History 17th century. Medical search

Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.

Time period from 1601 through 1700 of the common era.

Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

Time period from 1401 through 1500 of the common era.

Time period from 1501 through 1600 of the common era.

The period of history from the year 500 through 1450 of the common era.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

Time period from 2001 through 2100 of the common era.

The period of history before 500 of the common era.

Subset of helper-effector T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete IL-17, IL-17F, and IL-22. These cytokines are involved in host defenses and tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases.

An ancient civilization, known as early as 2000 B.C. The Persian Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great (550-529 B.C.) and for 200 years, from 550 to 331 B.C., the Persians ruled the ancient world from India to Egypt. The territory west of India was called Persis by the Greeks who later called the entire empire Persia. In 331 B.C. the Persian wars against the Greeks ended disastrously under the counterattacks by Alexander the Great. The name Persia in modern times for the modern country was changed to Iran in 1935. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p546 & Asimov, Words on the Map, 1962, p176)

Residential treatment centers for individuals with leprosy.

The distinctly human attributes and attainments of a particular society.

The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life.

The study of disease in prehistoric times as revealed in bones, mummies, and archaeologic artifacts.

Written or other literary works whose subject matter is medical or about the profession of medicine and related areas.

Compositions written by hand, as one written before the invention or adoption of printing. A manuscript may also refer to a handwritten copy of an ancient author. A manuscript may be handwritten or typewritten as distinguished from a printed copy, especially the copy of a writer's work from which printed copies are made. (Webster, 3d ed)

An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs.

The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.

The science devoted to the comparative study of man.

The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The act or ceremony of putting a corpse into the ground or a vault, or into the sea; or the inurnment of CREMAINS.

The attempt to improve the PHENOTYPES of future generations of the human population by fostering the reproduction of those with favorable phenotypes and GENOTYPES and hampering or preventing BREEDING by those with "undesirable" phenotypes and genotypes. The concept is largely discredited. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Graphic representations, especially of the face, of real persons, usually posed, living or dead. (From Thesaurus for Graphic Materials II, p540, 1995)

A medical specialty concerned with the study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the nervous system.

Books containing photographs, prints, drawings, portraits, plates, diagrams, facsimiles, maps, tables, or other representations or systematic arrangement of data designed to elucidate or decorate its contents. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p114)

A branch of biology dealing with the structure of organisms.

An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.

Bodies preserved either by the ancient Egyptian technique or due to chance under favorable climatic conditions.

A body of stories, the origins of which may be unknown or forgotten, that serve to explain practices, beliefs, institutions or natural phenomena. Mythology includes legends and folk tales. It may refer to classical mythology or to a body of modern thought and modern life. (From Webster's 1st ed)

The effect of GLOBAL WARMING and the resulting increase in world temperatures. The predicted health effects of such long-term climatic change include increased incidence of respiratory, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases.

Acquiring information from a patient on past medical conditions and treatments.

The period of history from 1601 of the common era to the present.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

A love or pursuit of wisdom. A search for the underlying causes and principles of reality. (Webster, 3d ed)

Beliefs and practices concerned with producing desired results through supernatural forces or agents as with the manipulation of fetishes or rituals.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The comparative science dealing with the physical characteristics of humans as related to their origin, evolution, and development in the total environment.

Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.

The prediction or projection of the nature of future problems or existing conditions based upon the extrapolation or interpretation of existing scientific data or by the application of scientific methodology.

The practice of medicine concerned with conditions affecting the health of individuals associated with the marine environment.

Created 7 April 1992 as a result of the division of Yugoslavia.

The field which deals with illustrative clarification of biomedical concepts, as in the use of diagrams and drawings. The illustration may be produced by hand, photography, computer, or other electronic or mechanical methods.

Any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Books used in the study of a subject that contain a systematic presentation of the principles and vocabulary of a subject.

The study of natural phenomena by observation, measurement, and experimentation.

The rigid framework of connected bones that gives form to the body, protects and supports its soft organs and tissues, and provides attachments for MUSCLES.

The separation or resolution of the psyche into its constituent elements. The term has two separate meanings: 1. a procedure devised by Sigmund Freud, for investigating mental processes by means of free association, dream interpretation and interpretation of resistance and transference manifestations; and 2. a theory of psychology developed by Freud from his clinical experience with hysterical patients. (From Campbell, Psychiatric Dictionary, 1996).

The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.

The interrelationship of medicine and religion.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

A group comprised of several species of eared seals found in two genera, in the family Otariidae. In comparison to SEA LIONS, they have an especially dense wooly undercoat.

Materials or substances used in the composition of traditional medical remedies. The use of this term in MeSH was formerly restricted to historical articles or those concerned with traditional medicine, but it can also refer to homeopathic remedies. Nosodes are specific types of homeopathic remedies prepared from causal agents or disease products.

The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of bacteria, and BACTERIAL INFECTIONS.

Study of coins, tokens, medals, etc. However, it usually refers to medals pertaining to the history of medicine.

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

Systems of medicine based on cultural beliefs and practices handed down from generation to generation. The concept includes mystical and magical rituals (SPIRITUAL THERAPIES); PHYTOTHERAPY; and other treatments which may not be explained by modern medicine.

The study of religion and religious belief, or a particular system or school of religious beliefs and teachings (from online Cambridge Dictionary of American English, 2000 and WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, 1997)

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

A phenomenon that is observed when a small subgroup of a larger POPULATION establishes itself as a separate and isolated entity. The subgroup's GENE POOL carries only a fraction of the genetic diversity of the parental population resulting in an increased frequency of certain diseases in the subgroup, especially those diseases known to be autosomal recessive.

Mobilization of human, financial, capital, physical and or natural resources to generate goods and services.

An acute, highly contagious, often fatal infectious disease caused by an orthopoxvirus characterized by a biphasic febrile course and distinctive progressive skin eruptions. Vaccination has succeeded in eradicating smallpox worldwide. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Field of medicine concerned with the determination of causes, incidence, and characteristic behavior of disease outbreaks affecting human populations. It includes the interrelationships of host, agent, and environment as related to the distribution and control of disease.

The biological science concerned with the life-supporting properties, functions, and processes of living organisms or their parts.

Societies having institutional membership limited to hospitals and other health care institutions.

Social process whereby the values, attitudes, or institutions of society, such as education, family, religion, and industry become modified. It includes both the natural process and action programs initiated by members of the community.

A country in western Europe bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, the Mediterranean Sea, and the countries of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the principalities of Andorra and Monaco, and by the duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital is Paris.

A system of government in which there is free and equal participation by the people in the political decision-making process.

Inflammation of the periosteum. The condition is generally chronic, and is marked by tenderness and swelling of the bone and an aching pain. Acute periostitis is due to infection, is characterized by diffuse suppuration, severe pain, and constitutional symptoms, and usually results in necrosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Unlawful act of taking property.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Homeostatic control of the immune system by secretion of different cytokines by the Th1 and Th2 cells. The concentration dependent binding of the various cytokines to specific receptors determines the balance (or imbalance leading to disease).

Increase, over a specific period of time, in the number of individuals living in a country or region.

A concept that stands for or suggests something else by reason of its relationship, association, convention, or resemblance. The symbolism may be mental or a visible sign or representation. (From Webster, 3d ed)

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

All deaths reported in a given population.

Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.

A plant species of the genus CITRUS, family RUTACEAE that provides the familiar lime fruit. Its common name of lime is similar to the limetree (TILIA).

The field of biology which deals with the process of the growth and differentiation of an organism.

The study and practice of medicine by direct examination of the patient.

The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.

The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders.

The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.

The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.

The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.

Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.

A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).

Cultivated plants or agricultural produce such as grain, vegetables, or fruit. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)

Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)

A monotheistic religion promulgated by the Prophet Mohammed with Allah as the deity.

Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.

The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.

Use for general articles concerning medical education.

A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000)

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

The process of leaving one's country to establish residence in a foreign country.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

An induced skin pigment (MELANIN) darkening after exposure to SUNLIGHT or ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. The degree of tanning depends on the intensity and duration of UV exposure, and genetic factors.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Organized institutions which provide services to ameliorate conditions of need or social pathology in the community.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A subfamily of the Old World monkeys, CERCOPITHECIDAE. They inhabit the forests and savannas of Africa. This subfamily contains the following genera: CERCOCEBUS; CERCOPITHECUS; ERYTHROCEBUS; MACACA; PAPIO; and THEROPITHECUS.

Any enterprise centered on the processing, assembly, production, or marketing of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise, in a particular field often named after its principal product. Examples include the automobile, fishing, music, publishing, insurance, and textile industries.

Societies whose membership is limited to physicians.

The quality or state of relating to or affecting two or more nations. (After Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The etiologic agent of PLAGUE in man, rats, ground squirrels, and other rodents.

Programs of surveillance designed to prevent the transmission of disease by any means from person to person or from animal to man.

Parliamentary democracy located between France on the northeast and Portugual on the west and bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of medicine.

A specialty in which manual or operative procedures are used in the treatment of disease, injuries, or deformities.

An infant during the first month after birth.

The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.

The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.

Number of individuals in a population relative to space.

The study of the heart, its physiology, and its functions.

Countries that have reached a level of economic achievement through an increase of production, per capita income and consumption, and utilization of natural and human resources.

The Arctic Ocean and the lands in it and adjacent to it. It includes Point Barrow, Alaska, most of the Franklin District in Canada, two thirds of Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Lapland, Novaya Zemlya, and Northern Siberia. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p66)

The activities and endeavors of the public health services in a community on any level.

The largest of the continents. It was known to the Romans more specifically as what we know today as Asia Minor. The name comes from at least two possible sources: from the Assyrian asu (to rise) or from the Sanskrit usa (dawn), both with reference to its being the land of the rising sun, i.e., eastern as opposed to Europe, to the west. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p82 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p34)

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

An interactive process whereby members of a community are concerned for the equality and rights of all.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

Based on known statistical data, the number of years which any person of a given age may reasonably expected to live.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

The processes and properties of living organisms by which they take in and balance the use of nutritive materials for energy, heat production, or building material for the growth, maintenance, or repair of tissues and the nutritive properties of FOOD.

