Heterotrophic Processes
The processes by which organisms utilize organic substances as their nutrient sources. Contrasts with AUTOTROPHIC PROCESSES which make use of simple inorganic substances as the nutrient supply source. Heterotrophs can be either chemoheterotrophs (or chemoorganotrophs) which also require organic substances such as glucose for their primary metabolic energy requirements, or photoheterotrophs (or photoorganotrophs) which derive their primary energy requirements from light. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (AUTOTROPHY; heterotrophy; chemotrophy; or PHOTOTROPHY) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrients and energy requirements.
Multiple antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria in the littoral zone of Lake Shira as an indicator of human impact on the ecosystem. (1/132)
Resistance to Ampicillin and Kanamycin displayed by heterotrophic bacteria isolated in Summer and in Spring from the littoral and the central parts of Lake Shira (a therapeutic lake in the Khakasia Republic, Russia) has been investigated. It has been found that in Summer, human and animal microflora featuring multiple antibiotic resistance (to Ampicillin and Kanamycin) predominates in all the studied stations of the littoral zone of the lake. In Spring, concentrations of bacteria featuring multiple antibiotic resistance decrease significantly and bacteria sensitive to antibiotics predominate in the lake. Emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance in bacteria of Lake Shira is caused by the input of allochthonous bacteria into the lake; this feature of heterotrophic bacteria of Lake Shira can be used to monitor the impact on the ecosystem made by health resorts. (+info)Two different domains of the luciferase gene in the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans occur as two separate genes in photosynthetic species. (2/132)
Noctiluca scintillans, a heterotrophic unarmored unicellular bioluminescent dinoflagellate, occurs widely in the oceans, often as a bloom. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequences consistently has placed this species on the basal branch of dinoflagellates. Here, we report that the structural organization of its luciferase gene is strikingly different from that of the seven luminous species previously characterized, all of which are photosynthetic. The Noctiluca gene codes for a polypeptide that consists of two distinct but contiguous domains. One, which is located in the N-terminal portion, is shorter than but similar in sequence to the individual domains of the three-domain luciferases found in all other luminous dinoflagellates studied. The other, situated in the C-terminal part, has sequence similarity to the luciferin-binding protein of the luminous dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum, encoded there by a separate gene. Western analysis shows that the native protein has the same size (approximately 100 kDa) as the heterologously expressed polypeptide, indicating that it is not a polyprotein. Thus, sequences found in two proteins in the L. polyedrum bioluminescence system are present in a single polypeptide in Noctiluca. (+info)Characterization of a marine gammaproteobacterium capable of aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis. (3/132)
Members of the gammaproteobacterial clade NOR5/OM60 regularly form an abundant part, up to 11%, of the bacterioplankton community in coastal systems during the summer months. Here, we report the nearly complete genome sequence of one cultured representative, Congregibacter litoralis strain KT71, isolated from North Sea surface water. Unexpectedly, a complete photosynthesis superoperon, including genes for accessory pigments, was discovered. It has a high sequence similarity to BAC clones from Monterey Bay [Beja O, Suzuki MT, Heidelberg JF, Nelson WC, Preston CM, et al. (2002) Nature 415:630-633], which also share a nearly identical gene arrangement. Although cultures of KT71 show no obvious pigmentation, bacteriochlorophyll a and spirilloxanthin-like carotenoids could be detected by HPLC analysis in cell extracts. The presence of two potential BLUF (blue light using flavin adenine dinucleotide sensors), one of which was found adjacent to the photosynthesis operon in the genome, indicates a light- and redox-dependent regulation of gene expression. Like other aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAnPs), KT71 is able to grow neither anaerobically nor photoautotrophically. Cultivation experiments and genomic evidence show that KT71 needs organic substrates like carboxylic acids, oligopeptides, or fatty acids for growth. The strain grows optimally under microaerobic conditions and actively places itself in a zone of approximately 10% oxygen saturation. The genome analysis of C. litoralis strain KT71 identifies the gammaproteobacterial marine AAnPs, postulated based on BAC sequences, as members of the NOR5/OM60 clade. KT71 enables future experiments investigating the importance of this group of gammaproteobacterial AAnPs in coastal environments. (+info)Single-enzyme conversion of FMNH2 to 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, the lower ligand of B12. (4/132)
The synthesis of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB), the lower ligand of coenzyme B(12), has remained elusive. We report in vitro and in vivo evidence that the BluB protein of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum is necessary and sufficient for catalysis of the O(2)-dependent conversion of FMNH(2) to DMB. The product of the reaction (DMB) was isolated by using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, and its identity was established by UV-visible spectroscopy and MS. No metals were detected in homogeneous preparations of BluB, and the enzyme did not affect DMB synthesis from 4,5-dimethylphenylenediamine and ribose-5-phosphate. The effect of the lack of bluB function in R. rubrum was reflected by the impaired ability of a DeltabluB strain to convert Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (MPE) into protochlorophylide, a reaction of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic pathway catalyzed by the MPE-cyclase enzyme present in this bacterium (BchE, EC 1.14.13.81), a predicted coenzyme B(12)-dependent enzyme. The growth defect of the DeltabluB strain observed under anoxic photoheterotrophic conditions was corrected by the addition of DMB or B(12) to the culture medium or by introducing into the strain a plasmid encoding the wild-type allele of bluB. The findings reported here close an important gap in our understanding of the enzymology of the assembly of coenzyme B(12). (+info)Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii sp. nov., a novel, arsenite-oxidizing haloalkaliphilic gammaproteobacterium capable of chemoautotrophic or heterotrophic growth with nitrate or oxygen as the electron acceptor. (5/132)
