Hepatitis b surface antigens. Medical search

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

A closely related group of antigens found in the plasma only during the infective phase of hepatitis B or in virulent chronic hepatitis B, probably indicating active virus replication; there are three subtypes which may exist in a complex with immunoglobulins G.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.

The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.

A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

A defective virus, containing particles of RNA nucleoprotein in virion-like form, present in patients with acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis. It requires the presence of a hepadnavirus for full replication. This is the lone species in the genus Deltavirus.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS D VIRUS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. They are used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of ulcerative stomatitis, leukorrhea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, metritis, and minor wounds.

Any of the viruses that cause inflammation of the liver. They include both DNA and RNA viruses as well viruses from humans and animals.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.

Antigens from any of the hepatitis viruses including surface, core, and other associated antigens.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS A ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS in conjunction with HEPATITIS B VIRUS and lasting six months or more.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A genus of PICORNAVIRIDAE causing infectious hepatitis naturally in humans and experimentally in other primates. It is transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water. HEPATITIS A VIRUS is the type species.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS A VIRUS such as the human hepatitis A virus (HEPATITIS A VIRUS, HUMAN).

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which immunoprecipitation occurs when antigen at the cathode is caused to migrate in an electric field through a suitable medium of diffusion against a stream of antibody migrating from the anode as a result of endosmotic flow.

A DNA virus that closely resembles human hepatitis B virus. It has been recovered from naturally infected ducks.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

A species in the genus HEPATOVIRUS containing one serotype and two strains: HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS and Simian hepatitis A virus causing hepatitis in humans (HEPATITIS A) and primates, respectively.

Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines derived from edible plants. Transgenic plants (PLANTS, TRANSGENIC) are used as recombinant protein production systems and the edible plant tissue functions as an oral vaccine.

The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses (PROVIRUSES) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, IONIZING RADIATION, ultraviolet light, and superinfecting viruses.

The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Pathological processes of the LIVER.

The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.

One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

The individuals employed by the hospital.

Radioimmunoassay of proteins using antibody coupled to an immunosorbent.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Inorganic derivatives of phosphorus trihydroxide (P(OH)3) and its tautomeric form dihydroxyphosphine oxide (HP=O(OH)2). Note that organic derivatives of phosphonic acids are listed under are ORGANOPHOSPHONATES.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)

Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HEPATITIS A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.

Transmembrane proteins that form the beta subunits of the HLA-DP antigens.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.

Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE), an enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template.

Simultaneous infection of a host organism by two or more pathogens. In virology, coinfection commonly refers to simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more different viruses.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

A positive-stranded RNA virus species in the genus HEPEVIRUS, causing enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (HEPATITIS E).

Schedule giving optimum times usually for primary and/or secondary immunization.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.

A strain of HEPATITIS A VIRUS which causes hepatitis in humans. The virus replicates in hepatocytes and is presumed to reach the intestine via the bile duct. Transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.

Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.

Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.

Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected.

Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES. Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

An ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS causing chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in woodchucks. It closely resembles the human hepatitis B virus.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.

A group of the D-related HLA antigens (human) found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

The first alpha-globulins to appear in mammalian sera during FETAL DEVELOPMENT and the dominant serum proteins in early embryonic life.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Any immunization following a primary immunization and involving exposure to the same or a closely related antigen.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

The sexual attraction or relationship between members of the same SEX.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.

A genus of Sciuridae consisting of 14 species. They are shortlegged, burrowing rodents which hibernate in winter.

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

Individuals supplying living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.

A country in northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula Its capital is Cairo.

Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic molecules.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Antigens of the virions of HEPACIVIRUS, their surface, core, or other associated antigens.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Organized services to administer immunization procedures in the prevention of various diseases. The programs are made available over a wide range of sites: schools, hospitals, public health agencies, voluntary health agencies, etc. They are administered to an equally wide range of population groups or on various administrative levels: community, municipal, state, national, international.

Unique genetically-controlled determinants present on ANTIBODIES whose specificity is limited to a single group of proteins (e.g., another antibody molecule or an individual myeloma protein). The idiotype appears to represent the antigenicity of the antigen-binding site of the antibody and to be genetically codetermined with it. The idiotypic determinants have been precisely located to the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of both immunoglobin polypeptide chains.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

A cultured line of C3H mouse FIBROBLASTS that do not adhere to one another and do not express CADHERINS.

