investigators better determine some of the potential benefits and risks associated with the use of hormone replacement therapy. (greatriverhealthsystem.org)
Some of the risks of being on hormones include stroke, blood clots, breast cancer, and heart disease. (earthturns.com)
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) has been much in the news because of the findings of the WHI (Women s Health Initiative) study which found some increased risks in one of the groups in the study. (hormonehelpny.com)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the use of synthetic or natural female hormones to make up for the decline or lack of natural hormones produced in a woman's body. (encyclopedia.com)
The hormones lost are replaced with a synthetic substitute that mimics the body's natural hormonal process. (wikihow.com)
Dr. Sosin of the Institute for Progressive Medicine argues that these natural pellets are safer than synthetic pills or hormonal replacement medications, such as Premarin, because they mimic the body's hormones. (reference.com)
Those marketing compounded bioidentical hormones usually claim that they are more effective and safer compared to synthetic hormones. (articlecity.com)
But, the hormones for traditional HRT come from pregnant horses' urine and other synthetic hormones. (articlecity.com)
Each of these clinical trials used only one form of estrogen Premarin derived from the urine of horses, and a synthetic progestin Provera both hormones not at all identical to anything our bodies ever made naturally, a point rarely mentioned in the coverage. (herplace.com)
Bioidentical human forms of hormone products need to be used instead of horse-derived or synthetic progestins that have very different and often negative effects on the human body. (herplace.com)
The human body often struggles to metabolize synthetic hormones, and that leads the body to identify and treat those hormones as foreign toxins. (bodylogicmd.com)
For many, treatment with synthetic hormones seems to be better tested. (cascadebusnews.com)
On the contrary, bioidentical HRT is better than therapy provided with help of synthetic chemicals. (cascadebusnews.com)
Synthetic forms of T4 hormone are the most common hypothyroidism treatment. (endocrineweb.com)
Though synthetic thyroid hormones are the most popular thyroid hormone replacement options, animal thyroid medications are also available. (endocrineweb.com)
However, many doctors believe that synthetic thyroid hormones are the best-and safest-option. (endocrineweb.com)
This is because the blood levels of the hormone are more predictable with the synthetic forms than the animal source pills. (endocrineweb.com)
Synthetic hormones are mass-produced in different pre-determined strengths and marketed to the general populace. (bodylogicmd.com)
Each bioidentical hormone prescription is custom-compounded based on each patient's individual diagnostic results, making bioidentical hormones safer and more effective than synthetic hormones. (bodylogicmd.com)

We have evidence that hormone therapy can prevent heart disease , hip fractures , and osteoporosis , and that it cuts the risk of developing diabetes by 30% in younger women," says Shelley R. Salpeter, MD, a clinical professor of medicine at Stanford University's School of Medicine. (webmd.com)
So, if osteoporosis is the primary issue, then hormone replacement therapy may be the right choice for the first decade. (dailycamera.com)
The levels of these hormones drop after a female's period halts and can create osteoporosis, or bone thinning, and vaginal dryness. (reference.com)
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has always been a double-edged sword with some studies reporting lower risk of osteoporosis and improvement in heart function and others linking it to higher risk of cancer and stroke. (medindia.net)
A drop in hormones can also lead to a drop in bone mass, which can make women more vulnerable to conditions such as osteoporosis. (healthexpress.co.uk)
HRT reduces fracture risk and remains appropriate therapy for osteoporosis, particularly in women with symptoms. (mja.com.au)
The second compound -- valproic acid (trade name Depakote) -- has a similar chemical structure as egme and is among the top 100 drugs prescribed in the U.S., used to treat bipolar disorder, seizures and migraines.estrogen helps feed breast cancer tumors, but researchers say the hormone also helps boost bone growth so the compounds may have a positive effect on osteoporosis. (kcbd.com)

4 The publication of the heart and oestrogen-progestin replacement study (HERS) 5 and women's health initiative (WHI) 6 study, both of which found adverse effects, has added to the confusion. (bmj.com)
For women without a hysterectomy, the only recommended hormone replacement therapy is the combination of estrogen and progestin, which does not cause an increased risk of uterine cancer. (healthday.com)
[9] In 2012 and 2017, the United States Preventive Task Force (USPSTF) concluded that the harmful effects of combined estrogen and progestin therapy are likely to exceed the chronic disease prevention benefits in most women. (wikipedia.org)
The new findings appear contrary to two large, well-publicized studies, the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study and the Women s Health Initiative, which found no difference in mortality rates for those taking HRT or a placebo. (innovations-report.com)
Shortly thereafter a large clinical trial was begun to see if estrogen/progestin therapy (HRT) would be of benefit to postmenopausal women with heart disease. (yourhealthbase.com)
This trial, the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS), involved 2763 postmenopausal women with documented coronary heart disease. (yourhealthbase.com)
Negative reports from the Women s Health initiative (WHI) and Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) hit the media like a nuclear explosion in the summer of 2002. (herplace.com)
The study was conducted with the participants in the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement study (HERS), a randomized, placebo-controlled study involving 2763 women with coronary disease that extensively tested HRT consisting of conjugated estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone, the most common formulation prescribed in the U.S. (ucsf.edu)
In July 2002, the National Institutes of Health halted a large study on HRT, called the Women's Health Initiative because the combined estrogen/progestin regimen of the therapy was found to cause 8 cases of invasive breast cancer for every 10,000 women on HRT (a 26 percent increase in breast cancer risk compared to women who do not take HRT) (1). (imaginis.com)
One regimen involved use of two hormones -- an estrogen and a progestin, and was given to women who had not had a hysterectomy. (greatriverhealthsystem.org)
During this same period, prescriptions for HRT declined rapidly, following highly-publicized reports from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study that showed an increased risk of breast cancer, heart disease, stroke, blood clots, and urinary incontinence among postmenopausal women who were using hormone replacement therapy that included both estrogen and progestin. (nih.gov)

