Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.
Diminished or failed response of PLANTS to HERBICIDES.
A selective triazine herbicide. Inhalation hazard is low and there are no apparent skin manifestations or other toxicity in humans. Acutely poisoned sheep and cattle may show muscular spasms, fasciculations, stiff gait, increased respiratory rates, adrenal degeneration, and congestion of the lungs, liver, and kidneys. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed)
An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.
A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.
A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
A plant growing in a location where it is not wanted, often competing with cultivated plants.
An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from 2 moles of PYRUVATE in the biosynthesis of VALINE and the formation of acetohydroxybutyrate from pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate in the biosynthesis of ISOLEUCINE. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.18.
A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.
A triazine herbicide.
An enzyme of the shikimate pathway of AROMATIC AMINO ACID biosynthesis, it generates 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate and ORTHOPHOSPHATE from PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE and shikimate-3-phosphate. The shikimate pathway is present in BACTERIA and PLANTS but not in MAMMALS.
The prevention of growth and or spread of unwanted plants.
A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.
A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide.
A chlorinated organic herbicide.
A membrane-bound flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxygen-dependent aromatization of protoporphyrinogen IX (Protogen) to protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX). It is the last enzyme of the common branch of the HEME and CHLOROPHYLL pathways in plants, and is the molecular target of diphenyl ether-type herbicides. VARIEGATE PORPHYRIA is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with deficiency of protoporphyrinogen oxidase.
A pre-emergent herbicide.
Heterocyclic rings containing three nitrogen atoms, commonly in 1,2,4 or 1,3,5 or 2,4,6 formats. Some are used as HERBICIDES.
Common member of the Gramineae family used as cattle FODDER. It harbors several fungi and other parasites toxic to livestock and people and produces allergenic compounds, especially in its pollen. The most commonly seen varieties are L. perenne, L. multiflorum, and L. rigidum.
A species of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria found ubiquitously and formerly called Comamonas acidovorans and Pseudomonas acidovorans. It is the type species of the genus DELFTIA.
Toluidines are a group of organic compounds consisting of various derivatives of toluene with an amine group (-NH2) attached to the benzene ring, which have been used in chemical synthesis and historical medical research but are not currently utilized as therapeutic agents due to their carcinogenic properties.
Herbicides that remove leaves from trees and growing plants. They may be either organic or inorganic. Several of the more persistent types have been used in military operations and many are toxic. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Phenols substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position.
Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.
Sulfonylurea compounds are a class of medications used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 that promote insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells by closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels in their membranes.
Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that contain one or more amino groups attached to the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.
The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate plus oxygen to homogentisic acid and carbon dioxide. EC 1.13.11.27.
Urea compounds which are substituted with one or more methyl groups.
A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide.
Ethers that are linked to a benzene ring structure.
Chemicals used in agriculture. These include pesticides, fumigants, fertilizers, plant hormones, steroids, antibiotics, mycotoxins, etc.
A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.
Pesticides or their breakdown products remaining in the environment following their normal use or accidental contamination.
A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Diseases in persons engaged in cultivating and tilling soil, growing plants, harvesting crops, raising livestock, or otherwise engaged in husbandry and farming. The diseases are not restricted to farmers in the sense of those who perform conventional farm chores: the heading applies also to those engaged in the individual activities named above, as in those only gathering harvest or in those only dusting crops.
A class of organic compounds containing two ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic.
Cultivated plants or agricultural produce such as grain, vegetables, or fruit. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)
Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.
Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.
Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.
Derivatives of ACETIC ACID which contain an hydroxy group attached to the methyl carbon.
Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.
A plant genus, in the family AMARANTHACEAE, best known as a source of high-protein grain crops and of Red Dye No. 2 (AMARANTH DYE). Tumbleweed sometimes refers to Amaranthus but more often refers to SALSOLA.
Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.
Derivatives of acetamide that are used as solvents, as mild irritants, and in organic synthesis.
Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.
A carboxylating enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, acetyl-CoA, and HCO3- to ADP, orthophosphate, and malonyl-CoA. It is a biotinyl-protein that also catalyzes transcarboxylation. The plant enzyme also carboxylates propanoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.4.1.2.
A plant subclass of the class Liliopsida (monocotyledons) in the Chronquist classification system. This is equivalent to the Alismatales order in the APG classification system. It is a primitive group of more or less aquatic plants.
A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on carbon-carbon bonds. This enzyme group includes all the enzymes that introduce double bonds into substrates by direct dehydrogenation of carbon-carbon single bonds.

Semiautomated preparation of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in human urine using a Zymate XP laboratory robot with quantitative determination by gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. (1/1376)

A rapid and sensitive semiautomated method was developed for quantitation of the chlorpyrifos metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) in human urine. A Zymark Zymate XP laboratory robotics system was used to mix urine samples, transfer aliquots, add the stable-isotope-labeled TCP internal standard (13C2- or 13C2,15N-), and liberate conjugates of TCP from urine via acid hydrolysis. Samples were manually extracted into toluene, derivatized, and analyzed by gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Determination of the metabolic TCP was performed by selected ion monitoring of the dichloropyridinol fragment ions: m/z 161 for TCP and m/z 165 for 13C2-TCP or m/z 168 for 13C2,15N-TCP. Interday precision and accuracy were demonstrated over 3 years of analyses using the 13C2-TCP internal standard, with an average recovery from fortified urine samples of 93+/-12% (N = 54, concentration range 1-140 ng/mL). The method was found to be linear over the range of 0.5 to 200 ng/mL, and the limit of detection for TCP in urine was estimated to be 0.2 ng/mL with a limit of quantitation of 1 ng/mL. The effect of solids distribution on the concentration of TCP in the thawed urine samples was examined, and the results indicated that homogeneous distribution is critical for quantitation. The precision and accuracy of the automated method with respect to the transfer of homgeneous urine aliquots and delivery of internal standard yielded equivalent or improved results over the manual techniques. Overall, this method is more simple than existing methodologies, and it yields results with improved precision, accuracy, and sensitivity over previously developed methods.  (+info)

Effect of phenylurea herbicides on soil microbial communities estimated by analysis of 16S rRNA gene fingerprints and community-level physiological profiles. (2/1376)

The effect of three phenyl urea herbicides (diuron, linuron, and chlorotoluron) on soil microbial communities was studied by using soil samples with a 10-year history of treatment. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used for the analysis of 16S rRNA genes (16S rDNA). The degree of similarity between the 16S rDNA profiles of the communities was quantified by numerically analysing the DGGE band patterns. Similarity dendrograms showed that the microbial community structures of the herbicide-treated and nontreated soils were significantly different. Moreover, the bacterial diversity seemed to decrease in soils treated with urea herbicides, and sequence determination of several DGGE fragments showed that the most affected species in the soils treated with diuron and linuron belonged to an uncultivated bacterial group. As well as the 16S rDNA fingerprints, the substrate utilization patterns of the microbial communities were compared. Principal-component analysis performed on BIOLOG data showed that the functional abilities of the soil microbial communities were altered by the application of the herbicides. In addition, enrichment cultures of the different soils in medium with the urea herbicides as the sole carbon and nitrogen source showed that there was no difference between treated and nontreated soil in the rate of transformation of diuron and chlorotoluron but that there was a strong difference in the case of linuron. In the enrichment cultures with linuron-treated soil, linuron disappeared completely after 1 week whereas no significant transformation was observed in cultures inoculated with nontreated soil even after 4 weeks. In conclusion, this study showed that both the structure and metabolic potential of soil microbial communities were clearly affected by a long-term application of urea herbicides.  (+info)

Cytotoxic effect of paraquat on rat C6 glioma cells: evidence for the possibility of non-oxidative damage to the cells. (3/1376)

Although paraquat has been shown to cause oxidative damage to neuronal cells, little is known about its effect on glial cells. Thus the effect of paraquat on glial cells was examined using rat C6 glioma cells as a model system. Paraquat reduced cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and this toxic effect was not significantly attenuated by various kinds of antioxidants. Furthermore, paraquat failed to increase 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine formation in the cells. These results indicate that paraquat can be toxic to glial cells and suggest that this cytotoxic effect may not be associated with the oxidative damage to the cells.  (+info)

High-performance liquid chromatography column switching applied to the trace determination of herbicides in environmental and drinking water samples. (4/1376)

A selective and sensitive coupled-column high-performance liquid chromatographic method is developed for the simultaneous determination of 5 phenylurea herbicides (monuron, linuron, isoproturon, monolinuron, and diuron) in environmental and drinking water samples. Sample clean-up is performed automatically by means of a column switching technique. Using 2 octadecyl silica columns connected via two programmable 6-port valves and ultraviolet detection at 244 nm, the aforementioned compounds can be determined at the low concentration levels required for pesticide residue analysis in water samples. A mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol-water (55:45, v/v) is pumped at 1 mL/min. For the 5 phenylureas, high recoveries ranging from 94.9 to 101.6%, good reproducibility with relative standard deviations lower than 5%, and wide linear ranges up to 20 micrograms/L are observed with determination limits of 0.05 microgram/L. The method is successfully applied to the screening of different environmental water samples such as surface, ground, rain, and drinking water.  (+info)

Construction and characterization of a functional mutant of Synechocystis 6803 harbouring a eukaryotic PSII-H subunit. (5/1376)

A Synechocystis 6803 mutant carrying a chimaeric photosystem II (PSII), in which the Zea mays PsbH subunit (7.7 kDa calculated molecular mass) replaces the cyanobacterial copy (7.0 kDa), was constructed. With the exception of the N-terminal 12 amino acid extension, which has a phosphorylatable threonine, the eukaryotic polypeptide is 78% homologous to its bacterial counterpart. Biochemical characterization of this mutant shows that it expresses the engineered gene correctly and is competent for photoautotrophic growth. Fluorescence analysis and oxygen evolution measurements in the presence of exogenous acceptors indicate that the observed phenotype results from a chimaeric PSII rather than from the absence of function associated with PsbH, suggesting that the heterologous protein is assembled into a functional PSII. Inhibition of oxygen evolution by herbicides belonging to different classes shows that the sensitivity of the mutant PSII is changed only towards phenolic compounds. This result indicates slight conformational modification of the QB/herbicide binding pocket of the D1 polypeptide caused by the bulky PsbH protein in the mutant, and also suggests close structural interaction of the D1 and PsbH subunits in the topological arrangement of PSII.  (+info)

A comparison of electron-capture GLC, electrolytic-conductivity GLC and UV-absorption HPLC for the analysis of some herbicides in foods. (6/1376)

A comparison of gas chromatography with electron-capture or electrolytic-conductivity (nitrogen mode) detection, and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-absorption detection (254 nm) was carried out for the analysis of several herbicides in foods. Linuron, propanil, terbacil, benzoylprop-ethyl, and the fungicide DCNA in samples of cabbage, corn, potato, and wheat spiked at 2 and 0.2 ppm were examined. The pesticides were extracted with acetone, partitioned into petroleum ether-methylene chloride, and cleaned up on a 2% deactivated Florisil column before direct chromatographic analysis. Electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) was most suitable for DCNA and benzoylprop-ethyl while UV-absorption HPLC was best for terbacil analysis. Linuron and propanil gave similar results for both electron-capture GLC and HPLC. Electrolytic-conductivity GLC could detect all pesticides at the 0.2 ppm level and exhibited the least number of extraneous peaks in the chromatograms.  (+info)

Selected phenolic compounds in cultivated plants: ecologic functions, health implications, and modulation by pesticides. (7/1376)