A species of the CORONAVIRUS genus causing hepatitis in mice. Four strains have been identified as MHV 1, MHV 2, MHV 3, and MHV 4 (also known as MHV-JHM, which is neurotropic and causes disseminated encephalomyelitis with demyelination as well as focal liver necrosis).

Complement fixing hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with HBs antigen positive chronic disease. (1/2532)

One hundred and fifty-two biopsies from serologically HBsAg positive and negative patients with liver disease were studied in immunofluorescence: for the presence of the surface (HBs) and the core (HBc) antigenic determinants foeterminants of the hepatitis B virus, of immunoglobulins and complement (C) deposits, and for the capacity to fix human C. Circumstantial evidence is presented suggesting that HBc immune-complexes are a relevant feature in the establishment and progression of chronic HBSAg liver disease. C fixation by liver cells was shown in all HBC positive patients with chronic hepatitis; an active form was present in every case, except two with a persistent hepatitis, an inverse ratio of HBc to C binding fluorescence being noted between active chronic hepatitis and cirrhotic patients. HBc without C fixation was observed in only three patients in the incubation phase of infectious hepatitis. IgG deposits were often found in HBc containing, C fixing nuclei. No C binding or IgG deposits were observed in acute self-limited type B hepatitis, in serologically positive patients with normal liver or minimal histological lesions, with and without HBs cytoplasmic fluorescence in their biopsy, or in serologically negative individuals. (+info)

Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in white and black patients with diabetes mellitus. (2/2532)

The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) and antibody (anti-HBS) was determined in 531 white and 519 black diabetic outpatients and in appropriate white and black control populations. There was no difference between the prevalence of either HBSAg or anti-HBS in either the white or black diabetics and that in the white and black controls. These findings make it unlikely that the vast majority of patients with diabetes mellitus have either an increased susceptibility to infection by the hepatitis B virus or an impaired ability to clear the virus once they are infected. (+info)

A cellular protein which binds hepatitis B virus but not hepatitis B surface antigen. (3/2532)

The envelope of hepatitis B virus (HBV) consists of three related proteins known as the large (L), middle (M) and small (S) hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg). L-HBsAg has a 108-119 amino acid extension at the N terminus compared with M-HBsAg and contains the preS1 sequence of the HBV envelope. Previous research has identified this region as the likely virus attachment protein which is thought to interact with the cellular receptor for the virus. However, as the receptor has still not been identified unequivocally, we used the preS1 region of L-HBsAg to screen a human liver cDNA library by the yeast two-hybrid system. Several positive clones were isolated which encoded cellular proteins that interacted with the HBV preS1 protein. The specificity was examined in an independent manner in experiments in which baculovirus-derived glutathione S-transferase (GST)-preS1 was incubated with 35S-labelled protein expressed by in vitro translation from the positive clones. The intensity of the interactions using this alternative approach mirrored those observed in the yeast two-hybrid system and two proteins (an unidentified protein and a mitochondrial protein) were selected for further study. The specificity of the binding reaction between the preS1 protein and these two proteins was further confirmed in a competition assay; HBV purified from serum, but not purified HBsAg, was able to compete with preS1 and thus block GST-preS1 binding to the unidentified protein but not to the mitochondrial protein. The unidentified protein was then expressed as a fusion protein with GST and this was able to bind HBV virions in a direct manner. (+info)

Leucocyte migration inhibition with inner and outer membranes of mitochondria and insoluble hepatocyte surface membranes prepared from rat liver in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. (4/2532)