Doctors stopped prescribing hormone replacement therapy and 65% of women on HRT quit, according to Schiff. (webmd.com)
And, he notes, there is no evidence that any benefit would last if women kept taking hormones as they got older. (webmd.com)
In older women, hormone replacement therapy seemed to increase cardiac events in the first year, and then began to reduce them after two years. (webmd.com)
In hard numbers, Salpeter estimates that of women aged 50 to 59 who don't get hormone replacement therapy, about 7 out of 4,800 will have a cardiac event in one year. (webmd.com)
Our series on HRT explains the different types of hormone therapy for women who have different needs. (bellaonline.com)
These results suggest that caffeine reduces the risk of Parkinson's disease among women who do not use postmenopausal hormones, but increases risk among hormone users," Ascherio says in a news release. (webmd.com)
Jan. 13, 2009 -- A new study is showing negative effects of a once-popular therapy for postmenopausal women, leading some to wonder how it might affect younger women still using the treatment. (go.com)
The National Institutes of Health study looked at women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study, which is a subset of the largest study of hormone replacement therapy. (go.com)
The study found that, overall, women taking the hormones had smaller frontal brain lobes than women who did not follow the treatment. (go.com)
In this new study, women older than 65 were shown to have an decrease in brain volume if they took the hormone therapy. (go.com)
She noted, however, that the hormone regimen seemed only to accelerate a mental decline in women who had shown signs of decline before starting treatment. (go.com)
She noted that when women first began hormone treatments, it was expected to boost rather than impair brain power. (go.com)
Women now on hormone therapy probably have little to fear at this time from the study, as recommendations would exclude any women of the ages looked at in the study from taking hormone therapy. (go.com)
Still, Resnick said that her study might ultimately affect younger women following the therapy. (go.com)
Estrogen "only" therapy is used by women that had a hysterectomy or removal of the uterus. (wikihow.com)
Recent British studies have shown that 60% of women aged 51-7 years have taken hormone replacement therapy, 1 with 45% having tried it by the time they are 50. (bmj.com)
2 In the United States, about 38% of postmenopausal women take hormone replacement therapy. (bmj.com)
Women are increasingly encouraged to participate in making decisions about hormone replacement therapy. (bmj.com)
In this article, we define who should be offered hormone replacement therapy and why, describe the reasons why women may wish to take hormone replacement therapy, and clarify the advantages and disadvantages of treatment. (bmj.com)
What creams are available for hormone replacement for women? (drugs.com)
Forty-one percent of the women reported taking hormone replacement therapy at the time of their calcium scan. (eurekalert.org)
Use of hormone therapy was highest between 1998-2002 and gradually decreased during the study period from more than 60 percent of women in 1998 to 23 percent of women in 2012. (eurekalert.org)
After accounting for age, coronary calcium score and cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, women using hormone replacement therapy were overall 30 percent less likely to die than those not on hormone therapy. (eurekalert.org)
Women using hormone replacement therapy were also 20 percent more likely to have a coronary calcium score of zero (the lowest possible score, indicating a low likelihood of heart attack) and 36 percent less likely to have a coronary calcium score above 399 (indicative of severe atherosclerosis and high heart attack risk). (eurekalert.org)
Women and their doctors weigh many factors when deciding whether or not to use hormone replacement therapy. (eurekalert.org)
It was big news in 2002 when researchers called a halt to a major government-run study of a hormone therapy used by millions of older women. (healthday.com)
Not only were women more likely to develop breast cancer if they took the hormones, researchers wrote, but their tumors tended to be larger and more advanced than breast cancers that developed in women who took a placebo. (healthday.com)
Women on combination hormone therapy were also more likely to have abnormal mammograms -- even in the first year of treatment -- than women taking a placebo, according to the same study. (healthday.com)
Some women may be able to take hormone replacement therapy to treat hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms in the short term without any ill effects. (healthday.com)
A study revealed that post-menopausal women should think twice before going in for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) because it is tied to breast cancer globally. (thehindu.com)
This question addresses the long-term use of hormone replacement therapy as a preventive health strategy for post-menopausal women. (dailycamera.com)
Then, in 2002, the Women's Health Initiative, a massive National Institutes of Health-sponsored study of women's health issues, reported a significant increase in breast cancer in women using hormone replacement therapy. (dailycamera.com)
The good news is that hormone treatment programs aren't just for women or for just for treating menopausal and female issues. (seniormag.com)
It raises serious questions about the 'facts' that have led women and their doctors to believe hormone therapy (often called HRT) is unsafe. (medicalnewstoday.com)
It turns out that menopausal women are more susceptible to annoying yeast infections if they are on hormone replacement therapy. (healthcentral.com)
Provides information about bioidentical hormone replacement therapy programs for men and women. (botw.org)
Hormone replacement therapy can also lead to menopausal related problems in women. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
It has been found from the study that women who have undergone Hormone replacement therapy may develop breast cancer. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
Despite all sorts of Risk factors for hormone replacement therapy, many women are looking to adopt hormone replacement therapy. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
Breakthrough uterine bleeding occurs in some women on this schedule, but usually stops within the first six months of therapy. (empowher.com)
Perimenopausal and menopausal women re urged to do their own research before making the very personal decision of whether to seek hormone-replacement therapy. (wpbf.com)
Don t categorically reject hormone replacement therapy (HRT) just yet: When women begin HRT before age 60, their risk of death is 39 percent less than women not on hormones, according to a new survey. (innovations-report.com)
These women are advocates of the latest treatment of menopausal systems, which uses made-to-order bio-identical hormones that are biochemically identical to those naturally occurring in a woman's body. (infobarrel.com)
Their feelings about prescription hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is shared by a growing number of women, particularly since major research studies on both sides of the Atlantic (the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) in the US and the Million Women's Study in the UK) were published. (infobarrel.com)
A growing number of women, however, are finding that they can still use hormones to balance their menopausal symptoms - without increasing their risk of ill health or experiencing serious side effects. (infobarrel.com)
Having seen first hand the exceptional benefits of bio-identical hormones used by countless women, I would always promote this new treatment over FDA-approved HRT,' he says. (infobarrel.com)
June 28, 2005 - Research shows that short-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is appropriate for peri- and postmenopausal women. (eurekalert.org)
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on HbA 1c levels in Japanese postmenopausal women and to determine whether the effects varied with age. (diabetesjournals.org)
We focused on subjects taking continuous oral CEE plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), which is the most common and widely recommended HRT preparation for women with an intact uterus, to exclude factors concerning hormone prescriptions that may affect the results. (diabetesjournals.org)
Experts speculate that declines in hormone levels are happening at a younger age in part due to higher levels of stress placed on young men and women. (webwire.com)
Stress is a major contributor of hormone imbalances and can cause symptoms associated with aging in men and women as young as thirty or forty. (webwire.com)
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy is an effective treatment offered at American Longevity Center for men or women suffering from a hormone deficiency. (webwire.com)
American Longevity Center offers hormone replacement therapy and advanced healthy aging medicine for men and women who want to look and feel their best as they age. (webwire.com)
But use of hormone therapy declined after a 2002 Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study found little difference in rates of heart disease among women who used HRT and those who did not. (time.com)
In 1995 researchers at the Harvard Medical School reported that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increased the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. (yourhealthbase.com)
Hormone replacement therapy coupled with proper screening and follow-up, may help improve heart health and overall survival in women. (medindia.net)
This new study suggests that with proper screening and follow-up, therapy with supplemental estrogen or similar hormones may help improve heart health and overall survival in some women. (medindia.net)
Women with an average age of 64 years used HRT, while those in the non-therapy group were younger with an average age of 60 years. (medindia.net)
Researchers caution that women who have already had a heart attack, have known heart disease or a history of blood clots are advised against taking hormone replacement therapy. (medindia.net)
There is a great deal yet to be learned about which men and women may require and benefit from hormone-replacement therapy. (howstuffworks.com)