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

Research that involves the application of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to medicine.

An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.

Conferences, conventions or formal meetings usually attended by delegates representing a special field of interest.

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members.

The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

Postnatal deaths from BIRTH to 365 days after birth in a given population. Postneonatal mortality represents deaths between 28 days and 365 days after birth (as defined by National Center for Health Statistics). Neonatal mortality represents deaths from birth to 27 days after birth.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

A former branch of knowledge embracing the study, description, and classification of natural objects (as animals, plants, and minerals) and thus including the modern sciences of zoology, botany, and mineralogy insofar as they existed at that time. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries it was much used for the generalized pursuit of certain areas of science. (Webster, 3d ed; from Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.

A live VACCINIA VIRUS vaccine of calf lymph or chick embryo origin, used for immunization against smallpox. It is now recommended only for laboratory workers exposed to smallpox virus. Certain countries continue to vaccinate those in the military service. Complications that result from smallpox vaccination include vaccinia, secondary bacterial infections, and encephalomyelitis. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Prisoners of the proximate: loosening the constraints on epidemiology in an age of change. (1/451)

"Modern epidemiology" has a primary orientation to the study of multiple risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases. If epidemiologists are to understand the determinants of population health in terms that extend beyond proximate, individual-level risk factors (and their biological mediators), they must learn to apply a social-ecologic systems perspective. The mind-set and methods of modern epidemiology entail the following four main constraints that limit engagement in issues of wider context: 1) a preoccupation with proximate risk factors; 2) a focus on individual-level versus population-level influences on health; 3) a typically modular (time-windowed) view of how individuals undergo changes in risk status (i.e., a life-stage vs. a life-course model of risk acquisition); and 4) the, as yet, unfamiliar challenge of scenario-based forecasting of health consequences of future, large-scale social and environmental changes. The evolution of the content and methods of epidemiology continues. Epidemiologists are gaining insights into the complex social and environmental systems that are the context for health and disease; thinking about population health in increasingly ecologic terms; developing dynamic, interactive, life-course models of disease risk acquisition; and extending their spatial-temporal frame of reference as they perceive the health risks posed by escalating human pressures on the wider environment. The constraints of "the proximate" upon epidemiology are thus loosening as the end of the century approaches. (+info)

Reconstruction of a historical genealogy by means of STR analysis and Y-haplotyping of ancient DNA. (2/451)

Archaeological excavations in St Margaretha's church at Reichersdorf, Germany, in 1993 led to the discovery of eight skeletons, so far assumed to be of the Earls of Konigsfeld, who used the church as a family sepulchre over a period of seven generations from 1546 to 1749. DNA-based sex testing and analysis of autosomal short tandem repeat systems (STR) was carried out to confirm the assumption of kinship. Since five of the individuals were determined as males, analysis of Y-specific STRs seemed feasible. A comparison of Y-haplotypes revealed that one individual could not be linked to the Konigsfeld patrilineage, an observation supported by autosomal STR evidence. Two individuals typed as females posed an identification problem, since supposedly only male members of the family were buried in St Margaretha's. Nevertheless, these individuals could tentatively be identified as members of the House of Konigsfeld through genetic fingerprinting. (+info)

A bit of history. (3/451)

Reviews of scientific literature began to appear in the 17th century. Journals dedicated to them soon followed, leading eventually to this one, which emerged in the 1930s as Bacteriological Reviews; it adapted to the many changes in our fluid discipline, evolving into the present, much broader Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. (+info)

The original presentation of Boyle's law. (4/451)

The original presentation of what we know as Boyle's law has several interesting features. First, the technical difficulties of the experiment were considerable, because Boyle used a glass tube full of mercury that was nearly 2.5 m long, and the large pressures sometimes shattered the glass. Next, Boyle's table of results contains extremely awkward fractions, such 10/13, 2/17, 13/19, and 18/23, which look very strange to us today. This was because he calculated the pressure for a certain volume of gas by using simple multiplication and division, keeping the vulgar fractions. Boyle was not able to express the numbers as decimals because this notation was not in common use at the time. Finally, his contention that pressure and volume were inversely related depended on the reader's comparing two sets of numbers in adjacent columns to see how well they agreed. Today we would plot the data, but again orthogonal graphs were not in general use in 1662. When Boyle's data are plotted by using modern conventional methods, they strongly support his hypothesis that the volume and pressure of a gas are inversely related. (+info)

Alexander Pope (1688-1744): his spinal deformity and his doctors. (5/451)

Alexander Pope was the towering figure of 18th century England. A poet and a wit he commanded unswerving loyalty from his friends and penetrating hatred from his enemies. His spinal deformity, either due to tuberculosis, trauma or congenital weakness, shaped his career. This brief report highlights the illness and the medical men who were involved in treating Alexander Pope. (+info)

From Shakespeare to Defoe: malaria in England in the Little Ice Age. (6/451)

Present global temperatures are in a warming phase that began 200 to 300 years ago. Some climate models suggest that human activities may have exacerbated this phase by raising the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Discussions of the potential effects of the weather include predictions that malaria will emerge from the tropics and become established in Europe and North America. The complex ecology and transmission dynamics of the disease, as well as accounts of its early history, refute such predictions. Until the second half of the 20th century, malaria was endemic and widespread in many temperate regions, with major epidemics as far north as the Arctic Circle. From 1564 to the 1730s the coldest period of the Little Ice Age malaria was an important cause of illness and death in several parts of England. Transmission began to decline only in the 19th century, when the present warming trend was well under way. The history of the disease in England underscores the role of factors other than temperature in malaria transmission. (+info)

Historical and cultural roots of drinking problems among American Indians. (7/451)

Roots of the epidemic of alcohol-related problems among many Native North Americans are sought in cultural responses to European arrival, the role of alcohol in frontier society, and colonial and postcolonial policies. Evidence from the historical record is considered within the framework of current social science. Initially, Native American's responses to alcohol were heavily influenced by the example of White frontiersmen, who drank immoderately and engaged in otherwise unacceptable behavior while drunk. Whites also deliberately pressed alcohol upon the natives because it was an immensely profitable trade good; in addition, alcohol was used as a tool of "diplomacy" in official dealings between authorities and natives. The authors argue that further research into the origins of modern indigenous people's problems with alcohol would benefit from an interdisciplinary "determinants of health" approach in which biological influences on alcohol problems are investigated in the context of the cultural, social, and economic forces that have shaped individual and group drinking patterns. (+info)

Historical perspectives of cellular oxygen sensing and responses to hypoxia. (8/451)

The responses to acute and chronic hypoxia begin with oxygen sensing, and this historical perspective is written in line with this concept. The earliest pertinent work started with studies on fermentation in yeast in the 17th century, before the discovery of oxygen. It required 200 yr to localize the oxygen sensing within the cells and another 100 yr to discover the cellular oxidation reactions. Today, the consensus is that the mitochondrial respiratory chain is in part the site of oxygen sensing. In addition, membrane-bound NAD(P)H oxidase possibly takes part in oxygen sensing. Oxygen-sensing mechanisms occur in a tissue-specific fashion. For example, the carotid body responds to hypoxia promptly by eliciting a ventilatory response, whereas erythropoietin production in response to hypoxia requires more time, involving new expression of genes. The mechanism has therefore moved from the cells to genes. (+info)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom

"19th Century History". City of Norfolk History. Retrieved 31 January 2012. City of Norfolk. "17th Century History". City of ... "All About Suffolk: History". Suffolk: Community. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012. ( ... Select the map for December 31, 1634 (the earliest date available). "About Us: History". Highland County. Retrieved December 26 ... "City of Portsmouth, Virginia - History". City of Portsmouth. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 31 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_and_counties_in_Virginia

"the Fronde , France [17th century] , Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2021-12-29. Charles de Sainte-Maure, marquis de ... "Princess Henrietta, Madame: A Fairy Tale". Aspects of History. 2021-12-12. Retrieved 2021-12-29. " ... 18th-century French nuns, House of Pardaillan de Gondrin, Affair of the Poisons, Household of Maria Theresa of Spain, French ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Françoise-Athénaïs_de_Rochechouart,_Marquise_de_Montespan

ISBN 978-1-4262-0708-2. Crofton, Ian (3 September 2013). "The 17th Century". History Without the Boring Bits. Quercus. ISBN 978 ... 17th-century Ottoman sultans, Assassinated people from the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman sultans born to Greek mothers, People with ... History's 9 Most Insane Rulers (2020) ch 4. Media related to Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire at Wikimedia Commons (CS1 maint: url ... His death was the second regicide in the history of the Ottoman Empire. In addition to his eight Haseki Sultans (the first and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_of_the_Ottoman_Empire

McAlister, Lynn (2015). "Later 17th Century". Macalister History Timeline. Retrieved 27 August 2020. v t e (Articles with short ... "Scottish Battles List by Region, Scotland - UK History". 2009. Retrieved 6 July 2009. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rhunahaorine_Moss

History of Africa Podcast. 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2022-03-26. "Kumasi, Ghana (17th Century- ) •". 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2022-03- ... 18th-century rulers in Africa, History of Ghana, Deaths by firearm in Ghana, Year of birth unknown, 1660s births). ... McCaskie, T. C. (2007). "Denkyira in the Making of Asante c. 1660-1720". The Journal of African History. 48 (1): 1-25. doi: ... ISBN 978-1-329-84963-1. Al, Fashion Et (2012-10-31). "Ghana Rising: Ghana: Our Stories /Our History: The Golden Stool of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osei_Kofi_Tutu_I

