Histocompatibility antigens class i. Medical search

Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.

Allelic alloantigens often responsible for weak graft rejection in cases when (major) histocompatibility has been established by standard tests. In the mouse they are coded by more than 500 genes at up to 30 minor histocompatibility loci. The most well-known minor histocompatibility antigen in mammals is the H-Y antigen.

Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.

A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.

Removal of an autonomic or sensory ganglion by any means.

The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS, genes which control the structure of the IMMUNE RESPONSE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS, HUMAN; the IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement.

Genetic loci responsible for the encoding of histocompatibility antigens other than those encoded by the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX. The antigens encoded by these genes are often responsible for graft rejection in cases where histocompatibility has been established by standard tests. The location of some of these loci on the X and Y chromosomes explains why grafts from males to females may be rejected while grafts from females to males are accepted. In the mouse roughly 30 minor histocompatibility loci have been recognized, comprising more than 500 genes.

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*35 allele family.

An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. It is the small subunit of the MHC class I molecule. Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Beta 2-microglobulin is present in small amounts in serum, csf, and urine of normal people, and to a much greater degree in the urine and plasma of patients with tubular proteinemia, renal failure, or kidney transplants.

The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.

Identification of the major histocompatibility antigens of transplant DONORS and potential recipients, usually by serological tests. Donor and recipient pairs should be of identical ABO blood group, and in addition should be matched as closely as possible for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in order to minimize the likelihood of allograft rejection. (King, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

A subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains. The inheritance of HLA-DR antigens differs from that of the HLA-DQ ANTIGENS and HLA-DP ANTIGENS.

Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. This group of antigens includes the -DR, -DQ and -DP designations, of which HLA-DR is most studied; some of these glycoproteins are associated with certain diseases, possibly of immune etiology.

A sex-specific cell surface antigen produced by the sex-determining gene of the Y chromosome in mammals. It causes syngeneic grafts from males to females to be rejected and interacts with somatic elements of the embryologic undifferentiated gonad to produce testicular organogenesis.

The degree of antigenic similarity between the tissues of different individuals, which determines the acceptance or rejection of allografts.

Genetic loci in the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex that encode polymorphic products which control the immune response to specific antigens. The genes are found in the HLA-D region in humans and in the I region in mice.

A group of the D-related HLA antigens found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. This is performed by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Some antigens require processing before they can be recognized. Antigen processing consists of ingestion and partial digestion of the antigen by the APC, followed by presentation of fragments on the cell surface. (From Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

Transmembrane proteins that form the beta subunits of the HLA-DQ antigens.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*07 allele family.

A subtype of HLA-DRB beta chains that includes over one hundred allele variants. The HLA-DRB1 subtype is associated with several of the HLA-DR SEROLOGICAL SUBTYPES.

A component of the murine major histocompatibility complex class I family. It contains one Ig-like C1-type domain and functions in processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigens to the immune system.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a single species. When an isoantigen is encountered by species members who lack it, an immune response is induced. Typical isoantigens are the BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

A subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the genetic basis of the immune response (IMMUNITY).

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Antibodies from an individual that react with ISOANTIGENS of another individual of the same species.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.

A general term for the complex phenomena involved in allo- and xenograft rejection by a host and graft vs host reaction. Although the reactions involved in transplantation immunology are primarily thymus-dependent phenomena of cellular immunity, humoral factors also play a part in late rejection.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*02 allele family.

The demonstration of the cytotoxic effect on a target cell of a lymphocyte, a mediator released by a sensitized lymphocyte, an antibody, or complement.

Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.

The grafting of skin in humans or animals from one site to another to replace a lost portion of the body surface skin.

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*40 allele family.

The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.

Serum proteins with an electrophoretic mobility that falls between ALPHA-GLOBULINS and GAMMA-GLOBULINS.

HLA-DR antigen subtypes that have been classified according to their affinity to specific ANTIBODIES. The DNA sequence analyses of HLA-DR ALPHA-CHAINS and HLA-DR BETA-CHAINS has for the most part revealed the specific alleles that are responsible for each serological subtype.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*01 allele family.

The degree of antigenic similarity between tissues of the mother and those of the FETUS. Maternal-fetal histocompatibility can determine the acceptance and health of the fetus.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) antigens encoded by a small cluster of structural genes at the C locus on chromosome 6. They have significantly lower immunogenicity than the HLA-A and -B determinants and are therefore of minor importance in donor/recipient crossmatching. Their primary role is their high-risk association with certain disease manifestations (e.g., spondylarthritis, psoriasis, multiple myeloma).

Immunological rejection of leukemia cells following bone marrow transplantation.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

An immunological attack mounted by a graft against the host because of tissue incompatibility when immunologically competent cells are transplanted to an immunologically incompetent host; the resulting clinical picture is that of GRAFT VS HOST DISEASE.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Measure of histocompatibility at the HL-A locus. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from two individuals are mixed together in tissue culture for several days. Lymphocytes from incompatible individuals will stimulate each other to proliferate significantly (measured by tritiated thymidine uptake) whereas those from compatible individuals will not. In the one-way MLC test, the lymphocytes from one of the individuals are inactivated (usually by treatment with MITOMYCIN or radiation) thereby allowing only the untreated remaining population of cells to proliferate in response to foreign histocompatibility antigens.

The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.

An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.

Transmembrane proteins that form the beta subunits of the HLA-DP antigens.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. CD8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A group of the D-related HLA antigens (human) found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*27 allele family.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)

Stable chromium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element chromium, but differ in atomic weight. Cr-50, 53, and 54 are stable chromium isotopes.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

A narcotic analgesic similar to MEPERIDINE; it exists in four stereoisomers, two of which, the beta (isopromedol) and the gamma (trimeperidine) are active.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

The social institution involving legal and/or religious sanction whereby individuals are joined together.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated alpha and beta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. Unlike immunoglobulins, the alpha-beta T-cell receptors recognize antigens only when presented in association with major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Subunits of the antigenic determinant that are most easily recognized by the immune system and thus most influence the specificity of the induced antibody.

A purinergic P2X neurotransmitter receptor found at high levels in the BRAIN and IMMUNE SYSTEM.

A cultured line of C3H mouse FIBROBLASTS that do not adhere to one another and do not express CADHERINS.

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

An organism whose body contains cell populations of different genotypes as a result of the TRANSPLANTATION of donor cells after sufficient ionizing radiation to destroy the mature recipient's cells which would otherwise reject the donor cells.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Transfer of HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS from BONE MARROW or BLOOD between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

Cell surface molecules on cells of the immune system that specifically bind surface molecules or messenger molecules and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Although these receptors were first identified in the immune system, many have important functions elsewhere.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)

55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

An energy dependent process following the crosslinking of B CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS by multivalent ligands (bivalent anti-antibodies, LECTINS or ANTIGENS), on the B-cell surface. The crosslinked ligand-antigen receptor complexes collect in patches which flow to and aggregate at one pole of the cell to form a large mass - the cap. The caps may then be endocytosed or shed into the environment.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)

Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Hemorrhagic necrosis that was first demonstrated in rabbits with a two-step reaction, an initial local (intradermal) or general (intravenous) injection of a priming endotoxin (ENDOTOXINS) followed by a second intravenous endotoxin injection (provoking agent) 24 h later. The acute inflammation damages the small blood vessels. The following intravascular coagulation leads to capillary and venous THROMBOSIS and NECROSIS. Shwartzman phenomenon can also occur in other species with a single injection of a provoking agent, and during infections or pregnancy. Its susceptibility depends on the status of IMMUNE SYSTEM, coagulation, FIBRINOLYSIS, and blood flow.

Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.

Leukemia induced experimentally in animals by exposure to leukemogenic agents, such as VIRUSES; RADIATION; or by TRANSPLANTATION of leukemic tissues.

A classification of T-lymphocytes, especially into helper/inducer, suppressor/effector, and cytotoxic subsets, based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Unstable isotopes of chromium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cr atoms with atomic weights of 46-49, 51, 55, and 56 are radioactive chromium isotopes.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.

Form of adoptive transfer where cells with antitumor activity are transferred to the tumor-bearing host in order to mediate tumor regression. The lymphoid cells commonly used are lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). This is usually considered a form of passive immunotherapy. (From DeVita, et al., Cancer, 1993, pp.305-7, 314)

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their structure is similar to that of MHC Class I and their function has been postulated as similar also. CD1 antigens are highly specific markers for human LANGERHANS CELLS.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

IMMUNOGLOBULINS on the surface of B-LYMPHOCYTES. Their MESSENGER RNA contains an EXON with a membrane spanning sequence, producing immunoglobulins in the form of type I transmembrane proteins as opposed to secreted immunoglobulins (ANTIBODIES) which do not contain the membrane spanning segment.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by alleles on locus B of the HLA complex. The HLA-G antigens are considered non-classical class I antigens due to their distinct tissue distribution which differs from HLA-A; HLA-B; and HLA-C antigens. Note that several isoforms of HLA-G antigens result from alternative splicing of messenger RNAs produced from the HLA-G*01 allele.

Membrane antigens associated with maturation stages of B-lymphocytes, often expressed in tumors of B-cell origin.

Individuals supplying living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.

The transfer of lymphocytes from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor.

Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.

The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CD28 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD80 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a costimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

An HLA-DR antigen associated with HLA-DRB1 CHAINS that are encoded by DRB1*01 alleles.

A family of MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that require ATP hydrolysis for the transport of substrates across membranes. The protein family derives its name from the ATP-binding domain found on the protein.

Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.

Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumor. It occurs spontaneously or through interaction with viruses, oncogenes, radiation, or drugs/chemicals.

Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*08 allele family.

Deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response. It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs.

High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Any cell, other than a ZYGOTE, that contains elements (such as NUCLEI and CYTOPLASM) from two or more different cells, usually produced by artificial CELL FUSION.

A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.

