Hepatitis c. Medical search

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.

Antigens of the virions of HEPACIVIRUS, their surface, core, or other associated antigens.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.

A nucleoside antimetabolite antiviral agent that blocks nucleic acid synthesis and is used against both RNA and DNA viruses.

A species in the genus HEPATOVIRUS containing one serotype and two strains: HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS and Simian hepatitis A virus causing hepatitis in humans (HEPATITIS A) and primates, respectively.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.

One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Proteins encoded by a VIRAL GENOME that are produced in the organisms they infect, but not packaged into the VIRUS PARTICLES. Some of these proteins may play roles within the infected cell during VIRUS REPLICATION or act in regulation of virus replication or VIRUS ASSEMBLY.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).

A closely related group of antigens found in the plasma only during the infective phase of hepatitis B or in virulent chronic hepatitis B, probably indicating active virus replication; there are three subtypes which may exist in a complex with immunoglobulins G.

Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.

Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HEPATITIS A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.

A positive-stranded RNA virus species in the genus HEPEVIRUS, causing enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (HEPATITIS E).

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS A ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

Any of the viruses that cause inflammation of the liver. They include both DNA and RNA viruses as well viruses from humans and animals.

A strain of HEPATITIS A VIRUS which causes hepatitis in humans. The virus replicates in hepatocytes and is presumed to reach the intestine via the bile duct. Transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route.

Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

A defective virus, containing particles of RNA nucleoprotein in virion-like form, present in patients with acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis. It requires the presence of a hepadnavirus for full replication. This is the lone species in the genus Deltavirus.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

Any DNA sequence capable of independent replication or a molecule that possesses a REPLICATION ORIGIN and which is therefore potentially capable of being replicated in a suitable cell. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.

A species of the CORONAVIRUS genus causing hepatitis in mice. Four strains have been identified as MHV 1, MHV 2, MHV 3, and MHV 4 (also known as MHV-JHM, which is neurotropic and causes disseminated encephalomyelitis with demyelination as well as focal liver necrosis).

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas.

Tetraspanin proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular functions including BASEMENT MEMBRANE assembly, and in the formation of a molecular complexes on the surface of LYMPHOCYTES.

Abuse, overuse, or misuse of a substance by its injection into a vein.

A genus of PICORNAVIRIDAE causing infectious hepatitis naturally in humans and experimentally in other primates. It is transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water. HEPATITIS A VIRUS is the type species.

The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.

Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Antigens from any of the hepatitis viruses including surface, core, and other associated antigens.

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS A VIRUS such as the human hepatitis A virus (HEPATITIS A VIRUS, HUMAN).

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS D VIRUS.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies.

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A DNA virus that closely resembles human hepatitis B virus. It has been recovered from naturally infected ducks.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions.

A country in northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula Its capital is Cairo.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

A family of RNA viruses, many of which cause disease in humans and domestic animals. There are three genera FLAVIVIRUS; PESTIVIRUS; and HEPACIVIRUS, as well as several unassigned species.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

An ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS causing chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in woodchucks. It closely resembles the human hepatitis B virus.

Simultaneous infection of a host organism by two or more pathogens. In virology, coinfection commonly refers to simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more different viruses.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

The presence of viruses in the blood.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Pathological processes of the LIVER.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The indelible marking of TISSUES, primarily SKIN, by pricking it with NEEDLES to imbed various COLORING AGENTS. Tattooing of the CORNEA is done to colorize LEUKOMA spots.

Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)

The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.

A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.

The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS in conjunction with HEPATITIS B VIRUS and lasting six months or more.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

An enzyme that catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time, and can initiate a chain de novo. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p293)

The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

The entering of cells by viruses following VIRUS ATTACHMENT. This is achieved by ENDOCYTOSIS, by direct MEMBRANE FUSION of the viral membrane with the CELL MEMBRANE, or by translocation of the whole virus across the cell membrane.

A genus of Sciuridae consisting of 14 species. They are shortlegged, burrowing rodents which hibernate in winter.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Viral diseases which are transmitted or propagated by sexual conduct.

Infectious organisms in the BLOOD, of which the predominant medical interest is their contamination of blood-soiled linens, towels, gowns, BANDAGES, other items from individuals in risk categories, NEEDLES and other sharp objects, MEDICAL WASTE and DENTAL WASTE, all of which health workers are exposed to. This concept is differentiated from the clinical conditions of BACTEREMIA; VIREMIA; and FUNGEMIA where the organism is present in the blood of a patient as the result of a natural infectious process.

Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli.

A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.

Hospital units in which care is provided the hemodialysis patient. This includes hemodialysis centers in hospitals.

The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.

A family of proteins that promote unwinding of RNA during splicing and translation.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment.

Proteins which are synthesized as a single polymer and then cleaved into several distinct proteins.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.

A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A genus in the subfamily CALLITRICHINAE consisting of 12 species and found in Panama as well as South America. Species seen most frequently in the literature are S. oedipus (cotton-top marmoset), S. nigricollis, and S. fusicollis.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Abnormal immunoglobulins, especially IGG or IGM, that precipitate spontaneously when SERUM is cooled below 37 degrees Celsius. It is characteristic of CRYOGLOBULINEMIA.

Infections with viruses of the family FLAVIVIRIDAE.

Penal institutions, or places of confinement for war prisoners.

A species of virus (tentatively placed in the genus HEPACIVIRUS) in the family FLAVIVIRIDAE, that was recovered from a tamarin monkey, but may have been of human origin. It causes HEPATITIS in several species of New World monkeys.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

Usage of a single needle among two or more people for injecting drugs. Needle sharing is a high-risk behavior for contracting infectious disease.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.

A species of virus (unassigned to a genus) in the family FLAVIVIRIDAE. It is genetically heterogeneous, of human origin, and transmitted by blood or blood products. Despite its alternate name (Hepatitis G virus), its pathogenicity remains controversial.

The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of viruses, and VIRUS DISEASES.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.

The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.

A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). Most of these enzymes are pyridoxyl phosphate proteins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.6.1.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.

Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

The perforation of an anatomical region for the wearing of jewelry.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

A genus of tree shrews of the family TUPAIIDAE which consists of about 12 species. One of the most frequently encountered species is T. glis. Members of this genus inhabit rain forests and secondary growth areas in southeast Asia.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake.

Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).

A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.

FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens. When transmission is within the same species, the mode can be horizontal or vertical (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).

People who take drugs for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect. The drugs may be legal or illegal, but their use often results in adverse medical, legal, or social consequences for the users.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

A family of hepatotropic DNA viruses which contains double-stranded DNA genomes and causes hepatitis in humans and animals. There are two genera: AVIHEPADNAVIRUS and ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS. Hepadnaviruses include HEPATITIS B VIRUS, duck hepatitis B virus (HEPATITIS B VIRUS, DUCK), heron hepatitis B virus, ground squirrel hepatitis virus, and woodchuck hepatitis B virus (HEPATITIS B VIRUS, WOODCHUCK).

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Penetrating stab wounds caused by needles. They are of special concern to health care workers since such injuries put them at risk for developing infectious disease.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

Unassigned species, in the family PICORNAVIRIDAE, causing high mortality in ducklings 3 days to 3 weeks old.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from patients to health professionals or health care workers. It includes transmission via direct or indirect exposure to bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or viral agents.

A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.

The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.

An integral membrane protein that is localized to TIGHT JUNCTIONS, where it plays a role in controlling the paracellular permeability of polarized cells. Mutations in the gene for claudin-1 are associated with Neonatal Ichthyosis-Sclerosing Cholangitis (NISCH) Syndrome.

Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.

Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.

A contagious disease caused by canine adenovirus (ADENOVIRUSES, CANINE) infecting the LIVER, the EYE, the KIDNEY, and other organs in dogs, other canids, and bears. Symptoms include FEVER; EDEMA; VOMITING; and DIARRHEA.

Virus diseases caused by the HEPADNAVIRIDAE.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

Individuals supplying living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

In vivo analysis of the 3' untranslated region of the hepatitis C virus after in vitro mutagenesis of an infectious cDNA clone. (1/5458)

Large sections of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) were deleted from an infectious cDNA clone, and the RNA transcripts from seven deletion mutants were tested sequentially for infectivity in a chimpanzee. Mutants lacking all or part of the 3' terminal conserved region or the poly(U-UC) region were unable to infect the chimpanzee, indicating that both regions are critical for infectivity in vivo. However, the third region, the variable region, was able to tolerate a deletion that destroyed the two putative stem-loop structures within this region. Mutant VR-24 containing a deletion of the proximal 24 nt of the variable region of the 3' UTR was viable in the chimpanzee and seemed to replicate as well as the undeleted parent virus. The chimpanzee became viremic 1 week after inoculation with mutant VR-24, and the HCV genome titer increased over time during the early acute infection. Therefore, the poly(U-UC) region and the conserved region, but not the variable region, of the 3' UTR seem to be critical for in vivo infectivity of HCV. (+info)

Hepatitis virus infection in haemodialysis patients from Moldavia. (2/5458)

BACKGROUND: Although the epidemiology of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) now seems well established for Western European countries, in Central and Eastern Europe < 50% of all dialysis centres routinely test for hepatitis C antibodies since testing is not available or is not applied to all patients. This study describes the prevalence, risk factors and clinical significance of HBV and HCV infection for the haemodialysis population of the North Eastern region of Romania, Moldavia. METHODS: The presence of HBV antigens was determined with an ELISA kit (Wellcome, Abbot) and HCV antibodies with the ELISA-3 Ortho-HCV, third generation test. The following individual data were collected: gender, age, duration of dialysis, rural/urban domicile, actual and previous HBV status, actual HCV status, known acute, clinically evident hepatitis episodes in the last 3 years, monthly alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) levels, complete biochemical hepatic assessment at the time of the study, transfusions for the past 3 years and family history. RESULTS: HBV and HCV prevalences were 17% (stable over the last 3 years) and 75%, respectively; co-infection was seen in 10% of the subjects. Hospitalization (nosocomial infection) for HBV, blood transfusions and duration on dialysis for HCV, emerged as the main risk factors for hepatitis infection. Socio-economic conditions appear to be equally important for HCV infection, since the prevalence was significantly higher among patients from rural, underdeveloped areas than urban areas (80.8 vs 60.3%), and infection was already present in a large proportion of patients (47%) before starting dialysis, without being related to previous disease duration or blood transfusions. HBV and/or HCV was not associated with a worse clinical or biochemical profile at the time of the study. However, infected patients had significantly more previous cytolytic episodes, with higher, transient increases in ALAT and ASAT levels. CONCLUSIONS: HCV infection is endemic among dialysis centres in Moldavia. Apart from previously well-known risk factors for hepatitis infection, our study demonstrates the negative impact of socio-economic underdevelopment. Simple measures such as enforced general asepsia rules, careful disinfection and equipment sterilization, routine testing of patients from economically disadvantaged areas and monthly, serial determination of hepatic enzymes should be the common practice in dialysis centres in Romania. (+info)

Restricted isotypic antibody reactivity to hepatitis C virus synthetic peptides in immunocompromised patients. (3/5458)