Phenolic compounds are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Plant tissues may contain up to several grams per kilogram. External stimuli such as microbial infections, ultraviolet radiation, and chemical stressors induce their synthesis. The phenolic compounds resveratrol, flavonoids, and furanocoumarins have many ecologic functions and affect human health. Ecologic functions include defense against microbial pathogens and herbivorous animals. Phenolic compounds may have both beneficial and toxic effects on human health. Effects on low-density lipoproteins and aggregation of platelets are beneficial because they reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Mutagenic, cancerogenic, and phototoxic effects are risk factors of human health. The synthesis of phenolic compounds in plants can be modulated by the application of herbicides and, to a lesser extent, insecticides and fungicides. The effects on ecosystem functioning and human health are complex and cannot be predicted with great certainty. The consequences of the combined natural and pesticide-induced modulating effects for ecologic functions and human health should be further evaluated.  (+info)

Induction of the multispecific organic anion transporter (cMoat/mrp2) gene and biliary glutathione secretion by the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the mouse liver. (8/1376)

The canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter, cMoat, is an ATP-binding-cassette protein expressed in the canalicular domain of hepatocytes. In addition to the transport of endo- and xenobiotics, cMoat has also been proposed to transport GSH into bile, the major driving force of bile-acid-independent bile flow. We have shown previously that the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), a peroxisome-proliferator agent, significantly increases bile-acid-independent bile flow in mice. On this basis, the effect of the herbicide on cMoat gene expression was studied. A 3.6-fold increase in cMoat mRNA levels and a 2.5-fold increase in cMoat protein content were observed in the liver of mice fed on a diet supplemented with 0.125% 2,4,5-T. These effects were due to an increased rate of gene transcription (3.9-fold) and were not associated with peroxisome proliferation. Significant increases in bile flow (2.23+/-0.39 versus 1.13+/-0.15 microl/min per g of liver; P<0.05) and biliary GSH output (7.40+/-3.30 versus 2.65+/-0.34 nmol/min per g of liver; P<0.05) were observed in treated animals. The hepatocellular concentration of total glutathione also increased in hepatocytes of treated mice (10.95+/-0.84 versus 5.12+/-0.47 mM; P<0.05), because of the induction (2.4-fold) of the heavy subunit of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS-HS) gene. This is the first model of co-induction of cMoat and GCS-HS genes in vivo in the mouse liver, associated with increased glutathione synthesis and biliary glutathione output. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the cMoat transporter plays a crucial role in the secretion of biliary GSH.  (+info)

Herbicides are a type of pesticide used to control or kill unwanted plants, also known as weeds. They work by interfering with the growth processes of the plant, such as inhibiting photosynthesis, disrupting cell division, or preventing the plant from producing certain essential proteins.

Herbicides can be classified based on their mode of action, chemical composition, and the timing of their application. Some herbicides are selective, meaning they target specific types of weeds while leaving crops unharmed, while others are non-selective and will kill any plant they come into contact with.

It's important to use herbicides responsibly and according to the manufacturer's instructions, as they can have negative impacts on the environment and human health if not used properly.

Herbicide resistance is a genetically acquired trait in weeds that allows them to survive and reproduce following exposure to doses of herbicides that would normally kill or inhibit the growth of susceptible plants. It is a result of natural selection where weed populations with genetic variability are exposed to herbicides, leading to the survival and reproduction of individuals with resistance traits. Over time, this can lead to an increase in the proportion of resistant individuals within the population, making it harder to control weeds using that particular herbicide or group of herbicides.

Atrazine is a herbicide that is widely used to control broadleaf and grassy weeds in crops such as corn, sorghum, and sugarcane. It belongs to a class of chemicals called triazines. Atrazine works by inhibiting the photosynthesis process in plants, which ultimately leads to their death.

Here is the medical definition of Atrazine:

Atrazine: A selective systemic herbicide used for pre- and postemergence control of broadleaf weeds and grasses in corn, sorghum, sugarcane, and other crops. It acts by inhibiting photosynthesis in susceptible plants. Exposure to atrazine can occur through skin or eye contact, ingestion, or inhalation during its use or after its application. Short-term exposure to high levels of atrazine can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, while long-term exposure has been linked to reproductive effects in both humans and animals. It is classified as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a type of synthetic auxin, which is a plant growth regulator. It is a white crystalline powder with a sour taste and mild characteristic odor. It is soluble in water, alcohol, and acetone, and has a melting point of 130-140°C.

2,4-D is a widely used herbicide that is primarily used to control broadleaf weeds in a variety of settings, including agriculture, lawns, and golf courses. It works by mimicking the natural plant hormone auxin, which causes uncontrolled growth in susceptible plants leading to their death.

In medicine, 2,4-D has been used experimentally as a cytotoxic agent for the treatment of cancer, but its use is not widespread due to its toxicity and potential carcinogenicity. It is important to handle this chemical with care, as it can cause skin and eye irritation, and prolonged exposure can lead to more serious health effects.

2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid is a synthetic auxin, which is a type of plant hormone. It is often used as a herbicide to control broadleaf weeds in crops such as corn and wheat. It works by causing uncontrolled growth in the targeted plants, ultimately leading to their death. It is important to note that this compound is not typically used in human medicine.

Linuron is a type of pesticide called a selective herbicide, which is used to control weeds in various crops such as corn, soybeans, and vegetables. It works by inhibiting the growth of susceptible plants, causing them to die. Linuron is absorbed by the leaves and roots of the plants and moves throughout the plant to provide long-lasting control of weeds.

It is important to note that linuron can be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or comes into contact with the skin. It can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and prolonged exposure can lead to more serious health effects. Therefore, it is essential to follow all safety guidelines when using linuron or any other pesticide.

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. In the field of medicine, the term "weeds" is not typically used as a medical definition. The term "weeds" is commonly used to refer to unwanted plants that grow in a particular location, often in agricultural or gardening contexts.

If you are referring to plants that may have medicinal properties but are not typically cultivated and are instead found growing wild, they might be referred to as "wildcrafted herbs" or "weedy species," but there is no official medical definition for these terms either.

If you could provide more context or clarify your question, I would be happy to help further!

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) is a synthetic auxin, or plant growth regulator, that has been used as an herbicide. It was a component of Agent Orange, which was used as a defoliant during the Vietnam War. 2,4,5-T has been banned in many countries due to concerns about its toxicity and potential health effects.

It is important to note that exposure to 2,4,5-T has been linked to various health issues, including developmental and reproductive problems, as well as an increased risk of cancer. It is classified as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).

It's also important to note that 2,4,5-T is not used in medical field, it's mainly used as herbicide and defoliant.

Acetolactate synthase (ALS), also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) in bacteria, fungi, and plants. It catalyzes the first step in the pathway, which is the condensation of two molecules of pyruvate to form acetolactate.

Inhibitors of ALS, such as sulfonylureas and imidazolinones, are widely used as herbicides because they disrupt the biosynthesis of amino acids that are essential for plant growth and development. These inhibitors work by binding to the active site of the enzyme and preventing the substrate from accessing it.

In humans, ALS is not involved in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids, but a homologous enzyme called dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD) plays a crucial role in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Inhibitors of DHOD are used as immunosuppressants to treat autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

Trifluralin is a selective, pre-emergence herbicide that is primarily used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in various crops such as corn, soybeans, vegetables, fruits, and ornamentals. It works by inhibiting the germination of weed seeds and preventing their growth by disrupting the cell division process. Trifluralin is a dinitroaniline compound and its chemical formula is C12H16F3N3O4.

In a medical context, trifluralin may be relevant in cases of accidental or intentional ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact, which can result in toxicity or other adverse health effects. Symptoms of trifluralin exposure may include irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, tremors, and seizures. Chronic exposure to trifluralin has been linked to reproductive and developmental toxicity in animals, but its effects on human health are not well-studied.

It is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of the potential health hazards associated with trifluralin exposure and to take appropriate measures to protect themselves and their patients. This may include using personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling trifluralin, providing proper ventilation in areas where it is used or stored, and seeking medical attention promptly in cases of suspected exposure.

Simazine is a herbicide, specifically a triazine compound. According to the medical definitions provided by MedlinePlus, a service of the US National Library of Medicine, simazine is used to control broadleaf weeds and grasses in various settings such as agriculture (for crops like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains), residential areas, and golf courses. It works by inhibiting photosynthesis in plants.

Exposure to simazine can occur through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation. Potential health effects of exposure may include irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Ingesting large amounts can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Chronic exposure has been linked to neurological symptoms like headaches, dizziness, and decreased coordination. However, it's important to note that the general population's exposure to simazine is usually low, and significant health effects are unlikely under normal circumstances.

As with any chemical substance, individual sensitivity and susceptibility can vary, so if you suspect exposure or experience symptoms, it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.

3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase (PCT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the sixth step in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants and microorganisms. The reaction it catalyzes is the conversion of 3-phosphoshikimate (3PSM) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP). This step is a key control point in the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway, and the enzyme is the target of several herbicides, including glyphosate. The gene that encodes this enzyme is also used as a molecular marker for plant systematics and evolutionary studies.

'Weed control' is not a medical term, but rather it is an agricultural and horticultural term. However, I can provide you with a definition related to those fields:

Weed control refers to the practices and methods used to manage and suppress the growth and spread of unwanted plants (weeds) in crop fields, gardens, lawns, and other landscaped areas. The goal of weed control is to minimize competition between weeds and desirable plants for resources such as water, nutrients, sunlight, and space, thereby improving crop yield, plant health, and aesthetic appeal.

Weed control can be achieved through various cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods, including:

1. Crop rotation: Planting different crops in succession to disrupt the weed life cycle and reduce their populations.
2. Mulching: Applying a layer of organic or inorganic material over the soil surface to prevent weed seed germination and growth.
3. Hand weeding: Physically removing weeds by hand or with tools, either manually or mechanically.
4. Mowing or cutting: Regularly cutting back weeds to prevent them from flowering and producing seeds.
5. Grazing: Allowing animals to feed on weeds in pastures or rangelands.
6. Cover cropping: Planting cover crops to protect the soil, suppress weeds, and improve soil health.
7. Soil solarization: Using clear plastic sheeting to trap heat from the sun and kill weed seeds and roots in the soil.
8. Flaming: Applying heat or flame to weeds to kill them without using chemicals.
9. Herbicides: Applying chemical substances that selectively inhibit or kill weeds while minimizing harm to desirable plants.

It's important to note that proper weed control practices can also help prevent the spread of invasive species and reduce the risk of exposure to harmful plant allergens, toxins, or other health hazards associated with certain types of weeds.

Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide that is used for controlling weeds and grasses in agricultural settings. It is a non-selective contact weed killer, meaning it kills any green plant it comes into contact with. Paraquat is a fast-acting chemical that causes rapid desiccation of plant tissues upon contact.

In a medical context, paraquat is classified as a toxicological emergency and can cause severe poisoning in humans if ingested, inhaled, or comes into contact with the skin or eyes. Paraquat poisoning can lead to multiple organ failure, including the lungs, kidneys, and liver, and can be fatal in severe cases. There is no specific antidote for paraquat poisoning, and treatment typically focuses on supportive care and managing symptoms.

It's important to note that paraquat is highly regulated and its use is restricted to licensed professionals due to its high toxicity. Proper protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection, should be used when handling paraquat to minimize the risk of exposure.

Picloram is a selective herbicide that is used to control broadleaf weeds and brush in a variety of settings, including agriculture, rangelands, and aquatic environments. It is a systemic compound, meaning that it is absorbed by the plant and then transported throughout its tissues, disrupting growth processes and ultimately leading to death.

In medical terms, Picloram may be encountered as a potential environmental exposure or contaminant. While it is not typically used in medical treatments, there have been some studies investigating its potential use as an anticancer agent. However, more research is needed before Picloram can be considered a standard treatment for any medical condition.