Donor MHC and adhesion molecules in transplant arteriosclerosis. (1/5440)

Transplant-associated arteriosclerosis remains an obstacle to long-term graft survival. To determine the contribution to transplant arteriosclerosis of MHC and adhesion molecules from cells of the donor vasculature, we allografted carotid artery loops from six mutant mouse strains into immunocompetent CBA/CaJ recipients. The donor mice were deficient in either MHC I molecules or MHC II molecules, both MHC I and MHC II molecules, the adhesion molecule P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, or both P-selectin and ICAM-1. Donor arteries in which ICAM-1, MHC II, or both MHC I and MHC II were absent showed reductions in neointima formation of 52%, 33%, and 38%, respectively, due primarily to a reduction in smooth muscle cell (SMC) accumulation. In P-selectin-deficient donor arteries, neointima formation did not differ from that in controls. In donor arteries lacking both P-selectin and ICAM-1, the size of the neointima was similar to that in those lacking ICAM-1 alone. In contrast, neointima formation increased by 52% in MHC I-deficient donor arteries. The number of CD4-positive T cells increased by 2.8-fold in MHC I-deficient arteries, and that of alpha-actin-positive SMCs by twofold. These observations indicate that ICAM-1 and MHC II molecules expressed in the donor vessel wall may promote transplant-associated arteriosclerosis. MHC I molecules expressed in the donor may have a protective effect. (+info)

A cytomegalovirus glycoprotein re-routes MHC class I complexes to lysosomes for degradation. (2/5440)

Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) early gene expression interferes with the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) pathway of antigen presentation. Here we identify a 48 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by the MCMV early gene m06, which tightly binds to properly folded beta2-microglobulin (beta2m)-associated MHC class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This association is mediated by the lumenal/transmembrane part of the protein. gp48-MHC class I complexes are transported out of the ER, pass the Golgi, but instead of being expressed on the cell surface, they are redirected to the endocytic route and rapidly degraded in a Lamp-1(+) compartment. As a result, m06-expressing cells are impaired in presenting antigenic peptides to CD8(+) T cells. The cytoplasmic tail of gp48 contains two di-leucine motifs. Mutation of the membrane-proximal di-leucine motif of gp48 restored surface expression of MHC class I, while mutation of the distal one had no effect. The results establish a novel viral mechanism for downregulation of MHC class I molecules by directly binding surface-destined MHC complexes and exploiting the cellular di-leucine sorting machinery for lysosomal degradation. (+info)

Reduced phosphorylation of p50 is responsible for diminished NF-kappaB binding to the major histocompatibility complex class I enhancer in adenovirus type 12-transformed cells. (3/5440)

Reduced cell surface levels of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens enable adenovirus type 12 (Ad12)-transformed cells to escape immunosurveillance by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), contributing to their tumorigenic potential. In contrast, nontumorigenic Ad5-transformed cells harbor significant cell surface levels of class I antigens and are susceptible to CTL lysis. Ad12 E1A mediates down-regulation of class I transcription by increasing COUP-TF repressor binding and decreasing NF-kappaB activator binding to the class I enhancer. The mechanism underlying the decreased binding of nuclear NF-kappaB in Ad12-transformed cells was investigated. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis of hybrid NF-kappaB dimers reconstituted from denatured and renatured p50 and p65 subunits from Ad12- and Ad5-transformed cell nuclear extracts demonstrated that p50, and not p65, is responsible for the decreased ability of NF-kappaB to bind to DNA in Ad12-transformed cells. Hypophosphorylation of p50 was found to correlate with restricted binding of NF-kappaB to DNA in Ad12-transformed cells. The importance of phosphorylation of p50 for NF-kappaB binding was further demonstrated by showing that an NF-kappaB dimer composed of p65 and alkaline phosphatase-treated p50 from Ad5-transformed cell nuclear extracts could not bind to DNA. These results suggest that phosphorylation of p50 is a key step in the nuclear regulation of NF-kappaB in adenovirus-transformed cells. (+info)

Structure of CD94 reveals a novel C-type lectin fold: implications for the NK cell-associated CD94/NKG2 receptors. (4/5440)

The crystal structure of the extracellular domain of CD94, a component of the CD94/NKG2 NK cell receptor, has been determined to 2.6 A resolution, revealing a unique variation of the C-type lectin fold. In this variation, the second alpha helix, corresponding to residues 102-112, is replaced by a loop, the putative carbohydrate-binding site is significantly altered, and the Ca2+-binding site appears nonfunctional. This structure may serve as a prototype for other NK cell receptors such as Ly-49, NKR-P1, and CD69. The CD94 dimer observed in the crystal has an extensive hydrophobic interface that stabilizes the loop conformation of residues 102-112. The formation of this dimer reveals a putative ligand-binding region for HLA-E and suggests how NKG2 interacts with CD94. (+info)

Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent and Ehrlichia chaffeensis reside in different cytoplasmic compartments in HL-60 cells. (5/5440)

The human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent resides and multiplies exclusively in cytoplasmic vacuoles of granulocytes. Double immunofluorescence labeling was used to characterize the nature of the HGE agent replicative inclusions and to compare them with inclusions containing the human monocytic ehrlichia, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, in HL-60 cells. Although both Ehrlichia spp. can coinfect HL-60 cells, they resided in separate inclusions. Inclusions of both Ehrlichia spp. were not labeled with either anti-lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 or anti-CD63. Accumulation of myeloperoxidase-positive granules were seen around HGE agent inclusions but not around E. chaffeensis inclusions. 3-(2, 4-Dinitroanilino)-3'-amino-N-methyldipropylamine and acridine orange were not localized to either inclusion type. Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase was not colocalized with HGE agent inclusions but was weakly colocalized with E. chaffeensis inclusions. E. chaffeensis inclusions were labeled with the transferrin receptor, early endosomal antigen 1, and rab5, but HGE agent inclusions were not. Some HGE agent and E. chaffeensis inclusions colocalized with major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens. These two inclusions were not labeled for annexins I, II, IV, and VI; alpha-adaptin; clathrin heavy chain; or beta-coatomer protein. Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 colocalized to both inclusions. The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor was not colocalized with either inclusion type. Endogenously synthesized sphingomyelin, from C6-NBD-ceramide, was not incorporated into either inclusion type. Brefeldin A did not affect the growth of either Ehrlichia sp. in HL-60 cells. These results suggest that the HGE agent resides in inclusions which are neither early nor late endosomes and does not fuse with lysosomes or Golgi-derived vesicles, while E. chaffeensis resides in an early endosomal compartment which accumulates the transferrin receptor. (+info)

Human uterine lymphocytes. (6/5440)

During the luteal phase and the early months of pregnancy, there is a dense mucosal infiltration of CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells. These uterine NK cells have a phenotype (CD56bright, CD16-, mCD3-) which distinguishes them from peripheral blood NK cells (CD56dim, CD16bright, mCD3-). The uterine NK cells are in close association with extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells which infiltrate into the decidua and maternal spiral arteries. This subpopulation of trophoblast expresses two human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, HLA-G and HLA-C. Circulating NK cells express receptors for HLA class I molecules. We have recently found evidence that similar receptors are present on decidual NK cells belonging to both the Killer Inhibitory Receptor (KIR) and CD94 families. The repertoire of NK receptors expressed varies between different women. The findings indicate that decidual NK cells do have receptors for trophoblast HLA class I molecules. Experiments are underway to determine the effects of this interaction on NK cell function. (+info)

Soluble HLA class I, HLA class II, and Fas ligand in blood components: a possible key to explain the immunomodulatory effects of allogeneic blood transfusions. (7/5440)

The immunomodulatory effect of allogeneic blood transfusions (ABT) has been known for many years. However, a complete understanding of the effects of ABT on the recipient's immune system has remained elusive. Soluble HLA class I (sHLA-I), HLA class II (sHLA-II), and Fas ligand (sFasL) molecules may play immunoregulatory roles. We determined by double-determinant immunoenzymatic assay (DDIA) sHLA-I, sHLA-II, and sFasL concentrations in different blood components. sHLA-I and sFasL levels in red blood cells (RBCs) stored for up to 30 days and in random-donor platelets are significantly (P <.001) higher than in other blood components and their amount is proportionate to the number of residual donor leukocytes and to the length of storage. Blood components with high sHLA-I and sFasL levels play immunoregulatory roles in vitro as in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte responses (MLR) and antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) activity, and induce apoptosis in Fas-positive cells. These data suggest that soluble molecules in blood components are functional. If these results are paralleled in vivo, they should be taken into account in transfusion practice. Blood components that can cause immunosuppression should be chosen to induce transplantation tolerance, whereas blood components that lack immunosuppressive effects should be preferred to reduce the risk of postoperative complications and cancer recurrence. (+info)

Natural variation of the expression of HLA and endogenous antigen modulates CTL recognition in an in vitro melanoma model. (8/5440)

Increasing attention has been devoted to elucidating the mechanism of lost or decreased expression of MHC or melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs), which may lead to tumor escape from immune recognition. Loss of expression of HLA class I or MAA has, as an undisputed consequence, loss of recognition by HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). However, the relevance of down-regulation remains in question in terms of frequency of occurrence. Moreover the functional significance of epitope down-regulation, defining the relationship between MHC/epitope density and CTL interactions, is a matter of controversy, particularly with regard to whether the noted variability of expression of MHC/epitope occurs within a range likely to affect target recognition by CTLs. In this study, bulk metastatic melanoma cell lines originated from 25 HLA-A*0201 patients were analyzed for expression of HLA-A2 and MAAs. HLA-A2 expression was heterogeneous and correlated with lysis by CTLs. Sensitivity to lysis was also independently affected by the amount of ligand available for binding at concentrations of 0.001 to 1 mM. Natural expression of MAA was variable, independent from the expression of HLA-A*0201, and a significant co-factor determining recognition of melanoma targets. Thus, the naturally occurring variation in the expression of MAA and/or HLA documented by our in vitro results modulates recognition of melanoma targets and may (i) partially explain CTL-target interactions in vitro and (ii) elucidate potential mechanisms for progressive escape of tumor cells from immune recognition in vivo. (+info)

Both HLA class I and II alleles have been found to present these antigens. Some of these antigens are ubiquitously expressed in ... Major and Minor Histocompatibility Antigens to Non-Inherited Maternal Antigens (NIMA), Histocompatibility. INTECH. p. 146. ISBN ... Minor histocompatibility antigen (also known as MiHA) are receptors on the cellular surface of donated organs that are known to ... Minor histocompatibility antigens are due to normal proteins that are in themselves polymorphic in a given population. Even ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_histocompatibility_antigen

