History ancient. Medical search

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Geographical sites known to be extant in a remote period in the history of civilization, familiar as the names of ancient countries and empires.

The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.

Time period from 1601 through 1700 of the common era.

Bodies preserved either by the ancient Egyptian technique or due to chance under favorable climatic conditions.

Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era.

Time period from 1401 through 1500 of the common era.

Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.

The study of disease in prehistoric times as revealed in bones, mummies, and archaeologic artifacts.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

Time period from 1501 through 1600 of the common era.

Acquiring information from a patient on past medical conditions and treatments.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.

Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A region, north-central Asia, largely in Russia. It extends from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean and from the Arctic Ocean to central Kazakhstan and the borders of China and Mongolia.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A superorder of large, mostly flightless birds, named for their distinctive PALATE morphology. It includes the orders Apterygiformes, Casuriiformes, Dinornithiformes, RHEIFORMES; STRUTHIONIFORMES and Tinamiformes.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Time period from 2001 through 2100 of the common era.

Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.

The period of history before 500 of the common era.

The act or ceremony of putting a corpse into the ground or a vault, or into the sea; or the inurnment of CREMAINS.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.

The distinctly human attributes and attainments of a particular society.

Common name for an extinct species of the Homo genus. Fossils have been found in Europe and Asia. Genetic evidence suggests that limited interbreeding with modern HUMANS (Homo sapiens) took place.

The period of history from the year 500 through 1450 of the common era.

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

An extinct genus of large mammals in the family Elephantidae that fed by grazing on low vegetation. Most died out at the end of the last ice age.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The ceasing of existence of a species or taxonomic groups of organisms.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A historical and cultural entity dispersed across a wide geographical area under the influence of Greek civilization, culture, and science. The Greek Empire extended from the Greek mainland and the Aegean islands from the 16th century B.C., to the Indus Valley in the 4th century under Alexander the Great, and to southern Italy and Sicily. Greek medicine began with Homeric and Aesculapian medicine and continued unbroken to Hippocrates (480-355 B.C.). The classic period of Greek medicine was 460-136 B.C. and the Graeco-Roman period, 156 B.C.-576 A.D. (From A. Castiglioni, A History of Medicine, 2d ed; from F. H. Garrison, An Introduction to the History of Medicine, 4th ed)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000)

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.

The inanimate matter of Earth, the structures and properties of this matter, and the processes that affect it.

Animals having a vertebral column, members of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Craniata comprising mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

A former branch of knowledge embracing the study, description, and classification of natural objects (as animals, plants, and minerals) and thus including the modern sciences of zoology, botany, and mineralogy insofar as they existed at that time. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries it was much used for the generalized pursuit of certain areas of science. (Webster, 3d ed; from Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)

Functions constructed from a statistical model and a set of observed data which give the probability of that data for various values of the unknown model parameters. Those parameter values that maximize the probability are the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters.

The science of the earth and other celestial bodies and their history as recorded in the rocks. It includes the study of geologic processes of an area such as rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The book composed of writings generally accepted by Christians as inspired by God and of divine authority. (Webster, 3d ed)

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Any of several large carnivorous mammals of the family CANIDAE that usually hunt in packs.

Writings having excellence of form or expression and expressing ideas of permanent or universal interest. The body of written works produced in a particular language, country, or age. (Webster, 3d ed)

Those customs and ceremonies pertaining to the dead.

The science devoted to the comparative study of man.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

A country in northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula Its capital is Cairo.

Creation and development of bodies within solar systems, includes study of early planetary geology.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The presence of two or more genetic loci on the same chromosome. Extensions of this original definition refer to the similarity in content and organization between chromosomes, of different species for example.

The comparative science dealing with the physical characteristics of humans as related to their origin, evolution, and development in the total environment.

An ancient city, the site of modern Istanbul. From the 4th to 15th centuries the empire extended from southeastern Europe to western Asia, reaching its greatest extent under Justinian (527-565). By about 1000 A.D. it comprised the southern Balkans, Greece, Asia Minor, and parts of southern Italy. The capture of Constantinople in 1453 marked the formal end of the Byzantine Empire. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988)

The splitting of an ancestral species into daughter species that coexist in time (King, Dictionary of Genetics, 6th ed). Causal factors may include geographic isolation, HABITAT geometry, migration, REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION, random GENETIC DRIFT and MUTATION.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

The naturally occurring transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. Horizontal gene transfer may occur via a variety of naturally occurring processes such as GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; and TRANSFECTION. It may result in a change of the recipient organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC).

The family of carnivorous or omnivorous bears, having massive bodies, coarse heavy fur, relatively short limbs, and almost rudimentary tails.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The change in gene frequency in a population due to migration of gametes or individuals (ANIMAL MIGRATION) across population barriers. In contrast, in GENETIC DRIFT the cause of gene frequency changes are not a result of population or gamete movement.

The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members.

Reproduction without fusion of two types of cells, mostly found in ALGAE; FUNGI; and PLANTS. Asexual reproduction occurs in several ways, such as budding, fission, or splitting from "parent" cells. Only few groups of ANIMALS reproduce asexually or unisexually (PARTHENOGENESIS).

Animals that have no spinal column.

Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.

The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The process of leaving one's country to establish residence in a foreign country.

The genetic complement of MITOCHONDRIA as represented in their DNA.

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

The fourth planet in order from the sun. Its two natural satellites are Deimos and Phobos. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the solar system.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

The traditional Hindu system of medicine which is based on customs, beliefs, and practices of the Hindu culture. Ayurveda means "the science of Life": veda - science, ayur - life.

The total genetic information possessed by the reproductive members of a POPULATION of sexually reproducing organisms.

An order of stalked, sessile, single-celled EUKARYOTES. They are considered the transitional link between the flagellated protozoa and the SPONGES, the most primitive metazoans.

One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.

Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.

The human male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

A genus of the family Bovidae having two species: B. bison and B. bonasus. This concept is differentiated from BUFFALOES, which refers to Bubalus arnee and Syncerus caffer.

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and Eukarya), formerly called Archaebacteria under the taxon Bacteria, but now considered separate and distinct. They are characterized by: (1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; (2) the absence of peptidoglycan cell walls; (3) the presence of ether-linked lipids built from branched-chain subunits; and (4) their occurrence in unusual habitats. While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. The domain contains at least four kingdoms: CRENARCHAEOTA; EURYARCHAEOTA; NANOARCHAEOTA; and KORARCHAEOTA.

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and various algae and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista.

An important aggregate factor in epidemiological studies of women's health. The concept usually includes the number and timing of pregnancies and their outcomes, the incidence of breast feeding, and may include age of menarche and menopause, regularity of menstruation, fertility, gynecological or obstetric problems, or contraceptive usage.

Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Written or other literary works whose subject matter is medical or about the profession of medicine and related areas.

The environment outside the earth or its atmosphere. The environment may refer to a closed cabin (such as a space shuttle or space station) or to space itself, the moon, or other planets.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.

The chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of CHROMOSOMES; includes triploidy (symbol: 3N), tetraploidy (symbol: 4N), etc.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.

A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.

The region of southwest Asia and northeastern Africa usually considered as extending from Libya on the west to Afghanistan on the east. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988)

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Cells of the higher organisms, containing a true nucleus bounded by a nuclear membrane.

Sets of beliefs on the nature of the universe or Man.

The largest of the continents. It was known to the Romans more specifically as what we know today as Asia Minor. The name comes from at least two possible sources: from the Assyrian asu (to rise) or from the Sanskrit usa (dawn), both with reference to its being the land of the rising sun, i.e., eastern as opposed to Europe, to the west. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p82 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p34)

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

The period of history from 1601 of the common era to the present.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

Periodic movement of human settlement from one geographical location to another.

The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies.

The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.

A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.

Elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and then inserted into a new site in the genome. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) similar to those from retroviruses are contained in retrotransposons and retrovirus-like elements. Retroposons, such as LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS do not contain LTRs.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Large mammals in the family Elephantidae, with columnar limbs, bulky bodies, and elongated snouts. They are the only surviving members of the PROBOSCIDEA MAMMALS.

An animal or plant species in danger of extinction. Causes can include human activity, changing climate, or change in predator/prey ratios.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

The class Insecta, in the phylum ARTHROPODA, whose members are characterized by division into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. They are the dominant group of animals on earth; several hundred thousand different kinds having been described. Three orders, HEMIPTERA; DIPTERA; and SIPHONAPTERA; are of medical interest in that they cause disease in humans and animals. (From Borror et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p1)

The continuous developmental process of a culture from simple to complex forms and from homogeneous to heterogeneous qualities.

Cytochromes of the b group that have alpha-band absorption of 563-564 nm. They occur as subunits in MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III.

Planet that is the third in order from the sun. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the SOLAR SYSTEM.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

A class of minute animals of the phylum Aschelminthes.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of CHLOROPLASTS.

A large subphylum of mostly marine ARTHROPODS containing over 42,000 species. They include familiar arthropods such as lobsters (NEPHROPIDAE), crabs (BRACHYURA), shrimp (PENAEIDAE), and barnacles (THORACICA).

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Changes in biological features that help an organism cope with its ENVIRONMENT. These changes include physiological (ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL), phenotypic and genetic changes.

The MEDITERRANEAN SEA, the MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS, and the countries bordering on the sea collectively.

The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.

The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Retroviruses that have integrated into the germline (PROVIRUSES) that have lost infectious capability but retained the capability to transpose.

Genes bearing close resemblance to known genes at different loci, but rendered non-functional by additions or deletions in structure that prevent normal transcription or translation. When lacking introns and containing a poly-A segment near the downstream end (as a result of reverse copying from processed nuclear RNA into double-stranded DNA), they are called processed genes.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with humans. They include animals domesticated by humans to live and breed in a tame condition on farms or ranches for economic reasons, including LIVESTOCK (specifically CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; etc.), POULTRY; and those raised or kept for pleasure and companionship, e.g., PETS; or specifically DOGS; CATS; etc.