Prior to 2002, giving women hormones during the peri and menopausal years was considered the standard of care. (makeitbetter.net)
In 2001, 17.9 million women were on at least one hormone replacement therapy [HRT] drug. (makeitbetter.net)
Women and doctors both reacted by having women stop their hormones, and many did so almost overnight. (makeitbetter.net)
By 2008, only 5.9 million women remained on hormones. (makeitbetter.net)
In recent years, many well-respected publications have indicated that these responses may have been more dangerous for both men and women than the hormones themselves. (makeitbetter.net)
Estrogen replacement therapy has been reported to have no effect on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women ( 14 , 15 , 16 ) and to improve carbohydrate metabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes ( 17 , 18 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
It's important for men and women to understand the challenges they and their partners face during all stages of life-and to be aware of therapies that enhance libido and performance in both sexes. (whitakerwellness.com)
Women who were currently taking HRT had three times the cancer rate as women who were not undergoing the therapy. (naturalnews.com)
Previous studies have shown that unacceptable bleeding is the reason that most women discontinue HRT during the first year of therapy. (scienceblog.com)
Hormone imbalance is also the most common reason that otherwise healthy women don't feel good. (ksl.com)
We also now understand that hormone imbalance affects women of all ages and often explains the medical dilemmas that I described above. (ksl.com)
Estrogen and Testosterone pellet therapy for hormone replacement in women and men. (abilogic.com)
The second important point Shifren wants women to understand is there are two types of hormone therapy: systemic hormone therapy and low-dose vaginal estrogens. (empowher.com)
Women will lose bone density very quickly when they come off systemic hormone therapy," Shifren said. (empowher.com)
Stuenkel says women who have had uterine or endometrial cancer, as well as diabetics, are in a gray area, with opinions on the safety of hormone therapy varying by doctor. (empowher.com)
Stuenkel says the use of hormone therapies in women who don't need them for bothersome hot flashes is the last great debate on the subject. (empowher.com)
Should women be given hormone therapy for prevention? (empowher.com)
This does not happen to all women but there is research that claims the hormone balance does change and can have a dramatic effect. (hishairclinic.com)
The alarmist headlines made it appear that more women died taking hormones. (herplace.com)
Women vary in response to hormones just as they do to other classes of medicines (and herbs). (herplace.com)
Women must have hormone options individually tailored to their needs. (herplace.com)
The gold standard serum (blood) tests for hormone levels are reliable for management of infertility in younger women. (herplace.com)
In our interview Dr. Wright mentions two books, Maximize Your Vitality and Potency - For Men Over 40 (1999) (publisher's title-topic is mostly testosterone replacement for men who need it) by Jonathan Wright and Lane Leonard and Natural Hormone Replacement for Women Over 45 by Jonathan Wright and John Morgenthaler (1997). (the-moneychanger.com)
You must know about natural hormone replacement therapy because I've got your book for women in one hand and in the other your book for men. (the-moneychanger.com)
Testosterone is the primary hormone responsible for libido in both men and women. (amenclinics.com)
Women suffering from chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, depression, and other issues often have very low testosterone levels and can improve dramatically with testosterone replacement. (amenclinics.com)
Many women on birth control pills can have an extremely low testosterone level because of the increase in SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) caused by the pills, that suck up all the available testosterone. (amenclinics.com)
In this issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology , Herrington and colleagues 23 report the effect of hormone replacement therapy on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in 1662 women participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly. (ahajournals.org)
Overall, Herrington and colleagues 23 found no significant difference in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the 291 women with current or previous hormone replacement therapy (largely unopposed estrogen) compared with the women who had never received replacement therapy. (ahajournals.org)
Interestingly, when the patients were stratified according to age, the presence of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular medication use, and risk factors, there was a benefit of hormone replacement therapy that was restricted to younger, lower-risk women. (ahajournals.org)
A retrospective study of radiologic findings from 50 postmenopausal women who underwent hormone replacement therapy was performed to determine the frequency and distribution of changes in the screen-film mammographic appearance of breast tissue between pretreatment and posttreatment mammography. (nih.gov)
The authors conclude that benign increases in mammographic density associated with postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy are not uncommon, and they suggest that the serial changes observed in some women may diminish the sensitivity of mammography for the earlier detection of breast cancer. (nih.gov)
For women who have not had a hysterectomy, the traditional way of prescribing HRT simulates the normal monthly cycling of hormones in the body. (sharecare.com)
Predictors of Initiating Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. (medworm.com)
Bio-identical hormones are most commonly prescribed to treat symptoms of hormonal imbalance in women and men, such as hot flashes, night sweats, loss of libido, fatigue, weight gain, mood swings, and irritability. (bodylogicmd.com)
Women in both groups will take pills for 3 months, then no pills for 1 month, and then will crossover to the alternate therapy for 3 months (i.e., those in the original placebo group will take hormones, and those in the hormone group will take placebo). (clinicaltrials.gov)
As such, it may be used in the future to help guide decisions about chronic hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Another menopausal myth is challenged: Women with existing coronary disease do not realize improvement in their cognitive function as a result of taking the most common form of hormone replacement therapy, a UCSF study has found. (ucsf.edu)
In these women, who are often suffering from flushes and trouble sleeping, treatment with hormones might improve attention and performance on cognitive tests. (ucsf.edu)
While a quarter have severe symptoms, of these only a small proportion of menopausal women currently take hormone replacement therapy. (prsync.com)
Further, several researches shows that women with high susceptibility to coronary diseases should not go for hormone replacement therapy thereby decreasing the size of target audience. (prsync.com)
The year 2002 was one of worry for women who were taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to combat troublesome menopausal symptoms. (lfpress.com)
Bioidentical hormones were first used for menopausal symptom relief in the 1930s, after Canadian researcher James Collip developed a method to extract an orally active estrogen from the urine of pregnant women and marketed it as the active agent in a product called Emmenin. (wikipedia.org)
Long-term post menopausal hormone use, obesity, and fat distribution in older women" by Donna Oritz-Silverstein in the January 3rd, 1996 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association found hormone replacement therapy, whether used intermittently or continuously for 15 years or more, is not associated with weight gain and central obesity that is commonly observed in post menopausal women. (drmcdougall.com)
A total of 671 women, average age 60.5 at the beginning of the study and 76.3 at the end, enrolled in the Rancho Bernardo Study were examined for hormone use and body mass and size. (drmcdougall.com)
Women on hormone replacement therapy are generally better educated and more affluent than women who do not take hormones - either because they are more knowledgeable about potential benefits of hormones or they can afford more contacts with doctors who like to prescribe HRT. (drmcdougall.com)
Most importantly, better educated women are more likely to follow healthier diets and exercise, which may be the reason there was no weight gain observed in these women taking hormones. (drmcdougall.com)
She currently specializes in treating women with menopausal symptoms and hormone deficiencies. (virtua.org)
She is eager to use natural hormone therapy to help both women and men with hormone imbalances achieve life changing benefits, healthy aging and well-being. (virtua.org)
Hormone replacement therapy, in one form or another, continues to be a very viable alternative for many women seeking help with short- or long-term health concerns. (greatriverhealthsystem.org)
It ends with a discussion on pituitary hormone replacement in women. (eur.nl)
Hormone Replacement Therapy, or HRT, is beneficial to both men and women. (experts123.com)
The women thinking about the negative effects of hormone replacement therapy ought to know that young women show different side effects than older women. (altmedicinezone.com)
Doctors say that women should have therapy only for up to five years, because after this period the disadvantages will outweigh the advantages. (altmedicinezone.com)
When the link between breast cancer and HRT was first confirmed in the WHI, which was a randomized clinical trial, women in the study were asked to discontinue their study medications (either placebo or hormones), and were encouraged to continue undergoing annual mammography. (nih.gov)
Hormone replacement therapy is taken by millions of menopausal women in the US. (democracynow.org)
She is the author of many books on the women's health industry including "The Doctor's Case Against the Pill" (one of the first indictments of the birth control pill, published in 1969) and "Women and the Crisis in Sex Hormones. (democracynow.org)

