Hepatitis b surface antigens. Medical search

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

A closely related group of antigens found in the plasma only during the infective phase of hepatitis B or in virulent chronic hepatitis B, probably indicating active virus replication; there are three subtypes which may exist in a complex with immunoglobulins G.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.

The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.

A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

A defective virus, containing particles of RNA nucleoprotein in virion-like form, present in patients with acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis. It requires the presence of a hepadnavirus for full replication. This is the lone species in the genus Deltavirus.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS D VIRUS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.

Uracil nucleotides which contain deoxyribose as the sugar moiety.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. They are used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of ulcerative stomatitis, leukorrhea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, metritis, and minor wounds.

Any of the viruses that cause inflammation of the liver. They include both DNA and RNA viruses as well viruses from humans and animals.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.

Antigens from any of the hepatitis viruses including surface, core, and other associated antigens.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS A ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS in conjunction with HEPATITIS B VIRUS and lasting six months or more.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A genus of PICORNAVIRIDAE causing infectious hepatitis naturally in humans and experimentally in other primates. It is transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water. HEPATITIS A VIRUS is the type species.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS A VIRUS such as the human hepatitis A virus (HEPATITIS A VIRUS, HUMAN).

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which immunoprecipitation occurs when antigen at the cathode is caused to migrate in an electric field through a suitable medium of diffusion against a stream of antibody migrating from the anode as a result of endosmotic flow.

A DNA virus that closely resembles human hepatitis B virus. It has been recovered from naturally infected ducks.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

A species in the genus HEPATOVIRUS containing one serotype and two strains: HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS and Simian hepatitis A virus causing hepatitis in humans (HEPATITIS A) and primates, respectively.

Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines derived from edible plants. Transgenic plants (PLANTS, TRANSGENIC) are used as recombinant protein production systems and the edible plant tissue functions as an oral vaccine.

The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses (PROVIRUSES) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, IONIZING RADIATION, ultraviolet light, and superinfecting viruses.

The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Pathological processes of the LIVER.

The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.

One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

The individuals employed by the hospital.

Radioimmunoassay of proteins using antibody coupled to an immunosorbent.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Inorganic derivatives of phosphorus trihydroxide (P(OH)3) and its tautomeric form dihydroxyphosphine oxide (HP=O(OH)2). Note that organic derivatives of phosphonic acids are listed under are ORGANOPHOSPHONATES.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Complement fixing hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with HBs antigen positive chronic disease. (1/2532)

One hundred and fifty-two biopsies from serologically HBsAg positive and negative patients with liver disease were studied in immunofluorescence: for the presence of the surface (HBs) and the core (HBc) antigenic determinants foeterminants of the hepatitis B virus, of immunoglobulins and complement (C) deposits, and for the capacity to fix human C. Circumstantial evidence is presented suggesting that HBc immune-complexes are a relevant feature in the establishment and progression of chronic HBSAg liver disease. C fixation by liver cells was shown in all HBC positive patients with chronic hepatitis; an active form was present in every case, except two with a persistent hepatitis, an inverse ratio of HBc to C binding fluorescence being noted between active chronic hepatitis and cirrhotic patients. HBc without C fixation was observed in only three patients in the incubation phase of infectious hepatitis. IgG deposits were often found in HBc containing, C fixing nuclei. No C binding or IgG deposits were observed in acute self-limited type B hepatitis, in serologically positive patients with normal liver or minimal histological lesions, with and without HBs cytoplasmic fluorescence in their biopsy, or in serologically negative individuals. (+info)

Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in white and black patients with diabetes mellitus. (2/2532)

The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) and antibody (anti-HBS) was determined in 531 white and 519 black diabetic outpatients and in appropriate white and black control populations. There was no difference between the prevalence of either HBSAg or anti-HBS in either the white or black diabetics and that in the white and black controls. These findings make it unlikely that the vast majority of patients with diabetes mellitus have either an increased susceptibility to infection by the hepatitis B virus or an impaired ability to clear the virus once they are infected. (+info)

A cellular protein which binds hepatitis B virus but not hepatitis B surface antigen. (3/2532)

The envelope of hepatitis B virus (HBV) consists of three related proteins known as the large (L), middle (M) and small (S) hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg). L-HBsAg has a 108-119 amino acid extension at the N terminus compared with M-HBsAg and contains the preS1 sequence of the HBV envelope. Previous research has identified this region as the likely virus attachment protein which is thought to interact with the cellular receptor for the virus. However, as the receptor has still not been identified unequivocally, we used the preS1 region of L-HBsAg to screen a human liver cDNA library by the yeast two-hybrid system. Several positive clones were isolated which encoded cellular proteins that interacted with the HBV preS1 protein. The specificity was examined in an independent manner in experiments in which baculovirus-derived glutathione S-transferase (GST)-preS1 was incubated with 35S-labelled protein expressed by in vitro translation from the positive clones. The intensity of the interactions using this alternative approach mirrored those observed in the yeast two-hybrid system and two proteins (an unidentified protein and a mitochondrial protein) were selected for further study. The specificity of the binding reaction between the preS1 protein and these two proteins was further confirmed in a competition assay; HBV purified from serum, but not purified HBsAg, was able to compete with preS1 and thus block GST-preS1 binding to the unidentified protein but not to the mitochondrial protein. The unidentified protein was then expressed as a fusion protein with GST and this was able to bind HBV virions in a direct manner. (+info)

Leucocyte migration inhibition with inner and outer membranes of mitochondria and insoluble hepatocyte surface membranes prepared from rat liver in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. (4/2532)

Patients with chronic liver disease were tested for delayed hypersensitivity to the outer and the inner membranes of mitochondria (OMM and IMM) and the insoluble hepatocyte-surface membranes (IHSM), prepared from rat livers, by means of leucocyte migration inhibition technique. Positive reaction to OMM was found in 37% of patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and 35% of those with chronic active hepatitis and 43% of those with liver cirrhosis (P less than 0-05). That to IMM was 55%, 43% and 36% (P less than 0-05) and to IHSM was 37%, 47% and 45% respectively (P less than 0-05). IHSM was found to contain liver-specific components and patients with positive response to IHSM did not reveal at all a positive reaction to rat renal cell-surface membranes. The incidence of positive response to IHSM was significantly higher (54-2%) in patients with the present or previous infection with HBAg than in HBAg-non-infected patients (21-4%) (P less than 0-05). And there seemed to be a good correlation between a degree of cellular response to purified HBsAg and that to IHSM in these HBAg-infected patients. No correlation, however, was found between that to purified HBsAg and that to OMM or IMM in the same patients. This suggested that the cellular response to either HBsAg or IHSM, both related closely, may play a role in the perpetuation of chronic liver disease. (+info)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-transgenic mice as an investigative tool to study immunopathology during HBV infection. (5/2532)

An overview is given regarding the use of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mice as an animal model of the HBV-carrier state. Initially, we show how HBV-transgenic mice have contributed insights into the immunopathobiological processes during HBV infection and later, we show how this new information from the experiments with HBV-transgenic mice could be used to develop new methods to combat HBV infection. By microinjecting the full or selected parts of the HBV-genome into the fertilized eggs of inbred mice, different laboratories have developed different lines of HBV-transgenic mice, which express products of the HBV genome and also show signs of HBV replication. Studies in HBV-transgenic mice have provided insights into the process of destruction of hepatocytes, the critical role of cytokines in controlling HBV replication and gene expression, mechanisms underlying the immune response defect in chronic HBV-carriers and the critical role of antigen presenting cells (APC), especially that of antigen presenting dendritic cells in persistent HBV infection. All this new information has given us a better understanding about HBV immunopathobiology, and has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches to combat HBV infection. (+info)

Low prevalence of hepatitis B markers among Mexican female sex workers. (6/2532)

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers in female sex workers (FSW) in Mexico City. METHODS: The study population consisted of 1498 FSW who attended a detection centre for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Mexico City, between January and October 1992. Study participants responded to a standardised questionnaire and provided a blood sample for serology of syphilis, HIV, and HBV. RESULTS: A total of 0.2% (95% CI 0.1-0.3) of the population were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. The general prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was 6.3% (95% CI 5.5-7.1). This marker of previous exposition to HBV, was independently associated by logistic regression multivariate analysis with age, working in the street, and history of blood transfusion (BT) before 1987 (OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.1-11.3). Syphilis prevalence was 7.6% (95% CI 6.2-8.9) and HIV prevalence was 0.1% (95% CI 0-0.3). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HBV infection in this group of Mexican FSW is lower than previously reported in other countries. In addition, the frequency of HBsAg carriers is similar to that in the general Mexican population. The absence of two major risk factors for HBV transmission in this group of FSW--that is, injecting drug use and anal intercourse, could help to explain this finding. However, the positive association between anti-HBc and history of blood transfusion demonstrated here, highlights the need to reinforce strict control of blood supplies in Mexico. (+info)

Intracellular retention of hepatitis B virus surface proteins reduces interleukin-2 augmentation after genetic immunizations. (7/2532)