An enzyme immunoassay based on three synthetic peptides from the core, NS4, and NS5 regions of hepatitis C virus allowed the detection of antibodies in 100% of immunocompetent infected patients and in 91% of immunocompromised patients (hemodialysis and hemophiliac patients). Immune impairment seemed to restrict the spectrum of antibody isotypes reacting to the core peptide. (+info)

Experimental transmission of hepatitis C virus-associated fulminant hepatitis to a chimpanzee. (4/5458)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was transmitted from a patient with fulminant hepatitis C to a chimpanzee. The patient had developed two episodes of fulminant hepatitis C, each occurring after a separate liver transplantation. Serial serum and liver samples from the patient and the chimpanzee were analyzed for HCV replication, genotype, quasispecies heterogeneity, and antibodies. In the patient, the levels of HCV replication in serum and liver correlated with the degree of hepatocellular necrosis and the clinical expression of fulminant hepatitis. The same HCV strain, genotype 1a, was recovered from both episodes of fulminant hepatitis. An unusually severe acute hepatitis was also observed in the chimpanzee. The viruses recovered from the patient and the chimpanzee were almost identical and displayed relatively little quasispecies heterogeneity. Thus, the same HCV strain induced two episodes of fulminant hepatitis in a single patient and severe hepatitis in a chimpanzee, suggesting that the pathogenicity or virulence of a specific HCV strain may be important in the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis C. (+info)

Cryoglobulinaemia and rheumatic manifestations in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. (5/5458)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of cryoglobulinaemia and rheumatic manifestations in Korean patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS: Forty nine Korean patients with HCV infection were recruited. The prevalence, concentration, and type of cryoglobulin (by immunofixation), rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibody (ANA), and various rheumatological symptoms were investigated and HCV genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction with genotype specific primer. RESULTS: The prevalence of cryoglobulin was 59% in Korean HCV patients and the concentration of cryoglobulin was 9.8 (7.9) g/l (mean (SD)). The type of cryoglobulinaemia was identified in 23 (80%) of 29 HCV patients with cryoglobulinaemia and they were all type III. There were no differences in age, sex, history of operation and transfusion, proportion of liver cirrhosis between the patients with cryoglobulinaemia and those without cryoglobulinaemia. The frequencies of RF and ANA were 14% and 3.4% respectively in HCV patients with cryoglobulinaemia. There was no difference in HCV genotype between the patients with cryoglobulinaemia and those without cryoglobulinaemia. Clinical features of HCV patients were as follows: arthralgia/arthritis (35%), cutaneous manifestation (37%), Raynaud's phenomenon (8%), paresthesia (44%), dry eyes (22%), dry mouth (10%), oral ulcer (33%), and abdominal pain (14%). However, these rheumatological symptoms did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Although the rheumatological symptoms were not different between HCV patients with and without cryoglobulinaemia, HCV patients showed various rheumatological manifestations. These result suggests that HCV infection could be included as one of the causes in patients with unexplained rheumatological symptoms. (+info)

Acute hepatitis C virus structural gene sequences as predictors of persistent viremia: hypervariable region 1 as a decoy. (6/5458)

We hypothesized that hepatitis C virus (HCV) persistence is related to the sequence variability of putative envelope genes. This hypothesis was tested by characterizing quasispecies in specimens collected every six months from a cohort of acutely HCV-infected subjects (mean duration of specimen collection, 72 months after seroconversion). We evaluated 5 individuals who spontaneously cleared viremia and 10 individuals with persistent viremia by cloning 33 1-kb amplicons that spanned E1 and the 5' half of E2, including hypervariable region 1 (HVR1). To assess the quasispecies complexity and to detect variants for sequencing, the first PCR-positive sample was examined by using a previously described method that combines heteroduplex analysis and analysis of single-stranded conformational polymorphisms. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) within each sample was evaluated as an indicator of relative selective pressure. Amino acid sequences were analyzed for signature patterns, glycosylation signals, and charge. Quasispecies complexity was higher and E1 dN/dS ratios (selective pressure) were lower in those with persistent viremia; the association with persistence was strengthened by the presence of a combination of both characteristics. In contrast, a trend toward higher HVR1 dN/dS ratios was detected among those with persistent viremia. We did not detect any such association for factors that may affect complexity such as serum HCV RNA concentration. HVR1 had a lower positive charge in subjects with persistent viremia, although no consistent motifs were detected. Our data suggest that HCV persistence is associated with a complex quasispecies and immune response to HVR1. (+info)

Long-term follow-up of chimpanzees inoculated with the first infectious clone for hepatitis C virus. (7/5458)

Two chimpanzees (Ch1535 and Ch1536) became infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) following intrahepatic inoculation with RNA transcribed from a full-length cDNA clone of the virus. Both animals were persistently infected and have been followed for 60 weeks. They showed similar responses to infection, with transient liver enzyme elevations and liver inflammatory responses, which peaked at weeks 17 (Ch1535) and 12 (Ch1536) postinoculation (p.i.). Antibody responses to structural and nonstructural proteins were first detected at weeks 13 (Ch1535) and 10 (Ch1536) p.i. Serum RNA titers increased steadily during the first 10 to 13 weeks but decreased sharply in both animals following antibody and inflammatory responses. Despite direct evidence of humoral immune responses to multiple viral antigens, including hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), both animals remained chronically infected. Detailed sequence analysis of serum HCV RNA revealed no change in the majority HVR1 sequence in Ch1535 and a single-amino-acid mutation in Ch1536, with very little clonal variation in either animal. Full-length genome analysis at week 60 revealed several amino acid substitutions localized to antigens E1, E2, p7, NS3, and NS5. Of these, 55.6 and 40% were present as the majority sequence in serum RNA isolated at week 26 p.i. (Ch1535) and week 22 p.i. (Ch1536), respectively, and could represent immune escape mutations. Mutations accumulated at a rate of 1.57 x 10(-3) and 1.48 x 10(-3) nucleotide substitutions/site/year for Ch1535 and Ch1536, respectively. Taken together, these data indicate that establishment of a persistent HCV infection in these chimpanzees is not due to changes in HVR1; however, the possibility remains that mutations arising in other parts of the genome contributed to this persistence. (+info)

The natural course of hepatitis C virus infection 18 years after an epidemic outbreak of non-A, non-B hepatitis in a plasmapheresis centre. (8/5458)

BACKGROUND: The natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is variable and factors determining the course of the illness are unclear. AIMS: To determine the natural course of HCV infection in a well characterised group of patients 18 years after an epidemic outbreak of non-A, non-B hepatitis at a plasmapheresis centre. METHODS: Between 1994 and 1996, 20 of 30 affected individuals were studied. HCV infection was confirmed using second and third generation ELISA test kits. HCV RNA was detected by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and HCV genotyping was performed by analysing amplicons from the conserved 5'-non-translated region generated by nested PCR. Thirty two liver biopsies were carried out in 14 patients. RESULTS: HCV antibodies were detected in all subjects. Eighteen patients had abnormal liver enzymes and 17 were HCV RNA positive, all of whom were infected with genotype 1a. Ninety per cent of this cohort showed evidence of chronic HCV infection with 50% having progressive liver disease and 20% cirrhosis 18 years after acute onset of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Considerable variation in disease outcome occurred between individuals and no correlation with clinical features of the acute illness was found. CONCLUSIONS: Variability in the consequences of HCV infection in cases infected with the same virus suggests that host factors are important in determining disease outcome. The factors which determine differences in the natural history of the disease still remain to be elucidated. (+info)

Viral hepatitis is caused by five different viruses (hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E). Hepatitis A and hepatitis E behave similarly ... In the Mediterranean, hepatitis D is predominant among hepatitis B virus co-infected people. Similar to Hepatitis A, hepatitis ... and are self-limiting illnesses that do not lead to chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis D are ... Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B to replicate and is only found with hepatitis B co-infection. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis

... is hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) due to excessive intake of alcohol. Patients typically have a ... Alcoholic hepatitis is distinct from cirrhosis caused by long-term alcohol consumption. Alcoholic hepatitis can occur in ... Alcoholic hepatitis occurs in approximately 1/3 of chronic alcohol drinkers. 10-20% of patients with alcoholic hepatitis ... Untreated alcoholic hepatitis mortality in one month of presentation may be as high as 40-50%. The diagnosis is made in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_hepatitis

... is a type of viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV). HDV is one of five known hepatitis viruses ... In combination with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D has the highest fatality rate of all the hepatitis infections, at 20%. A ... The vaccine for hepatitis B protects against hepatitis D virus because of the latter's dependence on the presence of hepatitis ... As previously stated, patients previously diagnosed with hepatitis B are at risk for hepatitis D infection. Hepatitis D ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D

"Source details: Hepatitis Monthly". Scopus Preview. Elsevier. Retrieved 2019-12-05. "Hepatitis Monthly". 2018 Journal Citation ... Hepatitis Monthly is a monthly peer-reviewed open access medical journal published by Kowsar Publishing, a publisher included ... "Hepatitis Monthly". MIAR: Information Matrix for the Analysis of Journals. University of Barcelona. Retrieved 2019-12-05. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_Monthly

... it is also imperative to be able to exclude the possibility of acute viral hepatitis. Ischemic hepatitis is related to another ... can also cause ischemic hepatitis.[medical citation needed] People who develop ischemic hepatitis may have weakness, fatigue, ... Ischemic hepatitis, also known as shock liver, is a condition defined as an acute liver injury caused by insufficient blood ... Ischemic hepatitis can be caused by a number of reasons (that lead to low blood pressure) including: Abnormal heart rhythm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischemic_hepatitis

Non-A-E hepatitis, also known as hepatitis X, is an infectious disease of the liver referring to a case of viral hepatitis that ... The specific cause of non-A-E hepatitis is unknown. It is considered a rare disorder. "Non-A-E hepatitis". Genetic and Rare ... "Acute Non-A-E Hepatitis in the United States and the Role of Hepatitis G Virus Infection". N Engl J Med. 336 (11): 741-746. doi ... "TTV infection in patients with acute hepatitis of defined aetiology and in acute non-A-E hepatitis". Journal of Hepatology. 32 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_X

The causes of neonatal hepatitis are many. Viruses that have been identified include cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, hepatitis ... Neonatal hepatitis refers to many forms of liver dysfunction that affects fetuses and neonates. It is most often caused by ... The infant with neonatal hepatitis usually has jaundice that appears at one to two months of age, is not gaining weight and ... Jaundice that is caused by neonatal hepatitis is not the same as physiologic neonatal jaundice. In contrast with physiologic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_hepatitis

World Hepatitis Day, observed 28 July, aims to raise global awareness of hepatitis B and hepatitis C and encourage prevention, ... Hepatitis B was originally known as "serum hepatitis". Acute infection with hepatitis B virus is associated with acute viral ... when combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin and the hepatitis B vaccine, especially for pregnant women with high hepatitis B ... hepatitis B immunoglobulin alone, or the combination of vaccine plus hepatitis B immunoglobulin, all prevent hepatitis B ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B