... matching of MHC class I and MHC class II were observed. Human MHC class I and II are also called human leukocyte antigen (HLA ... The MHC gene family is divided into three subgroups: MHC class I, MHC class II, and MHC class III. Among all those genes ... MHC class II can be conditionally expressed by all cell types, but normally occurs only on "professional" antigen-presenting ... Zhu L, Ruan XD, Ge YF, Wan QH, Fang SG (June 2007). "Low major histocompatibility complex class II DQA diversity in the Giant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_histocompatibility_complex

"Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2". Nature. 329 (6139): 506-12. Bibcode:1987Natur.329..506B. ... Wang Z, Cao Y, Albino AP, Zeff RA, Houghton A, Ferrone S (February 1993). "Lack of HLA class I antigen expression by melanoma ... Saper MA, Bjorkman PJ, Wiley DC (May 1991). "Refined structure of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2 at 2.6 A ... β2 microglobulin (B2M) is a component of MHC class I molecules. MHC class I molecules have α1, α2, and α3 proteins which are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-2_microglobulin

"Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2". Nature. 329 (6139): 506-512. Bibcode:1987Natur.329..506B. ... Saper MA, Bjorkman PJ, Wiley DC (1991). "Refined structure of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2 at 2.6 A resolution ... the HLA-A2 human histocompatibility antigen. This work was published in 1987, first at 3.5Å resolution (PDB entry 1HLA) and ... "Awards - American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics". www.ashi-hla.org. "NIH Director's Pioneer Award". NIH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela_J._Bjorkman

"Expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on human hepatocytes". Hepatology. 8 (3): 449-454 ... Czaja, Albert J.; Donaldson, Peter T. (August 2002). "Gender effects and synergisms with histocompatibility leukocyte antigens ... anti soluble liver antigen (SLA), liver-pancreas antigen (LP), and anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)) are of use, as is finding ... rare except for overlap syndromes with primary biliary cholangitis Anti-soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antibody antigen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_hepatitis

Desoye, G.; Dohr, G. A.; Ziegler, A. (1991). "Expression of human major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens on germ cells and ... In addition, HLA-G expresses oligosaccharides that are very different from those linked to other HLA class I molecules, so the ... These immune markers are also known as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens or more specifically in humans as human ... Ljunggren, H. G.; Karre, K. (1990). "In search of "missing self"? MHC class I molecules and NK cell recognition". Immunol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutherian_fetoembryonic_defense_system_(eu-FEDS)_hypothesis

HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain) at the PDBe-KB. (Protein heteropolymers, Genes on human chromosome 6, ... "HLA-A major histocompatibility complex, class I, A [Homo sapiens (human)]". National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S ... HLA is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen specific to humans. HLA-A is one of three major types of human MHC ... "Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, A". Gene Cards. Weizmann Institute of Science. 7 November 2013. Retrieved 16 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain also known as HLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chain or CD74 (Cluster ... The stable MHC class II + antigen complex is then presented on the cell surface. Without CLIP, MHC class II aggregates ... "cDNA clone for the human invariant gamma chain of class II histocompatibility antigens and its implications for the protein ... "Structure of the human gene encoding the invariant gamma-chain of class II histocompatibility antigens". Nucleic Acids Research ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD74

"The foreign antigen binding site and T cell recognition regions of class I histocompatibility antigens". Nature. 329 (6139): ... Enforcing the restriction that T cells are activated by peptide antigens only when the antigens are bound to self-MHC molecules ... "Antigen Presentation and Major Histocompatibility Complex". Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences: 90-98. doi:10.1016/B978-0- ... MHC-restricted antigen recognition, or MHC restriction, refers to the fact that a T cell can interact with a self-major ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHC_restriction

"Purification and characterization of class II histocompatibility antigens from a homozygous human B cell line". J. Biol. Chem. ... Ultimately, papain-solubilized fragments of the human class II MHC antigens HLA-DR1, HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4, HLA-DR7, and ... Nathenson, S. G.; Davies, D. A. (1966). "Solubilization and partial purification of mouse histocompatibility antigens from a ... "Complete amino acid sequence of a papain-solubilized human histocompatibility antigen, HLA-B7. 2. Sequence determination and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_L._Strominger

"An N-acetylated natural ligand of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B39. Classical major histocompatibility ... complex class I proteins bind peptides with a blocked NH(2) terminus in vivo". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 191 (12): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDX3X

In different studies, rheumatoid arthritis is strongly linked to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens. The ... depending on whether their TCR recognizes an MHC class I-presented antigen (CD8) or an MHC class II-presented antigen (CD4). It ... Antigens inside a cell are bound to class I MHC molecules, and brought to the surface of the cell by the class I MHC molecule, ... If the TCR is specific for that antigen, it binds to the complex of the class I MHC molecule and the antigen, and the T cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotoxic_T_cell

Class 2 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens on macrophages are up-regulated at sites of VUE. Neutrophils should not ... Foetal macrophages in VUE proliferate and are activated as a result of the up-regulation of MHC class 2 antigen expression. ... Majority of the antigen-presenting cells were Hofbauer cells (macrophages) were of foetal origin. Perivillous monocyte- ... The trafficking of maternal lymphocytes responding to an antigen in the chronic deciduitis could activate and enter via the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villitis_of_unknown_etiology

York IA, Rock KL (1996). "Antigen processing and presentation by the class I major histocompatibility complex". Annual Review ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleost_leptins

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ(6) alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DQA2 gene. Also ... 1984). "Isotypic and allotypic variation of human class II histocompatibility antigen alpha-chain genes". Nature. 308 (5957): ... 1994). "HLA class II antigens and the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 bind to the same face of CD4". J. Immunol. 152 (9): 4475- ... 1987). "Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. Comparisons of the DQ and DX alpha and beta genes". J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DQA2

This enzyme has a critical role in antigen presentation. Major histocompatibility complex class II molecules interact with ... "The Phosphoinositide Kinase PIKfyve Promotes Cathepsin-S-Mediated Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Antigen ... "Cathepsin S controls MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation by epithelial cells in vivo". Journal of Immunology. 174 (3): ... complex can load the selected antigen. After loading the antigen, MHC II molecule moves to the cell surface. Thus, we can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathepsin_S

... vivo staining of metastatic lymph nodes by class I major histocompatibility complex tetramers reveals high numbers of antigen- ... Presentation of viral antigen controlled by a gene in the major histocompatibility complex. Nature 345:449-452. Moins- ... The binding affinity and dissociation rates of peptides for class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. 1991. Eur J ... NKT cells enhance CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to soluble antigen in vivo through direct interaction with dendritic cells. J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenzo_Cerundolo

"Organization of the transcriptional unit of a human class II histocompatibility antigen: HLA-DR heavy chain". Nucleic Acids Res ... HLA-DR is an MHC class II cell surface receptor encoded by the human leukocyte antigen complex on chromosome 6 region 6p21.31. ... Parham P, Ohta T (1996). "Population biology of antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules". Science. 272 (5258): 67-74. ... 1991). "Interaction of CD4 with HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120". Immunogenetics. 34 (2): 121-8. doi:10.1007/BF00211424. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DR

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRA gene. HLA-DRA ... "Organization of the transcriptional unit of a human class II histocompatibility antigen: HLA-DR heavy chain". Nucleic Acids Res ... Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha ... "Entrez Gene: HLA-DRA major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha". Bénichou S, Benmerah A (2003). "[The HIV nef and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DRA

"The major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen receptor on T cells. I. Isolation with a monoclonal antibody". The ... Sadegh-Nasseri, Scheherazade; Germain, Ronald N. (September 1991). "A role for peptide in determining MHC class II structure". ... Antigen-Antibody binding hypothesis (John Marrack) 1940 - Identification of the Rh antigens (Karl Landsteiner and Alexander ... Heat-stable antigen(hi) splenic B cells are an immature developmental intermediate in the production of long-lived marrow- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_immunology

Major histocompatibility complex Human leukocyte antigen HLA-DP "Entrez Gene: HLA-DPA1 major histocompatibility complex, class ... Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1, also known as HLA-DPA1, is a human gene. The protein encoded by this ... Class II molecules are expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha ... The class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DPA) and a beta chain (DPB), both anchored in the membrane. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_histocompatibility_complex,_class_II,_DP_alpha_1

Peptide antigens are displayed by the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC) proteins on the surface of antigen- ... helping the virus propagate by preventing antigen presentation on the major histocompatibility complex. The proteasome ... Many MHC class I alleles prefer hydrophobic C-terminal residues, and the immunoproteasome complex is more likely to generate ... The strength of MHC class I ligand binding is dependent on the composition of the ligand C-terminus, as peptides bind by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasome

"The major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-binding protein p88 is the product of the calnexin gene". Proceedings of ... This association prepares the MHC class I for binding an antigen for presentation on the cell surface. A prolonged association ... the job of chaperoning the MHC class I protein while the tapasin links the complex to the transporter associated with antigen ... As newly synthesized MHC class I α-chains enter the endoplasmic reticulum, calnexin binds on to them retaining them in a partly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calnexin

... a major histocompatibility complex class I antigen homolog". Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 54 (Pt 1): ... Story CM, Mikulska JE, Simister NE (December 1994). "A major histocompatibility complex class I-like Fc receptor cloned from ... "The human gene encoding the heavy chain of the major histocompatibility complex class I-like Fc receptor (FCGRT) maps to ... It is an IgG Fc receptor which is similar in structure to the MHC class I molecule and also associates with beta-2- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_Fc_receptor

2002). "HLA class I-minor histocompatibility antigen tetramers select cytotoxic T cells with high avidity to the natural ligand ... 2005). "Cord blood comprises antigen-experienced T cells specific for maternal minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1". Blood. ... "Genomic identification of the minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 locus by allele-specific PCR". Tissue Antigens. 52 (4): 312 ... 2005). "Minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 and HPA-5 polymorphisms in HLA-identical related bone marrow transplantation". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMHA1

iNKT cells recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d, a non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I-like antigen ... a member of the CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules, rather than peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). As ... The best known antigen of iNKT cells is alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), which is a synthetic form of a chemical purified ... The highly conserved TCR is made of Va24-Ja18 paired with Vb11 in humans, which is specific for glycolipid antigens. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_killer_T_cell