Folio from the Davis Album". 17th Century Mughals & Marathas. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. History of India : in ... 17th-century Iranian politicians, 16th-century Iranian politicians, Grand viziers of the Mughal Empire, Subahdars of Lahore). ... History of Asaf Khan (CS1 errors: generic name, CS1 errors: missing periodical, Articles with short description, Short ... 2011). The History of India (1st ed.). Chicago: Britannica Educational Pub. p. 179. ISBN 9781615302017. Hansen, Waldemar (1972 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu'l-Hasan_Asaf_Khan

early-mid 17th century. O'Hart, John. Irish Pedigrees. Dublin: James Duffy and Co. 5th edition, 1892. Secondary sources Begley ... 142-9 Cronnelly, Richard F., Irish Family History, Part II: A History of the Clan Eoghan, or Eoghanachts. Dublin: Goodwin, Son ... Ó Cléirigh in the early-mid 17th century, where his own father is given as Amlaíb (mac Cathail). The most commonly accepted ... appearing in the 12th century Caithréim Chellacháin Chaisil, and in records compiled in the 14th-16th centuries as being the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donnubán_mac_Cathail

Another 17th Century Piper". lbps.net. Colls, Robert (2019). Northumbria: History and Identity 547-2000. Phillimore & Co Ltd. ... Indeed, some late 17th-century paintings, such as a tavern scene by Egbert van Heemskerck, probably from south-eastern England ... While the instrument had been widespread in the 18th century, by the late 19th century it was no longer played. There was an ... were copied in the 19th century by John Stokoe from the mid-18th century John Smith MS, from Northumberland, dated 1753. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_pipes

"17th Century Speaker's downfall". BBC News. 2009-05-19. Retrieved 2014-05-29. Hochman, Stanley. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of ... The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 198-200. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2. Jeaffreson, John Cordy (1867). A Book ... 7 September - English pirate Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable raids in history with the capture of the Grand ... Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 287. ISBN 0-304-35730-8. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1695_in_England

early-mid 17th century. Ó Corráin, Donnchadh, "Caithréim Chellacháin Chaisil: History or Propaganda?", in Ériu 25 (1974): 1-69 ... Cronnelly, Richard F., Irish Family History, Part II: A History of the Clan Eoghan, or Eoghanachts. Dublin: Goodwin, Son, and ... and in fact one Uainide mac Cathail appears as a mid-10th-century king of Uí Chairpre in the 12th-century propaganda tract ... Use dmy dates from April 2022, 11th-century Irish monarchs, Irish people of Norse descent, O'Donovan family, People whose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathal_mac_Donnubáin

17th Century Mughals & Marathas. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Sarkar, Jadunath (1984). A History of Jaipur. ... Nath, Renuka (1990). Notable Mughal and Hindu women in the 16th and 17th centuries A.D. Inter-India Publications. p. 113. ISBN ... Sarker (2007, p. 187) Magill, Frank N. (2013). The 17th and 18th Centuries: Dictionary of World Biography. Routledge. p. 69. ... Mahajan, V.D. (1978). History of Medieval India. S. Chand. Sarkar, Jadunath (1984). A History of Jaipur. Orient Longman, New ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dara_Shikoh

Throughout history they have allowed for discussion on a widespread and influential level. "British Pamphlets, 17th Century." ... During the 16th century and continuing for a short while in the early 17th century in England there was rise in the use of ... 17th Century. The Newberry. Web. 14 March 2015. http://www.newberry.org/british-pamphlets-17th-century Archived 2017-10-02 at ... They contained much of the propaganda of the 17th century in the midst of the religious and political turmoil. They were also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamphlet_wars

Harris, Ann Sutherland (2005). "The Dutch Republic". 17th-century Art & Architecture. Laurence King Publishing. ISBN 978- ... Broude, Norma; Garrard, Mary D. (1997). "Feminist Art History and the Academy: Where are we Now?". In Helly, Dorothy O.; Hedges ... Kahr, Madlyn Millner (1978). "Judith Leyster: The Rejected Offer". Dutch painting in the seventeenth century. Harper & Row. pp ... Franits, Wayne E. (2004). "Haarlem". Dutch Seventeenth-Century Genre Painting: Its Stylistic and Thematic Evolution. Yale ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Proposition_(Leyster)

Town of 17th century). 1981: Semblanzas, Testimonios y Apólogos (Portraits, Testimonials and Fables). Poems 1948: Candil, ... Since then he was Head of the Colonial History and the Republican History Departments of the same institute. He was a Lecturer ... History of Paraguaná and Punto Fijo). 1978: Historia del Guárico (History of Guárico). 1978: El Mocho Hernández. Papeles de su ... 20th-century Venezuelan historians, Venezuelan male poets, Writers from Caracas, 1908 births, 1995 deaths, 20th-century ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Antonio_de_Armas_Chitty

British History Online. 16 March 1695. Retrieved 26 September 2021. "17th Century Speaker's downfall". BBC News. BBC. 19 May ... 17th-century Welsh judges, 1630s births, 1717 deaths, Year of birth uncertain, Place of death unknown, Members of the Privy ... 17th-century English judges, Members of the Parliament of England for Bere Alston, English MPs 1661-1679, English MPs 1679, ... British History Online. 12 March 1695. Retrieved 26 September 2021. "House of Commons Journal Volume 11: 16 March 1695". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Trevor_(speaker)

Based on its history, it may be the oldest known surviving remains of a dodo brought to Europe in the 17th century. It is 13 mm ... When 17th-century paintings of white dodos were discovered by 19th-century naturalists, it was assumed they depicted these ... of dodos taken to Europe in the 17th century are a dried head and foot in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, a ... Bones of at least two dodos were found in caves at Baie du Cap that sheltered fugitive slaves and convicts in the 17th century ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo

E. N. Williams, "'Our Merchants Are Princes': The English Middle Classes in the Eighteenth Century " History Today (Aug 1962) ... 17th-century English merchants). ... "The Poisoning of William Cotesworth, 1725." History Today (Nov ... "A bold adventurer: the business fortunes of William Cotesworth, c. 1668-1726." Northern History 17.1 (1981): 117-132. Ellis, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cotesworth_of_Gateshead

17th-century women from Georgia (country), 17th-century people of Safavid Iran, Princesses consort of Guria). ... Histoire moderne [History of Georgia from Antiquity to the 19th century. Part II. Modern History] (in French). S.-Pétersbourg: ... "მარიამ დედოფალი, XVII ს." [Queen Mariam, 17th century]. ქართველი ისტორიული მოღვაწენი (Georgian historical figures) (in Georgian ... 17th-century people from Georgia (country), Eastern Orthodox Christians from Georgia (country), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariam_Dadiani

17th century 441-449....18th century 451-469....19th century 471-479....20th century 500-611......Poetry 521-611.....By period ... 21st century 7520-7550.......Provincial, local, foreign 7581-7599........Faroese literature 7581-7592.......Literary history ... Individual authors 1600-1709..........16th century 1710-1935..........17th century 1947-2147..........18th century 2149-2551 ... 17th/18th century 201-217.....19th century 221-228.....20th century 241-286......Special regions, states, etc 241-255.....North ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Classification:Class_P_--_Language_and_Literature

Nair, P. Thankappan (1986). Calcutta in the 17th century. Kolkata: Firma KLM. pp. 54-58. "Kolkata (Calcutta): History". ... "Kolkata - History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 1 November 2019. "History of Kolkata - Origin of Kolkata, History & ... "History of Kolkata - Origin of Kolkata, History & Origin of Calcutta West Bengal". www.bharatonline.com. Retrieved 1 November ... Ain-i- Akbari, the rent-roll of Akbar, the sixteenth-century Mughal emperor, and Manasa-mangal, the work of a Bengali poet, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymology_of_Kolkata

Victoria County History. Edmond, Mary (1987). "Bury St Edmunds; A 17th century art centre". The Volume of the Walpole Society. ... who became one of the most powerful politicians of the late 17th and early 18th century. Wallingford Bury Yarmouth Worcester ... in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1558-1603. Boydell & Brewer. Newman, P. R. (1998). Atlas of the English ... Hedges, J.K. (1881). The history of Wallingford, in the county of Berkshire. Wiliam Clowes. (Articles with short description, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Blagge

Japanese samurai helmet or kabuto; 15th or 16th century. 16th century Ottoman Zischagge. French morion helmet, 17th century. " ... 4.180.3". Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley) - via Perseus Project. Flynt, Sean A. "The Burgonet". myArmoury.com. "75 ... 17th century Safavid helmet (Safavid army). See also headgear listing within Components of medieval armour. Combat helmet "Hdt ... German great helm of the 12th or 13th century. Italian bascinet from about 1400. English sallet of the 15th century. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_combat_helmets

About 1,000 enslaved people were brought to New France in the 17th and 18th centuries. By the time of the British conquest of ... "Black History Canada - Black Contributions". Blackhistorycanada.ca. Retrieved 26 July 2010. "Black History Canada - Noteworthy ... Robart-Johnson, Sharon (16 January 2011). "Mathieu Da Costa (17th Century?)". Retrieved 9 May 2020. Walker, James (2 February ... 314-315 Morton, Desmond A Military History of Canada, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1999 p. 136. "History of Black Canadians ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Canadians

By the late 17th century)....a number of local squires were added to the governing bodies, even appointed as mayors... See The ... "The Origins of the English Gentry , Reviews in History". www.history.ac.uk. "Cambridge University Press 0521021006 - The ... The Great Depression of British Agriculture at the end of the 19th century, together with the introduction in the 20th century ... particularly on family history, than the 19th and 20th century editions.[citation needed] The popularity of Burke's Landed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landed_gentry

"Swords History - 17th Century AD". www.knightsedge.com. Retrieved 16 November 2012. "History of Indian swords". www. ... Created in Medieval India, the pata's use in warfare appears to be mostly restricted to the 17th and 18th century when the ... Recent discovery of Hero stone inscription has pushed back the antiquity of patta sword to 12th century. The pata is most ... Indian gauntlet-sword 'pata' - looking at history, form and martial art. YouTube. Archived from the original on 13 December ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pata_(sword)

Miłobędzki, Adam (1980). Polish Architecture of 17th Century. Vol. 1. Polish Scientific Publishers PWN. pp. 495, 499. OCLC ... Magocsi, Paul Robert (2010). History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples. University of Toronto Press. p. 357. Kohlrausch, ... "The 19th Century Medical Clinic of Collegium of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. An Outline of Conservation Problems in ... Stanley-Little, Cerita (2009). The Great Lablache: Nineteenth Century Operatic Superstar His Life and His Times. Xlibris. p. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Polish_architects