... is inflammation of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV); it is a type of viral hepatitis ... Hepatitis E has mainly a fecal-oral transmission route that is similar to hepatitis A, although the viruses are unrelated. In ... Like hepatitis A, hepatitis E usually follows an acute and self-limiting course of illness (the condition is temporary and the ... In 2017, hepatitis E was estimated to affect more than 19 million people. Those most commonly at risk of HEV are men aged 15 to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_E

... ". Discogs. Retrieved 2018-01-23. "NOFX - Hepatitis Bathtub - Discography - FatWreckWiki". www.fatwreckwiki. ... Hepatitis Bathtub is an EP by NOFX released on December 23, 2016 through Fat Wreck Chords. The EP was released as a four-song 7 ... The Hepatitis Bathtub and Other Stories was eventually released in April 2016. "Too Mixed Up" "Nothing But a Nightmare" ( ... It was also available as a deluxe package in limited edition color vinyl with a hardcover copy of NOFX's book The Hepatitis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_Bathtub

... is an infectious disease of the liver caused by Hepatovirus A (HAV); it is a type of viral hepatitis. Many cases ... Acute hepatitis A resulted in 11,200 deaths in 2015. World Hepatitis Day occurs each year on July 28 to bring awareness to ... It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. The hepatitis A vaccine is effective for prevention.[needs update ... 2019 United States hepatitis A outbreak Matheny, SC; Kingery, JE (1 December 2012). "Hepatitis A." Am Fam Physician. 86 (11): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A

Hepatitis D is caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV), or hepatitis delta virus; it belongs to the genus Deltavirus. HDV is ... Patients with hepatitis C are susceptible to severe hepatitis if they contract either hepatitis A or B, so all persons with ... Hepatitis E is caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV), from the family Hepeviridae. It produces symptoms similar to hepatitis A ... Hepatitis A and hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccination. Effective treatments for hepatitis C are available but costly. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_hepatitis

In those with chronic hepatitis B, treatment for hepatitis C results in reactivation of hepatitis B about 25% of the time. ... Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver; it is a type of ... The existence of hepatitis C - originally identifiable only as a type of non-A non-B hepatitis - was suggested in the 1970s and ... Chronic hepatitis C is defined as infection with the hepatitis C virus persisting for more than six months based on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C

Other causes of hepatitis: Viral hepatitis - it is necessary to distinguish autoimmune hepatitis from acute hepatitis caused by ... Autoimmune hepatitis, formerly known as lupoid hepatitis, plasma cell hepatitis, or autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, is a ... doi:10.1002/hep.23584. PMID 20513004. S2CID 30356212. Than NN, Jeffery HC, Oo YH (2016). "Autoimmune Hepatitis: Progress from ... Autoimmune hepatitis was previously called "lupoid" hepatitis due to people having an associated autoimmune disease like system ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_hepatitis

Co-infection of Hepatitis B and various other viruses can also occur. Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D (a satellite virus of Hepatitis ... Hepatitis B virus causes the disease Hepatitis. Hepatitis is considered to be the leading cause of liver cancer worldwide ( ... "Hepatitis B Foundation: Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B Coinfection". www.hepb.org. Retrieved 2 December 2022. Thio, Chloe L. (May ... Rates of Hepatitis B infection are equal across male and females. Hepatitis B virus is more prominently found in US citizens of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_virus

"Turkey Viral Hepatitis - WikiVet English". Retrieved 10 July 2011. v t e (Articles lacking in-text citations from October 2011 ... The aetiological agent of turkey viral hepatitis is a virus from the Picornaviridae family. The disease is restricted to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_viral_hepatitis

... is May 19 in the United States. "Hepatitis Awareness Month and Hepatitis Testing Day - Division of Viral ... v t e (Health awareness days, Hepatitis, May observances, Observances in the United States, All stub articles, Health stubs). ... Hepatitis - CDC". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 24 May 2017. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_Testing_Day

The hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, abbreviated ... doi:10.1002/hep.20819. PMID 16149085. S2CID 21393716. Yu ML, Chuang WL (2009). "Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in Asia: when ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hepatitis C virus. Wikispecies has information related to Hepatitis C virus. Academic ... Unlike hepatitis A and B, there is currently no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C infection. The study of HCV has been hampered by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C_virus

"Search for hepatitis B cure a labor of love". "Board of Directors & Staff » Hepatitis B Foundation". www.hepb.org. "Hepatitis B ... The Hepatitis B Foundation (HBF) is an American nonprofit organization dedicated to finding a cure for hepatitis B and ... To meet the unmet needs of those living with chronic hepatitis B, they created the Hepatitis B Foundation with the help of the ... The Hepatitis B Foundation is a nonprofit organization that provides resources and information about hepatitis B, engages in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_Foundation

... (WHV) is a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus. It was first discovered in 1977 in a captive ... Tennant, W. C. (1999). "The Woodchuck Model of Hepatitis B Virus Infection". Handbook of animal models of infection: ... Tyler, Gail V.; Summers, Jesse W.; Synder, Robert L. (1981). "Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus in Natural Woodchuck Populations". ... this has led to the use of WHV in woodchucks as a model for human Hepatitis B virus infections. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodchuck_hepatitis_virus

... is a rare medical condition characterised by granulomas in the liver, recurrent fever, ... The condition is not a true hepatitis, and some experts believe it is a variant of sarcoidosis. Herrine, Steven K. (November ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_granulomatous_hepatitis

Hepatitis B vaccination, hepatitis B immunoglobulin, and the combination of hepatitis B vaccine plus hepatitis B immunoglobulin ... is a vaccine against hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Pediarix is a vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, ... Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis B. The first dose is recommended within 24 hours of birth with either ... "FAQs about Hepatitis B Vaccine (Hep B) and Multiple Sclerosis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 9 October ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_vaccine

... (ICH) is an acute liver infection in dogs caused by Canine mastadenovirus A, formerly called Canine ... Diagnosis is made by recognizing the combination of symptoms and abnormal blood tests that occur in infectious canine hepatitis ... ISBN 978-0-7216-6795-9. "Infectious Canine Hepatitis: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-28. ... infectious canine hepatitis virus, and distemper virus experimental challenges". Vet Ther. 5 (3): 173-86. PMID 15578450. Canine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_canine_hepatitis

"World Hepatitis Day 2016" (PDF). World Hepatitis Alliance. 2016. "World Hepatitis Summit". World Hepatitis Summit. 2017. "World ... all of whom must be chronic viral hepatitis patients: someone who has or has had chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C ... the first World Hepatitis Summit was convened by the WHO and World Hepatitis Alliance with the aim of uniting World Hepatitis ... NOhep was created by the World Hepatitis Alliance with the aim of becoming a global movement to eliminate viral hepatitis. WHA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Hepatitis_Alliance

Duck hepatitis is an acute and fatal disease in ducklings caused by the Avihepatovirus DHV-1 and DHV-3. It causes opisthotonus ... and hepatitis. DHV-1 is found worldwide. It causes disease in young ducklings, usually ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_hepatitis_virus

Hepatitis A and B vaccine is a vaccine against hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Hepatitis A and typhoid vaccine is a vaccine ... Hepatitis A vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis A. It is effective in around 95% of cases and lasts for at least ... It is a freeze-dried live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine. Hepatitis A virus H2 strain is produced in human diploid cells. A ... 2013). "Chapter 17: Hepatitis A". Immunisation against infectious disease. Public Health England. Hepatitis A Vaccines at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A_vaccine

... is a disease of large animals, especially sheep, caused by Clostridium novyi infection. The ... Stampfi, Henry (March 2014). "Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis". The Merck Veterinary Manual. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Retrieved ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to infectious necrotic hepatitis. (Articles with short description, Short description ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_necrotic_hepatitis

IFN-free Regimens HCV Comorbidities Clinical Challenges in Hepatitis C Hepatitis B Hepatitis D and E Hepatocellular carcinoma ... Frankfurt, Germany.: Journal of Viral Hepatitis: Vol 19, No s3". Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 19. 2012. doi:10.1111/jvh.2012.19. ... "Abstracts for the Viral Hepatitis Congress 2013, 26-28 September 2013, Frankfurt, Germany: Journal of Viral Hepatitis: Vol 20, ... Topics included: Hepatitis C Epidemiology, Screening and Diagnosis The New Era of HCV Therapies: IFN-containing Regimens The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_Hepatitis_Congress

A hepatitis C vaccine, a vaccine capable of protecting against the hepatitis C virus (HCV), is not yet available. Although ... "The hepatitis C virus". WHO. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013. Torresi J (7 November 2017 ... "Hepatitis C Questions and Answers for the Public , CDC". 10 September 2019. Press Release (28 November 2013). "Scripps Research ... Strickland GT, El-Kamary SS, Klenerman P, Nicosia A (June 2008). "Hepatitis C vaccine: supply and demand". The Lancet. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C_vaccine

Hepatitis. 2019: Invest in eliminating hepatitis. 2020: Hepatitis Free Future 2021: Hepatitis can't wait 2022: Bringing ... World Hepatitis Alliance, World Hepatitis Day Wrap-Up Report 2012. "World Hepatitis Day 2015 to focus on prevention". World ... 2014: Hepatitis: Think Again 2015: Prevention of viral Hepatitis. Act now. 2016: Know Hepatitis-Act now. 2017: Eliminate ... In some countries hepatitis B is the most common cause of cirrhosis and may also cause liver cancer. World Hepatitis Day is one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Hepatitis_Day

2020 Viral Hepatitis Surveillance Report , CDC. *QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years with Current Hepatitis C Virus ... QuickStats: Prevalence of Past or Present Infection with Hepatitis B Virus Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years, by Race and Hispanic ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Viral Hepatitis. *National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Viral ... Prevalence and Trends in Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States, 2015-2018 ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/hepatitis.htm

Several hepatitis B vaccines are available (Table 5-12). Hepatitis B vaccines are administered either as a 2-dose series at 0 ... Select Hepatitis B Genotyping for research use only, and Hepatitis B Serology and Quantitative PCR if testing regulated by ... Abbreviations: HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; anti-HBc, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen; anti-HBs, antibody to ... 2Hepatitis B-directed care includes a physical examination and laboratory evaluation for liver transaminase, hepatitis B virus ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2020/travel-related-infectious-diseases/hepatitis-b

Learn about viral hepatitis, statistics, surveillance, resources, populations and impact. ... Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver often caused by a virus. ... Viral Hepatitis Surveillance Report- United States, 2020. Surveillance and mortality data for hepatitis A, hepatitis B and ... Guidance for jurisdictions to implement and improve hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C surveillance and case management ...

https://cdc.gov/hepatitis

... hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. There are five main hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D or E). Learn about the different ... Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis D spread through contact with the blood of someone who has the disease. Hepatitis B and ... How is viral hepatitis spread?. Hepatitis A and hepatitis E usually spread through contact with food or water that was ... What causes hepatitis?. There are different types of hepatitis, with different causes:. *Viral hepatitis is the most common ...

https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html

... and guidelines on hepatitis B infection. Read the latest on prevention of hepatitis B virus with the hepatitis B vaccine. ... Hepatitis B : Review in-depth clinical information, latest medical news, ... Dried Blood Spot Test Validated for HIV, Hep B, and Hep C ... CDC Recommends Universal Hepatitis B Screening of Adults. ...