We have previously shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigens (HBsAgs) are highly immunogenic after genetic immunization. Compared to the secreted middle HBV surface proteins (MHBs) or small HBV surface proteins (SHBs), the nonsecreted large HBV surface protein (LHBs), however, induced significantly weaker humoral and cellular immune responses that could not be augmented by genetic coimmunizations with cytokine expression plasmids. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we examined the effect of coimmunizations with an interleukin-2 (IL-2) DNA expression plasmid on the immunogenicity at the B- and T-cell level of nonsecreted wild-type LHBs, a secreted mutant LHBs, wild-type SHBs, and a nonsecreted mutant SHBs. Coimmunizations of mice with plasmids encoding wild-type SHBs or the secreted mutant LHBs and IL-2 increased anti-HBs responses, helper T-cell proliferative activity and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte killing. By contrast, coimmunizations of plasmids encoding wild-type LHBs or nonsecreted mutant SHBs and IL-2 had no significant effects on immune responses. Interestingly, mice immunized with cytokine expression plasmids 14 days after the injection of the wild-type LHBs plasmid showed augmented immune responses compared to animals simultaneously injected with both expression constructs. Anti-HBs responses in mice injected with plasmids encoding secreted forms of HBsAgs were detectable about 10 days earlier than those in mice immunized with plasmids encoding nonsecreted forms of HBsAgs. Based on these observations, we conclude that cytokines produced by DNA plasmids at the initial site of antigen presentation cannot augment LHBs specific immune responses because LHBs is not produced at high enough levels or is not accessible for uptake by antigen-presenting cells. (+info)

Analysis of the pre-S2 N- and O-linked glycans of the M surface protein from human hepatitis B virus. (8/2532)

The surface antigen of hepatitis B virus comprises a nested set of small (S), middle (M), and large (L) proteins, all of which are partially glycosylated in their S domains. The pre-S2 domain, present only in M and L proteins, is further N-glycosylated at Asn-4 exclusively in the M protein. Since the pre-S2 N-glycan appears to play a crucial role in the secretion of viral particles, the M protein may be considered as a potential target for antiviral therapy. For characterization of the pre-S2 glycosylation, pre-S2 (glyco)peptides were released from native, patient-derived hepatitis B virus subviral particles by tryptic digestion, separated from remaining particles, purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and identified by amino acid and N-terminal sequence analysis as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Pre-S2 N-glycans were characterized by anion exchange chromatography, methylation analysis, and on target sequential exoglycosidase digestions in combination with MALDI-TOF-MS, demonstrating the presence of partially sialylated diantennary complex-type oligosaccharides. In addition, the pre-S2 domain of M protein, but not that of L protein, was found to be partially O-glycosylated by a Gal(beta1-3)GalNAcalpha-, Neu5Ac(alpha2-3)Gal(beta1-3)GalNAcalpha-, or GalNAcalpha-residue. The respective O-glycosylation site was assigned to Thr-37 by digestion with carboxypeptidases in combination with MALDI-TOF-MS and by quadrupole time-of-flight electrospray mass spectrometry. Analytical data further revealed that about 90% of M protein is N-terminally acetylated. (+info)

Coleman, Paul F. (2017-02-17). "Detecting Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Mutants". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (2): 198-203. ... Breakthrough cases of Hepatitis B are primarily attributed to mutations in the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that make HBV surface ... Breakthrough infections of Hepatitis B and mumps are partially attributed to antigenic drift. Vaccines may fail to provide ... If B cell receptors bind to the antigen and FC receptors simultaneously bind to the maternal antibody, the FC receptors send a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_infection

Alipour, Elias (23 June 2013). "Gold nanoparticle based capacitive immunosensor for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen". ... The surface causes a red shift in the surface plasmon peak as compared to spherical gold nanoaprticles. Depending on the shape ... Hepatitis B Prepared AuNPs-Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA gene probes could be used to detect HBV DNA directly. The detection- ... have shown that the use of AuNPs of various size and surface charge plays an important role in its inhibitory effects. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_nanoparticles_in_chemotherapy

The coating, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), is not infectious; however, HBsAG can provoke an immune response. In order to ... Donald G. McNeil, Jr., April 26, 2012, Irving Millman Dies at 88; Worked to Stop Hepatitis B, The New York Times. His Hepatitis ... Millman's work with Baruch Blumberg helped lead to the creation of a test to detect hepatitis B. The test allowed blood banks ... Millman and Blumberg found that the blood of individuals who carried the hepatitis B virus contained particles of the outside ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Millman

"Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic banana plants". Planta. 222 (3): 484-493. doi:10.1007/s00425-005-1556-y ... Examples include the subunit vaccine against Hepatitis B virus that is composed of only the surface proteins of the virus ( ... Dendritic cell vaccines combine dendritic cells with antigens in order to present the antigens to the body's white blood cells ... hepatitis A, hepatitis B, polio, mumps, measles, rubella, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, HiB, chickenpox, rotavirus, influenza ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine

West, D. J.; Calandra, G. B. (1996). "Vaccine induced immunologic memory for hepatitis B surface antigen: implications for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine-naive

2011). "Evaluation of saliva specimens as an alternative sampling method to detect hepatitis B surface antigen". J. Clin. Lab. ... A 2011 study demonstrated that HBV surface antigen saliva testing using ELISA had a sensitivity and specificity of 93.6% and ... Hepatitis C has also been identified using salivary detection methods. Yaari, et al., reported in 2006 that saliva testing for ... May 2011). "Importance of the cutoff ratio for detecting antibodies against hepatitis A virus in oral fluids by enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva_testing

... (also known as the Australia antigen) is the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It indicates current ... "Positive hepatitis B surface antigen tests due to recent vaccination: a persistent problem". BMC Clinical Pathology. 12 (1): 15 ... These antigens are recognized by antibody proteins that bind specifically to one of these surface proteins. Today, these ... The viral envelope of an enveloped virus has different surface proteins from the rest of the virus which act as antigens. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBsAg

"The mannose receptor acts as hepatitis B virus surface antigen receptor mediating interaction with intrahepatic dendritic cells ... The cell surface receptor for insulin-like growth factor 2 also functions as a cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor ... "Genetic changes and expression of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor gene in human hepatitis B ... "Global profiling of the cell surface proteome of cancer cells uncovers an abundance of proteins with chaperone function". J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation-dependent_mannose-6-phosphate_receptor

"The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease". Neurobiology of Disease. 99: 133-144. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12. ... doi:10.1002/hep.23047. PMID 19610054. Piotrowski P, Lianeri M, Wudarski M, et al. (2010). "CD24 Ala57Val gene polymorphism and ... CD24 Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Mouse CD Antigen Chart Human CD Antigen ... Signal transducer CD24 also known as cluster of differentiation 24 or heat stable antigen CD24 (HSA) is a protein that in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD24

"Endocytosis of hepatitis B immune globulin into hepatocytes inhibits the secretion of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and ... Praetor A, Hunziker W (2002). "beta(2)-Microglobulin is important for cell surface expression and pH-dependent IgG binding of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FCGRT

... such as the hepatitis B surface antigen). They can generate TH and antibody responses, but not killer T cell responses. DNA ... "DNA-mediated immunization in a transgenic mouse model of the hepatitis B surface antigen chronic carrier state". Proc. Natl. ... "DNA vector constructs that prime hepatitis B surface antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte and antibody responses in mice ... Biological Activity of Vaccinia Virus Recombinants Expressing the Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen and the Herpes Simplex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_vaccination

... as well as recombinant proteins insulin and Hepatitis B surface antigen. Transgenic yeast are used to produce artemisinin, as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_fungi

Another first was the introduction of hepatitis B surface antigen testing, first described by Baruch Blumberg in 1965. ... Hepatitis B was a common cause of chronic liver disease in Iran, most particularly among haemophiliacs. In 1971, Ala organised ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fereydoun_Ala

... is an antigen that can be found on the surface of the nucleocapsid core (the inner most layer of the hepatitis B virus). ... HBcAg (core antigen) is a hepatitis B viral protein. It is an indicator of active viral replication; this means the person ... May 2003). "New enzyme immunoassay for detection of hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) and relation between levels of HBcAg ... "In vivo inhibition of anti-hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) immunoglobulin G production by HBcAg-specific CD4(+) Th1-type ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBcAg

... is also used as a stain in microscopy to visualize chromosomes, elastic fibers, Hepatitis B surface antigens, and copper ... "A modification of the aldehyde fuchsin and orcein stains for hepatitis B surface antigen in tissue and a proposed chemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orcein

"Role of surface promoter mutations in hepatitis B surface antigen production and secretion in occult hepatitis B virus ... "Study of cellular immune response against Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)". Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 18 (8): 587-594. doi:10.1111/j. ... doi:10.1002/hep.22493. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) Kumar, Amit; Panda, Subrat Kumar; Durgapal, Hemlata; ... He carried out extensive researches on various types of hepatitis virus such a B, C and E and elucidated the replication and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrat_Kumar_Panda

