AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth Care
HindlimbMuscle, SkeletalIschemiaForelimbLocomotionNeovascularization, PhysiologicRegional Blood FlowDecerebrate StateMuscular AtrophyWeightlessness SimulationCatsSpinal CordLaser-Doppler FlowmetryAmputation StumpsRats, Sprague-DawleyExtremitiesCollateral CirculationElectromyographyCapillariesBiomechanical PhenomenaSpinal Cord InjuriesMotor NeuronsFemoral ArteryReflexPhysical Conditioning, AnimalElectric StimulationDisease Models, AnimalMuscle ContractionLimb BudsRats, WistarRecovery of FunctionLumbosacral RegionMuscle Fibers, Slow-TwitchTurtlesMuscle Fibers, Fast-TwitchMusclesSciatic NerveAfferent PathwaysMuscle Fibers, SkeletalWeight-BearingGaitTime FactorsMice, Inbred C57BLNeurons, AfferentMotor ActivityImmobilizationMuscular Disorders, AtrophicTarsus, AnimalPerfusionLameness, AnimalSpinocerebellar TractsMyosin Heavy ChainsPhysical ExertionLigationMuscle DenervationWeightlessnessOrgan SizeVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AEfferent PathwaysBlood PressureRunningPhysical StimulationAdaptation, Physiological
Hindlimb
Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)
Muscle, Skeletal
A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.
Forelimb
A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)
Locomotion
Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.
Neovascularization, Physiologic
The development of new BLOOD VESSELS during the restoration of BLOOD CIRCULATION during the healing process.
Regional Blood Flow
The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.
Decerebrate State
A condition characterized by abnormal posturing of the limbs that is associated with injury to the brainstem. This may occur as a clinical manifestation or induced experimentally in animals. The extensor reflexes are exaggerated leading to rigid extension of the limbs accompanied by hyperreflexia and opisthotonus. This condition is usually caused by lesions which occur in the region of the brainstem that lies between the red nuclei and the vestibular nuclei. In contrast, decorticate rigidity is characterized by flexion of the elbows and wrists with extension of the legs and feet. The causative lesion for this condition is located above the red nuclei and usually consists of diffuse cerebral damage. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p358)
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.
Weightlessness Simulation
Condition under normal Earth gravity where the force of gravity itself is not actually altered but its influence or effect may be modified and studied. (From ASGSB Bull 1992;5(2):27)
Cats
The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)
Spinal Cord
A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.
Laser-Doppler Flowmetry
A method of non-invasive, continuous measurement of MICROCIRCULATION. The technique is based on the values of the DOPPLER EFFECT of low-power laser light scattered randomly by static structures and moving tissue particulates.
Amputation Stumps
The part of a limb or tail following amputation that is proximal to the amputated section.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Extremities
The farthest or outermost projections of the body, such as the HAND and FOOT.
Collateral Circulation
Maintenance of blood flow to an organ despite obstruction of a principal vessel. Blood flow is maintained through small vessels.
Electromyography
Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.
Capillaries
The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules.
Biomechanical Phenomena
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).
Motor Neurons
Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.
Femoral Artery
The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.
Reflex
An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.
Physical Conditioning, Animal
Diet modification and physical exercise to improve the ability of animals to perform physical activities.
Electric Stimulation
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.
Limb Buds
Distinct regions of mesenchymal outgrowth at both flanks of an embryo during the SOMITE period. Limb buds, covered by ECTODERM, give rise to forelimb, hindlimb, and eventual functional limb structures. Limb bud cultures are used to study CELL DIFFERENTIATION; ORGANOGENESIS; and MORPHOGENESIS.
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Recovery of Function
A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.
Lumbosacral Region
Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.
Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch
Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type I MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have low ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment.
Turtles
Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch
Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified.
Muscles
Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.
Sciatic Nerve
A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.
Afferent Pathways
Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center.
Muscle Fibers, Skeletal
Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.
Weight-Bearing
The physical state of supporting an applied load. This often refers to the weight-bearing bones or joints that support the body's weight, especially those in the spine, hip, knee, and foot.
Gait
Manner or style of walking.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Neurons, Afferent
Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Motor Activity
The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.
Immobilization
The restriction of the MOVEMENT of whole or part of the body by physical means (RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL) or chemically by ANALGESIA, or the use of TRANQUILIZING AGENTS or NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS. It includes experimental protocols used to evaluate the physiologic effects of immobility.
Muscular Disorders, Atrophic
Disorders characterized by an abnormal reduction in muscle volume due to a decrease in the size or number of muscle fibers. Atrophy may result from diseases intrinsic to muscle tissue (e.g., MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY) or secondary to PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES that impair innervation to muscle tissue (e.g., MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL).
Tarsus, Animal
The region in the hindlimb of a quadruped, corresponding to the human ANKLE.
Perfusion
Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.
Lameness, Animal
A departure from the normal gait in animals.
Spinocerebellar Tracts
Fibers that arise from cell groups within the spinal cord and pass directly to the cerebellum. They include the anterior, posterior, and rostral spinocerebellar tracts, and the cuneocerebellar tract. (From Parent, Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy, 9th ed, p607)
Myosin Heavy Chains
The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.
Physical Exertion
Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.
Ligation
Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.
Muscle Denervation
The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue.
Weightlessness
Condition in which no acceleration, whether due to gravity or any other force, can be detected by an observer within a system. It also means the absence of weight or the absence of the force of gravity acting on a body. Microgravity, gravitational force between 0 and 10 -6 g, is included here. (From NASA Thesaurus, 1988)
Organ Size
The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
The original member of the family of endothelial cell growth factors referred to as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was originally isolated from tumor cells and referred to as "tumor angiogenesis factor" and "vascular permeability factor". Although expressed at high levels in certain tumor-derived cells it is produced by a wide variety of cell types. In addition to stimulating vascular growth and vascular permeability it may play a role in stimulating VASODILATION via NITRIC OXIDE-dependent pathways. Alternative splicing of the mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor A results in several isoforms of the protein being produced.
Efferent Pathways
Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. Such impulses are conducted via efferent neurons (NEURONS, EFFERENT), such as MOTOR NEURONS, autonomic neurons, and hypophyseal neurons.
Blood Pressure
PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
Running
An activity in which the body is propelled by moving the legs rapidly. Running is performed at a moderate to rapid pace and should be differentiated from JOGGING, which is performed at a much slower pace.
Physical Stimulation
Act of eliciting a response from a person or organism through physical contact.
Adaptation, Physiological
The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

Rescue of diabetes-related impairment of angiogenesis by intramuscular gene therapy with adeno-VEGF. (1/4207)

Diabetes is a major risk factor for coronary and peripheral artery diseases. Although diabetic patients often present with advanced forms of these diseases, it is not known whether the compensatory mechanisms to vascular ischemia are affected in this condition. Accordingly, we sought to determine whether diabetes could: 1) impair the development of new collateral vessel formation in response to tissue ischemia and 2) inhibit cytokine-induced therapeutic neovascularization. Hindlimb ischemia was created by femoral artery ligation in nonobese diabetic mice (NOD mice, n = 20) and in control C57 mice (n = 20). Hindlimb perfusion was evaluated by serial laser Doppler studies after the surgery. In NOD mice, measurement of the Doppler flow ratio between the ischemic and the normal limb indicated that restoration of perfusion in the ischemic hindlimb was significantly impaired. At day 14 after surgery, Doppler flow ratio in the NOD mice was 0.49+/-0.04 versus 0.73+/-0.06 for the C57 mice (P< or =0.005). This impairment in blood flow recovery persisted throughout the duration of the study with Doppler flow ratio values at day 35 of 0.50+/-0.05 versus 0.90+/-0.07 in the NOD and C57 mice, respectively (P< or =0.001). CD31 immunostaining confirmed the laser Doppler data by showing a significant reduction in capillary density in the NOD mice at 35 days after surgery (302+/-4 capillaries/mm2 versus 782+/-78 in C57 mice (P< or =0.005). The reduction in neovascularization in the NOD mice was the result of a lower level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the ischemic tissues, as assessed by Northern blot, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The central role of VEGF was confirmed by showing that normal levels of neovascularization (compared with C57) could be achieved in NOD mice that had been supplemented for this growth factor via intramuscular injection of an adenoviral vector encoding for VEGF. We conclude that 1) diabetes impairs endogenous neovascularization of ischemic tissues; 2) the impairment in new blood vessel formation results from reduced expression of VEGF; and 3) cytokine supplementation achieved by intramuscular adeno-VEGF gene transfer restores neovascularization in a mouse model of diabetes.  (+info)

Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 correct osteopetrosis in mice with osteopetrosis mutation. (2/4207)

Although young mice homozygous for the osteopetrosis (op) mutation usually developed prominent osteopetrosis, its severity was markedly reduced in aged op/op mice. This age-associated reversal of osteopetrosis was accompanied by the expansion of bone marrow cavities and increased numbers of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells and of macrophages in the bone marrow. The TRAP-positive cells were mononuclear and developed ruffled borders and numerous vesicles, vacuoles, and granules. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated a significant elevation of serum granulocyte/ macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-3 levels in the aged op/op mice. To examine whether GM-CSF and/or IL-3 could correct osteopetrosis in young op/op mice, 5 ng of recombinant murine (rm)GM-CSF and/or 100 ng of rmIL-3 were injected daily into young op/op mice. In these treated young op/op mice, the bone marrow cavities were expanded significantly at 2 weeks after administration, associated with significantly increased numbers of TRAP-positive cells and bone marrow macrophages. TRAP-positive cells increased in number with days after injection. These results suggest that GM-CSF and IL-3 induce the development of osteoclasts to correct osteopetrosis in the op/op mice with aging.  (+info)

Specific and innervation-regulated expression of the intermediate filament protein nestin at neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions in skeletal muscle. (3/4207)

The intermediate filament proteins nestin, vimentin, and desmin show a specific temporal expression pattern during the development of myofibers from myogenic precursor cells. Nestin and vimentin are actively expressed during early developmental stages to be later down-regulated, vimentin completely and nestin to minimal levels, whereas desmin expression begins later and is maintained in mature myofibers, in which desmin participates in maintaining structural integrity. In this study we have analyzed the expression levels and distribution pattern of nestin in intact and denervated muscle in rat and in human. Nestin immunoreactivity was specifically and focally localized in the sarcoplasm underneath neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and in the vicinity of the myotendinous junctions (MTJs), ie, in regions associated with acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). This association prompted us to analyze nestin in neurogenically and myogenically denervated muscle. Immunoblot analysis disclosed a marked overall increase of accumulated nestin protein. Similar to the extrajunctional redistribution of AChRs in denervated myofibers, nestin immunoreactivity extended widely beyond the NMJ region. Re-innervation caused complete reversion of these changes. Our study demonstrates that the expression levels and distribution pattern of nestin are regulated by innervation, ie, signal transduction into myofibers.  (+info)

The mechanism of the increasing action of TA-993, a new 1,5- benzothiazepine derivative, on limb blood flow in anesthetized dogs: selective suppression of sympathetic nerve activity. (4/4207)

TA-993, (-)-cis-3-acetoxy-5-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-2, 3-di-hydro-8-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)one maleate, a new 1,5-benzothiazepine derivative with l-cis configuration, has a unique and selective increasing action on limb blood flow with little influence on arterial pressure besides an antiplatelet action. We studied the mechanism of increasing action of TA-993 on limb blood flow in anesthetized dogs. In a canine blood-perfused hindlimb preparation with a donor dog, TA-993 (100 microg/kg i.v.) did not increase femoral blood flow when administered to the donor dog, but did when administered to a recipient dog. TA-993 did not show the increasing action on femoral blood flow in the presence of hexamethonium or phentolamine, whereas it did in the presence of propranolol or atropine. TA-993 also showed a weak increasing effect on heart rate, which was inhibited by any one of these blockers. TA-993 (300 microg/kg i.v.) did not alter the phenylephrine (1-100 ng/kg i.a.)- or the talipexole (3-100 ng/kg i.a.)-induced increase in perfusion pressure in an autoperfused hindlimb. These results suggest that the increasing action of TA-993 on limb blood flow is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system but that the adrenergic receptors are not likely to be the central point of action of this new agent. There is a possibility that the mechanism of the increasing action on heart rate is different from that of its increasing action on limb blood flow.  (+info)

The contribution of extraneuronal uptake to the trachea-blood vessel selectivity of beta-adrenoceptor stimulants in vitro in guinea-pigs. (5/4207)

1 The potencies relative to isoprenaline of isoetharine, tertiary butyl noradrenaline, salbutamol, orciprenaline, Me 506, rimiterol, fenoterol, carbuterol and terbutaline on isolated preparations of guinea-pig trachea and blood vessels (perfused hind limb) were determined. All the compounds were selective for trachea and selectivity values, i.e. relative potency on trachea divided by relative potency on hind limb, ranged from 2.3 to 21.4. 2 Responses to isoprenaline (the reference compound), tertiary butyl noradrenaline and isoetharine were potentiated on trachea by 50 muM phenoxybenzamine (PHB) and by other inhibitors of extraneuronal uptake (ENU). Under these conditions the selectivity values of all the compounds was close to unity. 3 Selectivity values were also close to unity if they were calculated from data obtained without ENU inhibition, provided that only those compounds not potentiated by PHB on trachea were used. 4 It is proposed that the trachea-blood vessel selectivity shown by beta-adrenoceptor stimulants can be caused by the influence of ENU upon them, rather than by their ability to distinguish between two beta2-adrenoceptors. 5 The suggestion that differences exist between beta2-adrenoceptors in respiratory and vascular smooth muscle is not supported by the in vitro experiments described.  (+info)

Source of inappropriate receptive fields in cortical somatotopic maps from rats that sustained neonatal forelimb removal. (6/4207)

Previously this laboratory demonstrated that forelimb removal at birth in rats results in the invasion of the cuneate nucleus by sciatic nerve axons and the development of cuneothalamic cells with receptive fields that include both the forelimb-stump and the hindlimb. However, unit-cluster recordings from primary somatosensory cortex (SI) of these animals revealed few sites in the forelimb-stump representation where responses to hindlimb stimulation also could be recorded. Recently we reported that hindlimb inputs to the SI forelimb-stump representation are suppressed functionally in neonatally amputated rats and that GABAergic inhibition is involved in this process. The present study was undertaken to assess the role that intracortical projections from the SI hindlimb representation may play in the functional reorganization of the SI forelimb-stump field in these animals. The SI forelimb-stump representation was mapped during gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-receptor blockade, both before and after electrolytic destruction of the SI hindlimb representation. Analysis of eight amputated rats showed that 75.8% of 264 stump recording sites possessed hindlimb receptive fields before destruction of the SI hindlimb. After the lesions, significantly fewer sites (13.2% of 197) were responsive to hindlimb stimulation (P < 0.0001). Electrolytic destruction of the SI lower-jaw representation in four additional control rats with neonatal forelimb amputation did not significantly reduce the percentage of hindlimb-responsive sites in the SI stump field during GABA-receptor blockade (P = 0.98). Similar results were obtained from three manipulated rats in which the SI hindlimb representation was silenced temporarily with a local cobalt chloride injection. Analysis of response latencies to sciatic nerve stimulation in the hindlimb and forelimb-stump representations suggested that the intracortical pathway(s) mediating the hindlimb responses in the forelimb-stump field may be polysynaptic. The mean latency to sciatic nerve stimulation at responsive sites in the GABA-receptor blocked SI stump representation of neonatally amputated rats was significantly longer than that for recording sites in the hindlimb representation [26.3 +/- 8.1 (SD) ms vs. 10.8 +/- 2.4 ms, respectively, P < 0.0001]. These results suggest that hindlimb input to the SI forelimb-stump representation detected in GABA-blocked cortices of neonatally forelimb amputated rats originates primarily from the SI hindlimb representation.  (+info)