It's important to note that Picloram can have harmful effects on humans and other non-target organisms if not used properly. Therefore, it should only be handled and applied by trained professionals who are familiar with its potential risks and proper usage guidelines.

Dicamba is a selective herbicide that is used to control broadleaf weeds in crops such as corn, soybeans, and wheat. It works by inhibiting the growth of the weed's shoots and roots, which ultimately leads to their death. Dicamba is available in various forms, including liquids, powders, and granules, and can be applied using different methods such as spraying or spreading.

Dicamba is a type of chemical known as a benzoic acid, and it works by interfering with the plant's growth hormones. It is absorbed through the leaves and roots of the weed, and then moves throughout the plant to disrupt its normal growth processes. Dicamba is generally considered to be safe for use around animals and humans when used according to label instructions, but it can be harmful if ingested or if it comes into contact with the skin or eyes in large quantities.

It's important to note that dicamba has been the subject of controversy in recent years due to concerns about its potential to drift off target and damage nearby crops that are not resistant to it. As a result, there have been restrictions placed on the use of dicamba in some areas, and efforts are underway to develop new formulations of the herbicide that are less prone to drifting.

Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (PPO) is a mitochondrial enzyme that plays a crucial role in the heme biosynthesis pathway. It catalyzes the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to protporphyrin IX, which is the penultimate step in the production of heme. This enzyme is the target of certain herbicides, such as those containing the active ingredient diphenyl ether, and genetic deficiencies in PPO can lead to a rare genetic disorder called Protoporphyria.

Diuron is a pesticide and herbicide that is used to control weeds in various settings, such as agriculture, landscaping, and forestry. Its chemical name is 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. Diuron works by inhibiting photosynthesis in plants, which prevents them from growing and eventually kills them.

While diuron is effective at controlling weeds, it can also have harmful effects on non-target organisms, including aquatic life and pollinators. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential for diuron to contaminate water sources and pose risks to human health. As a result, its use is regulated in many countries, and there are restrictions on how it can be applied and disposed of.

It's worth noting that Diuron is not a medical term or a drug used for treating any medical condition in humans or animals.

Triazines are not a medical term, but a class of chemical compounds. They have a six-membered ring containing three nitrogen atoms and three carbon atoms. Some triazine derivatives are used in medicine as herbicides, antimicrobials, and antitumor agents.

"Lolium" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. It is actually the genus name for a group of plants that are more commonly known as ryegrasses. These plants belong to the family Poaceae and include several species that are widely used as pasture, hay, or lawn grasses.

While not directly related to human health, these plants can have indirect effects on health, particularly in agricultural settings. For example, certain ryegrass species can host a parasitic nematode called "Haemonchus contortus," which can infect and cause disease in livestock that graze on the grass.

However, without further context, it's challenging to provide a specific medical definition for "Lolium." If you have more information or if this term is being used in a specific medical context, please provide those details so I can give a more accurate response.

"Delftia acidovorans" is a species of gram-negative, motile, aerobic bacteria that is commonly found in various environments such as soil, water, and clinical settings. It is a rod-shaped bacterium that is known to be able to degrade a wide range of organic compounds, including aromatic hydrocarbons and other pollutants.

In clinical settings, "Delftia acidovorans" has been isolated from various types of human infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and bacteremia. However, it is considered to be a rare cause of infection, and its clinical significance is not well understood.

It's worth noting that the genus "Delftia" was previously classified as part of the genus "Comamonas," but was reclassified based on genetic and biochemical evidence. Therefore, some older literature may refer to this bacterium as "Comamonas acidovorans."

Toluidines are a group of organic compounds that consist of a benzene ring with two methyl groups and an amine group. They are derivatives of toluene, hence the name. There are three isomers of toluidines, depending on the position of the amino group: ortho-toluidine, meta-toluidine, and para-toluidine.

In a medical context, toluidines may be used as chemical reagents for diagnostic tests or in research. For example, they have been used in histology to stain tissues for microscopic examination. However, exposure to toluidines has been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, so appropriate safety precautions should be taken when handling these chemicals.

Defoliants are chemical agents that cause plants to shed their leaves. They are often used in agricultural practices to facilitate harvesting, prevent the spread of disease, or improve the appearance of crops. In some cases, defoliants may also be used as a military tactic to destroy enemy crops and vegetation, denying cover and sustenance to enemy forces. The most well-known example of this is Agent Orange, a herbicide used during the Vietnam War. Prolonged or excessive exposure to chemical defoliants can have harmful effects on human health, including skin irritation, damage to the respiratory system, and potential long-term consequences such as cancer and reproductive issues.

Chlorophenols are a group of chemical compounds that consist of a phenol ring substituted with one or more chlorine atoms. They are widely used as pesticides, disinfectants, and preservatives. Some common examples of chlorophenols include pentachlorophenol, trichlorophenol, and dichlorophenol.

Chlorophenols can be harmful to human health and the environment. They have been linked to a variety of adverse health effects, including skin and eye irritation, respiratory problems, damage to the liver and kidneys, and an increased risk of cancer. Exposure to chlorophenols can occur through contact with contaminated soil, water, or air, as well as through ingestion or absorption through the skin.

It is important to handle chlorophenols with care and to follow proper safety precautions when using them. If you are concerned about exposure to chlorophenols, it is recommended that you speak with a healthcare professional for further guidance.

Pesticides are substances or mixtures of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or repelling pests. Pests can be insects, rodents, fungi, weeds, or other organisms that can cause damage to crops, animals, or humans and their living conditions. The term "pesticide" includes all of the following: insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, bactericides, and various other substances used to control pests.

It is important to note that while pesticides are designed to be toxic to the target pests, they can also pose risks to non-target organisms, including humans, if not used properly. Therefore, it is essential to follow all label instructions and safety precautions when handling and applying pesticides.

Sulfonylurea compounds are a group of medications used in the management of type 2 diabetes. They work by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. These compounds bind to specific receptors on the beta cells of the pancreas, which triggers the release of insulin.

Examples of sulfonylurea compounds include glipizide, glyburide, and glimepiride. It's important to note that these medications can cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) if not properly monitored and dosed. They are often used in combination with other medications, such as metformin, to achieve optimal blood glucose control.

As with any medication, sulfonylurea compounds should be taken under the supervision of a healthcare provider, who can monitor their effectiveness and potential side effects.

Aminobutyrates are compounds that contain an amino group (-NH2) and a butyric acid group (-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH). The most common aminobutyrate is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GABA plays a crucial role in regulating brain excitability and is involved in various physiological processes, including sleep, memory, and anxiety regulation. Abnormalities in GABAergic neurotransmission have been implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy, anxiety disorders, and chronic pain. Other aminobutyrates may also have important biological functions, but their roles are less well understood than that of GABA.

I apologize for any confusion, but "agriculture" is not a term that has a medical definition. Agriculture refers to the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants, and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. It is an important industry and practice that has been developed over thousands of years and continues to play a critical role in global food production and security.

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is an enzyme that is involved in the catabolism of aromatic amino acids such as tyrosine. The gene for HPPD is located on human chromosome 12q24.11.

The HPPD enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate, which is then further metabolized in the catabolic pathway leading to fumarate and acetoacetate. Deficiencies in HPPD activity have been associated with certain genetic disorders such as tyrosinemia type III, which can result in neurological symptoms and developmental delays.

In addition to its role in normal metabolism, HPPD has also been identified as a target for herbicides that inhibit the enzyme's activity, leading to the accumulation of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and other toxic intermediates that can disrupt plant growth and development.

Methylurea compounds are organic substances that contain the functional group methylurea, which is formed by the reaction between methylamine and carbonyl diurea. These compounds have the general structure O=C(NH)NH-CO-N(CH3)NH2. They can be found in various chemical and pharmaceutical products, including as intermediates in the synthesis of certain drugs and polymers. Methylurea compounds are also used as herbicides and in the treatment of some medical conditions. However, exposure to high levels of methylurea or its derivatives can be harmful and may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.

Propanil is not a medical term, but a pesticide. It's a type of herbicide used to control weed growth in crops such as rice. Propanil works by inhibiting the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which is essential for the production of chlorophyll in plants. This leads to the death of the plant cells and ultimately the death of the weed.

However, it's important to note that exposure to propanil can have harmful effects on humans and other animals. It can cause skin and eye irritation, and prolonged or repeated exposure can lead to more serious health problems such as damage to the nervous system and internal organs. Therefore, it is essential to follow proper safety precautions when handling this chemical.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Phenyl Ethers" is not a recognized medical term. Phenyl ethers are a class of organic compounds consisting of an ether with a phenyl group as one of the components. They are widely used in industry and research, including as solvents, intermediates in chemical synthesis, and pharmaceuticals.

However, if you have any concerns about exposure to certain chemicals or their effects on health, it would be best to consult with a medical professional who can provide advice based on your specific situation and symptoms.

Agrochemicals are a broad range of chemical products used in agriculture to enhance crop production and protect plants from pests. They include fertilizers, which provide nutrients to plants, and pesticides, which include herbicides (weed killers), insecticides (insect killers), fungicides (fungus killers), and other substances used to control pests. Agrochemicals are used to improve crop yield, quality, and resistance to environmental stressors, but their use can also have negative impacts on the environment and human health if not managed properly.

Diquat is a herbicide that is used to control the growth of weeds and unwanted vegetation in various settings, such as agricultural land, aquatic environments, and industrial sites. It is a type of chemical known as a contact herbicide, which means that it kills plants on contact rather than being absorbed through the plant's roots and transported throughout its tissues.

Diquat works by disrupting the plant's ability to photosynthesize, or convert light energy into chemical energy. When applied to plant leaves, diquat causes the formation of free radicals, which are highly reactive molecules that can damage cell membranes and other cell structures. This leads to the death of the plant cells and ultimately the death of the entire plant.

Diquat is a fast-acting herbicide that is often used to control weeds in aquatic environments, such as ponds and lakes. It is also used in agriculture to desiccate crops before harvest, which can make them easier to harvest and reduce post-harvest losses. However, diquat can be harmful to non-target organisms, including fish, aquatic invertebrates, and beneficial insects, so it must be used carefully and in accordance with label instructions to minimize off-target impacts.

Like all pesticides, diquat is subject to regulation by government agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States. The EPA sets limits on the amount of diquat that can be applied to crops and other surfaces, and requires manufacturers to provide information about the potential risks and hazards associated with its use. It is important to follow all safety precautions and guidelines when using diquat or any other pesticide to protect yourself, others, and the environment.

Genetically modified plants (GMPs) are plants that have had their DNA altered through genetic engineering techniques to exhibit desired traits. These modifications can be made to enhance certain characteristics such as increased resistance to pests, improved tolerance to environmental stresses like drought or salinity, or enhanced nutritional content. The process often involves introducing genes from other organisms, such as bacteria or viruses, into the plant's genome. Examples of GMPs include Bt cotton, which has a gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis that makes it resistant to certain pests, and golden rice, which is engineered to contain higher levels of beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A. It's important to note that genetically modified plants are subject to rigorous testing and regulation to ensure their safety for human consumption and environmental impact before they are approved for commercial use.

Pesticide residues refer to the remaining pesticide chemicals, including their metabolites and degradation products, that are present in or on food commodities or environmental samples after a pesticide application has ended. These residues can result from agricultural use, such as spraying crops to control pests, or from non-agricultural uses, like treating buildings for termite control.

Regulatory agencies establish maximum residue limits (MRLs) to ensure that the levels of pesticide residues in food and feed are below those that may pose a risk to human health. Monitoring programs are in place to check compliance with these MRLs, and enforcement actions can be taken if violations occur.

