Herpesvirus Vaccines
Herpesvirus 8, Human
Herpesvirus 6, Human
Vaccines
Herpesvirus 2, Saimiriine
Herpesviridae
Herpesvirus 1, Bovine
Vaccines, Inactivated
Viral Vaccines
Herpesvirus 7, Human
Vaccines, DNA
Vaccines, Synthetic
Bacterial Vaccines
AIDS Vaccines
Cytomegalovirus Vaccines
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Encyclopedias as Topic
Nervous System Diseases
Severe murine lung immunopathology elicited by the pathogenic equine herpesvirus 1 strain RacL11 correlates with early production of macrophage inflammatory proteins 1alpha, 1beta, and 2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. (1/85)
The CBA mouse model was used to investigate the immunopathology induced in the lung by the pathogenic equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) strain RacL11 in comparison to infection with the attenuated vaccine candidate strain KyA. Intranasal infection with KyA resulted in almost no inflammatory infiltration in the lung. In contrast, infection with the pathogenic RacL11 strain induced a severe alveolar and interstitial inflammation, consisting primarily of lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. Infection with either EHV-1 strain resulted in the accumulation of similar numbers and ratios of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Further analysis of these T-cell populations revealed identical EHV-1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. RNase protection analysis of RNA isolated from the BAL fluid of RacL11-infected mice on day 3 postinfection revealed much higher levels of RNA specific for macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, and MIP-2 than were observed for KyA-infected mice. Furthermore, significantly higher levels of transcripts specific for tumor necrosis factor alpha were induced on day 3 postinfection with RacL11 compared with KyA. These findings suggest that the early production of proinflammatory beta chemokines plays a major role in the severe, most often lethal, respiratory inflammatory response induced by the pathogenic EHV-1 strain RacL11. (+info)DNA vaccines encoding interleukin-8 and RANTES enhance antigen-specific Th1-type CD4(+) T-cell-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus type 2 in vivo. (2/85)
Chemokines are inflammatory molecules that act primarily as chemoattractants and as activators of leukocytes. Their role in antigen-specific immune responses is of importance, but their role in disease protection is unknown. Recently it has been suggested that chemokines modulate immunity along more classical Th1 and Th2 phenotypes. However, no data currently exist in an infectious challenge model system. We analyzed the modulatory effects of selected chemokines (interleukin-8 [IL-8], gamma interferon-inducible protein 10 [IP-10], RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 [MCP-1], and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha [MIP-1 alpha]) on immune phenotype and protection against lethal challenge with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). We observed that coinjection with IL-8 and RANTES plasmid DNAs dramatically enhanced antigen-specific Th1 type cellular immune responses and protection from lethal HSV-2 challenge. This enhanced protection appears to be mediated by CD4(+) T cells, as determined by in vitro and in vivo T-cell subset deletion. Thus, IL-8 and RANTES cDNAs used as DNA vaccine adjuvants drive antigen-specific Th1 type CD4(+) T-cell responses, which result in reduced HSV-2-derived morbidity, as well as reduced mortality. However, coinjection with DNAs expressing MCP-1, IP-10, and MIP-1 alpha increased mortality in the challenged mice. Chemokine DNA coinjection also modulated its own production as well as the production of cytokines. These studies demonstrate that chemokines can dominate and drive immune responses with defined phenotypes, playing an important role in the generation of protective antigen-specific immunity. (+info)Protective T-cell-based immunity induced in neonatal mice by a single replicative cycle of herpes simplex virus. (3/85)
Newborns are very susceptible to infections because their immune systems are not fully developed and react to antigen exposure preferentially with unresponsiveness. UV-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) represents such an antigen and does not induce an immune response in neonates. In contrast, protective T cells were primed in newborn mice by a single replicative cycle of DISC HSV-1 given once within 24 h of birth. Each of the HSV-1-primed CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells induced in wild-type or interferon-deficient mice conferred resistance to naive animals exposed to a lethal virus challenge. Inactivated HSV-1, injected at variable doses up to 10(4) times that of DISC HSV-1, was ineffective in inducing any detectable immune responses in neonates. Thus, the capacity of HSV-1 to replicate once, but not the number of virus particles per se, was decisive in inducing protective T-cell-associated immunity in newborn mice. (+info)Vaccine-induced serum immunoglobin contributes to protection from herpes simplex virus type 2 genital infection in the presence of immune T cells. (4/85)
Herpes simplex type virus 2 (HSV-2) is a sexually transmitted pathogen that causes genital lesions and spreads to the nervous system to establish acute and latent infections. Systemic but not mucosal cellular and humoral immune responses are elicited by immunization of mice with a replication-defective mutant of HSV-2, yet the mice are protected against disease caused by subsequent challenge of the genital mucosa with virulent HSV-2. In this study, we investigated the role of immune serum antibody generated by immunization with a replication-defective HSV-2 vaccine prototype strain in protection of the genital mucosa and the nervous system from HSV-2 infection. Passive transfer of replication-defective virus-immune serum at physiologic concentrations to SCID or B-cell-deficient mice had no effect on replication of challenge virus in the genital mucosa but did significantly reduce the incidence and severity of genital and neurologic disease. In contrast, B-cell-deficient mice immunized with replication-defective HSV-2 were able to control replication of challenge virus in the genital mucosa, but not until 3 days postchallenge, and were not completely protected against genital and neurologic disease. Passive transfer of physiologic amounts of immune serum to immunized, B-cell-deficient mice completely restored their capacity to limit replication of challenge virus in the genital mucosa and prevented signs of genital and systemic disease. In addition, the numbers of viral genomes in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia of immunized, B-cell-deficient mice were dramatically reduced by transfer of immune serum prior to challenge. These results suggest that there is an apparent synergism between immune serum antibody and immune T cells in achieving protection and that serum antibody induced by vaccination with replication-defective virus aids in reducing establishment of latent infection after genital infection with HSV-2. (+info)Vaccination to prevent varicella and shingles. (5/85)
Vaccination of healthy children against varicella using the live attenuated Oka vaccine has been available in Japan and south Korea for several years. In 1996, a programme of universal vaccination of children to prevent varicella was introduced in the USA and other countries, including Canada, Germany, and Sweden, have licensed the vaccine for use in healthy children. This article reviews the origin of the Oka vaccine and the evidence for vaccine safety and efficacy in children and adults. Universal vaccination of children and targeted vaccination of groups at risk of severe varicella are discussed. The possible use of the Oka vaccine to prevent zoster is reviewed, and initiatives to develop new varicella zoster virus vaccines are outlined. (+info)Detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells eight months postinfection. (6/85)
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 5 calves (3 controls and 2 vaccinates) used in a bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) vaccine study with a BHV-1 Cooper strain challenge were collected 6 months after challenge. The PBMCs from the control animals were positive by immunofluorescence for the BHV-1 glycoprotein D (gD) while the vaccinates were negative. The PBMC samples from 4 of the 5 animals were examined for BHV-1 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for gD immunofluorescence at 8 months after challenge. The BHV-1 DNA and viral antigen were detected in PBMC samples at 8 months postinfection, but no virus was isolated. (+info)Priming by DNA immunization augments T-cell responses induced by modified live bovine herpesvirus vaccine. (7/85)