In 1970, Yvonne Cossart illustrated the relation between hepatitis and the Australia antigen, now known as the surface antigen ... of the hepatitis B virus. Several members of the Medical Research Club have received honours and prominent positions for their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Research_Club

The antibody's paratope interacts with the antigen's epitope. An antigen usually contains different epitopes along its surface ... while IgG is elevated in viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis and cirrhosis. Autoimmune disorders can often be traced to ... it can bind more than one antigen by binding identical epitopes carried on the surfaces of these antigens. By coating the ... Immature B cells, which have never been exposed to an antigen, express only the IgM isotype in a cell surface bound form. The B ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

2004). "Surface expression of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) can be increased by the preS1(21-47) sequence of hepatitis ... Moore PL, Ong S, Harrison TJ (2004). "Squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1-mediated binding of hepatitis B virus to hepatocytes ... Mino N, Iio A, Hamamoto K (1988). "Availability of tumor-antigen 4 as a marker of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and other ... 2000). "Co-expression of the squamous cell carcinoma antigens 1 and 2 in normal adult human tissues and squamous cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SERPINB3

In 1964, while studying "yellow jaundice" (hepatitis), he discovered a surface antigen for hepatitis B in the blood of an ... 3. The age of antigens and electronic microscopy" [History of hepatitis. 3. The age of antigens and electronic microscopy]. La ... a nonprofit organization dedicated to finding a cure for hepatitis B and improving the lives of those affected by hepatitis B ... Blumberg and his team were able to develop a screening test for the hepatitis B virus, to prevent its spread in blood donations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg

... tested positive for the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Intestinal parasites were also common. CBS 2014 Truong ... Bänffer 1982, p. 251 Bänffer & van Knapen 1982, p. 1395 Bänffer, JR (1982), "Markers of hepatitis B in a group of Vietnamese ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_the_Netherlands

Hepatitis B (HBV) provides a surface antigen HBsAG which in return is utilized by HDV to create a super infection resulting in ... "Hepatitis D Virus". web.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-01. "Hepatitis D: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology". 2017-11-20. ICTV ... Hepatitis D (HDV) was discovered in 1977 by an Mario Rizzetto and is unique from Hepatitis A, B, and C because it requires ... Hepatitis Delta Virus is found all over the globe but most Prevalent in Africa, the Middle East and Southern Italy Satellite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_(biology)

VLPs derived from the Hepatitis B virus and composed of the small HBV derived surface antigen (HBsAg) were described in 1968 ... Dual-surface-modified bacteriophage MS2 as an ideal scaffold for a viral capsid-based drug delivery system. Bioconjug. Chem. 18 ... Attaching proteins, nucleic acids, or small molecules to the VLP surface, such as for targeting a specific cell type or for ... VLPs were used to develop FDA-approved vaccines for Hepatitis B and human papillomavirus. More recently, VLPs were used to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like_particle

... which contains a form of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen that is produced in yeast cells. The development of the ... The genes used in this vaccine are usually antigen coding surface proteins from the pathogenic organism. They are then inserted ... An example is the hepatitis B vaccine, where Hepatitis B infection is controlled through the use of a recombinant vaccine, ... HIV Vaccine Glossary Vaccine information from Hepatitis B Foundation Archived 2011-06-28 at the Wayback Machine.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_vector_vaccine

In hepatitis B, siRNA silencing was used to target the surface antigen on the hepatitis B virus and led to a decrease in the ... Hammerhead, hairpin, and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme motifs are generally found in viruses or viroid RNAs. These ... In addition, siRNA techniques used in hepatitis C were able to lower the amount of the virus in the cell by 98%. RNA ... RNAi has been used to target genes in several viral diseases, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_silencing

RTS,S attempted to avoid these by fusing the protein with a surface antigen from hepatitis B, hence creating a more potent and ... The liver stage antigen 1 (LSA1), three from the erythrocytic stage (merozoite surface protein 1, serine repeat antigen and AMA ... When the Duffy binding protein (DBP) of P. vivax binds the Duffy antigen (DARC) on the surface of RBC, process for the parasite ... PfEMP1, one of the proteins known as variant surface antigens (VSAs) produced by Plasmodium falciparum, was found to be a key ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_vaccine

... structural antigens can be used for the priming of T-cells to induce humoral immune response against variable surface antigens ... Thus, the approach has also transferred well for the treatment of hepatitis B and HIV. One of the approaches for a protective ... In the case of HIV, T cells specific for the group specific antigen (Gag) are stimulated. For the second step a formulation of ... These particles contain Gag protein and HIV-Env surface protein. These particles can be recognized by B cells and subsequently ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrastructural_help

... may mean A sub-type of Hepatitis B virus surface antigen The National Rail code for Aberystwyth railway station, United ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AYW

The e antigen and vertical transmission of hepatitis B surface antigen. Am J Epidemiol 1977;105(2):94-98 Beasley RP, Hwang LY, ... Baruch Samuel Blumberg discovered a surface antigen for hepatitis B in the blood of an Australian aborigine and, together with ... Laboratories then developed a more sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay technique to detect the surface antigen of hepatitis ... "Hepatitis and Liver Cancer: A National Strategy for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis B and C" (PDF). Institute of Medicine, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._Palmer_Beasley

It has an outer coat containing three kinds of HBV envelope protein - large, medium, and small hepatitis B surface antigens - ... GB virus C Hepatitis A Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C Virus Hepatitis E, Hepatitis E Virus Makino S, ... This nuclear antigen was then thought to be a hepatitis B antigen and was called the delta antigen. Subsequent experiments in ... HDV recognizes its receptor via the N-terminal domain of the large hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg. Mapping by mutagenesis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D

Hepatitis B Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Maintain Functional Exhaustion after Antigen Reexposure in an Acute Activation Immune ... cell-surface marker），可以用以分离、鉴定不同亚群的T细胞[1]。 ... MR1 antigen presentation to mucosal-associated invariant T cells was highly conserved in evolution. Proceedings of the National ... An induced rebinding model of antigen discrimination. Trends Immunol. 2014, 35 (4): 153-8. PMC 3989030. PMID 24636916. doi: ...

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/T细胞

Their life cycle is thought to begin with a virion attaching to specific cell-surface receptors such as C-type lectins, DC-SIGN ... "First Antigen Rapid Test for Ebola through Emergency Assessment and Eligible for Procurement". World Health Organization (WHO ... and viral hepatitis among others.[104] ... a rapid antigen test which gives results in 15 minutes was ... patient waste and surfaces that may have come into contact with body fluids need to be disinfected.[111] During the 2014 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

"Chronic Hepatitis After Hepatitis E Virus Infection in a Patient With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Taking Rituximab" (PDF). Retrieved ... The antibody binds to the cell surface protein CD20. CD20 is widely expressed on B cells, from early pre-B cells to later in ... It increases MHC II and adhesion molecules LFA-1 and LFA-3 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen). ... Rituximab has been reported as a possible cofactor in a chronic Hepatitis E infection in a person with lymphoma. Hepatitis E ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituximab

"Large-scale candidate gene analysis of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus". J. Infect. Dis. 201 (9): 1371-80. doi ... "Expression of apolipoprotein C-IV is regulated by Ku antigen/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma complex and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_C4

... has been reported as a possible cofactor in a chronic Hepatitis E infection in a person with lymphoma. Hepatitis E ... The antibody binds to the cell surface protein CD20. CD20 is widely expressed on B cells, from early pre-B cells to later in ... It increases MHC II and adhesion molecules LFA-1 and LFA-3 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen). ... Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the protein CD20, which is primarily found on the surface of immune system ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituximab

They attach to the cell surfaces via specific receptors and are taken up by an endosomal vesicle. Inside the endosome, the ... Liver biopsy can verify inflammation and necrosis of hepatocytes and detect viral antigens. Because of the bleeding tendency of ... Mitchell misdiagnosed the disease that he observed and treated, and the disease was probably Weil's disease or hepatitis. See: ... ribavirin in reducing liver pathology in yellow fever virus infection may be similar to its activity in treatment of hepatitis ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever

The ability of the retrovirus to bind to its target host cell using specific cell-surface receptors is given by the surface ... Family Nackednaviridae - e.g. African cichlid nackednavirus (ACNDV), formerly named African cichlid hepatitis B virus (ACHBV).[ ... Group-specific antigen (gag) proteins are major components of the viral capsid, which are about 2000-4000 copies per virion. ... "Deciphering the Origin and Evolution of Hepatitis B Viruses by Means of a Family of Non-enveloped Fish Viruses". Cell Host & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SsRNA-RT_virus

The tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen (usually a protein or ... "Hepatitis C". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2013-04-25.. ... Solid culture: A solid surface is created using a mixture of nutrients, salts and agar. A single microbe on an agar plate can ... Some bacteria are able to form biofilms by adhering to surfaces on implanted devices such as catheters and prostheses and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_microbiology