A facultative chemoautotrophic bacterium, strain MLHE-1(T), was isolated from Mono Lake, an alkaline hypersaline soda lake in California, USA. Cells of strain MLHE-1(T) were Gram-negative, short motile rods that grew with inorganic electron donors (arsenite, hydrogen, sulfide or thiosulfate) coupled with the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. No aerobic growth was attained with arsenite or sulfide, but hydrogen sustained both aerobic and anaerobic growth. No growth occurred when nitrite or nitrous oxide was substituted for nitrate. Heterotrophic growth was observed under aerobic and anaerobic (nitrate) conditions. Cells of strain MLHE-1(T) could oxidize but not grow on CO, while CH(4) neither supported growth nor was it oxidized. When grown chemoautotrophically, strain MLHE-1(T) assimilated inorganic carbon via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham reductive pentose phosphate pathway, with the activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) functioning optimally at 0.1 M NaCl and at pH 7.3. Strain MLHE-1(T) grew over broad ranges of pH (7.3-10.0; optimum, 9.3), salinity (15-190 g l(-1); optimum 30 g l(-1)) and temperature (13-40 degrees C; optimum, 30 degrees C). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain MLHE-1(T) in the class Gammaproteobacteria (family Ectothiorhodospiraceae) and most closely related to Alkalispirillum mobile (98.5 %) and Alkalilimnicola halodurans (98.6 %), although none of these three haloalkaliphilic micro-organisms were capable of photoautotrophic growth and only strain MLHE-1(T) was able to oxidize As(III). On the basis of physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, it is suggested that strain MLHE-1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Alkalilimnicola for which the name Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii is proposed. The type strain is MLHE-1(T) (=DSM 17681(T)=ATCC BAA-1101(T)). Aspects of the annotated full genome of Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii are discussed in the light of its physiology. (+info)The periplasmic thioredoxin SoxS plays a key role in activation in vivo of chemotrophic sulfur oxidation of Paracoccus pantotrophus. (6/132)
The significance of the soxS gene product on chemotrophic sulfur oxidation of Paracoccus pantotrophus was investigated. The thioredoxin SoxS was purified, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence identified SoxS as the soxS gene product. The wild-type formed thiosulfate-oxidizing activity and Sox proteins during mixotrophic growth with succinate plus thiosulfate, while there was no activity, and only traces of Sox proteins, under heterotrophic conditions. The homogenote mutant strain GBOmegaS is unable to express the soxSR genes, of which soxR encodes a transcriptional regulator. Strain GBOmegaS cultivated mixotrophically showed about 22 % of the specific thiosulfate-dependent O(2) uptake rate of the wild-type, and when cultivated heterotrophically it produced 35 % activity. However, under both mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, strain GBOmegaS formed Sox proteins essential for sulfur oxidation in vitro at the same high level as the wild-type produced them during mixotrophic growth. Genetic complementation of strain GBOmegaS with soxS restored the activity upon mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth. Chemical complementation by reductants such as L-cysteine, DTT and tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine also restored the activity of strain GBOmegaS in the presence of chloramphenicol, which is an inhibitor of de novo protein synthesis. The data demonstrate that SoxS plays a key role in activation of the Sox enzyme system, and this suggests that SoxS is part of a novel type of redox control in P. pantotrophus. (+info)Iron-dependent growth of and siderophore production by two heterotrophic bacteria isolated from brackish water of the southern Baltic Sea. (7/132)
Iron is indispensable to the growth and metabolism of all marine organisms, including bacteria. In this work, we investigated and compared the influence of iron(III) concentration on the growth of and siderophore production by two heterotrophic bacteria--Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus silvestris. Our results showed that the iron concentration strongly influences the growth of both species. The growth curves were different for each iron concentration and each strain. M. luteus grew more rapidly than B. silvestris, but produced a roughly four times smaller quantity of siderophores. Both M. luteus and B. silvestris secreted hydroxamate-type siderophores and alpha-keto/alpha-hydroxy acids, but did not produce catecholates. This paper is probably the first to report on siderophore production by B. silvestris and M. luteus isolated from seawater. Moreover, the influence of different iron concentrations on the growth of and siderophore production in these bacteria has been documented. This provides further evidence indicating iron bioavailability as the actual reason for siderophore release by biota. (+info)Resourceful heterotrophs make the most of light in the coastal ocean. (8/132)
The carbon cycle in the coastal ocean is affected by how heterotrophic marine bacterioplankton obtain their energy. Although it was previously thought that these organisms relied on the organic carbon in seawater for all of their energy needs, several recent discoveries now suggest that pelagic bacteria can depart from a strictly heterotrophic lifestyle by obtaining energy through unconventional mechanisms that are linked to the penetration of sunlight into surface waters. These newly discovered mechanisms involve the harvesting of energy, either directly from light or indirectly from inorganic compounds that are formed when dissolved organic carbon absorbs light. In coastal systems, these mixed metabolic strategies have implications for how efficiently organic carbon is retained in the marine food web and how climatically important gases are exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere. (+info)Heterotrophic processes refer to the metabolic activities in living organisms that cannot produce their own organic nutrients and must obtain them by consuming other organisms or organic substances derived from them.
Heterotrophic processes refer to the metabolic activities carried out by organisms that cannot produce their own food and have to obtain energy by consuming other organisms or organic substances. These organisms include animals, fungi, and most bacteria. They obtain energy by breaking down complex organic molecules from their environment using enzymes, a process known as respiration or fermentation. The end products of this process are often carbon dioxide, water, and waste materials. This is in contrast to autotrophic processes, where organisms (like plants) synthesize their own food through photosynthesis.
Thermosphaera
... cells are heterotrophic, processing energy from yeast. Thermosphaera are found mainly in sulfuric pools, where ...
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
PCC6803 exhibit distinct processing pathways involving at least two Cas6 and a Cmr2 protein". PLOS ONE. 8 (2): e56470. Bibcode: ... PCC6803 is capable of both phototrophic growth by oxygenic photosynthesis during light periods and heterotrophic growth by ... Additionally, further post processing of cyanobacterial products is necessary, which requires additional fossil fuels. ... strain PCC 6803: a blue-light-requiring process". Journal of Bacteriology. 173 (9): 2761-7. doi:10.1128/jb.173.9.2761-2767.1991 ...
Picoplankton
... are often lost through processes such as grazing, parasitism, and viral lysis. Marine scientists have slowly begun ... Marine predators of picoplankton include heterotrophic flagellates and ciliates. Protozoa are a dominant predator of ... In order to differentiate between autotrophic picoplankton and heterotrophic picoplankton, the autotrophs could have ... photosynthetic heterotrophic They are prevalent amongst microbial plankton communities of both freshwater and marine ecosystems ...
Laguna Negra, Catamarca
... sulfur deposits form during the process. Heterotrophic organisms include polysaccharide degrading and sulfate-reducing bacteria ... Carmona, F.; Rivas, R.; Faramiñán, A. M. G.; Mancino, C.; Bayala, M.; Perez, W. (23 December 2019). "Evaporation process study ... Analyses of isotope fractionation processes at Laguna Negra also demonstrate that oxygen and carbon isotope variations are not ... There are both autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms in Laguna Negra. Autotrophs include cyanobacteria, as well as green ...
Leptospira interrogans
"Pathogenic Leptospira interrogans exoproteins are primarily involved in heterotrophic processes". Infection and Immunity. 83 (8 ... Some outer membrane proteins, such as OmpL1, aid in the infection process of L. interrogans by allowing adherence to host ...