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

A phenomenon that is observed when a small subgroup of a larger POPULATION establishes itself as a separate and isolated entity. The subgroup's GENE POOL carries only a fraction of the genetic diversity of the parental population resulting in an increased frequency of certain diseases in the subgroup, especially those diseases known to be autosomal recessive.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

The collective name for the islands of the Pacific Ocean northeast of Australia, including NEW CALEDONIA; VANUATU; New Hebrides, Solomon Islands, Admiralty Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, FIJI, etc. Melanesia (from the Greek melas, black + nesos, island) is so called from the black color of the natives who are generally considered to be descended originally from the Negroid Papuans and the Polynesians or Malays. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p748 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p344)

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

Cultivated plants or agricultural produce such as grain, vegetables, or fruit. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A class of plants within the Bryophyta comprising the mosses, which are found in both damp (including freshwater) and drier situations. Mosses possess erect or prostrate leafless stems, which give rise to leafless stalks bearing capsules. Spores formed in the capsules are released and grow to produce new plants. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990). Many small plants bearing the name moss are in fact not mosses. The "moss" found on the north side of trees is actually a green alga (CHLOROPHYTA). Irish moss is really a red alga (RHODOPHYTA). Beard lichen (beard moss), Iceland moss, oak moss, and reindeer moss are actually LICHENS. Spanish moss is a common name for both LICHENS and an air plant (TILLANDSIA usneoides) of the pineapple family. Club moss is an evergreen herb of the family LYCOPODIACEAE.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

A genus of the family Lemuridae consisting of five species: L. catta (ring-tailed lemur), L. fulvus, L. macaco (acoumba or black lemur), L. mongoz (mongoose lemur), and L. variegatus (white lemur). Most members of this genus occur in forested areas on Madagascar and the Comoro Islands.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A geographic area of east and southeast Asia encompassing CHINA; HONG KONG; JAPAN; KOREA; MACAO; MONGOLIA; and TAIWAN.

Genes that are located on the MITOCHONDRIAL DNA. Mitochondrial inheritance is often referred to as maternal inheritance but should be differentiated from maternal inheritance that is transmitted chromosomally.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).

The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.

Activities associated with the disposition of the dead. It excludes cultural practices such as funeral rites.

The sequential location of genes on a chromosome.

The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.

This single species of Gorilla, which is a member of the HOMINIDAE family, is the largest and most powerful of the PRIMATES. It is distributed in isolated scattered populations throughout forests of equatorial Africa.

The general name for NORTH AMERICA; CENTRAL AMERICA; and SOUTH AMERICA unspecified or combined.

The geographical area of Africa comprising ALGERIA; EGYPT; LIBYA; MOROCCO; and TUNISIA. It includes also the vast deserts and oases of the Sahara. It is often referred to as North Africa, French-speaking Africa, or the Maghreb. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p856)

Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit), in contrast to ANGIOSPERMS whose seeds are surrounded by an ovary wall. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, "naked seed") are borne in cones and are not visible. Taxonomists now recognize four distinct divisions of extant gymnospermous plants (CONIFEROPHYTA; CYCADOPHYTA; GINKGOPHYTA; and GNETOPHYTA).

A thick mass of ICE formed over large regions of land; RIVERS; LAKES; ponds; or SEAWATER.

The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)

A phylum of metazoan invertebrates comprising the segmented worms, and including marine annelids (POLYCHAETA), freshwater annelids, earthworms (OLIGOCHAETA), and LEECHES. Only the leeches are of medical interest. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Cells lacking a nuclear membrane so that the nuclear material is either scattered in the cytoplasm or collected in a nucleoid region.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

An ancient civilization, known as early as 2000 B.C. The Persian Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great (550-529 B.C.) and for 200 years, from 550 to 331 B.C., the Persians ruled the ancient world from India to Egypt. The territory west of India was called Persis by the Greeks who later called the entire empire Persia. In 331 B.C. the Persian wars against the Greeks ended disastrously under the counterattacks by Alexander the Great. The name Persia in modern times for the modern country was changed to Iran in 1935. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p546 & Asimov, Words on the Map, 1962, p176)

A portion of the animal phylum Chordata comprised of the subphyla CEPHALOCHORDATA; UROCHORDATA, and HYPEROTRETI, but not including the Vertebrata (VERTEBRATES). It includes nonvertebrate animals having a NOTOCHORD during some developmental stage.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.

Plants of the division Rhodophyta, commonly known as red algae, in which the red pigment (PHYCOERYTHRIN) predominates. However, if this pigment is destroyed, the algae can appear purple, brown, green, or yellow. Two important substances found in the cell walls of red algae are AGAR and CARRAGEENAN. Some rhodophyta are notable SEAWEED (macroalgae).

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Individual members of South American ethnic groups with historic ancestral origins in Asia.

The Ice Man's diet as reflected by the stable nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of his hair. (1/1126)

Establishing the diets of ancient human populations is an integral component of most archaeological studies. Stable isotope analysis of well-preserved bone collagen is the most direct approach for a general assessment of paleodiet. However, this method has been limited by the scarcity of well-preserved skeletal materials for this type of destructive analysis. Hair is preserved in many burials, but is often overlooked as an alternative material for isotopic analysis. Here we report that the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values for the hair of the 5200 year-old Ice Man indicates a primarily vegetarian diet, in agreement with his dental wear pattern. Whereas previous investigations have focused on bone collagen, the stable isotope composition of hair may prove to be a more reliable proxy for paleodiet reconstruction, particularly when skeletal remains are not well preserved and additional archaeological artifacts are unavailable. (+info)

Documenting the diet in ancient human populations through stable isotope analysis of hair. (2/1126)

Fundamental to the understanding of human history is the ability to make interpretations based on artefacts and other remains which are used to gather information about an ancient population. Sequestered in the organic matrices of these remains can be information, for example, concerning incidence of disease, genetic defects and diet. Stable isotopic compositions, especially those made on isolates of collagen from bones, have been used to help suggest principal dietary components. A significant problem in the use of collagen is its long-term stability, and the possibility of isotopic alteration during early diagenesis, or through contaminating condensation reactions. In this study, we suggest that a commonly overlooked material, human hair, may represent an ideal material to be used in addressing human diets of ancient civilizations. Through the analysis of the amino-acid composition of modern hair, as well as samples that were subjected to radiation (thus simulating ageing of the hair) and hair from humans that is up to 5200 years old, we have observed little in the way of chemical change. The principal amino acids observed in all of these samples are essentially identical in relative abundances and content. Dominating the compositions are serine, glutamic acid, threonine, glycine and leucine, respectively accounting for approximately 15%, 17%, 10%, 8% and 8% of the total hydrolysable amino acids. Even minor components (for example, alanine, valine, isoleucine) show similar constancy between the samples of different ages. This constancy clearly indicates minimal alteration of the amino-acid composition of the hair. Further, it would indicate that hair is well preserved and is amenable to isotopic analysis as a tool for distinguishing sources of nutrition. Based on this observation, we have isotopically characterized modern individuals for whom the diet has been documented. Both stable nitrogen and carbon isotope compositions were assessed, and together provide an indication of trophic status, and principal type (C3 or C4) of vegetation consumed. True vegans have nitrogen isotope compositions of about 7/1000 whereas humans consuming larger amounts of meat, eggs, or milk are more enriched in the heavy nitrogen isotope. We have also analysed large cross-sections of modern humans from North America and Europe to provide an indication of the variability seen in a population (the supermarket diet). There is a wide diversity in both carbon and nitrogen isotope values based at least partially on the levels of seafood, corn-fed beef and grains in the diets. Following analysis of the ancient hair, we have observed similar trends in certain ancient populations. For example, the Coptics of Egypt (1000 BP) and Chinchorro of Chile (5000-800 BP) have diets of similar diversity to those observed in the modern group but were isotopically influenced by local nutritional sources. In other ancient hair (Egyptian Late Middle Kingdom mummies, ca. 4000 BP), we have observed a much more uniform isotopic signature, indicating a more constant diet. We have also recognized a primary vegetarian component in the diet of the Neolithic Ice Man of the Oetztaler Alps (5200 BP). In certain cases, it appears that sulphur isotopes may help to further constrain dietary interpretations, owing to the good preservation and sulphur content of hair. It appears that analysis of the often-overlooked hair in archaeological sites may represent a significant new approach for understanding ancient human communities. (+info)

Preservation of key biomolecules in the fossil record: current knowledge and future challenges. (3/1126)

We have developed a model based on the analyses of modern and Pleistocene eggshells and mammalian bones which can be used to understand the preservation of amino acids and other important biomolecules such as DNA in fossil specimens. The model is based on the following series of diagenetic reactions and processes involving amino acids: the hydrolysis of proteins and the subsequent loss of hydrolysis products from the fossil matrix with increasing geologic age; the racemization of amino acids which produces totally racemized amino acids in 10(5)-10(6) years in most environments on the Earth; the introduction of contaminants into the fossil that lowers the enantiomeric (D:L) ratios produced via racemization; and the condensation reactions between amino acids, as well as other compounds with primary amino groups, and sugars which yield humic acid-like polymers. This model was used to evaluate whether useful amino acid and DNA sequence information is preserved in a variety of human, amber-entombed insect and dinosaur specimens. Most skeletal remains of evolutionary interest with respect to the origin of modern humans are unlikely to preserve useful biomolecular information although those from high latitude sites may be an exception. Amber-entombed insects contain well-preserved unracemized amino acids, apparently because of the anhydrous nature of the amber matrix, and thus may contain DNA fragments which have retained meaningful genetic information. Dinosaur specimens contain mainly exogenous amino acids, although traces of endogenous amino acids may be present in some cases. Future ancient biomolecule research which takes advantage of new methologies involving, for example, humic acid cleaving reagents and microchip-based DNA-protein detection and sequencing, along with investigations of very slow biomolecule diagenetic reactions such as the racemization of isoleucine at the beta-carbon, will lead to further enhancements of our understanding of biomolecule preservation in the fossil record. (+info)

How microbial ancient DNA, found in association with human remains, can be interpreted. (4/1126)

The analysis of the DNA of ancient micro-organisms in archaeological and palaeontological human remains can contribute to the understanding of issues as different as the spreading of a new disease, a mummification process or the effect of diets on historical human populations. The quest for this type of DNA, however, can represent a particularly demanding task. This is mainly due to the abundance and diffusion of bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and protozoans in the most diverse environments of the present-day biosphere and the resulting difficulty in distinguishing between ancient and modern DNA. Nevertheless, at least under some special circumstances, by using rigorous protocols, which include an archaeometric survey of the specimens and evaluation of the palaeoecological consistency of the results of DNA sequence analysis, glimpses of the composition of the original microbial flora (e.g. colonic flora) can be caught in ancient human remains. Potentials and pitfalls of this research field are illustrated by the results of research works performed on prehistoric, pre-Columbian and Renaissance human mummies. (+info)