Role of the Bicoid-related homeodomain factor Pitx1 in specifying hindlimb morphogenesis and pituitary development. (7/4207)

Pitx1 is a Bicoid-related homeodomain factor that exhibits preferential expression in the hindlimb, as well as expression in the developing anterior pituitary gland and first branchial arch. Here, we report that Pitx1 gene-deleted mice exhibit striking abnormalities in morphogenesis and growth of the hindlimb, resulting in a limb that exhibits structural changes in tibia and fibula as well as patterning alterations in patella and proximal tarsus, to more closely resemble the corresponding forelimb structures. Deletion of the Pitx1 locus results in decreased distal expression of the hindlimb-specific marker, the T-box factor, Tbx4. On the basis of similar expression patterns in chick, targeted misexpression of chick Pitx1 in the developing wing bud causes the resulting limb to assume altered digit number and morphogenesis, with Tbx4 induction. We hypothesize that Pitx1 serves to critically modulate morphogenesis, growth, and potential patterning of a specific hindlimb region, serving as a component of the morphological and growth distinctions in forelimb and hindlimb identity. Pitx1 gene-deleted mice also exhibit reciprocal abnormalities of two ventral and one dorsal anterior pituitary cell types, presumably on the basis of its synergistic functions with other transcription factors, and defects in the derivatives of the first branchial arch, including cleft palate, suggesting a proliferative defect in these organs analogous to that observed in the hindlimb.  (+info)

Trigeminal and carotid body inputs controlling vascular resistance in muscle during post-contraction hyperaemia in cats. (8/4207)

1. In anaesthetized cats, the effects of stimulation of the receptors in the nasal mucosa and carotid body chemoreceptors on vascular resistance in hindlimb skeletal muscle were studied to see whether the responses were the same in active as in resting muscle. The measurements of vascular resistance were taken, first, in resting muscle, and second, in the immediate post-contraction hyperaemic phase that followed a 30 s period of isometric contractions. 2. Stimulation of the receptors in the nasal mucosa caused reflex apnoea and vasoconstriction in muscle. The latter response was attenuated when the test was repeated during post-contraction hyperaemia. 3. Stimulations of the carotid bodies were made during a period of apnoea evoked reflexly by electrical stimulation of both superior laryngeal nerves. This apnoea prevented any effects of changes in respiration on the carotid body reflex vascular responses. Stimulation of the carotid bodies evoked hindlimb muscle vasoconstriction. In the post-contraction hyperaemic period, the response was reduced or abolished. A similar attenuation of the reflex vasoconstrictor responses occurred in decentralized muscles stimulated through their motor roots in the cauda equina. 4. Evidence is presented that the attenuation of the vasoconstrictor responses evoked by the two reflexes is a phenomenon localized to the contracting muscles themselves resulting from an interaction between sympathetic neuronal activity and the local production of metabolites. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the metabolic needs of tissues in relation to asphyxial defence mechanisms such as occur in the diving response.  (+info)