Microbiology of oxygen minimum zones
However, heterotrophic denitrification is a more dominant process under anoxic conditions. Denitrification is the reduction of ... Heterotrophic denitrification is a multi-step process that uses organic matter to reduce NO3− to N2 in oxygen-depleted ... Some of the processes being studied are changes in oxygen gas solubility as a result of rising ocean temperatures, as well as ... Methanogenesis is the process by which methanogen microbes form methane (CH4). OMZs are known to contain the largest amount of ...
Viral shunt
The process of converting nitrogen gas to ammonia (and related nitrogen compounds) is called nitrogen fixation. The process of ... "Microbial heterotrophic metabolic rates constrain the microbial carbon pump." The American Association for the Advancement of ... Eventually, through varying processes, DOM, through use of available nutrients, is produced by phytoplankton, as well as ... This is a very significant process as approximately 3 gigatonnes of carbon may be sequestered per year due to lysed and virus- ...
Ecology
and from historical processes that split populations or species into different areas. The biogeographic processes that result ... This aerates soils and stimulates heterotrophic growth and production. Soil microorganisms are influenced by and are fed back ... and chemical processes. Because of these processes, wetlands play a vital role in global nutrient and element cycles. Cronk & ... The process and concept of ecosystem engineering are related to niche construction, but the former relates only to the physical ...
Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification
In these low DO locations, the heterotrophic bacteria complete the nitrogen removal. The Orbal process is a technology in ... Another well established pathway is via autotrophic denitrifying bacteria in the process termed the Anammox process. It is ... The heterotrophic organisms are responsible for denitrification or the reduction of nitrate, NO3−, to nitrogen gas, N2. They ... The process is dependent on floc characteristics, reaction kinetics, mass loading of readily biodegradable chemical oxygen ...
Crypthecodinium cohnii
Jiang, Y; Chen, F (1999-12-01). "Effects of salinity on cell growth and docosahexaenoic acid content of the heterotrophic ... Process Biochemistry. 34 (6-7): 633-637. doi:10.1016/s0032-9592(98)00134-4. ISSN 1359-5113. Diao, Jinjin; Li, Xingrui; Pei, ... Jiang, Yue; Chen, Feng; Liang, Shi-Zhong (September 1999). "Production potential of docosahexaenoic acid by the heterotrophic ... Crypthecodinium cohnii is a heterotrophic non-photosynthetic Microalgae. C. cohnii can acclimate a higher docosahexaenoic acid ...
Purple sulfur bacteria
The soluble phosphorus is then incorporated into heterotrophic bacteria for use in developmental processes. In this way, purple ... H2S can act as a sulfur source for PSB during these same photosynthetic processes that remove the organic compounds. The use of ... they are able to promote the growth of many heterotrophic organisms by supplying inorganic nutrients to the above oxic layer. ... is recycled and provided to heterotrophic bacteria for use. This indicates that although purple sulfur bacteria are found in ...
Symbiogenesis
A possible secondary endosymbiosis has been observed in process in the heterotrophic protist Hatena. This organism behaves like ... The process of symbiogenesis by which the early eukaryotic cell integrated the proto-mitochondrion likely included protection ... Some organisms can take opportunistic advantage of a similar process, where they engulf an alga and use the products of its ... As a result, many plastid and mitochondrial processes are driven by nuclear encoded gene products. In addition, many nuclear ...
Mycoplasma
Heterotrophic nutrition. Some live as saprophytes but the majority are parasites of plants and animals. The parasitic nature is ... Possess a replicating disc at one end which assists replication process and also the separation of the genetic materials. ... All of these genetic abnormalities may contribute to the process of malignant transformation. Chromosomal translocation and ... Sinkovics JG (February 2012). "Molecular biology of oncogenic inflammatory processes. I. Non-oncogenic and oncogenic pathogens ...
Marine food web
Part of the microbial heterotrophic production is used by microzooplankton; another part of the heterotrophic community is ... The second central process in the marine food web is the microbial loop. This loop degrades marine bacteria and archaea, ... These processes may modify marine snow chemical composition and the subsequent functioning of the biological carbon pump. For ... This process is called photosynthesis, and results in the phytoplankton converting naturally occurring carbon into protoplasm. ...
Green manure
Farmers begin the process of green manuring by growing legumes or collecting tree/shrub clippings. Harvesters gather the green ... Green manure is broken down into plant nutrient components by heterotrophic bacteria that consumes organic matter. Warmth and ... moisture contribute to this process, similar to creating compost fertilizer. The plant matter releases large amounts of carbon ...
Phototrophic biofilm
This photosynthetic activity fuels processes and conversions in the total biofilm community, including the heterotrophic ... Aerobic processes to degrade pollutants can be achieved during the day and anaerobic processes are performed at night by ... The formation of biofilms is a complex process and is dependent upon the availability of light as well as the relationships ... Biofilm formation is a complicated process which occurs in four general steps: attachment of cells, formation of the colony, ...
Beggiatoa
This oxidation process can provide energy for maintenance and assimilatory purposes and is helpful to reduce stored sulfur when ... Heterotrophic freshwater Beggiatoa spp. assimilate nitrogen for growth. Nitrogen sources include nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, ... This process, called Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium (DNRA), reduces nitrate to ammonium. The capability of using ... I. Major microbial processes". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 128: 161-170. Bibcode:1995MEPS..128..161F. doi:10.3354/ ...
Dissolved organic carbon
The main processes that remove DOC from the ocean water column are: (1) Thermal degradation in e.g., submarine hydrothermal ... The BDOC fraction consists of organic molecules that heterotrophic bacteria can use as a source of energy and carbon. Some ... Many of these processes within the DOM pool are compound- or class-specific. For example, condensed aromatic compounds are ... While the global impact of these processes has not been investigated, current data suggest it is a minor DOC sink. Abiotic DOC ...
Pedosphere
... a process known as podzolization. This process leads to marked contrasts in the appearance and chemistry of the soil layers. ... Bacteria, heterotrophic organisms, consume oxygen while decomposing organic material. This depletes the soils of oxygen, thus ... The soil forming process (pedogenesis) can begin without the aid of biology but is significantly quickened in the presence of ... The process of soil formation is dominated by chemical weathering of silicate minerals, aided by acidic products of pioneering ...
Oxyrrhis marina
It is heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients externally instead of synthesizing them by an internal process such as photosynthesis ... 1989). The digestive process of the dinoflagellate, Oxyrrhis marina Dujardin, feeding on the chlorophyte, Dunaliella primolecta ... Oxyrrhis marina is a species of heterotrophic dinoflagellate with flagella that is widely distributed in the world's oceans. ... 2003). Feeding by the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina on the red-tide raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo: a ...