DNA vaccines have several advantages over conventional vaccines. One of the most important characteristics is the presentation of antigen via both MHC class I and class II receptors. Although this generally results in strong T-cell responses, antibody production and protection achieved by DNA immunization are unfortunately not always adequate. In contrast, modified live virus (MLV) vaccines usually induce adequate antibody and moderate cellular responses, whereas killed vaccines tend to elicit weak immune responses in general. A DNA prime-MLV boost regimen should result in enhanced cellular immunity and possibly improved antibody production. To test this hypothesis, plasmids encoding bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoproteins B and D were delivered by gene gun to the genital mucosa of cattle prior to immunization with modified live BHV-1 vaccine. The immune responses induced were compared to those of an MLV-vaccinated group and a negative control group. Although significantly enhanced T-cell responses were induced by priming with the DNA vaccine, there was no increase in antibody titres. Similar levels of protection were induced by the MLV vaccine alone and the DNA prime and MLV boost regimen, which suggests that there is no correlation between the induction of T-cell responses and protection from BHV-1 challenge. (+info)Changes in age related seroprevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus: impact on vaccine strategy. (8/85)
AIM: To study changes in the seroprevalence of varicella zoster virus (VZV) antibody over the past 25 years with a view to determining the target age group for any future vaccination strategy. METHODS: Stored sera collected from different age groups over a period of 25 years were tested by a commercial VZV IgG enzyme immunoassay at a four year time interval. Data were analysed by logistic regression to investigate the evidence for changes in incidence and hence seroprevalence over that period. RESULTS: There was a significant rise in VZV antibody prevalence in the 1-4 year age group during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: A universal childhood VZV vaccination strategy will need to take account of the increase in incidence of VZV infection in children under the age of 4 years; hence, the suggested target age would be between 12 and 18 months---soon after the disappearance of maternal antibody. (+info)Herpesvirus vaccines are immunizations designed to protect against infections caused by herpesviruses. These viruses include herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which primarily causes oral herpes, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), which primarily causes genital herpes. Additionally, other herpesviruses such as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which causes chickenpox and shingles, and cytomegalovirus (CMV), which can cause serious complications in newborns and immunocompromised individuals, are also targeted by herpesvirus vaccines.
Herpesvirus vaccines work by exposing the immune system to a weakened or inactivated form of the virus, or to specific viral proteins, which triggers an immune response. This response includes the production of antibodies and activation of T-cells that recognize and attack the virus if it enters the body in the future.
Currently, there are vaccines available for HSV-1 and HSV-2, but they are not widely used. The only FDA-approved herpesvirus vaccine is for VZV, which is marketed as Varivax and prevents chickenpox and reduces the risk of shingles. There are also several experimental vaccines in development for other herpesviruses, including HSV-1, HSV-2, and CMV.
Medical Definition of "Herpesvirus 8, Human" (HHV-8):
Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV), is a DNA virus from the family of Herpesviridae. It is the causative agent of several malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). HHV-8 is primarily transmitted through saliva, sexual contact, or organ transplantation. In immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS, the risk of HHV-8-associated malignancies significantly increases. The virus establishes latency in infected cells and can periodically reactivate, causing inflammation and potentially leading to the development of cancer.
Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a species of the Roseolovirus genus in the Herpesviridae family. It is a double-stranded DNA virus and is one of the human herpesviruses, which are a group of viruses that includes eight different types that can infect humans.
There are two variants of HHV-6, known as HHV-6A and HHV-6B. Both variants are closely related but have distinct biological properties and clinical manifestations. HHV-6B is the cause of exanthem subitum (also known as roseola infantum or sixth disease), a common childhood illness characterized by fever and rash, while HHV-6A has been associated with various diseases in immunocompromised individuals, such as encephalitis, pneumonitis, and bone marrow suppression.
HHV-6 is highly prevalent in the human population, with most people getting infected during early childhood. After the initial infection, the virus remains latent in the body for the rest of a person's life, and it can reactivate under certain conditions, such as immune suppression or stress. Reactivation of HHV-6 has been associated with various diseases, including encephalitis, seizures, and fatigue.
It is important to note that while HHV-6 infection is common, most people do not develop any symptoms or long-term complications. However, in some cases, the virus can cause significant illness, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. It typically contains an agent that resembles the disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it encounters in the future.
Vaccines can be prophylactic (to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (to fight disease that is already present). The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. Vaccinations are generally administered through needle injections, but can also be administered by mouth or sprayed into the nose.
The term "vaccine" comes from Edward Jenner's 1796 use of cowpox to create immunity to smallpox. The first successful vaccine was developed in 1796 by Edward Jenner, who showed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox did not get smallpox. He reasoned that exposure to cowpox protected against smallpox and tested his theory by injecting a boy with pus from a cowpox sore and then exposing him to smallpox, which the boy did not contract. The word "vaccine" is derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 during a conversation with a fellow physician and later in the title of his 1801 Inquiry.
Herpesvirus 2, Saimiriine (SaHV-2) is a species of herpesvirus that primarily infects the primate species Saimiri sciureus, also known as the squirrel monkey. It is a member of the genus Rhadinovirus in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. SaHV-2 has been associated with lymphoproliferative diseases and lymphomas in its natural host. The virus has a complex structure, consisting of an outer envelope, a protein layer called the capsid, and a DNA genome. It employs a sophisticated replication strategy to establish latency and evade the host's immune response.
It is important to note that SaHV-2 does not infect humans and is primarily studied in the context of comparative primatology and viral pathogenesis research.
Herpesvirus 1, Equid (EHV-1) is a DNA virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae and subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. It is a species-specific virus that primarily infects horses, donkeys, and mules. The virus is also known as equine abortion virus, equine rhinitis virus type A, and equine herpesvirus 1.
EHV-1 can cause a range of clinical signs in infected animals, including respiratory disease, abortion in pregnant mares, and neurological disorders. The virus is primarily spread through direct contact with infected animals or their respiratory secretions, and it can also be spread through contaminated objects such as tack and feed buckets.
Once an animal is infected with EHV-1, the virus becomes latent in the nervous system and may reactivate later, causing recurrent disease. There is no cure for EHV-1 infection, but vaccines are available to help reduce the severity of clinical signs and prevent the spread of the virus.
Herpesviridae is a family of large, double-stranded DNA viruses that includes several important pathogens affecting humans and animals. The herpesviruses are characterized by their ability to establish latency in infected host cells, allowing them to persist for the lifetime of the host and leading to recurrent episodes of disease.
The family Herpesviridae is divided into three subfamilies: Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae, and Gammaherpesvirinae. Each subfamily includes several genera and species that infect various hosts, including humans, primates, rodents, birds, and reptiles.