"Cossack Navy 16th - 17th Centuries". geocities. Archived from the original on 20 October 2009. Andrew Gregorovich, The Cossack ... Handbook of History of Ukraine (Definitions of Hetman in the Handbook of the History of Ukraine)] (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Vol. 1 ... During the course of the 16th, 17th and well into the 18th century, the Zaporozhian Cossacks were a strong political and ... However, Ukrainian Cossacks possessed the best infantry during the middle 17th century.[citation needed] Since Poland recruited ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks

Gibson, W.; Lam, K.D. (1989). Women In 17th Century France. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 410. ISBN 978-1-349-20067-2. Retrieved ... Beasley, F.E. (2017). Salons, History, and the Creation of Seventeenth-Century France: Mastering Memory. Women and Gender in ... Burgwinkle, W.; Hammond, N.; Wilson, E. (2011). The Cambridge History of French Literature. Complete Cambridge histories online ... 17th-century French poets, French women poets). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Saumaise_de_Chazan

1: Antiquitity-17th Century. Amsterdam, The Netherlands / Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 294. ISBN ... History and Historiography of Linguistics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the History of the Language ... However, the history of Romance languages, as we know it, makes the first assumption rather problematic. While the Roman Empire ... These units then interacted, merged and split in various ways over the next fifteen centuries, possibly influenced by languages ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_of_Romance_languages

17th and 18th centuries. 19th century. 20th century. *Since 1658 Saint Helena23 ... History[edit]. The United Kingdom first claimed Victoria Land on 9 January 1841 and then claimed Enderby Land in 1930. In 1933 ... The territory's history dates to a claim on Enderby Land made by the United Kingdom in 1841, which was subsequently expanded ... "A Brief History of Mawson". Australian Government - Australian Arctic Division. Archived from the original on 27 July 2008. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory

In the 17th century, it was introduced to Europe and became a popular folk remedy, earning the name king's cure-all. In 1919, ... HistoryEdit. GLA was first isolated from the seed oil of evening primrose. This herbal plant was grown by Native Americans to ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Linolenic_acid

Origins and history[edit]. The name Meanwood goes back to the 12th century, and is of Anglo-Saxon derivation: the Meene wude ... Carr Manor was a 17th-century manor house sometimes known as Carr House. It was greatly extended 1880-81 by architect Edward ... There are a number of 19th-century industrial buildings in Meanwood Valley along the Meanwood Beck, and 19th century terraced ... 20th century council housing mixed with open space forms the opposite side of the valley leading up to Scott Hall. There is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanwood

... or third-hand accounts of Tikal appeared in print starting in the 17th century, continuing through the writings of John Lloyd ... History[edit]. Preclassic[edit]. There are traces of early agriculture at the site dating as far back as 1000 BC, in the Middle ... Means, Philip Ainsworth (1917). History of the Spanish Conquest of Yucatan and of the Itzas . Papers of the Peabody Museum of ... "HISTORY. Retrieved 10 September 2019.. *^ "Hidden Ancient Mayan 'Megalopolis' With 60,000 Structures Discovered in Guatemala ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikal

During the 17th and 18th centuries, Isfahan province enjoyed high standards of prosperity as it became the capital of Safavid ... Muliani, S. (2001) The Georgians' position in the Iranian history and civilization (Jaygah-e Gorjiha dar Tarikh va Farhang va ... History and cultureEdit. Historians have recorded Espahan, Sepahan or Isfahan initially as a defense and military base. The ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isfahan_Province

... is also the location of Pentillie, a 17th-century castle and estate which has been the seat of the Coryton family ... both in a style characteristic of the early 17th century.[3] Notable sites[edit]. ... The older part of the church is the south side which was built in the 14th century whereas the north side is of the late 15th ... The parish name is taken from St Melaine, a 6th-century bishop of Rennes, Brittany. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mellion

17th Street). US 27/US 301/US 441 intersects with SR 200 (becoming the new hidden state road until US 301 reaches US 1/US 23). ... "Thomas Elmer Will, Twentieth Century Pioneer" (PDF). Tequesta. Retrieved 2019-04-23 ... History[edit]. A US 27 shield used in Florida prior to 1993 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_27_in_Florida

Moreover, during the Renaissance (14th to 17th centuries), when Ancient Greek language manuscripts introduced that tongue to ... HistoryEdit. Abbreviated writing, using sigla, arose partly from the limitations of the workable nature of the materials (stone ... Interest in it was rekindled by the Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Becket in the 12th century and later in the 15th century, ... After 15th century alone ꝛ et (being similar to ⁊) and alone with line above ꝛ̄ etiam. After u and a at the end of a word (uꝛ, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation

... History Archived 2014-02-01 at the Wayback Machine *^ Renato Cancian. "Cabanagem (1835-1840): Uma das mais sangrentas ... "Christina Lamb, "A night at the opera - and 14 days on the Amazon to get there", The Sunday Telegraph, London, 17th June 2001" ... Manaus was at the center of the Amazon region's rubber boom during the late 19th century. For a time, it was "one of the ... The history of the European colonization of Manaus began in 1499 with the Spanish arrival at the mouth of the Amazon River. The ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manaus

Osterhammel, Jürgen (2015). The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century. Translated by Patrick ... "Khoekhoe" social organisation was thus profoundly damaged by the colonial expansion and land seizure from the late 17th century ... in the 17th century, the Khoekhoen maintained large herds of Nguni cattle in the Cape region. They mostly gave up nomadic ... Dedering, Tilman (1997). Hate the old and follow the new: Khoekhoe and missionaries in early nineteenth-century Namibia. Vol. 2 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoikhoi

From the mid 16th century with the Peace of Amasya, and decisively from the first half of the 17th century with the Treaty of ... The Armenians, an Indo-European people, first appear in history shortly after the end of the 7th century BCE[, d]riving some of ... a b Richard G. Hovannisian, The Armenian people from ancient to modern times: the fifteenth century to the twentieth century, ... Some of the information about the history of the Armenians comes from the multi-volume History of the Armenian People, Yerevan ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians

1 History *1.1 16th century *1.1.1 Construction. *1.2 17th-19th centuries ... 17th-19th centuries[edit]. Diagram of the castle and gun battery, depicted in 1901. Key: A - 16th-century castle and adjacent ... an 18th-century design based on a simpler 16th-century original.[55] The gatehouse was altered in 1896, with the addition of ... King, D. J. Cathcart (1991). The Castle in England and Wales: An Interpretative History. London, UK: Routledge Press. ISBN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calshot_Castle

San Carlos de la Barra Castle was built in the 17th century by the Spanish to protect Maracaibo from pirate attacks ... HistoryEdit. Spanish ColonizationEdit. The area that is now Zulia was first seen by Europeans in 1499 during an expedition ... Throughout its geological history, the Andes and Perijá became positive zones; however, an orogenic pulsation in the Upper ... At the beginning of the 19th century, the province of Maracaibo had, besides the capital of its name, the cities of Mérida, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulia

History of Humanity: From the seventh to the sixteenth century (dalam bahasa Inggeris). UNESCO. m/s. 1133. ISBN 9789231028137. ... "Goryeosa (The History of Goryeo)", 1451, Article for July 934, 17th year in the Reign of Taejo ... Seth, Michael J. A Concise History of Korea: From the Neolithic Period Through the Nineteenth Century (dalam bahasa Inggeris). ... Atlas of Korean History (2008). *. Lee Ki-baik (1984). A new history of Korea. Cambridge: Harvard UP. ISBN 9780-6746-1576-2. . ...

https://ms.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Korea

Its main feature is the large 17th-century stone-built country house, Maer Hall, built on a slope above a small lake, or "mere ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maer,_Staffordshire

In the same year BIT was also designated as one of the top 22 universities in the "21st Century Education Promotion" plan ... and 17th in Chinese University Rankings(2014). BIT's Engineering and Technology ranks in the top 5 among Chinese universities. ... History[edit]. .mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box- ... the development and reputation of the Chinese higher education system by founding world-class universities in the 21st century ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Institute_of_Technology

Christianity and law in the 17th century. *History of the Church of England ... British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. British History Online. Retrieved 17 April 2022.. ... 5 at British History Online. *Text of the Act of Uniformity 1662 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United ... with a substantial section of English society excluded from public affairs for a century and a half. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Uniformity_1662

History[edit]. Eldoret and the plateau around it had been occupied by the Sirikwa for several centuries prior to the era of ... This society experienced a cultural peak between the 12th to 15th centuries and persisted as a way of life to the 17th and 18th ... The majority of Afrikaners who settled in Kenya made their home in Uasin Gishu, turning what was for many centuries prime ... centuries. It declined and was superseded in Uasin Gishu by the Uasin Gishu people who gave their name to the plateau. Studies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldoret

Pages in category "20th-century English novelists". The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,352 ... Media in category "20th-century English novelists". This category contains only the following file. ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:20th-century_English_novelists&oldid=1069087558" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_novelists

"Little remains of the 17th century designed landscape and the grounds around the Castle date from the late-18th and early-19th ... HistoryEdit. An excellent example of the original Scottish Baronial architecture, the great seven-storey castle was completed ... The castle contains a collection of Forbes family portraits and furnishings dating to the 17th and 18th centuries. ... 20th centuryEdit. The Forbes family also owned a large granite house at Fintray near Inverurie, Aberdeenshire. This became the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craigievar_Castle

Image 2Saint John indicating Christ to Saint Andrew by Ottavio Vannini, 17th century (from Jesus in Christianity) ... History. Mathematics. Nature. People. Philosophy. Religion. Society. Technology. Random portal. Welcome To The Christianity ... that the earliest representation of the devil might be a mosaic in San Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna from the 6th century, in the ... Image 20The Baptism of Christ, by Piero della Francesca, 15th century (from Trinity) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Christianity