The molecular genetics of European ancestry. (5/1126)

In an earlier paper we proposed, on the basis of mitochondrial control region variation, that the bulk of modern European mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) diversity had its roots in the European Upper Palaeolithic. Refining the mtDNA phylogeny and enlarging the sample size both within Europe and the Middle East still support this interpretation and indicate three separate phases of colonization: (i) the Early Upper Palaeolithic about 50,000 BP; (ii) the Late Upper Palaeolithic 11,000-14,000 BP; and (iii) the Neolithic from 8500 BP. (+info)

The robust australopithecine face: a morphogenetic perspective. (6/1126)

The robust australopithecines were a side branch of human evolution. They share a number of unique craniodental features that suggest their monophyletic origin. However, virtually all of these traits appear to reflect a singular pattern of nasomaxillary modeling derived from their unusual dental proportions. Therefore, recent cladistic analyses have not resolved the phylogenetic history of these early hominids. Efforts to increase cladistic resolution by defining traits at greater levels of anatomical detail have instead introduced substantial phyletic error. (+info)

Environment and behavior of 2.5-million-year-old Bouri hominids. (7/1126)

The Hata Member of the Bouri Formation is defined for Pliocene sedimentary outcrops in the Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia. The Hata Member is dated to 2.5 million years ago and has produced a new species of Australopithecus and hominid postcranial remains not currently assigned to species. Spatially associated zooarchaeological remains show that hominids acquired meat and marrow by 2.5 million years ago and that they are the near contemporary of Oldowan artifacts at nearby Gona. The combined evidence suggests that behavioral changes associated with lithic technology and enhanced carnivory may have been coincident with the emergence of the Homo clade from Australopithecus afarensis in eastern Africa. (+info)

Australopithecus garhi: a new species of early hominid from Ethiopia. (8/1126)

The lack of an adequate hominid fossil record in eastern Africa between 2 and 3 million years ago (Ma) has hampered investigations of early hominid phylogeny. Discovery of 2.5 Ma hominid cranial and dental remains from the Hata beds of Ethiopia's Middle Awash allows recognition of a new species of Australopithecus. This species is descended from Australopithecus afarensis and is a candidate ancestor for early Homo. Contemporary postcranial remains feature a derived humanlike humeral/femoral ratio and an apelike upper arm-to-lower arm ratio. (+info)

... Resources : Ancient history research links for high school and college students. Portals: History World Ancient ... history at Curlie Ancient History - Academic Info: directory of online resources for the study of ancient history. ... World History Encyclopedia Ancient Civilizations - British Museum's website on various topics of ancient civilisation Ancient ... Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history to as far as late antiquity. The span ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history

Maritime history dates back thousands of years. In ancient maritime history, evidence of maritime trade between civilizations ... In ancient history, various vessels were used for coastal fishing and travel.[obsolete source] A mesolithic boatyard has been ... Sea Routes of Commerce: An Outline of Maritime History in Ancient and Medieval Times, with Four Map. Stratford Company, 1925 ... Many in ancient western societies, such as Ancient Greece, were in awe of the seas and deified them, believing that man no ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_maritime_history

Ancient History is a one-act play written by American playwright David Ives. Ancient History premiered Off-Broadway in May 1989 ... Script Ancient History, Dramatists Play Service, Inc., 1996, ISBN 0822215829, pp2-3 "Listing, 1996" Archived 2014-02-23 at the ... New York Magazine describes Ancient History as "a genuine achievement [as] Ives spins a dance that is Strindberg with yuks … ... 3 June 1996 Ives, David (1996). Ancient History (Revised ed.). New York: Dramatists Play Service. Lyons, Donald (24 May 1996 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_History_(play)

Ancient history in Asia is usually taken to include Southwest Asia The Ancient Near East History of Iran, from Elam to the ... East Asia Iron Age China, from the Spring and Autumn period and the early imperial period under the Han Dynasty History of ... China, from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty The Proto-Three Kingdoms of Korea and Three Kingdoms of Korea The History of ... from the Kofun period to the Heian period The Thục Dynasty to the Second Chinese domination in Vietnam Southeast Asia History ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Asian_history

"Ancient History". Kirkus Reviews. 1971. Avant, J. A. (August 1971). "Ancient History". Library Journal. Donadio, Stephen (1971- ... The title "Ancient History" refers to classical Roman, Greek, Egyptian, and Persian history, which Cy, the narrator, is ... Ancient History: A Paraphase is Joseph McElroy's third novel, published in 1971. It presents itself as a hastily written essay/ ... a learned "ancient history" pun Tabbi 1990. Donadio 1971. Lethem 2014. LeClair 1980, p. 23. Tanner 1987. Avant 1971. Lehmann- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_History_(novel)

Ancient History may also refer to: Ancient History (novel), a novel by Joseph McElroy Ancient History (play), a one-act play by ... "Ancient History" (song), a song by Prairie Oyster "Ancient History" (Justice League Unlimited), a television episode This ... Ancient history is the aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history to the Early Middle Ages or the ... disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ancient history. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history_(disambiguation)

"Ancient History" is a song recorded by Canadian country music group Prairie Oyster. It was released in 1995 as the sixth single ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_History_(song)

Ancient Lebanon, History of Lebanon, History of Lebanon by period, History of Lebanon by topic). ... The history of ancient Lebanon traces the course of events related to the geographic area in the Eastern Mediterranean of what ... The area was first recorded in history around 4000 BC as a group of coastal cities and a heavily forested hinterland.[citation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ancient_Lebanon

The ancient history of Afghanistan, also referred to as the pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan, dates back to the prehistoric ... Chronological History of Afghanistan Afghanistan History Afghanistan History[Usurped!] Association for the Protection of Afghan ... Buddhism: A History', (Jain Publishing Company, 1996). Rowland, Benjamin, Jr. Ancient Art from Afghanistan: Treasures of the ... History of Afghanistan[Usurped!] Hotak, Zalmay (2017). History, 10th grade (in Dari). Afghanistan: Ministry of Education. Shahi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Afghanistan

Pre-Islamic Arabia Ancient Near East Ancient South Arabian art Islamic history of Yemen Jones 1863. Michaelis 1762. Niehbuhr ... The ancient history of Yemen (South Arabia) is especially important because Yemen is one of the oldest centers of civilization ... At this time Hermann von Wissmann was particularly involved with the study of the history and geography of ancient South Arabia ... this benchmark is not sufficient to date the early history of ancient South Arabia, because the first absolutely reliable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Yemen

Ancient Kea (island) Ancient Kimolos Ancient Kythnos Ancient Milos Ancient Mykonos Ancient Naxos (island) Ancient Paros Ancient ... Sea Ancient Cyclades Ancient Amorgos Ancient Anafi Ancient Andros Ancient Antiparos Ancient Delos Ancient Folegandros Ancient ... Ancient Rome Ancient history of Transylvania Ancient Mediterranean Sea Ancient Aegean Sea Aegean civilizations Ancient history ... by type Ancient dance Dance in ancient Egypt Dance in ancient Greece Ancient music Music of ancient Rome Ancient poetry Ancient ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_ancient_history

It publishes articles mainly on Ancient Orient, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and recent archeological digs. It comes out four ... The Journal of Ancient History (Russian: Вестник Древней Истории, Vestnik Drevnei Istorii) is a Russian bulletin founded in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Ancient_History

"Cyprus". Cyprus - Ancient History. Talbert, Richard J A (Ed), 1985. Atlas of Classical History. Routledge. Roman Cyprus, pp 156 ... American Journal of Archaeology 112 Ancient History of Cyprus, by the Cypriot government. A rundown of the history of Cyprus ... Ancient history by country, Ancient Cyprus, Phoenician colonies). ... Periods of Cyprus's ancient history from 1050 BC have been named according to styles of pottery as follows: Cypro-Geometric I: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Cyprus

CS1: long volume value, Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, History of Nepal, Ancient Nepal). ... "History and Culture of the Himalaya: Historical Propectives Vol. 1". History and Culture of the Himalaya. Social Inclusion of ... "The Ancient City of Kapilvastu - Revisited" (PDF), Ancient Nepal (151): 1-7 Huntington, John C (1986), "Sowing the Seeds of the ... Ancient and Medieval Nepal (1992), p. 7. Manohar Publications, New Delhi. ISBN 81-85425-69-8. Groeger, Herbert; Trenkler, Luigi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Nepal

History: Ancient Egypt Portals: Ancient Egypt History (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, ... Ancient Egypt History of Egypt Population history of Egypt Barich, Barbara E. (1998). People, Water, and Grain: The Beginnings ... A History of Ancient Egypt. Blackwell Books. ISBN 978-0-631-17472-1. Herodotus ii. 55 and vii. 134 Kemp, Barry (1991). Ancient ... The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ancient_Egypt

It refers to the timeframe of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Ancient history includes the recorded Greek history beginning in ... This timeline of ancient history lists historical events of the documented ancient past from the beginning of recorded history ... PMID 19407144 It is used to refer to various other periods of ancient history, like Ancient Egypt, ancient Mesopotamia (such as ... Ancient history, Ancient timelines, Historical timelines, Timelines of world history). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_history

... , Roman Dacia, Ancient history of Romania, Archaeology of Romania). ... Prehistory of Transylvania History of Transylvania National Museum of Transylvanian History Celts in Transylvania List of ... The history of Transylvania during the early Middle Ages is difficult to ascertain due to the scarcity of reliable written or ... In ancient times, Romans exploited the gold mines in what is now Transylvania extensively, building access roads and forts to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Transylvania

History books about ancient Greece, History books about ancient Rome, Cambridge University Press books, Series of history books ... The Cambridge Ancient History is a multi-volume work of ancient history from Prehistory to Late Antiquity, published by ... "The Cambridge Ancient History" (PDF). p. 19. Retrieved 28 March 2013. Rhodes, P. J. "The Cambridge Ancient History" (PDF). p. ... 425-600 The Cambridge Medieval History The Cambridge Modern History Rhodes, P. J. "The Cambridge Ancient History" (PDF). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cambridge_Ancient_History