Supplementary Material from The impact of pelvic lateral rotation on hindlimb kinematics and stride length in the red-legged...Supplementary Material from The impact of pelvic lateral rotation on hindlimb kinematics and stride length in the red-legged...
Supplementary Material from The impact of pelvic lateral rotation on hindlimb kinematics and stride length in the red-legged running frog, Kassina ...
https://research.tees.ac.uk/en/datasets/supplementary-material-from-the-impact-of-pelvic-lateral-rotation-3/publications/?ordering=type&descending=false
Protective effects of exercise preconditioning on hindlimb unloading-induced atrophy of rat soleus muscle<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Protective effects of exercise preconditioning on hindlimb unloading-induced atrophy of rat soleus muscle. AU - Fujino, H.. AU - Ishihara, A.. AU - Murakami, S.. AU - Yasuhara, T.. AU - Kondo, H.. AU - Mohri, S.. AU - Takeda, I.. AU - Roy, R. R.. PY - 2009/9. Y1 - 2009/9. N2 - Aim: A chronic decrease in the activation and loading levels of skeletal muscles as occurs with hindlimb unloading (HU) results in a number of detrimental changes. Several proteolytic pathways are involved with an increase in myofibrillar protein degradation associated with HU. Exercise can be used to counter this increase in proteolytic activity and, thus, may be able to protect against some of the detrimental changes associated with chronic decreased use. The purpose of the present study was to determine the potential of a single bout of preconditioning endurance exercise in attenuating the effects of 2 weeks of HU on the mass, phenotype and force-related properties of the soleus muscle in adult rats. ...
https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/protective-effects-of-exercise-preconditioning-on-hindlimb-unload
Estrogen deficiency attenuates neovascularization in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Estrogen deficiency attenuates neovascularization in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. AU - Matsubara, Kentaro. AU - Harada, Hirohisa. AU - Ando, Nobutoshi. AU - Watada, Susumu. AU - Obara, Hideaki. AU - Matsumoto, Kenji. AU - Kitagawa, Yuukou. PY - 2012/12. Y1 - 2012/12. N2 - Background: The possible relation between menopause and the development of peripheral arterial disease, especially lower extremity disease, has not been fully studied. To explore this issue, we investigated whether estrogen deficiency affected neovascularization in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. Methods: Ischemia was surgically induced in one hindlimb of oophorectomized and control female BALB/c mice. Neovascularization in the ischemic hindlimbs was evaluated using laser Doppler blood flow analysis and capillary density analysis of the adductor muscle. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein in the adductor muscle of the ischemic hindlimbs was assessed. Results: The plasma 17-β ...
https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/estrogen-deficiency-attenuates-neovascularization-in-a-murine-mod
Therapeutic Neovascularization Using Cord Blood-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Diabetic Neuropathy | DiabetesTherapeutic Neovascularization Using Cord Blood-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Diabetic Neuropathy | Diabetes
The present study first demonstrates that ex vivo cell therapy, consisting of culture-expanded EPC transplantation, may be a novel therapy for diabetic neuropathy. The transplantation of cord blood-derived EPCs into unilateral hindlimb skeletal muscles reversed the impairment of sciatic MNCV and SNBF in the EPC-injected side of diabetic animal. The immunohistological study revealed that the number of the vessels was increased in the EPC-injected side of hindlimb skeletal muscle.. After the discovery of EPCs in adult peripheral blood in 1997, many experimental studies revealed that EPCs have a potent ability for neovascularization and that the transplantation of EPCs improves ischemic tissue (11,17). Because EPCs exist in bone marrow and cord blood and small percentages are found in peripheral blood, clinical trials of the transplantation of MNCs from bone marrow or peripheral blood were performed for the treatment of ischemic diseases. The Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Cell Transplantation ...
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/54/6/1823?cited-by=yes&legid=diabetes%3B54%2F6%2F1823
Asian Science Citation Index - Articles written by Y KawashimaAsian Science Citation Index - Articles written by Y Kawashima
Objective- Recent clinical studies of therapeutic neovascularization using angiogenic growth factors demonstrated smaller therapeutic effects than those reported in animal experiments. We hypothesized that nanoparticle (NP)-mediated cell-selective delivery of statins to vascular endothelium would more effectively and integratively induce therapeutic neovascularization.. Methods and Results- In a murine hindlimb ischemia model, intramuscular injection of biodegradable polymeric NP resulted in cell-selective delivery of NP into the capillary and arteriolar endothelium of ischemic muscles for up to 2 weeks postinjection. NP-mediated statin delivery significantly enhanced recovery of blood perfusion to the ischemic limb, increased angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, and promoted expression of the protein kinase Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and angiogenic growth factors. These effects were blocked in mice administered a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, or in eNOS-deficient ...
https://scialert.net/asci/author.php?ascicat=ALL&author=Y&last=Kawashima
Mechanisms Underlying the Impairment of Ischemia-Induced Neovascularization in Matrix Metalloproteinase 2-Deficient Mice |...Mechanisms Underlying the Impairment of Ischemia-Induced Neovascularization in Matrix Metalloproteinase 2-Deficient Mice |...
The present study used a gene-targeting strategy to establish a novel role for EC-derived MMP-2 in neovascularization. We provided both in vitro and in vivo evidence that MMP-2 promotes the migratory and angiogenic capacity of cultured aortic EC and BM-derived EPC-like c-Kit+ cells and further neovessel growth. In line with recent studies indicating that certain MMPs are involved in EPC mobilization, our data underscore the critical role of MMP-2 in EPC mobilization into the circulation to support ischemia-induced neovascularization. The mechanisms underlying the impairment of ischemia-induced neovascularization in MMP-2-deficient mice are schematically represented in supplemental Figure X.. The capillary density, collateral artery, and blood flow in the ischemic tissues were much lower in MMP-2−/− mice than in MMP-2+/+ mice, despite the compensatory increase of MMP-9 expression and its activity and TIMP-1 expression. This suggested that endogenous MMP-2 contributes to ischemia-induced ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/100/6/904
Adrenomedullin Enhances Angiogenic Potency of Bone Marrow Transplantation in a Rat Model of Hindlimb Ischemia | CirculationAdrenomedullin Enhances Angiogenic Potency of Bone Marrow Transplantation in a Rat Model of Hindlimb Ischemia | Circulation
In the present study, we demonstrated in vivo that AM infusion or MNC transplantation alone induced angiogenesis in a rat model of hindlimb ischemia, the combination of AM infusion and MNC transplantation enhanced MNC-induced angiogenesis, and AM increased the number of MNC-derived vWF-positive cells and generated α-SMA-positive vascular structures. We also demonstrated in vitro that AM inhibited serum starvation-induced MNC apoptosis, promoted MNC adhesiveness to an HUVEC monolayer, increased the number of MNC-derived EPCs, and stimulated SMC migration.. MNC transplantation causes therapeutic angiogenesis by supplying EPCs and multiple angiogenic cytokines such as VEGF.3,4 The present study showed that local infusion of AM significantly increased blood perfusion and capillary density in ischemic hindlimb muscle. Furthermore, a combination of AM infusion and MNC transplantation significantly increased blood perfusion and capillary density of the ischemic hindlimb compared with MNC ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/111/3/356
NADPH oxidase 2 regulates bone marrow microenvironment following hindlimb ischemia: Role in reparative mobilization of...
TY - JOUR. T1 - NADPH oxidase 2 regulates bone marrow microenvironment following hindlimb ischemia. T2 - Role in reparative mobilization of progenitor cells. AU - Urao, Norifumi. AU - McKinney, Ronald D.. AU - Fukai, Tohru. AU - Ushio-Fukai, Masuko. PY - 2012/5/1. Y1 - 2012/5/1. N2 - Bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, which is regulated by hypoxia and proteolytic enzymes, is crucial for stem/progenitor cell function and mobilization involved in postnatal neovascularization. We demonstrated that NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in postischemic mobilization of BM cells and revascularization. However, role of Nox2 in regulating BM microenvironment in response to ischemic injury remains unknown. Here, we show that hindlimb ischemia of mice increases ROS production in both the endosteal and central region of BM tissue in situ, which is almost completely abolished in Nox2 knockout (KO) mice. This Nox2-dependent ROS production is mainly derived from Gr-1+myeloid ...
https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/nadph-oxidase-2-regulates-bone-marrow-microenvironment-following-
Autologous pump-perfused rat hind limb preparation for investigating m by Gregory E. Peoples, Andrew Hoy et al.Autologous pump-perfused rat hind limb preparation for investigating m by Gregory E. Peoples, Andrew Hoy et al.
Objective Oxygen delivery, underpinned by vascular tone, is the principle limiting factor in the study of skeletal muscle physiology, particularly during muscle contraction. The aim of this study was to develop an autologous perfused rat hind limb preparation for the study of skeletal muscle contractile function. Methods Adult Wistar rats were surgically prepared using a by-pass system for pump-controlled arterial blood flow to, and venous return from the hind limb during periods of quiescence and twitch contraction of the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle bundle. Results During rest, hind limb perfusion pressure (102 ± 5 mmHg) was not different to systemic arterial pressure (99 ± 4 mmHg). Hind limb pressure was responsive to vasoconstrictors and vasodilators (±50 mmHg). The arterial PO2 (100 ± 3 mmHg), O2 saturation, and acid-base balance (pH: 7.42 ± 0.01) contributed to resting hind limb (a-v)O2 difference (4.8 ± 0.5 mL/100 mL) and VO2 (0.31 ± 0.03 μmol/g/min wet weight). Repetitive
http://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/1024/
Most recent papers with the keyword HIF | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword HIF | Read by QxMD
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been increasingly tested in cell-based therapy to treat numerous diseases. Genetic modification to improve MSC behavior may enhance posttransplantation outcome. This study aims to test the potential therapeutic benefits of rat bone marrow MSCs overexpressing hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (rMSCsHIF-2α ) in a rat hindlimb ischemia model. PBS, rMSCs, or rMSCsHIF-2α were injected into rat ischemic hindlimb. Compared with the injection of PBS or rMSCs, transplantation of rMSCsHIF-2α significantly improved blood perfusion, increased the number of vessel branches in the muscle of the ischemic hindlimb, and improved the foot mobility of the ischemic hindlimb (all P , 0 ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/18115
Canine Hindlimb Muscles Quiz - By Kirkypls42Canine Hindlimb Muscles Quiz - By Kirkypls42
Canine Hindlimb Muscles Test your knowledge on this science quiz to see how you do and compare your score to others. Quiz by Kirkypls42
https://www.sporcle.com/games/Kirkypls42/canine-hindlimb-muscles
Abstract 3423: Monocyte Labeling and Tracking with Perfluorocarbon Nanobeacons for Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Mouse Hind Limb...Abstract 3423: Monocyte Labeling and Tracking with Perfluorocarbon Nanobeacons for Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Mouse Hind Limb...
Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM MNC), specifically monocytic cells, can augment new blood vessel formation in a hind limb ischemia model of angiogenesis. Approaches to track the activity of such cells in vivo with MRI have employed labeling with ferrous compounds to provide MR contrast effects. We propose a new labeling method utilizing perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (PFC NP) that avoids the ubiquitous background water signal and the susceptibility artifact that accompanies iron oxide particles, and also allows quantification of the signal to determine nanoparticle concentration,. The advantage of PFC NP is their inherent fluorine signal that can be analyzed using 19F MR imaging and spectroscopy. BM MNCs isolated from the femur and tibia of donor mice were labeled in 6 hours without the use of transfection agents and without detriment to viability (,95% via dye exclusion). Analysis by flow cytometry showed that the PFC NP labeling efficiency for the Gr-1+ cells and CD11b+ cells (both monocytic ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/116/Suppl_16/II_773.4
Advances in Pulsed Doppler Methods for Peripheral Perfusion Imaging<...Advances in Pulsed Doppler Methods for Peripheral Perfusion Imaging<...
TY - GEN. T1 - Advances in Pulsed Doppler Methods for Peripheral Perfusion Imaging. AU - Insana, Michael F.. AU - Zhu, Yang. AU - Kim, Min Woo. AU - Dobrucki, L. Wawrzyniec. PY - 2019/10. Y1 - 2019/10. N2 - We report on methods for imaging blood perfusion in peripheral skeletal muscle tissues without exogenous contrast enhancement. The ultimate goal is to provide new tools for monitoring the development and treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in diabetic patients. Sparse ultrasonic pulse-echo acquisitions are arranged into 3-D echo data arrays. Each array is decomposed using higher-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) methods to uncouple echo sources for clutter filtering before signal power is mapped into power Doppler (PD) images. This method enables further segmentation of the blood-echo power into flow maps covering non-overlapping velocity ranges. Our method is compared with other imaging modalities that together assess the recovery in a murine hindlimb ischemia model of ...
https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/advances-in-pulsed-doppler-methods-for-peripheral-perfusion-imagi
Role of nox2-based NADPH 0xidase in bone marrow and progenitor cell function involved in neovascularization induced by hindlimb...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Role of nox2-based NADPH 0xidase in bone marrow and progenitor cell function involved in neovascularization induced by hindlimb ischemia. AU - Urao, Norifumi. AU - Inomata, Hyoe. AU - Razvi, Masooma. AU - Kim, Ha Won. AU - Wary, Kishore. AU - McKinney, Ronald. AU - Fukai, Tohru. AU - Ushio-Fukai, Masuko. PY - 2008/7/18. Y1 - 2008/7/18. N2 - Bone marrow (BM) is the major reservoir for endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Postnatal neovascularization depends on not only angiogenesis but also vasculogenesis, which is mediated through mobilization of EPCs from BM and their recruitment to the ischemic sites. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from Nox2-based NADPH oxidase play an important role in postnatal neovascularization; however, their role in BM and EPC function is unknown. Here we show that hindlimb ischemia of mice significantly increases Nox2 expression and ROS production in BM-mononuclear cells (BMCs), which is associated with an increase in circulating EPC-like cells. ...
https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/role-of-nox2-based-nadph-0xidase-in-bone-marrow-and-progenitor-ce
Detection of extracellular genomic DNA scaffold in human thrombus: Implications for the use of deoxyribonuclease enzymes in...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Detection of extracellular genomic DNA scaffold in human thrombus. T2 - Implications for the use of deoxyribonuclease enzymes in thrombolysis. AU - Oklu, Rahmi. AU - Albadawi, Hassan. AU - Watkins, Michael T.. AU - Monestier, Marc. AU - Sillesen, Martin. AU - Wicky, Stephan. PY - 2012/5. Y1 - 2012/5. N2 - Purpose: Mechanisms underlying transition of a thrombus susceptible to tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) fibrinolysis to one that is resistant is unclear. Demonstration of a new possible thrombus scaffold may open new avenues of research in thrombolysis and may provide mechanistic insight into thrombus remodeling. Materials and Methods: Ten human thrombus samples were collected during cases of thrombectomy and open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (five samples , 3 d old and five samples , 1 y old). Additionally, an acute murine hindlimb ischemia model was created to evaluate thrombus samples in mice. Human sections were immunostained for the H2A/H2B/DNA complex, ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/detection-of-extracellular-genomic-dna-scaffold-in-human-thrombus
Femoral Artery | Profiles RNS
Lee CW, Stabile E, Kinnaird T, Shou M, Devaney JM, Epstein SE, Burnett MS. Temporal patterns of gene expression after acute hindlimb ischemia in mice: insights into the genomic program for collateral vessel development. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 Feb 04; 43(3):474-82 ...
https://profiles.ctsicn.org/display/27526
Real Dog Hindlimb - (Incomplete) For Sale - Skulls Unlimited International, Inc.
The domestic dog is believed to be a direct descendant from modern wolves. Dogs have been bred as pets for thousands of years with the earliest known domestication taking place as long as 12,000 years ago. Today, dogs serve man in many ways: as guides, search and rescue, for hunting purposes, to sniff out drugs or othe
https://www.skullsunlimited.com/products/real-incomplete-dog-hind-leg
Volume 4.50 | Dec 20 - Cord Blood News
Three-Dimensional Cell Aggregates Composed of HUVECs and cbMSCs for Therapeutic Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Hindlimb Ischemia
https://www.cordbloodresearchnews.com/issue/volume-4-50-dec-20/
MicroRNA-132/212 family enhances arteriogenesis after hindlimb ischaemia through modulation of the Ras-MAPK pathwayMicroRNA-132/212 family enhances arteriogenesis after hindlimb ischaemia through modulation of the Ras-MAPK pathway
A free platform for explaining your research in plain language, and managing how you communicate around it - so you can understand how best to increase its impact.