Usually, a target cell line expressing a certain surface-exposed antigen is incubated with antibody specific for that antigen. ... whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies.[1] It is one of the mechanisms through which antibodies ... These receptors recognize and bind to the Fc portion of an antibody, such as IgG, which has bound to the surface of a pathogen- ... The most common Fc receptor on the surface of an NK cell is called CD16 or FcγRIII. Once the Fc receptor binds to the Fc region ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-dependent_cellular_cytotoxicity

1 - antigen. 2 - IgE antibody. 3 - FcεRI receptor. 4 - preformed mediators (histamine, proteases, chemokines, heparin). 5 - ... If later exposure to the same allergen occurs, the allergen can bind to the IgE molecules held on the surface of the mast cells ... IgE antibodies bind to a receptor on the surface of the protein, creating a tag, just as a virus or parasite becomes tagged. ... An allergen can enter the body by consuming a food containing the allergen, and can also be ingested by touching any surfaces ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy

CD4+ Th1 helper T cells recognize antigen in a complex with the MHC class II major histocompatibility complex on the surface of ... Schwann cell antigen. Neuritis, paralysis. Hashimoto's thyroiditis[1]. Thyroglobulin antigen. Hypothyroidism, hard goiter, ... Target antigen. Effects. Allergic contact dermatitis[1]. Environmental chemicals, like urushiol (from poison ivy and poison oak ... Myelin antigens (e.g., myelin basic protein). Myelin destruction, inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis[1]. Possibly collagen and/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_IV_delayed_hypersensitivity_reaction

... has a 10-40-fold preference for hemimethylated DNA and interacts with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).[51] ... genetically identical cells show heritable differences in the patterns of ciliary rows on their cell surface. Experimentally ... The Human Epigenome Project (HEP). *The Epigenome Network of Excellence (NoE). *Canadian Epigenetics, Environment and Health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetic

The Ro and La antigens are expressed on the surface of cells undergoing apoptosis and may cause the inflammation within the ... Typically, HEp-2 cells are used as a substrate to detect the antibodies in human serum. Microscope slides are coated with HEp-2 ... Extractable nuclear antigens[edit]. Extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) are a group of autoantigens that were originally ... they will bind to antigens within the HEp-2 cell nucleus. These antibodies can be visualised by subsequent incubation with anti ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-nuclear_antibody

... surface antigens-preS1, preS2, and S, the X protein and HBeAg. The X protein is thought to be non-structural. Its function and ... the first known hepatitis with a viral etiological agent was Hepatitis A, in the picornaviridae family. Hepatis B Virus (HBV) ... Endogenous hepatitis B virus genomes have been described in crocodilian, snake and turtle genomes.[7] This suggests that these ... Hepatitis viruses have been described in fish and amphibians also.[4] This suggests that this family has co evolved with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepadnaviridae

This relates to the presence of antigens on the cell's surface. After this process, the blood is stored, and within a short ... Blood is usually collected and tested for common or serious Blood-borne diseases including Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV. ... Surface electrostatic potential. The zeta potential is an electrochemical property of cell surfaces that is determined by the ... Approximately 25 of these membrane proteins carry the various blood group antigens, such as the A, B and Rh antigens, among ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cells

In the lymph nodes, DCs mince the engulfed pathogen and then express the pathogen clippings as antigen on their cell surface by ... Second, adjuvants may provide physical protection to antigens which grants the antigen a prolonged delivery. This means that ... or enhance antigen-specific immune responses when used in combination with specific vaccine antigens."[2] ... In immunology, an adjuvant is a substance that potentiates and/or modulates the immune responses to an antigen to improve them. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant

... any antibody produced against this antigen (which mimics the self-antigens) can also, in theory, bind to the host antigens, and ... conformations on the surface of a molecule for B cells and pre-processed peptide fragments of proteins for T cells. However, ... Molecular Mimicry - An exogenous antigen may share structural similarities with certain host antigens; thus, ... T-Cell-B-Cell discordance - A normal immune response is assumed to involve B and T cell responses to the same antigen, even if ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune

"A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. 1916.". Archives of Internal Medicine. 5 (5 ... The antibody will be targeted at a preferentially expressed protein in the tumour cells (known as a tumor antigen) or on cells ... viral hepatitis, immunosuppression and nutritional deficiency. The liver damage can consist of damage to liver cells, hepatic ... Donald Pinkel (August 1958). "The Use of Body Surface Area as a Criterion of Drug Dosage in Cancer Chemotherapy". Cancer Res. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapeutics

These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or ... A single bacterium will grow into a visible mound on the surface of the plate called a colony, which may be separated from ... For instance, for genotype 1 hepatitis C treated with Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b (brand ... For example, immunoassay A may detect the presence of a surface protein from a virus particle. Immunoassay B on the other hand ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

These rupture easily and they leave an ulcerated, painful surface.[41] These types often coexist in the same individual. Oral ... Antigens presented on MHC 1 molecules activates CD8+ T cells on keratinocytes or by encounters with activated CD4+ helper T ... Hepatitis C virus-associated diseases. *Autoimmune diseases. *Oral mucosal pathology. Hidden categories: *CS1 maint: Multiple ... Lichen planus may be categorized as affecting mucosal or cutaneous surfaces. *Cutaneous forms are those affecting the skin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupus_erythematosus–lichen_planus_overlap_syndrome

HLA-DQ is part of the MHC class II antigen-presenting receptor (also called the human leukocyte antigen) system and ... One locus, the LPP or lipoma-preferred partner gene, is involved in the adhesion of extracellular matrix to the cell surface, ... "Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae as unusual antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis". Minerva Gastroenterologica E Dietologica. 55 (1 ... Lactose intolerance may be present due to the decreased bowel surface and reduced production of lactase but typically resolves ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coeliac_disease

... which contains a form of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen that is produced in yeast cells. The development of the ... Hepatitis B infection is controlled through the use of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, ... Vaccine information from Hepatitis B Foundation. אינפקצית הפטיטיס B (צהבת) נמנעת על ידי שימוש בחיסון רקומביננטי להפטיטיס B, אשר ... for example HIV and hepatitis B. DrugBank entry. ... was an important and necessary development because hepatitis B ...

https://he.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/מיוחד:השוואה_ניידת/17067134

"Hepatitis B surface antigen in saliva, impetiginous lesions, and the environment in two remote Alaskan villages". Appl. Environ ... Main articles: Hepatitis B and Healthcare and the LGBT community § Hepatitis. Hepatitis B is a disease caused by hepatitis B ... "WHO , Hepatitis B".. *^ Petersen NJ, Barrett DH, Bond WW, Berquist KR, Favero MS, Bender TR, Maynard JE (1976). " ... Shapiro CN (1993). "Epidemiology of hepatitis B". Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 12 (5): 433-437. doi:10.1097/00006454-199305000- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men

... anti soluble liver antigen (SLA), liver-pancreas antigen (LP), and anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)) are of use, as is finding ... Anomalous presentation of MHC class II receptors on the surface of liver cells,[2] possibly due to genetic predisposition or ... doi:10.1002/hep.23584. PMID 20513004.. *^ a b Than NN, Jeffery HC, Oo YH (2016). "Autoimmune Hepatitis: Progress from Global ... "Autoimmune Hepatitis".. *^ Aizawa Y, Hokari A (2017). "Autoimmune hepatitis: current challenges and future prospects". Clin Exp ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_hepatitis

... each with different cell-surface antigens. Those cells are derived from each patient and display few if any antigens that are ... and hepatitis B vaccine, prevent those types of cancer. These vaccines are not further discussed in this article. Other cancers ... Tumor antigens have been divided into two categories: shared tumor antigens; and unique tumor antigens. Shared antigens are ... Escape loss variants (that target a single tumor antigen are likely to be less effective. Tumors are heterogeneous and antigen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_vaccine

Cossart and her group were focused on hepatitis B and were processing blood samples when they discovered a number of "false ... In addition, the shape of the virion is roughly spherical, with surface protrusions and canyons.[1][7] ... have been suggested acting as antigens for improving of vaccines. For pigs vaccine; inactivated live, monovalent combined, most ... To enter host cells, parvoviruses bind to a sialic acid-bearing cell surface receptor. Penetration into the cytoplasm is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvo

When memory helper T cells' CD4 receptors bind to the MHC class II molecules which are expressed on the surfaces of the target ... Unlike virtually all other mammals, humans and other primates do not make αGal, and in fact recognize it as an antigen.[12] ... An animal's exposure to the antigens of a different member of the same or similar species is allostimulation, and the tissue is ... In the living donor, such presentation of self antigens helped maintain self tolerance.) Thereupon, the T cell receptors (TCRs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_rejection

In close proximity to TBM, follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are localised in GC, which attach antigen material to their surface ... Monocytes isolated from whole blood of people with SLE show reduced expression of CD44 surface molecules involved in the uptake ... Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing and anti-extractable nuclear antigen (anti-ENA) form the mainstay of serologic testing for ... Also, apoptotic chromatin and nuclei may attach to the surfaces of follicular dendritic cells and make this material available ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus

... protein receptors that are typically expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. ... Autoimmune hepatitis. 14[4]. Primary Sjögren syndrome. 10[4]. Diabetes mellitus type 1. 5[4]. ... HLAs corresponding to MHC class II (DP, DM, DOA, DOB, DQ, and DR) present antigens from outside of the cell to T-lymphocytes. ... List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions. References[edit]. *^ Galbraith W, Wagner MC, Chao ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_leucocyte_antigen

Reactive Hepatitis B Surface Antigen will reflex to the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Confirmatory neutralization test for an ... Home : For health professionals : Refer a patient : Laboratory Services : Test Table : HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN ...

http://www.legacyhealth.org/for-health-professionals/refer-a-patient/laboratory-services/test-table/hepatitis-b-surface-antigen.aspx

Identification and Management of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)--Positive Persons. Persons with chronic hepatitis B virus ... obtain vaccination against hepatitis A if chronic liver disease is present (2). *When seeking medical or dental care, HBsAg- ... Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization ... Hepatitis B virus transmission between children in day care. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989;8:870--5. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5516a4.htm

Hepatitis b surface antigen definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation ... hepatitis b surface antigen in Medicine Expand. hepatitis B surface antigen n. Abbr. HBsAg An antigen of the small spherical ... and filamentous forms of hepatitis B antibodies that is also present on the Dane particle. ... Nearby words for hepatitis b surface antigen. * hepatitis a * hepatitis a virus ...

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/hepatitis-b-surface-antigen

Mouse monoclonal Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen antibody [HB12] validated for ELISA. Immunogen corresponding to recombinant ... Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen antibody [HB12]. See all Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen primary antibodies. ... Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection induces a disease state which manifests itself in a variety of ways, characterized by the ...

http://www.abcam.com/hepatitis-b-virus-surface-antigen-antibody-hb12-ab2039.html

The 55 codons upstream of the gene sequence encoding the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are called the pre-S(2) region. It ... Enhanced immunogenicity of the pre-S region of hepatitis B surface antigen ... Enhanced immunogenicity of the pre-S region of hepatitis B surface antigen ... Enhanced immunogenicity of the pre-S region of hepatitis B surface antigen ...

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/228/4704/1195?ijkey=fcdc4642e2544ae09a60b86c61dfafc220818ceb&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

21 CFR Part 660, Subpart A - Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen. *eCFR ...

https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/21/part-660/subpart-A

Mutations that occur within the immunodominant epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) allow mutant virus to propagate ... Hepatitis B viral mutants can emerge in patients as a result of selection pressure from either immune response or treatment ... of immunoassay reactivity with HBsAg mutants is key to establishing an appropriate testing algorithm for hepatitis B virus ... Detecting Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Mutants Paul F. Coleman*. Author affiliation: *Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/2/05-0038-f1

To explore the predictive value of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titer and transient elastography in screening for ... B surface antigen titer and transient elastography in screening for insignificant fibrosis in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis ... insignificant fibrosis in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Methods: We conducted a cross- ... We assessed the serum HBsAg level, serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level, HBV genotypes, liver ...

https://www.dovepress.com/serum-hepatitis-b-surface-antigen-titer-and-transient-elastography-in--peer-reviewed-article-TCRM

... ,, Previous Message , Next Message ,, From:. Nicola Falconer ,[email protected] ...

http://www.histosearch.com/histonet/May00/HepatitisBsurfaceantigeni.html

A Randomized Study in Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Patients Carrying Hepatitis B Surface Antigen. The safety and scientific validity ... or Treatment Against Hepatitis B Reactivation in Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Patients Carrying Hepatitis B Surface Antigen. ... Hepatitis. Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin. Hepatitis B. Neoplasms by Histologic Type. Neoplasms. Lymphoproliferative Disorders. ... Study end-points: The major end-point: hepatitis B reactivation in NHL patients---defined by higher than 10-fold increase of ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00201318

... and clinical studies related to all aspects of hepatitis. ... Hepatitis Research and Treatment is a peer-reviewed, Open ... Deficient Knowledge on Hepatitis B Infection in Pregnant Women and Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Carriage in an ... Hepatitis B infection is a major global health problem. Vertical transmission is the commonest route of spreading hepatitis B ... Hepatitis Research and Treatment. Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 317451, 8 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/317451. Review ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/heprt/2012/317451/abs/

Recombinant protein corresponding to full length hepatitis B virus surface antigen. (MAB1691) - Products - Abnova ... Mouse monoclonal antibody raised against full length recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen. ... Mouse monoclonal antibody raised against full length recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen. ... Hepatitis B virus surface antigen monoclonal antibody, clone 187. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen monoclonal antibody, clone ...

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The hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) is a key target molecule in developing vaccines and diagnostic systems. To date, ... Cost effective filamentous phage based immunization nanoparticles displaying a full-length hepatitis B virus surface antigen. ... "Cost Effective Filamentous Phage Based Immunization Nanoparticles Displaying a Full-length Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen." ... Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. In combating HBV ...

https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/18700

Download Free Full-Text of an article DETERMINATION OF ANTIBODY LEVELS TO HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (HBSAB) IN SHAHREKORD ... The purpose of this study was to determine antibody levels against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAb) in Shahrekord Hajar ... DETERMINATION OF ANTIBODY LEVELS TO HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (HBSAB) IN SHAHREKORD HAJAR HOSPITAL STAFFS, 2007-8. ... Background and aim: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the main causes of hepatitis and can lead to hepatic cirrhosis. Health ...

https://www.sid.ir/En/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=143734

HbS antigen. positive. hep e antigen.Negative.HBV DNA.Negative.I am on treatment with lumividine tab 100 mg/day for about 3 yrs ... I am diagnosed as Hep B carrier.My test reports: ... Hep B surface antigen positive. I am diagnosed as Hep B carrier ... I am diagnosed as Hep B carrier.My test reports:HbS antigen. positive. hep e antigen.Negative.HBV DNA.Negative.I am on ... liver ultrasound test normal.I wish to go abroad for a job and there Hep.B Surface antigen is tested.If one is positive, it is ...

http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Hepatitis-B/Hep-B-surface-antigen-positive/show/1308466

... gene of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Agrobacteriummediated transformation. Four different expression... ... Agrobacterium Edible vaccine Embryogenic cells Hepatitis B surface antigen Transgenic banana Abbreviations. ADS. Adenine ... Mason HS, Lam DMK, Arntzen CJ (1992) Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic plants. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 89: ... Rasthali (AAB) have been transformed with the s gene of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Agrobacterium mediated ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00425-005-1556-y

In contrast, B cells producing neutralizing antibodies against the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) have been studied in little ... Hepatitis B virus-specific (HBV-specific) T cells have been identified as main effector cells in HBV clearance. ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/124098/figure/1

Buy our Recombinant Hepatitis A Virus Surface Antigen protein. Ab68870 is an active protein fragment produced in Escherichia ... Recombinant Hepatitis A Virus Surface Antigen protein. See all Hepatitis A Virus Surface Antigen proteins and peptides. ... Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the causative agent of type A viral hepatitis, is spread by faecal-oral contact or ingestion of ... Microbiology Organism Virus RNA Virus ssRNA positive strand virus Hepatitis A/C/E/G ...

http://www.abcam.com/recombinant-hepatitis-a-virus-surface-antigen-protein-ab68870.html

Hepatitis B Diagnosis & Monitoring, Hepatitis B Prevention, Living with Hepatitis B Youve Lost the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ... B news Hepatitis B Outreach hepatitis B vaccine hepatitis C hepatitis D hepatocellular carcinoma HepB hep B Hep B Awareness Hep ... HBsAghepatitis B curehepatitis B surface antigenliver cancerRobert Gishsurface antibodies. Baruch S. Blumberg Institute. Search ... Tag Archives: hepatitis B surface antigen. Hepatitis B Diagnosis & Monitoring, Hepatitis B Treatment ...

https://www.hepb.org/blog/tag/hepatitis-b-surface-antigen/

A longitudinal follow-up of asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen-positive Chinese children.. Lok AS1, Lai CL. ... Fifty-one asymptomatic Chinese hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier children (34 boys, 17 girls), age 1 to 15 years ( ... At presentation, 43 (84%) children were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive; only two (7%) cleared HBeAg on follow-up. None ... In four of 12 instances, transient elevations in ALT levels were associated with a fall in serum hepatitis B virus DNA levels. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3417235?dopt=Abstract

IgG, IgM and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) containing immune complexes (IC) were detected by the Clq and conglutinin ... Hepatitis B surface antigen containing immune complexes occur in seronegative hepatocellular carcinoma patients.. Brown SE, ... by sensitive commercial assays and provides evidence of a further association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCC in antigen ... No differences were observed between the two patient groups either in the levels of antigen non-specific and HBsAg specific ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6199140?dopt=Abstract

PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN. The rate of positive results for hepatitis B surface antigen was 0.7% in our ... All blood samples positive for hepatitis B surface antigen were also tested for hepatitis B e antigen and its antibody (Abbott ... and hepatitis B surface antigen. The surface antigen was measured either by radioimmunoassay (Ausria II, Abbott Laboratories, ... Of the 705 women positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, 118 (16.7%) were positive for the e antigen. The rate of positive ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/311/7014/1197

... then the surface antigen can mean a chronic carrier state that is inactive due to no virus in her blood. Yes I would agree that ... If your wife is at risk for hepatitis B, ... hep B Surface Antigen Positive. Feb 4, 2006 My wife recently ... If your wife is at risk for hepatitis B, then the surface antigen can mean a chronic carrier state that is inactive due to no ... Yes I would agree that she should see a specialist to be certain that: 1. The hepatitis B surface antigen was confirmed. 2. To ...

http://www.thebody.com/Forums/AIDS/Hepatitis/Q171851.html

Browse our Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibody catalog backed by our Guarantee+. ... Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies available through Novus Biologicals. ... Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies. We offer Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies for use in common research applications ... Choose from our Hepatitis A Surface Antigen monoclonal antibodies.. Alternate Names for Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies ...