Community respiration
Since the process of cellular respiration consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide the amount of carbon dioxide can be used ... Cellular respiration can be used to explain relationships between heterotrophic organisms and the autotrophic ones they consume ... The process of cellular respiration is an essential component of the Carbon Cycle, which tracks the recycling of carbon through ... The process of cellular respiration consists of a series of metabolic reactions using biological material produced by ...
Chlorodendrales
Primary producers are consumed by primary consumers such as zooplankton, invertebrate larvae, and heterotrophic protists ... due to their need for sunlight for photosynthetic processes. Chlorodendrales populations in natural settings tend to experience ...
Hyporheic zone
Often, the hyporheic zone is dominated by heterotrophic microorganisms that process the dissolved nutrients exchanged at this ... Bencala, Kenneth E. (2000). "Hyporheic zone hydrological processes". Hydrological Processes. 14 (15): 2797-2798. Bibcode: ... Water residence times influence nutrient and carbon processing rates. Longer residence times promote dissolved solute retention ... Brunke, Matthias; Gonser, Tom (1997). "The ecological significance of exchange processes between rivers and groundwater". ...
Microbiology of decomposition
The decomposition processes of cadavers and carcasses are studied within the field of forensic taphonomy in order to: aid in ... It is well known that fungi are heterotrophic for carbon compounds and almost all other nutrients they require. They must ... This allows microorganisms in the soil and air to come in contact with the body and to take part in the decomposition process. ... Gastro-intestinal bacteria are thought to be responsible for the majority of the putrefactive processes that occur in cadavers ...
Virivore
Virivory is a well-described process in which organisms, primarily heterotrophic protists, but also some metazoans consume ... The life cycle of a lytic virus is an important process within the worlds oceans for the cycling of dissolved organic matter ... Deng L, Krauss S, Feichtmayer J, Hofmann R, Arndt H, Griebler C (August 2014). "Grazing of heterotrophic flagellates on viruses ... "Grazing of heterotrophic flagellates on viruses is driven by feeding behaviour". Environmental Microbiology Reports. 6 (4): 325 ...
Auxenochlorella protothecoides
Its use in industrial processes has been studied, as the high lipid content of the alga during heterotrophic growth is ... Shi, Xian-Ming; Liu, Hui-Jun; Zhang, Xue-Wu and Chen, Feng "Heterotrophic production of lutein by selected Chlorella strains." ... Gao, Chunfang; Zhai, Yan; Ding, Yi and Wu, Qingyu "Application of sweet sorghum for biodiesel production by heterotrophic ... "Oil accumulation via heterotrophic/mixotrophic Chlorella protothecoides." Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 162.7 (2010): ...
Limb telescoping
In addition, upper limb recognition is processed by the most anterior regions of the frontal lobe, which presents more neural ... Moreover, displaced bone fragments, heterotrophic ossification, and scar tissue are additional factors that may contribute to ... Meanwhile, the lower limbs are processed by a more posterior region of the brain, which presents a limited amount of ... Infections inhibit the healing process and the regrowth of nerve fibers. Overall, the nervous system faces additional ...
Evolution of bacteria
... most commonly by heterotrophic or autotrophic (either photosynthetic or chemosynthetic) processes. Bacteria reproduce through ... Bacteria evolve in a similar process to other organisms. This is through the process of natural selection, whereby beneficial ... This prokaryote produces oxygen as a byproduct of its photosynthetic processes. They have made a distinctive impact in ... They utilise sunlight in order to drive their metabolic processes, which removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and ...
Anaerobic digestion
Nitrification is an aerobic process where TAN is consumed by aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. These bacteria release nitrate and ... Continuous process requires more complex design, but still, it may be more economical than batch process, because batch process ... Anaerobic digestion can be performed as a batch process or a continuous process. In a batch system, biomass is added to the ... In a single stage process, one reactor houses the four anaerobic digestion steps. A multistage process utilizes two or more ...
Heterotrophic picoplankton
Both of these processes promote transformation of matter within the aquatic system and promote energy flow and are important ... Heterotrophic picoplankton is the fraction of plankton composed by cells between 0.2 and 2 μm that do not perform ... eukaryotes Heterotrophic picoplankton can be divided into two broad categories: high nucleic acid (HNA) content cells and low ... Heterotrophic picoplankton play a critical role in nutrient and carbon recycling in ecological food webs by transforming and ...
Differential visible spectral influence on carbon metabolism in heterotrophic marine flavobacteria
However, its impact on strictly heterotrophic bacteria remains less explored. Here, we show that heterotrophic flavobacteria ... However, its impact on strictly heterotrophic bacteria remains less explored. Here, we show that heterotrophic flavobacteria ... Differential visible spectral influence on carbon metabolism in heterotrophic marine flavobacteria FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2020 ... Thus, a novel regulatory role played by light on heterotrophic metabolism and a hidden potential of flavobacteria to sense and ...
Heterotrophic respiration does not acclimate to continuous warming in a subtropical forest | Scientific Reports
As heterotrophic respiration (RH) has great potential to increase atmospheric CO2 concentrations, it is important to understand ... The key advantages of this method are that there is no disturbance to the soil structure and it involves the same process of ... Variation of heterotrophic respiration in warmed (NRW) and unwarmed (NR) treatments and their difference (RNRW − RNR) (a), the ... How to cite this article: Wu, C. et al. Heterotrophic respiration does not acclimate to continuous warming in a subtropical ...
Thermosphaera - Wikipedia
Processes | Free Full-Text | Bioavailability of Sulfur from Waste Obtained during Biogas Desulfurization and the Effect of...
and aerobic heterotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Pedosphere 2010, 20, 71-79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] ... Article Processing Charges Pay an Invoice Open Access Policy Contact MDPI Jobs at MDPI ... Syed-Hassan, S.S.A.; Wang, Y.; Hu, S.; Su, S.; Xiang, J. Thermochemical processing of sewage sludge to energy and fuel: ... Open Access Policy Institutional Open Access Program Special Issues Guidelines Editorial Process Research and Publication ...
Diversity of magmatism, hydrothermal processes and microbial interactions at mid-ocean ridges | Nature Reviews Earth &...
This Review explores processes governing variations in hydrothermal vents, microbial ecosystems and global fluxes from ocean ... In this Review, we outline tectonic, magmatic and hydrothermal processes that govern crustal architecture, alteration and ... Hydrothermal plumes as hotspots for deep-ocean heterotrophic microbial biomass production. Nat. Commun. 12, 6861 (2021). ... magma input and tectonic processes along mid-ocean ridges and influence crustal architecture and hydrothermal processes, ...