https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1111%25252Fjcmm.12586/reader
1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-propionylamino)benzoyl-4-(N-methyl-2-phenylethyl)aminopiperidine Summary Report | CureHunter1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-propionylamino)benzoyl-4-(N-methyl-2-phenylethyl)aminopiperidine Summary Report | CureHunter
1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-propionylamino)benzoyl-4-(N-methyl-2-phenylethyl)aminopiperidine: a canine hindlimb vasodilator; structure in first source
http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC476136-1--3-5-dimethyl-4-propionylamino-benzoyl-4--N-methyl-2-phenylethyl-aminopiperidine.do
Hind-limb function indicated a progressive decline in f | Open-iHind-limb function indicated a progressive decline in f | Open-i
Hind-limb function indicated a progressive decline in function of ischemia-reperfusion IR controls. The scores of Sham group at the same time point were higher
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4487342_OMCL2015-624819.001&req=4
Study. U251 cells (56106) were injected into the right hind flank subcutaneously. | PI4KInhibitor pi4kinhibitor.com
Study. U251 cells (56106) were injected into the right hind flank subcutaneously. When the tumors reached a volume of ,150 mm3 they were randomized into one of
http://www.pi4kinhibitor.com/2017/09/25/study-u251-cells-56106-were-injected-into-the-right-hind-flank-subcutaneously/
The impact of pelvic lateral rotation on hindlimb kinematics and stride-length in the red-legged running frog, Kassina maculata...The impact of pelvic lateral rotation on hindlimb kinematics and stride-length in the red-legged running frog, Kassina maculata...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The impact of pelvic lateral rotation on hindlimb kinematics and stride-length in the red-legged running frog, Kassina maculata. AU - Collings, Amber. AU - Porro, Laura. AU - Hill, Cameron. AU - Richards, Christopher T.. PY - 2019/5/8. Y1 - 2019/5/8. N2 - Some frog species, such as Kassina maculata (red-legged running frog), use an asynchronous walking/running gait as their primary locomotor mode. Prior comparative anatomy work has suggested that lateral rotation of the pelvis improves walking performance by increasing hindlimb stride length; however, this hypothesis has never been tested. Using non-invasive methods, experimental high-speed video data collected from eight animals were used to create two three-dimensional kinematic models. These models, each fixed to alternative local anatomical reference frames, were used to investigate the hypothesis that lateral rotation of the mobile ilio-sacral joint in the anuran pelvis plays a propulsive role in walking locomotion by ...
https://research.tees.ac.uk/en/publications/the-impact-of-pelvic-lateral-rotation-on-hindlimb-kinematics-and--2
Impairment in Postischemic Neovascularization in Mice Lacking the CXC Chemokine Receptor 3 | Circulation ResearchImpairment in Postischemic Neovascularization in Mice Lacking the CXC Chemokine Receptor 3 | Circulation Research
The main result of this study is that CXCR3 expression positively modulates ischemia-induced neovascularization, likely through modulation of inflammatory cell infiltration within the ischemic area. This study also extends previous results on the role of MCP-1 in this process and shows a significant impairment in postischemic neovascularization in MCP-1-deficient mice.. Classically, inflammatory cells have been shown to promote neovascularization through various mechanisms, including production of angiogenic factors, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and increased matrix degradation.7-9 LPS-induced monocyte accumulation promotes vessel growth, whereas absence of macrophages is associated with a deficient neovascularization response.10,11 A specific role of T cells in this setting was also suggested in Nude mice and in CD4-deficient mice, which exhibit a marked reduction in the angiogenic/arteriogenic process.4,5 In this study, we showed that CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL-10 and CXCL-9 were ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/96/5/576
A transgenic rat expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in peripheral nerves provides a new hindlimb model for the study of...A transgenic rat expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in peripheral nerves provides a new hindlimb model for the study of...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A transgenic rat expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in peripheral nerves provides a new hindlimb model for the study of nerve injury and regeneration. AU - Moore, Amy M.. AU - Borschel, Gregory H.. AU - Santosa, Katherine B.. AU - Flagg, Eric R.. AU - Tong, Alice Y.. AU - Kasukurthi, Rahul. AU - Newton, Piyaraj. AU - Yan, Ying. AU - Hunter, Daniel A.. AU - Johnson, Philip J.. AU - Mackinnon, Susan E.. PY - 2012/2/1. Y1 - 2012/2/1. N2 - Background: In order to evaluate nerve regeneration in clinically relevant hindlimb surgical paradigms not feasible in fluorescent mice models, we developed a rat that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) in neural tissue. Methods: Transgenic Sprague-Dawley rat lines were created using pronuclear injection of a transgene expressing GFP under the control of the thy1 gene. Nerves were imaged under fluorescence microscopy and muscles were imaged with confocal microscopy to determine GFP expression following sciatic nerve crush, ...
https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/publications/a-transgenic-rat-expressing-green-fluorescent-protein-gfp-in-peri
Arteriogenic therapy based on simultaneous delivery of VEGF-A and FGF4 genes improves the recovery from acute limb ischemia |...Arteriogenic therapy based on simultaneous delivery of VEGF-A and FGF4 genes improves the recovery from acute limb ischemia |...
Gene therapy stimulating the growth of blood vessels is considered for the treatment of peripheral and myocardial ischemia. Here we aimed to achieve angiogenic synergism between vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A, VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) in murine normoperfused and ischemic limb muscles. Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) carrying β-galactosidase gene (AAV-LacZ), VEGF-A (AAV-VEGF-A) or two angiogenic genes (AAV-FGF4-IRES-VEGF-A) were injected into the normo-perfused adductor muscles of C57Bl/6 mice. Moreover, in a different experiment, mice were subjected to unilateral hindlimb ischemia by femoral artery ligation followed by intramuscular injections of AAV-LacZ, AAV-VEGF-A or AAV-FGF4-IRES-VEGF-A below the site of ligation. Post-ischemic blood flow recovery was assessed sequentially by color laser Doppler. Mice were monitored for 28 days. VEGF-A delivered alone (AAV-VEGF-A) or in combination with FGF4 (AAV-FGF4-IRES-VEGF-A) increased the number of capillaries in normo
https://vascularcell.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-824X-5-13
Ischemia-induced inflammation is increased and satellite-cell activation is decreased in TNFR2/P75 knockout hindlimb ischemia...Ischemia-induced inflammation is increased and satellite-cell activation is decreased in TNFR2/P75 knockout hindlimb ischemia...
OBJECTIVE: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in mediating inflammatory and immunological responses. TNF-α has been shown to elicit both beneficial and detrimental biological effects by acting through its two receptors, TNFR1/p55 and TNFR2/p75. Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that TNF-TNFR2/p75 signaling plays a critical role in ischemia-induced neovascularization in muscle and heart tissues. However, the role of TNF-TNFR2/p75 signaling in ischemia induced inflammation and muscle regeneration remains to be characterized. METHODS: To evaluate ischemia induced inflammation responses, young wild type (WT) and young TNFR2/p75 knockout (p75KO) mice were subjected to unilateral hind limb ischemia (HLI) surgery. Operated hind limb tissue samples were collected at 1, 3, 7, and 10 days post-HLI surgery and studied for neutrophil (myeloperoxidase-1 positive cells) and macrophage (F4/80 positive cells) infiltration ...
https://open.bu.edu/handle/2144/14676
Plus it
Subcutaneous infusion of ANG II at 450, but not 150, ng·kg−1·min−1 for 14 days elevated baseline MAP compared with sham rats. We found that RSNA and pressor responses to continuous contraction and the RSNA response to intermittent contraction were significantly larger in ANGII450 rats than those in sham rats. We also found that, in ANGII450 rats, intra-arterial injection into the hindlimb circulation of tempol, a membrane-permeable SOD mimetic, reduced RSNA, arterial pressure, and HR responses to continuous contraction as well as the RSNA response to intermittent contraction. Tiron, another SOD mimetic, mirrored the effect of tempol; intra-arterial injection of Tiron into the hindlimb circulation reduced RSNA and pressor responses to continuous contraction of the hindlimb muscles of hypertensive rats. In sham and ANGII150 rats, on the other hand, tempol injected intra-arterially did not modulate RSNA and cardiovascular responses to either continuous or intermittent static contraction. ...
http://ajpheart.physiology.org/content/304/1/H142
Three-dimensional hindlimb kinematics of water running in the plumed basilisk lizard (Basiliscus plumifrons) | Journal of...Three-dimensional hindlimb kinematics of water running in the plumed basilisk lizard (Basiliscus plumifrons) | Journal of...
The kinematics of basilisk water running varied considerably. Basilisks weighing up to 20 g sometimes exhibited an aerial phase in a run. Yet it was unclear which variables other than mass were responsible for this variability. In general, the forearms `windmill during a run but to different extents. When basilisks ran with a large trunk angle to the water, they extended their arms forwards with minimal rotation around the shoulder. By contrast, when the trunk was held at ∼45° to the water - the much more common body posture - basilisks arm movements matched directions with the leg on the contralateral side. In other runs, the arms moved with a slight delay to the contralateral hindlimb and were sometimes so delayed that it nearly matched the movements with the hindlimb on the same side. Windmilling the forearms may serve to counteract torques placed on the body during a stride, as have been reported in human studies to explain the pendulum-like motion of the arms during walking (Li et al., ...
https://jeb.biologists.org/content/206/23/4363?ijkey=ebecc7f1baad0044758744b54aec886ad158c55c&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
The effects of a glucocorticoid-antagonist on IGF1-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle of hindlimb suspended ratsThe effects of a glucocorticoid-antagonist on IGF1-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle of hindlimb suspended rats
The Effects of a glucocorticoid-antagonist on IGF1-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle of hindlimb suspended rats. Barnes B.R., T.C. Selix, D.C. Wright, and B.W. Craig. Ball State University, Muncie, IN.The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a glucocorticoid-antagonist (RU486) on insulin-like-growth-factor-1 (IGF1)stimulated glucose transport following two weeks of hindlimb suspension (HS) on 100 gm male rats. After two weeks of HS and/or oral RU486 administration the animals were anesthetized, and the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles isolated and clamped at their resting length. Following an incubation series to prepare the muscle, the muscle was incubated in radioactive 3-O-methylglucose for 10 min. in the presence/absence of 75 ng/ml of IGF1, digested with 0.5 NaOH, and the amount of glucose transported measured. Two weeks of RU486 treatment significantly (P:5 0.05) elevated IGF1-stimulated glucose transport of SOL (0.576 ± 0.071 vs ...
http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/handle/186840
Regulation of Angiogenesis by the Aging Suppressor Gene Klotho - PubMedRegulation of Angiogenesis by the Aging Suppressor Gene Klotho - PubMed
Advanced age is a major risk factor of peripheral artery disease. We examined the effects of the aging-suppressor gene klotho on angiogenesis in response to ischemia by introducing ischemic hindlimb model in mice heterozygously deficient for the klotho gene and in wild type mice. Blood flow recovery …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12054604/
Effects of C1 inhibitor on endothelial cell activation in a rat hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury modelEffects of C1 inhibitor on endothelial cell activation in a rat hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury model
Authors: Shengye Zhang, Jane Shaw-Boden, Yara Banz, Anjan K Bongoni, Adriano Taddeo, Rolf Spirig, Marc W Nolte, Peter J Cowan, Robert Rieben
https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/scholarlywork/1304730-effects-of-c1-inhibitor-on-endothelial-cell-activation-in-a-rat-hind-limb-ischemia-reperfusion-injury-model
Imaging Anatomy: Canine Hindlimb Stifle Example 4Imaging Anatomy: Canine Hindlimb Stifle Example 4
The following radiographs are the mediolateral and caudocranial views of the left stifle of a nine-month-old Yorkshire Terrier.. ...
https://vetmed.illinois.edu/imaging_anatomy/canine/hindlimb/stifle/ex04/ex04.html
lower-limb-nerve-supply-anatomy | eDoctorOnline.comlower-limb-nerve-supply-anatomy | eDoctorOnline.com
nerves of the lower limb, nerves of the lower leg, lower limb nerves, sural nerve, nerves of lower limb, saphenous nerve, nerves of lower leg, lower limb anatomy, nerves lower limb, nerve supply of lower limb, lower leg anatomy, lower leg nerves, nerves in lower leg, lower leg nerve anatomy, nerves lower leg, lower limb nerve supply, cutaneous nerves, lower limb nerve, lower limb nerve anatomy, anatomy of lower leg, ...
http://tags.edoctoronline.com/lower-limb-nerve-supply-anatomy
The Loss of Ventral Ectoderm Identity Correlates With the Inability to Form an AER in the Legless Hindlimb Bud - PubMedThe Loss of Ventral Ectoderm Identity Correlates With the Inability to Form an AER in the Legless Hindlimb Bud - PubMed
We have characterized the early stages of murine hindlimb morphogenesis in the legless (lgl)mutant and non-mutant littermates. Initially the entire ventral ectoderm expresses many genetic markers characteristic of the AER (en-1, fgf-8, msx-2, dlx-2, cd44, and cx-43). Subsequently, the expression dom …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9651475/
Plus itPlus it
This is the first study showing the physiological role of the interaction between the non-NMDA receptor (AMPA) activation and NO produced endogenously in the NTS of conscious rats. The present data show that inhibition of NO production within the NTS changes the hemodynamic responses elicited by AMPA receptor stimulation.. Activation of the AMPA receptor in the NTS of conscious rats induces an initial reduction in hindquarter blood flow that is followed by a large increase (9). Increased blood flow is due to hindquarter vasodilation. The origin and pathway of this vasodilation was not clear, but studies of Davisson et al. (6, 7) suggested a neurogenic hindquarter vasodilation mediated by release of preformed stores of nitrosyl factors after sympathetic stimulation. Colombari et al. (4) showed a hindquarter vasodilation elicited by activation of glutamatergic receptors in the NTS that was abolished after systemic l-NAME administration. The systemic administration of l-NAME probably blocked NOS in ...
http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/290/5/R1330
Investigation of chronic hindlimb ischaemia in the rat by 31P-nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy | Biochemical Society...Investigation of chronic hindlimb ischaemia in the rat by 31P-nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy | Biochemical Society...
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Biochemical Society Transactions.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/13/5/888
forelimbs and hindlimbs
Our hands and legs comprises of several bones. Furthermore, the forelimb has the potential to augment stabilization and/or propulsion during arboreal locomotion, potentially relieving functional restrictions in the hindlimb. Patagiummost complete of any mammal 2.2. Finally, because the DFA does not allow us to determine which treatments separate significantly from each other, we performed a one-way ANOVA on each DFA axis using treatments as the grouping variable and DFA scores as the dependent variable (see Tables 7, 8). The greater flexibility, anatomically and kinematically, of the forelimb of arboreal specialists, may make it a particularly effective structure for propulsion and stabilization in complex arboreal situations, where a greater range of motion is leaper skeletal diagram. 3A,E). swing phase velocity) did not change as expected (Lammers and Biknevicius, 2004; Franz et al., 2005; Lammers, 2007; Gálvez-López et al., 2011). Anonymous. The forelimb and the hindlimb were analyzed ...
http://privaluefoundation.com/birds-has-muq/n4n5wq.php?id=forelimbs-and-hindlimbs-b803ac
Sudden lameness hind legs?? - Animal Health - General - MedHelpSudden lameness hind legs?? - Animal Health - General - MedHelp
My 8 yo beagle started limping suddenly on his right hind leg. He didnt appear to be in any pain and it got better after a couple of weeks! Now, he is suddenly limping on his left hind leg and can b...
http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Animal-Health---General/Sudden-lameness-hind-legs/show/1428334
Upcoming EventsUpcoming Events
Structural and functional anatomy and biomechanics of the hindlimb in general, and in specific for the art. coxae, the art. genus, the art. tarsales, the art metatarso-phalangealis, the art. interphalangealea proximalis et distales, the ossae sesamoideae, and the patellae. The heamodynamic relations and the osteopathic relevance, of the art. coxae. The biomechanics and osteopathic relevance of the menisci. Introduction to the examination and normalizing technics for the hindlimb. Find out more » ...
https://vluggeninstitute.com/homepage/venue/the-whole-horse-veterinary-clinic-and-rehabilitation-center/
JoVE Author Search: Aviles HO
Ability, B-cells, Blood, Cells, Enzyme Immunoassay, Flow Cytometry, Hindlimb, Hindlimb Unloading, Immunity, Immunoassay, Infection, Infections, Leukocyte, Lymphocyte, Mice, Nervous System, Plasma, Population, Rodent, Spaceflight
http://labindex.jove.com/author/Aviles-HO
Supplementary Material for: VEGF and IGF Delivered from Alginate Hydrogels Promote Stable Perfusion Recovery in Ischemic Hind...Supplementary Material for: VEGF and IGF Delivered from Alginate Hydrogels Promote Stable Perfusion Recovery in Ischemic Hind...
