Hexachlorophene
A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)
Dichlorophen
Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier Protein) Reductase (NADPH, B-Specific)
Soaps
Sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. These detergent substances are obtained by boiling natural oils or fats with caustic alkali. Sodium soaps are harder and are used as topical anti-infectives and vehicles in pills and liniments; potassium soaps are soft, used as vehicles for ointments and also as topical antimicrobials.
Bacillus megaterium
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
Puerto Rico
An island in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies. Its capital is San Juan. It is a self-governing commonwealth in union with the United States. It was discovered by Columbus in 1493 but no colonization was attempted until 1508. It belonged to Spain until ceded to the United States in 1898. It became a commonwealth with autonomy in internal affairs in 1952. Columbus named the island San Juan for St. John's Day, the Monday he arrived, and the bay Puerto Rico, rich harbor. The island became Puerto Rico officially in 1932. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p987 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p436)
Soil
Public Health
Questionnaires
Inhibition of the Staphylococcus aureus NADPH-dependent enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase by triclosan and hexachlorophene. (1/46)
Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI) plays a determinant role in completing cycles of elongation in type II fatty acid synthase systems and is an important target for antibacterial drugs. The FabI component of Staphylococcus aureus (saFabI) was identified, and its properties were compared with Escherichia coli FabI (ecFabI). ecFabI and saFabI had similar specific activities, and saFabI expression complemented the E. coli fabI(Ts) mutant, illustrating that the Gram-positive FabI was interchangeable with the Gram-negative FabI enzyme. However, ecFabI was specific for NADH, whereas saFabI exhibited specific and positive cooperative binding of NADPH. Triclosan and hexachlorophene inhibited both ecFabI and saFabI. The triclosan-resistant ecFabI(G93V) protein was also refractory to hexachlorophene inhibition, illustrating that both drugs bind at the FabI active site. Both the introduction of a plasmid expressing the safabI gene or a missense mutation in the chromosomal safabI gene led to triclosan resistance in S. aureus; however, these strains did not exhibit cross-resistance to hexachlorophene. The replacement of the ether linkage in triclosan by a carbon bridge in hexachlorophene prevented the formation of a stable FabI-NAD(P)(+)-drug ternary complex. Thus, the formation of this ternary complex is a key determinant of the antibacterial activity of FabI inhibitors. (+info)Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Association for Professionals in Infection Control/Infectious Diseases Society of America. (2/46)
The Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings provides health-care workers (HCWs) with a review of data regarding handwashing and hand antisepsis in health-care settings. In addition, it provides specific recommendations to promote improved hand-hygiene practices and reduce transmission ofpathogenic microorganisms to patients and personnel in health-care settings. This report reviews studies published since the 1985 CDC guideline (Garner JS, Favero MS. CDC guideline for handwashing and hospital environmental control, 1985. Infect Control 1986;7:231-43) and the 1995 APIC guideline (Larson EL, APIC Guidelines Committee. APIC guideline for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings. Am J Infect Control 1995;23:251-69) were issued and provides an in-depth review of hand-hygiene practices of HCWs, levels of adherence of personnel to recommended handwashing practices, and factors adversely affecting adherence. New studies of the in vivo efficacy of alcohol-based hand rubs and the low incidence of dermatitis associated with their use are reviewed. Recent studies demonstrating the value of multidisciplinary hand-hygiene promotion programs and the potential role of alcohol-based hand rubs in improving hand-hygiene practices are summarized. Recommendations concerning related issues (e.g., the use of surgical hand antiseptics, hand lotions or creams, and wearing of artificial fingernails) are also included. (+info)Application of a gloved-hand model for multiparameter measurements of skin-degerming activity. (3/46)
The application of an established gloved-hand model to multiparameter measurements of skin-degerming activity is described. In particular, appropriate experimental designs are illustrated which allow characterization of performance of topical skin-cleansing preparations in terms of rapid, sustained, cummulative, and persistent skin-degerming effects on the hand. Single-contact studies were used to define the degerming activity profiles of selected commercial surgical scrub preparations, and to establish the optimal post-treatment sampling interval for individual preparations. Rapid and sustained skin-degerming effects were measured and contrasted. Rapid skin-degerming activity, iodophor preparation. Sustained skin-degerming activity, namely, that occurring on the gloved hand during a postcontact interval, was shown and characterized for two hexachlorophene preparations. Multiple-contact studies with a 3% hexachlorophene preparations were used to illustrate cummulative and persistent skin-degerming effects. Cummulative skin-degerming activity was demonstrated in terms of progressive bacterial reductions after repeated contacts within a single day. Presistent skin-degerming activity was shown in terms of the profile of daily pretreatment bacterial counts after multiple contacts over successive days. Uniformity of treatment response was established for a broad range of pretreatment bacterial counts extending from approximatley log 4 to log 7 per hand. The importance of pretreatment bacterial count measurement and of adequate neutralization of hand extract samples is stressed. A randomized-hand experimental design is discussed relative to its versatility and amenability to statistical analysis. (+info)ACNE VULGARIS. EVALUATION OF A MEDICATED CLEANSING PAD. (4/46)