RealClimate: An Arctic methane worst-case scenario
You are simply arguing that tidal salt water process will produce the same results as freshwater inundation w.r.t. methane.-Jim ... Heterotrophic respiration may completely deplete oxygen in flooded soils; and these effects may be observed within only a few ... You are simply arguing that tidal salt water process will produce the same results as freshwater inundation w.r.t. methane.-Jim ... At a bear minimum, a delay in the permitting process is called for until the risks associate with sequestered Arctic carbon ...
Frontiers | Understanding Regional and Seasonal Variability Is Key to Gaining a Pan-Arctic Perspective on Arctic Ocean...
In particular, many key processes within and external to the Arctic Ocean are intrinsically linked to its freshwater system, ... In particular, many key processes within and external to the Arctic Ocean are intrinsically linked to its freshwater system, ... and any positive effects on heterotrophic processes (e.g., Vaqué et al., 2019) may preclude effects on autotrophic processes ... Would heterotrophic processes increase as more terrestrial organic material (and more sediment export) is available to be ...
Publications by Eveline Volcke - Department of Green Chemistry and Technology - Ghent University
Model-based process analysis of heterotrophic-autotrophic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production. Biochemical Engineering ... Journal of Water Process Engineering, 35, 101206.. Van der Heyden C., Solon K., Demeyer P, Volcke E.I.P. (2020) Model-based ... Process Biochemistry, 49, 365-373.. Mozumder M.S.I., Picioreanu C., van Loosdrecht M.C.M. and Volcke E.I.P. (2014) Effect of ... Journal of Process Control, 95, 55-66.. Jia M., Winkler M.K.H., Volcke E.I.P. (2020) Elucidating the competition between ...
Expansion of Intellectual Property Position: Optimizing Remedial Actions - Methanogenesis -- Innovative Environmental...
... and heterotrophic bacteria; and photosynthetic and heterotrophic eukaryotes.. One the other hand, methanogens, play a vital ... As a result of the use of the chlorinated solvent during this physiological process, it is at least in part dechlorinated. ... Heterotrophic bacteria are often used to consume dissolved oxygen, thereby reducing the redox potential in the ground water. In ... Nearly all remedial processes targeting chlorinated solvents rely on evolved hydrogen - generally from fermented sugars, ...
Flooded Soils: Difference between revisions - microbewiki
pH plays a main role in a healthy plant growth process. In flooded soils, under anaerobic conditions the pH value wil tend to ... Reduction of ferric iron by some strains of mesophilic heterotrophic acidophiles has been found to be more rapid and extensive ... These processes occur because of microoganism activity. Energy yields are lower than for aerobic respiration The electron tower ... During the succetion of anaerobic oxidation processes, the redox potential (Eh) of the flooded soil will decrease as a result ...
Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an...
A decrease of in-stream nitrification coupled with heterotrophic nitrate cycling were primary factors in the seasonal nitrate ... Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an ... Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an ...
Glossary | Infection Prevention & Control in Dental Settings | Division of Oral Health | CDC
Ventilation: the process of supplying and removing air by natural or mechanical means to and from any space; such air may be ... Heterotrophic bacteria: those bacteria that require an organic carbon source for growth (i.e., they derive energy and carbon ... The process of applying an antiseptic hand-rub product to all surfaces of the hands to reduce the number of microorganisms ... Immunization: the process by which a person becomes immune, or protected, against a disease. This term is often used ...
Cyanotech president shares basics of algae production for food
But the production process is notoriously expensive, which seems to be the biggest barrier for the category. "Producing algae ( ... Production using heterotrophic growth. There is a third production method, which Cysewski said was the most expensive, called ... Its] equivalent to fermentation processes and is conducted in tanks [that can be sterilized]," he said. ... the heterotrophic growth method, where a fixed carbon source such as sugar is used with no light. "[ ...
Water | Free Full-Text | Controlling Nitrogen Removal Processes in Improved Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland with Hydroponic...
The denitrification process was enhanced at a higher COD/N ratio of 15/1 compared to 5/1 by around 10-40%. The occurring ... capable of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2019, 94, 1165-1175. [Google ... The denitrification process was enhanced at the higher COD/N ratio of 15/1 as compared to 5/1 by around 10-40% in all the ... Article Processing Charges Pay an Invoice Open Access Policy Contact MDPI Jobs at MDPI ...
define biocatalyst - wbon2sww
UFZ - Publication Index - Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research
Quality of dissolved organic matter driven by autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial processes in a large river. Water 12 (6 ... To disentangle the role of autotrophic and heterotrophic processes, we developed a new approach and compared slopes from linear ... Quality of dissolved organic matter driven by autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial processes in a large river. ... Rivers are regarded as important sites for processing of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from terrestrial sources on its way to ...
Nitrogen removal capacity of simultaneously autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification in a sewer receiving nitrified source...
However, nitrogen removal rate of heterotrophic denitrification was 3.3 times higher that of the mixed denitrification process ... autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification, decentralized sewage treatment, in-sewer denitrification, nitrified-urine-sewer- ... This unique denitrification process may become complicated in sewers with sulfide contamination as simultaneously autotrophic ... Simultaneously autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification was found when sewage was contaminated with sulfide. ...
CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Notes - Life Processes
Life Processes free PDF prepared by experts from the latest NCERT books to score well in exams ... Heterotrophic Nutrition: Heterotrophs are entirely reliant on autotrophs for their food.. Heterotrophic nutrition is divided ... CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 6 - Life Processes Notes - Free PDF Download. Access Class 10 Science Chapter 6 - Life Processes ... Respiration, at the cellular level, is the process of burning food to produce the energy required for other living processes. ...
The EPA National Library Catalog | EPA National Library Network | US EPA
These mats are perfect models for biogeochemical processes, such as the cycles of chemical elements, in which a variety of ... Among them are cyanobacteria and eukaryotic phototrophs, aerobic heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic bacteria, protozoa, ... the study of modern microbial mats may provide information on the processes that may have occurred on Earth when prokaryotic ... Diversity and Role of Cyanobacteria and Aerobic Heterotrophic Microorganisms in Carbon Cycling in Arid Cyanobacterial Mats -- ...
Effect of Supplementing Heterotrophic and Photoautotrophic Biofloc, on The Production Response, Physiological Condition and...
Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Not ... "To produce heterotrophic biofloc, molasses was supplied each week to reach a C:N ratio of 10-12. The tank was covered to avoid ... The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding two types of bioflocs (photoautotrophic and heterotrophic) on the ... Home » Articles » Effect of Supplementing Heterotrophic and Photoautotrophic Biofloc, on The Production Response, Physiological ...
Mushroom Cultivation - Global Market Outlook (2021 - 2028)
Proposal Essay Examples - Free Samples for Students | Page 3 | EssayWriter
... the process can be affected by a variety of factors that influence both the heterotrophic… ... What is the curriculum committee role and process regarding making decisions on college and university courses which end up ... AbstractThe process of photosynthesis is an important activity for all organisms; ...
Fotossíntese E Importância Das Plantas - ProProfs Quiz
During the process of cellular respiration, oxygen and nutrients are consumed and carbon dioxide is released. This process ... Bacteria is a broad category that includes both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, so it is not the best answer in this ... This process helps to renew the atmospheric air by increasing oxygen levels and decreasing carbon dioxide levels. This, in turn ... This term refers to living organisms that are capable of producing their own organic compounds through processes such as ...
ViPS Special Invited Seminar March 2017 | Viikki Plant Science Centre | University of Helsinki
Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae: metabolism and biotechnological applications - fedOA
The process could be well controlled in terms of pH, temperature, addition and consumption of nutrients and maintenance of ... On these grounds, we decided to explore the heterotrophic growth condition that appears to be interesting for the development ... Cupo, Adelaide (2021) Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae: metabolism and biotechnological applications. [Tesi di dottorato ... the first one described the assessment of heterotrophic culture conditions and the behavior of C. cryptica grown in dark, the ...
Abundância e distribuição espacial de micro-organismos na Plataforma Continental...
Heterotrophic bacteria had a mean value of 7.4x105 cell.ml-1. In relation to the domains, the distribution of bacteria occurred ... The resurgence of South Atlantic Central Waters (ACAS) is the main oceanographic process that involves availability of ... Heterotrophic bacteria were abundant in coastal areas probably due to increased of organic matter, which corroborates the ... This causes an increase in the population of autotrophs and heterotrophic organisms (that produce and oxidizes the organic ...
Identification of inhibitory effects of industrial effluents on nitrification | Water Science & Technology | IWA Publishing
Landfill leachate was very toxic to heterotrophic microorganisms (180 min EC50 was 3 vol.%), while it inhibited nitrification ... With regular monitoring of inhibitory impact biological treatment process upsets could be avoided and treatment optimised. ... Tannery effluent inhibited nitrification significantly (180 min EC50 was 57 vol.%), but it did not affect heterotrophic ... Pharmaceutical wastewater was toxic to activated sludge, but it inhibited heterotrophic microorganisms much more than ...
Top 191 + Nutrition in animals class 7 question answer - Lestwinsonline.com
Sunsari Technical College Journal
Among 24 water sample processed, 62.5% (n=15) samples showed the heterotrophic bacterial count above the acceptable range (< ... Total coliform and heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated by the membrane filtration and spread plate technique, respectively. ... The objective of this study was to assess the heterotrophic contamination and total coliform. This cross-sectional study was ... for bottled water is high in these days and it has been a growing concern about the microbiological quality of such processed ...
BacteriaOrganismsMicroorganismsAutotrophicMetabolismPhotoautotrophic and heterotrophicCarbonRespirationDenitrification processSoilMixotrophicMicrobial processesFluxesBioflocGrowthAutotrophsPhysiologicalEcosystem processesEcological processesSedimentManganeseHydrologicalHydrogenOccur2020TemperatureBiological processesInteractionsVariabilityOxygenWaterBacterialContinuousMarinePelagicSignificantlyRoleNaturallyEnergyInfluenceProductionMainRateLife
Bacteria11
- However, its impact on 'strictly' heterotrophic bacteria remains less explored. (nih.gov)
- The present invention relates to the use of various inhibitors of different enzymes and coenzymes systems that are responsible for the production of methane and therefore compete with halo-respiring bacteria during the anaerobic reductive dechlorination process. (prlog.org)
- To disentangle the role of autotrophic and heterotrophic processes, we developed a new approach and compared slopes from linear regression of DOM compound intensities versus chlorophyll a concentration and bacteria abundance. (ufz.de)
- Among them are cyanobacteria and eukaryotic phototrophs, aerobic heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic bacteria, protozoa, anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, and other types of microorganisms. (epa.gov)
- Bacteria is a broad category that includes both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, so it is not the best answer in this context. (proprofs.com)
- Heterotrophic bacteria had a mean value of 7.4x10 5 cell.ml -1 . (usp.br)
- Heterotrophic bacteria were abundant in coastal areas probably due to increased of organic matter, which corroborates the result of higher biomass carbon in coastal region. (usp.br)
- Biodegradation of anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene by indigenous strains of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria isolated from Bodo creek - a moderate salt aquatic environment polluted with crude oil was monitored for 56 days using GC-MS. Anthracene was mineralized to 0.1, 0.001 and 0.08 mg/l by aerobic heterotrophic bacteria cyanobacteria and consortium of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria respectively. (omicsonline.org)
- Benzo(a)anthracene was reduced to 0.03, 0.01 and 0.02 mg/l in the treatments of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria cyanobacteria and consortium of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria respectively where as dibenzo(a,h)anthracene was reduced to 0 mg/l in all the treatment options on the 56th day monitored. (omicsonline.org)
- This study was aimed to test and applied bioflocculant-producing bacteria isolated from biofloc for flocculation process potentially used as inoculum for rapid formation of biofloc. (scialert.net)
- As a group, these bacteria are called heterotrophic anaerobes (ann-air-robes). (windows2universe.org)
Organisms9
- In the vegetable category, the mushroom is ranked with the heterotrophic organisms. (marketresearch.com)
- This term refers to living organisms that are capable of producing their own organic compounds through processes such as photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. (proprofs.com)
- This distinguishes them from heterotrophic organisms, which rely on consuming organic matter produced by other organisms. (proprofs.com)
- The term "consumidores" refers to consumers, which are heterotrophic organisms that obtain their energy by consuming other organisms. (proprofs.com)
- This causes an increase in the population of autotrophs and heterotrophic organisms (that produce and oxidizes the organic matter). (usp.br)