It's important to note that not all pesticide residues are harmful, as some pesticides degrade into harmless compounds over time or leave behind residues below levels of concern for human health. However, long-term exposure to even low levels of certain pesticide residues may still pose a risk and should be avoided when possible.

Glycine is a simple amino acid that plays a crucial role in the body. According to the medical definition, glycine is an essential component for the synthesis of proteins, peptides, and other biologically important compounds. It is also involved in various metabolic processes, such as the production of creatine, which supports muscle function, and the regulation of neurotransmitters, affecting nerve impulse transmission and brain function. Glycine can be found as a free form in the body and is also present in many dietary proteins.

"Agricultural Workers' Diseases" is a term used to describe a variety of health conditions and illnesses that are associated with agricultural work. These can include both acute and chronic conditions, and can be caused by a range of factors including exposure to chemicals, dusts, allergens, physical injuries, and biological agents such as bacteria and viruses.

Some common examples of Agricultural Workers' Diseases include:

1. Pesticide poisoning: This can occur when agricultural workers are exposed to high levels of pesticides or other chemicals used in farming. Symptoms can range from mild skin irritation to severe neurological damage, depending on the type and amount of chemical exposure.
2. Respiratory diseases: Agricultural workers can be exposed to a variety of dusts and allergens that can cause respiratory problems such as asthma, bronchitis, and farmer's lung. These conditions are often caused by prolonged exposure to moldy hay, grain dust, or other organic materials.
3. Musculoskeletal injuries: Agricultural workers are at risk of developing musculoskeletal injuries due to the physical demands of their job. This can include back pain, repetitive strain injuries, and sprains and strains from lifting heavy objects.
4. Zoonotic diseases: Agricultural workers who come into contact with animals are at risk of contracting zoonotic diseases, which are illnesses that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Examples include Q fever, brucellosis, and leptospirosis.
5. Heat-related illnesses: Agricultural workers who work outside in hot weather are at risk of heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

Prevention of Agricultural Workers' Diseases involves a combination of engineering controls, personal protective equipment, and training to help workers understand the risks associated with their job and how to minimize exposure to hazards.

Heterocyclic compounds are organic molecules that contain a ring structure made up of at least one atom that is not carbon, known as a heteroatom. These heteroatoms can include nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or other elements. In the case of "2-ring" heterocyclic compounds, the molecule contains two separate ring structures, each of which includes at least one heteroatom.

The term "heterocyclic compound" is used to describe a broad class of organic molecules that are found in many natural and synthetic substances. They play important roles in biology, medicine, and materials science. Heterocyclic compounds can be classified based on the number of rings they contain, as well as the types and arrangements of heteroatoms within those rings.

Two-ring heterocyclic compounds can exhibit a wide range of chemical and physical properties, depending on the nature of the rings and the heteroatoms present. Some examples of two-ring heterocyclic compounds include quinoline, isoquinoline, benzothiazole, and benzoxazole, among many others. These compounds have important applications in pharmaceuticals, dyes, pigments, and other industrial products.

Agricultural crops refer to plants that are grown and harvested for the purpose of human or animal consumption, fiber production, or other uses such as biofuels. These crops can include grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and legumes, among others. They are typically cultivated using various farming practices, including traditional row cropping, companion planting, permaculture, and organic farming methods. The choice of crop and farming method depends on factors such as the local climate, soil conditions, and market demand. Proper management of agricultural crops is essential for ensuring food security, promoting sustainable agriculture, and protecting the environment.

Chemical water pollutants refer to harmful chemicals or substances that contaminate bodies of water, making them unsafe for human use and harmful to aquatic life. These pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural runoff, sewage and wastewater, oil spills, and improper disposal of hazardous materials.

Examples of chemical water pollutants include heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, and cadmium), pesticides and herbicides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and petroleum products. These chemicals can have toxic effects on aquatic organisms, disrupt ecosystems, and pose risks to human health through exposure or consumption.

Regulations and standards are in place to monitor and limit the levels of chemical pollutants in water sources, with the aim of protecting public health and the environment.

Industrial fungicides are antimicrobial agents used to prevent, destroy, or inhibit the growth of fungi and their spores in industrial settings. These can include uses in manufacturing processes, packaging materials, textiles, paints, and other industrial products. They work by interfering with the cellular structure or metabolic processes of fungi, thereby preventing their growth or reproduction. Examples of industrial fungicides include:

* Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
* Formaldehyde
* Glutaraldehyde
* Quaternary ammonium compounds
* Peracetic acid
* Chlorhexidine
* Iodophors

It's important to note that some of these fungicides can be harmful or toxic to humans and other organisms, so they must be used with caution and in accordance with safety guidelines.

Environmental biodegradation is the breakdown of materials, especially man-made substances such as plastics and industrial chemicals, by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi in order to use them as a source of energy or nutrients. This process occurs naturally in the environment and helps to break down organic matter into simpler compounds that can be more easily absorbed and assimilated by living organisms.

Biodegradation in the environment is influenced by various factors, including the chemical composition of the substance being degraded, the environmental conditions (such as temperature, moisture, and pH), and the type and abundance of microorganisms present. Some substances are more easily biodegraded than others, and some may even be resistant to biodegradation altogether.

Biodegradation is an important process for maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, as it helps to prevent the accumulation of harmful substances in the environment. However, some man-made substances, such as certain types of plastics and industrial chemicals, may persist in the environment for long periods of time due to their resistance to biodegradation, leading to negative impacts on wildlife and ecosystems.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing biodegradable materials that can break down more easily in the environment as a way to reduce waste and minimize environmental harm. These efforts have led to the development of various biodegradable plastics, coatings, and other materials that are designed to degrade under specific environmental conditions.

Glycolates are a type of chemical compound that contain the group COOCH2, which is derived from glycolic acid. In a medical context, glycolates are often used in dental and medical materials as they can be biodegradable and biocompatible. For example, they may be used in controlled-release drug delivery systems or in bone cement. However, it's important to note that some glycolate compounds can also be toxic if ingested or otherwise introduced into the body in large amounts.

Cyclohexanones are organic compounds that consist of a cyclohexane ring (a six-carbon saturated ring) with a ketone functional group (-CO-) attached to it. The general structure is C6H11CO. They can be found in various natural sources, including essential oils and certain plants, but many cyclohexanones are also synthesized for use in the chemical industry.

Cyclohexanones are important intermediates in the production of various chemicals, such as nylon and other synthetic fibers, resins, and perfumes. One of the most common cyclohexanones is cyclohexanone itself, which is a colorless liquid with an odor reminiscent of peppermint or acetone. It is used in the production of adipic acid, a precursor to nylon.

Like other ketones, cyclohexanones can undergo various chemical reactions, such as reduction, oxidation, and condensation. However, due to the cyclic structure of cyclohexanones, they also exhibit unique reactivity patterns that are exploited in organic synthesis.

'Amaranthus' is the scientific name for a genus of plants that includes around 60-75 species, many of which are commonly known as amaranths. These plants belong to the family Amaranthaceae and are native to both temperate and tropical regions around the world. Some amaranth species are grown for their edible leaves and seeds, while others are cultivated as ornamental plants due to their attractive foliage and flowers.

The term 'Amaranthus' does not have a specific medical definition, but some amaranth species do have various health benefits and uses. For instance, the seeds of certain amaranth species are rich in protein, fiber, and essential minerals like iron, magnesium, and manganese. They also contain a good amount of lysine, an essential amino acid that is often lacking in cereal grains. As a result, amaranth seeds have been used as a nutritious food source in many cultures throughout history.

Additionally, some research suggests that certain amaranth extracts may possess medicinal properties. For example, a study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology found that an ethanolic extract of Amaranthus retroflexus (a common weed known as redroot pigweed) exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential health benefits and determine the safety and efficacy of amaranth-based treatments.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "soil pollutants" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Soil pollution refers to the presence or accumulation of hazardous substances, chemicals, or other pollutants in soil that can have negative effects on plant life, human health, and the environment.

However, if you're asking about potential health effects of exposure to soil pollutants, it could include a variety of symptoms or diseases, depending on the specific pollutant. For example, exposure to lead-contaminated soil can lead to developmental delays in children, while exposure to certain pesticides or industrial chemicals can cause neurological problems, respiratory issues, and even cancer.

If you have more specific information about a particular substance or context, I may be able to provide a more precise answer.

Acetamides are organic compounds that contain an acetamide functional group, which is a combination of an acetyl group (-COCH3) and an amide functional group (-CONH2). The general structure of an acetamide is R-CO-NH-CH3, where R represents the rest of the molecule.

Acetamides are found in various medications, including some pain relievers, muscle relaxants, and anticonvulsants. They can also be found in certain industrial chemicals and are used as intermediates in the synthesis of other organic compounds.

It is important to note that exposure to high levels of acetamides can be harmful and may cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Chronic exposure has been linked to more serious health effects, including liver and kidney damage. Therefore, handling and use of acetamides should be done with appropriate safety precautions.

Drug resistance, also known as antimicrobial resistance, is the ability of a microorganism (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites) to withstand the effects of a drug that was originally designed to inhibit or kill it. This occurs when the microorganism undergoes genetic changes that allow it to survive in the presence of the drug. As a result, the drug becomes less effective or even completely ineffective at treating infections caused by these resistant organisms.

Drug resistance can develop through various mechanisms, including mutations in the genes responsible for producing the target protein of the drug, alteration of the drug's target site, modification or destruction of the drug by enzymes produced by the microorganism, and active efflux of the drug from the cell.

The emergence and spread of drug-resistant microorganisms pose significant challenges in medical treatment, as they can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents, as well as poor infection control practices, contribute to the development and dissemination of drug-resistant strains. To address this issue, it is crucial to promote prudent use of antimicrobials, enhance surveillance and monitoring of resistance patterns, invest in research and development of new antimicrobial agents, and strengthen infection prevention and control measures.

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCA) is a biotin-dependent enzyme that plays a crucial role in fatty acid synthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, which is the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. The reaction catalyzed by ACCA is as follows:

acetyl-CoA + HCO3- + ATP + 2H+ --> malonyl-CoA + CoA + ADP + Pi + 2H2O

ACCA exists in two isoforms, a cytosolic form (ACC1) and a mitochondrial form (ACC2). ACC1 is primarily involved in fatty acid synthesis, while ACC2 is responsible for the regulation of fatty acid oxidation. The activity of ACCA is regulated by several factors, including phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, allosteric regulation, and transcriptional regulation. Dysregulation of ACCA has been implicated in various metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Alismatidae is a subclass of monocotyledonous aquatic and semi-aquatic flowering plants, also known as the water plantains. This group includes several families of plants that are typically found in wetlands, marshes, and along the edges of bodies of water. The plants in this group have adapted to their aquatic environments with specialized structures such as floating leaves and air-filled tissues that help them float on the water's surface. Some examples of plants in Alismatidae include waterlilies, pondweeds, and cattails.

Oxidoreductases acting on CH-CH group donors are a class of enzymes within the larger group of oxidoreductases, which are responsible for catalyzing oxidation-reduction reactions. Specifically, this subclass of enzymes acts upon donors containing a carbon-carbon (CH-CH) bond, where one atom or group of atoms is oxidized and another is reduced during the reaction process. These enzymes play crucial roles in various metabolic pathways, including the breakdown and synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids.

The reactions catalyzed by these enzymes involve the transfer of electrons and hydrogen atoms between the donor and an acceptor molecule. This process often results in the formation or cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds, making them essential for numerous biological processes. The systematic name for this class of enzymes is typically structured as "donor:acceptor oxidoreductase," where donor and acceptor represent the molecules involved in the electron transfer process.