Tamilaham In The 17th Century (1956). பக். 71. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.505892/page/n75/mode/2up?q=. ... A General History of the Pudukkottai State. 1916. பக். 294. https://books.google.ae/books?id=Do1EAQAAMAAJ&q=udaiyar%27s+kallars ... Tamilaham In The 17th Century (1956). 1956. பக். 187. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.505892/page/n189/mode/2up?q ... https://books.google.ae/books?id=Fxqtx8SflEsC&pg=PA57&dq=General+history+of+pudukkottai+state+1916&hl=en&sa=X&ved= ...

https://ta.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/கள்ளர்_

HistoryEdit. The site before the construction of the stairs in a late 17th century engraving by Giovanni Battista Falda ... Mid-18th century writers Joseph de Lalande[3] and Charles de Brosses noted that the steps were already in poor condition.[4] ... The piazza di Spagna in an 18th-century etching by Giovanni Battista Piranesi, seen from south. The street on the left is Via ... On the same right side stands the 15th-century former cardinal Lorenzo Cybo de Mari's palace, now Ferrari di Valbona, a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Steps

... the 70th year of the 17th century, and the 1st year of the 1670s decade. As of the start of 1670, the Gregorian calendar was 10 ... In John Lingard's History of England. *^ Isidore Guët, Origines de la Martinique. Le colonel François de Collart et la ... The terms will not become public until the early 19th century.[6] Louis is represented in the negotiations by Charles' sister, ... Shaftesbury's Darling': British Settlement in the Carolinas at the Close of the Seventeenth Century", by Robert M. Weir, in The ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_1670

Jonathan Williams (1859). The History of Radnorshire. R. Mason. p. 115.. *^ William Stockdale (1833). Stockdale's Peerage of ... Edwin Poole (1886). The Illustrated History and Biography of Brecknockshire from the Earliest Times to the Present Day: ... Containing the General History, Antiquities, Sepulchral Monuments and Inscriptions. Edwin Poole. p. 378.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1837_in_Wales

In Japan, during the Sengoku era from the 15th century to 17th century, the great struggle for feudal supremacy was fought, in ... "Naval History Magazine. 31 (5).. *^ Fredrik C. Jonsson (2011). Maritime sniper manual : precision fire from seaborne platforms ... 21st centuryEdit. Colombo Express, one of the largest container ships in the world, owned and operated by Hapag-Lloyd of ... Agatharchides (1912). Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship

Fanso, Verkijika G (1989). From Prehistoric Times to the Nineteenth Century. Cameroon History for Secondary Schools and ... The Duala then drove them inland, a displacement that likely occurred in the late 17th or early 18th century.[5] ... Introduction to the History of Cameroon in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Palgrave MacMillan.. ... Introduction to the History of Cameroon in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Palgrave MacMillan.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duala_people

... in the 17th century and later. One of the earliest plum pudding recipes is given by Mary Kettilby in her 1714 book A Collection ... a b c d e f g h Broomfield, Andrea (2007) Food and cooking in Victorian England: a history pp.149-150. Greenwood Publishing ... History[edit]. Legends[edit]. There is a popular myth that plum pudding's association with Christmas goes back to a custom in ... "Food History Jottings. Retrieved 21 October 2020.. *^ Lepard, Dan (21 November 2011). "How to perfect your Christmas pudding". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_pudding

A 17th-century Russian Orthodox icon of the Resurrection. The Eastern Orthodox Church understands the death and resurrection of ... Erickson, John H. (1991). The Challenge of Our Past: Studies in Orthodox Canon Law and Church History. Crestwood, NY: St. ... McGuckin, John Anthony (2008). The Orthodox Church: An Introduction to its History, Doctrine, and Spiritual Culture (1. ed.). ... He lived on earth, in time and history, as a man. As a man he also died, and went to the place of the dead, which is Hades. But ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox

The Religionsgeschichtliche Schule ("history of religions school", 19th century) had a profound influence on the study of ... and was first coined in the 17th century by Henry More in a commentary on the seven letters of the Book of Revelation, where ... mid-second century to early third century: high point of the classical Gnostic teachers and their systems, "who claimed that ... Late-first century and early second century: development of Gnostic ideas, contemporaneous with the writing of the New ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism

Receive email alerts on new books, offers and news in 17th Century titles in Cambridge Texts in the History of Political ... 17th Century titles in Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought series. .addthis_counter.addthis_bubble_style { ... 17th Century titles in Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought series ...

https://www.cambridge.org/mn/academic/collections/17th-century-titles-cambridge-texts-history-political-thought-series

and check the file name for the year ...

http://kipar.org/archive/costume-focus/1655-1669_costume-focus-women-aprons.html

17th-20th centuries. Books on German Colonial History. Brandenburg, German Colonial Empire ... Previous: Bibliography of French Colonial History: 16th-18th centuries. Next: Bibliography of Russian Colonial History: 17th- ... Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Bibliography of Dutch Colonial History 17th-18th century. * Arguin: A Portuguese Fortress in Mauritania ... Bibliography of German Colonial History: 17th-20th centuries. in German Bibliographies, German Colonialism 2,109 Views ...

https://www.colonialvoyage.com/bibliography-german-colonial-history-17th-20th-centuries/

Natural history. White stonecrop, a plant commonly found in southern England, grows on the abbeys stonework. It once had ... The most famous document in Scottish history was a letter to Pope John XXII sent by 39 Scottish nobles, barons and freemen in ...

https://www.historicenvironment.scot/archives-and-research/archives-and-collections/properties-in-care-collections/object/charles-ii-turner-1663-17th-century-arbroath-abbey-1262

Black Flags, Blue Waters: The Epic History of Americas Most Notorious Pirates (Paperback) ... Browse Books: History / Modern / 17th Century. Born to Be Hanged: The Epic Story of the Gentlemen Pirates Who Raided the South ...

https://www.roomofonesown.com/browse/book/HIS037040

The Resource Congregationalism -- History -- 17th century Label Congregationalism -- History -- 17th century. Focus * ... Congregationalism -- History -- 17th century Resource Information The concept Congregationalism -- History -- 17th century ... Data Citation of the Concept Congregationalism -- History -- 17th century. Copy and paste the following RDF/HTML data fragment ... History -- 17th century,/a,,/span, - ,span property=potentialAction typeOf=OrganizeAction,,span property=agent typeof= ...

https://link.upsem.edu/resource/dAbKkJ5hDlo/

Presentation "Climate and environment in Vietnam in the 17th-19th centuries: History, records and approaches". Nguyen Ky Nam ... Presentation "Climate and environment in Vietnam in the 17th-19th centuries: History, records and approaches". ... ussh.vnu.edu.vn/en/news/activities/presentation-climate-and-environment-in-vietnam-in-the-17th-19th-centuries-history-records- ... The study of Assoc.Prof.Dr Hoang Anh Tuan focused on the topic "Records, topics and challenges in environmental history ...

https://ussh.vnu.edu.vn/en/news/activities/presentation-climate-and-environment-in-vietnam-in-the-17th-19th-centuries-history-records-and-approaches-19407.html

19th century) history (20th century) history of religions India International Relations Iran Islam Japan Judaism Korea ... military history nationalism Ottoman Empire Palestine political history politics social history South Asia Turkey urban history ... By Emma Wilson-Shaw,October 9, 2013,History,0 comments. e-books The rise of fiscal states: a global history, 1500-1914 / edited ... Africa ancient history archaeology biography Buddhism Byzantine Empire China Christianity church history Congresses cultural ...

https://blogs.soas.ac.uk/librariannews/tag/history-17th-century/page/2/

History. Wreck of 17th-century ship that was carrying a future king of England found off U.K. coast. By Sylvia Hui ... "I think this is a time capsule that offers the opportunity to find it out so much about life on a 17th-century ship. The royal ... Claire Jowitt, an expert in maritime history at the University of East Anglia, said the wreck was "one of the important almost ... "If he had died, we would have had a very different British and European history as a result," Jowitt said. ...

https://www.pilotonline.com/history/vp-nw-17th-century-warship-uk-20220610-ozom6jwksfhozgtnyxchponcu4-story.html

17th century. Remove constraint Subject Terms: Art -- Political aspects -- England -- History -- 17th century. ... Art -- Political aspects -- England -- History -- 17th century.[remove]1. *Henrietta Maria, Queen, consort of Charles I, King ... Subject Terms Art -- Political aspects -- England -- History -- ...

https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/?f%5Btopic_ss%5D%5B%5D=Art%20--%20Political%20aspects%20--%20England%20--%20History%20--%2017th%20century.

History[edit]. 17th century[edit]. During the Great Turkish War (1683-99), in October 1689, a small Habsburg force under ... Further information: Demographic history of Kosovo. Around the 17th century, there is evidence of an increasingly visible ... 19th century[edit]. See also: Expulsion of the Albanians 1877-1878. During and after the Serbian-Ottoman War of 1876-78, ... Cohen, Paul A. (2014). History and Popular Memory: The Power of Story in Moments of Crisis. Columbia University Press. pp. 8-9 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Kosovo

Posts about 17th century history written by Barb Drummond ... Filed under 17th century history … THE MIDAS OF MANUMISSION: ...

https://texthistory.wordpress.com/category/17th-century-history/

17th Century-European settlers bring smallpox to North America.. *18th Century-Explorers from Great Britain bring smallpox to ... Highlights from History:. *6th Century-Increased trade with China and Korea brings smallpox to Japan. ... 11th Century-Crusades further spread smallpox in Europe.. *15th Century-Portugal occupies part of western Africa, bringing ... Early written descriptions also appeared in India in the 7th century and in Asia Minor in the 10th century. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/history/history.html

History of Roman Catholicism: At least in an inchoate form, all the elements of catholicity-doctrine, authority, universality- ... Other articles where history of Roman Catholicism is discussed: Roman Catholicism: ... 17th and 18th centuries. *Baltimore*. In Baltimore: The contemporary city. …1789 Baltimore became the first Roman Catholic ... 16th century. *. In Church of England: History and organization. The break with the Roman papacy and the establishment of an ...