http://www.medscape.com/resource/hbv

Chronic hepatitis B and C claim almost 1.34 million lives each year globally. In the South-East Asia Region, viral hepatitis ... To tackle viral hepatitis, Member States of the WHO South-East Asia Region have endorsed the Global Health Sector Strategy on ... With 49 million people estimated to be chronically infected with hepatitis B and C, the number of deaths will only increase if ... 2)‎ Focus on gaps in the hepatitis B birth dose coverage to ensure at least 95% coverage by 2020.(‎3)‎ Ensure that injection ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/handle/10665/258548

View CDCs 2010 ChildVaxView Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination coverage among children 19-35 months by State, HHS Region, and the ... Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination coverage among children 19-35 months by State, HHS Region, and the United States, National ... 2010 Childhood Hepatitis B (HepB) Vaccination Coverage Dashboard. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/coverage/childvaxview/data-reports/hepb/dashboard/2010.html

This is called acute hepatitis B. Sometimes the virus causes a long-term infection, called chronic hepatitis B. Over time, it ... Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. Most people who get it have it for a short time and then get better. ... Tests to see if the hepatitis A, hepatitis C, or Epstein-Barr viruses are causing your hepatitis. ... For short-term (acute) hepatitis B, you may get a shot of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and the hepatitis B vaccine. For ...

https://www.healthwisepreview.net/premierhealth/Content/StdDocument.aspx?DOCHWID=hw40968

LBXHA - Hepatitis A antibody. Variable Name: LBXHA SAS Label: Hepatitis A antibody. English Text: Hepatitis A antibody. Target ... New immunization strategies have been developed to eliminate the spread of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis A ... Reported results for all assays meet the Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and ... Hepatitis A (HEPA_H) Data File: HEPA_H.xpt First Published: October 2015. Last Revised: NA ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2013-2014/HEPA_H.htm

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https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/170736

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https://www2a.cdc.gov/nip/isd/ycts/mod1/courses/hepa/

Hepatitis C is an infectious hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). . ... Other viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis D, among others ... Hepatitis C is an infectious hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV).This systemic viral infection predominantly involves ... Acute hepatitis. The histological features of acute hepatitis C differ very little from other acute viral hepatitis. The ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610728-overview

New WHO data reveal that an estimated 325 million people worldwide are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis ... 60 million with hepatitis B and 10 million with hepatitis C). Hepatitis B infection is preventable, treatable and hepatitis C ... Hepatitis D is less common and occurs only in association with hepatitis B. The other viruses (namely hepatitis A and E) are ... Hepatitis B. Laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B infection focuses on the detection of the various hepatitis B antigens ( ...

http://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/hepatitis

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https://www2.cdc.gov/nip/isd/YCTS/mod1/courses/hepb/

Content source: Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention ... Viral Hepatitis Surveillance - United Statesplus icon *2020 Surveillanceplus icon *Overviewplus icon *Background ... Viral Hepatitis Surveillance and Case Management: Guidance for State, Territorial, and Local Health Departmentsplus icon * ... Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Programplus icon *Figure 4.1 - Outcomes by Birth Cohort Year ...

https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2011surveillance/table4.1.htm

Hepatitis A and E. Viral hepatitis is a group of viruses (hepatitis A, B, C, the rarer type D, and E) that can cause both acute ... In rare cases, acute hepatitis E can lead to acute liver failure (fulminant hepatitis) and death. Pregnant women with hepatitis ... Hepatitis A. Hepatitis A causes mild to severe illness in an estimated 1.4 million people per year, with a further 113 million ... The Hepatitis E virus has at least four different genotypes, of which two have been found only in humans. While hepatitis E ...

https://www.emro.who.int/health-topics/hepatitis/

Hepatitis B is one of the viruses that cause hepatitis. One way that someone can become infected with the hepatitis B virus is ... Its not just hepatitis B that affects who can donate blood. Other types of viral hepatitis, HIV, and some infections can mean ... People infected with hepatitis B may carry the virus without even knowing it. They can pass it to others through blood or ... Because of this, anyone who has ever tested positive for hepatitis B cannot donate blood. ...

https://www.kidshealth.org/NemoursXML/en/teens/blood-hepatitis.html?WT.ac=t-ra

Hepatitis A is a vaccine-preventable, contagious liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus. Symptoms can range from mild ... Tagged: hepatitis A Post navigation. Previous Biologists still want anglers to keep small salmon on this big Maine lake ...

https://www.bangordailynews.com/2021/03/24/news/bangor/employee-with-hepatitis-a-prepared-food-at-orono-convenience-store/

About 71 million people globally have chronic hepatitis C, with approximately 399,000 dying annually from this infection. Test ... Hepatitis C Virus Disparities: Strategies for Bridging the Gap 1.0 CME / CE / ABIM MOC Credits Clinical Review ... Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatitis C Virus Treatments: The Bold and the Beautiful Journal Article ... Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C should be determined on a case-by-case basis. However, treatment is widely ...

https://reference.medscape.com/viewarticle/904328_8

Catherine Onghanseng Clinic - Pasig City - Hepatitis B vaccine ...

https://www.bookuna.org/booking-services/hepatitis-b-vaccine/f3a7144b-d7d8-44d1-828e-74e39132cfe9

... has resulted in 19 clinical trials for hepatitis C virus (HCV), focused on developing more effective and well-tolerated HCV ... Home / Newsroom / 2011 News Releases / UC San Diego School of Medicine Launches Hepatitis C Clinical Trials ... "The Liver Center provides patients outstanding patient care through its Hepatitis Clinic and Transplant Program," said Kuo, a ... To RSVP for the Hepatitis C Community Forum or get more information, visit www.hcvforum.eventbrite.com. ...

https://health.ucsd.edu/news/2011/Pages/10-13-hepatitis-C-clinical-trials.aspx

This news release describes the most recent Hepatitis Surveillance Report with data from 2010-2015. ... Press Release: New Hepatitis C Infections Nearly Tripled over Five Years. *Full Report: Surveillance for Viral Hepatitis - ... Graphics: New Preliminary Hepatitis Surveillance Data. The following images and graphics highlight major findings from CDCs ... The number of new hepatitis C infections reported to CDC in 2015 was higher than its been in 15 years - having nearly tripled ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2017/hepatitis-surveillance-report.html

The discovery of infectious hepatitis E virus in retail pork products may help explain the purported association between liver ... Then we discovered hepatitis B, which is often sexually transmitted, and then we discovered hepatitis C, which we can get from ... Then we discovered hepatitis B, which is often sexually transmitted, and then we discovered hepatitis C, which we can get from ... Republishing "Hepatitis E Virus in Pork". × Terms You may republish this material online or in print under our Creative Commons ...

https://nutritionfacts.org/video/hepatitis-e-virus-in-pork/

FDA testing indicated the presence of Hepatitis A in a select lot of James Farm branded frozen raspberries. ... Hepatitis A is a contagious liver disease that results from exposure to the Hepatitis A virus. At this time, there have been no ... According to the recall, FDA testing indicated the presence of Hepatitis A in James Farm branded frozen raspberries identified ... Gray News) - A company has issued a voluntary recall of frozen raspberries due to a potential Hepatitis A contamination. ...

https://www.ktiv.com/2022/12/05/fda-frozen-raspberries-recalled-due-possible-hepatitis-contamination/

... adenovirus type 41 is not known to be a cause of hepatitis in otherwise healthy children. More common causes for hepatitis have ... While there have been case reports of hepatitis in immunocompromised children with adenovirus type 41 infection in the past, ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is investigating a cluster of children identified with hepatitis and ... CDC has recommended that U.S. clinicians who encounter pediatric patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology to consider ...

https://emergency.cdc.gov/coca/calls/2022/callinfo_051922.asp

World Hepatitis Day is recognized annually to raise awareness of viral hepatitis. Read about ways to reduce your chances of ... World Hepatitis Day will be observed on Thursday, July 28. ... Hepatitis A and E viruses typically cause only acute, or short- ... This year, World Hepatitis Day will be observed on Thursday, July 28. World Hepatitis Day is recognized annually to raise ... Hepatitis can spread through contaminated food or drinking water. You can also get hepatitis from sexual contact, drinking ...

https://www.dhs.gov/employee-resources/news/2022/07/14/hepatitis-awareness

Australian World Hepatitis Day raises community awareness about viral hepatitis Agree Australian World Hepatitis Day raises ... Australian World Hepatitis Day raises community awareness about viral hepatitis Disagree Australian World Hepatitis Day raises ... World Hepatitis Day in Australia is important for reducing hepatitis-related stigma World Hepatitis Day in Australia is ... Australian World Hepatitis Day raises community awareness about viral hepatitis Australian World Hepatitis Day raises community ...

https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/5G6MQYN

World Hepatitis Day Vaccination 2022 Infections Antibodies Cirrhosis Symptoms Virus infection Viruses Risk of hepatitis Surface antigen Acute hepatitis Receiving the hepatitis A vacci Fulminant hepatitis Antiviral 2019 Jaundice Prevent hepatitis Caused by the hepatitis B vir 2021 Centers Adults Prevention Cases of hepatitis Patients with hepatitis Diagnosis Vaccines Epidemiology Immunization Viral infection Prevalence of hepatitis Inflammation of the liver Antibody Outbreak Transmission 2018 Coinfection 2020 Chronic hepatit Types of hepatitis Genotype Complications Liver cancer Increase in hepatitis People with hepatitis Vaccine for hepatitis Positive for hepatitis Infection with hepatitis Protection against hepatitis Treatment Sexually Https Autoimmune Lasts less than six months Infected with hepatitis B vir Reduce the risk of contracti Exposed to the hepatitis B vir Doses of the hepatitis A vacci Completed the hepatitis B vaccine seri Pediatric Sofosbuvir Awareness Treat hepatitis Infectious hepatitis

Since 2011, together with national governments, partners and civil society, WHO has organized annual World Hepatitis Day campaigns (as one of its nine flagship annual health campaigns) to increase awareness and understanding of viral hepatitis. (who.int)
This year, World Hepatitis Day will be observed on Thursday, July 28. (dhs.gov)
World Hepatitis Day is recognized annually to raise awareness of viral hepatitis, a group of infectious diseases known as hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. These viruses cause inflammation and damage of the liver, an organ that helps the body digest food, store energy, and eliminate bacteria and harmful toxins. (dhs.gov)
This survey is for attendees of the Australian World Hepatitis Day Network (the Network) in 2022. (surveymonkey.com)
The network was convened by Hepatitis Australia to support stakeholder information sharing and action in the lead up to, and on, World Hepatitis Day 2022. (surveymonkey.com)
This survey will help Hepatitis Australia evaluate the Network, its contributions to World Hepatitis Day, and will inform changes to its implementation in 2023. (surveymonkey.com)
For more information on the survey or to provide further feedback on the Australian World Hepatitis Day Network please contact [insert contact details]. (surveymonkey.com)
1 . To what extent do you agree with the following statements on Australian World Hepatitis Day Network outcomes? (surveymonkey.com)
2 . How useful did you find the following Australian World Hepatitis Day Network resources/activities? (surveymonkey.com)
July 28 is World Hepatitis Day. (ox.ac.uk)
World Hepatitis Day, an annual event aimed at increasing awareness about hepatitis A, B and C and encouraging prevention, screening and vaccination efforts, is being observed this weekend. (times-standard.com)
World Hepatitis Day was created to commemorate the birthday of Dr. Baruch Blumberg (1925-2011). (times-standard.com)
World Hepatitis Day takes places every year on 28 July to raise awareness and promote global action on viral hepatitis. (who.int)
Belle vue clinic celebrated world hepatitis day on 27th july 2019 in its gastroenterology department. (bellevueclinic.com)
World hepatitis day is celebrated globally on 28th july and this year the theme was no hep, finding the missing millions. (bellevueclinic.com)