Major histocompatibility complex Human leukocyte antigen HLA-DQ "Entrez Gene: HLA-DQB1 major histocompatibility complex, class ... Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 3, also known as HLA-DQB3, is a human gene and also denotes the genetic ... While the overall sequence of the protein encoded by this gene is similar to other HLA class II beta chains, the translated ... "Mapping and nucleotide sequence of a new HLA class II light chain gene, DQB3". Immunogenetics. 30 (4): 243-9. doi:10.1007/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DQB3

Minor histocompatibility antigens, a conceptually similar antigen class are also correctly identified by MHC binding algorithms ... Tumor antigens are those antigens that are presented by MHC class I or MHC class II molecules on the surface of tumor cells. ... T-independent antigen - Antigens that stimulate B cells directly. Immunodominant antigens - Antigens that dominate (over all ... Antigen-presenting cells present antigens in the form of peptides on histocompatibility molecules. The T cells selectively ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen

... ceruloplasmin and class I major histocompatibility antigens". Experimental Cell Research. 143 (1): 91-102. doi:10.1016/0014- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceruloplasmin

... antigens. In B lymphocytes (B cells), interferon gamma stimulates antibody class switching. All of these cells have different, ... interferon gamma upregulates expression of macrophages and both types of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) ... Dendritic cells phagocytose invaders; then they present the antigen on their surface to stimulate the acquired immune system ( ... These cells can differentiate into many subtypes once activated by antigen presenting cells (APCs) like dendrites. They divide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluripotency_(biological_compounds)

... and can bind human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I. Therefore, if secreted, the LILRA3 might impair interactions of membrane- ... "A common inhibitory receptor for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on human lymphoid and myelomonocytic cells ... Like the closely related LILRA1, LILRA3 binds to both normal and 'unfolded' free heavy chains of HLA class I, with a preference ... Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 3 (LILR-A3) also known as CD85 antigen-like family member E (CD85e), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LILRA3

2001). "HLA class I in three West African ethnic groups: genetic distances from sub-Saharan and Caucasoid populations". Tissue ... Arce-Gomez B, Jones EA, Barnstable CJ, Solomon E, Bodmer WF (February 1978). "The genetic control of HLA-A and B antigens in ... proceedings of the eleventh International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference, held in Yokohama, Japan, 6-13 November ... 2006). "HLA class I diversity among rural rainforest inhabitants in Cameroon: identification of A*2612-B*4407 haplotype". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A36

"Genomic structure of the spermatid-specific hsp70 homolog gene located in the class III region of the major histocompatibility ... Gupta N, Jagadish N, Surolia A, Suri A (2017). "Heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) a novel cancer testis antigen that promotes ... The gene is located in the major histocompatibility complex, on the short arm of chromosome 6, in a cluster with two paralogous ... Sargent CA, Dunham I, Trowsdale J, Campbell RD (March 1989). "Human major histocompatibility complex contains genes for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA1B

... increase host defenses by up-regulating antigen presentation by virtue of increasing the expression of major histocompatibility ... They are typically divided among three classes: Type I IFN, Type II IFN, and Type III IFN. IFNs belonging to all three classes ... and EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA-2) from Epstein-Barr virus, the large T antigen of Polyomavirus, the E7 protein of Human ... IFNs belong to the large class of proteins known as cytokines, molecules used for communication between cells to trigger the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

J Exp Med 145: 1-9. Rao A, Ko WW, Faas SJ, Cantor H. Binding of antigen in the absence of histocompatibility proteins by ... CD8+ T regulatory cells express the Ly49 class I MHC receptor and are defective in autoimmune prone B6-Yaa mice. Proc Natl Acad ... Boyse EA, Old LJ, Stockert E. An approach to the mapping of antigens on the cell surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1968;60:886. ... Glimcher L, Shen F-W, Cantor H. Identification of a cell-surface antigen selectively expressed on the natural killer cell. J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Cantor

... that predominantly recognize antigens of class I human leukocyte antigen ( HLA). The genes responsible for coding of KIR ... The HLA-C molecules are human leukocyte antigens and are the gene complexes to encode major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ... Tyrosine Kinases are a sub-class of the protein-kinase. Phosphorylation of proteins is a necessary step in transduction of ... Have the ability to lyse target cells without prior sensitization antigen and regulate the immune responses by secreting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer_cell_immunoglobulin-like_receptor_2DL3

A1::DQ2 was at the forefront of histocompatibility science, A1 was the first numerical antigen HL-A1 identified in the late ... so that susceptibility moves from class II to Class III or Class I loci. The association with class I would be unusual since T- ... Reunala T, Salo OP, Tiilikainen A, Mattila MJ (February 1976). "Histocompatibility antigens and dermatitis herpetiformis with ... Goldberg MA, Arnett FC, Bias WB, Shulman LE (1976). "Histocompatibility antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus". Arthritis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA_A1-B8-DR3-DQ2

Activated effector T cells can be placed into three functioning classes, detecting peptide antigens originating from various ... load antigenic peptides onto the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the cell, in turn presenting the peptide to ... Naive T cells, which are immature T cells that have yet to encounter an antigen, are converted into activated effector T cells ... Rather, cell-mediated immunity is the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-mediated_immunity

Antigen receptors on CTL can bind to a 9-10 amino acid chain that is presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) as ... TERT is a reverse transcriptase, which is a class of enzymes that creates single-stranded DNA using single-stranded RNA as a ... Humans have two major antigen identifying lymphocytes: CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) and CD4+ helper T-lymphocytes that ... Patel KP, Vonderheide RH (June 2004). "Telomerase as a tumor-associated antigen for cancer immunotherapy". Cytotechnology. 45 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase

1988). "Characterization of the cDNA encoding a protein binding to the major histocompatibility complex class II Y box". Proc. ... 1995). "Cooperative action of cellular proteins YB-1 and Pur alpha with the tumor antigen of the human JC polyomavirus ... Lloberas J, Maki RA, Celada A (1995). "Repression of major histocompatibility complex I-A beta gene expression by dbpA and dbpB ... "Physical and functional interaction between the Y-box binding protein YB-1 and human polyomavirus JC virus large T antigen". J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_box_binding_protein_1

These includes bonds between T cell antigen receptors (TCR) or pre-TCR and peptide presented by major histocompatibility ... "Mechano-regulation of Peptide-MHC Class I Conformations Determines TCR Antigen Recognition". Molecular Cell. 73 (5): 1015-27 e7 ... "Force-regulated in situ TCR-peptide-bound MHC class II kinetics determine functions of CD4+ T cells". Journal of Immunology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch_bond

... major histocompatibility complex (MHC), class I, A, B, and C loci. (6p21.3) HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 form HLA-DQ heterodimer MHC ... The human leukocyte antigen lies on chromosome 6, with the exception of the gene for β2-microglobulin (which is located on ... heterodimer MHC class II, DR (6p21.3) Mold / Biotoxin Susceptibility HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 forms HLA-DP, MHC class II, DP ( ... It contains the major histocompatibility complex, which contains over 100 genes related to the immune response, and plays a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_6

2000). "Role for cathepsin F in invariant chain processing and major histocompatibility complex class II peptide loading by ... Korkmaz, Huseyin; Findik, Duygu; Ugurluoglu, Ceyha; Terzi, Yuksel (2015). "Reliability of stool antigen tests: investigation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathepsin_F

The domains have binding regions for the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) and the T-cell receptor (TCR ... In immunology, superantigens (SAgs) are a class of antigens that result in excessive activation of the immune system. ... "Cross-linking of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules by staphylococcal enterotoxin A superantigen is a ... Leukocyte recruitment occurs independently of T lymphocytes and major histocompatibility complex Class II molecules". Lab. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superantigen

... prevents antigen presentation by blocking the transport of peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex class I molecules ... In the absence of any classes, del Val and other students read books and played games. One book she read described how proteins ... "Efficient processing of an antigenic sequence for presentation by MHC class I molecules depends on its neighboring residues in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarita_del_Val

More than 30 genes have been discovered in a gene complex called the major histocompatibility complex. The histocompatibility ... Bakeman arranged for me to be interviewed and considered for one of the two remaining places in the Freshman class." After his ... He noticed that if antigens (something that causes a reaction with the immune system) were injected into animals with a similar ... Germain, R. N.; Paul, W. E. (2011). "Baruj Benacerraf (1920-2011) Immunologist who won Nobel for genetics of T-cell antigen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf

"Cell-cell adhesion mediated by CD8 and human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen G, a nonclassical major histocompatibility ... a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class 1 molecule on cytotrophoblasts". J. Exp. Med. 174 (3): 737-40. doi: ... The CD8 antigen, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigen displayed by an antigen- ... Sanders SK, Giblin PA, Kavathas P (1991). "Cell-cell adhesion mediated by CD8 and human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen G ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD8A

Class II molecules are expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha ... Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1, also known as HLA-DQA1, is a human gene present on short arm of ... 1987). "Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. Comparisons of the DQ and DX alpha and beta genes". J. ... "Entrez Gene: HLA-DQA1 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1". Lau M, Terasaki PI, Park MS (1994). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_histocompatibility_complex,_class_II,_DQ_alpha_1

"A common inhibitory receptor for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on human lymphoid and myelomonocytic cells ... 1997). "A novel inhibitory receptor (ILT3) expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells involved in antigen ... 1998). "A family of human lymphoid and myeloid Ig-like receptors, some of which bind to MHC class I molecules". J. Immunol. 159 ... The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LILRB3

... cells use macropinocytosis and the mannose receptor to concentrate macromolecules in the major histocompatibility complex class ... and the role of inflammatory stimuli in promoting antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells (). In 1994 Sallusto and ... In 1985, using antigen-specific T and B cell clones, Lanzavecchia demonstrated that B cells efficiently capture, process and ... Lanzavecchia, A.; Reid, P.A.; Watts, C. (1985). "Irreversible association of peptides with class II MHC molecules in living ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Lanzavecchia