Supplementary Material for: VEGF and IGF Delivered from Alginate Hydrogels Promote Stable Perfusion Recovery in Ischemic Hind Limbs of Aged Mice and Young Rabbits
https://figshare.com/articles/Supplementary_Material_for_VEGF_and_IGF_Delivered_from_Alginate_Hydrogels_Promote_Stable_Perfusion_Recovery_in_Ischemic_Hind_Limbs_of_Aged_Mice_and_Young_Rabbits/5422711/1
13)N-ammonia PET as a measurement of hindlimb perfusion in a mouse model of peripheral artery occlusive disease13)N-ammonia PET as a measurement of hindlimb perfusion in a mouse model of peripheral artery occlusive disease
(13)N-ammonia PET as a measurement of hindlimb perfusion in a mouse model of peripheral artery occlusive disease. (13)N-ammonia PET as a measurement of hindlimb perfusion in a mouse model of peripheral artery occlusive disease
https://www.cun.es/pt/investigacao/publicacoes-cientificas/measurement-perfusion-peripheral-artery-occlusive-disease-mouse-model
Moderate intake of red wine improves ischemia-induced neovascularization in diabetic mice-Roles of endothelial progenitor cells...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Moderate intake of red wine improves ischemia-induced neovascularization in diabetic mice-Roles of endothelial progenitor cells and nitric oxide. AU - Huang, Po Hsun. AU - Tsai, Hsiao Ya. AU - Wang, Chao Hung. AU - Chen, Yung Hsiang. AU - Chen, Jia Shiong. AU - Lin, Feng Yen. AU - Lin, Chih Pei. AU - Wu, Tao Cheng. AU - Sata, Masataka. AU - Chen, Jaw Wen. AU - Lin, Shing Jong. PY - 2010/10. Y1 - 2010/10. N2 - Objective: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a significant role in postnatal neovascularization. Patients with diabetes have attenuated EPC functions and impaired angiogenic response after tissue ischemia. We investigated whether moderate red wine consumption can enhance blood flow recovery in response to tissue ischemia by enhancement of EPC functions in diabetic mice. Methods and results: Starting at 4 weeks after diabetes onset, red wine (4ml/kg/day) or ethanol were administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (type 1) diabetic mice and KKAy-Ta (type 2) ...
https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/moderate-intake-of-red-wine-improves-ischemia-induced-neovascular
Compensatory load redistribution of horses with induced weightbearing hindlimb lameness trotting on a treadmill - Zurich Open...Compensatory load redistribution of horses with induced weightbearing hindlimb lameness trotting on a treadmill - Zurich Open...
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The compensatory mechanisms of horses with weightbearing hindlimb lameness are still not fully understood. HYPOTHESIS: That weightbearing, unilateral hindlimb lameness would not only alter stride characteristics to diminish structural stress in the affected limb but also induce compensatory load adjustments in the other supporting limbs. OBJECTIVE: To document the load and time shifting mechanisms of horses with unilateral weightbearing hindlimb lameness. METHODS: Reversible lameness was induced in 8 clinically sound horses by applying a solar pressure model. Three degrees of lameness (subtle, mild and moderate) were induced and compared with the nonlame (sound) control measurement. Vertical ground reaction forces were recorded for all 4 limbs simultaneously on an instrumented treadmill. RESULTS: Compared to the sound situation, moderate hindlimb hoof lameness induced a decrease in stride duration (-3.3%) and stride impulse (-3.1%). Diagonal impulse decreased ...
http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/19489/
Inserm - Observations on the perfusion recovery of regenerative angiogenesis in an ischemic limb model under hyperoxia
This study combines two well-known vascular research models, hyperoxia and hind limb ischemia, aiming to better characterize capacities of the hyperoxia challenge. We studied two groups of C57/BL6 male mice, a control (C) and a hind limb ischemia (HLI) group. Perfusion from both limbs was recorded in all animals by laser Doppler techniques under an oxygen (O 2) saturated atmosphere, once for control and, during 35 days for the HLI group. We used a third set of normoxic animals for HLI morphometric control. The expected variability of responses was higher for the younger animals. In the HLI group, capillary density normalized at Day 21 as expected, but not microcirculatory physiology. In the operated limb, perfusion decreased dramatically following surgery (Day 4), as a slight reduction in the non-operated limb was also noted. Consistently, the response to hyperoxia was an increased perfusion in the ischemic limb and decreased perfusion in the contralateral limb. Only at Day 35, both limbs exhibited
https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-02495331
Exercise Altered the Skeletal Muscle MicroRNAs and Gene Expression Profiles in Burn Rats with Hindlimb Unloading<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Exercise Altered the Skeletal Muscle MicroRNAs and Gene Expression Profiles in Burn Rats with Hindlimb Unloading. AU - Song, Juquan. AU - Saeman, Melody R.. AU - Baer, Lisa A.. AU - Cai, Anthony R.. AU - Wade, Charles E.. AU - Wolf, Steven E.. N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2016 by the American Burn Association. Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2017/1/1. Y1 - 2017/1/1. N2 - This study investigated microRNA and target gene profiles under different conditions of burn, bed rest, and exercise training. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were assigned to sham ambulatory, sham hindlimb unloading, burn ambulatory, or burn plus hindlimb unloading groups. Rats received a 40% TBSA scald burn or sham treatments and were ambulatory or hindlimb unloaded. Rats were further assigned to exercise or no exercise. Plantaris tissues were harvested on day 14 and pooled to analyze for microRNA and gene expression profiles. Compared with the sham ambulatory-no ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/exercise-altered-the-skeletal-muscle-micrornas-and-gene-expressio
KAKEN - Research Projects | 2011 Fiscal Year Final Research Report (KAKENHI-PROJECT-21650143)KAKEN - Research Projects | 2011 Fiscal Year Final Research Report (KAKENHI-PROJECT-21650143)
We selected the rat model of a brain lesion induced by photochemically initiated thrombosis(PIT) through platelet aggregation. The technique involved in this model is simple enough to design the brain lesion as focal and uniform, and the hemiparesis of the hindlimb, induced by injury to the unilateral motor cortex, recovers completely by the 10th day with few individual differences after operation. The purpose of this study was to examine whether using the stem cell transplantation or the mesenchymal stem cell transplantation promotes motor recovery after brain damage in this PIT model. After recovery of left hindlimb function caused by a right sensorimotor cortex lesion, a lesion was induced photochemically in the left sensorimotor cortex as a second PIT and the beam-walking score was recorded for right hindlimb function. As a result, these two methods were not able to promote motor recovery after brain damage in this PIT model. ...
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21650143/21650143seika/
Cortex-dependent recovery of unassisted hindlimb locomotion after complete spinal cord injury in adult rats | eLifeCortex-dependent recovery of unassisted hindlimb locomotion after complete spinal cord injury in adult rats | eLife
After complete spinal transection in adult rats, careful combinations of pharmacological and physical therapies create a novel cortical sensorimotor circuit that may bypass the lesion through biomechanical coupling, allowing animals to recover unassisted hindlimb locomotion.
https://elifesciences.org/articles/23532
Sensors | Free Full-Text | Repeatability, Reproducibility and Standardisation of a Laser Doppler Imaging Technique for the...Sensors | Free Full-Text | Repeatability, Reproducibility and Standardisation of a Laser Doppler Imaging Technique for the...
Background. Preclinical perfusion studies are useful for the improvement of diagnosis and therapy in dermatologic, cardiovascular and rheumatic human diseases. The Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging (LDPI) technique has been used to evaluate superficial alterations of the skin microcirculation in surgically induced murine hindlimb ischemia. We assessed the reproducibility and the accuracy of LDPI acquisitions and identified several critical factors that could affect LDPI measurements in mice. Methods. Twenty mice were analysed. Statistical standardisation and a repeatability and reproducibility analysis were performed on mouse perfusion signals with respect to differences in body temperature, the presence or absence of hair, the type of anaesthesia used for LDPI measurements and the position of the mouse body. Results. We found excellent correlations among measurements made by the same operator (i.e., repeatability) under the same experimental conditions and by two different operators (i.e.,
http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/1/500
Bovine Milk-derived Lactoferrin Exerts Proangiogenic Effects in an Src-Akt-eNOS-dependent Manner in Response to Ischemia -...
Lactoferrin (LF) exerts a variety of biological effects, including the promotion of angiogenesis by increasing the expression of angiogenesis-related genes and reducing blood pressure via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of LF on angiogenesis using C57BL/6J mice that received daily unilateral treatment with or without bovine milk-derived LF (bLF) following unilateral hindlimb surgery. The analysis of laser speckle blood flow showed that bLF treatment promoted blood flow recovery in response to ischemic hindlimb. The capillary density of ischemic adductor muscles, as well as the phosphorylation of Src, Akt, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was also significantly higher in bLF-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. Furthermore, bLF increased the phosphorylation levels of Src, Akt, and eNOS in in vitro experiments using human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The action of bLF on eNOS phosphorylation was abolished by both ...
https://repo.lib.tokushima-u.ac.jp/en/list/author-page/229104/item/113754
H-Wave Effects on Blood Flow and Angiogenesis in Longitudinal Studies in Rats | JSOA OnlineH-Wave Effects on Blood Flow and Angiogenesis in Longitudinal Studies in Rats | JSOA Online
Effects of repeated H-Wave device stimulation (HWDS) on blood flow and angiogenesis in the rat hind limb were studied. The hypothesis tested was that HWDS acutely increases hind limb blood flow, and that repeated HWDS would elicit angiogenesis. Animals were HWDS-conditioned (Conditioned) or shamstimulated (Sham) (n D 5/group) daily for 3 weeks. The contralateral limb in both groups served as the control. Each animal was injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrDU). After 3 weeks, rats were anesthetized and iliac artery blood flow was measured bilaterally before, during, and after acute HWDS. HWDS of the Conditioned limbs elicited a 247% increase in blood flow above resting conditions compared to a 200% increase in control legs. Sham animals did not demonstrate between-leg differences in flow. Hindlimb musculature staining for BrDU revealed angiogenesis in Conditioned versus Sham groups. Flow changes accompanying HWDS corroborated earlier microvascular findings demonstrating a significant ...
https://www.jsoaonline.com/archive/2011/winter-2011/h-wave-angiogenesis-i/
DSpace at KOASAS: PEGylated substance P augments therapeutic angiogenesis in diabetic critical limb ischemiaDSpace at KOASAS: PEGylated substance P augments therapeutic angiogenesis in diabetic critical limb ischemia
Substance P (SP) is a therapeutic peptide that has been widely used to induce angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. However, its therapeutic efficacy is often limited due to rapid degradation in vivo and a short half-life (1 min) after systemic administration. In the present study, we chemically modified SP with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to generate long-lasting formulations with increased stability and extended retention time in vivo and evaluated their ability to enhance therapeutic angiogenesis. Compared to the unmodified SP, PEGylated SP (PEG-SP) exhibited significantly increased half-life in vivo ('360-fold increase in normal mouse and (similar to)120-fold increase in diabetic mouse). Systemic injection of PEG SP led to a marked increase in therapeutic efficacy and angiogenesis in diabetic hindlimb ischemia, as evident from the remarkable improvement in salvage of ischemic limb and recovery of blood perfusion in diabetic mice with limb ischemia. These formulations increased endogenous ...
http://koasas.kaist.ac.kr/handle/10203/264360
Mechanisms of Amplified Arteriogenesis in Collateral Artery Segments Exposed to Reversed Flow DirectionSignificance |...Mechanisms of Amplified Arteriogenesis in Collateral Artery Segments Exposed to Reversed Flow DirectionSignificance |...
Our ability to link amplified arteriogenesis to a unique hemodynamic stimulus (ie, reversed flow with increase shear stress magnitude) was facilitated by the development of a LSF approach for mouse hindlimb collaterals.18 We developed that approach because, despite the known importance of hemodynamic stimuli in driving collateral development, there was a surprising lack of quantitative data on the hemodynamic changes within these arteries. This is likely because both the small size of the arteries (,100 μm) and the fact that different surgical models elicit arteriogenesis along different collateral pathways.2 Using LSF,18 we determined the occurrence of at least 3 distinct hemodynamic conditions in these collateral vessels: a nonreversed increase in shear stress near the feeding entrance to the collateral loop, an increase in shear stress from low/oscillating flow to sustained high shear stress at the central anastomotic region, and an increase in shear stress but in a reversed direction at the ...
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/35/11/2354
Effects of 24-72 h of hindlimb suspension on body a | Open-iEffects of 24-72 h of hindlimb suspension on body a | Open-i
Effects of 24-72 h of hindlimb suspension on body and muscle weights (a), muscle-to-body weight ratio (b), and parameters (c) of rat soleus twitch tensions.
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4309216_BMRI2015-720172.001&req=4
Hindlimb metabolism in a chronic fetal sheep preparation: fetal autoregulation of alanine uptake | Harvard Catalyst Profiles |...Hindlimb metabolism in a chronic fetal sheep preparation: fetal autoregulation of alanine uptake | Harvard Catalyst Profiles |...
Hindlimb metabolism in a chronic fetal sheep preparation: fetal autoregulation of alanine uptake. Presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Soc. for Pediatr. Research. 1981 ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/844663
bone density Protocols and Video...bone density Protocols and Video...
Video articles in JoVE about bone density include Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts, Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model, Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion, Establishment of a Segmental Femoral Critical-size Defect Model in Mice Stabilized by Plate Osteosynthesis, A Method to Estimate Cadaveric Femur Cortical Strains During Fracture Testing Using Digital Image Correlation, Longitudinal Evaluation of Mouse Hind Limb Bone Loss After Spinal Cord Injury using Novel, in vivo, Methodology, Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects, Preparation of Herbal Medicine: Er-Xian Decoction and Er-Xian-containing Serum for In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments, Tissue Characterization after a New
https://www.jove.com/keyword/bone+density
Mapping 3-Dimensional Neovessel Organization Steps Using Micro-Computed Tomography in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia |...Mapping 3-Dimensional Neovessel Organization Steps Using Micro-Computed Tomography in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia |...
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. ...
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/early/2009/09/10/ATVBAHA.109.192732
long term care Protocols and Video...long term care Protocols and Video...
Video articles in JoVE about long term care include Using a Real-Time Locating System to Measure Walking Activity Associated with Wandering Behaviors Among Institutionalized Older Adults, Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia, Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults, Semi-quantitative Assessment Using [18F]FDG Tracer in Patients with Severe Brain Injury.
https://www.jove.com/keyword/long+term+care
Plus itPlus it
Pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized animals were injected with 0.4 ml of 0.1% bovine serum albumin with 0 or 0.1 U bovine insulin/rat via the dorsal vein of the penis. A preliminary study indicated that the insulin-stimulated activity of Akt1 kinase peaked in both soleus and plantaris muscles at 5 min and remained above control level for at least 15 min (data not shown). This time course is in agreement with studies by Cross et al. (10). Therefore, soleus and plantaris muscles were quickly excised at 5 min after the intravenous injection. In each rat, the muscles were excised only from one hindlimb, either the denervated hindlimb or the contralateral sham hindlimb, to ensure that the muscles were removed exactly at the 5-min interval. Each excised muscle was immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and subsequently kept at −85°C until further use. Each muscle was powdered under liquid nitrogen within 24 h. The powder was transferred into a 6-ml polypropylene tube containing 0.5 ml of ...
http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/275/5/R1425
Understanding back pain - Horse & HoundUnderstanding back pain - Horse & Hound
To the rider, back pain can become evident with a change in the horses behaviour when first tacked up or mounted (cold-backed behaviour), a sudden onset of bucking or rearing, reluctance to go forward, resistance, shortness of stride, stiffness, unwillingness to jump or reduced performance.. But it is important to recognise that the majority of these signs are not specific to back pain. They could be shown, for example, by a horse with early arthritis in both hocks and bilateral hindlimb stiffness, a difficult horse or even one with a schooling problem.. A comprehensive evaluation of the whole horse should be made to detect any underlying problem which may cause back pain.. ...
https://www.horseandhound.co.uk/horse-care/vet-advice/understanding-back-pain-37186
159-d: STENOSIS ARTERIA ILIACA: THERAPY