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Screening of Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen using a third generation technique.. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) ... Screening of Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen using a third generation technique. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) ... The profit to be gained by testing Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with a third generation ... Screening of Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen using a third generation technique. ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/291/6498/780

Hepatitis B surface antigen. Variable Name: LBDHBG SAS Label: Hepatitis B surface antigen. English Text: Hepatitis B surface ... they are coded negative for surface antigen if the test for surface antigen is negative or if the test for hepatitis B core ... Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody (HEPBD_G) Data File: HEPBD_G.xpt First Published: September ... The Hepatitis B surface antigen is tested only when the Hepatitis B core antibody test is positive. Participant results are ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2011-2012/HEPBD_G.htm

Hepatitis B surface antigen. Variable Name: LBDHBG. SAS Label: Hepatitis B surface antigen. English Text: Hepatitis B surface ... they are coded negative for surface antigen if the test for surface antigen is negative or if the test for hepatitis B core ... Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody (HEPBD_D) Data File: HEPBD_D.xpt First Published: February ... Hep B- The hepatitis B core antibody test is performed on all examinees 6 years old and older while the hepatitis B surface ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2005-2006/HEPBD_D.htm

Hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C and HIV antibodies in a low-risk blood donor group, Nigeria Egah, D.Z.; Banwat, E.B. ... Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibodies among blood donors in Alexandria, Egypt Wasfi, O.A ... Serum level of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen 6-8 years after hepatitis B vaccination at birth Kazemi, A.; Koosha, A.; ... were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen [‎HBsAg]‎ and anti-hepatitis C virus [‎HCV]‎ antibodies. A total of 119 donors [‎ ...

http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/137473

Hepatitis D Virus Infection Among Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Positive Individuals. The safety and scientific validity of ... Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is an incomplete RNA virus that needs hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to help its replication. HDV ... Hepatitis D Virus Infection Among Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Positive Individuals in Upper Egypt: Prevalence and ... Hepatitis D Virus Infection Among Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Positive Individuals ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04038372

Recommendations for the Management of Donor and Units that are Initially Reactive for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) ... Recommendations for the Management of Donor and Units that are Initially Reactive for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) ...

https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/recommendations-management-donor-and-units-are-initially-reactive-hepatitis-b-surface-antigen-hbsag

HBsAg is a serological marker produced on the surface of the hepatitis B virus and is one of the first disease state markers to ... HBsAg is the surface antigenof the Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV). The capsidof a virus has different surface proteins from the rest ... The antigen is a protein that binds specifically on one of these surface proteins. It is commonly referred to as the Australian ... Antigen.. Description. HBsAg is a serological marker produced on the surface of the hepatitis B virus and is one of the first ...

https://www.prospecbio.com/hbsag_antibody

ADVIA Centaur HBsAg Confirmatory assay-principle of antibody neutralization confirms presence of HBsAg in sample-Hepatitis B ...

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Kinetics of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Level in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients who Achieved Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss ... Response-guided peginterferon therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B using serum hepatitis B surface ... Early hepatitis B surface antigen decline predicts treatment response to entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B, ... Association Between Serum Level of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen at End of Entecavir Therapy and Risk of Relapse in E Antigen- ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.26436/abstract

Determinants of spontaneous surface antigen loss in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients with a low viral load†‡. ... Determinants of spontaneous surface antigen loss in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients with a low viral load. Hepatology, ... HEP_24615_sm_SuppTabs.doc. 51K. Supporting Table 1. Time-to-HBsAg loss in patients with different ranges of HBsAg levels. ... Viral Hepatitis. You have free access to this content. ... Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.24615/suppinfo

MicroRNA-581 promotes hepatitis B virus surface antigen expression by targeting Dicer and EDEM1.. [Yu-Qun Wang, Yong-Feng Ren, ... Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) is an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is downregulated ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/24913918

Hepatitis B Core Antigens - analysis Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - analysis Hepatitis B e Antigens - analysis Hepatitis C - ... Hepatitis B - complications - enzymology Hepatitis B Core Antigens - analysis Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - analysis Hepatitis ... Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - analysis Hepatitis C Hepatitis, Chronic - epidemiology - mortality Humans Russia Sex ... Hepatitis B - immunology Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - analysis Hepatitis C - immunology Hepatitis Delta Virus - immunology ...

https://arctichealth.org/en/list?q=topic%3A%22Hepatitis+B+Surface+Antigens+-+analysis%22&p=1&ps=&sort=title_sort+asc

The 55 codons upstream of the gene sequence encoding the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are called the pre-S(2) region. (sciencemag.org)
To explore the predictive value of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titer and transient elastography in screening for insignificant fibrosis in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. (dovepress.com)
We assessed the serum HBsAg level, serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level, HBV genotypes, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values by transient elastography, and histological fibrosis staging by METAVIR classification. (dovepress.com)
To test the effect of daily lamivudine (100 mg) in reducing the risk of HBV reactivation and hepatitis development in HBsAg (+) NHL patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) is a key target molecule in developing vaccines and diagnostic systems. (ku.edu)
For this purpose, the HBsAg coding gene was cloned into a pCANTAB5E phagemid vector and expressed on the surface of M13 filamentous phages. (ku.edu)
Proliferative responses to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). (nih.gov)
To assess the correlation between serum HBsAg titers and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels in patients with hepatitis B envelop antigen‐negative (HBeAg −ve) HBV genotype‐D (HBV/D) infection. (edu.sa)
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that all pregnant women be tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at an early prenatal visit during each pregnancy to detect active infection with HBV. (semanticscholar.org)
Mutations that occur within the immunodominant epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) allow mutant virus to propagate in the presence of a neutralizing immune response, while wild-type virus is reduced to undetectable levels. (cdc.gov)
An understanding of immunoassay reactivity with HBsAg mutants is key to establishing an appropriate testing algorithm for hepatitis B virus detection programs. (cdc.gov)
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by the presence of defective viral envelope proteins (hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg) and the duration of infection-most patients acquire the infection at birth or during the first years of life. (fluidigm.com)
Even though there were no hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, 0.6% of the women in this age group had antibodies to HB core antigen. (cmaj.ca)
The women might have experienced recent clearance of HBsAg from the blood after a bout of acute hepatitis, or they might have a chronic HBsAg carrier state. (cmaj.ca)
In early October Arrowhead's shares were decimated after it failed to achieve a 90% or greater reduction in HBsAg levels (the hepatitis B virus surface antigen). (fool.com)

Occult hepatitis B infections are becoming a major global threat, but the available data on its prevalence in various parts of the world are often divergent. (ajol.info)
This study reveals the 5.5% prevalence of occult hepatitis B among Malaysian blood donors as well as the reliability of using hepatitis B core antibody in screening for occult hepatitis B infection in low endemic, low socioeconomic settings. (ajol.info)

Study end-points: The major end-point: hepatitis B reactivation in NHL patients---defined by higher than 10-fold increase of serum HBV DNA level and/or reappearance of HBeAg in the serum during and within 6 months after chemotherapy. (clinicaltrials.gov)

A total of 1000 randomly selected hepatitis B surface antigen-negative sera from blood donors were tested for hepatitis B core antibody and hepatitis B surface antibody using an ELISA and nested polymerase chain reaction was done using primers specific to the surface gene (S-gene). (ajol.info)

Hepatitis B viral mutants can emerge in patients as a result of selection pressure from either immune response or treatment options. (cdc.gov)

BACKGROUND Post-exposure prophylaxis administered to infants shortly after birth prevents approximately 90% of cases of perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. (semanticscholar.org)