https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Roman-Catholicism

In what way were the 16th and 17th centuries Sevilles golden years? Why was it a magnate for the rich and poor? What role did ... As a text, Guzmán de Alfarache is fundamental not only in the history of the picaresque novel but of the novel in general. It ... 16th and 17th Centuries.. The 16th century and some of the 17th were Sevilles golden years, much as they were Spains. But if ... In the 17th century, monasteries and convents doubled in number, and the cult of the Virgin Mary increased as debates about her ...

https://www.spainthenandnow.com/spanish-history/seville-16th-and-17th-centuries

Picnic at the 17th century Villa Pamphili and play soccer on its vast public green. ... Soak up some history, culture and sights on a day trip to Florence, home to many masterpieces of Renaissance art and ... With a history spanning 3,000 years, Rome is one of the most culturally rich cities in the world. ... Nowhere else can students walk among thousands of years of art, history, and exciting layers of contemporary Italian culture, ...

https://www.ciee.org/go-abroad/high-school-study-abroad/summer/italy/rome/italian-language-culture

With the beginning of the 17th century, there was widespread resistance to the rigid Spanish fashion. France gained dominance ... 16th century costume and fashion history. European renaissance.. 17th century. Costume and Fashion History. Epoch of the ... Transport wagons, coaches and carriages in 16th and 17th century.. Ninon de Lenclos. The Celebrated Beauty of the 17th Century. ... 17th century. Costume and Fashion History. Epoch of the Baroque.. Chronology.. *Union of Scotland and England through James VI ...

https://world4.eu/17th-century/

Transylvania (Romania) -- History -- 17th century (subtopics). *Transylvania (Romania) -- History -- 17th century -- Early ... Transylvania (Romania) -- History -- Early works to 1800 (1 title, plus subtopics). *Transylvania (Romania) -- History -- ... Transylvania (Romania) -- History -- Sources (2 titles, plus subtopics). *Transylvania (Romania) -- History -- Sources -- Early ...

https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/browse?type=subject&key=Transylvania%20%28Romania%29%20--%20Description%20and%20travel&c=x

MASSIMI, Marina. Conseptual approaches to emotions in the history of brazilian culture (16th and 17th centuries). Temas psicol. ... Palavras-chave : history of psychological ideas; psychology and culture; passions. · resumo em Português · texto em Português ... conceptual view of the psychological phenomenon of emotions in the Brazilian literature throughout the 16th and 17th centuries ...

http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1413-389X2000000200005&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Cothren, Marilyn Stokstad Michael W. (2010). Art History Portable, Book 4 14th-17th Century Art (4th ed., Portable ed.). Upper ... 408, 409)[permanent dead link]" in The John G. Johnson Collection: A History and Selected Works[permanent dead link], a ... In the twentieth century, the removal of marble slabs covering two areas of the paintings revealed the original appearance of ... The work was dismantled and dispersed in the 18th century, and only eleven of about twenty original panels have been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaccio

World War II is generally considered to be the deadliest war in history. ... 4. Qing Conquests, 17th Century (25 million deaths) Also known as the Qing Conquest of the Ming, the Manchu Conquest of China ... the Qing transition was a period of conflict during the 17th century between the Qing dynasty of northeastern China and the ... What Was the Deadliest War in History?. The Battle of Normandy, World War II. World War II is considered to be the deadliest ...

https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/deadliest-war.html

The world from pre-history 4.3 million Years Ago to this week in the 21st century. ... 16th and 17th Centuries ... subject index 1501 to 1510. 1511 to 1520 ...

http://www.fsmitha.com/t-index.html

The history of biological weapons use: what we know and what we dont. Health Secur. 2015;13:219-55. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ... Biological warfare plan in the 17th century-the siege of Candia, 1648-1669. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21:2148-53. DOIPubMedGoogle ... Carus W. Biological Warfare in the 17th Century. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2016;22(9):1663-1664. doi:10.3201/eid2209.152073 ... Biological Warfare in the 17th Century. Volume 22, Number 9-September 2016 ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/9/15-2073_article

This gorgeous large antique 17th Century Mughal gallery carpet #47597 can be viewed in person at Nazmiyal Collection located in ... The Comprehensive History of a 17th Century Gallery Mughal Indian Carpet #47597. This magnificent kellegi format Mughal carpet ... Antique 17th - 18th Century Mughal Velvet Textile 40596. Size: 6 ft 4 in x 7 ft 10 in (1.93 m x 2.39 m) ... Large Antique 17th Century Mughal Gallery Carpet 47597. Size: 9 ft x 24 ft 8 in (2.74 m x 7.52 m) ...

https://nazmiyalantiquerugs.com/antique-rugs/antique-india-rugs/mughal/large-antique-17th-century-mughal-gallery-carpet-47597/

When Europeans were first exposed to Chinese porcelain in the 14th and 15th centuries, it was seen as wondrous and innovative, ... We could really call these the first "knock-offs" in history. They represent the beginnings of what collectors and scholars ... Teacup from Vung Tau Shipwreck, Late 17th Century / THF188797. Teacup from Vung Tau Shipwreck, Late 17th Century / THF188796. ... During the 17th and 18th centuries, tea from China became an important trade good, especially in England and America. Elegant ...

https://www.thehenryford.org/explore/blog/the-china-trade-in-the-17th-and-18th-centuries/

Seventeenth/Eighteenth Century Colour Palette: Artist Pigments Used by Rococo, Neo-Classical Painters ... HISTORY OF COLOUR PIGMENTS. For details of pigments, dyes and. colours associated with different. eras in the history of art, ... 17th/18th Century Colour Palette. Pigments Used by 17th/18th Century Painters. The Modernist Pigments ... 17th/18th Century Colour Palette. Artist Colours Used by Rococo, Neo-Classical Painters.. ...

http://visual-arts-cork.com/artist-paints/colour-palette-eighteenth-century.htm

... photographs and oral histories, this free exhibition draws on personal stories and moments of national significance to ask what ... A programme of regional events will also showcase the rich history of Chinese British communities across the UK.. Chinese and ... photographs and oral histories, this free exhibition draws on personal stories and moments of national significance to ask what ...

https://www.finebooksmagazine.com/news/17th-century-map-celebrates-chinese-and-british-exhibit

The painting depicts Spanish writer Don Diego Ortiz de Zúñiga, who wrote a history of Seville. "Dressed in black with the ... "Lost" 17th-Century Portrait by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo Found in a Welsh Castle. The portrait, which depicts a Spanish writer ... Baron Penrhyn collected the Murillo painting in the 19th century. It was considered to be one of two copies. ...

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/bartolome-esteban-murillos-17th-century-portrait-was-considered-lost-then-it-was-found-welsh-castle-180967290/

It is their Royal History too and they have impeccable record of keeping things au natural or as original. Of course they do ...

https://www.sikhphilosophy.net/threads/17th-century-guru-granth-sahib.38071/

16th and 17th Centuries. (spainthenandnow.com)
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch traders competed to secure Chinese porcelains for the European markets. (thehenryford.org)
The Nanak-panthis of the 16th and 17th centuries were a sect much as the Kabir-panthis and the Dadu-panthis are sects - a sect with certain wide opinions differing from ordinary Hindu orthodoxy and dis-tinguished from other sects more by the character of its Gurus and the organisation of their adherents than by any remarkable differences of doctrine. (sikhiwiki.org)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Medical conditions in Goa of 16th and 17th centuries: a study of foreign travelogues. (who.int)
We learned about the extensive materials that are held within the History of Medicine Division collections from the 16th and 17th centuries. (medlineplus.gov)

century, the 19th century. (colonialvoyage.com)
Pigments used by Romantics, Impressionist painters and other 19th century artists. (visual-arts-cork.com)
Dated 19th Century. (swarovskioptik.com)
Its archaeological history parallels this, the city having been plundered in the 17th century, first excavated in the 19th, and the subject of numerous excavations in the 20th. (ajaonline.org)
But there are very few records of his life, and compared to Dutch "Golden Age" artists such as Rembrandt his work languished in obscurity, until a reappraisal in the 19th century. (rawstory.com)
In the18th and 19th century, due to restricting foreign trade policy of Trinh, Nguyen dynasty, it was difficult for pottery products in Vietnam to be exported to foreign countries, and some famous pottery making villages like Bat Trang, or Chu Dau ( Hai Duong province) went through a hard time. (vietnamonline.com)
Since the 17th century, the great house has gone through several architectural incarnations: it was renovated in Elizabethan style, converted to a classical Georgian home, and then underwent an extensive expansion in the 19th century under the direction of Charles Barry, a Renaissance revival architect who added the soaring tower and bath stone exteriors that grace the castle today. (joemiller.us)
Many of the elements you'll admire today, date to the 19th century when local Qajari architects and artisans were looking to integrate traditional Persian style with elements of Western and Russian origin. (iranparadise.com)
We'll also see Arg-e Alishah, an imposing but unfinished 14th-century monument that later served as a military fortress during the Russo-Persian Wars of the 19th century. (iranparadise.com)
Although diet and nutrition continued to be judged important for health, dietetics did not progress much till the 19th century with the advances in chemistry. (who.int)
Hartman also showed us a few 17th-, 18th-, and 19th-century books, including William Harvey's famous 1628 treatise on human circulation, On the Motion of the Heart and Blood , Edward Jenner's The Cow Pox (1798), Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species (1859), and, from the same year, a remarkable first edition of Florence Nightingale's Notes on Nursing . (medscape.com)

In the 20th century various forms of Protestant Christianity took hold, especially Evangelical and Pentecostal. (britannica.com)
Prussian Blue endured into the 20th century before being replaced by Pthalo Blue. (visual-arts-cork.com)
Postmodernism refers to mid to late 20th century. (sawaal.com)
During the 20th century however, there was a decline in the use of these texts in public schools in America due to pluralism and the philosophy of moral relativism. (fountainmagazine.com)
The sprawling British estate is where Downton Abbey is shot, the wildly popular PBS series that depicts daily life in a British mansion during the early 20th century. (joemiller.us)