Can a male use female hormones pills to soften the features on their body? (drugs.com)
HRT replaces the female hormones your body has lost to maintain a balance, allowing you to function without experiencing any emotional or physical changes. (healthexpress.co.uk)

This book is to serve as a guide to understanding the role hormones have in assessing symptoms that may be aggravated by hormonal imbalances or deficiencies. (authorhouse.com)
The last half of this book contains a clinical reference guide to help healthcare practitioners check for hormonal imbalances and recommend dosing of bioidentical hormones in the treatment of their patients. (authorhouse.com)
We can then look at those hormone levels (and also at the ratios between the various levels) and specifically design the proper combination of hormones to bring each individual person back into hormonal balance. (ksl.com)
Restoring lost hormones can relieve us of the menopausal symptoms that result from hormonal imbalance. (bodylogicmd.com)
Covering: An in-depth study of the global hormone replacement therapy market and segmentation by type of hormonal therapy (estrogen replacement therapy and growth hormone replacement therapy), by route of administration (oral, parenteral, and transdermal), and by geography (the Americas, EMEA, and APAC). (marketresearch.com)
Therefore, development of low-dose oral drugs and locally acting transdermal hormonal replacement products with high efficacy is expected to captivate the attention of players in the hormonal replacement market. (marketresearch.com)
While some argue that hormonal therapy does not truly masculinize or feminize, the question is one of definitions. (susans.org)
Results of this study suggest that micronized slow-release bioidentical hormones are effective for treating menopausal hormonal deficiencies. (ijpc.com)

Thus, when there is an imbalance in your hormones, it can affect health and entire well-being. (articlecity.com)
When people experience a hormone drop or imbalance, they use hormone replacement therapies. (articlecity.com)
Hormone imbalance is one of the main causes for premature aging. (ksl.com)
Increase female and male libido, weight loss with anti-aging hormone imbalance health procedure. (abilogic.com)
Don't settle for the "your blood tests are normal so you are fine" response from your doctor if you feel that you may be experiencing hormone imbalance. (amenclinics.com)
A hormone imbalance can cause problems with bodily growth, sexual development, metabolism and other bodily functions. (sharecare.com)

Low-dose vaginal estrogens do not raise blood hormone levels and are often used to treat vaginal dryness. (empowher.com)
Those doses do raise blood hormone levels and are not the same as low-dose vaginal estrogens. (empowher.com)
We must strip away the myths surrounding hormones and hormone therapy, including such misconceptions as All estrogens are the same and How you take hormones doesn t matter. (herplace.com)
Both substances, alternative practitioners believe, quell flashes by putting mild plant estrogens or plant hormones back into the system, which reportedly help to offset menopause's estrogen deficit. (holistic-online.com)
However, the body will start reacting to the male growth hormone by converting it to estrogens which are the female growth hormones. (saching.com)
Its purpose in the male hormone replacement therapy is to block the conversion of testosterone to estrogens. (saching.com)
The result of this hormone therapy is increased testosterone and inhibited estrogens production. (saching.com)