Ninety-eight percent of healthy children who complete the full series (3-4 separate shots) of the hepatitis B vaccination achieve complete immunity to the disease. (healthline.com)
However, due to continued vaccination efforts by DHEC and partnering agencies, the number of hepatitis A cases began to decline toward the end of 2021 and case numbers have stayed low. (scdhec.gov)
People with diabetes are at increased risk of contracting several vaccine-preventable infections, including hepatitis B. Vaccination helps reduce the risk of developing hepatitis B disease in patients who are exposed. (ihs.gov)
It also can show that you got a hepatitis B vaccination. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Mandatory vaccination of newborns decreased the frequency of the Hepatitis B virus infection in developed countries. (educationindex.com)
These data represent administrative and official Hepatitis B vaccination coverage (3rd dose) reported annually through the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form on Immunization (JRF). (who.int)
In order to prevent hepatitis A, vaccination is an important method. (healthwatchcenter.com)
During May, CDC and our public health partners work to shed light on the impact of these hidden epidemics by raising awareness of viral hepatitis while encouraging testing and vaccination. (cdc.gov)
ACIP Recommends Universal HBV Vaccination for Adults Under 60 Will the universal recommendation help reinvigorate stalling declines in hepatitis B infections over the past decade? (medscape.com)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination is recommended for all infants, older children and adolescents who were not vaccinated previously, and adults at risk for HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for all children starting at age 1 year, travelers to certain countries, and others at risk. (cdc.gov)
By then, China had fully integrated hepatitis B vaccination as part of its routine immunization for infants. (biomedcentral.com)
To evaluate whether the impact of the hepatitis B vaccination program since 1992 in Anhui province is similar to the rest of the country, this paper examined an updated Hepatitis B serosurvey to (1) measure the prevalence of hepatitis B among the general population and (2) determine the ongoing risk factors for hepatitis B infection. (biomedcentral.com)
According to the CDC , only 90-95% of people develop antibodies to hepatitis B post-vaccination (full series) and have positive antibody titers for 30+ years. (raisinghealthychildren.net)

Based on data through April 30, 2022, the statewide outbreak of hepatitis A is considered to be over. (scdhec.gov)
The FDA, along with CDC, the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, state, and local partners are investigating a multistate outbreak of hepatitis A infections in the United States and Canada potentially linked to fresh organic strawberries branded as FreshKampo and HEB, purchased between March 5, 2022, and April 25, 2022. (about-hepatitis.com)

In the United States today, an estimated one million persons have life long hepatitis B virus infections. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis viruses constitute a major public health problem because of the morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses will be used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups, and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis D is less common and occurs only in association with hepatitis B. The other viruses (namely hepatitis A and E) are spread via contaminated food and water and cause acute infections and outbreaks in areas of poor sanitation and inadequate waste disposal. (who.int)
This is encapsulated in the ambitious global targets to reduce new viral hepatitis infections by 90% and reduce deaths due to viral hepatitis by 65% by 2030. (who.int)
WHO recently published the "Progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2019", outlining progress towards elimination. (who.int)
The report sets out global statistics on viral hepatitis B and C, the rates of new infections, the prevalence of chronic infections and mortality caused by these two high-burden viruses, and coverage of key interventions, all current as at the end of 2016 and 2017. (who.int)
Other types of viral hepatitis, HIV , and some infections can mean that a person can't give blood. (kidshealth.org)
New preliminary data released today shows that, in over just five years, the number of new hepatitis C infections reported to CDC has nearly tripled, reaching a 15-year high. (cdc.gov)
The number of new hepatitis C infections reported to CDC in 2015 was higher than it's been in 15 years - having nearly tripled since 2010 (850 new cases were reported in 2010, and 2,436 new cases reported in 2015). (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis A and E viruses typically cause only acute, or short-term infections. (dhs.gov)
Condoms lower your risk of getting or passing sexually transmitted infections, including viral hepatitis. (dhs.gov)
Opioid crisis blamed for increase in hepatitis B infections in many states. (healthline.com)
The national opioid epidemic has led to an increase in new hepatitis B infections in some states," said Dr. Karen Puopolo, a co-author of the new AAP guidelines, in a press statement . (healthline.com)
In Northern Ireland, most hepatitis C infections occur in people who inject drugs or have injected them in the past. (nidirect.gov.uk)
In 1999, more than 10,000 people were hospitalized due to hepatitis-A infections, and 83 people died. (marlerclark.com)
A majority of the children have had adenovirus infections, but the CDC says that may not be the true cause of the hepatitis outbreak. (businessinsider.com)
Sovaldi is used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, a viral disease that causes inflammation and severe damage to the liver. (newsweek.com)
There are several types of viral hepatitis infections, but the most common in the U.S. are hepatitis A, B and C. (times-standard.com)
Viral infections of the liver, such as hepatitis A, B and C can not only make you very ill, but can impair the ability of the liver to process medicines, as can liver damage caused by drug and alcohol use. (aidsmap.com)
Force screening for HCV is not currently performed during U.S. Air Force (USAF) Basic Military Training (BMT) although screening is completed for other viral infections (including HIV, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B). As a result, the true prevalence of chronic HCV infection cannot be ascertained in the basic trainee population. (health.mil)
Its primary role is to act as a key advisory body to the National Public Health Partnership through the Communicable Diseases Network Australia (CDNA) on policy, program, social issues and activities related to HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, sexually transmissible infections and related diseases. (health.gov.au)
Eliminating Hepatitis by 2030: HHS Releases New Strategic Plan In an effort to counteract alarming trends in rising hepatitis infections, the HHS has developed and released its Viral Hepatitis National Strategic Plan 2021-2025. (medscape.com)
Other problems to be considered in patients with possible hepatitis C virus infection include alcoholic liver disease, drug toxicities, and opportunistic infections associated with HIV infection. (medscape.com)
The number of new hepatitis B infections per 100 000 population in a given year is estimated from the prevalence of total antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen (Total anti-HBc) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive among children 5 years of age, adjusted for sampling design. (who.int)
Globally, an estimated 58 million people have chronic hepatitis C virus infection, with about 1.5 million new infections occurring per year. (roche.com)
Hepatitis C is one of the three viral infections that can affect the liver and its functions. (medicorx.com)
Although some people clear the virus from their bodies in a few months, most hepatitis C infections become chronic. (belgraveclinic.com)

Hepatitis antibodies can take weeks or months to develop. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Hepatitis B antibodies and/or antigens are found. (healthlinkbc.ca)
The test may also find hepatitis D antibodies, which means you have hepatitis D. This infection occurs only in people who are already infected with hepatitis B. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Antibodies will show up if hep. (educationindex.com)
FDA Approves Rapid Test for Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus. (medscape.com)
This test looks for the presence or absence of antibodies against hepatitis C (anti-HCV) in your blood. (dnafamilycheck.com)
Hepatitis C antibodies are generally detectable 8-11 weeks after an exposure to the virus. (dnafamilycheck.com)
An unimpressive 75.8% of the sample received the three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine, and a meager 27.0% was tested for hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs). (bvsalud.org)
Clinicians often make a diagnosis through serologic assays for hepatitis C antibodies, as well as via molecular tests for viral nucleic acids. (tajlifesciences.com)
This test relies on a qualitative measure of antibodies that are produced in response to the hepatitis C virus entering the body. (imghealthclinic.com)
A positive antibody test is obtained when antibodies against the hepatitis C virus are present in a person's blood. (imghealthclinic.com)
However, a reactive antibody test does not always mean that a person has hepatitis C. According to WebMD , 1 in 5 people with positive antibody test results don't actually have hepatitis C. One reason for this false-positive test result is that a person who has been exposed to the hepatitis C virus will have the circulating antibodies for a long time, even after the initial infection has been cleared. (imghealthclinic.com)
Sometimes, the testing kit mistakenly detects antibodies for other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, as antibodies against the hepatitis C virus. (imghealthclinic.com)
A non-reactive or negative anti-HCV antibody test means that a person does not have any circulating antibodies against the hepatitis C virus. (imghealthclinic.com)

HBV is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. (cdc.gov)
Left untreated, up to 25% of those with Hepatitis B develop serious liver disease, including cirrhosis, liver damage, and even liver cancer. (cdc.gov)
Long-term clinical and virological outcome after liver transplantation for cirrhosis caused by chronic delta hepatitis. (medscape.com)
A 28-year study of the course of hepatitis delta infection: a risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. (medscape.com)
Each year, approximately 5,000 persons in the United States die of cirrhosis of the liver related to hepatitis B, and another 1,500 die of liver cancer related to hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is the most common cause of liver cancer worldwide. (cdc.gov)
Ongoing alcohol use and heavy binge drinking can lead to additional health conditions, such as alcohol-induced hepatitis, cirrhosis, or even liver failure. (dhs.gov)
Hepatitis B virus is a substantial threat to global health, with 360 million people chronically infected and more than 500 000 deaths each year from fulminant hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. (bmj.com)
The drug, Mavyret, aims to treat hepatitis C genotypes 1 through 6 in previously untreated adults with or without mild cirrhosis, a type of liver disease, including patients with moderate to severe kidney disease and those on dialysis. (reuters.com)
If the infection is left untreated for many years, some people with hepatitis C will develop scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) . (nidirect.gov.uk)
Philadelphia, April 12, 2018 - Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (eurekalert.org)
People Who Died of Cirrhosis= Tags: cirrhosis, cause of death, liver, hepatitis C, alcohol abuse, jaundice, yellow skin, The liver weighs about 3 pounds and is the largest solid organ in the body. (geni.com)
Hepatitis C affects about 3.2 million Americans, killing more than 15,000 each year, mostly from illnesses such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. (nbcnews.com)
Affection of bone matrix density is a common complication of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis . (bvsalud.org)
The aim of this work is to assess the frequency of osteoporosis / osteopenia in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection with or without cirrhosis . (bvsalud.org)