Patients with chronic liver disease were tested for delayed hypersensitivity to the outer and the inner membranes of mitochondria (OMM and IMM) and the insoluble hepatocyte-surface membranes (IHSM), prepared from rat livers, by means of leucocyte migration inhibition technique. Positive reaction to OMM was found in 37% of patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and 35% of those with chronic active hepatitis and 43% of those with liver cirrhosis (P less than 0-05). That to IMM was 55%, 43% and 36% (P less than 0-05) and to IHSM was 37%, 47% and 45% respectively (P less than 0-05). IHSM was found to contain liver-specific components and patients with positive response to IHSM did not reveal at all a positive reaction to rat renal cell-surface membranes. The incidence of positive response to IHSM was significantly higher (54-2%) in patients with the present or previous infection with HBAg than in HBAg-non-infected patients (21-4%) (P less than 0-05). And there seemed to be a good correlation between a degree of cellular response to purified HBsAg and that to IHSM in these HBAg-infected patients. No correlation, however, was found between that to purified HBsAg and that to OMM or IMM in the same patients. This suggested that the cellular response to either HBsAg or IHSM, both related closely, may play a role in the perpetuation of chronic liver disease. (+info)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-transgenic mice as an investigative tool to study immunopathology during HBV infection. (5/2532)

An overview is given regarding the use of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mice as an animal model of the HBV-carrier state. Initially, we show how HBV-transgenic mice have contributed insights into the immunopathobiological processes during HBV infection and later, we show how this new information from the experiments with HBV-transgenic mice could be used to develop new methods to combat HBV infection. By microinjecting the full or selected parts of the HBV-genome into the fertilized eggs of inbred mice, different laboratories have developed different lines of HBV-transgenic mice, which express products of the HBV genome and also show signs of HBV replication. Studies in HBV-transgenic mice have provided insights into the process of destruction of hepatocytes, the critical role of cytokines in controlling HBV replication and gene expression, mechanisms underlying the immune response defect in chronic HBV-carriers and the critical role of antigen presenting cells (APC), especially that of antigen presenting dendritic cells in persistent HBV infection. All this new information has given us a better understanding about HBV immunopathobiology, and has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches to combat HBV infection. (+info)

Low prevalence of hepatitis B markers among Mexican female sex workers. (6/2532)

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers in female sex workers (FSW) in Mexico City. METHODS: The study population consisted of 1498 FSW who attended a detection centre for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Mexico City, between January and October 1992. Study participants responded to a standardised questionnaire and provided a blood sample for serology of syphilis, HIV, and HBV. RESULTS: A total of 0.2% (95% CI 0.1-0.3) of the population were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. The general prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was 6.3% (95% CI 5.5-7.1). This marker of previous exposition to HBV, was independently associated by logistic regression multivariate analysis with age, working in the street, and history of blood transfusion (BT) before 1987 (OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.1-11.3). Syphilis prevalence was 7.6% (95% CI 6.2-8.9) and HIV prevalence was 0.1% (95% CI 0-0.3). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HBV infection in this group of Mexican FSW is lower than previously reported in other countries. In addition, the frequency of HBsAg carriers is similar to that in the general Mexican population. The absence of two major risk factors for HBV transmission in this group of FSW--that is, injecting drug use and anal intercourse, could help to explain this finding. However, the positive association between anti-HBc and history of blood transfusion demonstrated here, highlights the need to reinforce strict control of blood supplies in Mexico. (+info)

Intracellular retention of hepatitis B virus surface proteins reduces interleukin-2 augmentation after genetic immunizations. (7/2532)

We have previously shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigens (HBsAgs) are highly immunogenic after genetic immunization. Compared to the secreted middle HBV surface proteins (MHBs) or small HBV surface proteins (SHBs), the nonsecreted large HBV surface protein (LHBs), however, induced significantly weaker humoral and cellular immune responses that could not be augmented by genetic coimmunizations with cytokine expression plasmids. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we examined the effect of coimmunizations with an interleukin-2 (IL-2) DNA expression plasmid on the immunogenicity at the B- and T-cell level of nonsecreted wild-type LHBs, a secreted mutant LHBs, wild-type SHBs, and a nonsecreted mutant SHBs. Coimmunizations of mice with plasmids encoding wild-type SHBs or the secreted mutant LHBs and IL-2 increased anti-HBs responses, helper T-cell proliferative activity and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte killing. By contrast, coimmunizations of plasmids encoding wild-type LHBs or nonsecreted mutant SHBs and IL-2 had no significant effects on immune responses. Interestingly, mice immunized with cytokine expression plasmids 14 days after the injection of the wild-type LHBs plasmid showed augmented immune responses compared to animals simultaneously injected with both expression constructs. Anti-HBs responses in mice injected with plasmids encoding secreted forms of HBsAgs were detectable about 10 days earlier than those in mice immunized with plasmids encoding nonsecreted forms of HBsAgs. Based on these observations, we conclude that cytokines produced by DNA plasmids at the initial site of antigen presentation cannot augment LHBs specific immune responses because LHBs is not produced at high enough levels or is not accessible for uptake by antigen-presenting cells. (+info)