Human herpesviruses include:
* Alphaherpesvirinae: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
* Betaherpesvirinae: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A), Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B), and Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7)
* Gammaherpesvirinae: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as HHV-8)
These viruses are responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild skin lesions to life-threatening diseases. Primary infections usually occur during childhood or adolescence and can be followed by recurrent episodes due to virus reactivation from latency.
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a species-specific virus that belongs to the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, and genus Varicellovirus. This virus is the causative agent of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), which is a significant respiratory disease in cattle. The infection can also lead to reproductive issues, including abortions, stillbirths, and inflammation of the genital tract (infectious pustular vulvovaginitis) in cows and infertility in bulls.
The virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, their respiratory secretions, or contaminated objects. Once an animal is infected, BoHV-1 establishes a lifelong latency in the nervous system, from where it can periodically reactivate and shed the virus, even without showing any clinical signs. This makes eradication of the virus challenging in cattle populations.
Vaccines are available to control IBR, but they may not prevent infection or shedding entirely. Therefore, ongoing management practices, such as biosecurity measures and surveillance programs, are essential to minimize the impact of this disease on cattle health and productivity.
Inactivated vaccines, also known as killed or non-live vaccines, are created by using a version of the virus or bacteria that has been grown in a laboratory and then killed or inactivated with chemicals, heat, or radiation. This process renders the organism unable to cause disease, but still capable of stimulating an immune response when introduced into the body.
Inactivated vaccines are generally considered safer than live attenuated vaccines since they cannot revert back to a virulent form and cause illness. However, they may require multiple doses or booster shots to maintain immunity because the immune response generated by inactivated vaccines is not as robust as that produced by live vaccines. Examples of inactivated vaccines include those for hepatitis A, rabies, and influenza (inactivated flu vaccine).
Herpesviridae infections refer to diseases caused by the Herpesviridae family of double-stranded DNA viruses, which include herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). These viruses can cause a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild skin lesions to severe systemic diseases.
After the initial infection, these viruses typically become latent in various tissues and may reactivate later in life, causing recurrent symptoms. The clinical presentation of Herpesviridae infections depends on the specific virus and the immune status of the host. Common manifestations include oral or genital ulcers (HSV-1 and HSV-2), chickenpox and shingles (VZV), mononucleosis (CMV), roseola (HHV-6), and Kaposi's sarcoma (HHV-8).
Preventive measures include avoiding close contact with infected individuals during the active phase of the infection, practicing safe sex, and avoiding sharing personal items that may come into contact with infectious lesions. Antiviral medications are available to treat Herpesviridae infections and reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.
A viral vaccine is a biological preparation that introduces your body to a specific virus in a way that helps your immune system build up protection against the virus without causing the illness. Viral vaccines can be made from weakened or inactivated forms of the virus, or parts of the virus such as proteins or sugars. Once introduced to the body, the immune system recognizes the virus as foreign and produces an immune response, including the production of antibodies. These antibodies remain in the body and provide immunity against future infection with that specific virus.
Viral vaccines are important tools for preventing infectious diseases caused by viruses, such as influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, polio, hepatitis A and B, rabies, rotavirus, chickenpox, shingles, and some types of cancer. Vaccination programs have led to the control or elimination of many infectious diseases that were once common.
It's important to note that viral vaccines are not effective against bacterial infections, and separate vaccines must be developed for each type of virus. Additionally, because viruses can mutate over time, it is necessary to update some viral vaccines periodically to ensure continued protection.
Human Herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) is a species of the Herpesviridae family and Betaherpesvirinae subfamily. It is a double-stranded DNA virus that primarily infects human hosts. HHV-7 is closely related to Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and both viruses share many biological and biochemical properties.
HHV-7 is typically acquired in early childhood, with most people becoming infected before the age of five. Primary infection with HHV-7 can cause a mild illness known as exanthema subitum or roseola infantum, which is characterized by fever and a rash. However, many HHV-7 infections are asymptomatic.
After initial infection, HHV-7 becomes latent in the host's immune cells, particularly CD4+ T-lymphocytes. The virus can reactivate later in life, causing various clinical manifestations such as chronic fatigue syndrome, seizures, and exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. HHV-7 has also been implicated in the development of certain malignancies, including lymphoproliferative disorders and some types of brain tumors.
Like other herpesviruses, HHV-7 establishes a lifelong infection in its human host, with periodic reactivation throughout the individual's lifetime.
I could not find a specific medical definition for "Vaccines, DNA." However, I can provide you with some information about DNA vaccines.
DNA vaccines are a type of vaccine that uses genetically engineered DNA to stimulate an immune response in the body. They work by introducing a small piece of DNA into the body that contains the genetic code for a specific antigen (a substance that triggers an immune response). The cells of the body then use this DNA to produce the antigen, which prompts the immune system to recognize and attack it.
DNA vaccines have several advantages over traditional vaccines. They are relatively easy to produce, can be stored at room temperature, and can be designed to protect against a wide range of diseases. Additionally, because they use DNA to stimulate an immune response, DNA vaccines do not require the growth and culture of viruses or bacteria, which can make them safer than traditional vaccines.
DNA vaccines are still in the experimental stages, and more research is needed to determine their safety and effectiveness. However, they have shown promise in animal studies and are being investigated as a potential tool for preventing a variety of infectious diseases, including influenza, HIV, and cancer.
Synthetic vaccines are artificially produced, designed to stimulate an immune response and provide protection against specific diseases. Unlike traditional vaccines that are derived from weakened or killed pathogens, synthetic vaccines are created using synthetic components, such as synthesized viral proteins, DNA, or RNA. These components mimic the disease-causing agent and trigger an immune response without causing the actual disease. The use of synthetic vaccines offers advantages in terms of safety, consistency, and scalability in production, making them valuable tools for preventing infectious diseases.
Combined vaccines are defined in medical terms as vaccines that contain two or more antigens from different diseases, which are given to provide protection against multiple diseases at the same time. This approach reduces the number of injections required and simplifies the immunization schedule, especially during early childhood. Examples of combined vaccines include:
1. DTaP-Hib-IPV (e.g., Pentacel): A vaccine that combines diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, and poliovirus components in one injection to protect against these five diseases.
2. MMRV (e.g., ProQuad): A vaccine that combines measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox) antigens in a single injection to provide immunity against all four diseases.
3. HepA-HepB (e.g., Twinrix): A vaccine that combines hepatitis A and hepatitis B antigens in one injection, providing protection against both types of hepatitis.
4. MenACWY-TT (e.g., MenQuadfi): A vaccine that combines four serogroups of meningococcal bacteria (A, C, W, Y) with tetanus toxoid as a carrier protein in one injection for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by these serogroups.
5. PCV13-PPSV23 (e.g., Vaxneuvance): A vaccine that combines 13 pneumococcal serotypes with PPSV23, providing protection against a broader range of pneumococcal diseases in adults aged 18 years and older.
Combined vaccines have been thoroughly tested for safety and efficacy to ensure they provide a strong immune response and an acceptable safety profile. They are essential tools in preventing various infectious diseases and improving overall public health.