Almost simultaneously with the occurrence of the specific complaints we see the disappearing pulse curves (see Figure 2). A simple test that may be performed by medical personnel accompanying cyclists is the measurement of the ankle / arm systolic blood pressure ratio after maximum effort. An appropriate cycle ergometer is after all usually available. This allowed the rider to undergo a rising load protocol, with the typical cycling position. The cyclist is instructed to continue up to the occurrence of the known symptoms. Prior to the test, one measures the systolic blood pressures of brachial artery (arm) and the two posterior arteries tibiales (leg) at rest. Immediately after the breakdown of the exercise test the rider lies on the examination couch and the aforementioned systolic blood pressures are recorded every minute until the rest values are reached again. A significantly reduced ankle/arm systolic blood pressure ratio in the symptomatic leg in comparison with the free leg during ...
http://www.cyclingsupportz.com/en/2017/10/03/159-d-en/
Classical Riding - The Half Pass | Equi-Ads Magazine
Both the horses front and hind legs will cross over in Half-Pass. For instance in left Half-Pass the right fore will step in front of and cross over the left fore. The right hind will step in front of and across the left hind towards the horses centre of gravity, pushing the horse forwards and sideways. Thus the outside hind is the driving leg, and the one which does most of the work and is therefore strengthened and suppled.. As mentioned in previous articles, most horses have a stiff and a more supple side, as well as one hind leg which is stronger than the other. The two are not necessarily on the same side, so it is quite possible to have a horse who bends easier to the right, but whose left hind is the weaker; thus such a horse will find right Half-Pass the more difficult one because, although he can bend easily to the right, his left hind finds it harder to drive the movement. This horse will find right Shoulder-in easier than left because in Shoulder-in it will be the right (inside) ...
https://www.equi-ads.com/classical-riding-half-pass/
Role of inflammatory cell RAGE in collateral vessel formation - William TaylorRole of inflammatory cell RAGE in collateral vessel formation - William Taylor
Diabetes in the United States today is an explosive major public health issue that directly impacts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. One major reason for...
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/P01-HL095070-05-7725
ISMRM 2009) In Vivo 3D MR Angiography Reveals Accelerated Collateral Vessel Growth in CD73-/- Mice After Hindlimb IschemiaISMRM 2009) In Vivo 3D MR Angiography Reveals Accelerated Collateral Vessel Growth in CD73-/- Mice After Hindlimb Ischemia
accelerated account acquisition actively acts address adenine adhesion allows anatomically angiography animal artery assessed blood branching cascade clearly collateral collaterals compensated confirmed considered controls corkscrew course covered datasets days demonstrating derived detected determined developed development direct displayed distal dual early energetics enhanced equipped established extent extracellularly faster femoral flow formation formed frequencies geometry gradient green growing growth histology important improved in vivo induced inflammatory initial involving issue lack lacking length ligation like matrix metabolic mice micro mouse muscle mutant newly normalized nucleotide occlusion operating part phenotype plays post potent previously processes processing product projection promotes protocol proximal quadriceps quantification quantified quantitative reaching receptors reconstruction recorded recovery reflected regulation reported resolution resonator restoration reveals ...
http://archive.ismrm.org/2009/3882.html
RMDRC paleo lab: February 2011RMDRC paleo lab: February 2011
Much as I might like to think otherwise, the specific details of the hindlimb function of Tyrannosaurus rex or the pneumatic features of brachiosaurid vertebrae really are not the most important elements of the field. Understanding and appreciating the nitty gritty details of the phylogeny and anatomy of any particular branch of the Tree of Life are not really necessary for everyone to know, any more than we would regard detailed knowledge of bacterial biochemistry or the partitioning of minerals in a magma chamber to be significant general knowledge. (Indeed, these latter two items are actually far more critical for human society than any specific aspect of paleontology, and so from a certain point of view really more important for people to know than the History of Life ...
http://rmdrc.blogspot.cz/2011/02/
Xenopus Anatomy Ontology: Summary for hindlimb digit 5Xenopus Anatomy Ontology: Summary for hindlimb digit 5
Click here to close Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a current version of Chrome, FireFox, or Safari. ...
http://www.xenbase.org/anatomy/showanatomy.do?method=displayAnatomySummary&anatomyId=3455
Facts About biological surgery RevealedFacts About biological surgery Revealed
One more crucial issue On this review was the route of mobile supply. The authors used proximal femoral artery ligation to accomplish essential limb ischemia, elevating the query of how injected cells observed their method to the ischemic zone. Data from Aicher et al12 indicated that ≈1% of intravenously injected EPCs can be found in usual tissues, with nearly 2-fold enrichment in ischemic tissues, and while in the latter scenario, these were being observed only from the infarction border zone, suggesting that although cytokines such as VEGF and stromal cell-derived aspect-one created from the ischemic tissue can recruit EPCs toward on the ischemia, microenvironmental components throughout the harmed muscle could protect against migration into your ischemic zone ...
http://mateopnjh951blog.blogkoo.com/facts-about-biological-surgery-revealed-3366056
Uploads by Z3516832 - Embryology
The development of tammar fetal limbs at selected stages before birth. (A) day 19, (B) day 20, (C) day 22, (D) day 24 and (E) day 25 (one day before birth). High magnification of the fore- and hindlimb are from samples stored in methanol whilst wholemo ...
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Special:ListFiles/Z3516832
phorusrhacoids
A real quick question for anybody out there: Is there any phorusrhacoid that is well enough preserved, with a published skeletal reconstruction, from which the length of the body trunk relative to the hindlimb could be estimated? The reconstruction that one usually sees is from Andrews (1901: fig. 3), but the body trunk is almost missing therein, alas. Thanks if anybody can help ...
http://dml.cmnh.org/1999Jan/msg00198.html
forelimbs: Definition, Word Game Analysisforelimbs: Definition, Word Game Analysis
forelimbs Definition, forelimbs Best Plays of forelimbs in Scrabble® and Words With Friends, Length tables of words in forelimbs, Word growth of forelimbs, Sequences of forelimbs
https://www.litscape.com/word_analysis/forelimbs
Fit Reasons To Booze Green Smoothies - myyna supportFit Reasons To Booze Green Smoothies - myyna support
You hindquarters look at with hormonal instability by managing your every day accentuate level, feeding a ... lasting, that feels eff it or non is.
http://support.myyna.com/477096/fit-reasons-to-booze-green-smoothies
Stroboscopic | EUdict | English...Stroboscopic | EUdict | English...
EUdict dictionary, Afrikaans, Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Kurdish, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Luxembourgish, Macedonian, Malay, Maltese, Mongolian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Tagalog, Tamil, Thai, Turkish, Turkmen, Ukrainian, Urdu, Vietnamese
https://eudict.com/?lang=engara&word=Stroboscopic
HindlimbHindlimb
A hindlimb or back limb is one of the paired articulated appendages (limbs) attached on the caudal (posterior) end of a ... Frogs have 4 digits in fore limb while hindlimb have 5 digits. All digits are without nails. All birds walk using hindlimbs. ... Forelimb http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/hind%20limb%7C Merriam Webster Dictionary-Hindlimb (Articles needing additional ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindlimb
X-ray motion analysisX-ray motion analysis
Gatesy, Stephen M. (1999-05-01). "Guineafowl hind limb function. I: Cineradiographic analysis and speed effects". Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_motion_analysis
Cambridge GreensandCambridge Greensand
Enaliornis barrette - "Braincases, vertebrae, pelvis [and] limb elements.." E sedgwicki - "Hindlimb elements." E. seeleyi - " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Greensand
Ashville FormationAshville Formation
Pasquiaornis hardiei - "Hindlimb elements." Pasquiaornis tankei - "Hindlimb elements and quadrate." Earth sciences portal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashville_Formation
Intervertebral disc damage and spaceflightIntervertebral disc damage and spaceflight
Morey-Holton, ER; Globus, RK (2002). "Hindlimb unloading rodent model: technical aspects". J Appl Physiol. 92 (4): 1367-1377. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intervertebral_disc_damage_and_spaceflight
CeratosaurusCeratosaurus
ISBN 978-0-253-34373-4. Foster, J.R.; Chure, D.J. (2006). "Hindlimb allometry in the Late Jurassic theropod dinosaur Allosaurus ... most of the left hind limb; and most of the feet.: 77 The specimen was found encased in hard sandstone; the skull and spine had ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceratosaurus
Bird feet and legsBird feet and legs
The pelvic girdle and the hindlimb]". Zoologia [Zoology] (in Polish) (4th ed.). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Szkolne i Pedagogiczne. pp ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_feet_and_legs
Stimulus (physiology)Stimulus (physiology)
Hindlimb withdrawal time is another method. Sorin Barac et al. in a recent paper published in the Journal of Reconstructive ... external heat stimulus and measuring hindlimb withdrawal times (HLWT). Reflex Sensory stimulation therapy Stimulation Stimulus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_(physiology)
ProtostegidaeProtostegidae
Williston, S. W. (1902). "On the hind limb of Protostega". American Journal of Science. 4. 13 (76): 276-278. Bibcode:1902AmJS ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protostegidae
Travancore flying squirrelTravancore flying squirrel
Membrane behind hind limb is small. Vibrissae is black. Dorsal fur is very soft, long and sheen. There are 2 subspecies, as; ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travancore_flying_squirrel
Hip replacement (animal)Hip replacement (animal)
Scott, Harry W.; McLaughlin, Ronald (2007). "Fractures and disorders of the hindlimb. Total hip replacement". Feline ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_replacement_(animal)
Rodrigues railRodrigues rail
The hindlimb elements were generally very robust. The femur (thigh-bone) was very robust, with a curved shaft, and ranged from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_rail
Scratch reflexScratch reflex
Robertson, G. A., & Stein, P. S. G. (October 1988). "Synaptic control of hindlimb motoneurones during three forms of the ... Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology(37), 383-403 Stein P (2005). "Neuronal control of turtle hindlimb motor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratch_reflex
BlikanasaurusBlikanasaurus
The only information that has been deduced is from the bones of its hindlimb anatomy, which are heavily built. This suggests ... Blikanasaurus was first discovered by a partial hindlimb (epipodium and pes) found in the lower Elliot Formation (LEF) at the ... Blikanasaurus is only known from partial hindlimb bones that were recovered from the lower Elliot Formation (LEF) in the ... Galton, Peter M.; Van Heerden, Jacques (1985). "Partial hindlimb of Blikanasaurus cromptoni n. gen. And n. Sp.,representing a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blikanasaurus
Soleus muscleSoleus muscle
"Hindlimb Muscle Fiber Populations Of Five Mammals". Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry. 21 (1): 51-55. doi:10.1177/21.1. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soleus_muscle
TropicagamaTropicagama
The snout-to-vent length is 103 millimeters (4.1 in); hindlimb length is 87 millimeters (3.4 in). T. temporalis is mainly found ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropicagama
Moros intrepidusMoros intrepidus
The holotype consists of a right hindlimb. It contains the thighbone, the shinbone, the second and fourth metatarsal and the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moros_intrepidus
PolymorphodonPolymorphodon
The hip and hindlimb was more complete. The ilium has a slightly convex upper edge, a long postacetabular process (rear blade ... bones of the hip and hindlimb, tail vertebrae, and potential hand bone fragments. Another specimen, SMNS 91400, consists of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphodon
Physiological effects in spacePhysiological effects in space
McDonald, KS; Delp, MD; Fitts, RH (June 1992). "Effect of hindlimb unweighting on tissue blood flow in the rat". Journal of ... Itai, Y; Kariya, Y; Hoshino, Y (June 2004). "Morphological changes in rat hindlimb muscle fibres during recovery from disuse ... Steffen, JM; Fell, RD; Geoghegan, TE; Ringel, LC; Musacchia, XJ (March 1990). "Age effects on rat hindlimb muscle atrophy ... Fitts, RH; Metzger, JM; Riley, DA; Unsworth, BR (June 1986). "Models of disuse: a comparison of hindlimb suspension and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiological_effects_in_space
AnchiornisAnchiornis
O'Connor, J.K.; Chang, H. (2015). "Hindlimb feathers in paravians: primarily "wings" or ornaments?". Biology Bulletin. 42 (7): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchiornis
Specimens of ArchaeopteryxSpecimens of Archaeopteryx
The left hindlimb is well preserved, and shows a femur, tibia with fibula, and vague foot skeleton; the right hindlimb ... The left hindlimb is preserved complete with four clawed toes; only the upper and lower portions of the right leg remain. The ... The right hindlimb shows only a disarticulated femur and tibia. The first toe is very short and includes a robust and strongly ... The left hindlimb is completely preserved on the main slab, and shows a slightly curved femur, a proximal muscle scar likely to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specimens_of_Archaeopteryx
IsisaurusIsisaurus
No skull, hindlimb, or foot bones are known. Since the original description of Isisaurus, titanosaur fossils belonging to more ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isisaurus
ProterosuchusProterosuchus
Sullivan, Corwin (2015). "Evolution of hind limb posture in Triassic archosauriforms". In Dial, Kenneth P.; Shubin, Neil; ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proterosuchus
Centralian blue-tongued skinkCentralian blue-tongued skink
Both the forelimb and hindlimb have five digits. The skink is predominantly pale brown to grey in colour with a series of nine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralian_blue-tongued_skink
ArchaeorhynchusArchaeorhynchus
The hind limb was shorter than the forelimb. The forelimbs had a humerus and a radius which were straighter and shorter than ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeorhynchus
Draco blanfordiiDraco blanfordii
The fore limb stretched forwards extends considerably beyond the tip of the snout; the adpressed hind limb nearly reaches the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_blanfordii
GracilisuchusGracilisuchus
... most of the left hindlimb, and part of the hindlimb, which is 20% larger than the holotype; and PVL 4612, a nearly complete ... A right hindlimb and a left femur and tibia have been assigned to Tropidosuchus, and another one has been assigned to ... The right hindlimb's foot was originally assigned to Gracilisuchus. Three other specimens, stored at the MCZ, were found by ... Lecuona, A.; Desojo, J.B. (2012). "Hind limb osteology of Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia)". Earth and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracilisuchus
TBX4TBX4
... is known mostly for its role in the development of the hindlimb, but it also plays a critical role in the formation of the ... Tbx4 has been shown to be expressed in the allantois, hindlimb, lung and proctodeum. Expression of Tbx4 is activated by a ... Tbx4 is expressed in the hindlimb, whereas Tbx5 is expressed in the forelimb, heart, and dorsal side of the retina. Studies ... For instance, in chickens Tbx4 specifies hindlimb status. The activation of Tbx4 and other T-box proteins by Hox genes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBX4
CheetahCheetah
... hindlimb". Journal of Anatomy. 218 (4): 363-374. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01310.x. PMC 3077520. PMID 21062282. Sears, E. S ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheetah
TerrestrisuchusTerrestrisuchus
Sullivan, Corwin (2015). "Evolution of hind limb posture in Triassic archosauriforms". In Dial, Kenneth P.; Shubin, Neil; ... as well as inconsistencies in the patterns of the fusion of their vertebrae and the proportions of the hind limb during growth ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrisuchus
SimTK: Musculoskeletal model of the mouse (Mus musculus) hindlimb and pelvis: DownloadsSimTK: Musculoskeletal model of the mouse (Mus musculus) hindlimb and pelvis: Downloads
Three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the mouse hindlimb ... Mouse hindlimb and pelvic musculoskeletal model, with updated ... The model file (.osim) and bone geometries of the musculoskeletal model of a mouse hindlimb and pelvis as published in Charles ...
https://simtk.org/frs/?group_id=1066
Hind limb of a horse - 3D model by 3dvetlab [4d60dc8] - SketchfabHind limb of a horse - 3D model by 3dvetlab [4d60dc8] - Sketchfab
Hind limb of a horse 3D Model. Something went wrong with the 3D viewer.. Learn how to fix it here. ...
https://sketchfab.com/models/4d60dc801d244d419d0656bc1eba0e79/embed
MAPC transplantation confers a more durable benefit than AC133+ cell transplantation in severe hind limb ischemiaMAPC transplantation confers a more durable benefit than AC133+ cell transplantation in severe hind limb ischemia
PDF] Hindlimb muscular activity, kinetics and kinematics of cats jumping to their maximum achievable heights. | Semantic ScholarPDF] Hindlimb muscular activity, kinetics and kinematics of cats jumping to their maximum achievable heights. | Semantic Scholar