Analysis of the pre-S2 N- and O-linked glycans of the M surface protein from human hepatitis B virus. (8/2532)

The surface antigen of hepatitis B virus comprises a nested set of small (S), middle (M), and large (L) proteins, all of which are partially glycosylated in their S domains. The pre-S2 domain, present only in M and L proteins, is further N-glycosylated at Asn-4 exclusively in the M protein. Since the pre-S2 N-glycan appears to play a crucial role in the secretion of viral particles, the M protein may be considered as a potential target for antiviral therapy. For characterization of the pre-S2 glycosylation, pre-S2 (glyco)peptides were released from native, patient-derived hepatitis B virus subviral particles by tryptic digestion, separated from remaining particles, purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and identified by amino acid and N-terminal sequence analysis as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Pre-S2 N-glycans were characterized by anion exchange chromatography, methylation analysis, and on target sequential exoglycosidase digestions in combination with MALDI-TOF-MS, demonstrating the presence of partially sialylated diantennary complex-type oligosaccharides. In addition, the pre-S2 domain of M protein, but not that of L protein, was found to be partially O-glycosylated by a Gal(beta1-3)GalNAcalpha-, Neu5Ac(alpha2-3)Gal(beta1-3)GalNAcalpha-, or GalNAcalpha-residue. The respective O-glycosylation site was assigned to Thr-37 by digestion with carboxypeptidases in combination with MALDI-TOF-MS and by quadrupole time-of-flight electrospray mass spectrometry. Analytical data further revealed that about 90% of M protein is N-terminally acetylated. (+info)

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http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Hepatitis-B/Hep-B-surface-antigen-positive/show/1308466

... gene of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Agrobacteriummediated transformation. Four different expression... ... Agrobacterium Edible vaccine Embryogenic cells Hepatitis B surface antigen Transgenic banana Abbreviations. ADS. Adenine ... Mason HS, Lam DMK, Arntzen CJ (1992) Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic plants. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 89: ... Rasthali (AAB) have been transformed with the s gene of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Agrobacterium mediated ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00425-005-1556-y

Identification and Management of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)--Positive Persons. Persons with chronic hepatitis B virus ... obtain vaccination against hepatitis A if chronic liver disease is present (2). *When seeking medical or dental care, HBsAg- ... Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization ... Hepatitis B virus transmission between children in day care. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989;8:870--5. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5516a4.htm

Hepatitis b surface antigen definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation ... hepatitis b surface antigen in Medicine Expand. hepatitis B surface antigen n. Abbr. HBsAg An antigen of the small spherical ... and filamentous forms of hepatitis B antibodies that is also present on the Dane particle. ... Nearby words for hepatitis b surface antigen. * hepatitis a * hepatitis a virus ...

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In contrast, B cells producing neutralizing antibodies against the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) have been studied in little ... Hepatitis B virus-specific (HBV-specific) T cells have been identified as main effector cells in HBV clearance. ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/124098/figure/1

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A longitudinal follow-up of asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen-positive Chinese children.. Lok AS1, Lai CL. ... Fifty-one asymptomatic Chinese hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier children (34 boys, 17 girls), age 1 to 15 years ( ... At presentation, 43 (84%) children were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive; only two (7%) cleared HBeAg on follow-up. None ... In four of 12 instances, transient elevations in ALT levels were associated with a fall in serum hepatitis B virus DNA levels. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3417235?dopt=Abstract

IgG, IgM and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) containing immune complexes (IC) were detected by the Clq and conglutinin ... Hepatitis B surface antigen containing immune complexes occur in seronegative hepatocellular carcinoma patients.. Brown SE, ... by sensitive commercial assays and provides evidence of a further association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCC in antigen ... No differences were observed between the two patient groups either in the levels of antigen non-specific and HBsAg specific ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6199140?dopt=Abstract

PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN. The rate of positive results for hepatitis B surface antigen was 0.7% in our ... All blood samples positive for hepatitis B surface antigen were also tested for hepatitis B e antigen and its antibody (Abbott ... and hepatitis B surface antigen. The surface antigen was measured either by radioimmunoassay (Ausria II, Abbott Laboratories, ... Of the 705 women positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, 118 (16.7%) were positive for the e antigen. The rate of positive ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/311/7014/1197

... then the surface antigen can mean a chronic carrier state that is inactive due to no virus in her blood. Yes I would agree that ... If your wife is at risk for hepatitis B, ... hep B Surface Antigen Positive. Feb 4, 2006 My wife recently ... If your wife is at risk for hepatitis B, then the surface antigen can mean a chronic carrier state that is inactive due to no ... Yes I would agree that she should see a specialist to be certain that: 1. The hepatitis B surface antigen was confirmed. 2. To ...

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Screening of Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen using a third generation technique.. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) ... Screening of Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen using a third generation technique. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) ... The profit to be gained by testing Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with a third generation ... Screening of Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen using a third generation technique. ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/291/6498/780

Hepatitis B surface antigen. Variable Name: LBDHBG SAS Label: Hepatitis B surface antigen. English Text: Hepatitis B surface ... they are coded negative for surface antigen if the test for surface antigen is negative or if the test for hepatitis B core ... Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody (HEPBD_G) Data File: HEPBD_G.xpt First Published: September ... The Hepatitis B surface antigen is tested only when the Hepatitis B core antibody test is positive. Participant results are ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2011-2012/HEPBD_G.htm

Hepatitis B surface antigen. Variable Name: LBDHBG. SAS Label: Hepatitis B surface antigen. English Text: Hepatitis B surface ... they are coded negative for surface antigen if the test for surface antigen is negative or if the test for hepatitis B core ... Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody (HEPBD_D) Data File: HEPBD_D.xpt First Published: February ... Hep B- The hepatitis B core antibody test is performed on all examinees 6 years old and older while the hepatitis B surface ...

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Hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C and HIV antibodies in a low-risk blood donor group, Nigeria Egah, D.Z.; Banwat, E.B. ... Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibodies among blood donors in Alexandria, Egypt Wasfi, O.A ... Serum level of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen 6-8 years after hepatitis B vaccination at birth Kazemi, A.; Koosha, A.; ... were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen [‎HBsAg]‎ and anti-hepatitis C virus [‎HCV]‎ antibodies. A total of 119 donors [‎ ...

http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/137473

The 55 codons upstream of the gene sequence encoding the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are called the pre-S(2) region. It ... Enhanced immunogenicity of the pre-S region of hepatitis B surface antigen ... Enhanced immunogenicity of the pre-S region of hepatitis B surface antigen ... Enhanced immunogenicity of the pre-S region of hepatitis B surface antigen ...

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/228/4704/1195?ijkey=fcdc4642e2544ae09a60b86c61dfafc220818ceb&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

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Hepatitis D Virus Infection Among Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Positive Individuals. The safety and scientific validity of ... Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is an incomplete RNA virus that needs hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to help its replication. HDV ... Hepatitis D Virus Infection Among Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Positive Individuals in Upper Egypt: Prevalence and ... Hepatitis D Virus Infection Among Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Positive Individuals ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04038372

Recommendations for the Management of Donor and Units that are Initially Reactive for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) ... Recommendations for the Management of Donor and Units that are Initially Reactive for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) ...

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Detecting Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Mutants On This Page Mechanism of HBV Mutant Generation Surface Antigen Structure Surface ... of hepatitis B surface antigen epitopes present on variants and specifically recognized by anti-hepatitis B surface antigen ... Surface Antigen Structure. The translational products of the surface antigen gene consist of 3 proteins that have different ... Carman W, van Deursen F, Mimms L, Hardie D, Coppola R, Decker R, The prevalence of surface antigen variants of hepatitis B ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/2/05-0038

HBsAg is a serological marker produced on the surface of the hepatitis B virus and is one of the first disease state markers to ... HBsAg is the surface antigenof the Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV). The capsidof a virus has different surface proteins from the rest ... The antigen is a protein that binds specifically on one of these surface proteins. It is commonly referred to as the Australian ... Antigen.. Description. HBsAg is a serological marker produced on the surface of the hepatitis B virus and is one of the first ...