Examples of enzymes that fall under this category include:

1. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.3): These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, using NAD+ as an electron acceptor.
2. Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.14): This enzyme is responsible for the oxidation of dihydrodiols to catechols in the biodegradation of aromatic compounds.
3. Succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.5.1): A key enzyme in the citric acid cycle, succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate and reduces FAD to FADH2.
4. Xylose reductase (EC 1.1.1.307): This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of pentoses, where it reduces xylose to xylitol using NADPH as a cofactor.

"Herbicide Tests and Storage in the U.S." Department of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved 16 June 2010. "Herbicide Tests and Storage ... Herbicide persistence studies of Agent Orange and Agent White were conducted in the Philippines. The Philippine herbicide test ... Success with Project AGILE field tests in 1961 with herbicides in South Vietnam was inspired by the British use of herbicides ... "Rainbow Herbicides" and many other chemical defoliants and herbicides in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, Korea, India, ...
The industry-sponsored Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) advises on the use of herbicides in crop protection and ... This is a list of herbicides. These are chemical compounds which have been registered as herbicides. The names on the list are ... "Three Herbicide Site of Action Classification Systems". Retrieved 2023-08-15. Weed Science Society of America. "Herbicide Mode ... "A to Z List of Herbicides". University of Hertfordshire. 2023-08-08. Retrieved 2023-08-13. "Overview". Herbicides Resistance ...
... were initially used in a similar way to paraquat and diquat, as non-selective herbicides. Attempts ... In 2016, the 9th Circuit rejected the EPA's petition to vacate its approval of the herbicide. Since some glyphosate herbicide ... Forest visitors and nearby residents could be exposed to herbicide drift, vegetation with herbicide residues, and to accidental ... The glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup was first developed by Monsanto in the 1970s. It is used most heavily on corn, soy, and ...
The herbicides kill weeds as they grow through the herbicide-treated zone. Volatile herbicides have to be incorporated into the ... Preplant: Preplant herbicides are nonselective herbicides applied to the soil before planting. Some preplant herbicides may be ... Herbicides and defoliants were also sprayed from Royal Air Force (RAF) aircraft. The use of herbicides as a chemical weapon by ... Herbicides are often classified according to their site of action because as a general rule, herbicides within the same site of ...
Phenoxy herbicides (or "phenoxies") are two families of chemicals that have been developed as commercially important herbicides ... The use of herbicides in US agriculture is mapped by the US Geological Survey. As of 2019[update], 2,4-D was the most used of ... All the auxin herbicides retain activity when applied as salts and esters since these are also capable of producing the parent ... IAA MCPA 2,4-D 2,4,5-T Introduced in 1946, these herbicides were in widespread use in agriculture by the middle of the 1950s. ...
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the United States. As of 2009, sales of Roundup herbicides still represented ... Surfactants are used in herbicide formulations as wetting agents, to maximize coverage and aid penetration of the herbicide(s) ... "Top-selling herbicide not close to withering". Wall Street Journal. January 8, 1996. Archived from the original on August 13, ... End-users initially deployed it in a similar way to paraquat and diquat - as a non-selective herbicide. Application of ...
Chlorophenoxy herbicides are a subclass of phenoxy herbicides which includes: MCPA, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T and mecoprop. Large amounts ... Health effects of pesticides Roberts DM, Buckley NA (2007). "Urinary alkalinisation for acute chlorophenoxy herbicide poisoning ... "Occupational Exposures to Chlorophenoxy Herbicides (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 41, 1986)". Bradberry SM, Proudfoot AT, ... Vale JA (2004). "Poisoning due to chlorophenoxy herbicides". Toxicol Rev. 23 (2): 65-73. doi:10.2165/00139709-200423020-00001. ...
... s are chemical compounds used in combination with herbicides to make them "safer" - that is, to reduce the ... weed species being targeted by the herbicide. Herbicide safeners can be used to pretreat crop seeds prior to planting, or they ... Davies, Joanna (2001). "Herbicide safeners - commercial products and tools for agrochemical research". Pesticide Outlook. 12: ... Abu-Qare, AW; Duncan, HJ (2002). "Herbicide safeners: Uses, limitations, metabolism, and mechanisms of action". Chemosphere. 48 ...
Pre-emergent' herbicides are laid down more than once in the spring (mixed in with the fertilizer) to sabotage the germination ... Preemergent herbicides are applied to lawns in the spring and autumn, to prevent the establishment of weed seeds. They will not ... Preemergent herbicides are a form of chemical weed control which prevent germinated weed seedlings from becoming established. ... If applied when preemergent herbicide is needed, the fertilizer may burn or stress the lawn. If applied after the lawn "green- ...
Goodhue's other patents involved insect, bird and animal repellents; herbicides; nematocides; insecticides and other pesticides ...
Many states do not regard this as a complete ban on the use of herbicides in warfare, such as Agent Orange, but it does require ... Herbicides". International Committee of the Red Cross. 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2013. The United Nations Office at Geneva. ...
Herbicides • Hydrocarbons • Perchlorate • Pesticides • Persistent organic pollutant • PBBs • PBDEs • Toxic heavy metals • PCB ...
... is a chemical herbicide and defoliant, one of the tactical use Rainbow Herbicides. It was used by the U.S. ... Many U.S. officials supported herbicide operations, pointing out that the British had already used herbicides and defoliants in ... "History of the Controversy Over the Use of Herbicides". Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam ... the codename for the United States Air Force's herbicide program in Vietnam. The herbicide operations were formally directed by ...
Many states do not regard this as a complete ban on the use of herbicides in warfare, but it does require case-by-case ... Herbicides". International Committee of the Red Cross. 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2013. "Practice Relating to Rule 75. Riot ... and defoliants and herbicides, such as Agent Orange, in warfare. The 1977 Environmental Modification Convention prohibits the ...
7 March 2013). Herbizide [Herbicides]. Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel [Chemistry of Plant ...
"Urea herbicides". alanwood.net. Retrieved 2021-03-26. Metz, J; Pakrasi, H; Seibert, M; Arntzer, C (1986). "Evidence for a dual ... In 1952, chemists at E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company patented a series of aryl urea derivatives as herbicides. Several ... DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is an algicide and herbicide of the arylurea class that inhibits photosynthesis ... Liu, Jing (2010). "Phenylurea Herbicides". Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. pp. 1725-1731. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-374367 ...
The herbicide is also registered for use in the European Union under EC Regulation 1107/2009. The LD50 of fluazifop-P butyl is ... "Herbicides Resistance Action Committee website". Rao, V.S. (2017-06-29). Principles of Weed Science. CRC Press. p. 555. ISBN ... Fluazifop is the common name used by the ISO for an organic compound that is used as a selective herbicide. The active ... In the 1970s, a number of agrochemical companies were working to develop new herbicides to be complementary to the auxin ...
In the UK, following the withdrawal of linuron in 2017, aclonifen began to be used as a pre-emergence herbicide in potatoes. ... Aclonifen is a diphenyl ether herbicide which has been used in agriculture since the 1980s. Its mode of action has been ... The nitrophenyl ethers are a well-known class of herbicides, the oldest member of which was nitrofen, invented by Rohm & Haas ... The detailed mechanism of action for nitro diphenyl ether herbicides such as acifluorfen was unknown at the time they were ...
"Urea herbicides". alanwood.net. Retrieved 2021-03-26. Oettmeier W (1992). "Herbicides of photosystem II". The Photosystems. pp ... Inhibitors of PSII are used as herbicides. There are two main chemical families, the triazines derived from cyanuric chloride ...
In 1952, chemists at E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company patented a series of aryl urea derivatives as herbicides. Several ... Oettmeier, Walter (1992). "Herbicides of photosystem II". The Photosystems. pp. 349-408. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-89440-3.50018-7 ... Aryl-NH2 + COCl2 → Aryl-NCO Aryl-NCO + NH(CH3)2 → Aryl-NHCON(CH3)2 The phenylurea class of herbicides including chlortoluron ... It is now mainly used in mixture with other herbicides including diflufenican and pendimethalin. It can be used to control ...
"Sulfentrazone 4 Herbicide" (PDF). www3.epa.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-19. Dayan, F.; Weete, J.; Duke, S.; Hancock, H. (1997). " ... Sulfentrazone is the ISO common name for an organic compound used as a broad-spectrum herbicide. It acts by inhibiting the ... "Sulfentrazone ROW herbicide" (PDF). US EPA label. 2020-04-17. Retrieved 2021-04-19. NPIRS Public. "Search Federal Pesticide ... The active ingredient has been sold alone or in combination with other herbicides under a large number of brand names including ...
The nitrophenyl ethers are a well-known class of herbicides, the oldest member of which was nitrofen, invented by Rohm & Haas ... Fomesafen is the ISO common name for an organic compound used as an herbicide. It acts by inhibiting the enzyme ... nitro-diphenyliques herbicides et leur application a la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes", issued 1973-09-13, assigned to Rohm ... Peroxidizing Herbicides. pp. 141-161. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_5. ISBN 978-3-642-63674-5. Nagano, Eiki (1999). "Herbicidal ...
... is a widely used herbicide belonging to the chloroacetamide class (group 15). Group 15 herbicides inhibit ... The herbicide was found to undergo anaerobic microbial degradation under denitrifying, iron-reducing, sulfate-reducing, or ... In that study, more than half of the herbicide carbon (based on 14C-labeling) added was found to be incorporated irreversibly ... "Dissipation of the herbicide (14C) Dimethenamid under anaerobic aquatic conditions in flooded soil microcosms". J. Agric. Food ...
Inhibition of this enzyme is a strategy used in certain herbicides. The PPOX gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome ... Inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase is a mechanism of action for several commercial herbicides including the nitrophenyl ... ISBN 978-3-642-63674-5. Dayan FE, Duke SO (2010). "Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicides". Hayes' Handbook of ... Peroxidizing Herbicides. pp. 141-161. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_5. ISBN 978-3-642-63674-5. Nagano E (1999). "Herbicidal ...
The nitrophenyl ethers are a well-known class of herbicides, the oldest member of which was nitrofen, invented by Rohm & Haas ... Bifenox is the ISO common name for an organic compound used as an herbicide. It acts by inhibiting the enzyme ... Nagano, Eiki (1999). "Herbicidal Efficacy of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors". Peroxidizing Herbicides. pp. 293-302. doi: ... Peroxidizing Herbicides. pp. 141-161. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_5. ISBN 978-3-642-63674-5. "Bifenox: Uses". pubchem.ncbi. ...
The nitrophenyl ethers are a well-known class of herbicides, the oldest member of which was nitrofen, invented by Rohm & Haas ... Acifluorfen is the ISO common name for an organic compound used as an herbicide. It acts by inhibiting the enzyme ... The detailed mechanism of action for nitrofen, acifluorfen and related diphenyl ether herbicides such as fomesafen was unknown ... Lactofen, an ester derivative also used as an herbicide. Pesticide Properties Database. "Acifluorfen". University of ...
Herbicides in War. The Long Term Ecological and Human Consequences. London: Taylor and Francis; 1984. Schecter AJ, Tong HY, ... 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (also known as 2,4,5-T), a synthetic auxin, is a chlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide used to ... Intentional overdoses and unintentional high dose occupational exposures to chlorophenoxy acid herbicides have resulted in ... of this herbicide. In Canada, the use and sale of 2,4,5-T was prohibited after 1985. The international trade of 2,4,5-T is ...
However, the auxin herbicides including ICI's MCPA were more selective and hence this use of diquat was unattractive. Instead, ... Diquat is an unusual herbicide because it is often not used for weed control but is instead applied directly on mature crops. ... When used as a conventional herbicide for weed control, diquat must be applied after the weeds have emerged since it is only ... Mixing of diquat with other herbicides is also feasible. The estimated annual use of diquat in US agriculture is mapped by the ...