Using the technique of simultaneous, symmetrical paired comparisons, a medicated cleansing pad that can be easily used at work or at school as an adjunctive in the treatment of acne vulgaris was evaluated.The experimental pads were significantly beneficial in reducing skin oiliness and in clinical improvement of the acne. Response to standard acne therapy was faster when the pads were used adjunctively, although the significant results seen initially tended to even out as therapy continued. Use of the medicated pads produced no untoward side effects and were well accepted by patients. (+info)INFECTION AND HEALING IN SUPERFICIAL WOUNDS. A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF TOPICAL TREATMENT METHODS. (5/46)
The comparative value of nitrofurazone-hydrocortisone cream, of saline solution soaks and of a dry method of care in preventing or curing surface infections was studied in 86 patients. Of a total of 117 discrete lesions treated, 59 were infected, most of these being chronically infected decubital ulcers in paraplegic patients. The other lesions were burns, avulsive and wringer injuries, orthopedic surgical wounds and various abrasions. Excellent results were obtained with the nitrofurazone-hydrocortisone cream in infected lesions: infection rapidly cleared in all 37 lesions treated although only 29 healed completely and promptly. Five lesions were improved, and in three instances healing was unduly delayed. Among 22 infected lesions treated twice daily with saline solution soaks, only five were cured, two improved, seven had delayed healing, and eight had no improvement. In the non-infected wounds, saline soaks or plain dry care after surgical debridement and hexachlorophene cleansing gave results generally more comparable to those obtained in similar cases treated with the nitrofurazone-hydrocortisone cream. (+info)Prediction of mechanisms of action of antibacterial compounds by gene expression profiling. (6/46)
We have generated a database of expression profiles carrying the transcriptional responses of the model organism Bacillus subtilis following treatment with 37 well-characterized antibacterial compounds of different classes. The database was used to build a predictor for the assignment of the mechanisms of action (MoAs) of antibacterial compounds by the use of support vector machines. This predictor was able to correctly classify the MoA class for most compounds tested. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the in vivo MoA of hexachlorophene does not match the MoA predicted from in vitro data, a situation frequently faced in drug discovery. A database of this kind may facilitate the prioritization of novel antibacterial entities in drug discovery programs. Potential applications and limitations are discussed. (+info)Recurring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in a football team. (7/46)
An outbreak of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) occurred in a college football team from August to September 2003. Eleven case-players were identified, and boils were the most common sign. Linemen had the highest attack rate (18%). Among 99 (93% of team) players with cultured specimens, 8 (8%) had positive MRSA nasal cultures. All available case-players' MRSA isolates characterized had the community-associated pulsed-field type USA300. A case-control study found that sharing bars of soap and having preexisting cuts or abrasions were associated with infection. A carrier-control study found that having a locker near a teammate with an SSTI, sharing towels, and living on campus were associated with nasal carriage. Successful outbreak control measures included daily hexachlorophene showers and hygiene education. (+info)Hexachlorophene inhibits Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by promoting Siah-mediated beta-catenin degradation. (8/46)
Aberrant activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and subsequent up-regulation of beta-catenin response transcription (CRT) is a critical event in the development of human colon cancer. Thus, Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is an attractive target for the development of anticancer therapeutics. In this study, we identified hexachlorophene as an inhibitor of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling from cell-based small-molecule screening. Hexachlorophene antagonized CRT that was stimulated by Wnt3a-conditioned medium by promoting the degradation of beta-catenin. This degradation pathway is Siah-1 and adenomatous polyposis colidependent, but glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and F-box beta-transducin repeat-containing protein-independent. In addition, hexachlorophene represses the expression of cyclin D1, which is a known beta-catenin target gene, and inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells. Our findings suggest that hexachlorophene attenuates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through the Siah-1-mediated beta-catenin degradation. (+info)
Hexachlorophene - Wikipedia
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NEPACCO operated at the site until 1972, when Hexachlorophene was banned by the FDA following a number of deaths attributed to ... "Hexachlorophene". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-09-05. "Syntex Facility Site" (PDF). Missouri Natural Resources. ... In addition part of the facility was leased to NEPACCO for the production of Hexachlorophene, the byproduct of which was ...