We're definitely in a gray zone of uncertainty about hormone therapy," says Jacques Rossouw, MD, project officer for the federal Women's Health Initiative (WHI). (webmd.com)
The bottom-line answer from [the Women's Health Initiative] is that this combined form of hormone therapy is unlikely to benefit the heart," said Dr. Claude Lenfant, director of the heart, lung and blood institute, in a statement. (cnn.com)

March 12, 2003 -- Hormone replacement therapy reduces a woman's risk of Parkinson's disease -- if she's not a coffee drinker. (webmd.com)
HRT replaces hormones that a woman's body should be making or used to make. (news-medical.net)
Wyeth won the first case in a series of lawsuits over its hormone replacement drugs on Friday when a federal jury rejected a woman's claim the drugs caused her breast cancer. (law.com)
The problem is that these same hormones and tissues also figure prominently in a woman's enjoyment of life and overall health. (marksdailyapple.com)

What can one take if estradiol, or any hormone replacement therapy, isn't an option? (drugs.com)

I think that this gives biological support to the findings about the effects of hormone therapy on cognition," Brewer said. (go.com)

Hormone replacement therapy resulted in lower atherosclerosis and improved survival for all age groups and for all levels of coronary calcium," Arnson said. (eurekalert.org)
[1] [2] These symptoms can include hot flashes , vaginal atrophy and dryness , and bone loss , among others, and are caused by diminished levels of sex hormones in the menopausal period. (wikipedia.org)
We need healthy hormone and vitamin levels to function and feed the repair loops we have for tissue in the body.Without the right balance of hormones our bodies suffer and we are driven to a life where we donot function optimally. (authorhouse.com)
A study found that 1 to 2 years after combination hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is stopped, breast cancer risk drops back to pre-HRT levels. (breastcancer.org)
And in order to get the balance exactly right, they are prepared to spend the time and money to get their hormone levels regularly tested to make sure they receive the right mix of hormones to keep them at normal, healthy levels. (infobarrel.com)
Unfortunately, about 10 percent of patients on thyroid hormone continue to experience symptoms and disturbed well-being, despite the fact that their blood thyroid hormone levels are within the normal range,' said lead study author Hanneke Wouters, an M.D./Ph.D. student at the University of Groningen. (news-medical.net)
Lab testing will determine what a patient s hormone levels are. (webwire.com)
If you are concerned about your hormone levels and whether they may be effecting your general health or your sexual functioning, consult your doctor for some easily performed and (almost) painless laboratory blood work. (howstuffworks.com)
As we age, our hormone levels decline, causing a whole host of symptoms from fatigue, brain fog, loss of lean muscle, fat gain, decreased libido, and a general decrease in feelings of wellbeing. (makeitbetter.net)
Low-T refers to "Low Testosterone" the male hormone which decreases in the body as we age and these commercials are promoting a hormone replacement therapy that will increase testosterone levels in the male patient. (steroid.com)
A hallmark of getting older-and what many experts believe to be an underlying cause of aging-is declining levels of hormones. (whitakerwellness.com)
What if hormone replacement therapy was made of real bio-identical hormones, dosed like the ups and downs of the hormone blood levels in the menstrual cycle of a 20 year-old woman, would the disease states of aging and symptoms decline? (articlesfactory.com)
The therapy helps to treat people whose hormone levels decline or become unbalanced. (articlecity.com)
But the FDA cautions against using blood and saliva tests to track hormone levels. (articlecity.com)
Such tests only state the levels of hormones at a specific time and may vary during the rest of the day. (articlecity.com)
As people age, their bodies experience a decline in the levels of various hormones. (articlecity.com)
After using hormone therapy, hormone levels rise, and symptoms improve as well. (articlecity.com)
If you're 35 or over, get your hormone levels. (personallifemedia.com)
Saliva hormone levels reflect the actual functioning levels of those hormones much more accurately than blood hormone testing. (ksl.com)
Alternatively, its potential benefit might be confined to patients with specific genetic polymorphisms in thyroid hormone transporters and deiodinases that affect the intracellular levels of T₃ available for binding to T₃ receptors. (nih.gov)
After the birth, the hormone levels start to come back to normal and the natural hair loss cycle recommences. (hishairclinic.com)
Used this therapy for 3 years with quarterly blood tests to check hormone levels. (progesteronetherapy.com)
BodyLogicMD affiliated practitioners provide state-of-the-art blood, urine, and saliva testing in order to accurately assess each patient's hormone levels. (bodylogicmd.com)
Blood tests - 60 cc (about 2 ounces) of blood will be drawn to measure levels of hormones, cholesterol, and substances in the blood that indicate inflammation of the vessels. (clinicaltrials.gov)
It may also be combined with blood and saliva testing of hormone levels, and the use of pharmacy compounding to obtain hormones in an effort to reach a targeted level of hormones in the body. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, the accuracy and efficacy of saliva testing has not been definitively proven, and the long-term effects of using blood testing to reach target levels of hormones have not been researched. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers do not yet know if this reduction in HRT use will have a long-term effect on rates, or whether reduction in hormone levels simply slowed the growth of clinically detectable tumors, in which case as HRT use stabilizes, breast cancer incidence will begin to rise again. (nih.gov)
Other benefits you stand to gain with this hormone therapy are lower cholesterol levels, improved moods, protection against heart diseases and better lean muscle build. (saching.com)

Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. (bmj.com)
Postmenopausal hormone. (bmj.com)
Clements D , Salter R . Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. (bmj.com)

Replacing the lost estrogen with hormone supplements can alleviate these problems, which may include hot flashes, depression, mood swings, vaginal dryness, sleep disturbances, and clouded thinking. (healthday.com)

Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 288, July 3, 2002, pp. 58-66 Petitti, Diana B. Hormone replacement therapy for prevention. (yourhealthbase.com)
The summer of 2002 brought a maelstrom of negative, frightening headlines abput hormones and hormone replacement therapy. (herplace.com)