Bacterial vaccines are types of vaccines that are created using bacteria or parts of bacteria as the immunogen, which is the substance that triggers an immune response in the body. The purpose of a bacterial vaccine is to stimulate the immune system to develop protection against specific bacterial infections.
There are several types of bacterial vaccines, including:
1. Inactivated or killed whole-cell vaccines: These vaccines contain entire bacteria that have been killed or inactivated through various methods, such as heat or chemicals. The bacteria can no longer cause disease, but they still retain the ability to stimulate an immune response.
2. Subunit, protein, or polysaccharide vaccines: These vaccines use specific components of the bacterium, such as proteins or polysaccharides, that are known to trigger an immune response. By using only these components, the vaccine can avoid using the entire bacterium, which may reduce the risk of adverse reactions.
3. Live attenuated vaccines: These vaccines contain live bacteria that have been weakened or attenuated so that they cannot cause disease but still retain the ability to stimulate an immune response. This type of vaccine can provide long-lasting immunity, but it may not be suitable for people with weakened immune systems.
Bacterial vaccines are essential tools in preventing and controlling bacterial infections, reducing the burden of diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumococcal disease, meningococcal disease, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease. They work by exposing the immune system to a harmless form of the bacteria or its components, which triggers the production of antibodies and memory cells that can recognize and fight off future infections with that same bacterium.
It's important to note that while vaccines are generally safe and effective, they may cause mild side effects such as pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site, fever, or fatigue. Serious side effects are rare but can occur, so it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider before receiving any vaccine.
An AIDS vaccine is a type of preventive vaccine that aims to stimulate the immune system to produce an effective response against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The goal of an AIDS vaccine is to induce the production of immune cells and proteins that can recognize and eliminate HIV-infected cells, thereby preventing the establishment of a persistent infection.
Despite decades of research, there is still no licensed AIDS vaccine available. This is due in part to the unique challenges posed by HIV, which has a high mutation rate and can rapidly evolve to evade the immune system's defenses. However, several promising vaccine candidates are currently being tested in clinical trials around the world, and researchers continue to explore new approaches and strategies for developing an effective AIDS vaccine.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccines are medical products being developed to prevent or ameliorate infection and disease caused by the human cytomegalovirus. CMV is a type of herpesvirus that can cause serious health problems in people with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing organ transplantation, people living with HIV/AIDS, and newborns infected with the virus before birth (congenital CMV infection).
There are currently no approved vaccines for CMV. However, several vaccine candidates are being investigated in clinical trials to evaluate their safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. These vaccine candidates use various approaches, such as:
1. Live-attenuated viruses: These vaccines contain weakened forms of the virus that can stimulate an immune response without causing disease. An example is the Towne vaccine, which has been studied in clinical trials for several decades.
2. Recombinant proteins: These vaccines use specific viral proteins to induce an immune response. For instance, a glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine has shown promising results in phase II clinical trials.
3. Virus-like particles (VLPs): VLPs mimic the structure of the virus but do not contain any viral genetic material. They can be used to induce an immune response without causing infection.
4. DNA vaccines: These vaccines use plasmids containing CMV genes to stimulate an immune response. A DNA vaccine encoding the CMV phosphoprotein 65 (pp65) has been tested in clinical trials.
5. mRNA vaccines: Similar to DNA vaccines, mRNA vaccines use genetic material to induce an immune response. Moderna Therapeutics is developing an mRNA vaccine candidate for CMV.
The development of a safe and effective CMV vaccine remains a significant public health priority, as CMV infection can lead to severe complications in vulnerable populations.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a type of herpesvirus that can cause infection in humans. It is characterized by the enlargement of infected cells (cytomegaly) and is typically transmitted through close contact with an infected person, such as through saliva, urine, breast milk, or sexual contact.
CMV infection can also be acquired through organ transplantation, blood transfusions, or during pregnancy from mother to fetus. While many people infected with CMV experience no symptoms, it can cause serious complications in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing cancer treatment or those who have HIV/AIDS.
In newborns, congenital CMV infection can lead to hearing loss, vision problems, and developmental delays. Pregnant women who become infected with CMV for the first time during pregnancy are at higher risk of transmitting the virus to their unborn child. There is no cure for CMV, but antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications in severe cases.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are caused by the human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5), a type of herpesvirus. The infection can affect people of all ages, but it is more common in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or who have undergone organ transplantation.
CMV can be spread through close contact with an infected person's saliva, urine, blood, tears, semen, or breast milk. It can also be spread through sexual contact or by sharing contaminated objects, such as toys, eating utensils, or drinking glasses. Once a person is infected with CMV, the virus remains in their body for life and can reactivate later, causing symptoms to recur.
Most people who are infected with CMV do not experience any symptoms, but some may develop a mononucleosis-like illness, characterized by fever, fatigue, swollen glands, and sore throat. In people with weakened immune systems, CMV infections can cause more severe symptoms, including pneumonia, gastrointestinal disease, retinitis, and encephalitis.
Congenital CMV infection occurs when a pregnant woman passes the virus to her fetus through the placenta. This can lead to serious complications, such as hearing loss, vision loss, developmental delays, and mental disability.
Diagnosis of CMV infections is typically made through blood tests or by detecting the virus in bodily fluids, such as urine or saliva. Treatment depends on the severity of the infection and the patient's overall health. Antiviral medications may be prescribed to help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Nervous system diseases, also known as neurological disorders, refer to a group of conditions that affect the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles. These diseases can affect various functions of the body, such as movement, sensation, cognition, and behavior. They can be caused by genetics, infections, injuries, degeneration, or tumors. Examples of nervous system diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, stroke, and neuroinfections like meningitis and encephalitis. The symptoms and severity of these disorders can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe and debilitating.
An immunocompromised host refers to an individual who has a weakened or impaired immune system, making them more susceptible to infections and decreased ability to fight off pathogens. This condition can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (developed during one's lifetime).
Acquired immunocompromised states may result from various factors such as medical treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunosuppressive drugs), infections (e.g., HIV/AIDS), chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, malnutrition, liver disease), or aging.
Immunocompromised hosts are at a higher risk for developing severe and life-threatening infections due to their reduced immune response. Therefore, they require special consideration when it comes to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases.
Cytomegalovirus vaccine
Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1
Varicella vaccine
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4
Vaccine
Prenatal care in the United States
International Elephant Foundation
ISCOM
Bovine malignant catarrhal fever
Duck plague
Herpes simplex virus
Stephen Straus
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Equid alphaherpesvirus 1
Herbert E. Kaufman
Nasal vaccine
Herpes simplex research
Gammaherpesvirinae
Colossal Biosciences
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1
VZV immune globulin
Horse management
Pacheco's disease
Orthoherpesviridae
Equid alphaherpesvirus 4
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 5
Oncolytic herpes virus
K-mer
Pseudorabies
Canid alphaherpesvirus 1
Vaccines | Free Full-Text | Generation of A Triple Insert Live Avian Herpesvirus Vectored Vaccine Using CRISPR/Cas9-Based Gene...