By far, the most important source of ancient Tamil history is the corpus of Tamil poems, referred to as Sangam literature, ... Another important source of studying ancient Tamil history are the coins that have been found in recent years in the ... There are literary, archaeological, epigraphic and numismatic sources of ancient Tamil history. The foremost among these ... is located near the Kaveri delta and played a vital role in the brisk maritime history of ancient Tamilakam. Excavations have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sources_of_ancient_Tamil_history

The American Journal of Ancient History (often abbreviated AJAH) is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering ancient history ... Ancient Greek and Roman Studies , EBSCO (Accessed October 9, 2013) Official website v t e (Webarchive template wayback links, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Journal_of_Ancient_History

Following is a list of topics on the military history of ancient Rome. Structural history of the Roman military The branches of ... Campaign history of the Roman military The history of Rome is inseparable from its military history over the roughly thirteen ... Military history stubs, Military history of ancient Rome). ... The military history of ancient Rome is inseparable from its ... Technological history of the Roman military From sticks and stones to ballistae and quinqueremes. Political history of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_ancient_Rome

"History of Palestine", with a Jewish focus History of ancient Israel and Judah History of Jordan History of the Sinai Peninsula ... Ancient Near East Levantine archaeology Near Eastern bioarchaeology History of the ancient Levant History of Cyprus History of ... ISBN 978-0-300-17264-5 Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of the Levant. The History of the Ancient Near East ( ... Prehistory of the Levant History of Islam A History of Ancient Israel and Judah by Miller, James Maxwell, and Hayes, John ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_ancient_Levant

Ancient Macedonians Ancient Macedonian language Antigonid Macedonian army Demographic history of Macedonia Government of ... Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies In the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC-300 AD. Leiden: Brill. King, ... Introduction to Ancient Greek History) Heracles to Alexander The Great: Treasures From The Royal Capital of Macedon, A Hellenic ... ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Lewis, D.M.; Boardman, John (1994). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Fourth Century B.C. (Volume 6). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)

Aspect of history History of mathematics - Historical development of mathematics History of numbers History of writing - ... History of computing, Numeral systems, Numerals, History of mathematics, Sumer). ... "History of Counting Systems and Numerals". Retrieved 11 December 2005. (Articles with short description, Short description is ... By the time that the numerical impressions provided insight into ancient numbers, the Sumerians had already developed a complex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ancient_numeral_systems

"History of the Ancient World". ozon.ru. ozon.ru. Retrieved March 12, 2016. History of the Ancient World, text in PDF format ( ... The book History of the Ancient World provides information on the history of the ancient states in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, ... Fyodor Korovkin (1985). History of the Ancient World. ISBN 9780828531559. Retrieved November 25, 2015. "History of the Ancient ... History of the Ancient World is a 1981 historical book written by Russian writer Fyodor Korovkin. It was first published by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Ancient_World

The Camden Professorship of Ancient History at the University of Oxford was established in 1622 by English antiquary and ... Since 1877 it has been attached to Brasenose College, and since 1910 it has been limited to Roman history. List of holders of ... OUP The Foundation and History of the Camden Chair: lecture by Prof H Stuart Jones, 1922 (Articles with short description, ... Professorships in history, 1622 establishments in England, Brasenose College, Oxford, Lists of people associated with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camden_Professor_of_Ancient_History

Professorships in history, Professors of Ancient History (Cambridge)). ... The Professorship of Ancient History at the University of Cambridge was established on 27 October 1898. The chair is based in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor_of_Ancient_History_(Cambridge)

A strong distinction in skin color is frequently seen in the portrayal of men and women in Ancient Rome. Since women in Ancient ... Herodotus (1996). Herodotus : the Histories. London: Penguin Books. Cassius Dio. Roman History LXII 3: "Nero admired him for ... An ancient society was one that for all its faults and failures never made color the basis for judging a man." - Frank Snowden ... No ancient writer attempted the detailed human classifications of pseudoscientific racism, and no exact definition of the term ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_people_in_ancient_Roman_history

Socrates was a milestone in the history of ethics. He regarded for the first time aretē as the rational part of the human soul/ ... mind (psychē). History of ethics (Articles lacking sources from March 2019, All articles lacking sources, Ancient Greek ethics ... The main ethical category for ancient Greeks was aretē, which is usually translated into English as "virtue" but sometimes as " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ethics_in_Ancient_Greece

... campaigns Habiru History of Israel History of Palestine History of the Jews in Egypt History of the Jews in Iran History of the ... The history of ancient Israel and Judah begins in the Southern Levant during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. "Israel" ... in Archaeology & History of the Land of the Bible International MA in Ancient Israel Studies, Tel Aviv University: "...Megiddo ... Smith, Mark S. (2002). The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah

As Mrs John Hungerford Pollen, she became known during the early-twentieth century as an authority on the history of textiles, ... 729-32 "Early Design in Lace" in The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 19:98 (May 1911) "Ancient Lace in the Royal Museums, ... In 1908, she published a history of lace-making, including an illustrated catalogue of 120 pieces in her own collection, ... Brussels" in The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 21:114 (September 1912) "Ancient Linen Garments" in The Burlington ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Margaret_Pollen

"Research Room for Ancient Art History" and "Stroll in Freedom". After this exhibition, he became one of the member of the juror ... He has a long history of involvement and contribution in contemporary art and education. His painting style integrate both ... "Ancient Art Research" painting "Do not desert Ha Palace of Versailles," painting "pine plains," painting "shows a lone pine ... the National History Museum. 31.1989 years, high mountains Painting Exhibition - Commemorating the death of Chiang Ching-kuo ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Houei-kuen

History challenge (worth double points): The two teams were given the task of recreating the Gallipoli landing from World War I ... During this episode, Mephisto gets possessed by an ancient Aztec demi-god, steals Steve's car, and disappears from the show ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Double_the_Fist_episodes

Populated places in ancient Cilicia, Former populated places in Turkey, Roman towns and cities in Turkey, History of Konya ... Olosada was a town of ancient Cilicia, inhabited in Roman times. The name does not occur among ancient authors but is inferred ... Its site is located near Afşar Kalesi, Asiatic Turkey, where an ancient theatre has been found. Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). ... Province, All stub articles, Ancient Cilicia geography stubs, Konya Province geography stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olosada

"Ancient Tales Reveal Answers to the Greatest Mysteries of Life - Boulder Jewish News". boulderjewishnews.org. 23 April 2013. " ... Jewish-American history, Jewish organizations established in 1924). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agudas_Chasidei_Chabad

... an ancient gold mine in Egypt. The exploration revealed that some 20th-century drives had broken into ancient gunnises which ... Barton, D. B. (1989) [1965]. A History of Tin Mining and Smelting in Cornwall. Exeter: Cornwall Books. pp. 209-10. ISBN 1- ... 2003), "Ancient Gold Extraction at Bir Umm Fawakhi", Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 40: 20-21, doi:10.2307/ ... That the gunnis was an element of mining in ancient times has been shown by archaeological investigation, such as that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnies

Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Yoruba history, Oba of Ado, Nigeria-related lists, ... appoint who is next in succession to the mantle of leadership as an oba in this ancient and the foremost Awori Kingdom. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olofin_Adimula_Oodua

Velouchiotis is one of the most controversial figures of modern Greek history. His personality and action was mythologized ... "ancient Greek war custom".[citation needed] Following the rehabilitation in Greece of the EAM/ELAS and subsequently of the ... the founder and creator of the biggest guerrilla army in the Greek history (ELAS) and a hero of the communist cause. Critics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aris_Velouchiotis

ISBN 978-1-115-94823-4. 'The Mystery of the Finlayson Map', in: Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David, in: Ancient Chiang Mai ... Macfarlane, Charles (2001). Our Indian Empire: Its History and Present State, from the Earliest Settlement of the British in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Finlayson

Salur, Salyr or Salgur (Turkish: Salır, Turkmen: Salyr, Persian: سالور) were an ancient Oghuz Turkic people and a sub-branch of ... which is part of his extensive history book Jami' al-tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles), says that the name Salyr means " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salur_(tribe)

Sibbald (1707). Sibbald's History & Description of Stirlingshire Ancient and Modern 1707 (1892 ed.). Edinburgh: R. S. Shearer ... History Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7509-6040-3. Shave, Paul. "UPPER FORTH RIVER TO STIRLING". Forth Yacht Clubs' Association. ... The city itself has grown up around its castle which stands atop an ancient quartz-dolerite sill, known as the Stirling Sill, a ... History Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7509-6040-3. Smith, Alexander (1865). A summer in Skye. London: Sampson Low, Marston. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling

W. Page (Ed.), 'Carmelite friars: Ipswich', A History of the County of Suffolk Volume 2 (1975), pp. 130-131. at British History ... The Ancient House, Ipswich, on land not far from the Priory Gate, was acquired by one George Copping in 1567 and substantially ... St Stephen's Lane formed part of an ancient street leading north through Ipswich from a ford of the river Orwell, but its ... English Heritage, Ancient Monuments Laboratory Unpublished Report, No. 17/91. V. B. Redstone, 'The Carmelites of Ipswich', Proc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipswich_Whitefriars

"Beaulieu Heights history" (PDF). Croydon.gov.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2020. " ... Beaulieu Heights (locally /ˈbjuːlə/ BEW-lə) 16 acres (6.5 ha) is an area of ancient woodland between South Norwood and Upper ... An illustrated history. London Borough of Croydon, Parks and Recreation Department. p. 12. ISBN 0951348108. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaulieu_Heights

ΤΔΦ's online history notes the fraternity's origin as a high school fraternity on 22 June 1910, in New York. The fraternity re- ... Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Hebrew-language text, Historically Jewish ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jewish_fraternities_and_sororities

In 2006, at the age of nineteen, Li made her acting debut in the historical television series The Secret History of Kangxi, ... playing the rebellious eldest daughter of an ancient security escort company. In May 2018, Li participated in the Beijing TV- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Fei'er

Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, Book V, chapter 31 Magazine, Smithsonian; Gershon, Livia. "In Ancient Turkey, Gladiators ... Mastaura (Ancient Greek: Μάσταυρα), was an ancient Greek town near Dereağzı, Nazilli in northern Caria, not to be confused with ... Populated places in ancient Caria, Roman sites in Turkey, Former populated places in Turkey, Ancient Greek archaeological sites ... Mastaura was situated in the north of ancient Caria, at the foot of Mount Messogis, on the small river Chrysaoras, between ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastaura_(Caria)

A periplus was also an ancient naval maneuver in which attacking triremes would outflank or encircle the defenders to attack ... The Silk Road in World History. New York: Oxford University Press. The dictionary definition of periplus at Wiktionary ( ... the ancient Greek speaker understood the word in its literal sense; however, it developed a few specialized meanings, one of ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, History of navigation, Peripluses, Classical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periplus

The literary legacy of this long-distance marriage is a correspondence that preserves gems of theatre history, including shared ... where he was held back for a year at fifteen for failing an examination in Ancient Greek. He sang at the Greek Orthodox ... Chekhov's death has become one of "the great set pieces of literary history", retold, embroidered, and fictionalized many times ...