During terminal experiments when the hindlimb was set at positions corresponding to those in the jump, isometric torques ... These comparisons suggest that extensor muscles of the hindlimb are fully activated during the maximal vertical jump. ... compared with computed torques developed by the same cat during previous jumps suggest that extensor muscles of the hindlimb ... The total work generated by one hind limb of a horse and the contribution to the total work by four joints of the hind limb ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Hindlimb-muscular-activity%2C-kinetics-and-kinematics-Zajac-Zomlefer/822e20712c39a63ece43f01fb6123773887c7d88?p2df
Cardiovascular responses to local hindlimb hypoxia: Relation to the exercise reflex<...
Therefore, only hindlimb hypoxemia of the degree present during severe exercise and/or metabolite(s) secondary to hypoxemia can ... Therefore, only hindlimb hypoxemia of the degree present during severe exercise and/or metabolite(s) secondary to hypoxemia can ... Therefore, only hindlimb hypoxemia of the degree present during severe exercise and/or metabolite(s) secondary to hypoxemia can ... Therefore, only hindlimb hypoxemia of the degree present during severe exercise and/or metabolite(s) secondary to hypoxemia can ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cardiovascular-responses-to-local-hindlimb-hypoxia-relation-to-th-2
Erratum: Mayer and Akay, The Role of Muscle Spindle Feedback in the Guidance of Hindlimb Movement by the Ipsilateral Forelimb...Erratum: Mayer and Akay, "The Role of Muscle Spindle Feedback in the Guidance of Hindlimb Movement by the Ipsilateral Forelimb...
Erratum: Mayer and Akay, "The Role of Muscle Spindle Feedback in the Guidance of Hindlimb Movement by the Ipsilateral Forelimb ... In the article, "The Role of Muscle Spindle Feedback in the Guidance of Hindlimb Movement by the Ipsilateral Forelimb during ... Erratum: Mayer and Akay, "The Role of Muscle Spindle Feedback in the Guidance of Hindlimb Movement by the Ipsilateral Forelimb ... Erratum: Mayer and Akay, "The Role of Muscle Spindle Feedback in the Guidance of Hindlimb Movement by the Ipsilateral Forelimb ...
https://www.eneuro.org/content/9/1/ENEURO.0531-21.2021
A short-term hindlimb massage programme can improve gait symmetry in riding school horses - IRep - Nottingham Trent UniversityA short-term hindlimb massage programme can improve gait symmetry in riding school horses - IRep - Nottingham Trent University
A short-term hindlimb massage programme can improve gait symmetry in riding school horses. Comparative Exercise Physiology. ... A short-term hindlimb massage programme can improve gait symmetry in riding school horses ...
http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/47386/
Interday and intraday stance analysis variability in dogs with hindlimb lameness and comparison of the effect of dog, surgeon,...Interday and intraday stance analysis variability in dogs with hindlimb lameness and comparison of the effect of dog, surgeon,...
Lins Correlation coefficients showed strong correlation between trials for the lame hindlimb (0.682), contralateral hindlimb ( ... weight on the lame hindlimb, contralateral hindlimb, ipsilateral forelimb, or contralateral forelimb. ... Day-to-day forelimb weight-bearing in dogs who are lame on a hindlimb is more variable, likely because of trial to trial ... Interday and intraday stance analysis variability in dogs with hindlimb lameness Objective: The purpose of this study was to ...
https://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/handle/2097/38827
Total Hind Limb Length | HoovesTotal Hind Limb Length | Hooves
Tag Archives: Total Hind Limb Length The Up And Down Of It - Hind Leg - Part 2 (Addendum added 10/24/14). October 24, 2014. by ... Tagged angulation, femur, gearing, THL, tibia, Total Hind Limb Length , 30 Comments , Post navigation. ... Refer to Hind Limb - Part 1 concerning stay system as well as maximum angle created at the hock during full extension.) By ... How a horse is geared is determined by the proportions of the bones in the hind limb, their ratio to each other individual and ...
https://hoovesblog.com/tag/total-hind-limb-length/
The Comparison of Hind Limb Mass Loss in House Mice Preserved with Advanced Fixative Solutions of Ethanol - Glycerin and 4%...The Comparison of Hind Limb Mass Loss in House Mice Preserved with Advanced Fixative Solutions of Ethanol - Glycerin and 4%...
Hind limb mass and total were observed after 6 weeks post burial. The results showed a hind limb mass loss after 6 weeks for ... Hind limb The hind mass loss in the EG fixative group had a significant mass loss compared to the 4% formalin fixative group on ... The Comparison of Hind Limb Mass Loss in House Mice Preserved with Advanced Fixative Solutions of Ethanol - Glycerin and 4% ... Therefore, this study aims to compare the hind limb mass loss in mice treated with advanced preservation of EG and 4% formalin ...
https://www.annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/327
Bipedal vs. quadrupedall hind limb and foot kinematics in a captive sample of olive baboons (Papio anubis): setup and...
quadrupedall hind limb and foot kinematics in a captive sample of olive baboons (Papio anubis): setup and preliminary results. ... quadrupedall hind limb and foot kinematics in a captive sample of olive baboons (Papio anubis): setup and preliminary results. ...
https://hal.science/UPR2147/inria-00431430
Attenuation of hindlimb vasodilation in heat-stressed baboons during dehydration<...Attenuation of hindlimb vasodilation in heat-stressed baboons during dehydration<...
Attenuation of hindlimb vasodilation in heat-stressed baboons during dehydration. / Thornton, R. M.; Proppe, D. W. ... Attenuation of hindlimb vasodilation in heat-stressed baboons during dehydration. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory ... title = "Attenuation of hindlimb vasodilation in heat-stressed baboons during dehydration",. abstract = "The influence of ... Thornton, R. M. ; Proppe, D. W. / Attenuation of hindlimb vasodilation in heat-stressed baboons during dehydration. In: ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/attenuation-of-hindlimb-vasodilation-in-heat-stressed-baboons-dur
Canine Hind Limb/Knee Injuries - Packerland Veterinary CenterCanine Hind Limb/Knee Injuries - Packerland Veterinary Center
Canine Hind Limb/Knee Injuries. In dogs, lameness that stems from the stifle (knee) joint tends to fall into two main ... Additionally, hind limb lameness can be due to bone fractures or, less commonly, OCD. With any of these conditions, it is ...
https://www.packerlandvet.com/services/bone-and-joint-care-canine-knee/
A New Troodontid Theropod, Talos sampsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous Western Interior Basin of North America |...A New Troodontid Theropod, Talos sampsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous Western Interior Basin of North America |...
Hind limb. Femur . Only a portion of the proximal aspect of the left femur is preserved and the proximal-most aspect of this ... Hind Limb Pathology in Talos sampsoni. Trackway evidence indicates that the second digit of deinonychosaurians did not function ... It is particularly noteworthy then, that the second pedal digit on the left hind limb of Talos exhibits extreme pathological ... Given that such trauma may have impacted function of the entire left hind limb, with the potential to induce morphological ...
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0024487
Muscle moment arms of the gibbon hind limb: implications for hylobatid locomotion - Institutional Repository University of...Muscle moment arms of the gibbon hind limb: implications for hylobatid locomotion - Institutional Repository University of...
The moment arms of a number of gibbon hind limb muscles were measured on four cadaveric specimens (one Hylobates lar, one H. ...
https://repository.uantwerpen.be/link/irua/82452
Ketogenic diet induces skeletal muscle atrophy via reducing muscle protein synthesis and possibly activating proteolysis in...Ketogenic diet induces skeletal muscle atrophy via reducing muscle protein synthesis and possibly activating proteolysis in...
Effects of the ketogenic diet in mice with hind limb ischemia *Adilan Shalamu ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-56166-8?error=cookies_not_supported&code=3c4dde44-ca39-4ead-94e2-6108c74ea0f6
Its Your Case - 4yo ME Lab with shifting hind limb lamenessIt's Your Case - 4yo ME Lab with shifting hind limb lameness
This week we have a 4yo ME Lab with shifting hind limb lameness. ...
https://www.vet-ct.com/us/news/2021/jul/15/its-your-case-4yo-me-lab-shifting-hind-limb-lamene/
MREC Pre Purchase Exam Hind Limb Exam - Mid-Rivers Equine CentreMREC Pre Purchase Exam Hind Limb Exam - Mid-Rivers Equine Centre
MREC Pre Purchase Exam Hind Limb Exam. August 25, 2020. by Mid-Rivers Equine ... MREC Pre Purchase Exam Hind Limb Exam. ...
https://www.midriversequine.com/services/sports-medicine/pre-purchase-exam/mrec-pre-purchase-exam-hind-limb-exam/
Calendar | IVISCalendar | IVIS
Equine radiology online: the hindlimb Online, United Kingdom Organization:. Royal Veterinary College ...
https://www.ivis.org/calendar
July 1999 - Volume 104 - Issue 1 : Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryJuly 1999 - Volume 104 - Issue 1 : Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Effect of Anti-ICAM-1 Antibodies on Macromolecular Leakage and Leukocyte Activation: A Study of Hindlimb Allografts in the Rat ...
https://journals.lww.com/plasreconsurg/toc/1999/07000
Rabbit - WikipediaRabbit - Wikipedia
Hind limb elements. This image comes from a specimen in the Pacific Lutheran University natural history collection. It displays ... The rabbits hind limb (lateral view) includes muscles involved in the quadriceps and hamstrings. ... Lieber, Richard L.; Blevins, Field T. (January 1989). "Skeletal muscle architecture of the rabbit hindlimb: Functional ... is directly correlated to hind limb muscles. Action pressure from muscles creates force that is then distributed through the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit
IMSEAR at SEARO: Effect of long term protein deficiency on tetanic tensions of hind limb muscles in rat.
Effect of long term protein deficiency on tetanic tensions of hind limb muscles in rat. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology ... Effect of long term protein deficiency on tetanic tensions of hind limb muscles in rat. ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/55797?locale=es
Effect of canter velocity on hind-limb pro- and retraction kinematics.</em>...
Douglas, J. (2012). Effect of canter velocity on hind-limb pro- and retraction kinematics.. Poster session presented at Winning ... Effect of canter velocity on hind-limb pro- and retraction kinematics. Poster session presented at Winning Ways, International ... Douglas, J 2012, Effect of canter velocity on hind-limb pro- and retraction kinematics., Winning Ways, International ... Effect of canter velocity on hind-limb pro- and retraction kinematics.. 2012. Poster session presented at Winning Ways, ...
https://hartpury.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effect-of-canter-velocity-on-hind-limb-pro-and-retraction-kinemat
The relationship between massage to the equine caudal hindlimb muscles and hindlimb protraction
Objectives: To determine the effect of massage on equine hindlimb protraction. We hypothesised that massage to the caudal ... The relationship between massage to the equine caudal hindlimb muscles and hindlimb protraction. ... Passive hindlimb protraction was measured before and after each intervention, using a modified version of the human Sit and ... In this study we explore the effects of massage to the caudal muscles (retractors) of the equine hindlimb on active and passive ...
https://www.amypowelldc.com/single-post/2016/03/16/the-relationship-between-massage-to-the-equine-caudal-hindlimb-muscles-and-hindlimb-protr
Neonatal pig bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves mouse hind limb ischemia.Neonatal pig bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves mouse hind limb ischemia.
Xenotransplantation of neonatal porcine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells improves murine hind limb ischemia through ... time in the world that transplantation therapy using neonatal porcine derived mesenchymal stem cells can improve murine hind limb ...
https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1111%25252Fxen.12693/reader?utm_source=publication-page-you-might-also-like
PITX1 gene: MedlinePlus GeneticsPITX1 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
Pitx1 is necessary for normal initiation of hindlimb outgrowth through regulation of Tbx4 expression and shapes hindlimb ... DeLaurier A, Schweitzer R, Logan M. Pitx1 determines the morphology of muscle, tendon, and bones of the hindlimb. Dev Biol. ... Pitx1 broadly associates with limb enhancers and is enriched on hindlimb cis-regulatory elements. Dev Biol. 2013 Feb 1;374(1): ... Lanctot C, Moreau A, Chamberland M, Tremblay ML, Drouin J. Hindlimb patterning and mandible development require the Ptx1 gene. ...
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/pitx1/
Hindlimb muscles of the dog : Tibial region - Clip 2 - MediaSpace - The University of NottinghamHindlimb muscles of the dog : Tibial region - Clip 2 - MediaSpace - The University of Nottingham
Hindlimb muscles of the dog : Tibial region - Clip 2 From Samantha Millward ...
https://nottingham.mediaspace.kaltura.com/media/Hindlimb+muscles+of+the+dog+A+Tibial+region+-+Clip+2/1_4h6yy9xy
Lab 3 - Intrinsic Muscles of the Forelimb Flashcards | QuizletLab 3 - Intrinsic Muscles of the Forelimb Flashcards | Quizlet
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Shoulder Muscles, Supraspinatus muscle orientation and action(s), Infraspinatus muscle orientation and action(s) and more.
https://quizlet.com/704979824/lab-3-intrinsic-muscles-of-the-forelimb-flash-cards/
Table 1 - Transmission Routes for Nipah Virus from Malaysia and Bangladesh - Volume 18, Number 12-December 2012 - Emerging...
Mild neurologic disease (hind limb paresis) at 6 dpi but not apparent at euthanasia; nasal discharge; facial edema; inappetence ... Sporadic hind limb myoclonus; recumbency; nasal discharge; cutaneous petechial hemorrhages and hemorrhage from mouth; ,10% ... Severe ataxia, facial and hind limb tremors, head tilt and torticollis (left); sneezing; nasal discharge; facial edema; ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/12/12-0875-t1
Bailey - Hind Limb Weakness & Loud Breathing (GOLPP) | Pawsitive Steps Rehabilitation & Therapy for Pets, Troy MIBailey - Hind Limb Weakness & Loud Breathing (GOLPP) | Pawsitive Steps Rehabilitation & Therapy for Pets, Troy MI
At that time, he had been having hind limb weakness issues for several months. The first thing we noticed about Bailey was his ... Based upon his loud breathing and his hind limb neurologic signs, Bailey is suspected to have GOLPP or Geriatric Onset ... Baileys family has seen improvements in his gait and have noted less hind limb weakness since starting his rehabilitation ... Other nerves may also be affected, resulting in hindlimb weakness and esophageal dysfunction. Definitive diagnosis is made via ...
https://www.pawsitivestepsrehab.com/pet-of-the-month/item.html/n/200143
IschemiaRatsMusculoskeletal modelMusclesLimbLamenessOutgrowthIschemicIpsilateralSuspensionSymmetryNervesModelSevereMassageSignificantlyMuscleWeeksJournalStudySkeletalUnloadingMyocardial infarctionMiceTbx4BudsMorphologyLocomotionDorsalBiomechanicsGeneMusclePelvicHindlimbsBonesStridePelvisMouseInjuryDogsBloodControlSideIncludeElementsFlowShort
Ischemia5
  • Transplantation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of hindlimb ischemia. (elsevier.com)
  • In addition, we grafted preconditioned hPBMNCs in a hindlimb ischemia mouse model. (elsevier.com)
  • Taken together with our series of study, we believe that this simple but powerful therapeutic strategy will be helpful in curing patients with severe hindlimb ischemia. (elsevier.com)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the E-twenty six (ETS) factor Ets variant 2 (ETV2) gene expression in angiogenesis and the effect of ETV2 gene therapy in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. (bmrat.org)
  • The ETV2 viral vector was injected into the skeletal muscles at the ligated and burned sites of the hindlimb and evaluated for its efficacy as a gene therapy modality for ischemia. (bmrat.org)
Rats3
  • Muscle-specific effects of hindlimb suspension and clenbuterol in mature male rats. (msm.edu)
  • Distribution and muscle-sparing effects of clenbuterol in hindlimb-suspended rats. (msm.edu)
  • Skeletal unloading was designed using the model of hindlimb suspension in rats. (nih.gov)
Musculoskeletal model2
  • The model file (.osim) and bone geometries of the musculoskeletal model of a mouse hindlimb and pelvis as published in Charles et al. (simtk.org)
  • A musculoskeletal model of the feline hindlimb is developed for simulations to determine stimulation parameters for intrafascicular multielectrode stimulation (a method of FES) and the differences in modeling neuromuscular compartments compared with representing these muscles as a single line of action are explored. (semanticscholar.org)
Muscles4
  • The influence of modeling separate neuromuscular compartments on the force and moment generating capacities of muscles of the feline hindlimb. (semanticscholar.org)
  • We hypothesised that massage to the caudal muscles of the equine hindlimb, specifically the superficial gluteal, semitendinosus, biceps femoris and semimembranosus muscles, can increase passive and active hindlimb protraction. (amypowelldc.com)
  • If massage to the caudal muscles of the hindlimb can increase protraction in 'normal subjects', it may well be beneficial in enhancing equine performance pre- and post trauma. (amypowelldc.com)
  • In this study we explore the effects of massage to the caudal muscles (retractors) of the equine hindlimb on active and passive limb protraction and stride length. (amypowelldc.com)
Limb1
  • Pitx1 broadly associates with limb enhancers and is enriched on hindlimb cis-regulatory elements. (medlineplus.gov)
Lameness4
  • Interday and intraday stance analysis variability in dogs with hindlimb lameness and comparison of the effect of dog, surgeon, and TPLO surgical procedure variables on improvement of eight-week post-operative static weight-bearing. (k-state.edu)
  • Interday Variability Trial: Thirty-one consecutive dogs presenting for hindlimb lameness were included. (k-state.edu)
  • Day-to-day forelimb weight-bearing in dogs who are lame on a hindlimb is more variable, likely because of trial to trial changes in weight redistribution from lameness. (k-state.edu)
  • Characteristic hindlimb lameness presentations in dogs. (summaanimalidacompagnia.it)
Outgrowth2
  • Pitx1 is necessary for normal initiation of hindlimb outgrowth through regulation of Tbx4 expression and shapes hindlimb morphologies via targeted growth control. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The distribution of NCAM in the chick hindlimb during axon outgrowth and synaptogenesis. (medscape.com)