8%). During delivery of recommended hepatitis B vaccination services (e.g. (cdc.gov)
In addition to enhancing humoral responses to vaccination, we describe for the first time that CPG 7909 enhances cellular immunity to vaccine antigen in a typically hyporesponsive population. (nih.gov)
The serological data on 15- to 19-year-old women in British Columbia 7 years after hepatitis B (HB) vaccination, presented recently by Meenakshi Dawar and associates, 1 are intriguing. (cmaj.ca)
Dawar M, Patrick DM, Bigham M, Cook D, Krajden M, Ng H. Impact of universal preadolescent vaccination against hepatitis B on antenatal seroprevalence of hepatitis B markers in British Columbia women. (cmaj.ca)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. (ku.edu)
Background and aim: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the main causes of hepatitis and can lead to hepatic cirrhosis. (sid.ir)

Nested PCR results showed the presence of hepatitis B viral DNA in all the 55 samples that were positive for core protein, which is in agreement with the hepatitis B surface antibody result. (ajol.info)
Use of pre-s protein-containing hepatitis B virus surface antigens and" by J S. Yum, B C. Ahn et al. (usu.edu)

Persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at high risk for chronic liver disease and are a major reservoir of HBV infection. (cdc.gov)

It has been proposed that polypeptides of high molecular weight that contain the pre-S(2) region should be included in future hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines. (sciencemag.org)

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Testing Among Pregnant Women, United States 2014. (semanticscholar.org)

Unvaccinated sex partners and household and needle-sharing contacts should be tested for susceptibility to HBV infection (see Appendix A, Prevaccination Serologic Testing for Susceptibility) and should receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine immediately after collection of blood for serologic testing. (cdc.gov)
CpG increases vaccine antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity when administered with hepatitis B vaccine in HIV infection. (nih.gov)
We have previously demonstrated that CpG ODN co-administration with hepatitis B vaccine results in earlier, stronger and more sustained antibody responses to hepatitis B surface antigen in HIV infected individuals, and wished to determine if, in this population, helper T-cell responses were also enhanced. (nih.gov)
Participants received hepatitis B vaccine, with either placebo or CPG 7909 1.0 mg at week 0, 4 and 8. (nih.gov)
Of 36 patients enrolled, 18 received hepatitis B vaccine alone, and 18 received hepatitis B vaccine with CpG. (nih.gov)

To test the efficacy of daily lamivudine in preventing and treating hepatitis B reactivation and in circumventing hepatic failure and death. (clinicaltrials.gov)

These results demonstrate the potential use of a full-length antigen to be displayed on phages as cost effective adjuvant-free immunization agents as an alternative to the highly purified and more expensive antigens conjugated with carrier molecules. (ku.edu)

Vertical transmission is the commonest route of spreading hepatitis B virus (HBV) in many endemic areas. (hindawi.com)

Of the 1000 samples 55 (5.5%) were found to be reactive, of which 87.3% (48/55) were positive for hepatitis B surface antibody, indicating immunity as a result of previous infection however, that does not exclude active infection with escaped mutant HBV. (ajol.info)

Any low-level carriers could be tested for active viral replication by measuring levels of HB e antigen and HB viral DNA. (cmaj.ca)

This study aimed to detect occult hepatitis B virus in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative serum using anti-HBc as a marker of previous infection. (ajol.info)

Higher monoclonal antibody binding of 67.87% of the antigen was observed when it was expressed with a C-terminal ER retention signal. (springer.com)
Choose from our Hepatitis A Surface Antigen monoclonal antibodies. (novusbio.com)
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibody conjugate (mouse monoclonal anti-HBc) is then allowed to react with the remaining exposed HBcAg on the well surface. (cdc.gov)
Mouse monoclonal antibody raised against native hepatitis B virus surface antigen. (abnova.com)
Mouse monoclonal antibody raised against full length recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen. (abnova.com)

To determine the need for immunization of health workers with antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) as their only serologic marker of previous hepatitis B exposure, we studied the level, persistence, and immunologic specificity of isolated anti-HBs in 46 persons identified during screening for hepatitis B vaccine. (annals.org)
Although some persons with naturally acquired, isolated anti-HBs may be protected from hepatitis B, the immunologic specificity and protective value of anti-HBs, especially when levels are low, remain questionable. (annals.org)

We determined the serum level of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen [‎anti-HBsAg]‎ in 273 randomly selected 7-9-year-old schoolchildren from Zanjan City, Islamic Republic of Iran, who had been fully vaccinated against hepatitis B starting at birth. (who.int)
A boost in antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was defined as a fourfold rise in levels to ≥20 mIU/mL that was not accompanied by the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen or attributable to interim vaccination. (ovid.com)

This involves the reaction of anti-HBc in the sample with hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) coated wells. (cdc.gov)
The DNA is enclosed in a nucleocapsid, or core antigen (HBcAg), which is surrounded by a spherical envelope (surface antigen or HBsAg). (genetex.com)
Hepatitis B infection is normally diagnosed from serological tests that detect HBsAg but as the disease progresses this antigen may no longer be present in the blood and tests for HBcAg are used. (genetex.com)
We developed an immunogen to stimulate multivalent immunity against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigens (HBcAg). (ac.ir)
In addition, CD8 + T cell responses against HBcAg epitopes were primed by this chimeric HBV antigen. (ac.ir)

Each antibody is crafted with care according to rigorous protocols for immunogen design and preparation, presentation to host animal, and high-affinity purification against the antigen. (abgent.com)

so why should patients get this test and how will it help the millions of people around the world infected with hepatitis B? (hepb.org)
According to Quest Diagnostics, which created the test, measuring HBsAg levels better identifies which patients are at risk of hepatitis B reactivation. (hepb.org)
Hepatitis B surface antigen containing immune complexes occur in seronegative hepatocellular carcinoma patients. (nih.gov)
IgG, IgM and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) containing immune complexes (IC) were detected by the Clq and conglutinin solid phase assays in both HBsAg+ and HBsAg- groups of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (nih.gov)
The results show that HBsAg can occur in an IC form in the sera of patients classified as HBsAg- by sensitive commercial assays and provides evidence of a further association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCC in antigen negative patients. (nih.gov)
In Upper Egypt, data about the prevalence, clinical, laboratory and virological characters of Hepatitis D virus-infected patients is rare. (clinicaltrials.gov)
HBsAg is a serological marker produced on the surface of the hepatitis B virus and is one of the first disease state markers to be detected in the serum of patients infected with the hepatitis B virus. (prospecbio.com)
To explore the predictive value of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titer and transient elastography in screening for insignificant fibrosis in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. (dovepress.com)
The proportion of patients with clinically apparent hepatitis increased with age (P less than .01), ranging from 9.5% of infections in patients who were four years of age or less to 33.3% of infections in patients who were 30 years of age or older. (arctichealth.org)
Among patients who were four years of age or less when infected, 28.8% became chronic carriers of hepatitis B, as compared with 7.7% of those who were 30 years of age or older. (arctichealth.org)
The primary objective is to demonstrate the efficacy of combination therapy (Peg-IFN and adefovir or Peg-IFN and tenofovir) for inducing loss of HBsAg compared to no-treatment in HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B patients with low viral load. (clinicaltrials.gov)
A Randomized Prospective Open-label Trial for Comparing Combination Therapy Peg-Interferon Alfa-2a/Adefovir Dipivoxil and Peg-Interferon Alfa-2a/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Versus no Treatment in HBeAg Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Low Viral Load. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Study population: The study population will consist of 150 patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus with low viral load and HBeAg negativity. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Three groups, each consisting of 20 normal persons, 20HBsAg carriers, and 20 convalescent hepatitis B patients, were studied for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and leukocyte migration inhibition with purified HBsAg. (asm.org)
The antigen was eliminated rapidly by mounting of cell-mediated immune response detectable for a limited period, followed by antibody response in relatively few patients moore than 3 months after clearance of circulating HBsAg. (asm.org)
To test the effect of daily lamivudine (100 mg) in reducing the risk of HBV reactivation and hepatitis development in HBsAg (+) NHL patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Study end-points: The major end-point: hepatitis B reactivation in NHL patients---defined by higher than 10-fold increase of serum HBV DNA level and/or reappearance of HBeAg in the serum during and within 6 months after chemotherapy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
While such reactivation may be due to a variety of reasons, clinicians prescribing TNF-α inhibitors to HBsAg-positive patients should consider prophylactic antiviral therapy and close monitoring for any clinical or serological evidence of hepatitis. (springer.com)
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Serum Level Is Correlated with Fibrosis Severity in Treatment-Naïve, Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa)? (scirp.org)
HBsAg serum level (quantification) may be useful for managing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection patients. (scirp.org)
Hepatitis-B surface antigen and antibody in Black and White patients with venereal diseases. (bmj.com)
chronic active hepatitis and cirrhotic patients in the Pisa cohort are comparable to those HBeAg-negative patients classified as immune clearance phase in the Hannover cohort. (asm.org)
Hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and blood cells of hepatitis B surface antigen-negative hemodialysis patients and staff. (asnjournals.org)
Patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, as well as dialysis staff members, are at high risk of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). (asnjournals.org)
In the anti-HBs-negative patients, HBV DNA is, at the present time, the only means for diagnosing a past HBV hepatitis. (asnjournals.org)
Limited data suggest that stopping Nuc therapy may increase HBsAg loss rate in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients. (snfge.org)
Baseline and on-treatment clinical and viral features, treatment duration, consolidation duration, time to undetectable hepatitis B virus DNA, time to normal alanine aminotransferase, end-of-treatment HBsAg, and HBsAg log reduction were compared between patients with and without HBsAg seroclearance after end of treatment. (snfge.org)
Patients who are HBsAg positive develop chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and chronic active hepatitis (CAH). (mybiosource.com)
Patients may get an HLA-B27 antigen test to find the cause of joint swelling and pain. (reference.com)