... is used as a herbicide to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. It belongs to the group of triazine herbicides ... Triazine herbicides like cyanazine are extremely toxic to certain types of plants. This is why they are so effective in killing ... Cyanazine is a herbicide that belongs to the group of triazines. Cyanazine inhibits photosynthesis and is therefore used as a ... Among four different herbicide groups, cyanazine degrades the fastest in soil. Cyanazine is a chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is ...
Composition of herbicides. Raising the pH of injected fluids for oil extraction. Borate Ssu-Mien Fang (1938): "The Crystal ...
"Herbicide Tests and Storage in the U.S." Department of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved 16 June 2010. "Herbicide Tests and Storage ... Herbicide persistence studies of Agent Orange and Agent White were conducted in the Philippines. The Philippine herbicide test ... Success with Project AGILE field tests in 1961 with herbicides in South Vietnam was inspired by the British use of herbicides ... "Rainbow Herbicides" and many other chemical defoliants and herbicides in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, Korea, India, ...
Videos discussing the herbicide how-to by Clemson Extension Forestry and Wildlife Agents. ... Please enjoy our How-to Herbicide videos below and let us know if you have any questions. Visit the Meet the Team page to find ...
Latest evidence confirms worlds top-selling herbicide used with GM crops is toxic and disrupts sex hormones at infinitesimal ... Synergistic nonlinear effects of herbicide formulations Glyphosate-based herbicides are now major pollutants of rivers and ... Latest evidence confirms worlds top-selling herbicide used with GM crops is toxic and disrupts sex hormones at infinitesimal ... Glyphosate herbicide could cause birth defects. Science in Society 43. *Ho MW. GM is dangerous and futile, we need sustainable ...
Science News was founded in 1921 as an independent, nonprofit source of accurate information on the latest news of science, medicine and technology. Today, our mission remains the same: to empower people to evaluate the news and the world around them. It is published by the Society for Science, a nonprofit 501(c)(3) membership organization dedicated to public engagement in scientific research and education (EIN 53-0196483).. ...
Catch The Buzz, Health, Herbicides, Science. February 5, 2014. Weed Diversity Problems Herbicides may not be sole cause of ... Research surprise unveils how common herbicide kills bees Marc Heller, E&E News Reporter A buff-tailed bumblebee forages on a ... Agriculture, Catch The Buzz, Health, Herbicides, Pollination, Pollinators, Science. July 26, 2021. ... Catch The Buzz, Government, Health, Herbicides, Life, Research, Science. April 20, 2021. ...
... - published on openPR.com ... 1.4 Global Bio-Herbicides Overall Market. 1.4.1 Global Bio-Herbicides Revenue (2014-2025). 1.4.2 Global Bio-Herbicides ... 1 Industry Overview of Bio-Herbicides. 1.1 Definition of Bio-Herbicides. 1.2 Bio-Herbicides Segment by Type. 1.2.1 Global Bio- ... Bio-Herbicides Segment by Regions. North America. Europe. China. Japan. Southeast Asia. India. Bio-Herbicides Segment by Type. ...
GMOs, Herbicides, and Public Health Home. /Latest News. /GMOs, Herbicides, and Public Health ... But widespread adoption of herbicide-resistant crops has led to overreliance on herbicides and, in particular, on glyphosate.5 ... a new combination herbicide comprising glyphosate plus 2,4-D. Enlist Duo was formulated to combat herbicide resistance. It will ... Perspectives on transgenic, herbicide-resistant crops in the United States almost 20 years after introduction. Pest Manag Sci ...
Contact Herbicide. A contact herbicide is a chemical that kills only the portion of the plant it is applied to. Herbicides of ... Broad-leaf Herbicide. A broad-leaf herbicide is an herbicide that will kill most broad leaf plants but will generally not kill ... Systemic Herbicide. A systemic herbicide is an herbicide that when applied to the leaves or other portions of a plant is ... Broad-spectrum (or non-selective) Herbicide. A broad-spectrum herbicide is an herbicide that contains an active ingredient that ...
Herbicides contain powerful chemicals and can cause significant benefit or harm in a garden, depending on how theyre used. ... Cons of Using Herbicides. Toxicity. Herbicides vary in toxicity from mildly toxic to highly poisonous. Even organic herbicides ... No "one-size-fits-all" herbicide exists, and choosing the right herbicide requires research. Different herbicides are used to ... Herbicides For Corn. Herbicides used before planting can treat weeds already grown as well as prevent new weeds from sprouting ...
4. Mixtures comprising herbicides of type (i) and various other herbicides including (II) which are complementary in terms of ... 10.2 Although compounds (Ia) and (Ib) are already known as herbicides from (3) (see for example Claims 8 and 9 on pages 42 to ... 5. The problem the invention sets out to solve, however, is to reduce the quantities of herbicide used, for economic and ... 10.1 Type (i) compounds other than (Ia) and (Ib) are disclosed as herbicides in (1); also described are mixtures of these ...
Pyrethroids, Herbicides, & OP Metabolites - Urine (UPHOPM_F) Data File: UPHOPM_F.xpt First Published: July 2014. Last Revised: ... Of the two herbicides measured in urine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T ... Measures of urinary Pyrethroids, Herbicides, and OP Metabolites were measured in a one third subsample of persons 6 years and ...
More broadly, anti-herbicide groups such as Stop the Spray BC worry that herbicide use will result in reduced plant diversity, ... One is herbicide spraying. Cutblocks in Prince George have been doused with herbicides like glyphosate, a possible human ... Herbicide Spraying Divides BC Communities. The BC timber industry says it needs to eradicate pest plants. Opponents say they ... 4, 2022 at 2:05 p.m. to correct the frequency of herbicide spraying. ...
Heap, I. The International Herbicide-Resistant Weed Database. Online. Saturday, December 2, 2023 . Available www.weedscience. ...
Looking for the best Herbicides? Check out our comprehensive guide with the 10 best options available. ... Gly Star Plus Herbicide (2.5 Gallons)- by Agri Star, Glyphosate Concentrate Herbicide with Surfactant Albaugh, LLC 163 ratings ... Southern Ag Crossbow Specialty Herbicide Low Volatile Weed & Brush Herbicide, 128oz - Gallon Southern AG 692 ratings ... Southern Ag Crossbow Specialty Herbicide Low Volatile Weed & Brush Herbicide, 32oz -Quart Southern Ag 2807 ratings ...
When the bacteria are exposed to the herbicides and the antibiotics at the same time, the exposure to the herbicides trigger a ... Common Herbicides Linked to Antibiotic Resistance. by Gary Kopycinski on March 30, 2015. ... The new mBio study finds that when bacteria, specifically Salmonella and E. coli, are exposed to the herbicides described above ... This provided researchers with the opportunity to observe how the bacteria reacted when exposed to the herbicides at sublethal ...
... pollen and water are often contaminated with herbicide and surfactant residues due to the spraying of herbicide on flowering ... Hawaii Laws Regarding Herbicide Use. All you have to do is drive around Hawaii island and you can see the effects of herbicide ... pollen and water are often contaminated with herbicide and surfactant residues due to the spraying of herbicide on flowering ... We need to ban the use of herbicide in Hawaii. We need to put a stop to the continual pollution, desecration, and death that is ...
Professional and domestic Weed Killers and Herbicides for turf, bracken, Japanese knotweed, ragwort, algae, etc. For use on ...
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Agriculture group fights EPA on losing access to controversial herbicide. Government agency contends herbicide ingredient poses ...
Herbicides - Mechanisms and Mode of Action. Edited by: Mohammed Naguib Abd El-Ghany Hasaneen. ISBN 978-953-307-744-4, PDF ISBN ... use of herbicides in biotech culture, gene flow, herbicides and risk, herbicides persistence. These recurring themes reinforce ... Herbicides Persistence in Rice Paddy Water in Southern Brazil By Renato Zanella, Martha B. Adaime, Sandra C. Peixoto, Caroline ... 9. Herbicides and the Risk of Neurodegenerative Disease By Krithika Muthukumaran, Alyson J. Laframboise and Siyaram Pandey ...
Herbicide Stewardship *Herbicide-resistant Weeds Training Lessons *Current Status of Herbicide Resistance in Weeds ... Herbicide-resistant Weeds Training Lessons Detailed herbicide resistance educational lessons provided by a team of weed ... Take Action Against Herbicide-Resistant Weeds The United Soybean Board, in concert with the Weed Science Society of America, ... Herbicides, for example, must be applied and stored in full compliance with all label requirements to protect:. *the crops that ...
... ... and Herbicides in Wheat-Fallow Rotations," Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 86(1), 22-35, (1 January 2013) Include: ... herbicides, or domestic sheep (Ovis aries) grazing. Eleven hymenopteran families classified as parasitoids were captured in ... as opposed to tillage and herbicide systems. Family diversity, as indexed by Simpsons D, did not differ between fallow ...
herbicide. * Kitchen Gardening How to Avoid Herbicide Carryover Do you use straw, grass clippings or animal manure in your ... vegetable garden? If so, you need to take steps to keep herbicide contamination from harming your plants. ...
This Bayer herbicide delivers rapid burndown to take out early weeds, long-lasting residual to prevent new weeds and ... preemergence corn herbicide is the only herbicide to offer three levels of defense ‒ burndown, residual and reactivation - for ... Corvus® Herbicide Corvus® Herbicide Herbicides Corvus® preemergence corn herbicide is the only herbicide to offer three levels ... This Bayer herbicide delivers rapid burndown to take out early weeds, long-lasting residual to prevent new weeds and ...
... aquatic herbicide 53.8% glyphosate, a broad spectrum post-emergent weed killer, farmworks aquatic herbicide can clear your pond ... Farm general, gallon, aquatic herbicide 53.8% glyphosate, a broad spectrum post-emergent weed killer, farmworks aquatic ... herbicide can clear your pond of cattails, alligator weed, beachgrass, giant reeds, & several invasive plants that cant wait ...
Information on herbicide tests and storage outside Vietnam and VA benefits ... Herbicide Tests and Storage Outside Vietnam. Agent Orange and other herbicides used in Vietnam were tested or stored elsewhere ... Outside the U.S. - Herbicide tests and storage. View all as PDF: Herbicide Tests and Storage Outside of Vietnam (DoD List) (224 ... The Department of Defense (DoD) gave VA a list of dates and locations of herbicide tests and storage. View dates and locations: ...
Global Herbicides Market By Mode of action (Selective, non- selective), By Type (Diquat, Glyphosate, 2,4-D), By Crop type ( ... The Global Herbicides Market was valued at USD ... The Herbicides market is growing at a rapid rate due to the ... The Global Herbicides Market was valued at USD 27.60 billion in 2016 and is projected to reach USD 46.15 billion by 2025, ... Global Herbicides Market. By Mode of action (Selective, non- selective), By Type (Diquat, Glyphosate, 2,4-D), By Crop type ( ...
... Soybean Pest Beat: Put together a ... A Group 15 herbicide such as S-metolachlor, like Dual, or pyroxsulfone, like Zidua, can help on waterhemp. Fields with giant ... Residual herbicides have limited impact. Rely on postemergence products to control giant ragweed. Since most populations of ... For giant ragweed, the hope is to get a little activity from Group 2 herbicides, and then rely on timely in-season applications ...
and suburban Philadelphia-based chemical producer Nouryon alleging that the herbicide caused the plaintiffs to develop cancer. ... and suburban Philadelphia-based chemical producer Nouryon alleging that the herbicide caused the plaintiffs to develop cancer. ...
  • Glyphosate is the world's top selling herbicide, and Monsanto's formulations Roundup is used with more than 80 percent of all genetically modified (GM) crops grown globally. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Glyphosate-based herbicides are now major pollutants of rivers and surface waters. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Also, the evolution of stringent regulatory norms against the use of synthetic chemicals and the phasing out of certain active ingredients, such as glyphosate, in many countries are further accelerating the market for Bio-Herbicides. (openpr.com)
  • Second, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified glyphosate, the herbicide most widely used on GM crops, as a "probable human carcinogen" 1 and classified a second herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), as a "possible human carcinogen. (cornucopia.org)
  • But widespread adoption of herbicide-resistant crops has led to overreliance on herbicides and, in particular, on glyphosate. (cornucopia.org)
  • The first of the two developments that raise fresh concerns about the safety of GM crops is a 2014 decision by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to approve Enlist Duo, a new combination herbicide comprising glyphosate plus 2,4-D. Enlist Duo was formulated to combat herbicide resistance. (cornucopia.org)