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HBsAg is the surface antigenof the Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV). The capsidof a virus has different surface proteins from the rest ... The antigen is a protein that binds specifically on one of these surface proteins. It is commonly referred to as the Australian ... Antigen. Description. HbsAg subtype adw2 produced in E.Coli, is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 226 ...

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Requalification Method for Reentry of Donors Who Test Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Positive Following a Recent ... Requalification Method for Reentry of Donors Who Test Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Positive Following a Recent ... method or process for the reentry of deferred donors who test repeatedly reactive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), ... confirmed positive by neutralization, following a recent vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and who are not ...

https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/requalification-method-reentry-donors-who-test-hepatitis-b-surface-antigen-hbsag-positive-following

Kinetics of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Level in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients who Achieved Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss ... Response-guided peginterferon therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B using serum hepatitis B surface ... Early hepatitis B surface antigen decline predicts treatment response to entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B, ... Association Between Serum Level of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen at End of Entecavir Therapy and Risk of Relapse in E Antigen- ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.26436/abstract

Determinants of spontaneous surface antigen loss in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients with a low viral load†‡. ... Determinants of spontaneous surface antigen loss in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients with a low viral load. Hepatology, ... HEP_24615_sm_SuppTabs.doc. 51K. Supporting Table 1. Time-to-HBsAg loss in patients with different ranges of HBsAg levels. ... Viral Hepatitis. You have free access to this content. ... Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.24615/suppinfo

To explore the predictive value of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titer and transient elastography in screening for ... B surface antigen titer and transient elastography in screening for insignificant fibrosis in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis ... insignificant fibrosis in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Methods: We conducted a cross- ... We assessed the serum HBsAg level, serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level, HBV genotypes, liver ...

https://www.dovepress.com/serum-hepatitis-b-surface-antigen-titer-and-transient-elastography-in--peer-reviewed-article-TCRM