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History portal Japan portal List of Historic Sites of Japan (Fukushima) Campbell, Allen; Nobel, David S (1993). Japan: An ... containing a reconstructed ancient house and preserved old farm houses. The barrier is one of three built during the Nara ... daimyō of Shirakawa Domain based on a study of ancient texts in the year 1800. He marked the location with a stone monument and ... History of Fukushima Prefecture, Historic Sites of Japan). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirakawa_Barrier

At Stanford, he taught counterpoint, the history of baroque music, and harpsichord as well as founded the Ph.D. program in ... Together with Alfred Zighera he founded the Boston Society of Ancient Instruments, and began to give performances on historical ...

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... ancient history and the Classics. Some of his students resisted his teachings, the most prominent being Pedro Lira and Antonio ... History The beginning of the independence revolution forced Chilean art into the background for a short period. However, soon ... Despite the significance of the Academy, some art historians criticised this period as one of the dullest in the history of ... the decorative details of his work are appreciated by Ricardo Bindis in his book History of Chilean Painting, who praises the ...

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viii + 221 (ISBN 0-88946-077-9). 1991 The ancient and modern names of the Channel Islands: a linguistic history. Stamford: Paul ... 96.] 2010 A place-name history of the parishes of Rottingdean and Ovingdean in Sussex (including Woodingdean and Saltdean). ... Dr Henry John Wilkins (1865-1941). Bristol: Avon Local History Association pamphlet 24. 2017 Your city's place-names: Brighton ... ISSN 1586-3719, ISSN 2061-0661.) 2019 Places, names and history in north-west Bristol: Shirehampton, Avonmouth and King's ...

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Greater Syria Fertile Crescent Levantine Sea Near East Ancient Near East Names of the Levant Eastern Mediterranean University ... Orfalea, Gregory (2006). The Arab Americans: A History. Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press. p. 249. ISBN 9781566565974. The ... Gore, Rick (17 October 2002). Clark, Robert (ed.). "Ancient Ashkelon". National Geographic Magazine. National Geographic ... which others link more to the Black Sea's economy and history. The three-word term is mainly a complex euphemism for the Balkan ...

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History of the Apostolic Church: with a General Introduction to Church History, page 389 (New York: Charles Scribner, 1853). ... Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles that may contain original research from November 2021, All ...

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Ancient sources indicate, however, that the Platonic dialogue had its foundations in the mime, which the Sicilian poets Sophron ... Braybrooke, Marcus (2009). Beacons of the Light: 100 Holy People Who Have Shaped the History of Humanity. p. 560. ISBN 978- ... Sarton, George (2011). Ancient Science Through the Golden Age of Greece. p. 405. ISBN 9780486274959. Bos, A. P. (1989). Cosmic ... Dialogue as a genre in the Middle East and Asia dates back to ancient works, such as Sumerian disputations preserved in copies ...

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"Sutton History & Genealogy Resources, Heston, Isleworth Hundred". Forebears.io. Retrieved 3 July 2022. London 3: North West, ... between the ancient Roman road to Bath, and the Uxbridge Road to Oxford. Another suggested etymology is Anglo-Saxon Hǣs-tūn = " ... 1962). "Heston and Isleworth: Introduction". A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3. Institute of Historical Research. ... Coming in to Land: A Short History of Hounslow, Hanworth and Heston Aerodromes 1911-1946. Heritage Publications (Hounslow ...

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Oxford: Ecclesiastical History Society, 1978. Nicolle 2014, p. 51. Nicolle 2014, p. 65. Nicolle 2014, p. 20. Nicolle 2014, p. ... Sprague, Martina (2007). Norse Warfare: The Unconventional Battle Strategies of the Ancient Vikings. Hippocrene. p. 10. ISBN ... German meteorological list of documented tornadoes A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period, Jamil M. Abun-Nasr, 1987, p ... ISBN 978-0-8047-1462-4. Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford University Press. ISBN ...

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Korean military history articles needing attention to grammar, Korean military history articles needing attention to coverage ... Lee told King Gojong that he believed that Usan Island was the ancient name of Ulleungdo. He reported that he and his group ... Korean military history articles needing attention to referencing and citation, Korean diarists, Korean prosecutors, ...

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The History of American Ceramics, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1988. Retrieved April 22, 2022. Del Vecchio, Mark. Postmodern ... carved forms that referenced architectural styles of ancient Crete, the Middle East, and Manueline Portugal (e.g., Arch, 1988 ... A Creative Legacy: A History of the National Endowment for the Arts, 1966-1995, New York: H.N. Abrams/National Endowment for ...

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Perspectives on ancient Near Eastern cultural history. pp. 1-26. Artemov, N. (2003). "The elusive beyond: Some notes on the ... In the ancient Sumerian poem Inanna's Descent to the Underworld, Ereshkigal is described as Inanna's older sister. However, ... Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses: Ereškigal (goddess) "Inana's descent to the nether world" - from The Electronic Text ... Samuel Noah Kramer relates this myth to the ancient Greek myth of the abduction of Persephone, asserting that the Greek story ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ereshkigal

She has contributed to the Yale Law Journal, the Law and History Review, The Cambridge Companion to Greek Law, and the Oxford ...

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... directory of online resources for the study of ancient history.. *Ancient History Resources : Ancient history research links ... see Ancient history (disambiguation).. "Ancient" and "Ancient World" redirect here. For the TV series, see The Ancient World ( ... Ancient_history at Curlie. *Ancient History - Academic Info: ... Pre-Islamic Arabia and Ancient history of Yemen. The history of ... Human History · Ancient Maritime History. Protohistory · Copper Age · Bronze Age · Axial Age · Iron Age. Historiography · ...

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As with most great advances in the history of ideas, there was no one defining Internet event. No apple fell on a cyber-Isaac ... For 70 years, American Heritage has been the leading magazine of U.S. history, politics, and culture. Read more ,, ... After every war in the nations history, the military has faced not only calls for demobilization but new challenges and new ... THE MAKING AND BREAKING OF CODES AND CIPHERS HAS PLAYED AN EXCITING AND OFTEN CRUCIAL PART IN AMERICAN HISTORY ...

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Study free History flashcards about Ancient Greece created by Lisset to improve your grades. Matching game, word search puzzle ... a city state in ancient Greece. Helot. a member of a class of serfs in ancient Sparta, intermediate in status between slaves ... Ancient Greece. Vocab. Term. Definition. Democracy -- People Rule A form of government in which people choose leaders by ...

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The Secrets of Ancient Roman Concrete. History contains many references to ancient concrete, including in the writings of the ... 8 Ways Roads Helped Rome Rule the Ancient World. 1. They were the key to Romes military might. The first major Roman road-the ... 8 Inventions We Owe to the Ancients. 1. Paper As early as 3000 B.C., Egyptians had developed a technique for making paper from ... 9 Blades that Forged History. For millennia, edged weapons such as swords, knives and daggers were the arms of choice for ...

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Index of Articles on Ancient History, Rome: Biographies ... Ancient History, Rome: Biographies Ancient History, Rome: ...

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7 Unusual Ancient Medical Techniques. Doctors are supposed to operate under the maxim "do no harm," but history shows this has ... But if you see something that doesnt look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly ... Ancient Greek doctors believed that a womans womb was a separate creature with a mind of its own. According to the writings of ... For the ancient Babylonians, most illnesses were thought to be the result of demonic forces or punishment by the gods for past ...

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1. Alexanders place in history. 2. Youth and accession of Alexander. 3. The struggle for the supremacy of the world. 4. The ... The History of Alexander the Great. Being the Syriac Version of the Pseudo-Callisthenes ... With his American collaborator Arthur Gilman (1837-1909), Mahaffy discusses Alexanders place in history before giving a close ...

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Mostly Ancient) History, followed by 1052 people on Flipboard. See more stories about The Arts, Water, Spanish History. ... In the history of world literature, there have been iconic writings that prove invaluable to how we see and understand the ... History of blue paint from the 16th century to the 20th century discussed. .css-s5xdrg{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex ... Most recent stories in (Mostly Ancient) History. *. .css-tzchz3{border:2px solid var(--color--divider-primary);border-radius: ...

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... "This is an introductory course in Greek history tracing the development of Greek ... You just viewed Introduction to Ancient Greek History. Please take a moment to rate this material. ...

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Browse our printable Ancient History Assessment resources for your classroom. Download free today! ... Women of the Ancient World Quiz. Students will use reference materials, the Internet, and their knowledge of ancient history to ... Quiz: Ancient Greek Games. Test your students knowledge about athletic contests in ancient Greek history and myth with this ... Ancient Egypt Quiz. What do your students know about the Sphinx, the Great Pyramids, and other mysteries of Ancient Egypt? Give ...

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Find out how these widespread trees slowly retreated to hidden and remote areas of our planet.

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Ancient Dogs Had Complex Genetic Histories. *By Eliene Augenbraun on January 21, 2021 ... "To a large degree, the history of dogs seems to have been shaped by human history-so likely reflecting how, when humans moved, ... Ancient humans clearly found dogs to be very useful.. "In the Arctic, theres evidence that sled dogs actually emerged very ... He and his colleagues studied the genomes of 27 ancient dog bones dug up around the world. They found that by 11,000 years ago ...