- There remains a gap in understanding the ecological processes surrounding the establishment, re-establishment and development of BSCs in the context of globally heterogeneous biogeographical patterns of the different BSC organisms. (frontiersin.org)
- Biofouling is controlled at the surface by exposing the cages to sunlight, which desiccates the fouling organisms, and the floating cages can then be turned over to repeat the process on the opposite side. (thefishsite.com)
- The processes by which organisms utilize organic substances as their nutrient sources. (bvsalud.org)
- Solubilization of manganese from ores by heterotrophic micro-organisms. (cdc.gov)
Microorganisms8
- and, the chlorinated solvent actually substitutes for oxygen in the physiology of the microorganisms carrying out the process. (prlog.org)
- The process of applying an antiseptic hand-rub product to all surfaces of the hands to reduce the number of microorganisms present. (cdc.gov)
- These mats are perfect models for biogeochemical processes, such as the cycles of chemical elements, in which a variety of microorganisms cooperate and interact in complex ways. (epa.gov)
- Contrarily, high protein and low lipid concentrations are commonly constituting bioflocs or biofilms based on heterotrophic microorganisms. (aquaculturemag.com)
- The abundance of autotrophic and heterotrophic planktonic microorganisms was evaluated and also was studied their relation with the masses of water of the continental shelf. (usp.br)
- Pharmaceutical wastewater was toxic to activated sludge, but it inhibited heterotrophic microorganisms much more than nitrifying ones. (iwaponline.com)
- Tannery effluent inhibited nitrification significantly (180 min EC 50 was 57 vol.%), but it did not affect heterotrophic microorganisms. (iwaponline.com)
- Landfill leachate was very toxic to heterotrophic microorganisms (180 min EC 50 was 3 vol.%), while it inhibited nitrification less (180 min EC 50 was 24 vol. (iwaponline.com)
Autotrophic4
- However, soil respiration includes two main components: heterotrophic respiration ( R H ) and autotrophic respiration ( R A ). Responses of heterotrophic respiration ( R H ) and autotrophic respiration ( R A ) to warming are not always the same. (nature.com)
- This unique denitrification process may become complicated in sewers with sulfide contamination as simultaneously autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification possibly occur but may compete each other for nitrate in oxidation of sulfide and organics. (iwaponline.com)
- Simultaneously autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification was found when sewage was contaminated with sulfide. (iwaponline.com)
- Contrasts with AUTOTROPHIC PROCESSES which make use of simple inorganic substances as the nutrient supply source. (bvsalud.org)
Metabolism2
- Thus, a novel regulatory role played by light on heterotrophic metabolism and a hidden potential of flavobacteria to sense and respond differentially to monochromatic lights influencing marine carbon cycling were unraveled. (nih.gov)
- The Fernie group focuses on identifying factors involved in metabolic regulation of primary and intermediary metabolism within both photosynthetic and heterotrophic tissues. (helsinki.fi)
Photoautotrophic and heterotrophic2
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding two types of bioflocs (photoautotrophic and heterotrophic) on the physiological condition and postharvest quality of the white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei intensively farmed under greenhouse conditions. (aquaculturemag.com)
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding two types of bioflocs (photoautotrophic and heterotrophic) produced exogenously to the culture system, on the physiological condition (as indicated by some hemolymph parameters) and postharvest quality of the white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei intensively farmed under greenhouse conditions. (aquaculturemag.com)
Carbon4
- Here, we show that heterotrophic flavobacteria exhibit enhanced uptake and mineralization of dissolved organic carbon with increasing wavelengths of visible light, without employing any 'known' light-harvesting mechanisms. (nih.gov)
- As heterotrophic respiration ( R H ) has great potential to increase atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, it is important to understand warming effects on R H for a better prediction of carbon-climate feedbacks. (nature.com)
- There is a third production method, which Cysewski said was the most expensive, called the heterotrophic growth method, where a fixed carbon source such as sugar is used with no light. (foodnavigator-usa.com)
- It would utilize extra organic carbon source as electron donors when the C/N of domestic wastewater was too low to ensure heterotrophic denitrification process. (bvsalud.org)
Respiration2
- The moisture response of soil heterotrophic respiration: Interaction with soil properties. (usda.gov)
- Fast" process, such as photosynthesis, respiration and stomatal regulation are implemented on a time step of one day (or one month, interpolating between output values for adjacent months to obtain a value for each day). (lu.se)
Denitrification process2
- However, nitrogen removal rate of heterotrophic denitrification was 3.3 times higher that of the mixed denitrification process. (iwaponline.com)
- Old-fashioned wastewater treatments for nitrogen depend on heterotrophic denitrification process. (bvsalud.org)
Soil2
- Oxidation is the dominant fate process, but biodegradation occurs in both water and soil at low contaminant concentrations. (cdc.gov)
- Processes modify the values of state variables such as the cumulative annual net primary production (NPP), soil water availability, or aspects of the vegetation composition and structure. (lu.se)
Mixotrophic1
- The possibility of forming photoautotrophic, heterotrophic or mixotrophic bioflocs depends on the initial inoculum. (aquaculturemag.com)
Microbial processes4
- Anaerobic microbial processes including denitrification, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis are responsible for releasing potent greenhouse gases (NO, N2O, H2S, and CH4) into the atmosphere (Schlesinger, 1996). (kenyon.edu)
- Here we performed a Lagrangian sampling in the lower part of the Middle Elbe at low discharge conditions to test how DOM composition changes along the river stretch and how this is related to microbial processes. (ufz.de)
- In conclusion, longitudinal changes of river DOM seemed to be largely driven by microbial processes. (ufz.de)
- A.M. Romaní "Interaction between physical heterogeneity and microbial processes in subsurface sediments: a laboratory-scale column experiment. (udg.edu)
Fluxes2
- Hydrothermal processes govern global chemical fluxes (such as Mg, Fe, Mn and volatiles) and provide nutrients (for example, Fe flux ~4-6 × 10 9 mol yr − 1 ) to the deep ocean. (nature.com)
- Structure and dynamics of ocean pelagic eco systems (primary production, heterotrophic destruction, phyto- and zooplankton ecology,trophic interactions, detritus fluxes into the deep ocean). (ocean.ru)
Biofloc2
- To produce heterotrophic biofloc, molasses was supplied each week to reach a C:N ratio of 10-12. (aquaculturemag.com)
- The bioreactor for producing the heterotrophic biofloc was inoculated with 5 mg/L of an unspecific bacterial marine consortium (lyophilized), whereas the bioreactor to produce photoautotrophic bioflocs was inoculated with 500 mL/m 3 of the benthic microalgae Navicula incerta at a concentration of 1 × 106 cel/ml. (aquaculturemag.com)
Growth4
- This PhD thesis aims to explore the biotechnological potential of the marine diatom Cyclotella cryptica grown under heterotrophic growth conditions. (unina.it)