Salpeter argues that when a person first starts hormone replacement therapy, her risk of blood clots increases slightly. (webmd.com)
Risk factors for hormone replacement therapy sometimes involve several side effects that can cause some people to develop severe problems such as blood clots in the legs and lungs. (home-remedies-for-you.com)

It means that dosing cannot be tailored specifically for each individual, unlike bio-identical hormones. (infobarrel.com)
We also provide information on where to safely purchase hard to obtain medicines, nutritional supplements and bio identical hormones to make these theories and methods a reality. (antiaging-systems.com)
Natural hormones are not bio-identical hormones unless a person's body can recognize them as hormones. (articlesfactory.com)
This multi-phasic physiologic dosing will be part of a new study called Bioidentical Hormones On Trial, or B.H.O.T., a comparison of patterns of administration and dosing of compounded bio-identical hormone therapy (BHT). (articlesfactory.com)
Bioidentical hormones are chemically identical to those our bodies secrete naturally. (articlecity.com)
This is because the composition of these hormones is identical to the natural hormones that the body produces. (articlecity.com)
Is Bio-Identical Hormone Replacement Therapy Right for Me? (virtua.org)
If you are a menopausal or peri-menopausal female, are experiencing hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, irritability, worsening memory and lack of mental clarity, and have a decreased or absent sex drive then bio-identical hormone replacement therapy may be for you. (virtua.org)
If you are a male experiencing the effects of low testosterone (Low-T) such as decreased or absent sexual desire or erectile dysfunction, decreased energy, diminished exercise tolerance, and decreased mental clarity, then bio-identical hormone replacement therapy may be for you. (virtua.org)
Is Bio-Identical Hormone Replacement Therapy For You? (personallifemedia.com)
Pioneers of the original bio-identical oral Human Growth Hormone (HGH) with clinical studies, articles on HGH research, antiaging and related products. (abilogic.com)
Natural hormone replacement is therapy that uses hormones from natural sources that have been engineered to be identical to the natural hormones found throughout the human body. (bodylogicmd.com)
The term "bioidentical hormones" refers to hormones that are biologically identical to those produced by the human body. (bodylogicmd.com)
Linda was trained in bio-identical hormone replacement therapy at the nation's top therapy clinic. (virtua.org)

This inexpensive, easy-to-get, over-the-counter, hormone may be the missing piece to bring back your libido. (personallifemedia.com)
Your hormones play a vital role in your health, mental capacity, and daily functioning as well as your libido. (personallifemedia.com)
First it will act as to convince the testicles to continue producing the male growth hormone, secondly it will serve to increase your adrenal function thus positively impacting your well being and third it will increase your libido. (saching.com)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is done to reduce harmonic imbalances in the body. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
American Longevity Center is an advanced medical facility that treats and prevents the signs and symptoms associated with aging and hormone imbalances. (webwire.com)
Your endocrine system health can be affected by hormone imbalances resulting from impaired glands. (sharecare.com)

Hormone therapy is the treatment for these conditions as it replaces the hormones. (articlecity.com)
Hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) for transgender and transsexual people replaces the hormones naturally occurring in their bodies with those of the other sex . (susans.org)

Hormone therapy might speed up mental decline, researchers warn. (go.com)
He said that the study does reinforce suspicions that hormone therapy could lead to mental decline. (go.com)
This can cause decline in hormones like testosterone hu. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
Contrary to a decline in hormone replacement therapy in females, male hormone replacement therapy (HRT) continues to climb and climb rapidly despite the claims by the federal government that these same hormones will instantly kill you. (steroid.com)
It is the process of replacing the hormones that your body needs to function optimally and which decline in all of us as we age. (experts123.com)
Natural Hormones, such as our human growth hormone and our testosterone are molecule by molecule exactly the same hormones present in the human body which can be replaced as your own hormones begin to decline. (experts123.com)
The sharp decline in the rate of new breast cancer cases in 2003 may be related to a national decline in the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), according to a new report in the April 19, 2007, issue of the New England Journal of Medicine . (nih.gov)

The hormones that naturally occur in the human female body are altered so that the drug companies can justify the R&D (research and development) programmes to patent a hormone and therefore make their money. (infobarrel.com)
The combination of the source of the ingredients and the fact that the hormones manufactured are exactly what is naturally found in the human body makes them natural. (makeitbetter.net)
Replace Your Vital Hormones Naturally. (antiaging-systems.com)
We are made to feel terrified about hormones our bodies make naturally our entire reproductive life. (herplace.com)
With the total removal of the thyroid gland, your body can no longer naturally produce thyroid hormones. (endocrineweb.com)
Through Hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) , a patient receives hormones, either to supplement a lack of naturally occurring hormones or to replace them with other hormones. (prsync.com)

There is a difference between bioidentical hormones and those used in conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT). (articlecity.com)
Regulatory bodies require pharmacies to include important safety information with conventional hormone replacement therapy (CHRT) via package inserts. (wikipedia.org)
In this review of therapy, an analysis of the use of micronized hormones administered in a slow-release capsule to a group of 140 postmenopausal patients is presented, and questions as to the acceptance and tolerance by patients, efficacy, and efficacy compared with conventional hormone replacement therapy options and side effects are answered. (ijpc.com)

Vaginal dryness - Hormone contributes to the natural lubrication of the vaginal walls. (wikihow.com)
Natural' hormone replacement therapy. (infobarrel.com)
Bioidentical hormones are prepared specially for a patient in a lab and are exact replicas of their body s own natural hormones. (webwire.com)
Natural hormones are not considered replacement unless you really replace what has been lost. (articlesfactory.com)
Doctors who want to prescribe natural hormones but who aren't familiar with the fact that hormones should mimic natural hormone rhythms will merely prescribe natural hormones in the same way they prescribe synthetics. (articlesfactory.com)
At UDMPC, we do this using the expertise of the pharmacists at a compounding pharmacy like Jolley's in SugarHouse, who combine only natural hormone formulations at prescribed doses. (ksl.com)
Plus, a compounding pharmacist can custom tailor these natural hormones at the individual doses that are just right for you. (ksl.com)
BodyLogicMD's highly-trained physicians specialize in natural bioidentical hormone replacement therapy. (abilogic.com)
There are many well-studied, alternative, bioidentical (or natural forms of hormones available, with fewer negative side effects. (herplace.com)
Chemical substances derived from plant tissues are scientifically engineered in laboratories to precisely match natural human hormones. (bodylogicmd.com)
by definition, they have been engineered from natural sources to mimic the various hormones in the human body. (bodylogicmd.com)
Studies from around the world support the use of many natural alternatives to hormone replacement therapy. (holistic-online.com)
I got an article in the mail written by Jonathon Wright on natural hormones. (healthdiaries.com)
These two hormone therapies, (1) Human Growth Hormone (HGH) Therapy and (2) Testosterone Therapy , are completely natural and risk free therapies that will help you in restoring your hormone balance and will make you healthy and strong again as you were in your youth. (experts123.com)