Dial (soap)
Hexachlorophene, the active ingredient in Dial, was removed from the consumer market and strictly limited in the hospital ... Dial was made antibacterial by the addition of hexachlorophene, referred to by the company as AT-7. The product was named Dial ... "US Order Curbs Hexachlorophene". Milwaukee Sentinel. 23 September 1972. Retrieved 10 May 2012. Shyr, Luna I. (18 February 1996 ... Although researchers had never established a link between hexachlorophene and germ protection, Armour's early advertisements ...
List of toothpaste brands
Stripe with hexachlorophene. Marketed by Lever Brothers. Tom's of Maine: founded by Tom and Kate Chappell in 1970 with US$5,000 ...
Antimicrobial
Hexachlorophene (Bisphenol) is used as a surfactant. It is widely used in soaps, handwashes, and skin products because of its ...
Fasciolopsiasis
Oxyclozanide, hexachlorophene and nitroxynil are also highly effective. F. buski is endemic in Asia including China, Taiwan, ...
Ipana
It was not known at that time that hexachlorophene was dangerous, and so, the ingredient was later removed. In the 1950s, ... In 1959, Bristol-Myers added hexachlorophene to Ipana toothpaste. Television ads at that time proudly proclaimed that this ... Stripe Toothpaste with Hexachlorophene Apocalypzia.com. 16 February, 2010. Retrieved 27 February, 2021. European New Product ...
Fabric treatment
Germicides consist of halogenated salicylanilides, hexachlorophene, neomycin sulfate and benzalkonium quaternary compounds. ...
Seveso disaster
The 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was intended as an intermediate for hexachlorophene. This reaction must be carried out at a ...
NEPACCO
Following the ban of Hexachlorophene in 1972, NEPACCO halted production on the site. By 1974, the company had liquidated all ... NEPACCO's main product was hexachlorophene, which it began producing after leasing a Verona, Missouri based chemical production ...
ChemRisk
where Hexachlorophene had previously been manufactured at a production facility in Times Beach, Missouri. "Large amounts of ... For three years Paustenbach worked on a project related to hexachlorophene, and dioxin which is its toxic byproduct. ... dioxin, a toxic byproduct of hexachlorophene, had been accidentally mixed with motor oil and sprayed on roads and land ...
Polyhalogenated compound
Polycholorinated, e.g. PCBs, dioxins (PCDDs), hexachlorophene, dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychloro phenoxy phenols (PCPPs), ...
Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds
... and hexachlorophene. (Historical) Engines using leaded fuel, which contained the additives 1,2-Dichloroethane and 1,2- ...
Antiseptic
Phenols such as phenol itself (as introduced by Lister) and triclosan, hexachlorophene, chlorocresol, and chloroxylenol. The ...
Triclocarban
... is similar in its use and adverse health impacts as triclosan, and hexachlorophene which was already prohibited by ...
Bithionol
It is related to the organochlorine hexachlorophene, which has been shown to be an isomer-specific inhibitor of soluble ...
Triclosan
Because the FDA prohibited hexachlorophene, a compound similar to triclosan, Halden and others argued that the FDA should also ... The 19 ingredients are: Cloflucarban Fluorosalan Hexachlorophene Hexylresorcinol Iodine complex (ammonium ether sulfate and ...
Walborg Thorsell
Studies on the effect of hexachlorophene on the cuticle and the intestine from liver flukes, Fasciola hepatics L., incubated in ...
Times Beach, Missouri
The ban was motivated by the death of thirty-two infants in France who were exposed to high levels of hexachlorophene in baby ... From 1970 to 1972, NEPACCO was primarily involved in the production of hexachlorophene (3), an antibacterial agent used in soap ... NEPACCO was able to reduce the concentration of dioxin in hexachlorophene to 0.1 ppm. The result of this purification process ... had issued a ban that limited the use of hexachlorophene. ...
Disinfectant
Hexachlorophene is a phenolic that was once used as a germicidal additive to some household products but was banned due to ...
Cerebral edema
Toxic exposures to methionine sulfoxime, cuprizone, isoniazid, triethyl tin, hexachlorophene, and hydrogen cyanide have been ...