The clinical diagnosis of acute HBV infection is based on signs or symptoms consistent with viral hepatitis and elevated hepatic transaminases and cannot be distinguished from other causes of acute hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
What are the symptoms of hepatitis B? (cdc.gov)
Most people who get hepatitis B do not have symptoms. (healthwisepreview.net)
Many people who have an acute hepatitis B infection don't have symptoms. (healthwisepreview.net)
Hepatitis A causes mild to severe illness in an estimated 1.4 million people per year, with a further 113 million people being infected but not developing symptoms. (who.int)
Although the disease is rarely fatal and patients that recover have a lifelong immunity, it can cause debilitating symptoms and in rarer cases deadly acute liver failure (fulminant hepatitis). (who.int)
Because hepatitis C often has few noticeable symptoms, the number of new cases is likely much higher than what is reported. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis C often has no symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Some persons with hepatitis A virus infection have no signs or symptoms of the disease . (rxlist.com)
Hepatitis C often doesn't have any noticeable symptoms until the liver has been significantly damaged. (nidirect.gov.uk)
The only way to know for certain if these symptoms are caused by hepatitis C is to get tested. (nidirect.gov.uk)
What are the symptoms of drug-induced hepatitis? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The symptoms of drug-induced hepatitis may look like other health problems. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Hepatitis symptoms tend to be similar from one virus type to another. (healthychildren.org)
However, many children infected with the hepatitis virus have few if any symptoms, meaning you might not even know that your child is sick. (healthychildren.org)
For example, among children infected with hepatitis A, only about 30% younger than 6 years have symptoms, and most of them are mild. (healthychildren.org)
Symptoms are more common in older children with hepatitis A, and they tend to last for several weeks. (healthychildren.org)
If your youngster has developed any of the symptoms associated with hepatitis, including jaundice, or if she has had contact with someone who has hepatitis (eg, in a child care center), call your pediatrician. (healthychildren.org)
Most patients with chronic hepatitis C are asymptomatic or may have nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue or malaise in the absence of hepatic synthetic dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Patients with ongoing pathology associated with chronic hepatitis C that eventually results in organ failure can present with symptoms and signs in the skin. (medscape.com)
You have symptoms of hepatitis. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Since many people with chronic hepatitis often don't have symptoms until serious liver damage has occurred, testing for chronic hepatitis is crucial. (times-standard.com)
This is because most people with chronic hepatitis infection generally have no outward symptoms early on and do not get tested. (times-standard.com)
Many people infected by this disease mistake it for the flu for its flu-like symptoms, or don't notice it at all because it's also possible to experience hepatitis with no symptoms at all. (educationindex.com)
The purpose of this study was to identify levels of stress, symptoms of depression, burden and coping strategies among caregivers of patients undergoing treatment for Hepatitis C at the Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo. (bvsalud.org)
It is also important for people who think that they may have Hep C to identify the illness in order to avoid contamination of others, and recognizing the signs and symptoms is the first step towards management. (medicorx.com)
Although many people who have Hepatitis C may not show any symptoms, or even feel sick, there are still indicators that present, especially as the disease progresses. (medicorx.com)
The rash and itching that is associated with symptoms for Hep C may look like an extreme case of dermatitis, although it is generally also accompanied by the joint pain and even mild jaundice. (medicorx.com)
While some people can be carrying Hepatitis C without showing any symptoms, other can exhibit mild to severe signs as listed above. (medicorx.com)
For people who are showing symptoms related to Hep C, or if there is a fear that infection may have occurred, it is vital to report this to a doctor and have the necessary blood tests and liver enzyme tests performed. (medicorx.com)
Clinical presentations of patients with acute hepatitis C are often variable, ranging from asymptomatic to mild, nonspecific symptoms. (tajlifesciences.com)

More information is available at CDC's Screening and Testing Recommendations for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection webpage. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease. (medscape.com)
Prevalence and epidemiology of hepatitis D among patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a report from Northern Spain. (medscape.com)
Hepatitis B virus infection can lead to severe illness, liver damage, and in some cases, death. (cdc.gov)
Live in the same house with someone who has lifelong hepatitis B virus infection. (cdc.gov)
In pregnant women, hepatitis E virus infection (HEV) has a higher case fatality rate. (who.int)
A vaccine to prevent hepatitis E virus infection has been developed and is licensed in China, but is not yet available elsewhere. (who.int)
Persons who have already completed the hepatitis A vaccine series are not at risk of developing hepatitis A virus infection from this potential exposure. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
Cholemic nephrosis from acute hepatitis E Virus infection: A forgotten entity? (indianjnephrol.org)
Nayak S, Sharma M, Kataria A, Tiwari S C, Rastogi A, Mukund A. Cholemic nephrosis from acute hepatitis E Virus infection: A forgotten entity? (indianjnephrol.org)
Hepatitis C virus infection is a multisystemic disease with many extrahepatic manifestations. (bvsalud.org)

In addition, NHANES provides the means to better define the epidemiology of other hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)
Viral hepatitis is a group of viruses (hepatitis A, B, C, the rarer type D, and E) that can cause both acute and chronic infection and inflammation of the liver. (who.int)
There are at least 5 hepatitis viruses. (healthychildren.org)
Common causes are the hepatitis A, B and C viruses, which can cause severe ill health. (aidsmap.com)
Types of Hepatitis Viruses And How They Affect On Your Liver Tissues! (healthwatchcenter.com)
The main reason for this disease is group of hepatitis viruses which cause liver damage. (healthwatchcenter.com)
Hepatitis viruses are from A to G and some other viruses include cytomegalovirus, Epstein - Barr virus, yellow fever, etc. (healthwatchcenter.com)
There are five main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. These five types are of greatest concern because of the burden of illness and death they cause and the potential for outbreaks and epidemic spread. (who.int)
Common modes of transmission for these viruses include receipt of contaminated blood or blood products, invasive medical procedures using contaminated equipment and for hepatitis B transmission from mother to baby at birth, from family member to child, and also by sexual contact. (who.int)
HCV is one of the three viruses that causes hepatitis. (dnafamilycheck.com)
There is a difference between hepatitis viruses and other viruses. (thefashioninfo.com)

The results from this study raise additional public health concerns about pork safety and the risk of hepatitis E infection. (nutritionfacts.org)
In the study, researchers followed a group of intravenous drug users at high risk of hepatitis C infection before and immediately after exposure to hepatitis C. The findings show the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C -- particularly in marginalized populations such as IDUs and aboriginal populations, the researchers said. (upi.com)
Conclusion The results show that the study sample is at sexual and occupational risk of hepatitis B infection. (bvsalud.org)

Hepatitis D viremia following orthotopic liver transplantation involves a typical HDV virion with a hepatitis B surface antigen envelope. (medscape.com)
Men and women who were seropositive only for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) had cumulative lifetime HCC rates of 27.38% and 7.99%, respectively. (pharmacytimes.com)
Hepatitis B surface antigen shows an active infection. (healthlinkbc.ca)
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among the general population and the risk factors associated with HBV infection in Anhui province, China. (biomedcentral.com)

This is called acute hepatitis B. (healthwisepreview.net)
For short-term (acute) hepatitis B, you may get a shot of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and the hepatitis B vaccine. (healthwisepreview.net)
In rare cases, acute hepatitis E can lead to acute liver failure (fulminant hepatitis) and death. (who.int)
In most cases, no specific therapy is given for acute hepatitis. (healthychildren.org)
Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection becomes chronic in 70% of patients, which represents a high rate of chronicity for a viral infection. (medscape.com)
Acute hepatitis lasts less than six months, whereas chronic hepatitis persists for longer periods, may be life long also. (healthwatchcenter.com)
Acute hepatitis C will progress to chronic infection in the majority of patients, and about two-thirds of those will develop chronic liver disease. (tajlifesciences.com)

Infection can be prevented by receiving the hepatitis A vaccine. (scdhec.gov)

coinfection increases the risk for fulminant hepatitis and rapidly progressive liver disease. (cdc.gov)
There was no reported case of fulminant hepatitis or death. (who.int)

For long-term (chronic) hepatitis B, you may get antiviral medicine. (healthwisepreview.net)
No specific treatment exists, although people who develop chronic hepatitis E benefit from antiviral treatment. (who.int)
A collaborative partnership between the UC San Diego Liver Center and Antiviral Research Center (AVRC) has resulted in 19 clinical trials for hepatitis C virus (HCV), focused on developing more effective and well-tolerated HCV treatments. (ucsd.edu)
The only approved treatment for hepatitis C is the antiviral drug pegylated interferon alpha. (upi.com)
Hepatocellular carcinoma in long-term sustained virological responders following antiviral combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat . (medscape.com)
People who test positive for hepatitis C should be treated with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medication. (roche.com)
Daily Dose: Universal DAA Therapy for all Persons with HCV "On January 6, 2023, we reported on a study published in the JAMA Internal Medicine that investigated and compared the risk of liver-related and nonliver complications as well as overall mortality between direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-treated and untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). (caringambassadors.org)
Hepatitis C is treated with antiviral medication. (caringmindsmedicalcenter.com)

Cite this: Hepatitis C: 5 Things to Know - Medscape - Jul 05, 2019. (medscape.com)
An outbreak of hepatitis A was declared in Aiken County on Feb. 13, 2019 and DHEC declared a statewide outbreak on May 13, 2019. (scdhec.gov)

Hepatitis A vaccine is used before exposure to hepatitis A virus for persons who are more likely to get the infection or are more likely to get seriously ill if they do get hepatitis A. Also called infectious hepatitis , epidemic jaundice. (rxlist.com)
A hepatitis infection is also associated with jaundice, a yellow discoloration of the skin and a yellowish color to the whites of the eyes. (healthychildren.org)

A safe and effective vaccine is available to prevent hepatitis A, which is a part of routine national children immunization programs in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Iraq. (who.int)
Getting vaccinated is the best way to prevent hepatitis A and B. (dhs.gov)
Because of this, the best way to prevent hepatitis C is to avoid injecting. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Condoms aren't usually necessary to prevent hepatitis C for long-term heterosexual couples. (nidirect.gov.uk)
A vaccine is available to prevent hepatitis A. (aidsmap.com)

The condition is caused by the hepatitis B virus. (healthwisepreview.net)
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver. (raisinghealthychildren.net)

Disease data source: 2021 estimates of hepatitis B virus disease burden. (cdc.gov)
In line with this global commitment, the WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia has developed a Regional Action Plan for Viral Hepatitis 2016-2021. (who.int)
The share of children immunized against hepatitis B in Estonia decreased by 6.8 percent of children (-7.52%) in 2021 in comparison to the previous year. (statista.com)
SPD 2021 Hep B Vaccine Response Varies in Some Pediatric Patients Although the vaccine series provides protection in most healthy individuals, a decreased response has been noted in some pediatric patients, including those with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. (medscape.com)

See information on how to obtain hepatitis B diagnostic support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Infectious Diseases Laboratories, including contact information, which samples to send, and how to send samples. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Know Hepatitis B campaign is the first national multilingual communications campaign to increase testing for Hepatitis B among Asian Americans. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is investigating a cluster of children identified with hepatitis and adenovirus infection. (cdc.gov)
For more information and resources on viral hepatitis, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. (dhs.gov)
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 90 percent of infected infants develop chronic hepatitis B, compared with only 2.6 percent of adults. (healthline.com)
An estimated 2.7 million to 3.9 million people in the United States have chronic hepatitis C infection, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (reuters.com)
We've included a few key facts about the most common types of virial hepatitis found in the United States, and where to find testing centers and vaccine providers. (apiahf.org)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 83,000 cases of hepatitis-A occur in the United States annually, with at least 5 percent of cases related to food-borne transmission. (marlerclark.com)
At this time, the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are not aware of any cases of hepatitis A related to consumption of the candy, according to the statement. (ajc.com)
The mysterious outbreak of pediatric hepatitis in very little kids has turned deadly in the US, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed on Friday. (businessinsider.com)
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (times-standard.com)
This Hepatitis Awareness Month, learn more about @Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's NEW hepatitis B screening and testing recommendations. (cdc.gov)