  • It will be marketed in tandem with newly approved seeds genetically engineered to resist glyphosate, 2,4-D, and multiple other herbicides. (cornucopia.org)
  • Glyphosate is a common active ingredient in broad-spectrum herbicides frequently used for invasive plant control. (massaudubon.org)
  • Cutblocks in Prince George have been doused with herbicides like glyphosate, a possible human carcinogen , by provincial government agencies like BC Timber Sales and lumber companies for several years to kill off berries, herbaceous plants and broadleaf trees like aspen. (thetyee.ca)
  • In B.C., approximately 17,000 hectares of forested land have been sprayed per year with herbicides, primarily glyphosate-based herbicides. (thetyee.ca)
  • Farm general, gallon, aquatic herbicide 53.8% glyphosate, a broad spectrum post-emergent weed killer, farmworks aquatic herbicide can clear your pond of cattails, alligator weed, beachgrass, giant reeds, & several invasive plants that can't wait to take over your water, eliminates targeted weeds down to the root while leaving soil & wildlife unharmed. (truevalue.com)
  • Use glyphosate preemergence or as burndown, along with a growth regulator herbicide that fits your traits. (farmprogress.com)
  • XtendFlex is tolerant to glyphosate, glufosinate and labeled dicamba herbicides. (farmprogress.com)
  • This finding was unexpected because glyphosate is a nonselective herbicide that harms grasses and herbs alike and thus has a higher potential to negatively affect desired native plants," Wagner said. (scienceblog.com)
  • Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Monsanto Co's Roundup, the most widely used herbicide in the world. (activistpost.com)
  • Who should the consumer trust when it comes to widely used herbicides like glyphosate? (activistpost.com)
  • The study focused on metabolite concentrations of widely used herbicides - glyphosate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) - and the insect repellent DEET in adolescents. (earth.com)
  • Notably, glyphosate , a nonselective herbicide integral to numerous crops and residential vegetation control, was found in 98 percent of the participants. (earth.com)
  • Further, the developed sensor array was successfully utilized for the discrimination of a binary mixture of pesticide ( chlorpyrifos ) and herbicide (glyphosate). (bvsalud.org)
  • Herbicides of this type do not kill the roots of a plant but may be effective in controlling annual weeds or seedlings that do not have a well developed root system. (massaudubon.org)
  • Perennial weeds can be more difficult to control by hand-pulling them than by using herbicide on them because failure to pull all of the roots often results in the plants growing back. (gardenguides.com)
  • Herbicides used before planting can treat weeds already grown as well as prevent new weeds from sprouting. (gardenguides.com)
  • Tenacity is a systemic pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide for the selective contact and residual control of weeds in turfgrasses. (recombu.com)
  • This Bayer herbicide delivers rapid burndown to take out early weeds, long-lasting residual to prevent new weeds and reactivation with as little as ½ inch of rain to get late weeds. (southernstates.com)
  • The herbicides mentioned are very different in terms of site of action, weed spectrum, spraying management and potential volume of resistant weeds. (farmprogress.com)
  • Herbicides originally were developed to suppress weeds in crop agriculture. (scienceblog.com)
  • Herbicide resistance in weeds is a major challenge faced by all producers. (iastate.edu)
  • When weeds cannot be killed, farmers are often required to apply additional herbicide or adopt different management strategies that may cost them more money. (iastate.edu)
  • Meaghan Anderson and Angie Rieck-Hinz, field agronomists with ISU Extension and Outreach, will lead attendees through the plots to discuss principles used to manage herbicide resistant weeds and tips for better managing weeds in future years. (iastate.edu)
  • In Stratford Park we have permanent staff who carry out edging and hoeing operations to remove weeds therefore use of herbicides is infrequent. (stroud.gov.uk)
  • 3. Can Avenger Organic Herbicide kill all types of weeds? (amleo.com)
  • A new study challenges their claims regarding one of these activists' key targets: the herbicide atrazine, which farmers use to control weeds rather than tilling the soil. (cei.org)
  • Before the 1960s and the use of herbicides like atrazine, farmers relied on tilling the soil to control weeds, a practice that led to sediment runoff into nearby waters. (cei.org)
  • Almost all other cases of herbicide resistance in agricultural weeds result from selection of tolerant genotypes in the weed species. (eurasiareview.com)
  • The weeds are grabbing certain traits from the crop that are beneficial to them, including herbicide resistance. (eurasiareview.com)
  • With weedy rice, herbicide-resistant weeds were being detected just a couple of years after herbicide-resistant rice was first commercialized. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Previous NIOSH studies of industrial chemical exposures (IARC 2018), insecticides and herbicides (IARC 2017), solvents (IARC 2016), and diesel exhaust (IARC 2013) have also been vital in recent reviews of carcinogenic agents conducted by IARC. (cdc.gov)
  • First, there have been sharp increases in the amounts and numbers of chemical herbicides applied to GM crops, and still further increases - the largest in a generation - are scheduled to occur in the next few years. (cornucopia.org)
  • Farmers can spray herbicide both before and during the growing season, leaving their crops unharmed. (cornucopia.org)
  • This volume contains two sections: Mechanisms of herbicidal action (chapters 1-4) and Mode of action of selected herbicides on controlling diseased, weed growth and productivity and/or growth and development of field crops (chapters 5-10). (intechopen.com)
  • The mean abundance of parasitoids was greatest ( P ≤ 0.05) in crops where the fallow component of the rotation was managed with sheep grazing, as opposed to tillage and herbicide systems. (bioone.org)
  • The implications of these findings are substantial, considering the global reliance on these herbicides following the introduction of genetically modified, herbicide-resistant crops. (earth.com)
  • The IARC report was published in The Lancet Oncology and detailed evaluations of organophosphate pesticides and herbicides. (activistpost.com)
  • Portable Sensor Array for On-Site Detection and Discrimination of Pesticides and Herbicides Using Multivariate Analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Modern agricultural practice relies heavily on pesticides and herbicides to increase crop productivity , and consequently, their residues have a negative impact on the environment and public health . (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, keeping these issues in account, herein we developed an azodye-based chromogenic sensor array for the detection and discrimination of pesticides and herbicides in food and soil samples, utilizing machine learning approaches such as hierarchical clustering analysis, principal component analysis , linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and partial least square regression (PLSR). (bvsalud.org)
  • The azodye-based sensor array was developed in combination with various metal ions owing to their different photophysical properties, which led to distinct patterns toward various pesticides and herbicides . (bvsalud.org)
  • We see the effects of herbicide, as shown in the video link above. (change.org)
  • All you have to do is drive around Hawaii island and you can see the effects of herbicide everywhere. (change.org)
  • If triazine herbicides were not available to U.S. farmers, this analysis shows that aggregate soil erosion from U.S. cropland would begin to increase and reverse the tremendous advances in soil management that U.S. farmers have made in the last 30 years to reduce soil erosion. (cei.org)
  • Corvus® preemergence corn herbicide is the only herbicide to offer three levels of defense ‒ burndown, residual and reactivation - for consistent performance all season long. (southernstates.com)
  • However, the highest priority is applying a preemerge herbicide program with residual products that include several different effective sites of action. (farmprogress.com)
  • Consider a sound residual program that would contain a Group 5 herbicide like metribuzin, and Group 14 like Authority or Valor to help with marestail and waterhemp. (farmprogress.com)
  • Residual herbicides have limited impact. (farmprogress.com)
  • Atrazine and the other atriazine herbicides have contributed to the observed decrease in soil erosion by providing an effective residual herbicide for weed control in conservation tillage and no-till systems. (cei.org)
  • Additionally, chemical based herbicides are known to show better results on account of which farmers tend to use them more than bio-herbicides. (openpr.com)
  • As early as 2004, just two years after the new rice was adopted locally, Arkansas farmers already were reporting some cases of herbicide resistance in weedy rice. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Herbicide resistance is the main characteristic that the biotechnology industry has chosen to introduce into plants. (cornucopia.org)
  • This defense mechanism seeks to rid the bacteria of toxins and is non-specific, which means while it builds resistance to the toxic effects of the herbicides, it also builds resistance to the antibiotics, creating antibiotic-resistant strains that otherwise may not have occurred. (enewspf.com)
  • Detailed herbicide resistance educational lessons provided by a team of weed scientists from the Weed Science Society of America. (cottoninc.com)
  • AMES, Iowa - Iowa State University Extension and Outreach will host a herbicide resistance management field day on June 15, from 1-3 p.m. at the A. Knaphus farm located one mile south of McCallsburg on County Road S27. (iastate.edu)
  • Biologists used whole-genome sequences of 48 contemporary weedy rice plants to show how herbicide resistance evolved by gene flow from crop rice. (eurasiareview.com)
  • We found that U.S. weedy rice has persisted through herbicide pressure with the survival of those few plants that outcross, consequently acquiring the herbicide- resistance trait. (eurasiareview.com)
  • The forest industry uses herbicides in areas that have recently been logged and replanted to reduce competition from "pest" plants which would otherwise inhibit the growth of conifers like lodgepole pine seedlings. (thetyee.ca)
  • A systemic herbicide is an herbicide that when applied to the leaves or other portions of a plant is translocated throughout the plant, including the roots. (massaudubon.org)
  • The global Bio-Herbicides market was valued at 801 million US$ in 2016 and will reach 1574 million US$ by the end of 2021, growing at a CAGR of 15.1% during 2016-2021. (openpr.com)
  • The Global Herbicides Market was valued at USD 27.60 billion in 2016 and is projected to reach USD 46.15 billion by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 5.88% from 2017 to 2025. (bccresearch.com)
  • citation needed] The Canadian government also tested these herbicides and used them to clear vegetation for artillery training. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vegetation structure, composition and crop‐tree responses to herbivory varied across the gradient of herbicide application during the first two years of stand establishment, with herbivory effects most evident at intermediate herbicide treatments. (usgs.gov)
  • Herbivory further suppressed the growth of competing vegetation in the Light herbicide treatment, improving crop‐tree survival, and providing early evidence of an ecosystem service. (usgs.gov)
  • Séralini's team joined up with colleagues at the University of Burgundy in Dijon and have now demonstrated that the herbicide and its Roundup formulations disrupt the action and synthesis of sex hormones at even lower concentrations [4]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Precautions still must be taken with organic herbicides: At high concentrations, even seemingly benign ingredients such as salt and borax can damage soil to the point that nothing will grow. (gardenguides.com)
  • The concentration of herbicides in the river when groundwater was the major flow component was less than 1.0 μ g/L and averaged 0.2 μ g/L. The maximum concentrations of herbicides occurred when overland flow was the major component of river discharge, exceeding 50 pg/L for total herbicides. (usgs.gov)
  • This correlation indicates that rivers with large normalized 2-year peak flows have the potential to transport large concentrations of herbicides. (usgs.gov)
  • A new small study found that 90 percent of pregnant women in an Indiana town had a widely used herbicide in their urine, and women with higher concentrations were associated with early deliveries. (activistpost.com)
  • In a paper published in the journal Communications Biology , scientists from Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Arkansas report that a crop pest called weedy rice has become widely herbicide resistant in regions where herbicide-resistant rice is planted. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Paraquat is a toxic chemical that is widely used as an herbicide (plant killer), primarily for weed and grass control. (cdc.gov)