G11
... an experimental assault rifle Hereditary ataxia Hexachlorophene, an organic chemical Logitech G11, a computer keyboard This ...
Hexosan
... may refer to: Any of a group of polysaccharide hemicelluloses that hydrolyze to hexose Hexachlorophene, an ...
List of MeSH codes (D02)
... hexachlorophene MeSH D02.455.426.559.389.261.220 - dicofol MeSH D02.455.426.559.389.261.250 - dinitrochlorobenzene MeSH D02.455 ... hexachlorophene MeSH D02.755.190.633 - pentachlorophenol MeSH D02.755.239.132 - bisacodyl MeSH D02.755.239.180 - brocresine ...
ATC code D08
... combinations D08AE01 Hexachlorophene D08AE02 Policresulen D08AE03 Phenol D08AE04 Triclosan D08AE05 Chloroxylenol D08AE06 ...
Paramphistomum cervi
... hexachlorophene and resorantel are highly effective against both adult and immature flukes. An in vitro demonstration shows ...
AT-7
... a World War II training aircraft Hexachlorophene, an organic chemical that was used as an antiseptic and also in agriculture ...
Photodermatitis
St John's Wort Hexachlorophene (found in some prescription antibacterial soaps) Tetracycline antibiotics (e.g., tetracycline, ...
AT17
... or AT-17 may mean: Hexachlorophene, an organic chemical that was used as an antiseptic and also in agriculture Cessna AT- ...
Fasciolosis
... hexachlorophene (Bilevon), nitroxynil (Trodax) Salicylanilides: closantel (Flukiver, Supaverm), rafoxanide (Flukanide, Ranizole ...
Bactericide
... such as hexachlorophene, triclosan and Dibromol, and cationic surfactants, such as 0.05 - 0.5% benzalkonium, 0.5 - 4% ... such as hexachlorophene, triclosan, trichlorophenol, tribromophenol, pentachlorophenol, salts and isomers thereof), cationic ...
Browsing by Subject "Hexachlorophene"
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So why risk using a product that contains hexachlorophene? Other documented harmful effects caused by hexachlorophene are eye ... Hexachlorophene. Do you want to use a shampoo or conditioner that may cause darkening of the skin or face? Absolutely not, ... Hexachlorophene can cause melasma, a skin condition where some areas of the skin become darker (hyperpigmentation). [4] ... The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) put out warnings about shampoos and conditioners that contain hexachlorophene. ...
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The findings of the visit indicated that workers who were employed in the hexachlorophene department between 1957 and 1984 ... Prior work in the hexachlorophene department for these individuals cannot be documented. It was not possible to identify ... workers employed in 245T production from 1945 through 1949 or the maintenance workers who serviced the hexachlorophene or 245T ...
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Hexachlorophene Is A No-No In Cosmetics. Another chemical that the FDA prohibits from being used within cosmetics is ... Each product can use no more than 0.1% of hexachlorophene only if no other preservatives are safe. In addition, there can be no ... hexachlorophene. This is because it is capable of penetrating human skin and can lead to adverse effects. Some of these side ... cosmetic products using hexachlorophene on any mucous membranes, including the lips. Any products for children cannot contain ...