Combinations of these hormones are available as tablets under the brand name Estratest or as vaginal creams. (encyclopedia.com)
An analysis of more than 60 studies suggests that some plant-based therapies are associated with modest reductions in the frequency of hot flashes and vaginal dryness but no significant reduction in night sweats, according to a study appearing in the June 21 issue of JAMA. (news-medical.net)
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is sometimes used on a short-term basis for the relief of unpleasant menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and irritability. (empowher.com)
For now, hormone therapy remains the treatment for hot flashes and vaginal dryness. (empowher.com)

The body's hormones play a major part in how it works and thrives and any disruptions will inevitably be seen in the condition of hair and skin. (hishairclinic.com)

HRT is sometimes referred to as estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), because the first medications that were used in the 1960s for female hormone replacement were estrogen compounds. (encyclopedia.com)
It is no secret that human growth hormone has become one of the more sought after medications the world over. (steroid.com)
Should you ever notice symptoms associated with your pet's reproductive system and/or symmetrical, non-itchy hair loss, be sure to tell your veterinarian whether or not he or she could have potentially come in contact with medications (topical or not) that contain hormones. (petmd.com)
What are common hormone replacement therapy (HRT) medications? (sharecare.com)
While discussion of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and its medications is permitted, discussing the means to acquire them without a prescription, and self medication without a doctors care is prohibited . (susans.org)

Environmental endocrine disruptors interfere with the function and production of human hormones and increase cancer risk. (herplace.com)

Women's ovaries secrete small amounts of a male sex hormone (testosterone) throughout their lives. (encyclopedia.com)

Ever since the finding that hormone replacement therapy may increase the risk of diseases like cancer, researchers have speculated that it may not be just the pills causing the problems. (kcbd.com)

In most cases, you will need to take thyroid hormone replacement therapy to manage hypothyroidism after surgery. (endocrineweb.com)
This article describes how and why thyroid hormone replacement therapy belongs in many papillary thyroid cancer treatment plans. (endocrineweb.com)
Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is the standard treatment for hypothyroidism. (endocrineweb.com)
Fortunately, thyroid hormone replacement therapy effectively manages the symptoms of hypothyroidism . (endocrineweb.com)
If you require a total thyroidectomy, then thyroid hormone replacement therapy will eliminate the effects of hypothyroidism after surgery. (endocrineweb.com)
If you'd like more information, please read our article about thyroid hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism . (endocrineweb.com)

With proper screening and proper follow-up, from a cardiovascular standpoint I believe it is beneficial to take hormone replacement therapy," said Yoav Arnson, MD, a postdoctoral scientist at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and the study's lead author. (eurekalert.org)

Other providers use saliva testing, however saliva has limitations in that it cannot test certain key hormones. (makeitbetter.net)
Saliva Hormone Testing is one of these new tools. (ksl.com)

But in recent years that stigma has changed dramatically, and innovations in hormone treatments at American Longevity Center are attracting a younger crowd. (webwire.com)
Through the most advanced Hormone Replacement Therapy available and other cutting edge treatments, patients at the ALC don t just get healthier, they feel and even look younger. (webwire.com)
Their medical facilities offer physician prescribed and monitored treatment programs that incorporate the latest breakthroughs in anti-aging therapies including Human Growth Hormone and Testosterone replacement treatments. (webwire.com)
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is one of the most extensively studied medical treatments and a great deal of information is known about the benefits of HRT. (experts123.com)

Unopposed estrogen therapy promotes endometrial thickening and can increase the risk of cancer , while progestogen reduces this risk. (wikipedia.org)
Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis. (nih.gov)
The summary RR of endometrial cancer remained elevated 5 or more years after discontinuation of unopposed estrogen therapy (RR 2.3). (nih.gov)

Research has shown that using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of breast cancer. (breastcancer.org)
It begins to rise after approximately 3 to 5 years of the therapy and increases with longer use, personal or family history and lower body weight. (dailycamera.com)
The fact that unopposed estrogen therapy increases the risk of breast cancer had been reported in 1992. (yourhealthbase.com)
NaturalNews) Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases women's risk of lobular breast cancer by four times after only three years, according to a study published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention . (naturalnews.com)
HRT leads to a small increase in breast cancer incidence, which increases with duration of therapy and age. (mja.com.au)

According to a study, estrogen replacement therapy does not reduce post-menopausal women's risk of having a second stroke. (medindia.net)
Increasing awareness on post-menopausal hazards, novel formulations, rise in unmet medical needs which require the employment of hormone therapy are the few factors driving the growth of global hormone replacement therapy market. (prsync.com)

Hypothyroidism is a common disorder, and replacement therapy with levothyroxine (LT4) is the standard treatment. (news-medical.net)
Hormone replacement therapy can be administered in a range of different ways and our gynaecology consultants can quickly identify and advise you on the most effective treatment for you. (nuffieldhealth.com)
The pendulum has swung to the more appropriate place of hormone therapy reserved for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. (time.com)
But urologists, as a treatment for these difficulties, sometimes recommend testosterone replacement. (howstuffworks.com)
If you are already on hormone replacement therapy and wish to purchase treatment, you can do so below. (healthexpress.co.uk)
What has gotten perhaps the most press is an elevated risk of breast cancer, but Shifren points out that risk doesn't emerge until after four to five years of hormone therapy, and a woman may need treatment for less time than that to get her through the worst of her hot flash symptoms. (empowher.com)
Hormone replacement therapy is an effective treatment, but it can bring undesirable consequences. (medworm.com)
There is always risk with HRT, hip replacement or any other medical treatment. (lfpress.com)
The chapter briefly discusses topics relevant to GHD in children and adolescents, such as recombinant human growth hormone treatment. (eur.nl)
Topics discussed include treatment of adrenocortotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency, treatment of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency, gonadotroph deficiency, androgen replacement, GH replacement therapy, and vasopressin replacement therapy. (eur.nl)
The treatment for this condition may seem as easy as visiting a pharmacy and purchasing a packet of male growth hormone. (saching.com)
Most patients who changed their treatment from conventional therapy to bioidentical hormone therapy experienced improvement in symptoms. (ijpc.com)