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A Manual of Ancient History, Partie 3. Mary Elsie Thalheimer. Affichage du livre entier - 1872. ... A MANUAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY. M. E. THALHEIMER. Affichage du livre entier - 1872. ... A Manual of Ancient History. Mary Elsie Thalheimer. Affichage du livre entier - 1872. ...

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Reconstructions & Sketches of the Ancient World Illustrated Bible History A growing database of images and sketches of the ... The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. ... Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires.. Ancient Jerusalem - Interactive Study of Jerusalem with ... History. Old Testament Overview - General survey of the Old Testament.. New Testament Overview - General survey of the New ...

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Ancient History Bunker. Can you name the answers correctly to get to sector 15 of the ancient history bunker?. ... Which battle in ancient Greece saw King Leonidas and his army face the army of the Persian King Xerxes? A) Salamis B) Actium C ... Which battle in ancient Greece saw King Leonidas and his army face the army of the Persian King Xerxes? A) Salamis B) Actium C ... Which battle in ancient Greece saw King Leonidas and his army face the army of the Persian King Xerxes? A) Salamis B) Actium C ...

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Ancient starch. The oldest starch grains unearthed, dating back to 6,100 years, came from Ecuador. Past research has ... Hot on a new trail of microscopic crumbs, researchers led by Linda Perry of Smithsonians National Museum of Natural History ... Perry suggested that the crevices of ancient tools provided safe havens for the starch grains, sealing them from degradation by ...

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History of Ancient Greek Civilization - Food, and Clothes ... History - Ancient Greece - Food and Clothes. History of Ancient ...

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An Opium Pillows Ancient History. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration sent this bulletin at 08/10/2022 11:45 AM EDT ... Learn the ancient history behind the pillows design and why opium dens eventually disappeared in the United States. ...

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Welcome to OUP Ancient History - the home of Oxford University Press market-leading undergraduate textbooks ... Regarded as one of the best general histories of the ancient world, Egypt, Greece and Rome Civilizations of the Ancient ... Be first to hear about new textbooks, new editions, and updates in Ancient History by ensuring you are correctly signed up to ...

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Find stocking stuffers and gifts for any ancient history enthusiast, from the mini version of the Terracotta Army to totes and ... "Last-Minute Gifts for Ancient History Lovers." ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/last-minute-gifts-ancient-history-lovers ... www.thoughtco.com/last-minute-gifts-ancient-history-lovers-116926 Silver, Carly. "Last-Minute Gifts for Ancient History Lovers ... History Expert * B.A., Religion, Barnard College. Carly Silver is an ancient and classical history expert who has served as a ...

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Temples of Ancient Egypt: Hats Hatshepsut: Man and Woman : Vi Queen Pharaoh - Hatshepsut 1of Queen Pharaoh 2of3 - YouTube Queen ... AOSC Ancient History. Ancient History resources. Related keywords:. NSW HSC Online HSC Online Hatshepsut Macquarie Study Guide ...

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... the exchange took on the unfortunate tone of a history lesson. Challenging former vice president Biden, Senator Harris used the ...

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See also: Tamil history from Sangam literature. By far, the most important source of ancient Tamil history is the corpus of ... "Department of Ancient History and Archeology, University of Madras". Archived from the original on 21 July 2007. Retrieved 6 ... Mahadevan, I. "Ancient Tamil coins from Sri Lanka", pp. 152-154 *^ Bopearachchi, O. "Ancient Sri Lanka and Tamil Nadu", pp. 546 ... There are literary, archaeological, epigraphic and numismatic sources of ancient Tamil history. The foremost among these ...

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Bloodletting probably began with the ancient Sumerians and Egyptians, but it didn't become common practice until the time of classical Greece and Rome. (history.com)
Culture, religion, and festivals - what do your students know about Ancient Greece? (teachervision.com)
Which battle in ancient Greece saw King Leonidas and his army face the army of the Persian King Xerxes? (sporcle.com)
Regarded as one of the best general histories of the ancient world, Egypt, Greece and Rome Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean second edition is written for the general reader and the student coming to the subject for the first time and provides a reliable and highly accessible point of entry to the period. (oup.com)
These genetic traits resembled those of ancient people who lived in what is now Greece, Italy and Spain. (smithsonianmag.com)
For example, we weren't really sure what popular music in ancient Greece was like, nor did we have much of a sense of the alcohols of ancient China. (listverse.com)
We definitely still don't know what people in all the time periods in history looked like, but some scientists have tried to answer it for ancient Greece . (listverse.com)
We're not talking about what people usually think of when they hear or read "ancient Greece" but the general Greece region, as it's also one of the oldest continuously inhabited regions in the world. (listverse.com)
We know a surprising lot about music in ancient Greece, compared to other civilizations from that time. (listverse.com)
But what's obscured by the thick foliage, revealed for the first time, is evidence of a sprawling civilization to rival ancient Greece or China. (newser.com)
Although women in ancient Greece were not considered citizens and their rights and freedoms were severely limited, the divorce process was fairly fair . (crfatsides.com)

What do your students know about the Sphinx, the Great Pyramids, and other mysteries of Ancient Egypt? (teachervision.com)
Historians could finally translate hieroglyphics and unlock the secrets of Ancient Egypt. (artlex.com)
in studying ancient Egypt, the most attention is given to the Hebrews, Joseph, Moses, the Passover, and the Exodus, although there are also sections on pyramids and pharaohs. (cathyduffyreviews.com)
Egypt was much more democratic than many other ancient kingdoms. (crfatsides.com)
Furthermore, the family line in ancient Egypt was drawn on the mother's side, not the father's. (crfatsides.com)
However, ancient Egypt was an exception . (crfatsides.com)
Our 49 Famous Ancient People printable contains famous people from the early days of ancient Egypt to the end of the Roman empire. (figuresinmotion.com)
The concept Ancient Egypt -- History -- To 332 B.C.E represents the subject, aboutness, idea or notion of resources found in Austin Public Library . (austintexas.gov)
Faience Amulets and Carnelian beads are from ancient Egypt, ca. 750 to 500 BCE. (liveauctioneers.com)
Whereas traumatic shoulder dislocation and its treatment can be traced back to ancient Egypt, MDI was acknowledged as a real entity only in 1980, when it was first described in detail by Neer and Foster. (medscape.com)
The oldest known prosthetics are two different artificial toes from ancient Egypt. (medlineplus.gov)

https://www.thoughtco.com/last-minute-gifts-ancient-history-lovers-116926 (accessed November 26, 2022). (thoughtco.com)

Use this scoring guide with the Baths of Ancient Rome lesson. (teachervision.com)
The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. (bible-history.com)
Which language was primarily spoken in ancient Rome? (sporcle.com)
What landmark of ancient Rome was originally called the Flavian Amphitheatre? (sporcle.com)
Unless you've ignored all the history lessons anyone ever tried to give you, you know of the destruction of Pompeii in ancient Rome. (listverse.com)
This book invites us to look at Ancient Rome and the modern world in a new light. (bloomsbury.com)
In ancient Rome, girls used to get married when they were only 12 years old. (crfatsides.com)
The education of women in ancient Rome was a highly controversial topic. (crfatsides.com)
In ancient Rome, women had many recreational activities and rich social life. (crfatsides.com)

Ancient" and "Ancient World" redirect here. (wikipedia.org)
For the TV series, see The Ancient World (TV series) . (wikipedia.org)
During the time period of ancient history, the world population was already exponentially increasing due to the Neolithic Revolution , which was in full progress. (wikipedia.org)
By the end of the ancient period in AD 500, the world population is thought to have stood at 209 million. (wikipedia.org)
In the history of world literature, there have been iconic writings that prove invaluable to how we see and understand the ancients. (flipboard.com)
He and his colleagues studied the genomes of 27 ancient dog bones dug up around the world. (scientificamerican.com)
Illustrated Bible History A growing database of images and sketches of the ancient world. (bible-history.com)
How many ancient wonders of the world were there? (sporcle.com)
she's published a successful series of tomes about important women across the centuries, as well as titles like Working IX to V . Learn about the world of Venus in The Joy of Sexus: Lust, Love, and Longing in the Ancient World, or school yourself on ladies of the past in Uppity Women of Ancient Times . (thoughtco.com)
Our BA Ancient History and Archaeology allows you to combine and pursue your interests in the history and archaeology of the ancient world. (bbk.ac.uk)
Archaeologists consider an object ancient if it dates to the ancient world. (artlex.com)
The Rosetta Stone is one of the most important discoveries from the ancient world. (artlex.com)
We tend to assume that people in various parts of the world have always looked pretty much the same throughout history, though that's not really true. (listverse.com)
Among these secondary resources are The Usborne Book of the Ancient World, The Holman Bible Atlas, Our Father Abraham, Adam and His Kin, First Civilizations , and Pharaohs and Kings: A Biblical Quest . (cathyduffyreviews.com)
There is so much we still have to learn about the ancient world and so much that has regrettably disappeared, been forgotten, or lost from current public consciousness. (patreon.com)
I want to help piece together the history of the ancient world and to engage an ever-growing community who share my thirst for this knowledge into doing the same. (patreon.com)
Told in a straightforward, engaging style that has become Susan Wise Bauer's trademark, The Story of the World series covers the sweep of human history from ancient times until the present. (changinghands.com)
Each Story of the World volume provides a full year of history study when combined with the Activity Book, Audiobook, and Tests-each available separately to accompany each volume of The Story of the World Text Book. (changinghands.com)
This may well be the best multi-age read aloud narrative of world history yet to have been written. (changinghands.com)
The statue of Zeus at Olympia was counted as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world . (thtsearch.com)
This article reports on the findings of an investigation into the tensions perceived by students aged 14-15 studying Ancient History in England, between their interest in the ancient world itself and the status of Ancient History as a curriculum subject. (cam.ac.uk)
They also ascribed value not just to expertise about the ancient world but to understanding how others responded to it. (cam.ac.uk)
The Thracians were the most feared professional killers of the ancient world-serving as hired assassins, enforcers, and mercenaries in famous battles from one end of the Mediterranean to the other. (ancienthistoryfangirl.com)
When I tell people which MA programme I'm studying I am always challenged on my reasons for wanting to study the ancient world. (exeter.ac.uk)
In this fascinating work, Rosalie David reveals the complex and intriguing world of gods and goddesses, tracing the history of Egyptian faith practices from the civilization's beginning through its growth into an empire and its later years as a Roman province. (africanhistorybooks.com)
Concluding with a glossary and including new translations of Egyptian spells, this is an essential work for students, scholars, or anyone fascinated by the ancient world. (africanhistorybooks.com)
Throughout history, our world has been shaped by the rich and powerful. (tvmeg.news)
The incredible story of the human history of the world. (historyoftheworldpodcast.com)
In the ancient world, two women stand out as the iconic witches the western tradition has come to accept as examples of the dark side. (worldhistory.us)
Garlic is one of the oldest spices in the ancient world, often equated with warding off evil, perhaps because of its curative powers. (worldhistory.us)
Scholars have determined that the terms used in the ancient world to denote "witch" and "witchcraft" were both feminine and masculine. (worldhistory.us)
Exploring the world through natural history travels are at the heart of two of our most popular journeys - an expeditionary cruise to Antarctica and our popular (and fascinating) land expedition to Churchill, Manitoba in search of the polar bears. (tauck.com)
A biography is a type of writing that tells the real history of the life of a man or woman, one who made a significant contribution to the world. (mc3.edu)
Since ancient times, this trading post connected the continent to the rest of the world. (cnn.com)
The Hippocratic doctor : ancient lessons for the modern world / John Fabre. (who.int)
In the ancient world, plague and pestilence were rather frequent calamities, and ordinary people were likely to have witnessed or heard vivid and scary reports about their terrible ravages. (cdc.gov)
Societies or communities in the Ancient World to health risks and burden on health systems, and the have been recorded performing migrations from one re- importance of building inclusive cost-effective health gion to another for the sake of a better environment and services. (who.int)