Broadly speaking, early 18th-century oil painters - painting in the late Baroque , Rococo , or Neoclassical art styles - were still using the basic colour palette of the Renaissance era. (visual-arts-cork.com)
Museum officials searched constantly for their purloined works - 17th and 18th century oil paintings by Dutch masters and 70 pieces of silverware - for years before finally spotting a picture of one of the paintings on a Ukrainian website in 2014. (thehistoryblog.com)

Written in Dutch, the book now lives at Bibliothèque Méjanes in Aix-en-Provence, France. (thenextweb.com)
Picking up on ideas advanced by the art historian Philip Steadman and the famed painter David Hockney, Tim believes that the 17th-century Dutch artist used optical devices to help him capture the wondrous detail in his paintings. (fwweekly.com)

17th Century-European settlers bring smallpox to North America. (cdc.gov)
It's also important to remember that the English colonizers of North America of the 16th century, 17th century and later transported this hetero supremacist ideology-cultural mores, legal principals, religious values-with them. (laprogressive.com)

In fact, this interest was the motivation behind the European arrival in the Americas, as Europeans sought a shorter route to reach China and India in the 15th and 16th centuries. (thehenryford.org)
During the 15th and 16th centuries, quarantine and sanitary cordons were imposed. (cdc.gov)

When Europeans were first exposed to Chinese porcelain in the 14th and 15th centuries, it was seen as wondrous and innovative. (thehenryford.org)
The most efficient system of prevention and control was established in north-central Italy by the cities of Venice, Genoa, Florence, and Milan during the 14th and 15th centuries. (cdc.gov)

This magnificent kellegi format Mughal carpet belongs to a small, selective group of early 17th Lahore carpets strongly influenced by 16th century medallion carpets from S.W. Persia , our Indian carpet shares a red field with arabesques and palmettes with a similarly large piece in the Gulbenkian Collection, Lisbon (8.4 x 23.2). (nazmiyalantiquerugs.com)

In addition, like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and other great Renaissance draughtsmen, 18th century Rococo artists used natural chalks made from mineral pigments, for drawing, as exemplified in works by Jean-Antoine Watteau. (visual-arts-cork.com)

In looking at the available evidence, I found the settlers, like Englishmen throughout the empire in the 17th century and immigrants to most places, eager to transplant the familiar,' Gragg says. (mst.edu)
Oxford University Press was primarily interested in this project because they wanted to illustrate that the settlers on Barbados, the most valuable English colony in the 17th century, did not create a 'social disaster,'' Gragg says. (mst.edu)
This web site is dedicated to all people interested in the history and the living conditions of the ethnic German settlers in Central Poland. (cyndislist.com)

Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more. (britannica.com)
Korean envoys to China in the 16th century brought back with them a world atlas and scientific instruments made by the priests, as well as literature on science and Christianity. (britannica.com)
Koestler is right when he states, 'Few episodes in history have given rise to a literature as voluminous as the trial of Galileo. (creation.com)
This Teacher's Guide discusses the development of the environmental humanities field and explains how environmental studies intersects with history, literature, art, and civics. (neh.gov)
This Teacher's Guide offers a collection of lessons and resources for K-12 social studies, literature, and arts classrooms that center around the experiences, achievements, and perspectives of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders across U.S. history. (neh.gov)

As far as I'm concerned, Shogun sets the gold standard for the three goals listed above-prior to reading it I'd known nothing at all about medieval Japan, with its samurai history and Bushido culture, but by the time I finished the book I felt like I'd been transported to the far side of the world, and back to the early 17th century. (scalzi.com)
We invite applications for a three-month remote fellowship to assist with research and writing about the medieval and early modern history and heritage of the regions of modern Ukraine for the Mapping Eastern Europe website ( https://mappingeasterneurope.princeton.edu ). (bsana.net)
In the 14th century a small tablecloth, known as a "naperon" in medieval French, was used to place over the larger tablecloth to protect it from spills. (alsco.com)

Britannica Presents Earth's To-Do List for the 21st Century. (britannica.com)
A three-credit introduction to some contemporary topics in philosophy related to life in the 21st Century. (lawrence.edu)
pushed aside by bolder, more industrial lighting options, the architect-urologists at Olde Good Things have gone out of their way to hunt down, salvage, and reuse vintage and antique chandeliers in 21st-century homes. (ogtstore.com)

The Galileo affair: history or heroic hagiography? (creation.com)
The 17th century controversy between Galileo and the Vatican is examined. (creation.com)
The process against Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) in the 17th century is frequently used as an argument against creationist scientists and theologians, who make their belief in the trustworthiness of the Bible the starting point of their scientific research. (creation.com)

In the Middle Ages, and even than with medication, "Wherefore one through the 18th century, hospital diet was ought to control all such diseases, so far as based on bread. (who.int)

This event has been immortalised in Serbian history as the Great Migrations of the Serbs , regarded an alleged [ citation needed ] huge exodus of hundreds of thousands of Serbs from Kosovo and Serbia proper. (wikipedia.org)

That includes the Church of England (Barbados had more ministers per capita than any other 17th century English possession other than Pennsylvania and the New England colonies), the British court system, 'a two-house legislature, a colonywide militia, nuclear families, and English fashion, furnishings and, to a limited extent, house design. (mst.edu)
In the Indian history, Madurai was the capita of Pandyas. (sawaal.com)

Stimulated by earlier observations that epidemic diseases were transported by ships, the notion of quarantines began being developed in the early 14th century. (cdc.gov)
During the English occupation of Scotland in the early 14th century supplies were shipped there for the English forces. (stravaiging.com)

Costume and Fashion History. (world4.eu)

The Mongol Conquest and Invasions took place during the entire 13th century leading to the establishment of the Mongol Empire. (worldatlas.com)
The title of "history's most famous traveler" usually goes to Marco Polo, the great Venetian wayfarer who visited China in the 13th century. (history.com)

Receive email alerts on new books, offers and news in 17th Century titles in Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought series. (cambridge.org)
The Bible was used as part of the curriculum throughout 17th and 18th centuries, and was then preceded by texts written by William McGuffey. (fountainmagazine.com)

Comprising handwritten letters, photographs and oral histories, this free exhibition draws on personal stories and moments of national significance to ask what it means to be Chinese and British. (finebooksmagazine.com)
Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum has brought together 28 of Vermeer's luminous masterpieces from around the world, in the largest-ever exhibition of the 17th century artist's works. (rawstory.com)
For the curators, who say it is a "once in history" exhibition, Vermeer's appeal is also about his creation of quiet worlds so realistic that the viewer feels they could lose themself inside. (rawstory.com)

This paper examines attitudes towards Saint Volodymyr in Ukraine from the mid-seventeenth century to the early eighteenth, showing how current ideologies, local power structures, and changing audiences could influence the reception as well as the evolution of his image. (wisc.edu)
Her research focuses on the intersection of preaching and visual arts in seventeenth-century Ukraine, and she has published various articles on the religious culture of early modern Ukraine. (wisc.edu)
The history of Kharkov city lies in the middle of the 17th century, when Cossacks established themselves in Slobozhanschyna and since then it has been one of the biggest commercial and cultural centers in Ukraine, with a population of 1.7 million inhabitants. (mapmonde.org)

Interconnected stories of events that occurred, locations and buildings where they happened, cultural elements that developed, and artifacts that remain, speak to this question, providing evidence and glimpses of federal staff in Cincinnati investigating occupational health concerns, a vital part of the history of NIOSH today. (cdc.gov)

A mushroom picker had the shock of his life when he fell off his bike and found himself lying next to a haul of coins dating back to the 17th century. (thefirstnews.com)
PMC includes a growing collection of backfiles reaching back over two centuries. (nih.gov)
Its History Can Be Definitely Traced Back To 17th Century France Today, It Is Housed At The Smithsonian Museum In Washington, D. (wallarticles.com)
This is where the first recorded uses of these innovative light fixtures developed back in the fourteenth century. (ogtstore.com)
The history of educational psychology dates back a thousand years ago when educational philosophers began to criticize the method of teaching among others. (differencebetween.net)
2.Educational psychology dates back a thousand years ago while school psychology emerged during the17th and 21st centuries. (differencebetween.net)
The Aponte family records date back to the 17th century and testify to its long and unbroken activity in an area with ancient seafaring traditions - the Sorrento Peninsula. (msccruises.com)
SUMMARY The history of dietetics can be traced as far back as the writings of Homer, Plato and Hippocrates in ancient Greece. (who.int)

The 17th century saw three further landmarks in the development of modern-day Switzerland. (myswitzerland.com)

The earliest written description of a disease like smallpox appeared in China in the 4th century CE (Common Era). (cdc.gov)
6th Century-Increased trade with China and Korea brings smallpox to Japan. (cdc.gov)
7th Century-Arab expansion spreads smallpox into northern Africa, Spain, and Portugal. (cdc.gov)
11th Century-Crusades further spread smallpox in Europe. (cdc.gov)
15th Century-Portugal occupies part of western Africa, bringing smallpox. (cdc.gov)
18th Century-Explorers from Great Britain bring smallpox to Australia. (cdc.gov)

All of the coins date from the second half of the 17th century during the reign of Jan II Casimir. (thefirstnews.com)

forts of the late eighteenth century: Anomabu, Beyin, Keta. (colonialvoyage.com)
It might even have found its way to the American colonies as a luxury item during the late 17th or early 18th centuries. (thehenryford.org)
Items like this teacup provided a design source for European ceramic makers beginning in the late 17th century. (thehenryford.org)
Rival anatomists Govert Bidloo and Frederick Ruysch, who lived in the Netherlands in the late 17th century, were both innovators in a field that was, at the time, revealing the secrets of the human body as never before. (atlasobscura.com)
He is currently working on two future books, an examination of the Quaker settlement on Barbados in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and a history of Las Vegas. (mst.edu)
The Vieuxpont, Veteriponte or Vipont family held the lands from the 12th century along with the neighbouring lands of Carriden and in the late 12th century William de Vieuxpont granted coal from Kareddin and ten shillings from all the ships and boats loaded and unloaded in his land of Blackenis to Holyrood Abbey. (stravaiging.com)