Ischemic3
  • However, insufficient angiogenesis in ischemic hindlimb after cell transplantation reduces the importance and practicality of this approach. (elsevier.com)
  • Previously, we demonstrated using mouse models that hypoxic preconditioning augmented the cellular functions of rodent PBMNCs, such as increased cell adhesion capacity and accelerated neovascularization in ischemic hindlimb. (elsevier.com)
  • 3D rendered spectrally unmixed photoacoustic image of a stem-cell injected, ischemic (right) and control (left) mouse hindlimb. (visualsonics.com)
Ipsilateral4
  • In the article, "The Role of Muscle Spindle Feedback in the Guidance of Hindlimb Movement by the Ipsilateral Forelimb during Locomotion in Mice," by William P. Mayer and Turgay Akay, which published online on November 11, 2021 , Movie 1 and Movie 2 were inadvertently switched because of a production error. (eneuro.org)
  • Intraday Variability Trial: There were no significant differences across trials for measured variables of % weight on the lame hindlimb, contralateral hindlimb, ipsilateral forelimb, or contralateral forelimb. (k-state.edu)
  • One of the primary goals of training young horses is to achieve 'engagement' of the hindquarters (Crossley 1993), which is associated with an earlier maximal protraction of the hindlimb with respect to the ipsilateral forelimb (Back and Clayton 2001). (amypowelldc.com)
  • A greater synchronicity of the ipsilateral retraction of the forelimb and protraction of the hindlimb at the trot is linked to an increased suppleness in the lateral bending of the body and is observed in horses with a naturally good gait (Back et al. (amypowelldc.com)
Suspension3
  • Single Muscle Fiber Enzyme Shifts with Hindlimb Suspension and Immobil" by Robert H. Fitts, C. J. Brimmer et al. (marquette.edu)
  • The purpose of this investigation was to determine how models of weightlessness, hindlimb suspension (HS), and hindlimb immobilization (HI) affect the metabolic enzyme profile in the slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG), and fast glycolytic (FG) fibers of rat hindlimb. (marquette.edu)
  • and Timmerman, R. J., "Single Muscle Fiber Enzyme Shifts with Hindlimb Suspension and Immobilization" (1989). (marquette.edu)
Symmetry1
  • Lin's Correlation coefficients showed strong correlation between trials for the lame hindlimb (0.682), contralateral hindlimb (0.817), body weight (0.863), and hindlimb symmetry index (0.726). (k-state.edu)
Nerves1
  • Other nerves may also be affected, resulting in hindlimb weakness and esophageal dysfunction. (pawsitivestepsrehab.com)
Model3
  • The present work demonstrates a simple method whereby treatment volumes can be enhanced by changing pulse timing (delivering pulsing in three trains, 30 s apart), without changing the electrical dose (51 pulses at pulse strengths of 600 V, durations of 50 µs, and repetition rates of 10 Hz), during IRE in a 3D hindlimb tumor model. (umn.edu)
  • Jiang, C , Shao, Q & Bischof, JC 2015, ' Pulse Timing During Irreversible Electroporation Achieves Enhanced Destruction in a Hindlimb Model of Cancer ', Annals of Biomedical Engineering , vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 887-895. (umn.edu)
  • Data were collected and partially processed for creating and analyzing the hindlimb model. (europa.eu)
Severe1
  • Therefore, only hindlimb hypoxemia of the degree present during severe exercise and/or metabolite(s) secondary to hypoxemia can elicit cardiovascular adjustments similar to those observed during exercise. (elsevier.com)
Massage3
  • Objectives: To determine the effect of massage on equine hindlimb protraction. (amypowelldc.com)
  • Conclusions: This study indicates that massage can increase protraction of the equine hindlimb. (amypowelldc.com)
  • Massage significantly increases the active protraction of the equine hindlimb, which results in an increase in stride length (active is defined as being performed by the horse). (amypowelldc.com)
Significantly1
  • Lin's Correlation Coefficients % body weight measured on Day 1 compared to Day 2 were significantly correlated on the lame hindlimb (0.524) and contralateral hindlimb (0.733). (k-state.edu)
Muscle2
  • DeLaurier A, Schweitzer R, Logan M. Pitx1 determines the morphology of muscle, tendon, and bones of the hindlimb. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Passive hindlimb protraction was measured before and after each intervention, using a modified version of the human 'Sit and Reach test' for general muscle flexibility. (amypowelldc.com)
Weeks1
  • Hypertrophy of the rat plantar flexors following eight weeks of voluntary hindlimb resistance exercise. (cdc.gov)
Journal1
  • Thornton, RM & Proppe, DW 1986, ' Attenuation of hindlimb vasodilation in heat-stressed baboons during dehydration ', American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology , vol. 250, no. 1 (19/1), pp. (uthscsa.edu)
Study1
  • The purpose of the study was to investigate the adaptation process of hindlimb cortical bone subjected to free-fall landing training. (ntnu.edu.tw)
Skeletal3
  • J Strength Cond Res 30(1): 1-10, 2016-The purpose of this study was to conduct a 14-day hindlimb suspension (HS) with and without (−)-epicatechin supplementation to determine whether (−)-epicatechin treatment can attenuate the loss in muscle degradation, angiogenesis, and mitochondrial signaling in oxidative skeletal muscle. (lww.com)
  • The hindlimb suspension paradigm with rodents is a research model used to study skeletal muscle adaptation when the muscle is unloaded ( 22 ). (lww.com)
  • Effect of short-term hindlimb immobilization on skeletal muscle atrophy and the transcriptome in a low compared with high responder to endurance training model. (harvard.edu)
Unloading2
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a beta-1 adrenergic (Adrb1) agonist, dobutamine (DOB), on disuse-induced changes in bone integrity during 28 d of hindlimb unloading (HU). (medscape.com)
  • The rodent hindlimb unloading (HU) model is a well-established ground-based model for investigating disuse effects on bone and muscle. (medscape.com)
Myocardial infarction1
  • Ongoing and future projects include rat myocardial infarction and hindlimb models of xenotransplantation to support human trials of selected mononuclear cell transfer, and of mesenenchymal cell preparations for myocardial salvage after infarction. (nih.gov)
Mice3
  • The similarly sized tibia and fibula of mutant hindlimbs may be taken to resemble forelimb bones: however, the mutant limb buds appear to have retained their molecular identity as assessed by forelimb expression of Tbx5 and by hindlimb expression of Tbx4, even though Tbx4 expression is decreased in Ptx1 null mice. (nih.gov)
  • The amino-acid sequences of the T-domain region of the Tbx4 gene, which is required for hindlimb development, are 100% identical in humans and mice. (bioone.org)
  • Representative mice are shown with x-ray radiography, Micro-CT, and Alizarin red hindlimb prep. (jci.org)
Tbx45
  • Induction of a hindlimb field occurs normally in Tbx4 mutants and initial patterning of the hindlimb bud appears normal. (biologists.com)
  • However,hindlimb buds from Tbx4 mutants fail to develop either in vivo or in vitro and do not maintain Fgf10 expression in the mesenchyme. (biologists.com)
  • The expression of another, closely-linked, T-box gene, Tbx2 , is reduced in both the hindlimb and the allantois of Tbx4 -mutant embryos prior to the development of overt morphological abnormalities, which suggests that Tbx4 regulates Tbx2 in these tissues. (biologists.com)
  • Pitx1 is necessary for normal initiation of hindlimb outgrowth through regulation of Tbx4 expression and shapes hindlimb morphologies via targeted growth control. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The d N / d S values for the T-domain and C-terminal regions of the cetacean and artiodactylous Tbx4 genes were much lower than 1, indicating that the Tbx4 gene maintains it function in cetaceans, although full expression leading to hindlimb development is suppressed. (bioone.org)
Buds2
  • Since the most affected structures derive from the dorsal side of hindlimb buds, the data suggest that Ptx1 is responsible for patterning of these dorsal structures and that as such it may control development of hindlimb-specific features. (nih.gov)
  • Cetaceans have lost most of their hindlimb structure, although hindlimb buds are present in very early cetacean embryos. (bioone.org)
Morphology1
  • DeLaurier A, Schweitzer R, Logan M. Pitx1 determines the morphology of muscle, tendon, and bones of the hindlimb. (medlineplus.gov)
Locomotion1
  • These models, each fixed to alternative local anatomical reference frames, were used to investigate the hypothesis that lateral rotation of the mobile ilio-sacral joint in the anuran pelvis plays a propulsive role in walking locomotion by increasing hindlimb stride length. (tees.ac.uk)
Dorsal1
  • Using a caliper rule, tape measure and hoof gauge, measurements of the length and width of the frog, hoof height, angle of heel, medial and lateral dorsal length, angle of the toe and crown circumference of the hooves of forelimbs and hindlimb were taken. (scielo.br)
Biomechanics1
  • This paper is the first of a three-part series that investigates the architecture of cancellous ('spongy') bone in the main hindlimb bones of theropod dinosaurs, and uses cancellous bone architectural patterns to infer locomotor biomechanics in extinct non-avian species. (rvc.ac.uk)
Gene2
  • The restricted expression of the Ptx1 (Pitx1) gene in the posterior half of the lateral plate mesoderm has suggested that it may play a role in specification of posterior structures, in particular, specification of hindlimb identity. (nih.gov)
  • We now show that targeted inactivation of the mouse Ptx1 gene severely impairs hindlimb development: the ilium and knee cartilage are absent and the long bones are underdeveloped. (nih.gov)
Muscle2
  • Akeson, Wayne H. / Long‐term measurement of muscle function in the dog hindlimb using a new apparatus . (northwestern.edu)
  • Findings from hindlimb suspension studies indicate that the mechanisms associated with muscle degradation may be due, in part, to changes in the Akt/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and FoxO (forkhead box O) signaling pathways ( 36 ). (lww.com)
Pelvic2
  • The abnormal male Newhampshire of five months age with three hindlimbs was examined macroscopically and radiographically The external feature included two normal wings, two normal hindlimbs and an underdeveloped extra hindlimb, which was attached to the pelvic region. (kjvr.org)
  • The Field Museum's fossil also retained its rear pelvic girdle and one hindlimb with four tiny toes. (livescience.com)
Hindlimbs1
  • Unlike most quadrupedal animals where the differences between fore- and hindlimbs are relatively small, the bat forelimb has developed into a wing and thus differs dramatically from the hindlimb. (mpg.de)
Bones2
  • The bones of extra hindlimb were fused into one except one row of digit, which was attached to the tibiotarsus like bone. (kjvr.org)
  • On this premise, computed tomographic and image analysis techniques were used to describe and analyse the three-dimensional architecture of cancellous bone in the main hindlimb bones of theropod dinosaurs for the first time. (rvc.ac.uk)
Stride1
  • The hindlimb joint motions throughout a single stride were temporally synchronized with lateral rotation of the pelvis. (tees.ac.uk)
Pelvis1
  • However, comparison between our two kinematic models demonstrated that lateral rotation of the pelvis only increases the cranio-caudal excursion of the hindlimb modestly. (tees.ac.uk)
Mouse1
Injury1
  • Inspect the resting leg for indications of trauma or injury, such as cuts, scrapes or swellings Lameness in the acceleratory phase (second one-half) of hindlimb stance (pattern 2). (forbannadevolal-tas.com)
Dogs1
  • Twenty conditioned dogs were anesthetized and placed supine with one hindlimb secured in a boot apparatus. (northwestern.edu)
Blood2
  • Contrary to expectations, in most animals, venous return was facilitated, such that no more blood accumulated in the hindlimb than when labyrinthine signals were present. (nih.gov)
  • Sold in a Pack of 4) The Canine Hindlimb Skin is skin plate intended to be used with the SynDaver Surgical Canine to simulate a digital pulse and to do blood draws or to set up an IV line. (syndaver.com)
Control1
  • Biomechanical capabilities influence postural control strategies in the cat hindlimb. (neurotree.org)
Side1
  • Hind leg lameness may also cause the horse to lean towards the healthier side Hindlimb lameness is more common than people realise, particularly when the onset is gradual, subtle and affects both hindlegs the same. (forbannadevolal-tas.com)
Include1
  • include fossils of the hindlimb ) and forelimb, including portions of the wrist and hand. (becominghuman.org)
Elements2
  • Pitx1 broadly associates with limb enhancers and is enriched on hindlimb cis-regulatory elements. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These specimens have hindlimb elements previously unknown from elmisaurines in the Dinosaur Park Formation, including tibiae and pedal phalanges. (bioone.org)
Flow1
  • The aim of this study was to develop an evaluation technique to determine the lymph flow in the hindlimb of the horse. (orthovetsupersite.com)
Short1
  • In this brief, sudden limp, a dog will hold their hindlimb off the ground for a short period of time before walking normally again. (petmd.com)
Ketogenic diet induces skeletal muscle atrophy via reducing muscle protein synthesis and possibly activating proteolysis in...
Ketogenic diet induces skeletal muscle atrophy via reducing muscle protein synthesis and possibly activating proteolysis in... (nature.com)
Calendar | IVIS
Calendar | IVIS (ivis.org)
Selective neuronal degeneration in MATR3 S85C knock-in mouse model of early-stage ALS | Nature Communications
Selective neuronal degeneration in MATR3 S85C knock-in mouse model of early-stage ALS | Nature Communications (nature.com)
PITX1 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
PITX1 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics (medlineplus.gov)
De novo synthesis of adenine nucleotides in different skeletal muscle fiber types. | Semantic Scholar
De novo synthesis of adenine nucleotides in different skeletal muscle fiber types. | Semantic Scholar (semanticscholar.org)
Multidirectional Glenohumeral Instability: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
Multidirectional Glenohumeral Instability: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology (emedicine.medscape.com)
Nrf2 suppresses macrophage inflammatory response by blocking proinflammatory cytokine transcription | Nature Communications
Nrf2 suppresses macrophage inflammatory response by blocking proinflammatory cytokine transcription | Nature Communications (nature.com)
USEA | Warm-Up Exercises for Jumping with Phillip Dutton
USEA | Warm-Up Exercises for Jumping with Phillip Dutton (useventing.com)
Plus it
Plus it (jneurosci.org)
Carlos M. Gradil | Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Carlos M. Gradil | Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (umass.edu)
Hind limb of a horse - 3D model by 3dvetlab [4d60dc8] - Sketchfab
Hind limb of a horse - 3D model by 3dvetlab [4d60dc8] - Sketchfab (sketchfab.com)
NASA Spaceline Current Awareness List #897 1 May 2020 (Space Life Science Research Results) - SpaceRef
NASA Spaceline Current Awareness List #897 1 May 2020 (Space Life Science Research Results) - SpaceRef (spaceref.com)
Plus it
Plus it (jneurosci.org)
The bowfin genome illuminates the developmental evolution of ray-finned fishes | Nature Genetics
The bowfin genome illuminates the developmental evolution of ray-finned fishes | Nature Genetics (nature.com)
Hirschsprung Disease Medication: Antibiotics, Toxins
Hirschsprung Disease Medication: Antibiotics, Toxins (medscape.com)
Hirschsprung Disease: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Hirschsprung Disease: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology (medscape.com)
Arterial smooth muscle cell PKD2 (TRPP1) channels regulate systemic blood pressure | eLife
Arterial smooth muscle cell PKD2 (TRPP1) channels regulate systemic blood pressure | eLife (elifesciences.org)
Douglas Paulsen, Ph.D. | Morehouse School of Medicine
Douglas Paulsen, Ph.D. | Morehouse School of Medicine (msm.edu)
Treatment of refractory angina in patients not suitable for revascularization | Nature Reviews Cardiology
Treatment of refractory angina in patients not suitable for revascularization | Nature Reviews Cardiology (nature.com)
Plus it
Plus it (jneurosci.org)
Permian tetrapods from the Sahara show climate-controlled endemism in Pangaea | Nature
Permian tetrapods from the Sahara show climate-controlled endemism in Pangaea | Nature (nature.com)
Versatile robotic interface to evaluate, enable and train locomotion and balance after neuromotor disorders | Nature Medicine
Versatile robotic interface to evaluate, enable and train locomotion and balance after neuromotor disorders | Nature Medicine (nature.com)
JCI - Tetracyclines improve experimental lymphatic filariasis pathology by disrupting interleukin-4 receptor-mediated...
JCI - Tetracyclines improve experimental lymphatic filariasis pathology by disrupting interleukin-4 receptor-mediated... (jci.org)
A Hox Regulatory Network Establishes Motor Neuron Pool Identity and Target-Muscle Connectivity: Cell
A Hox Regulatory Network Establishes Motor Neuron Pool Identity and Target-Muscle Connectivity: Cell (cell.com)
Liebenberg syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics
Liebenberg syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics (medlineplus.gov)
Cowpox Virus Transmission from Pet Rats to Humans, Germany - Volume 15, Number 5-May 2009 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
Cowpox Virus Transmission from Pet Rats to Humans, Germany - Volume 15, Number 5-May 2009 - Emerging Infectious Diseases... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 1 - Cowpox Virus Transmission from Pet Rats to Humans, Germany - Volume 15, Number 5-May 2009 - Emerging Infectious...
Figure 1 - Cowpox Virus Transmission from Pet Rats to Humans, Germany - Volume 15, Number 5-May 2009 - Emerging Infectious... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Infection in Foal, Brazil - Volume 15, Number 5-May 2009 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Infection in Foal, Brazil - Volume 15, Number 5-May 2009 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Volume 36 Issue 2 | Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
Volume 36 Issue 2 | Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (bioone.org)