History contains many references to ancient concrete, including in the writings of the famous Roman scholar Pliny the Elder, who lived in the 1st century A.D. and died in the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79. (history.com)
We will equip you to study the Greek and Roman past through textual and archaeological evidence, from Greek pottery to Roman inscriptions, ancient cities to classical authors. (bbk.ac.uk)
Ancient Egyptian Faience Heart Amulet with Roman Glass Beads Necklace c.300-50 BC. (liveauctioneers.com)
As the Romans Did provides instructors and students with the most comprehensive treatment of Roman social history. (oup.com)
Approximately 300 years later-300 B.C.-in Italy, an ancient Roman nobleman used a prosthetic leg known as the "Capua leg. (medlineplus.gov)

Birkbeck was ranked in the top eight universities in the UK for its History research in the 2021 Research Excellence Framework. (bbk.ac.uk)

The emergence of permanent, stratified civilizations with systems of writing and record-keeping marked the turn from prehistory to ancient. (artlex.com)
Written mainly in Hebrew but also in Aramaic and Greek, the scrolls tell us a great deal about ancient civilizations. (artlex.com)
I feel that these architectural remains are from the greatest of the African civilizations," says Chami, standing near the ancient ruins of Kilwa. (cnn.com)
Since the ancient civilizations females suffer from the social domination that has been imposed by the males. (bvsalud.org)

The international team - which included key scientists from NASA's Perseverance mission - were visiting Pilbara for clues on how to search for ancient life on Mars . (edu.au)
Results of search for 'su:{History, Ancient. (who.int)

History is the study of the past using sources such as archaeology and written records. (wikipedia.org)
Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. (bible-history.com)
This ancient history and archaeology degree is ideal if you are interested in understanding the ancient past through words, texts, objects, buildings and places. (bbk.ac.uk)
The Department of History, Classics and Archaeology is home to thriving student societies and a number of affiliated research centres that actively run seminars, conferences and other events where some of the world's best scholars present their latest research. (bbk.ac.uk)
This incident has dredged up tensions that have been lurking in archaeology ever since ancient DNA studies started gaining wide attention a decade ago. (smithsonianmag.com)
Laura is the archaeology/history and Life's Little Mysteries editor at Live Science. (livescience.com)

Which ancient Egyptian goddess was often depicted as a hippopotamus? (sporcle.com)
The message on the stone is relatively unremarkable, but it's written in three languages: two versions of Egyptian hieroglyphs and Ancient Greek. (artlex.com)
Ancient Egyptian artisans carved the mask from two layers of inlaid gold, several precious gemstones, and glass. (artlex.com)
Plans & Diagrams above b&w image from 'SECRET CHAMBERS' by Robert Bauval,1999 The idea of hidden secret chambers , caverns, tunnels and passageways under the Egyptian Sphinx, indeed under all of the Giza Plateau, is not a modern concept, but actually derives from the Ancient Eyptians themselves. (pearltrees.com)
[3] Athletics events were depicted in the Ancient Egyptian tombs in Saqqara , with illustrations of running at the Heb Sed festival and high jumping appearing in tombs from as early as of 2250 BC. (wikipedia.org)
Every aspect of ancient Egyptian society-from education and law to medicine, birth, and death-was permeated by religion and magic, and dominated by divine life forces of the sun and the Nile. (africanhistorybooks.com)
Which Ancient Egyptian Goddess are You? (selectsmart.com)
Ancient Egyptian Faience Bead Necklace, Taweret Amulet c.300-50 BC. (liveauctioneers.com)
Ancient Egyptian Faience Bead Necklace, Baboon Amulet c.300-50 BC. (liveauctioneers.com)

Give the Hasbro fan in your life a taste of old-school fun with a real-life senet set, based off of those found in ancient tombs. (thoughtco.com)

Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history to as far as late antiquity . (wikipedia.org)

This Masters enables you to acquire and develop skills as an independent researcher in the field of Classics and Ancient History. (gla.ac.uk)
I am a member of the Department of Classics, Ancient History, Religion & Theology and the Digital Humanities Lab (DH Lab), with research interests in Latin Epigraphy. (exeter.ac.uk)
I have worked in the fields of Digital Humanities and Digital Classics for more than a decade, specialising in the analysis and digital publication of ancient textual materials. (exeter.ac.uk)

The ancient Egyptians had a remarkably well-organized medical system, complete with doctors who specialized in healing specific ailments. (history.com)
Witchcraft and the many variations denoted by that general term can be traced back to the Ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, especially the Babylonians. (worldhistory.us)

A fundamental difficulty of studying ancient history is that recorded histories cannot document the entirety of human events, and only a fraction of those documents have survived into the present day. (wikipedia.org)
The empirical data arise from an interview study across three different school communities in England of 14-15 year old students studying Ancient History as a curriculum subject. (cam.ac.uk)
However, the students all felt that studying Ancient History was a sign of an elite and privileged education, an image with which they did not feel entirely comfortable. (cam.ac.uk)
What is the Point in Studying Ancient History, Seriously? (exeter.ac.uk)

Ancient history covers all continents inhabited by humans in the period 3000 BC - AD 500. (wikipedia.org)
To a large degree, the history of dogs seems to have been shaped by human history-so likely reflecting how, when humans moved, they would have brought their dogs with them. (scientificamerican.com)
Ancient humans clearly found dogs to be very useful. (scientificamerican.com)
At a jungle-covered cave site in southwestern Sri Lanka, archaeologists have found a remarkable collection of ancient objects, including tools that they believe are among the oldest survival gear humans used in rainforests. (nationalgeographic.com)

The largest beasts on the planet still roam Africa, tribes still follow ancient ways and traditions, and you can't help but feel the pulse of a primal connection, and hear echoes of a distant past in the strange, magnificent, breathtaking landscapes. (tauck.com)
Chami is now on a mission to find the mystical city of Rhapta - one of the wealthiest cities in the history of sub-Saharan Africa. (cnn.com)

The ancient Greeks are often credited with building the foundations upon which all western cultures are built, and this impressive accolade stems from their innovative contributions to a wide range of human activities, from sports to medicine , architecture to democracy. (worldhistory.org)
Previous and contemporary ancient cultures had represented the human figure in a simple standing and rather static pose so that the people represented often looked as lifeless as the stone from which they were carved. (worldhistory.org)
Women empowered with supernatural abilities can be found in all ancient cultures, often serving a positive and a negative purpose in everyday life and the quest to know. (worldhistory.us)
Across Asia high-tech cultures are evolving beside ancient ones. (tauck.com)
Israel may be small geographically but it is a country of epic proportions, rich with ancient sites and stories that stir the imagination within a modern, kaleidoscopic mix of immigrants, ethnicities, cultures, and religions. (tauck.com)
According to Katherine Ott, Ph.D., curator for the Division of Medicine and Science at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History, this is partly because different cultures have their own ideas about what makes a person whole. (medlineplus.gov)

The ancient period is a long age of human history from about 3000 BCE to 400 CE. (artlex.com)

This textbook is endorsed by OCR and supports the specification for GCSE Ancient History (first teaching September 2017). (bloomsbury.com)

The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the Sumerian cuneiform script. (wikipedia.org)
This also places ancient form of Tamil to early Sumerian period, say as ancient as 3500 BC. (wikipedia.org)

Johnson explores the highs, lows, and deep pits of dirt through which archaeologists wade, all en route to painting fascinating portraits of the archaeologists she truly admires. (thoughtco.com)
Newser) - Archaeologists who've spent five years digging up an ancient city in Iraq's Kurdistan region have finally learned its name-and it's legendary. (newser.com)

Sivaraja Pillay, a 20th-century historian, while constructing the genealogy of ancient Tamil kings from Sangam literature, insists that the Sangam poems show no similarities with ancient Puranic literature and medieval Tamil literature, both of which contain, according to him, fanciful myths and impossible legends. (wikipedia.org)

While the discussion of school diversity on the national stage was fully welcome, the exchange took on the unfortunate tone of a history lesson. (tcf.org)
Quick start your ancient history lesson with this teaching resource! (figuresinmotion.com)

We will also encourage you to question accepted histories, to construct and present convincing historical and archaeological arguments using texts, images, and material objects and remains as evidence. (bbk.ac.uk)
This historical approach is an unusual and important feature to note since it does not cover the same material taught in most history texts. (cathyduffyreviews.com)
The Rig Veda is regarded as one of the most ancient written texts. (pparihar.com)

Test your students' knowledge about the ancient Olympic games with this quiz. (teachervision.com)
Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC. (wikipedia.org)