Normal body cells are not recognized and attacked by NK cells because they express intact self MHC antigens. Those MHC antigens ... Members of every class of pathogen that infect humans also infect plants. Although the exact pathogenic species vary with the ... major histocompatibility complex) - a situation that can arise in viral infections of host cells. They were named "natural ... These include the NBS-LRR class of proteins. When a part of a plant becomes infected with a microbial or viral pathogen, in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

Suastegui R, De La Rosa G, Carranza J, Gonzalez-Astiazaran A, Gorodezky C (2001). "Contribution of the MHC class II antigens to ... "Associations between alleles of the major histocompatibility complex and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis". Hepatology. 25 (2): 317- ... 2007). "HLA class I and class II frequencies in patients with sarcoidosis from Croatia: role of HLA-B8, −DRB1*0301, and −DQB1* ... Shawkatova I, Michalkova D, Barak L, Fazekasova H, Kuba D, Buc M (2006). "HLA class II allele frequencies in type 1A diabetes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DR17

IFN-γ binds to the type II cell-surface receptor, also known as the IFN-gamma receptor (IFNGR) which is part of the class II ... It can also be secreted by antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages (MΦs), and B cells to a ... Some of its main functions are to induce IgG isotype switching in B cells; upregulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ... class II expression on APCs; induce CD8+ cytotoxic T cell differention, activation, and proliferation; and activate macrophages ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_type_II

1994). "Analysis of MHC class II antigens in Japanese IDDM by a novel HLA-typing method, hybridization protection assay". ... 1992). "Analysis by the polymerase chain reaction of histocompatibility leucocyte antigen-DR9-linked susceptibility to insulin- ... HLA-DQ9 (DQ9) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-DQ (DQ) serotype group. DQ9 is a split antigen of the DQ3 ... Törn C, Gupta M, Sanjeevi CB, Aberg A, Frid A, Landin-Olsson M (2004). "Different HLA-DR-DQ and MHC class I chain-related gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DQ9

... bind antigenic peptides presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. ... or display stress markers such as MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MIC-A). Decreased expression of MHC class I and ... These cells bind antigens presented on MHC I complex of virus-infected or tumour cells and kill them. Nearly all nucleated ... Natural killer cells are able to kill cells of the body that do not display MHC class I molecules, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell

... is a group of proteins belonging the class of major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Unlike other MHC types such ... They are not involved in antigen binding (the process called antigen presentation, a classic function of MHC proteins). Only ... They are mainly known from their genes because their gene cluster is present between those of class I and class II. The gene ... More than 60 MHC class III genes are described, which is about 28% of the total MHC genes (224). The region within MHC class ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHC_class_III

Hilligan, K. L.; Ronchese, F. (2020). "Antigen presentation by dendritic cells and their instruction of CD4+ T helper cell ... Racioppi, Luigi; Ronchese, Franca; Matis, Louis A.; Germain, R. N. (1993). "Peptide-major histocompatibility complex class II ... where she became interested in antigen presentation by dendritic cells in vivo. In 1994, Ronchese moved to New Zealand to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_Ronchese

1999). "Cytokines required for induction of histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-class I-restricted and tumor-specific ... This SART1(259) antigen may be useful in specific immunotherapy for cancer patients and may serve as a paradigmatic tool for ... "Entrez Gene: SART1 squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells". Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a ... 2000). "Expression of the SART1 tumor-rejection antigen in human osteosarcomas". Int. J. Oncol. 17 (1): 29-32. doi:10.3892/ijo. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SART1

... that can recognize a tumor cell antigen in a manner that is independent of the major histocompatibility complex and which can ... Education Program. 2013 (1): 596-600. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.596. PMC 4729208. PMID 24319237. Clarke RT, Van den Bruel ... Human Antibodies Against Cell Surface Tumor Antigens Selected From Repertoires Displayed on T Cell Chimeric Antigen Receptors ... TdT is a protein expressed early in the development of pre-T and pre-B cells, whereas CALLA is an antigen found in 80% of ALL ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia

Salti, N.N. & Shaya, M. (‎1997)‎. Major histocompatibility class I antigens in the Lebanese population. EMHJ - Eastern ... antigens in the Lebanese population. We describe the frequency and distribution of MHC class I antigens present in the A, B and ... Except for two reports on Lebanese immigrants, there have been no studies on the major histocompatibility [‎MHC]‎ ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/117117

... antigens in the Lebanese population. We describe the frequency and distribution of MHC class I antigens present ... ... Browsing by Subject "Histocompatibility Antigens Class I". 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. ... Except for two reports on Lebanese immigrants, there have been no studies on the major histocompatibility [‎MHC]‎ ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Histocompatibility+Antigens+Class+I&type=mesh

... antigens in the Lebanese population. We describe the frequency and distribution of MHC class I antigens present in the A, B and ... there have been no studies on the major histocompatibility (MHC) ... Major histocompatibility class I antigens in the Lebanese ... In this work, we describe antigen and gene frequencies of the A, B and C loci of the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I ... Major histocompatibility class I antigens in the Lebanese population Section menu. You are here. *Eastern Mediterranean Health ...

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-3-1997/volume-3-issue-1/article14.html

Expression of major histocompatibility class I and class II antigens and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on operable non- ... Expression of major histocompatibility class I and class II antigens and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on operable non- ... Expression of major histocompatibility class I and class II antigens and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on operable non- ... Effect of gamma interferon on the induction of class ii major histocompatibility complex antigen and intercellular adhesion ...

https://eurekamag.com/research/008/661/008661939.php

HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-26 alpha chain [plasma membrane] HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-26 alpha ... HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-26 alpha chain [ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane] Stable Identifier ... HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-26 alpha chain [ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane] (Homo sapiens) ... HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-26 alpha chain [ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane] (Homo sapiens) ...

https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-3318243

Major histocompatibility antigens: The human (HLA-A,-B,-C) and murine (H-2K, H-2D) class I molecules. Cell. 1981 May;24(2):287- ... Major histocompatibility antigens : The human (HLA-A,-B,-C) and murine (H-2K, H-2D) class I molecules. / Ploegh, Hidde L.; Orr ... title = "Major histocompatibility antigens: The human (HLA-A,-B,-C) and murine (H-2K, H-2D) class I molecules", ... Major histocompatibility antigens: The human (HLA-A,-B,-C) and murine (H-2K, H-2D) class I molecules. ...

https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/major-histocompatibility-antigens-the-human-hla-a-b-c-and-murine-

Rollins-Smith LA, Blair P. Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on adult T cells in Xenopus is ... Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on adult T cells in Xenopus is metamorphosis-dependent.. ... Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are expressed predominantly on B lymphocytes and macrophages of ... In control animals, class II antigens were virtually absent from thymic lymphocytes and peripheral T cells of normal untreated ...

https://www.vumc.org/rollins-smith-lab/publication/expression-class-ii-major-histocompatibility-complex-antigens-adult-t-cells-xenopus-m

For most class II alleles, peptide binding depends on the catalytic action of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA ... DO effectively inhibits antigen presentation of peptides that are loaded onto class II in endosomal compartments that are not ... Cell surface iodination assays and mass spectrometry of major histocompatibility complex class II-eluted peptides show that DO ... Thus, DO appears to be a unique, cell type-specific modulator mastering the class II-mediated immune response induced by B ...

https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/196716

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR beta 4 chain [plasma membrane] HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 ... HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain [Golgi membrane] HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR beta 4 ... HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ [trans-Golgi network membrane] HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 ... HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP [Golgi membrane] HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP [ER to Golgi transport ...

https://www.reactome.org/content/detail/R-DRE-2130418-4

Results of search for su:{Histocompatibility antigens class II.} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to currently ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BHistocompatibility%20antigens%20class%20II.%7D

CD8+ T-cell responses to exogenous antigen via a proteasome-independent mechanism of major histocompatibility complex class I ... CD8+ T-cell responses to exogenous antigen via a proteasome-independent mechanism of major histocompatibility complex class I ...

https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/dendritic-cell-maturation-enhances-cd8-t-cell-responses-to-exogen/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

Tetramer staining of tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes ex vivo revealed high frequencies of tumor-specific CTLs which were antigen- ... We have synthesized reagents (tetramers) that specifically stain CTLs recognizing melanoma antigens. ... responses to tumor antigens has been impeded by a lack of direct assays of CTL activity. ...

https://serval.unil.ch/fr/notice/serval:BIB_887EF23E82A0

Histocompatibility Antigens Class I Grant support * AI-39516/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ... We have detected expanded populations of MHC class I-restricted cdr2-specific CTLs in the blood of 3/3 HLA-A2.1+ PCD patients, ... cells can mature and migrate to draining lymph organs where they could induce a CTL response to tissue-restricted antigens. In ... and autoimmune neuronal degeneration in PCD correlates with a specific antibody response to the tumor and brain antigen cdr2, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9809559/

HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-30 alpha chain; HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-30 alpha chain; MHC class I ... The HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-30 alpha chain (HLA-A) is a α- or alpha protein sometimes glycoprotein present in ... HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-30 alpha chain (HLA-A) is a recombinant protein expressed in E. coli. The protein can ... Recombinant Human HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-30 alpha chain (HLA-A) ...

http://hla-a.com/all-product/2239-mbs-recombinant/3362-human-hla-class-i-histocompatibility-antigen-a-30-alpha-chain-hla-a-e-coli

You are being redirected to Medscape Education Yes, take me there 0.5 CME ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1176126-189663/what-is-the-role-of-lab-tests-in-the-workup-of-facioscapulohumeral-dystrophy-fshd

The HLA-B gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. Learn about this ... HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain. *leukocyte antigen B. *MHC class I HLA-B heavy chain ... Genes in this complex are categorized into three basic groups: class I, class II, and class III. In humans, the HLA-B gene and ... MHC class I genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of almost all cells. On the cell ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/hla-b/

Histocompatibility antigens class I. Histocompatibility antigens class II. Pemphigoid bullous. Polymerase chain reaction. ... Many studies have been published demonstrating the association of pemphigoid with HLA class II system alleles in different ... Study of the association between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and bullous pemphigoid in Brazilian patients ... and class II (DRB1, DQB1 and DQA1). DISCUSSION: Our data indicate that Brazilian patients with BP present the same genetic ...