- On these grounds, we decided to explore the heterotrophic growth condition that appears to be interesting for the development of commercial products of interest. (unina.it)
- The thesis is developed on several levels, conceptually grouped into three parts: the first one described the assessment of heterotrophic culture conditions and the behavior of C. cryptica grown in dark, the second part explores the potential products obtainable from the heterotrophic growth of C. cryptica and the last one give insights into the lipid pathway, through -omics analysis. (unina.it)
- The "slow" processes of individual allocation and growth, population dynamics and disturbance are implemented once each simulation year (Figure 1). (lu.se)
Autotrophs1
- This process of producing biological energy is different from that of autotrophs who produce their own food using energy from the Sun. (windows2universe.org)
Physiological1
- As a result of the use of the chlorinated solvent during this physiological process, it is at least in part dechlorinated. (prlog.org)
Ecosystem processes2
- We will particularly focus on the distribution, structure and functioning of BSCs and related microbial communities from the organismic biology to ecosystem processes. (frontiersin.org)
- The framework is made up of a number of modules (or submodels), each containing formulations of a relatively well-defined, related subset of ecosystem processes with a distinct spatial and/or temporal signature (characteristic scale). (lu.se)
Ecological processes1
- Quantitative analysis of ecological processes in the tropical oceans, from seagrass beds and mangroves to coral reefs and artificial communities growing on man-made structures. (essex.ac.uk)
Sediment2
- In contrast, at Site U1371 in the upwelling zone just south of the gyre, detectable oxygen and nitrate are limited to the top and bottom of the sediment column, manganese reduction is a prominent electron-accepting process, and cell concentrations are higher than at the same depths in the SPG sites throughout the sediment column. (darkenergybiosphere.org)
- Freixa A., Acuña V., Casellas M., Pecheva S., Romaní A.M. "Warmer night-time temperature promotes microbial heterotrophic activity and modifies stream sediment community. (udg.edu)
Manganese1
- Geology and mineral processing of manganese deposits from the West-Central Arkansas District. (cdc.gov)
Hydrological1
- Despite the importance of the layer in hydrological processes, water dynamics in this layer are often overlooked in studies of forest hydrology, mainly because of the technical difficulties in making accurate measurements. (hindawi.com)
Hydrogen1
- Nearly all remedial processes targeting chlorinated solvents rely on evolved hydrogen - generally from fermented sugars, carbohydrates or other organic compounds - to drive the biological processes. (prlog.org)
Occur1
- Releases of hydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine to water may occur during production, processing, use, or disposal of the chemical. (cdc.gov)
20202
Temperature1
- The process could be well controlled in terms of pH, temperature, addition and consumption of nutrients and maintenance of axenicity. (unina.it)
Biological processes1
- Particular focus is given to the role of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and its participation within various biological processes. (helsinki.fi)
Interactions1
- My research has constantly centered into a deeper understanding of different processes and interactions in the marine microbial pelagic food web (including larger zooplankton). (lu.se)
Variability1
- 40 mm yr − 1 , where major detachment faults expose lower-crustal and upper-mantle rocks, creating asymmetric ridge segments with large variability in structure, hydrothermal processes and vent fluid chemistry. (nature.com)
Oxygen3
- What little oxygen that is present in saturated soils in the form of dissolved O2 is quickly consumed through metabolic processes. (kenyon.edu)
- To confirm results of toxicity testing, additional ready biodegradability assessment test with measurement of oxygen consumption was accomplished to indicate the impact of effluents to nitrification process. (iwaponline.com)
- Biodegradability testing confirmed low impact to nitrification by high, non-suppressed oxygen consumption for nitrification process. (iwaponline.com)
Water2
- No treatment process used in mass production of drinking water yields a sterile product. (bottledwater.org)
- Little is known about the wetting and drying processes of the litter layer ( layer), likely because of technical difficulties inherent in nondestructive water content (WC) monitoring. (hindawi.com)
Bacterial1
- a device to monitor the sterilization process that consists of a standardized population bacterial spores known to be resistant to the mode of sterilization being monitored. (cdc.gov)
Continuous1
- However, to evaluate CO 2 efflux as a function of the layer's wetting and drying processes, continuous measurements of both the WC of this layer and the CO 2 flux are required. (hindawi.com)
Marine1
- What processes underpin a healthy marine ecosystem? (essex.ac.uk)
Pelagic1
- Mesoscale processes in the structure and produc tivity of pelagic ecosystems. (ocean.ru)
Significantly1
- Biofilm bio-volume, mean thickness, and heterotrophic plate counts were significantly reduced and roughness coefficient significantly increased by Soda compared with D5W, Shake, or ATW. (cdc.gov)
Role1
- This study uses CLM5-BGC to improve our understanding of the role of burned areas in ecohydrological processes at high latitudes. (copernicus.org)
Naturally1
- The nexus of science related to biocrusts and aerobiology strongly suggests that BSCs can become established or reestablished via naturally occurring processes, as BSC propagules are found naturally in the atmosphere, and can be transported very long distances between hemispheres, continents and climates. (frontiersin.org)
Energy1
- Thermosphaera cells are heterotrophic, processing energy from yeast. (wikipedia.org)
Influence1
- Spreading rates control variations in heat sources, magma input and tectonic processes along mid-ocean ridges and influence crustal architecture and hydrothermal processes, providing multifaceted habitats for life. (nature.com)
Production2
- But the production process is notoriously expensive, which seems to be the biggest barrier for the category. (foodnavigator-usa.com)
- On this basis, assuming production volume of about 14,000 metric tons (30 million pounds) (see Section 4.1) and handling or processing of the product, emissions to the air may range from 1,100 to 1,500 kg (500-680 pounds) annually. (cdc.gov)
Main2
- The resurgence of South Atlantic Central Waters (ACAS) is the main oceanographic process that involves availability of nutrients in the photic zone of the southeast continental shelf in Brazil. (usp.br)
- Conceptual representation of LPJ-GUESS showing the main process, time steps, state variables, and input environmental data. (lu.se)
Rate1
- The rate or mode of a process may also be affected by the current values of the state variables, as well as by the input data to the model. (lu.se)
Life3
- Students in Class 10 can access Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 6 Life Processes on this portal and revise it easily. (extramarks.com)
- These maintenance-related processes are known as life processes. (extramarks.com)
- the study of modern microbial mats may provide information on the processes that may have occurred on Earth when prokaryotic life began to spread. (epa.gov)
![Niche distribution and influence of environmental parameters in marine microbial communities: a systematic review [PeerJ]](https://dfzljdn9uc3pi.cloudfront.net/2015/1008/1/fig-1-1x.jpg)