Eighteenth-Century EuropeIntroduction18th-century art has until recently occupied a curiously neglected position in art history. (oxfordbibliographies.com)

The series aims to create an academic platform for Vietnamese and international lecturers, researchers, postgraduate and undergraduate students to discuss about environmental history, the impact of environment on life and culture, and urban transformations under environmental impact, in the pre-modern period of Vietnam. (edu.vn)
Also known as the Qing Conquest of the Ming, the Manchu Conquest of China or the Ming , the Qing transition was a period of conflict during the 17th century between the Qing dynasty of northeastern China and the Ming dynasty of southern China. (worldatlas.com)
The period in which the three Kingdoms ruled is marked as one of the bloodiest in the history of China. (worldatlas.com)
During the Baroque period of the mid-17th century, colour-makers developed an improvement on Egyptian Blue called Smalt, in which they replaced copper with Cobalt. (visual-arts-cork.com)
Second, I wanted to bring the ninth century time period and the Viking peoples, within whose world the story is set, so vividly to life that readers would feel like they were being swept into that world and were experiencing it. (scalzi.com)
What I was creating felt comparable to the dreadful 1993 Disney-produced film of The Three Musketeers , starring Kiefer Sutherland and Charlie Sheen, whose characters may have been garbed in costumes appropriate to the period, and placed in authentic looking settings, but as soon as they opened their mouths you heard twentieth century surfer dudes, and every shred of the movie's credibility went out the window. (scalzi.com)

Subject Terms: Art -- Political aspects -- England -- History -- 17th century. (yale.edu)
Art -- Political aspects -- England -- History -- 17th century. (yale.edu)
The hanging of gay-queer men in 18th century England was public entertainment. (laprogressive.com)
In 18th century England, there were legal executions by hanging of what we today call gay-queer men, then called "sodomites," among other names. (laprogressive.com)
The hangings of gay/queer men in 18th century England were celebratory public entertainment. (laprogressive.com)
The hanging of gay-queer men in 18th century England was legally-mandated by the state, advocated for by the religious hierarchy, and endorsed by the Christian citizenry. (laprogressive.com)
At the beginning of the 17th century, medical practice in England was divided into three groups: the physicians, the surgeons, and the apothecaries. (medlineplus.gov)

His monograph, "Une mer jalousie: Souverainetés et juridictions des mers dans la Méditerranée du XViie siècle" addresses a fierce 17th-century legal, political and erudite controversy surrounding the status of the Mediterranean Sea and concepts such as sovereignty, empire, jurisdiction, occupation and protection. (princeton.edu)

Moreover, lying besides the Red river, between Thang Long and Pho Hien, two ancient trade centers in the north of Vietnam during 15th-17th century, Bat Trang's ceramics were favorite products not only in domestic market, but also foreign ones thanks to Japan, Chinese and Western trading boats that passed by. (vietnamonline.com)

Senior rare book cataloguer Laura Hartman took the tour group inside the "incunabula room" within the History of Medicine Division. (medscape.com)

In an article that reviews evidence of a plot to use plague to break the siege of Candia during the Venetian-Ottoman War of the 17th century, Dr. Thalassinou and her colleagues ( 1 ) identify an incident previously unknown to historians of biological warfare. (cdc.gov)
Thalassinou E , Tsiamis C , Poulakou-Rebelakou E , Hatzakis A . Biological warfare plan in the 17th century-the siege of Candia, 1648-1669. (cdc.gov)

Claire Jowitt, an expert in maritime history at the University of East Anglia, said the wreck was "one of the important 'almost' moments in English history. (pilotonline.com)
Traditional views of 17th century English planters in Barbados paint them as reckless fortune-seekers who failed to create a viable society in the tropics. (mst.edu)
Some historians have previously argued that settled English communities began showing up in the 18th century, but Gragg found evidence of these settlements a century earlier. (mst.edu)
Includes town history, family history, details of holocaust in Zabludow including an English translation of holocaust related documents. (cyndislist.com)
Written as "a minor chapter in the history of English social life. (oakknoll.com)
Sir Isaac Newton (January 4, 1643 - March 31, 1727) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, and natural philosopher who is generally regarded as one of the greatest scientists and mathematicians in history. (crystalinks.com)

The oldest book in the history of medicine collection-more than 900 years-was handwritten in Arabic in 1094. (medscape.com)

The concept Congregationalism -- History -- 17th century represents the subject, aboutness, idea or notion of resources found in Union Presbyterian Seminary Libraries . (upsem.edu)

Red stamps and gold stars: fieldwork dilemmas in upland socialist Asia / edited by Sarah Turner Early modern things: objects and their histories, 1500-1800 / edited by Paula Findlen. (soas.ac.uk)
The era of modern art traditionally begins with Impressionism, but here we use the term more widely to describe the basic colour palette which developed as a result of advances in fine art colour-pigment technology from the 18th-century onwards. (visual-arts-cork.com)
Primary sources can be the cornerstone of lessons or activities involving any aspect of history, ancient or modern. (neh.gov)
The apron 's history spans across centuries to its modern usage in the home and various industries today. (alsco.com)

There were no children's books before the 17th century, if one considers only those "produced to give children spontaneous pleasure" and not those written to teach or make them good. (oakknoll.com)
Incorporating the work of several 15th- and 16th-century thinkers, the books look at important ethical topics such as the desire for knowledge, the effects of prejudice, and the responsibility that comes with power. (medlineplus.gov)

The coins date from between 1657 and 1667, pointing to their minting shortly after the Deluge, a series of wars with Sweden throughout the 17th century which wreaked havoc and destruction throughout the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. (thefirstnews.com)
In the middle of the village a field road leads up to the hall, a building of early 17th-century date, its mullioned windows being blocked or replaced by larger classical windows at the end of the 17th century. (british-history.ac.uk)

The Edwin Smith papyrus (an ancient Egyptian treatise on trauma surgery from the 17th century BCE) contained references to the management of long-bone fractures with splints and bandages. (medscape.com)

Detailed research on Arguin castle history. (colonialvoyage.com)
The first seminar gathered nearly 40 lecturers, researchers and students from the VNU Hanoi, the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, the Vietnamese Institute of History, VNU Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi University of Education, etc. (edu.vn)
Research methods for history / edited by Simon Gunn and Lucy Faire. (soas.ac.uk)
Gender and Art in the 17th CenturyIntroductionGender and Art in the 17th Century is a large and growing theme in art historical research, as aspects o. (oxfordbibliographies.com)
The collections in this Guide are to assist in identifying useful medical history collections for researchers and scholars interested in African Americans in Medicine and Biomedical Research. (nih.gov)
Gragg's other areas of research include Colonial America, Revolutionary America and the history of the American family. (mst.edu)

Never in history have 28 paintings by Vermeer been gathered," Rijksmuseum General Director Taco Dibbits told AFP at a preview. (rawstory.com)

Based in Amsterdam, he led the city's surgical guild, and became "the most active municipal anatomist in Amsterdam's history," historian Julie Hansen writes , as he performed 31 public dissections over his career. (atlasobscura.com)

The art form originated in the 17th century simply as a practical means for Japanese fishermen to record a notable catch. (preservecompany.com)

I think this is a time capsule that offers the opportunity to find it out so much about life on a 17th-century ship. (pilotonline.com)
To pretend you are living in a historical vacuum and history does not impact your life today is stupid and dangerous nonsense. (laprogressive.com)

It is suggested that just beneath the surface of contemporary U.S. society, hetero supremacist ideology, with its global history of brutal intellectual and physical genocide against gay-queer men, genocide as defined by the United Nations, is alive and well. (laprogressive.com)

It was completed in 1465, but the skilled artisans spent another quarter-century painstakingly covering the entire mosque with intricately-painted, brilliantly blue tiles and calligraphy. (iranparadise.com)
The book contains 250 illustrations printed from woodcuts, painstakingly engraved by 16th-century artisans. (medscape.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms6

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes25

Disciplines and Occupations22

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena29

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Humanities38

Information Science14

Named Groups2

Health Care42

Geographicals31

Prisoners of the proximate: loosening the constraints on epidemiology in an age of change. (1/451)

Reconstruction of a historical genealogy by means of STR analysis and Y-haplotyping of ancient DNA. (2/451)

A bit of history. (3/451)

The original presentation of Boyle's law. (4/451)

Alexander Pope (1688-1744): his spinal deformity and his doctors. (5/451)

From Shakespeare to Defoe: malaria in England in the Little Ice Age. (6/451)

Historical and cultural roots of drinking problems among American Indians. (7/451)

Historical perspectives of cellular oxygen sensing and responses to hypoxia. (8/451)

History, 19th Century

History, 17th Century

History, 18th Century

History, 20th Century

History, 15th Century

History, 16th Century

History, Medieval

Th2 Cells

Th1 Cells

History, 21st Century

History, Ancient

Th17 Cells

Famous Persons

Medicine in Art

History

History of Medicine

Paintings

Persia

Leper Colonies

Civilization

Nobel Prize

Embryology

Paleopathology

History of Nursing

Medicine in Literature

Manuscripts as Topic

Scurvy

Archaeology

Anthropology

Climate

Burial

Eugenics

Portraits as Topic

Neurology

Books, Illustrated

Anatomy

Plague

Literature, Medieval

Europe

Sculpture

Books

Mummies

United States

Mythology

Greenhouse Effect

Medical History Taking

History, Modern 1601-

Geography

Public Health

Philosophy

Art

Manuscripts, Medical

Magic

Phylogeny

Anthropology, Physical

Politics

Philosophy, Medical

Forecasting

Naval Medicine

Croatia

Medical Illustration

Climate Change

Ecosystem

Textbooks as Topic

Science

Skeleton

Psychoanalysis

Population Dynamics

Engraving and Engravings

Religion and Medicine

Risk Factors

Fur Seals

Materia Medica

Bacteriology

Numismatics

Fossils

Medicine, Traditional

Theology

Biological Evolution

Italy