There are literary, archaeological, epigraphic and numismatic sources of ancient Tamil history . (wikipedia.org)
to delve into lost history and into old archaeological and scientific research from bygone eras that has long been forgotten. (patreon.com)
In Wiebke Friese & Troels Myrup-Kristensen (Ed.), Excavating Pilgrimage: Archaeological Approaches to Sacred Travel and Movement in the Ancient Mediterranean and Near East. (uiowa.edu)

[13] During the time of the ancient games their origins were attributed to the gods, and competing legends persisted as to who actually was responsible for the genesis of the games. (thtsearch.com)

Trevor received his undergraduate degree in history and the history of science from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and is currently working on a master's degree in history at George Mason University. (classroom20.com)
His undergraduate thesis examined the history of children's biographies of Marie Curie and Albert Einstein. (classroom20.com)

Can you name the answers correctly to get to sector 15 of the ancient history bunker? (sporcle.com)

Examining the motivations of past historians, the author rejects the ancient aspiration to a 'history for its own sake' and argues that historians' importance lies in their own adoption of a moral standpoint, from which a story of the past can be told, that facilitates the attainment of a future we desire. (routledge.com)

A few modern breeds-like the African basenji, New Guinea singing dog or Australian dingo-are similar to one of the five ancient lineages. (scientificamerican.com)
There's no connection between the ancient Philistines & the modern Palestinians, whose ancestors came from the Arabian Peninsula to the Land of Israel thousands of years later. (smithsonianmag.com)
The new research had nothing to say about the genetic history of Jews or Palestinians or the connection those modern populations have to the land. (smithsonianmag.com)
Sausages have been around at least since ancient Mesopotamia-and even made a cameo in Homer's Odyssey -so there isn't exactly a birth certificate marking the appearance of the first "modern" hot dog . (mentalfloss.com)
The ancient Olympics had fewer events than the modern games, and only freeborn Greek men were allowed to participate, Ancient%20Greek%20civilization %2C%20Wiley" style="color:blue">[9] although there were victorious women chariot owners. (thtsearch.com)
In this episode, we use ancient sources and modern archeology to build a picture of how these epic people lived, loved, fought, and died. (ancienthistoryfangirl.com)

Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/last-minute-gifts-ancient-history-lovers-116926 Silver, Carly. (thoughtco.com)
https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa24198" from http://www.swansea.ac.uk/staff/academic/artshumanities/hc/heatherhunter-crawley/name,221075,en.php on 6-6-17. (uiowa.edu)

The ancient Vedic period treated men and women as equals. (pparihar.com)

I am a self taught and passionate historian with particular interest in British History since the Anglo Saxons, but an interest in everything going all the way back to the Big Bang. (historyoftheworldpodcast.com)

Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more. (britannica.com)
By far, the most important source of ancient Tamil history is the corpus of Tamil poems, referred to as Sangam literature , generally dated from the last centuries of the pre-Christian era to the early centuries of the Christian era. (wikipedia.org)
Inevitably controversial, in that it challenges many of the assumptions of modernist history, this is an interdisciplinary book, which draws in particular on psychology and literature. (routledge.com)
It covers Bible, history, and language arts (a good deal of literature and composition, but grammar only to a limited extent), as well as some science and art history. (cathyduffyreviews.com)
She has a Ph.D. in American Studies from the College of William & Mary in Virginia, as well as an M.A. in seventeenth-century literature and a Master of Divinity in Ancient Near Eastern Languages and Literature. (changinghands.com)
Herpes zoster (shingles) has been recognized since ancient times and was described in the early medical literature. (cdc.gov)
Immigration is considered as old as the history of Man- borders, and the literature emphasizes the importance of evidence-based policies to deal with refugees with regard kind. (who.int)

Within 24 hours, the assembled Ministers declared this re-infection of the Middle East an emergency for the entire Eastern Mediterranean Region, calling for extraordinary joint action to combat this ancient scourge [1]. (who.int)
This decisive leadership and rapid emergency action builds on a long and illustrious history of infectious disease control, vaccination and, especially, polio eradication in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. (who.int)

Suggestive history and physical examination findings are the basis of a diagnosis of MDI (see Presentation ). (medscape.com)

Ancient Jerusalem - Interactive Study of Jerusalem with Map. (bible-history.com)
Tom Booth, a researcher in the ancient genomics laboratory at the Francis Crick Institute in London, worried that picking apart what the prime minister got wrong about the study would suggest that, in an alternate reality, where his interpretation was scientifically sound, Netanyahu would be justified in using such a study to support his claims about Palestinian rights. (smithsonianmag.com)
Science study covers creation science (young-earth perspective) and science history with limited applied science. (cathyduffyreviews.com)
This first book in the four-volume narrative history series for elementary students will transform your study of history. (changinghands.com)
Use it online as you look for ancient people to study during your school year. (figuresinmotion.com)
NASA and ESA scientists visited Pilbara to study its ancient rocks and fossils - which are roughly the same age as the rocks that might hold signs of life on Mars. (edu.au)

The ancient Persians and Greeks considered it a useful ointment, and second-century Chinese alchemists prized liquid mercury, or "quicksilver," and red mercury sulfide for their supposed ability to increase lifespan and vitality. (history.com)

a member of a class of serfs in ancient Sparta, intermediate in status between slaves and citizens. (studystack.com)

Scientists extract ancient DNA from ground-up bison bones and teeth. (livescience.com)
This disease, this stage of disease, is more frequently diagnosed by the paleopathologist in ancient human bones because the bones are affected by typical lesions on cranium and on the long bones. (cdc.gov)

Students focused on the ancient world's personal relevance for their own lives. (cam.ac.uk)

Sitting for millennia on ancient, vital trade and travel routes, leaders here have faced a twofold challenge in protecting their people from the ravages of infectious diseases: first, the control of pathogens native to these lands and, secondly, the elimination of those pathogens which gain entry with travellers, traders and pilgrims. (who.int)

Newser) - Only a handful of ancient Mayan temples rise above a dense jungle of trees in Guatemala. (newser.com)
The ancient Greek city-state wanted to reinforce the importance of having 'a balanced life and proper morals', and to do so, they designed temples based on mathematical proportions, reflecting their culture and high-held values. (edifice.gr)

Nowadays a jury system usually consists of twelve people but in ancient Athens, it was the entire assembly and each member was picked at random using a machine known as the kleroterion . (worldhistory.org)
In ancient Athens, popular courts of paid jurors helped institutionalize fairness. (victorhanson.com)

In History's Crazy Rich Ancients, each half-hour episode introduces mysterious icons from the past who shared one obsession - from exotic animals to billion-dollar parties to nine-figure palaces. (tvmeg.news)

2. History and Historical Examples. (routledge.com)
Historical records do a good job of telling us what history was like in umbrella terms. (listverse.com)
Supplemental books (recommended titles are described in each unit) can supply additional historical information if you want your children to cover more "traditional" history. (cathyduffyreviews.com)
Become a builder of the Ancient Architects historical brand. (patreon.com)
His historical interests lay at the intersection of the history of science, the history of education and the history of children's media. (classroom20.com)

Test your students' knowledge about athletic contests in ancient Greek history and myth with this quiz. (teachervision.com)

Origins and history of chiropractic. (medlineplus.gov)

An expert in ancient performance, Meineck provides invaluable insight into the way myths came to life in antiquity. (thoughtco.com)

[7] [8] Few people were capable of writing histories, as literacy was not widespread in almost any culture until long after the end of ancient history. (wikipedia.org)
The Babylonians - Learn about ancient Babylon and the people who lived there. (bible-history.com)
Hot on a new trail of microscopic crumbs, researchers led by Linda Perry of Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History have revealed that domesticated chili peppers originated in the Americas earlier than previously thought, even before people started making pottery. (livescience.com)
With technology consistently getting better at answering these questions and more, however, we're gradually getting closer to experiencing history precisely as the people living in those times did. (listverse.com)
Moreover, cave paintings clearly show the difference between the hybrid animal and the steppe bison, showing that even ancient people noticed the difference between the two animals. (livescience.com)
Another drawing of a steppe bison that ancient people made with charcoal from the Chauvet-Pont d'Arc Cave in France. (livescience.com)

Prehistory is the period before written history. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy7

Organisms45

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs10

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes74

Disciplines and Occupations11

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena20

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Humanities24

Information Science8

Named Groups3

Health Care36

Geographicals27

The Ice Man's diet as reflected by the stable nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of his hair. (1/1126)

Documenting the diet in ancient human populations through stable isotope analysis of hair. (2/1126)

Preservation of key biomolecules in the fossil record: current knowledge and future challenges. (3/1126)

How microbial ancient DNA, found in association with human remains, can be interpreted. (4/1126)

The molecular genetics of European ancestry. (5/1126)

The robust australopithecine face: a morphogenetic perspective. (6/1126)

Environment and behavior of 2.5-million-year-old Bouri hominids. (7/1126)

Australopithecus garhi: a new species of early hominid from Ethiopia. (8/1126)

Phylogeny

Fossils

Evolution, Molecular

Ancient Lands

Archaeology

History, 17th Century

Mummies

History, 18th Century

History, 15th Century

History, 19th Century

Paleopathology

History, 20th Century

History, 16th Century

Medical History Taking

Biological Evolution

Paleontology

DNA, Mitochondrial

Molecular Sequence Data

History of Medicine

Siberia

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Palaeognathae

Genetic Variation

History, 21st Century

Gene Duplication

History, Ancient

Burial

Geography

Genetics, Population

Civilization

Neanderthals

History

History, Medieval

Haplotypes

Base Sequence

Mammoths

Risk Factors

Sequence Alignment

Extinction, Biological

Models, Genetic

Greek World

Amino Acid Sequence

Phylogeography

Species Specificity

Bayes Theorem

Geological Phenomena

Vertebrates

Natural History

Likelihood Functions

Geology

Bible

Multigene Family

Wolves

Literature

Funeral Rites

Anthropology

Conserved Sequence

Egypt

Evolution, Planetary

Time Factors

Europe

Synteny

Anthropology, Physical

Byzantium

Genetic Speciation

Genome

Gene Transfer, Horizontal

Ursidae

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Gene Flow

Family Health

Africa

Reproduction, Asexual

Invertebrates

Selection, Genetic

Population Dynamics

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Emigration and Immigration

Genome, Mitochondrial

Symbiosis