Quaternary1
- The isolation of microorganisms from surfaces sanitized with quaternary ammonium compounds, phenols, hexachlorophene, formalin and ethanol. (miclev.se)
Antibacterial2
- Hexachlorophene is an antiseptic with antibacterial properties that is used in shampoos. (pestcontrol.ae)
- Sep 19, 2012·For example, the chemical formula name for the antibacterial property of Dial soap is hexachlorophene. (tatasam.pl)
Talc4
- In France in 1972, 204 children were poisoned, and 36 of them died after being exposed to toxic talc contaminated with 6.3% hexachlorophene in what was later excused by investigators as a "manufacturing error. (pieceofmindful.com)
- Eventually, in August, the analyses carried out helped identify a cause associated with the use of a product named "Talc Morhange", and more specifically with a powerful bactericide it contained in excessive concentrations: hexachlorophene. (cosmetotheque.com)
- The investigations revealed the cause of the incident: an operational error led to 38 kg of hexachlorophene, a highly toxic product, being mixed with 600 kg of talc. (cosmetotheque.com)
- The concentration of this ingredient was supposed to be very low, but the error resulted in a normal talc can being mixed with the remainder of a can of hexachlorophene thought to contain talc. (cosmetotheque.com)
Concentrations1
- As early as 1969 researchers reported "visible brain damage" in rats from small concentrations of hexachlorophene. (pieceofmindful.com)
Findings2
- The findings of the visit indicated that workers who were employed in the hexachlorophene department between 1957 and 1984 could be identified and were appropriate for inclusion in the NIOSH dioxin Registry. (cdc.gov)
- Reports in the mid-1960s began a long, slow journey that ultimately led to use restrictions by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1972 - over a year after the EPA released research findings that found hexachlorophene was "toxic" and able to enter the bloodstream via "dermal absorption. (pieceofmindful.com)
Found1
- Natural Beauty Cleansing Bar is absolutely free of soap and the harsh, irritating ingredients found in soap, such as caustic soda, lye, tallow, hexachlorophene and alkalis. (greatearthtorrance.com)
Years2
- It was not possible to identify hexachlorophene workers employed between 1945 and 1956, workers employed in 245T production from 1945 through 1949 or the maintenance workers who serviced the hexachlorophene or 245T processes during their years of operation. (cdc.gov)
- In 1972, after over 20 years of unrestricted, over-the-counter use, hexachlorophene was NOT banned, but restricted by federal regulation to 1% concentration in over-the-counter sales. (pieceofmindful.com)
Daily hexachlorophene showers and hygiene education2
Chlorhexidine2
- Some authors suggest a mild antibacterial agent (ie, chlorhexidine, hexachlorophene or povidone-iodine) be added to the bath water. (nih.gov)
- Certain hand-sanitiser combinations may also contain limited amounts of hexachlorophene, quaternary ammonium compounds, povidone-iodine, triclosan, or chlorhexidine gluconate. (axiobio.com)
PHisoHex2
- pHisoHex, brand of hexachlorophene detergent cleanser, is an antibacterial sudsing emulsion for topical administration. (nih.gov)
- pHisoHex contains a colloidal dispersion of hexachlorophene 3% (w/w) in a stable emulsion consisting of entsufon sodium, petrolatum, lanolin cholesterols, methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol monostearate, lauryl myristyl diethanolamide, sodium benzoate, and water. (nih.gov)
Toxicity2
- Genetic Toxicity Evaluation of Hexachlorophene in Salmonella/E.coli Mutagenicity Test or Ames Test. (nih.gov)
- 1978). Systemic Toxicity 25 Hexachloraphene Hexachlorophene has been extensively used for reducing the incidence of staphylococcal infections among the newborn (Haddad 1990b). (catalinapawn.com)
Topical1
- Examination of brainstems of those infants revealed vacuolization like that which can be produced in newborn experimental animals following repeated topical application of 3 percent hexachlorophene. (nih.gov)
Infants4
- Once widely used in over-the-counter products, hexachlorophene is now prescription-only, after overdose incidents in infants in France in the 1970's. (scitoys.com)
- Infants, especially premature infants or those with dermatoses, are particularly susceptible to hexachlorophene absorption. (nih.gov)
- Infants have developed dermatitis, irritability, generalized clonic muscular contractions and decerebrate rigidity following application of a 6 percent hexachlorophene powder. (nih.gov)
- Moreover, a study of histologic sections of premature infants who died of unrelated causes has shown a positive correlation between hexachlorophene baths and lesions in white matter of brains. (nih.gov)
Trichlorophenol1
- This company produced 2,4,5- trichlorophenol (95954) (245T) from 1945 to 1949 and hexachlorophene (70304) from 1945 to 1984. (cdc.gov)
Agent2
- Hexachlorophene is a broad spectrum anti-bacterial agent. (scitoys.com)
- This assay was used in a pilot screen to discover the anti-infective agent, hexachlorophene, as an inhibitor of GRP78. (nih.gov)
SOLUTION1
- Personnel observed the usual hand washing technique using a 3% hexachlorophene solution. (jamanetwork.com)
Study1
- An overview of Genetic Toxicology Bacterial Mutagenicity study conclusions related to Hexachlorophene (70-30-4). (nih.gov)
Skin2
- Rapid absorption of hexachlorophene may occur with resultant toxic blood levels when preparations containing hexachlorophene are applied to skin lesions such as ichthyosis congenita, the dermatitis of Letterer-Siwe's syndrome, or other generalized dermatological conditions. (nih.gov)
- Because of its toxic effect and ability to penetrate human skin, hexachlorophene (HCP) may be used only when no other preservative has been shown to be as effective. (fda.gov)