  • The foods that they consume: nectar, pollen and water are often contaminated with herbicide and surfactant residues due to the spraying of herbicide on flowering plants. (change.org)
  • Please watch the following video for more information about how to identify honey bees and beeswax combs that have been contaminated with herbicide and surfactant residues. (change.org)
  • Low prices of synthetic herbicides are expected to remain a key challenge for its penetration in the global market. (openpr.com)
  • Many countries have banned the use of synthetic herbicides & pesticides due to the toxicity. (change.org)
  • If applied carelessly or during windy conditions, non-selective herbicides that drift from a target plant can damage or kill desirable plants. (gardenguides.com)
  • That is because non-selective herbicides kill all kinds of plants. (gardenguides.com)
  • Non-selective herbicides must be applied with great care, ideally when wind speeds are fewer than 5 mph . (gardenguides.com)
  • Selective herbicides , for example, are effective against only certain species of plants while pre-emergent herbicides are useful only on plants that haven't emerged from the soil yet. (gardenguides.com)
  • This is an OMRI-listed, biodegradable non-selective herbicide. (amleo.com)
  • It is an OMRI listed, biodegradable non-selective herbicide that has zero negative effects on soil, water, animals, or people. (amleo.com)
  • GMO Corn Market By Trait (Herbicide Tolerant, Insect Tolerant. (bccresearch.com)
  • Regardless of trait platform, start clean and apply an effective soil-applied herbicide at or near planting. (farmprogress.com)
  • The other was a new kind that had been tweaked to be tolerant to a certain kind of herbicide. (eurasiareview.com)
  • The herbicide-resistant weedy rice plants are the products of outcrossing with herbicide-tolerant crop," said Nilda Roma Burgos, professor of weed physiology at University of Arkansas and a co-author of the study. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Outcrossing occurs when weedy rice is not controlled 100% by the herbicide and the remaining weedy rice plants flower at the same time as the herbicide-tolerant rice crop. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Bio-Herbicides consist of phytotoxins, pathogens, and other microbes used as biological weed control. (openpr.com)
  • Attendees will tour corn herbicide plots to discuss effective herbicide sites of action and weed control for both individual herbicides and a full program approach. (iastate.edu)
  • The Rainbow Herbicides are a group of tactical-use chemicals used by the United States military in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War. (wikipedia.org)
  • The awareness about Bio-Herbicides is on the rise among the consumers as an increasing number of people are becoming aware of the hazardous effects of synthetic chemicals on the ecosystem. (openpr.com)
  • The consumption of Bio-Herbicides is high in North America due to the growing demand for crop protection chemicals in the ornamental horticulture sector. (openpr.com)
  • Most herbicides include other chemicals that are added to improve the effectiveness of the active ingredient or to dilute the herbicide to the proper concentration for use without mixing. (massaudubon.org)
  • Hawaii laws clearly state that anyone using herbicide in a manner that results in harm to the environment is in violation of the label and the law. (change.org)
  • There have been thousands of documented instances of health problems and birth defects associated with rainbow herbicide exposure in Vietnam, where tested levels remain high in the soil, water, and atmosphere, decades after initial exposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • AUBURN, Alabama - Auburn University today confirmed that an herbicide commonly used to kill trees was deliberately applied in lethal amounts to the soil around the Toomer's Corner live oaks on campus, and there is little chance to save the trees. (al.com)
  • The removal process involves digging trenches and applying activated charcoal to absorb the herbicide from the soil and block its progress. (al.com)
  • The use of herbicides reduces soil erosion by 50 to 98 percent, notes Dennis Avery in True State of the Planet . (cei.org)
  • A broad-spectrum herbicide is an herbicide that contains an active ingredient that will kill all or most plants. (massaudubon.org)
  • Current herbicide traits allow for postemergence application of Liberty on most current soybean genetics. (farmprogress.com)
  • The suit alleges the defendants in the class action suit, Monsanto Company, BASF Corporation, BASF Se, BASF Crop Protection, E.I. Dupont De Nemours and Company, Pioneer Hi-Bred International and Dupont Pioneer should not have sold dicamba herbicide resistant soybean and cotton seeds until the herbicide was ready for sale. (lawyersandsettlements.com)
  • Army experiments with the chemical eventually led to the discovery that 2,4-D combined with 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) yielded a more potent herbicide. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to testing and using the herbicides in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, the US military also tested the "Rainbow Herbicides" and many other chemical defoliants and herbicides in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, Korea, India, and Thailand from the mid-1940s to the late 1960s. (wikipedia.org)
  • Integration of bio-herbicides with chemical herbicides increases the impact of bio based products on weed and helps in enhancing the process efficiency. (openpr.com)
  • A contact herbicide is a chemical that kills only the portion of the plant it is applied to. (massaudubon.org)
  • The active ingredient in an herbicide is the chemical that actually kills the plant. (massaudubon.org)
  • The topic of herbicides can illicit mixed feelings in gardeners, with many preferring a chemical-free approach. (gardenguides.com)
  • The order consolidates about 100 suits against Monsanto Co. and suburban Philadelphia-based chemical producer Nouryon alleging that the herbicide caused the plaintiffs to develop cancer. (law.com)
  • The popular herbicide has a long history of accusations, including that the chemical causes cancer. (activistpost.com)
  • A representative from Dow Chemical, which manufactures the herbicide, is advising the university on removal procedures, and expert horticulturalists are also being consulted. (al.com)
  • The answer to this problem came from no-till and conservation tillage (reduced tilling) for farming, a practice made possible by chemical herbicides like atrazine. (cei.org)
  • Herbicide persistence studies of Agent Orange and Agent White were conducted in the Philippines. (wikipedia.org)
  • University of Montana researchers are giving the public its first look at the widespread use of herbicides on federal and tribal land in North America, and they urge land managers to better document it. (scienceblog.com)
  • Although other countries and many U.S. states are acknowledging the dangers of herbicides and pesticides, especially on pollinators, such as honey bees, and aquatic life, such as fish. (change.org)
  • With regard to pesticides, 54.54% used pyrethroids (Decis 25) in combination with herbicides (Sempra). (who.int)
  • The science consisted solely of toxicologic studies commissioned by the herbicide manufacturers in the 1980s and 1990s and never published, not an uncommon practice in U.S. pesticide regulation. (cornucopia.org)
  • Mass Audubon has a policy on pesticide use that sets forth important considerations, including alternatives analysis, in any decision to use herbicides for invasive plant control. (massaudubon.org)
  • Rainbow herbicides and other dioxin-like compounds are endocrine disruptors, and evidence suggests that they continue to have long-term health consequences many years after exposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the bacteria are exposed to the herbicides and the antibiotics at the same time, the exposure to the herbicides trigger a defense mechanism that otherwise would not have been triggered solely by the antibiotics. (enewspf.com)
  • Veterans who were exposed to Agent Orange or other herbicides during service may be eligible for a variety of VA benefits, including an Agent Orange Registry health exam , health care, and disability compensation for diseases associated with exposure. (va.gov)
  • VA will help determine exposure to Agent Orange or other herbicides during military service after you file a claim for compensation benefits . (va.gov)
  • Scientists from the Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science at the University of California San Diego have discovered alarming associations between exposure to popular herbicides and diminished brain function in adolescents. (earth.com)
  • Dr. Briana Chronister, the study's first author, emphasizes the herbicides' prevalence in agricultural industries worldwide, outlining the exposure risks for both children and adults, particularly in agricultural communities. (earth.com)
  • The active ingredient is different from the trade name of the herbicide product. (massaudubon.org)
  • 2. What is the active ingredient in Avenger Organic Herbicide? (amleo.com)
  • In Massachusetts, herbicides are also regulated by the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources (MDAR). (massaudubon.org)
  • Herbicides are used in turf management and agricultural production. (bccresearch.com)
  • The city of Auburn Police Division is investigating the situation, and the application of this herbicide, known as Spike 80DF, or tebuthiuron, is also governed by state agricultural laws and the Environmental Protection Agency. (al.com)
  • In a world that continually strives for efficient agricultural production, the use of herbicides has become commonplace. (earth.com)
  • Each year's herbicide program has important impacts on the weed populations in future years. (iastate.edu)
  • New research has found a link between Parkinson's and the low amounts of the herbicide paraquat. (ecochildsplay.com)
  • Background: Paraquat and diquat are among the most commonly used herbicides in the world. (cdc.gov)
  • When herbicide application site was known, the vast majority of acute paraquat-related illnesses (81%) arose from agricultur al applications. (cdc.gov)
  • Worldwide, paraquat is still one of the most commonly used herbicides. (cdc.gov)
  • There are a number of types of herbicides that are commonly used for invasive plant control. (massaudubon.org)
  • Herbicides vary in toxicity from mildly toxic to highly poisonous. (gardenguides.com)
  • 8 9 Despite knowing the how dangerous the herbicide was and that some of the toxic pot was making it into the black market, the government continued to use it in the US and Mexico. (ecochildsplay.com)
  • Research surprise unveils how common herbicide kills bees Marc Heller, E&E News Reporter A buff-tailed bumblebee forages on a head of red clover flowers. (beeculture.com)
  • Just 20 years after herbicide-resistant rice was first adopted in the southern United States, the majority of fields with a history of herbicide-resistant rice cultivation have weedy rice plants that are also herbicide resistant. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Such resistant plants were likely outcrosses with herbicide-resistant rice. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Your search for "Herbicides" did not return any results, because that is not a searchable material in our directory. (earth911.com)
  • Even though most herbicides have a low toxicity potential for fish and invertebrates when introduced to bodies of water via runoff, they can cause acute toxicity in marine animals if deliberately or accidentally dumped into bodies of water. (gardenguides.com)
  • Nationally, all herbicides are regulated by the federal Environmental Protection Agency. (massaudubon.org)
  • A Group 15 herbicide such as S-metolachlor, like Dual, or pyroxsulfone, like Zidua, can help on waterhemp. (farmprogress.com)
  • While the magnitude of herbicide usage is well-documented for croplands, this new study is the first to reveal the amount of herbicides sprayed on wildlands. (scienceblog.com)
  • Because the application of the herbicide is being investigated, no details about the investigation can be released. (al.com)
  • Common root causes of illness were failure to use adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), application equipment failure, and spill/splash of herbicide. (cdc.gov)
  • To use Avenger Organic Herbicide, mix 1 pint of Avenger to 1 gallon of water (1:6 ratio). (amleo.com)
  • The Herbicides market is growing at a rapid rate due to the increase in crop production, to feed the rising population. (bccresearch.com)
  • UM researchers Viktoria Wagner and Cara Nelson, along with ecologists Pedro Antunes of Algoma University and Michael Irvine of Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, discovered that more than 1.2 million acres of U.S. federal and tribal wildlands were sprayed with about 200 tons of herbicide in 2010. (scienceblog.com)
  • However, the researchers still advise pregnant women to avoid spraying herbicides on the lawn or treating the house for insects during the first trimester of pregnancy. (activistpost.com)
  • Roadside flowers are often sprayed by county workers and residents, even though the herbicide labels clearly state not to spray flowering plants. (change.org)
  • Herbicide products are being banned due to the increase in demand for bio-based products. (bccresearch.com)
  • Petition · Save Honey Bees from Being Poisoned by Herbicide. (change.org)