B-Virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) Infection in Humans and Macaques: Potential for Zoonotic Disease - Volume 9, Number 2...
Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) Infection: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Vaccine shows promise against herpes virus - Paranormal.lt
The Herpesvirus of Turkey-Based Vector Vaccine Decreases Transmitting associated with Newcastle Illness | Jak Inhibitors
Moderna develops vaccines for herpes viruses, chickenpox and types of cancer - iWebWire
Cytomegalovirus vaccine - Wikipedia
Prevention of Herpesvirus Simiae (B Virus) Infection
A heat shock protein based polyvalent vaccine targeting HSV-2: CD4(+) and CD8(+) cellular immunity and protective efficacy
Attempts to Immunoprotect Adult Horses, Specifically Pregnant Mares, with Commercial Vaccines against Clinical Disease Induced...
Rhesus Macaques Archives - Americans for Medical Progress
Jessica R. Durkee-Shock, M.D., MHSc | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Qatari model forecasts herpes trends in the US - News - Nature Middle East
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Mumps Outbreak at a University and Recommendation for a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine - Illinois, 2015-2016 |...
Vaccines: The World Market
Frontiers | Human NK Cells and Herpesviruses: Mechanisms of Recognition, Response and Adaptation
Clinical trial to test whether vaccine can effectively treat melanoma - ScienceBlog.com
T-cell therapy fights viral infections following stem cell transplants
Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology Seminar today
Novel multi-epitope subunit vaccine induces robust immune response against Epstein-Barr virus
herpes simplex virus Archives - ScienceBlog.com
Age-associated B cells are long-lasting effectors that impede latent γHV68 reactivation | Scientific Reports
Love's Labor Lost: Small Ruminant Abortion Storms | College of Agricultural Sciences
HPV vaccines to prevent cervical cancer and other HPV-associated diseases | HSTalks
Vaccines List | Precision Vaccinations News
VM248/VM248: Protecting Florida Horses through Vaccination
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Your partner has herpes - now the good news | New Scientist
Equine Herpesvirus Infection (Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis) - Horse Owners - Merck Veterinary Manual
MRNA14
- Moderna disclosed this Friday that it is developing vaccines against the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster (VZV), which causes chickenpox, and another with applications for two types of cancer, based on messenger RNA (mRNA) technology. (iwebwire.com)
- "We are committed to addressing latent viruses with the goal of avoiding lifelong medical illnesses with our mRNA vaccine programs," said Moderna CEO Stéphane Bancel, adding that more lines could soon be added to the current five. (iwebwire.com)
- Moderna is working on mRNA-1647, a mRNA CMV vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
- It was the first mRNA vaccine to enter phase 2 clinical trials. (wikipedia.org)
- Moderna gave updates on its messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines during its second annual Vaccines Day event. (scienceboard.net)
- The soft-spoken visionary, heralded as the "father" of mRNA vaccines, humbly acknowledged his co-inventor, the indomitable Prof. Katalin Kariko, for spearheading what would soon become a seismic vaccine revolution. (gulfnews.com)
- As Dr. Weissman laid bare the intricacies of mRNA vaccine mechanics in 2021, he painted a vivid portrait, stating: "We put the code for the spike protein (of the SARS-CoV-2) of the virus that causes COVID-19, into the mRNA, and deliver it to a (human) cell. (gulfnews.com)
- Until the COVID-19 maelstrom, which left a death toll of about 7 million worldwide, and despite three decades of research, mRNA vaccines had languished in the confines of labs. (gulfnews.com)
- mRNA vaccines emerged as a beacon of hope, quelling the pandemic's disruptive tumult that had gripped our world. (gulfnews.com)
- A recent study found that a latent cytomegalovirus infection can have a negative effect on mRNA vaccine responsiveness to COVID-19 infection. (ajmc.com)
- The residents were given the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine between December 2020 and February 2021 at 4 nursing homes and were vaccinated at the same time as HCWs. (ajmc.com)
- All HCWs and residents were sampled before their first mRNA vaccine, 2 weeks after their second dose, 6 months after their second dose, before a third dose, and 2 weeks after the third dose. (ajmc.com)
- Immune response to the mRNA vaccine was measured with immunoglobulin G (IgG) to spike protein and the anti-receptor binding domain (RBD). (ajmc.com)
- In her paper, " Worse Than The Disease: Reviewing Some Possible Unintended Consequences of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19 ," published in the International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice and Research in collaboration with Dr. Greg Nigh, 2 Seneff explains that a significant part of the problem is that while the natural spike protein is bad, the spike protein your body produces in response to the vaccine is even worse. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
Efficacy3
- A phase 2 study of a recombinant gB protein subunit CMV-vaccine published in 2009 indicated an efficacy of 50% in seronegative women of childbearing age-thus the protection provided was limited and a number of subjects contracted CMV infection despite the vaccination. (wikipedia.org)
- In this study, scientists have developed a lymph node-targeting multi-epitope subunit vaccine against EVB and tested its efficacy in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-expressing mice. (news-medical.net)
- A conditionally licensed vaccine must have demonstrated field safety and a reasonable expectation of efficacy. (thehorse.com)
Antigens5
- Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), used originally as a vaccine against Marek's disease (MD), has recently been shown to be a highly effective viral vector for generation of recombinant vaccines that deliver protective antigens of other avian pathogens. (mdpi.com)
- So it's the same story over and over again: Either your subunit vaccine doesn't present enough antigens, or you make the live virus essentially so sick that it doesn't work really well to generate an immune response,' Pickard said. (paranormal.lt)
- Efforts to develop a subunit vaccine against genital herpes have been hampered by lack of knowledge of the protective antigens of HSV-2, the causative agent of the disease. (nih.gov)
- Vaccines based either on selected antigens or attenuated live virus approaches have not demonstrated meaningful clinical activity. (nih.gov)
- Scientists analyzed known human CD8+ T cell epitopes from EBV antigens to design a polyepitope vaccine immunogen that incorporates 20 CD8+ T cell epitopes into an engineered protein immunogen. (news-medical.net)
Rabies vaccine2
- The exception to this is the rabies vaccine, which is required by law if you plan to travel abroad with your pet . (comparethemarket.com)
- Kittens need to receive their rabies vaccine shots as early as 8 weeks of age. (petside.com)
20201
- In May 2020, I also interviewed Mikovits about the possibility of these vaccines causing reproductive harm and other health problems. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
Viruses8
- Despite the prevalence of the viruses, more than four decades of research have yet to yield an approved vaccine for HSV-1 or HSV-2. (paranormal.lt)
- Herpesvirus simiae (B virus) is a member of the herpes group of viruses that is enzootic in rhesus (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus (M. fascicularis) and other Asiatic monkeys of the genus Macaca. (cdc.gov)
- An inactivated mixed virus vaccine was of weak antigenicity regarding its EHV‐1 component (whereas good regarding the influenza viruses) so that it proved unsatisfactory for primary immunization. (elsevierpure.com)
- Upon infection many viruses, including Herpesviruses, target T cell function via specific interactions with TCR and HLA-I molecules. (frontiersin.org)
- Herpesviruses are a group of viruses that can cause several different infections. (msdmanuals.com)
- Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and equine herpesvirus-4 (EHV-4) make up 2 distinct groups of viruses. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Vaccines protect against a range of common infectious diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. (comparethemarket.com)
- Bearer says a number of companies have tried to create vaccines to block herpes viruses without success. (unm.edu)
Subunit2
- Scientists from Australia and the USA have developed a lymph node-targeted multi-epitope subunit vaccine that induces strong humoral and cellular immune responses against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in mice. (news-medical.net)
- He will present "Animal Herpesvirus Vector-Based Subunit Polyvalent Vaccines: Current and Future Perspectives. (k-state.edu)
Humans4
- Of the 35 herpesviruses identified in nonhuman primates, only Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (B virus) is known to be pathogenic for humans. (cdc.gov)
- HHV-6 was the sixth herpesvirus discovered, and infection in humans is nearly ubiquitous in the first two years of life, with seroprevalence rates surpassing 95% in most studies. (medscape.com)
- Humans are infected with an array of herpesviruses that persist within us throughout our lives and require continuous surveillance by the host immune system. (nature.com)
- The vaccine fights the herpes simplex 2 virus (HSV2), which coexists with the humans it infects for long periods, only rarely causing bouts of sores. (newscientist.com)
Therapeutics3
- The clinical program within the Medical Virology Section has 2 main foci: the natural history of viral infections and their intersection with immune defects and early phase therapeutics and vaccines for herpesvirus infections. (nih.gov)
- As such, the rational design of vaccines and new therapeutics against HCMV is a public health priority. (databasefootball.com)
- The overarching goal of my research is to uncover new ways to understand infection and immunity and to rapidly develop and distribute vaccines and therapeutics to improve global health. (ccf.org)
Viral12
- The viral genome is G+C rich (75% G+C), the highest of any known herpesvirus ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
- Electron micrograph studies of B virus show a typical herpesvirus structure ( 6 ), including an electron dense core with viral DNA inside an icosapentahedral capsid surrounded by an amorphous tegument protein layer and a lipid envelope studded with viral glycoproteins. (cdc.gov)
- The vaccine provided significant protection from viral challenge in a mouse prophylaxis model and showed signals of activity in a guinea pig therapeutic model of existing infection. (nih.gov)
- Our current and planned early clinical trials include phase I Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, as well as collaborations with CNH CETI for viral-specific T cell therapies for the treatment and prevention of chronic norovirus infection and COVID-19. (nih.gov)
- She is passionate about her work in the clinic caring for patients with primary immunodeficiencies, as well as seeking new therapies and vaccines against viral diseases. (nih.gov)
- Their fundamental role in anti-viral responses has been unveiled in patients with NK cell deficiencies suffering from severe Herpesvirus infections. (frontiersin.org)
- Herpesviruses however, generate a complicated balance with the host immune system through their latency cycle moving between immune control and viral reactivation. (frontiersin.org)
- This lifelong challenge has contributed to the development of numerous evasion mechanisms by Herpesviruses, many of which devoted to elude NK cell surveillance from viral reactivations rather than primary infections. (frontiersin.org)
- A dramatic expansion of viral antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with robust polyfunctional effector phenotype was observed in splenocytes of mice immunized with Amphiphile-CpG vaccine. (news-medical.net)
- It is possible, they add, that the vaccine is helping to stop the cycle of viral reactivation, inflammation, and neuronal damage. (medscape.com)
- Among the tens of glycoproteins, three - glycoprotein B (gB), which functions as a fusion protein, and glycoprotein H/glycoprotein L (gH/gL) complex, which functions as a receptor-binding protein - are conserved across all herpesviruses, forming the core viral fusion machinery. (databasefootball.com)
- The Feline Herpesvirus Vaccine helps protect kittens from feline viral rhinotracheitis. (petside.com)
Moderna1
- Moderna, which at the moment only has the vaccine against covid-19 approved, explained that the serum understudy for the herpes simplex virus is aimed at the HSV-2 type, which mainly infects the genitals, with the idea that it offers cross-protection. (iwebwire.com)
Live attenuated4
- They include recombinant protein, live attenuated, DNA and other vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
- Valneva chikungunya vaccine VLA1553 is a monovalent, single dose, live-attenuated chikungunya vaccine candidate. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Varivax is a live, attenuated varicella-zoster vaccine, a weakened form of the chickenpox virus. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Rational Vaccines VC2 vaccine candidate is a live-attenuated, engineered version of HSV-1. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Herpesviridae2
- Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the family Herpesviridae, also known as Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). (medscape.com)
- Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a member of the β-herpesvirus subfamily of the Herpesviridae , with a high seroprevalence in the global human population via direct contact with bodily secretions, ranging from 50% in industrialized countries to as high as 99% in resource-poor communities and developing countries. (databasefootball.com)
Effective vaccine2
- The primary focus of the research is understand at a molecular level immune responses that are protective against EEHV and to leverage these findings to generate an effective vaccine. (nature.com)
- It is led by scientists with expertise in EBV research working toward a safe and effective vaccine against the virus and the various diseases associated with EBV infection, including multiple sclerosis (MS). A first clinical trial of the potential vaccine, called EBV-001, will aim to prevent mononucleosis, or mono, and the chronic fatigue it can cause. (thisisms.com)
Recombinant1
- The polypeptide vaccine immunogen was admixed with whole recombinant EBV glycoprotein 350 (gp350) to generate a virus-specific neutralizing antibody response. (news-medical.net)
Genome3
- It is the largest (220 nm in diameter) and most complex herpesvirus, with a 235,000 double-stranded DNA genome. (medscape.com)
- HCMV exemplifies the canonical architecture of herpesviruses, with an icosahedral capsid enclosing a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome, a partially-ordered tegument layer, and a pleomorphic envelope bearing glycoproteins essential for host-cell entry. (databasefootball.com)
- HCMV is the most genetically complex and, structurally, the largest among all human herpesviruses, with a genome of 235 kb and with a size exceeding 2000Å. (databasefootball.com)
Infections9
- Herpes Simplex Virus Infections There are 8 different types of herpesvirus. (msdmanuals.com)
- What infections do herpesviruses cause? (msdmanuals.com)
- How do doctors treat herpesvirus infections? (msdmanuals.com)
- For example, for CMV and some other herpesvirus infections, doctors may give you antiviral medicines. (msdmanuals.com)
- The vaccine may not completely prevent cat herpes but it will help limit the severity of infections. (vetinfo.com)
- The FHV vaccine is a standard vaccination for kittens, along with feline calicivirus which also causes upper respiratory infections. (vetinfo.com)
- Evidence shows that those who have latent herpesvirus infections could have worse outcomes from COVID-19. (ajmc.com)
- The possibility that infections might play a role in triggering Alzheimer's raises the prospect that a vaccine could perhaps be developed to prevent them. (unm.edu)