A total of 1000 randomly selected hepatitis B surface antigen-negative sera from blood donors were tested for hepatitis B core antibody and hepatitis B surface antibody using an ELISA and nested polymerase chain reaction was done using primers specific to the surface gene (S-gene). (ajol.info)
This study reveals the 5.5% prevalence of occult hepatitis B among Malaysian blood donors as well as the reliability of using hepatitis B core antibody in screening for occult hepatitis B infection in low endemic, low socioeconomic settings. (ajol.info)

doi: 10.1002/hep.29640. (snfge.org)

Human leukocyte antigens help regulate the immune system, and their main role is to let the body tell the difference between normal cells and substances that it needs to attack, states MedlinePlus. (reference.com)
Conditions such as arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and inflammation of the sacroiliac joint may cause an increase in HLA-B27 and human leukocyte antigens, states MedlinePlus. (reference.com)

Home » Products » Health Beauty » Diagnosis Equipment » HBsAg Test Strip/Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Test In total 213268 number ofProductsinfo，Released today. (dahmw.org)

Overall, 79% of subjects showed evidence of past infection with hepatitis B virus with the highest prevalence among young people. (ajtmh.org)

Screening of Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen using a third generation technique. (bmj.com)
The profit to be gained by testing Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with a third generation technique instead of the currently used immunoelectrophoresis was investigated by additional screening of 48 750 blood units by radioimmunoassay three weeks after donation. (bmj.com)
Wantzin P , Nielsen J O , Tygstrup N , Soerensen H , Dybkjaer E . Screening of Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen using a third generation technique. (bmj.com)
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen - Test blood donors (HBsAg positive individuals are rejected). (walkinlab.com)
Conclusions: The prevalence of HCV infection in asymptomatic chronic carriers is higher than in blood donors but lower than previously reported for other populations of chronic hepatitis B cases. (actamedicaportuguesa.com)

The capsidof a virus has different surface proteins from the rest of the virus. (prospecbio.com)
The core antigen shares its sequences with the e antigen (HBeAg) but no cross reactivity between the two proteins has been observed. (genetex.com)
HBV has proteins called antigens on its surface that cause your immune system to make antibodies. (vidanthealth.com)

The expression levels of the antigen in the plants grown under in vitro conditions as well as the green house hardened plants were estimated by ELISA for all the four constructs. (springer.com)
We offer Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies for use in common research applications: ELISA, Radioimmunoassay. (novusbio.com)
ELISA procedures provide a means for routinely detecting antibodies to specific antigens. (cdc.gov)
The International Immunodiagnostics HDV Ab assay is a competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the determination of antibodies to Hepatitis D Virus or HDV in human plasma and sera with a 'two step" methodology. (cdc.gov)

And B-cells, so they don't generate the antibodies needed to destroy the viral antigens that make up the virus. (hepb.org)
A multilayering immunoenzyme PAP method made it possible to demonstrate viral antigens and distinguish histological details. (eurekamag.com)

Assay is a chemiluminescent immunoassay for the qualitative detection of hepatitis B surface antigen in human serum and plasma. (bloodworksnw.org)

Pregnant women who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen should be identified before delivery to prevent hepatitis B infection in their neonates by passive or active immunisation, or both. (bmj.com)
Of the 1000 samples 55 (5.5%) were found to be reactive, of which 87.3% (48/55) were positive for hepatitis B surface antibody, indicating immunity as a result of previous infection however, that does not exclude active infection with escaped mutant HBV. (ajol.info)

Prospective serological surveys of 1,280 seronegative Yupik Eskimos, performed between 1971 and 1976, identified 189 (14.8%) who developed serological evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. (arctichealth.org)

Fifty-one asymptomatic Chinese hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier children (34 boys, 17 girls), age 1 to 15 years (median: 10 years), were prospectively followed for up to 4 years (median: 30 months) to determine the natural evolution of clinical, biochemical and virological features during the early phase of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (nih.gov)
Twenty-six (13.8%) developed clinical hepatitis during the interval when seroconversion occurred. (arctichealth.org)
enables appropriate management to prevent newborn infants developing hepatitis B. See Clinical features and Epidemiology . (health.gov.au)

prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in large cities and rural area. (bmj.com)
To determine the prevalence of hepatitis D virus active infection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection among HBsAg positive individuals. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Yupik Eskimos of southwestern Alaska have the highest known prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection of any general population in the United States. (arctichealth.org)
Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatit. (who.int)
The age-specific prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody was studied in a random sample of Gilbert and Ellice islanders over the age of 10 years living in Nauru. (ajtmh.org)
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its risk factors, among individuals visiting Shashemene General Hospital VCT center. (biomedcentral.com)

four, six and sixteen weeks and plasma was analyzed for antibodies against hepatitis B by an enzyme linked immunoassay. (pda.org)

Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) is an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is downregulated during hepatocarcinogenesis. (sigmaaldrich.com)

In four of 12 instances, transient elevations in ALT levels were associated with a fall in serum hepatitis B virus DNA levels. (nih.gov)

The hepatitis B binding substance found in animals is not antibody, but appears to be a glycoprotein which reacted with antigen-coated beads and produced a "false positive" test for antibody. (asm.org)
This glycoprotein could be selectively and quantitatively removed by reaction with purified hepatitis B surface antigen and centrifugation. (asm.org)

Monospecific, reacts only with Hepatitis B virus. (genetex.com)

HLA-B27 is a human leukocyte antigen that helps the body differentiate its own cells from foreign substances. (reference.com)

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBs. (who.int)

If your wife is at risk for hepatitis B , then the surface antigen can mean a chronic carrier state that is inactive due to no virus in her blood. (thebody.com)

Normal results are negative or nonreactive, meaning that no hepatitis B surface antigen was found. (vidanthealth.com)

No serum HBsAg/hepatitis B surface antigen antibody (anti-HBs) immune complexes or mutations in the "a determinant of the S gene were found. (nih.gov)

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Complement fixing hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with HBs antigen positive chronic disease. (1/2532)

Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in white and black patients with diabetes mellitus. (2/2532)

A cellular protein which binds hepatitis B virus but not hepatitis B surface antigen. (3/2532)

Leucocyte migration inhibition with inner and outer membranes of mitochondria and insoluble hepatocyte surface membranes prepared from rat liver in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. (4/2532)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-transgenic mice as an investigative tool to study immunopathology during HBV infection. (5/2532)

Low prevalence of hepatitis B markers among Mexican female sex workers. (6/2532)

Intracellular retention of hepatitis B virus surface proteins reduces interleukin-2 augmentation after genetic immunizations. (7/2532)

Analysis of the pre-S2 N- and O-linked glycans of the M surface protein from human hepatitis B virus. (8/2532)

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis B Antibodies

Hepatitis B Vaccines

Hepatitis B Antigens

Hepatitis B Core Antigens

Hepatitis B, Chronic

Hepatitis B e Antigens

Hepatitis C

Carrier State

Hepatitis A

Antigens, Surface

DNA, Viral

Viral Hepatitis Vaccines

Hepatitis, Viral, Human

Hepatitis

Hepatitis D

Blood Donors

Hepatitis Antibodies

Lamivudine

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Hepatitis C Antibodies

Liver Neoplasms

Antiviral Agents

Hepatitis Delta Virus

Seroepidemiologic Studies

Hepatitis, Chronic

Antigens

Liver Cirrhosis

Hepatitis delta Antigens

Alanine Transaminase

Deoxyuracil Nucleotides

Antibodies, Viral

Epitopes

Alum Compounds

Hepatitis Viruses

Radioimmunoassay

Hepacivirus

Hepatitis Antigens

Vaccines, Synthetic

Liver

Hepatitis A Antibodies

Prevalence

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Pan troglodytes

Vaccination

Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical

Hepatitis D, Chronic

Molecular Sequence Data

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Hepatovirus

Hemagglutination Tests

Hepatitis A Antigens

Immunization

Antigens, Viral

Immunoassay

Antigens, Bacterial

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis

Hepatitis B Virus, Duck

Immunoglobulin G

Hepatitis A virus

Vaccines, DNA

Antibody Formation

Antigens, Neoplasm

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Vaccines, Edible

Virus Activation

Liver Transplantation

Amino Acid Sequence

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Taiwan

Base Sequence

Liver Diseases

Blood Transfusion

Antigen-Antibody Complex

Organophosphonates

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Immunoglobulins

Immunoglobulin M