https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-09032017-122652/fr.php

Crystal Structure of the Complex of the MHC Class II Molecule HLA-DR1 (HA peptide 306-318) with the Superantigen SEC3 Variant ... HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain. A. 182. Homo sapiens. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: HLA-DRA, HLA-DRA1. ... HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain. B. 190. Homo sapiens. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: HLA-DRB1. ... major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II complexes exhibiting increasingly higher affinity to reveal that this affinity ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1jws

Although several bird species preferentially mate with partners that are dissimilar at the major histocompatibility complex ( ... 3-dimensional structure of the human class-II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR1. Nature 364, 33-39 (1993). ... Major histocompatibility complex class II compatibility, but not class I, predicts mate choice in a bird with highly developed ... Kaufman, J., Salomonsen, J. & Flajnik, M. Evolutionary conservation of MHC class I and class II molecules-different yet the ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep06920?error=cookies_not_supported&code=ff150c92-ad00-4d28-8a90-79bf352997dc

Found to cleave antigen peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules of presenting cells and to ... We are constantly working hard to ensure we provide our customers with best in class antibodies. As a result of this work we ... Storage instructions. Shipped at 4°C. Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Upon delivery aliquot. Store at -20°C long term. ... Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. See IHC ...

https://www.abcam.com/cd13-antibody-epr4058-ab108310.html

Statins might exert antiinflammatory effects by inhibiting the major histocompatibility complex class II pathway of antigen ... D. Statins may inhibit the major histocompatibility complex class II pathway of antigen presentation ... Ghittoni R, Napolitani G, Benati D, Ulivieri C, Patrussi L, Laghi Pasini F, et al. Simvastatin inhibits the MHC class II ... To complete the questions (with a minimum 75% passing score) and earn continuing medical education (CME) credit, please go to ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/6/19-0646_article

Histocompatibility Antigens Class II 8% * Immunoglobulin A 7% * ROC Curve 6% * Immunoglobulin G 5% ...

https://portal.research.lu.se/sv/publications/multiplex-agglutination-pcr-adap-autoantibody-assays-compared-to-/fingerprints/

PDB Compounds: (B:) hla class II histocompatibility antigen. SCOPe Domain Sequences for d1uvqb2:. Sequence; same for both ... Class d: Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) [53931] (396 folds). *. Fold d.19: MHC antigen-recognition domain [54451] (1 superfamily ... Family d.19.1.1: MHC antigen-recognition domain [54453] (13 proteins). *. Protein Class II MHC beta chain, N-terminal domain [ ... d1uvqb2 d.19.1.1 (B:3-94) Class II MHC beta chain, N-terminal domain {Human (Homo sapiens), HLA-DQ6 [TaxId: 9606]} ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=100065

Name: histocompatibility 2, class II antigen E beta2. Synonyms: H-2Eb2, Ia-5, Ia5, A130038H09Rik ...

https://www.mmrrc.org/catalog/sds.php?mmrrc_id=39242

3. Structure and polymorphism of the human class II histocompatibility antigens with special regard to the HLA-DP region. ...

https://www.avhandlingar.se/om/DP/

Watts, C. (2004). The exogenous pathway for antigen presentation on major histocompatibility complex class II and CD1 molecules ... Hsing, L. C., and Rudensky, A. Y. (2005). The lysosomal cysteine proteases in MHC class II antigen presentation. Immunol. Rev. ... 2004). Antigen stability controls antigen presentation. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 50257-50266. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M405738200 ... Watts, C. (2001). Antigen processing in the endocytic compartment. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 13, 26-31. doi: 10.1016/S0952-7915(00) ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2020.00018/full

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Data on histocompatibility antigens in patients and in population groups are becoming increasingly important, not only in the ever-expanding field of organ transplantation, but also in the area of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) association with a number of diseases. (who.int)
Modulation of the major histocompatibility complex class II-associated peptide repertoire by human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DO. (ox.ac.uk)
HLA-B is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (medlineplus.gov)
The pathobiology of chronic beryllium disease involves the major histocompatibility complex class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA). (cdc.gov)
The nonclassical MHC class I molecule human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is selectively expressed on fetal trophoblast tissue at the maternal-fetal interface in pregnancy. (jenner.ac.uk)
The human leukocyte antigen‑G (HLA‑G) is expressed to a high level in primary ESCC tissues and is associated with prognosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Previous studies have demonstrated that the human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) gene is one of the target genes regulated by miR-148a. (spandidos-publications.com)
In this situation, the two individuals differ at MHC (major histocompatibility complex) loci, also known as human leukocyte antigen [HLA] loci), and/or differ at minor histocompatibility antigens. (renalandurologynews.com)
Methods: Neurologic patients included both those with the CD-prerequisite major histocompatibility complex class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2/DQ8 haplotype, and those without. (elsevier.com)
Viral integration may be curtailed when CD8+ T cells are triggered to kill infected CD4+ T cells through recognition of histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-bound peptides derived from incoming virions. (ox.ac.uk)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and adhesion molecules, such as the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), appear to play an important role in the immunological recognition and destruction of tumour cells. (eurekamag.com)
Antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules is essential for antibody production and T cell activation. (ox.ac.uk)
The amino acid sequences contained characteristic features of functional class II molecules including conserved residues and putative peptide binding regions ( Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
These fragments are then loaded onto major histocompatibility complex molecules type 2 (MHC2) and transported to the cell surface. (frontiersin.org)
The highly immunosuppressive leporipoxvirus myxoma, previously was shown to promote the loss of cell surface class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC l) molecules. (elsevier.com)
Antigen-presenting cells survey their environment and present captured antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (edu.au)
Autophagy is a route that enables the presentation of cytosolic antigen by MHC class II molecules. (edu.au)
Some reports also implicate autophagy in the presentation of extracellular, endocytosed antigen by MHC class I molecules, a pathway termed "cross-presentation. (edu.au)
The superantigen binds to the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (blue) of an antigen-presenting cell. (genengnews.com)
Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). (abnova.com)
Recently, we revealed that TAPBPR is a peptide exchange catalyst that is important for optimal peptide selection by MHC class I molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
Our results suggest the formation of a multimeric complex, dependent on a conserved cysteine at position 94 in TAPBPR, in which TAPBPR promotes the association of UGT1 with peptide-receptive MHC class I molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
We reveal that the interaction between TAPBPR and UGT1 facilities the reglucosylation of the glycan on MHC class I molecules, promoting their recognition by calreticulin. (ox.ac.uk)
Our results suggest that in addition to being a peptide editor, TAPBPR improves peptide optimisation by promoting peptide-receptive MHC class I molecules to associate with the peptide-loading complex. (ox.ac.uk)
CD8 T cells bind to class I MHC molecules and generally mediate cytotoxicity. (renalandurologynews.com)
CD4 T cells bind to class II MHC molecules, secrete cytokines to amplify inflammation, and provide help to induce cytotoxic T cells and antibody-producing B cells. (renalandurologynews.com)
In the normal host, T cells are "trained" to recognize foreign peptides expressed in the context of self-MHC molecules and are tolerant to self antigens. (renalandurologynews.com)
The only I-A(β) gene expressed in these mice is an A(β)(k) transgene with a mutation that prevents MHC class H molecules from interacting with CD4. (utmb.edu)
When cocultured with APC- expressing wild-type MHC class H molecules, apoptosis in resting CD4 + T lymphocytes from mutant A(β)(k) transgenic mice was reduced. (utmb.edu)
Our results show for the first time that interactions between CD4 and MHC class H molecules are required for the survival of resting CD4 + T cells in peripheral lymphoid organs. (utmb.edu)
Maroto, R, Shen, X & König, R 1999, ' Requirement for efficient interactions between CD4 and MHC class II molecules for survival of resting CD4 + T lymphocytes in vivo and for activation-induced cell death ', Journal of Immunology , vol. 162, no. 10, pp. 5973-5980. (utmb.edu)

In humans, the HLA-B gene and two related genes, HLA-A and HLA-C , are the main genes in MHC class I. (medlineplus.gov)
In humans, histocompatibility antigens are called human leukocyte antigens (HLA) because they were originally discovered in large numbers on lymphocytes. (lupusresearch.org)
The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. (bvsalud.org)
MHC class II invariant chain-adjuvanted viral vectored vaccines enhances T cell responses in humans. (ox.ac.uk)
We now assess this strategy in humans, using chimpanzee adenovirus 3 and modified vaccinia Ankara vectors encoding human Ii fused to the nonstructural (NS) antigens of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a heterologous prime/boost regimen. (ox.ac.uk)
major histocompatibility complex: (in mammals) a group of genes located next to or near each other on a specific chromosome, the sixth in humans, most of which encode glycoproteins of highly variable shapes that are expressed on almost all cell surfaces: it plays the dominant role in distinguishing one individual's cells from another's and in determining the histocompatibility of any two individuals. (en-academic.com)

Tissue-specific minor histocompatibility antigens can be predicted through computational analysis of donor and recipient genotyping data. (ashpublications.org)
T-cell responses to minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAs) mediate both antitumor immunity (graft-versus-leukemia [GVL]) and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic stem cell transplant. (ashpublications.org)

MHC class I genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of almost all cells. (medlineplus.gov)
MHC class I proteins display these peptides to the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
Exogenous proteins enter antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, via endocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related antigen A (MICA) proteins are like HLA class I gene products. (loinc.org)
The innate immune system is composed of macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer (NK) cells as well as nonpolymorphic proteins, such as complement and cytokines, which respond to generic antigens. (renalandurologynews.com)
The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen. (bvsalud.org)
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins bind to antigenic subunits - the parts of the cell that provoke an immune response - and bring them to the surface of the macrophage to be passed along to T cells . (thehealthboard.com)

Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on adult T cells in Xenopus is metamorphosis-dependent. (vumc.org)
In control animals, class II antigens were virtually absent from thymic lymphocytes and peripheral T cells of normal untreated larvae, but could be found in increasing numbers in both populations after metamorphosis (10-12 weeks of age). (vumc.org)
Thus, perchlorate-treated animals retained the larval pattern of class II expression, suggesting that emergence of class II+ T cells is dependent on metamorphosis. (vumc.org)
DO function was investigated under various pH conditions in in vitro peptide exchange assays and in antigen presentation assays using DO(-) and DO(+) transfectant cell lines as antigen-presenting cells, in which effective acidification of the endocytic pathway was prevented with bafilomycin A(1), an inhibitor of vacuolar ATPases. (ox.ac.uk)
Thus, DO appears to be a unique, cell type-specific modulator mastering the class II-mediated immune response induced by B cells. (ox.ac.uk)
We have detected expanded populations of MHC class I-restricted cdr2-specific CTLs in the blood of 3/3 HLA-A2.1+ PCD patients, providing the first description, to our knowledge, of tumor-specific CTLs using primary human cells in a simple recall assay. (nih.gov)
These results indicate a model whereby immature dendritic cells that engulf apoptotic tumor cells can mature and migrate to draining lymph organs where they could induce a CTL response to tissue-restricted antigens. (nih.gov)
Alternate class I MHC (MHC-I) processing allows macrophages to present Ags from MTB and other bacteria to CD8 + T cells, but the effect of PAMPs on this processing pathway is unknown. (elsevier.com)
Class I MHC antigens (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) are found on all nucleated cells and platelets. (lupusresearch.org)
Class II antigens (HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP) are found on lymphocytes and antigen processing cells and are important in the specific immune response. (lupusresearch.org)
How many of those T cells can recognize any particular antigen? (iayork.com)
If so, how many T cells typically recognize an individual antigen? (iayork.com)
This may be due to studies using different types of antigen presenting cells for which the use of autophagy is not well defined. (edu.au)
These findings highlight the differential use of autophagy and its machinery by primary cells equipped with specific immune function, and prompt careful reassessment of the participation of this endocytic pathway in antigen cross-presentation. (edu.au)
Tax is also the immunodominant target antigen for cytotoxic T cells in HTLV-1 infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Antigen is taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis, digested, and presented to T cells in the context of class II MHC. (renalandurologynews.com)
Class I antigens (HLA A, B and C) are present on all nucleated cells, while class II antigens (HLA DR, DQ and DP) are found on antigen presenting cells and can be upregulated on vascular endothelium after ischemia reperfusion injury. (renalandurologynews.com)
Cellular alloimmunity: Cell-mediated alloimmunity is initiated by antigen-specific T cells that, in concert with other cellular components, result in cytolytic and cytokine-induced damage of a transplanted organ. (renalandurologynews.com)
Initial antigen recognition predominantly occurs in secondary lymphoid organs, where recipient T cells interact with antigens derived from the donor. (renalandurologynews.com)
The primed T cells then migrate back to the graft where they re-encounter antigens and mediate their effector functions. (renalandurologynews.com)
In this study, we report on the use of a transgenic mouse model to test the role of CD4-MHC class H interactions for the susceptibility of CD4 + T lymphocytes to AICD, and for the survival of resting CD4 + T cells in peripheral lymphoid organs. (utmb.edu)
The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. (bvsalud.org)
The general applicability of this novel vaccination method for induction of major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted T cells is discussed. (ox.ac.uk)
Therefore, early in the formation of oral lichen planus lesions, CD8 + T cells may recognize an antigen associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
After antigen recognition and activation, CD8 + cytotoxic T cells may trigger keratinocyte apoptosis. (medscape.com)
Several types of cells work together to form the correct antibody to fight a specific antigen . (thehealthboard.com)
The first cells to interact with the antigen are called macrophages . (thehealthboard.com)
Once the TCR has recognized the antigen, there are several different ways a T cell can act in order to destroy the invading cells. (thehealthboard.com)
The T cells that help to produce antibodies, called T-helper cells, stimulate B cells to produce the blocking antibody specific to the antigen. (thehealthboard.com)
The relationship between B cells and CD4 T cells has been carefully studied, revealing a collaborative effort in which B cells promote the activation, differentiation, and expansion of CD4 T cells while the so-called "helper" cells provide signals to B cells, influencing their class switching and fate. (bvsalud.org)

Here, we combine crystal structures and binding-free energies of a series of variant superantigen (SAG)-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II complexes exhibiting increasingly higher affinity to reveal that this affinity maturation pathway is controlled largely by two biophysical factors: shape complementarity and buried hydrophobic surface. (rcsb.org)
Formation of MHC-antigen complexes occurs in specialized compartments where multiple protein trafficking routes, still incompletely understood, converge. (edu.au)
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-associated invariant chain (Ii) plays a critical role in antigen presentation, forming MHC class II peptide complexes for the generation of CD4+ T cell responses. (ox.ac.uk)

Cell surface iodination assays and mass spectrometry of major histocompatibility complex class II-eluted peptides show that DO affects the antigenic peptide repertoire of class II. (ox.ac.uk)
DO effectively inhibits antigen presentation of peptides that are loaded onto class II in endosomal compartments that are not very acidic. (ox.ac.uk)
The HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-30 alpha chain (HLA-A) is a α- or alpha protein sometimes glycoprotein present in blood.Antigens are peptides or recombinant or native dependent on the production method. (hla-a.com)

These findings suggest that these substitutions may eventually promote an involuntary cation-binding site within the otherwise metal-free peptide-binding pocket, consequently demoting the innate function of HLA by changing the specificity of antigen recognition. (cdc.gov)
MHC restriction - MHC restricted antigen recognition, or MHC restriction, refers to the fact that a given T cell will recognize a peptide antigen only when it is bound to a particular MHC molecule. (en-academic.com)
Role of target cell histocompatibility antigens in recognition and lysis. (aai.org)
Although compelling genetic and serologic evidence implicate target cell (TC) MHC antigens in specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-TC interaction leading to lysis, it is not entirely clear whether TC recognition through an MHC determinant(s) is a prerequisite for lysis to occur. (aai.org)

And therefore, how may distinct antigens can your body detect? (iayork.com)
Even when limited to HLA A, B and DR there are over 100 distinct antigens. (renalandurologynews.com)

We are constantly working hard to ensure we provide our customers with best in class antibodies. (abcam.com)
Furthermore, these studies did not focus on the entire MICA system, that is to say on both genetics (histocompatibility) and the serological aspects (presence of anti-MICA antibodies in the recipient's blood). (inserm.fr)
These findings suggest that MICA is a relevant histocompatibility gene to consider when envisaging a transplant, and that testing for anti-MICA antibodies may also be useful in predicting the success or failure of the graft. (inserm.fr)
Following this research, we can now consider the inclusion in routine clinical practice of MICA gene sequencing and the identification of anti-MICA antibodies in patients prior to transplantation to assess histocompatibility with the donor and post-transplant to improve the prevention of rejection. (inserm.fr)
New laboratory panels, including the new 2014 HEDIS Value Sets, CBC with Differential panel for Cord blood , MICA (Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related antigen A ) IgG antibodies, MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronavirus RNA panel, and a Mycobacterium tuberculosis stimulated gamma interferon & spot count panel. (loinc.org)

Dendritic cell maturation enhances CD8+ T-cell responses to exogenous antigen via a proteasome-independent mechanism of major histocompatibility complex class I loading. (ed.ac.uk)

Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are expressed predominantly on B lymphocytes and macrophages of tadpoles of the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, as is the pattern in lymphocyte populations of most mammals. (vumc.org)
However, unlike most mammals, young postmetamorphic frogs show expression of class II MHC antigens on a high proportion of thymocytes and most peripheral T and B lymphocytes. (vumc.org)
In contrast, larvae, whose metamorphosis was inhibited by treatment with sodium perchlorate, had relatively few class II+ thymic lymphocytes throughout the 6-month period of study, and the proportion of class II+ splenic lymphocytes was approximately equal to that of IgM+ B lymphocytes. (vumc.org)

Any antibody, including a blocking antibody, is specific to an antigen, meaning it will only work against that particular antigen. (thehealthboard.com)

However, the contribution of autophagy to cross-presentation varied depending on the form of antigen: it was negligible in the case of cell-associated antigen or antigen delivered via receptor-mediated endocytosis, but more prominent when the antigen was a soluble protein. (edu.au)

We describe the frequency and distribution of MHC class I antigens present in the A, B and C loci based on data obtained from 200 healthy unrelated individuals from different parts of Lebanon. (who.int)
Nous décrivons la fréquence et la répartition des antigènes de la classe I du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité présents dans les loci A, B et C en fonction des données obtenues auprès de 200 sujets sains n'ayant aucun lien de parenté et originaires de différentes parties du Liban. (who.int)
In this work, we describe antigen and gene frequencies of the A, B and C loci of the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I gene in a sample of 200 healthy Lebanese individuals. (who.int)
mean = 3.2 ± 0.7 SD alleles), indicating that we amplified duplicated MHC Class II DRB loci. (nature.com)

This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha and a beta chain, both anchored in the membrane. (abnova.com)

In other words, the largest number of antigens you could possibly recognize is 10 8 - 10 11 , if each naive T cell recognized a distinct antigen. (iayork.com)
The predictive signature of nonresponse is associated with high frequencies of TCRs predicted to recognize tumor-specific antigens, and these tumor-specific TCRs undergo a higher degree of dynamic changes on therapy in nonresponders versus responders. (genengnews.com)
The TCR can only recognize antigens that have been bound to an MHC protein. (thehealthboard.com)

For most class II alleles, peptide binding depends on the catalytic action of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DM. (ox.ac.uk)
Many studies have been published demonstrating the association of pemphigoid with HLA class II system alleles in different populations, however there are no data on the Brazilian population, one of the most heterogeneous in the world. (usp.br)
Our data show that non-beneficial HLA class I alleles can elicit an effective antiviral response through early presentation of HIV virion-derived epitopes and also demonstrate the importance of SP2 as an immune target. (ox.ac.uk)
There is a fairly strong genetic background to pemphigus vulgaris with linkage to HLA class II alleles. (bvsalud.org)