- This is a vaccine that will help protect your cat from future Bordetella bronchiseptica infections. (petside.com)
Cytomegalovirus vaccines1
- Other cytomegalovirus vaccines candidates are the CMV-MVA Triplex vaccine and the CMVpp65-A*0201 peptide vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
IMMUNE RESPONSE7
- A genetically edited form of a herpes simplex virus-rewired to keep it from taking refuge in the nervous system and eluding an immune response-has outperformed a leading vaccine candidate in a new study from the University of Cincinnati, Northwestern University and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. (paranormal.lt)
- In other words, the vaccine prompted an immune response that was circulated through the bloodstream to distant sites. (scienceblog.com)
- To further increase vaccine-induced immune response, an Amphiphile-modified CpG DNA adjuvant was incorporated into the vaccine. (news-medical.net)
- The testing of the polyepitope vaccine immunogen using peripheral mononuclear cells isolated from EBV seropositive donors revealed that the immunogen can be effectively processed by antigen-presenting cells to generate epitopes that can be presented on HLA class I molecules and subsequently recognized by human CD8+ T cells to promote an immune response. (news-medical.net)
- A "primary series" of the vaccines with booster doses is required to produce a protective immune response and is routinely administered to horses in the first year of life. (ufl.edu)
- We speculate that this might be due to increased risk of disease in vaccinated SZC (suggesting that the vaccine may be less effective at stimulating an appropriate immune response in this breed) and/or increased survival in unvaccinated SZC (suggesting that these cattle may have a degree of prior immunity against infection with AlHV-1). (nottingham.ac.uk)
- In animal models, the vaccine was able to induce a broad immune response reflecting human immunity against the virus. (thisisms.com)
Ubiquitous2
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, infecting approximately 95% of the global population. (news-medical.net)
- Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are ubiquitous and persistent herpesviruses commonly acquired during childhood. (lu.se)
Diseases5
- With the historic success of vaccines in virtually eliminating diseases such as small pox and polio, and with their obvious benefit of preventing disease before it occurs, vaccines are a 9 billion dollar industry and new vaccines continue to be developed. (marketresearch.com)
- Health care workers (HCWs) had a lower vaccine response to COVID-19 infection when they had a latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, according to a study published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases . (ajmc.com)
- Infection by herpesviruses leads to many human diseases, ranging from a cold sore, chickenpox, to cancer. (databasefootball.com)
- Because the herpesvirus sits in neurons forever, there is speculation it is connected to neurodegenerative diseases. (scitechdaily.com)
- Baylor College of Medicine requires employees to be fully vaccinated -subject to approved exemptions-against vaccine-preventable diseases including, but not limited to, COVID-19 and influenza. (nature.com)
Antigen1
- This adjuvant was designed to increase lymph node delivery and accumulation of vaccine antigen and adjuvant. (news-medical.net)
Hepatitis A vir1
- Vaqta is an inactivated whole virus vaccine derived from hepatitis A virus grown in cell culture in human MRC-5 diploid fibroblasts. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Humoral immunity1
- Consequently, optimal humoral immunity as well as clinical acceptability resulted when two different vaccines were used, one for induction, the other for maintenance of protection. (elsevierpure.com)
Immunogenicity3
- An oil‐adjuvanted vaccine proved of highest antiviral immunogenicity, but after repeated revaccinations caused severe local reactions so frequently that we had to discontinue its use in adults. (elsevierpure.com)
- The immunogenicity of the vaccine was tested using HLA-expressing transgenic mice. (news-medical.net)
- Based on our very favorable preclinical proof-of-concept data regarding the immunogenicity of the vaccine, we are confident that EBV-001 can effectively prevent the development of infectious mononucleosis and the often associated chronic fatigue syndrome," said Axel Polack, MD, the company's CEO. (thisisms.com)
Adjuvant2
- We present here results of a therapeutic vaccine candidate, HerpV (formerly called AG-707), consisting of 32 HSV-2 peptides derived from 22 HSV-2 proteins, complexed non-covalently to the HSP70 chaperone and formulated with QS-21 saponin adjuvant. (nih.gov)
- The testing of lymph node accumulation of vaccine immunogens revealed that the Amphiphile-modified CpG DNA adjuvant is highly capable of increasing lymph node drainage and retention of immunogens, in addition to persistently inducing an acute inflammatory response in local and distal lymph nodes. (news-medical.net)
Therapeutic vaccine candidate1
- VBI-2601 (BRII-179) is a hepatitis therapeutic vaccine candidate that targets B- and T-cell immunity. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Clinical3
- CHICAGO - Rush University Medical Center is leading a nationwide Phase III clinical trial to determine whether a promising vaccine for advanced melanoma can effectively treat the deadly skin cancer. (scienceblog.com)
- BioVex will now begin clinical trials of the vaccine in London. (newscientist.com)
- EBViously announced that it has developed a candidate vaccine against the Epstein-Barr virus and plans to bring it into clinical trials starting in 2024. (thisisms.com)
Antibody5
- The vaccine significantly boosted the antibody levels and reduced the duration of post-transplantation viremia. (wikipedia.org)
- In a project lasting 4 years more than 300 Lipizzans, around 180 of them adults, were vaccinated systematically against Equine Herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) and representative groups thereof were serologically controlled for their antibody responses. (elsevierpure.com)
- It was, however, potent enough, and clinically well tolerated, to maintain suitable antibody levels in horses which had been initially primed by the oil‐adjuvanted vaccine. (elsevierpure.com)
- Broodmares require specific vaccines during gestation to prevent abortion and provide antibody-rich colostrum to the newborn foal. (ufl.edu)
- This study aimed to determine whether latent CMV or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) affected vaccine antibody responses and whether there was an association with age or prior COVID-19 infection. (ajmc.com)
Dose6
- A third dose of MMR vaccine has been used in previous mumps outbreaks, but its effectiveness is not established. (cdc.gov)
- 89% of patients with mumps had received at least 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, and a third dose was recommended as a control measure. (cdc.gov)
- These were weighed against potential drawbacks, which included the potential for vaccine-related side effects, associated costs, and the lack of evidence of the effectiveness of a third MMR dose. (cdc.gov)
- Because of sustained transmission in a population with high 2-dose coverage with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, a third MMR dose was recommended by IDPH, C-UPHD, and the university's McKinley Health Center. (cdc.gov)
- The mice were immunized with the primary vaccine dose, followed by two booster doses, each three weeks apart. (news-medical.net)
- Kittens can receive their first dose of the vaccine by the age of 6 weeks. (petside.com)
Equine vaccines1
- Compare all our Equine Vaccines in one place! (bigdweb.com)
Influenza2
- Influenza, equine herpesvirus, and strangles have both intramuscular and intranasal vaccines available. (ufl.edu)
- Vaccination for influenza and equine herpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-4) is recommended in most cases, especially in performance horses and horses exposed to transient or young equine populations. (ufl.edu)
Particles2
- Valneva COVID-19 vaccine (VLA2001) consists of inactivated whole virus particles of SARS-CoV-2. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- The vaccine candidate is based on virus-like particles that are similar to the virus but do not cause an infection. (thisisms.com)