Reuters) - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Thursday approved AbbVie Inc's drug to treat certain adults with chronic hepatitis C. (reuters.com)
Hepatitis A can be transmitted by men (both adolescents and adults) who have sex with men. (rxlist.com)
Certain adults may be at higher risk for hepatitis A exposure including persons who use drugs and persons experiencing homelessness. (scdhec.gov)
This vaccine protects against hepatitis A for 25 years in adults and at least 14-20 years in children. (healthwatchcenter.com)
CDC recommends all adults through age 59 and adults age 60 or older with risk factors get vaccinated against hepatitis A and hepatitis B. If you are age 60 or older and do not have risk factors, you may choose to get vaccinated. (cdc.gov)
CDC recommends all adults get tested for hepatitis B and hepatitis C at least once in their lifetime and pregnant women get tested during each pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
The CDC now recommends one-time hepatitis C testing of all adults (18 years and older) and all pregnant women during every pregnancy. (roche.com)
Immunization programs should continue to focus on adults, and interventions should be taken to reduce risk factors associated with being infected with Hepatitis B. (biomedcentral.com)

5)‎ Support Member States in increasing community awareness regarding the prevention and control of hepatitis, involving the Goodwill Ambassador for Hepatitis in the South-East Asia Region. (who.int)
Recommendations have also been developed for the prevention and control of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)
Vials are stored under appropriate frozen (-30°C) conditions until they are shipped to Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention for testing. (cdc.gov)
Number of facilities that are allocated to viral hepatitis prevention, care and Yes able to offer serological able to offer nucleic acid treatment? (who.int)
As with Hepatitis A, prevention efforts focus on raising awareness and maintaining safe water, proper sanitation, and proper hygiene. (who.int)
Information on HIV and hepatitis C transmission and prevention, including STIs and safer sex, harm reduction, pregnancy and infant feeding, and microbicides and vaccines. (catie.ca)
1 2 After a call by the World Health Organization for the global introduction of vaccine prevention programmes by 1997, 3 82% of countries in the world had introduced universal hepatitis B immunisation by 2005, and at least 55% of the world's children are now receiving three doses of the vaccine. (bmj.com)
Screening and careful attention to infection control precautions are mandatory for dialysis units to prevent the spread of hepatitis C. Prevention of spread is particularly important in these patients because HCV infection is associated with significant worsening of survival on dialysis therapy, as well as after kidney transplantation. (nih.gov)
There are significant needs in both basic and clinical research in the pathogenesis, natural history, prevention, and therapy for hepatitis C in patients with renal disease. (nih.gov)
Where to go for the ABCs of viral hepatitis prevention? (cdc.gov)
According to press reports, there has been a sharp increase in hepatitis A cases in three Maine counties since February, according to a release sent out by the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Maine CDC) Friday morning. (about-hepatitis.com)

Most new cases of hepatitis C in the U.S. are due to injecting recreational drugs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In 2012 so far, Humboldt County has reported 239 previously unreported cases of chronic hepatitis C. Over the last 10 years, 2,855 local cases of hepatitis C infection have been reported. (times-standard.com)
The RCAHD is currently investigating nine cases of hepatitis A associated with this exposure. (about-hepatitis.com)

CDC has recommended that U.S. clinicians who encounter pediatric patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology to consider adenovirus testing and to report such cases to state public health authorities and CDC. (cdc.gov)
Most patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection do not have abnormal physical examination findings until they develop portal hypertension or decompensated liver disease. (medscape.com)
Gut Microbiota Differs in HCV Patients, Healthy Individuals "A better understanding on the gut microbiota for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) could help explain the evolution of liver disease. (caringambassadors.org)
Even with all the recognized risk factors, 10% of patients with hepatitis C have none, and many patients cannot determine an infection source. (tajlifesciences.com)

3)‎ Support and facilitate innovations in the diagnosis of hepatitis B and C, particularly laboratory support for testing and monitoring. (who.int)
With early diagnosis, however, modern treatments can cure hepatitis C and prevent liver damage. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The diagnosis of hepatitis A is confirmed by a blood test ( IgM anti- HAV). (rxlist.com)

Vaccines can prevent all types of viral hepatitis except for hepatitis C. Avoiding contact with infected blood is the only way to avoid contracting hepatitis C. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Immunoglobulin can be used to protect household contacts of someone with acute viral hepatitis , and by travelers who must depart for regions with poor sanitation and high hepatitis A rates before vaccines can take effect. (rxlist.com)
It is a boon for those who respond poorly for the current hepatitis B vaccines, including people with immunodeficiency, diabetes, elderly people and people with kidney disease. (medindia.net)
Despite the large degree of success in many vaccines, diseases such as AIDS, chronic hepatitis, and cancer still plague humans. (educationindex.com)
Both hepatitis A and hepatitis B are preventable with safe and effective vaccines, and hepatitis C is curable with prescribed treatment. (cdc.gov)

New epidemiology of hepatitis delta. (medscape.com)
Background information on HIV, hepatitis C and STIs in Canada, including basic information, statistics (epidemiology), provincial and national strategies to address HIV, hepatitis C and STIs, and social determinants of health. (catie.ca)

New immunization strategies have been developed to eliminate the spread of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
See also hepatitis A immunization . (rxlist.com)
In many countries, immunization against hepatitis B for children is highly recommended, to avoid a potentially serious disease. (statista.com)
The county is activating these response clinics to ensure any dining room patron who may have been exposed to hepatitis A can speak to qualified health care professionals about their chance of being infected and receive an immunization shot if necessary. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
1992 was also the year that the Ministry of Health recommended a nationwide hepatitis B routine immunization [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Hepatitis C is the most common blood-borne chronic viral infection in the United States, affecting between 2.7 million and 3.9 million people . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Hepatitis A is a short-term viral infection causing inflammation of the liver. (scdhec.gov)
It's commonly caused by a viral infection, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis. (geni.com)
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by a viral infection. (who.int)
Results: There were 160 patients who fulfilled the case definition criteria for hepatitis A, with 18 confirmed with Hepatitis A viral infection and 142 suspected clinical cases. (who.int)
Enlargement of the liver due to a viral infection is called viral hepatitis. (thefashioninfo.com)

Travel internationally to areas with a high prevalence of hepatitis B. (cdc.gov)

The word hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Hepatitis C is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the liver and can lead to diminished organ function or liver failure. (reuters.com)
Inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus ( HAV ). (rxlist.com)
Drug-induced hepatitis is a redness and swelling (inflammation) of the liver that is caused by a harmful (toxic) amount of certain medicines. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Hepatitis means "inflammation of the liver. (healthychildren.org)
Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver and is relatively common in people with HIV. (aidsmap.com)

Hepatitis B surface antibody shows the end of active infection and means you are protected against hepatitis B for life. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Hepatitis B core antibody shows that you have been infected with hepatitis B. It does not tell the difference between a past or present infection. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Hepatitis B core antibody IgM shows that a hepatitis B infection has occurred within the last 6 months. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Hepatitis B e-antibody shows a less active infection. (healthlinkbc.ca)
False-negative and false-positive results can arise in all kinds of blood tests used to diagnose hepatitis C, including the anti-HCV antibody test and the HCV RNA test. (imghealthclinic.com)
The two most common tests for diagnosing hepatitis C are the anti-HCV antibody test and the HCV RNA test. (imghealthclinic.com)
However, a negative antibody test result does not mean that you don't have hepatitis C. The testing kit usually returns false-negative results when testing is done during or before the window period. (imghealthclinic.com)
The HCV RNA test is much more sensitive and specific for hepatitis C than the anti-HCV antibody test. (imghealthclinic.com)

This outbreak coincided with a national hepatitis A outbreak that began in 2016. (scdhec.gov)
Food manufacturers and restaurants should voluntarily vaccinate their employees against hepatitis-A, according to attorneys from the Seattle-based law firm of Marler Clark following a recent hepatitis-A outbreak in Orlando, Fla. (marlerclark.com)
Marler Clark also represented the exposure victims of the Carl's Jr. hepatitis-A outbreak that occurred last year in Spokane. (marlerclark.com)
The vaccine used to treat hepatitis A is completely different from the immune globulin (IG) that most of you receive after an outbreak. (healthwatchcenter.com)
2016 Hepatitis A Linked to Frozen Strawberries, Tropical Smoothie Cafe - Several states, the CDC and the FDA investigated a multistate outbreak of foodborne hepatitis A linked to frozen strawberries imported from Egypt. (about-hepatitis.com)
1997 Multistate Outbreak of Hepatitis A Linked to A&W Frozen Strawberries - A large outbreak of hepatitis A was associated with the consumption of strawberries served at school. (about-hepatitis.com)
1990 Multistate Outbreak of Hepatitis A Linked Frozen Strawberries - Frozen strawberries that had been processed at a single plant were linked to outbreaks of hepatitis A. In Georgia, illnesses occurred among students and teachers at an elementary school. (about-hepatitis.com)
An outbreak investigation team was mobilized to collect and review evidence and confirm the existence of an outbreak of hepatitis A in order to advise appropriate public health interventions. (who.int)
Discussion: This is the first significant hepatitis A outbreak documented in Ba subdivision and possibly in Fiji. (who.int)

Well, we're up to hepatitis E virus now, and its mode of transmission was just figured out. (nutritionfacts.org)
Now the AAP is pushing for a renewed effort in preventing infant hepatitis B transmission, partially in response to the ongoing opioid epidemic. (healthline.com)
HAV is usually transmitted from person to person by food or drink that has been contaminated with the stool of a person with hepatitis A. This type of transmission is called " fecal - oral . (rxlist.com)
Transmission of hepatitis B involves contact with infected blood and body fluids, McKenzie said. (times-standard.com)
Hepatitis Awareness Month activities help to improve everyone's understanding of viral hepatitis transmission and risk factors and to decrease social stigma against viral hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
HCV/HIV co-infection, HCV viral load and mode of delivery: risk factors for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus? (medscape.com)
Transmission of hepatitis C virus from mothers to infants. (medscape.com)
The Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Collaborative Study Group. (medscape.com)
Digitally-colourised transmission electron micrograph (TEM) showing the presence of hepatitis B virions. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)

Hepatitis A cases began to increase in South Carolina in fall 2018. (scdhec.gov)
Consumers should not eat Bauer's Candies Modjeskas, an individually wrapped marshmallow candy dipped in chocolate or caramel, purchased after Nov. 14, 2018, because a worker in the facility tested positive for hepatitis A, the FDA said in a statement . (ajc.com)