Understand the risk of using hormone replacement therapy. (wikihow.com)
Other studies have confirmed the link between hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer, although the absolute risk is quite low, especially under age 60. (dailycamera.com)
There is also a small increase in risk for clots in the lungs and strokes with long-term hormone replacement therapy. (dailycamera.com)
Above described risk factors for hormone replacement therapy-are based on womens health initiative study in 2003. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
These are some commonly known Risk factors for hormone replacement therapy that lead to breast cancer. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
The authors conclude that each woman should make the decision regarding hormone replacement on an individual basis, taking into consideration her age, the degree of bothersome postmenopausal symptoms and her underlying health-risk factors. (innovations-report.com)
A retrospective analysis has shown that therapy with supplemental estrogen or similar hormones helps to lower risk of atherosclerosis (by reducing plaque formation in heart's arteries) and death. (medindia.net)
In 1996, there was a study published indicating that testosterone therapy increased the risk for prostate cancer and men ran in fear as well. (makeitbetter.net)
Moreover, several observational studies suggest that use of estrogen replacement therapy decreases the risk of coronary heart disease ( 2 , 3 , 4 ) and lowers overall mortality rates ( 5 , 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Previous research indicated that five or more years of combined hormone-therapy use was necessary to increase overall breast cancer risk," said lead researcher Christopher Li of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. (naturalnews.com)
suggests that a significantly shorter length of exposure to such hormones may confer an increased risk. (naturalnews.com)
The risk may even be higher in compounded bioidentical hormones. (articlecity.com)
Patient management and therapy should be reviewed annually with risk-benefit counselling. (mja.com.au)
6-8 Thus, endothelial dysfunction could potentially be used as a surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease risk in study of risk reduction therapies. (ahajournals.org)
28 As with the coronary circulation, endothelial dysfunction in the brachial artery improves with many risk reduction therapies, 1,3 and a preliminary study suggests that brachial artery endothelial dysfunction is an independent predictor of short-term cardiovascular disease events in high risk patients. (ahajournals.org)
While this study suggests an increased frequency of breast cancer with hormone replacement, other studies suggest that even though the risk of breast cancer itself may be increased, the risk of death from breast cancer for those using hormone replacement is less. (greatriverhealthsystem.org)

This hormone therapy may as well be called testosterone hormone replacement therapy for men. (saching.com)

Presently, the insulin tolerance test (ITT) and the growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)+arginine are considered the best tests to diagnose GHD. (eur.nl)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used when a woman undergoes the menopausal period. (wikihow.com)

What Are Some Pros and Cons of Pellet Hormone Replacement Therapy? (reference.com)
Some pros of pellet hormone replacement therapy, or HRT, include that the therapy is very effective in the reduction of menopausal symptoms and bone density loss, while cons include headaches, mood swings and anxiety, reports FOX News. (reference.com)
There is substantial research that suggests for patients with clotting issues or high inflammation, the best route is pellet therapy. (makeitbetter.net)

Anatomy10

Organisms3

Diseases42

Chemicals and Drugs82

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment64

Psychiatry and Psychology5

Phenomena and Processes30

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities1

Information Science6

Named Groups3

Health Care44

Geographicals10

Absent pituitary gland and hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis associated with partial ophthalmoplegia and postaxial polydactyly: a variant of orofaciodigital syndrome VI or a new syndrome? (1/1069)

Apo E phenotype and changes in serum lipids in adult patients during growth hormone replacement. (2/1069)

Turner's syndrome and pregnancies after oocyte donation. (3/1069)

Primary prevention of CHD: nine ways to reduce risk. (4/1069)

Hormone replacement therapy, inflammation, and hemostasis in elderly women. (5/1069)

Alteration in sexually dimorphic testosterone biotransformation profiles as a biomarker of chemically induced androgen disruption in mice. (6/1069)

Is recruitment more difficult with a placebo arm in randomised controlled trials? A quasirandomised, interview based study. (7/1069)

Regression of cardiac abnormalities after replacement therapy in Addison's disease. (8/1069)

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Estrogen Replacement Therapy

Postmenopause

Progestins

Menopause

Norethindrone

Climacteric

Estrogens

Renal Replacement Therapy

Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)

Norpregnenes

Enzyme Replacement Therapy

Estradiol

Administration, Cutaneous

Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal

Ovariectomy

Progesterone Congeners

Menopause, Premature

Hormones

Risk Factors

Gonadal Steroid Hormones

Human Growth Hormone

Hysterectomy

Breast Neoplasms

Hypopituitarism

Hypothyroidism

Progesterone

Hot Flashes

Contraceptives, Oral

Equilenin

Women's Health

Medroxyprogesterone

Estriol

Dydrogesterone

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Thyroid Hormones

Thyroxine

Bone Density

Uterine Hemorrhage

Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal

Perimenopause

Time Factors

Prospective Studies

Case-Control Studies

Premenopause

Equilin

Endometrial Neoplasms

Cohort Studies

Osteoporosis

Luteinizing Hormone

Endometrium

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Age Factors

Medrogestone

Testosterone

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Receptors, Estrogen

Incidence

Women

Cardiovascular Diseases

Turner Syndrome

Mammography

Follow-Up Studies

Menstrual Cycle

Phytoestrogens

Treatment Outcome

Risk

Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

alpha-Galactosidase

Parathyroid Hormone

Myxedema

Receptors, Progesterone

Estrone

Odds Ratio

Risk Assessment

Thyrotropin

Cimicifuga

Raloxifene

Mixed Tumor, Mesodermal