Calicivirus1
- The vaccine for Calicivirus follows the same schedule for both Feline Distemper and Feline Herpesvirus vaccinations. (petside.com)
Protein4
- Vaxart oral COVID-19 VXA-CoV2-1 is an oral tablet vaccine targeting both the spike protein (S) and nucleoprotein (N) of the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Vidprevtyn is a protein-based adjuvanted vaccine produced by Sanofi-GSK. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- As noted by Mikovits, we now know that the worst symptoms of COVID-19 are created by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein , and that is the very thing these gene-based vaccines are instructing your body to make. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
- But it's far worse, as the vaccines do not cause your body to make the same spike protein as SARS-CoV-2 but one that has been genetically modified, making it far more toxic. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
Doses2
Virus13
- Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (B virus), an alphaherpesvirus endemic in Asian macaques, is closely related to herpes simplex virus (HSV). (cdc.gov)
- Published Nov. 6 in the journal Nature Vaccines , the study found that vaccinating guinea pigs with the modified live virus significantly increased the production of virus-combating antibodies. (paranormal.lt)
- So the researchers were heartened when further studies showed that the R2-mutated virus performed well as a vaccine in mice. (paranormal.lt)
- A Cytomegalovirus vaccine is a vaccine to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or curb virus re-activation (symptomatic flare-ups) in persons already infected. (wikipedia.org)
- A live virus vaccine proved ineffective if humoral antibodies were present. (elsevierpure.com)
- For the first time, scientists have used a genetically engineered herpes virus to achieve significant vaccine protection against the AIDS virus in monkeys. (amprogress.org)
- However, the constant stimulus provided by virus-host interplay has also favored NK-cell adaptation to Herpesviruses. (frontiersin.org)
- The vaccine being tested is called OncoVEX, initially developed to combat herpes virus. (scienceblog.com)
- The vaccine includes an oncolytic virus, a reprogrammed virus that has been converted into a cancer-fighting agent that attacks tumor cells while leaving healthy cells undamaged. (scienceblog.com)
- Valneva's VLA1601 Zika virus vaccine candidate development program is on hold. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- VRC5283 is a Zika Virus DNA Vaccine candidate. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Once you're infected with a herpesvirus, the virus stays in your body for the rest of your life. (msdmanuals.com)
- It achieves this feat by suppressing its host's immune system, and this has meant attempts to use the virus itself as a vaccine have failed. (newscientist.com)
Genital herpes2
- The fact that it demonstrated cross-protection against HSV type 2-the sexually transmitted type usually responsible for genital herpes-suggests that an HSV-2-specific edition of the vaccine could prove even more effective, the researchers said. (paranormal.lt)
- A vaccine would initially be offered to the sexual partners of people who carry genital herpes, says Coffin. (newscientist.com)
Latent3
- Similar to other herpesviruses, HHV-6 infects a wide variety of cells and remains latent after initial infection. (medscape.com)
- Residents of nursing homes were also found to have lower vaccine response with a latent CMV infection. (ajmc.com)
- Like other human herpesviruses, HCMV is never completely cleared and remains latent throughout the life of the host once infected. (databasefootball.com)
Human5
- Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a herpesvirus that causes roseola infantum (or exanthema subitum [sixth disease]) in infants and children. (medscape.com)
- Human Herpesviruses. (wikipedia.org)
- VIR-1111 HIV vaccine canidate is based on human cytomegalovirus that has been designed to elicit abundant T cells that recognize HIV epitopes in a way that differs from prior HIV vaccines. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Oncogenic human herpesvirus hijacks proline metabolism for tumorigenesis. (ccf.org)
- The researchers believe the results from this study will apply to all eight different human herpesviruses. (scitechdaily.com)
Investigational1
- INOVIO VGX-3100 is an investigational immunotherapy vaccine. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Feline leukemia1
- This vaccine helps protect cats against feline leukemia and immunosuppressive disease conditions. (petside.com)
20181
- As of 2018 no such vaccine exists, although a number of vaccine candidates are under investigation. (wikipedia.org)
FeLV1
- If it is positive for FeLV, then the vaccine is not required. (petside.com)
Vaccination schedule1
- It follows the same vaccination schedule as Feline Distemper vaccine. (petside.com)
Prevention1
- Still, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are recommending pregnant women get these vaccines, as well as children as young as 12, which is unconscionable, considering the potential lifelong risks and impairment of fertility. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
Severe2
- While most vaccine reactions are mild and self-limiting, more severe reactions may require veterinary intervention. (ufl.edu)
- This vaccine protects cats from a very severe and highly-contagious disease that can lead to death. (petside.com)
Lesions2
- The vaccine is injected directly into lesions that can be felt or seen, with or without ultrasound. (scienceblog.com)
- What really surprised, and encouraged, us was that the vaccine worked not just on the cells we injected, but on lesions in other parts of the body that we couldn't reach," Kaufman said. (scienceblog.com)
Disease10
- Both groups demonstrated a similar disease progression in rabbits inoculated with nerve tissue from patient W.B. and characterized the agent as a herpesvirus. (cdc.gov)
- These findings highlight the need for a vaccine with dual protection against HSV-1 and HSV-2, and should impact public health messaging to young people regarding the risks of sexually transmitted disease spread through oral sex," says Joshua T. Schiffer of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, USA, who was also not involved in the study. (natureasia.com)
- Vaxcyte Inc. VAX-24 Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine candidate addresses infection from 24 serotypes of pneumococcal disease. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- The vaccines are administered by an intramuscular or intranasal route depending on the disease. (ufl.edu)
- It generally takes 1-2 weeks after a completed vaccine series for your horse to be protected against the disease. (ufl.edu)
- That interview was featured in " COVID Vaccines May Bring Avalanche of Neurological Disease . (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
- Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease of cattle that, in East Africa, follows contact with wildebeest excreting alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1). (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Several vaccines are available for preventing disease associated with FPV. (vetstreet.com)
- As infectious mononucleosis is a known risk factor for multiple sclerosis, there is great hope that our vaccine may also reduce the incidence of this chronic neurodegenerative autoimmune disease," Hammerschmidt added. (thisisms.com)
- Other possible trials of the EBV-001 vaccine are planned for people with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, a potentially life-threatening complication of organ transplants, and EBV-related cancers. (thisisms.com)
Melanoma2
- As for the "control" vaccine for cancer, the company said that its trial seeks to stimulate T-cells -lymphocytes that eliminate tumor cells- and that it would have applications for two types, advanced or metastatic cutaneous melanoma, and non-small cell lung carcinoma. (iwebwire.com)
- These are the best results to date for any vaccine developed for melanoma, but they need to be confirmed in a larger population. (scienceblog.com)