Bean P. Latest discoveries on the infection and coinfection with hepatitis D virus. (medscape.com)
For years, researchers have theorized that coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV increased the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) more than either infection alone. (pharmacytimes.com)

2)‎ Focus on gaps in the hepatitis B birth dose coverage to ensure at least 95% coverage by 2020. (who.int)
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has announced a goal of cutting down the number of perinatal transmissions of hepatitis B by 2020. (healthline.com)

Spring Bank Pharmaceuticals has stopped the development of inarigivir soproxil to treat chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) after a patient died in its Phase IIb CATALYST trial. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)

Some of the newer DAAs appear to work well on all types of hepatitis C . (Each type of hep C is known as a genotype because of its different genetic makeup. (webmd.com)

Recently hepatitis A genotype 1B has been detected in Syria. (who.int)
While hepatitis E genotype 1 has been detected in Afghanistan, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Libya, Morocco and Sudan, both the hepatitis E genotype 1 and 2 were detected in Egypt amongst the Eastern Mediterranean Region countries. (who.int)
Genotype still optional for Co-infection with HIV and Hep B? (zoom.us)
Researchers in Germany report that viral genotype and load, as well as liver enzyme levels, are predictors for treatment outcomes in chronic hepatitis C. Their multicentre, retrospective investigation examined the data for 260 patients in Europe who were treated with pegylated interferon alfa, or with standard interferon. (i-base.info)
Abdoul H, Mallet V, Pol S, Fontanet A. Serum alpha-fetoprotein predicts treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C patients regardless of HCV genotype. (medscape.com)
Sofosbuvir and ribavirin in adolescents 12-17 years old with hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3 infection. (medscape.com)
The safety and effectiveness of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir in adolescents 12-17 years old with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. (medscape.com)

There are many ways to reduce your chances of getting hepatitis and developing any complications. (dhs.gov)
People with hepatitis A can normally expect to recover without any special treatment and severe complications are rare. (aidsmap.com)
Chronic hepatitis C is the most frequent reason for mortality associated with liver complications as well as the need for liver transplants. (tajlifesciences.com)

Chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C are leading causes of liver cancer in the United States. (cdc.gov)

As the COVID-19 pandemic began, and during the following months, South Carolina continued to see an increase in hepatitis A cases. (scdhec.gov)

It is estimated that 1 in 12 Asian Americans has Hepatitis B infection and as many as 2 in 3 people with Hepatitis B do not know they are infected. (cdc.gov)
About 66% of people with hepatitis B are unaware of their infection and about 40% of people living with hepatitis C do not know they are infected. (cdc.gov)
People born from 1945 through 1965 are 5x more likely to have Hepatitis C. While anyone can get Hepatitis C, more than 75% of people with Hepatitis C were born during these years. (cdc.gov)
South Dakota's new hepatitis C policy for incarcerated people, which is not yet final or public, will treat all people with hepatitis C for the virus, regardless of the stage of their infection, Corrections Secretary Kellie Wasko told STAT in an interview Monday. (caringambassadors.org)

There is currently no vaccine for hepatitis C. Avoiding contact with infected blood is the only way to prevent the condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
There's no vaccine for hepatitis C, but there are ways to reduce your risk of becoming infected. (nidirect.gov.uk)
Although there is no vaccine for hepatitis C, the best way to protect yourself would be by not sharing needles, wearing protective gloves and clothing when handling contaminated objects, and making sure instruments are sterilized before getting a tattoo, a piercing, or acupuncture. (educationindex.com)
There is a vaccine for hepatitis A. The vaccine normally requires two doses by injection. (aidsmap.com)
There is a vaccine for hepatitis B. (For more information, read our hepatitis B page. (aidsmap.com)

Because of this, anyone who has ever tested positive for hepatitis B cannot donate blood . (kidshealth.org)

Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to the immune complex syndromes of cryoglobulinemia and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). (nih.gov)
Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause significant morbidity to individuals due to inflammatory damage to the liver. (health.mil)

When immediate protection against hepatitis A infection is needed, immunoglobulin ( gamma globulin ) is used. (rxlist.com)
A complete course can usually provide long-term protection against hepatitis A. (aidsmap.com)
This vaccine provides protection for very long period and is generally given before you are exposed to hepatitis A. Often it is suggested for people who are at risk for infection and if you want to obtain immunity to hepatitis A. After taking the first dose of the vaccine, the protection against hepatitis A begins. (healthwatchcenter.com)

Hepatitis B testing al ows those with Hepatitis B to take steps to protect their health, including accessing care and starting treatment that can delay or reverse the effects of liver disease. (cdc.gov)
2)‎ Support Member States in ensuring access to quality drugs for the treatment of hepatitis C at affordable prices through sharing of information on pricing, and facilitating negotiations through the South-East Asia Regulatory Network. (who.int)
Bahcecioglu IH, Sahin A. Treatment of delta hepatitis: today and in the future - a review. (medscape.com)
Mavyret is the only 8-week duration treatment approved for all hepatitis C genotypes, the FDA said. (reuters.com)
A standard treatment for hepatitis C has a duration of 12-weeks or more. (reuters.com)
Treatment method depend on yr Hep B status, liver condition and yr age. (medhelp.org)
It means that 12 weeks or more after you stop treatment, tests can't find the hepatitis C virus in your blood. (webmd.com)
This is the goal of treatment for hepatitis C . (webmd.com)
If blood tests can't detect hep C 12 weeks or more after you finish treatment, in 99% of cases you'll stay free of the virus for the rest of your life. (webmd.com)
However, the hepatitis virus would attack any new liver so he urgently needed treatment before surgery to clear the virus from his bloodstream. (ox.ac.uk)
MONTREAL, Aug. 12 (UPI) -- Canadian researchers say patients who receive early treatment for hepatitis C within the first months following an infection, develop a rapid immune response. (upi.com)
The study, published in the Journal of Virology, said that early treatment can restore immune response against hepatitis C and help eliminate the virus rapidly. (upi.com)
Gilead Sciences Inc. received U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for its Epclusa hepatitis C combination drug and priced the treatment below its older drugs for the disease. (marketwatch.com)
Gilead GILD, -0.19% priced Epclusa lower than its older hepatitis C drugs, at $74,760 for a course of treatment before discounts, according to a company spokeswoman. (marketwatch.com)
With the advent of new oral therapies that are more specific to the hepatitis C virus (HCV), the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) published its updated guidelines for the treatment of HCV in the October 2011 issue of Hepatology. (pharmacytimes.com)
Treatment depends on how severe the hepatitis C is (webmd.com). (educationindex.com)
Prediction of treatment outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C: significance of baseline parameters and viral dynamics during therapy," was published in Hepatology (2003;37(3):600-609). (i-base.info)
Treatment Paradigm for Chronic HBV in Flux These days deciding when to stop targeted treatment for chronic hepatitis B is a bigger challenge than knowing when to start, Norah A. Terrault, MD, MPH, observed. (medscape.com)
EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C 2015. (medscape.com)
In some patients with Hep C, the treatment will result in a full removal of the virus from the person's system. (medicorx.com)
South Dakota plans major ramp-up of hepatitis C treatment in prison "WASHINGTON - The head of South Dakota prisons is pledging to dramatically overhaul how the system treats hepatitis C in the coming year. (caringambassadors.org)

Then we discovered hepatitis B, which is often sexually transmitted, and then we discovered hepatitis C, which we can get from IV drug use. (nutritionfacts.org)
Hepatitis B : a sexually transmitted disease in heterosexuals , proceedings of a symposium held in Barcelona, 6-7 May 1990 / editors, P. Piot and F. E. André. (who.int)
It is well-known that hepatitis A can be transmitted sexually or by blood. (peoplehype.com)

If you offer hepatitis testing to the public, register your testing services by visiting https://gettested.cdc.gov and fill out the online form . (cdc.gov)

These include autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis that occurs as a secondary result of medications, drugs, toxins, and alcohol. (geni.com)

A-B-and C, as they cause about ninety percent of acute (lasts less than six months) hepatitis cases in Canada. (educationindex.com)

Have sex with a person infected with hepatitis B virus. (cdc.gov)
Some persons infected with hepatitis B virus never fully recover and carry the virus for the rest of their lives. (cdc.gov)
Because these serious problems may not develop until many years after a person becomes infected with hepatitis B virus, those who have a lifelong infection should be evaluated periodically by a medical care provider. (cdc.gov)
Pregnant women who are infected with hepatitis B virus frequently transmit the disease to their babies. (cdc.gov)
All pregnant women should be tested early in pregnancy to determine if they are infected with hepatitis B virus. (cdc.gov)

If a person finds it difficult to stop, they can reduce the risk of contracting hepatitis C by never sharing drug equipment, ensuring a clean, hygienic environment, and always using new equipment, including syringes, ties, alcohol swabs, cottons, and cookers. (medicalnewstoday.com)

You may have been exposed to the hepatitis B virus. (healthlinkbc.ca)

All children aged 12 months to 18 years are recommended to get two doses of the hepatitis A vaccine. (scdhec.gov)

Number and percent of individuals in your Target Group who have ever completed the hepatitis B vaccine series (using either a 2 or 3 dose series depending on vaccine type) or who are immune to Hepatitis B. (ihs.gov)

The CDC says cases of the pediatric hepatitis spreading through Europe are now being investigated in 24 US states and Puerto Rico. (businessinsider.com)
FDA approves two hepatitis C drugs for pediatric patients. (medscape.com)
Peginterferon for chronic hepatitis C in children affects growth and body composition: Results from the pediatric study of hepatitis C (PEDS-C) Trial. (medscape.com)

Professor Ellie Barnes, Nils' consultant, was convinced that Sofosbuvir would eradicate the Hepatitis C virus from Nils' body and with his condition quickly deteriorating, she went directly to the maker, Gilead Sciences, to get it. (ox.ac.uk)

Posters designed to raise awareness about Hepatitis B and help partners promote testing events. (cdc.gov)
Did you know that May is Hepatitis Awareness Month? (apiahf.org)
The month of May is designated as Hepatitis Awareness Month in the United States, and May 19th is Hepatitis Testing Day. (cdc.gov)
Share these graphics and posts on social media to promote Hepatitis Awareness Month and National Hepatitis Testing Day. (cdc.gov)
This Hepatitis Awareness Month, learn more about CDC's NEW hepatitis B screening and testing recommendations. (cdc.gov)
This Hepatitis Awareness Month, check out and share CDC's NEW hepatitis B screening and testing recommendations. (cdc.gov)
The department of gastroenterology in collaboration with department of quality control and hospital infection control organised the awareness program, on 27th july in celbration of the hepatitis day (28th july). (bellevueclinic.com)

How Do You Treat Hepatitis C? (webmd.com)

The discovery of infectious hepatitis E virus in retail pork products may help explain the purported association between liver failure and pork consumption. (nutritionfacts.org)
This was the first report demonstrating that commercial pig livers from grocery stores contain infectious hepatitis E virus. (nutritionfacts.org)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, a common cause of acute infectious hepatitis with acute cholestasis, has been associated with renal manifestations such as acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and glomerulonephritis, but the current literature is scant on acute HEV infection causing cholemic nephrosis with AKI. (indianjnephrol.org)