HLA is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)
HLA antigens: Grafts transplanted from one member of a species to a different non-identical member of that same species (e.g., one human to another) are termed allografts. (renalandurologynews.com)
matory response, IL-10 has been shown to inhibit macrophage and Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) provides a human disorder in T lymphocyte cytokine synthesis and MHC class II and B7 ex- which to study the delayed type hypersensitivity response to persistent pression. (cdc.gov)
Clone REA516 recognizes the human and mouse interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF-8) antigen, a 50 kDa transcription factor, which is also known as interferon consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP). (miltenyibiotec.com)

Genes in this complex are categorized into three basic groups: class I, class II, and class III. (medlineplus.gov)
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an extraordinarily diverse cluster of genes that play a major role in vertebrate adaptive immunity. (nature.com)
This phenomenon suggests that other as yet unidentified histocompatibility genes may play a role. (inserm.fr)
A complex of genes on chromosome 6 that code for the antigens that determine tissue and blood compatibility. (lupusresearch.org)
En ratones, dos genes llamados IA e IE sobre el cromosoma 17 codifican para los antígenos H-2. (bvsalud.org)
El término antígenos IA, usado para referirse sólo a las proteínas codificadas por los genes IA en los ratones, ahora se usa como un término genérico para cualquier antígeno de histocompatibilidad de clase II. (bvsalud.org)
In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. (bvsalud.org)

Moreover, DNA extracted from the blood samples was amplified for analysis of the genetic diversity in the major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ Alpha ( MHC-DQA ) gene. (biomedcentral.com)
Approximately 80 new codes in microbiology and serology, including codes for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus and Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related antigen A (MICA) antigens. (loinc.org)
HLA-G is a member of the non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I antigens and serves a key function in maternal-fetal tolerance during pregnancy ( 19 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Although several bird species preferentially mate with partners that are dissimilar at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), it remains unknown whether they can use olfactory cues to assess MHC similarity with potential partners. (nature.com)
At the genetic level, the diversity of the major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) is an essential reference index for monitoring the rabbit scabies. (biomedcentral.com)
The virally encoded US2, US3, US6 and US11 gene products all interfere with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation. (kegg.jp)
MHC - Abbreviation for major histocompatibility complex, minor histocompatibility complex. (en-academic.com)

HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-30 alpha chain (HLA-A) is a recombinant protein expressed in E. coli. (hla-a.com)
HLA-DRA is one of the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. (abnova.com)

TAPBPR bridges UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 onto MHC class I to provide quality control in the antigen presentation pathway. (ox.ac.uk)

Applying immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody (MAb) W6/32 against a common framework determinant of HLA class I antigens revealed a deficient expression in 33.0% of the cases analysed, while neo-expression of either HLA class II antigens (MAb TAL.1B5) or ICAM-1 (MAb PA3.58-14) was observed in 26.4 or 29.7% of tumours, respectively. (eurekamag.com)
Using the J-strain of Xenopus and the anticlass II monoclonal antibody, 14A2, we have studied, by indirect immunofluorescence, whether inhibition of metamorphosis would alter the pattern of expression of class II antigens during ontogeny. (vumc.org)
Although tumor immunity and autoimmune neuronal degeneration in PCD correlates with a specific antibody response to the tumor and brain antigen cdr2, this humoral response has not been shown to be pathogenic. (nih.gov)
STAT4 Is Largely Dispensable for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-like Autoimmune- and Foreign Antigen-Driven Antibody-Forming Cell, Germinal Center, and Follicular Th Cell Responses. (cdc.gov)
When a B cell binds to the antigen, it cannot immediately produce the correct antibody. (thehealthboard.com)
The T-helper cell then produces a chemical that stimulates the B cell to produce the antibody specific to that antigen. (thehealthboard.com)
In the specific case of a blocking antibody, the antibody does not produce any visible reaction with the antigen. (thehealthboard.com)
Thus, a blocking antibody can prevent a harmful organism from infecting a host cell, because once the antigen is bound to the antibody it cannot bind to anything else. (thehealthboard.com)

Exploiting these parameters in MHC class I (MHC I) and MHC class II (MHC II) Ag presentation assays, we showed that receptor expression level, proportion of surface turnover, or speed of receptor internalization did not impact MHC I or MHC II Ag presentation efficiency. (edu.au)

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) signal through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to activate immune responses, but prolonged exposure to PAMPs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and other pathogens inhibits class II MHC (MHC-II) expression and Ag processing, which may allow MTB to evade CD4 + T cell immunity. (elsevier.com)

The HLA-B gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)

In a new study, researchers from Inserm, Université de Strasbourg and Strasbourg University Hospitals at Unit 1109 "Molecular Immunology and Rheumatology", and their partners from the Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx) Transplantex, report that the MICA gene is a new histocompatibility gene, in that it helps to better explain and predict the success or failure of a kidney transplant. (inserm.fr)
The MHC class I MICA gene is a histocompatibility antigen in kidney transplantation. (cdc.gov)

That TcR is what interacts with, say, a viral antigen, and what allows the T cell to respond in its specific and (hopefully) appropriate way. (iayork.com)
The expression or unmasking of the lichen planus antigen may be induced by drugs (lichenoid drug reaction), contact allergens in dental restorative materials or toothpastes (contact hypersensitivity reaction), mechanical trauma (Koebner phenomenon), viral infection, or other unidentified agents. (medscape.com)

This strategy could be used to develop more potent HCV vaccines that may contribute to the HCV elimination targets and paves the way for developing class II Ii vaccines against cancer and other infections. (ox.ac.uk)

Preclinical studies evaluating the fusion of Ii to antigens encoded in vector delivery systems have shown that this strategy may enhance T cell immune responses to the encoded antigen. (ox.ac.uk)
These invaders, including any substance that elicits a reaction from the immune system, are called antigens . (thehealthboard.com)

DO may serve to increase the threshold for nonspecific B cell activation, restricting class II-peptide binding to late endosomal compartments, thereby affecting the peptide repertoire. (ox.ac.uk)
Only antigens with an "optimal" stability are able to induce an allergic response on T-cell level. (frontiersin.org)
A superantigen (SAg, pink) is being presented by an antigen-presenting cell (bottom) to a T-cell (top). (genengnews.com)
Enhancement of MHC class I-restricted peptide-specific T cell induction by a DNA prime/MVA boost vaccination regime. (ox.ac.uk)
3) antisera to target cell H-2-coded products block lysis in both LDCC and ODCC, whereas antisera to other cell surface antigens do not. (aai.org)
Instead, it first degrades the antigen and presents it to a T-helper cell. (thehealthboard.com)

To reduce this risk, physicians are now able to look at a certain number of genetic and immunological parameters in order to evaluate the histocompatibility between donor and recipient - i.e. how compatible their organs and tissues are. (inserm.fr)
Genotyping and HLA allele data from 101 HLA-matched donor-recipient pairs (DRPs) were computationally analyzed to predict both class I and class II mHAs likely to induce either GVL or GVHD. (ashpublications.org)

Except for two reports on Lebanese immigrants, there have been no studies on the major histocompatibility [‎MHC]‎ antigens in the Lebanese population. (who.int)

Information on HLA antigens can be utilized to assess genetic risk in such disorders. (who.int)
Highly diverse and specific to each individual, this system makes it possible to assess the histocompatibility between donors and recipients - i.e. how compatible their organs and tissues are. (inserm.fr)

The HLA antigens are both polygenic and polymorphic, making it extremely unlikely that two unrelated individuals have the same HLA antigen combination. (renalandurologynews.com)

Anatomy32

Organisms14

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

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Named Groups1

Health Care3

Donor MHC and adhesion molecules in transplant arteriosclerosis. (1/5440)

A cytomegalovirus glycoprotein re-routes MHC class I complexes to lysosomes for degradation. (2/5440)

Reduced phosphorylation of p50 is responsible for diminished NF-kappaB binding to the major histocompatibility complex class I enhancer in adenovirus type 12-transformed cells. (3/5440)

Structure of CD94 reveals a novel C-type lectin fold: implications for the NK cell-associated CD94/NKG2 receptors. (4/5440)

Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent and Ehrlichia chaffeensis reside in different cytoplasmic compartments in HL-60 cells. (5/5440)

Human uterine lymphocytes. (6/5440)

Soluble HLA class I, HLA class II, and Fas ligand in blood components: a possible key to explain the immunomodulatory effects of allogeneic blood transfusions. (7/5440)

Natural variation of the expression of HLA and endogenous antigen modulates CTL recognition in an in vitro melanoma model. (8/5440)

Histocompatibility Antigens Class I

Minor Histocompatibility Antigens

Histocompatibility Antigens Class II

Histocompatibility Antigens

HLA Antigens

HLA-B Antigens

HLA-A Antigens

Ganglionectomy

Major Histocompatibility Complex

Minor Histocompatibility Loci

HLA-B35 Antigen

beta 2-Microglobulin

H-2 Antigens

Histocompatibility Testing

Alleles

T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic

Antigens

HLA-DR Antigens

HLA-D Antigens

H-Y Antigen

Histocompatibility

Genes, MHC Class II

HLA-DQ Antigens

T-Lymphocytes

Antigens, Neoplasm

Antigens, Surface

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Interferon-gamma

Epitopes

Gene Frequency

Antigens, Bacterial

Antigen Presentation

HLA-DQ beta-Chains

Amino Acid Sequence

Molecular Sequence Data

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic

HLA-B7 Antigen

HLA-DRB1 Chains

Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D

Mice, Inbred Strains

Isoantigens

Antigens, Viral

Cell Line

Lymphocyte Activation

Immunogenetics

Peptides

Isoantibodies

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Transplantation, Homologous

Transplantation Immunology

HLA-A2 Antigen

Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Skin Transplantation

HLA-B40 Antigen

Graft vs Host Disease

Beta-Globulins

HLA-DR Serological Subtypes

HLA-A1 Antigen

Histocompatibility, Maternal-Fetal

Flow Cytometry

HIV-1

Spleen

HLA-C Antigens

Graft vs Leukemia Effect

Lymphocytes

B-Lymphocytes

Graft vs Host Reaction

Base Sequence

Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed

Immune Tolerance

Clone Cells

Antigen-Presenting Cells

Graft Rejection

HLA-DP beta-Chains

Antigen-Antibody Reactions

Antigens, CD

Antigens, CD8