Rasthali (AAB) have been transformed with the ' s ' gene of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Agrobacterium mediated transformation. (springer.com)
In contrast, B cells producing neutralizing antibodies against the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) have been studied in little detail, mainly due to methodical limitations. (jci.org)
HBsAg, the protein that makes up the surface of the virus, is what labs look for in a blood sample to determine if a person is currently infected with hepatitis B. (hepb.org)
The strange thing about HBsAg, is that each hepatitis B virus requires only about 100 HBsAg molecules to provide its envelope protein, but the virus produces about 100- to 1 million-times more HBsAg than is needed, leaving millions of HBsAg circulating in the bloodstream," explained Timothy Block, president of the Hepatitis B Foundation and the Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, the foundation's research arm. (hepb.org)
Bottom line: A low or undetectable HBsAg level means patients are winning the war against hepatitis B and their risk of liver damage is greatly reduced. (hepb.org)
According to Quest Diagnostics, which created the test, measuring HBsAg levels better identifies which patients are at risk of hepatitis B reactivation. (hepb.org)
Fifty-one asymptomatic Chinese hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier children (34 boys, 17 girls), age 1 to 15 years (median: 10 years), were prospectively followed for up to 4 years (median: 30 months) to determine the natural evolution of clinical, biochemical and virological features during the early phase of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (nih.gov)
IgG, IgM and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) containing immune complexes (IC) were detected by the Clq and conglutinin solid phase assays in both HBsAg+ and HBsAg- groups of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (nih.gov)
No differences were observed between the two patient groups either in the levels of antigen non-specific and HBsAg specific complexes or in the immunoglobulin isotype in the complexes. (nih.gov)
The results show that HBsAg can occur in an IC form in the sera of patients classified as HBsAg- by sensitive commercial assays and provides evidence of a further association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCC in antigen negative patients. (nih.gov)
The profit to be gained by testing Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with a third generation technique instead of the currently used immunoelectrophoresis was investigated by additional screening of 48 750 blood units by radioimmunoassay three weeks after donation. (bmj.com)
One recipient developed fulminant hepatitis B, three developed acute hepatitis B, and one became a healthy carrier of HBsAg. (bmj.com)
We determined the serum level of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen [‎anti-HBsAg]‎ in 273 randomly selected 7-9-year-old schoolchildren from Zanjan City, Islamic Republic of Iran, who had been fully vaccinated against hepatitis B starting at birth. (who.int)
The 55 codons upstream of the gene sequence encoding the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are called the pre-S(2) region. (sciencemag.org)
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is an incomplete RNA virus that needs hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to help its replication. (clinicaltrials.gov)
To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection among HBsAg positive individuals. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Mutations that occur within the immunodominant epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) allow mutant virus to propagate in the presence of a neutralizing immune response, while wild-type virus is reduced to undetectable levels. (cdc.gov)
An understanding of immunoassay reactivity with HBsAg mutants is key to establishing an appropriate testing algorithm for hepatitis B virus detection programs. (cdc.gov)
This article addresses recent information concerning the emergence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) mutants, their impact on viral antigen presentation, latest prevalence data, and discussion of the issues associated with detection of mutants in healthcare settings. (cdc.gov)
HBsAg is the surface antigenof the Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV). (prospecbio.com)
HBsAg is a serological marker produced on the surface of the hepatitis B virus and is one of the first disease state markers to be detected in the serum of patients infected with the hepatitis B virus. (prospecbio.com)
This guidance provides recommendations for a requalification method or process for the reentry of deferred donors who test repeatedly reactive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), confirmed positive by neutralization, following a recent vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and who are not infected by HBV. (fda.gov)
To explore the predictive value of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titer and transient elastography in screening for insignificant fibrosis in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. (dovepress.com)
We assessed the serum HBsAg level, serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level, HBV genotypes, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values by transient elastography, and histological fibrosis staging by METAVIR classification. (dovepress.com)
Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) is an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is downregulated during hepatocarcinogenesis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
An open-label randomized study was undertaken to compare a 2-dose regimen (Months 0 and 6) of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine formulated with a novel adjuvant (HBsAg/AS04) with a standard 3-dose regimen (Months 0, 1 and 6) of licensed recombinant HBsAg vaccine in terms of immunogenicity and reactogenicity when administered to healthy subjects aged between 15 and 40 y. (arctichealth.org)
The primary objective is to demonstrate the efficacy of combination therapy (Peg-IFN and adefovir or Peg-IFN and tenofovir) for inducing loss of HBsAg compared to no-treatment in HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B patients with low viral load. (clinicaltrials.gov)
A total of 69 persons were investigated for assessment of cell-mediated and humoral immunity to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). (asm.org)
Three groups, each consisting of 20 normal persons, 20HBsAg carriers, and 20 convalescent hepatitis B patients, were studied for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and leukocyte migration inhibition with purified HBsAg. (asm.org)
Sequential sampling if an additional group of nine acute hepatitis B patients defined the cellular and humoral immune response to HBsAg. (asm.org)
The antigen was eliminated rapidly by mounting of cell-mediated immune response detectable for a limited period, followed by antibody response in relatively few patients moore than 3 months after clearance of circulating HBsAg. (asm.org)
To test the effect of daily lamivudine (100 mg) in reducing the risk of HBV reactivation and hepatitis development in HBsAg (+) NHL patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Thirty-five cases with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity known prior to initiation of TNF-α inhibitors were identified. (springer.com)
While such reactivation may be due to a variety of reasons, clinicians prescribing TNF-α inhibitors to HBsAg-positive patients should consider prophylactic antiviral therapy and close monitoring for any clinical or serological evidence of hepatitis. (springer.com)
The age-specific prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody was studied in a random sample of Gilbert and Ellice islanders over the age of 10 years living in Nauru. (ajtmh.org)
The DNA is enclosed in a nucleocapsid, or core antigen (HBcAg), which is surrounded by a spherical envelope (surface antigen or HBsAg). (genetex.com)
Hepatitis B infection is normally diagnosed from serological tests that detect HBsAg but as the disease progresses this antigen may no longer be present in the blood and tests for HBcAg are used. (genetex.com)
If HBsAg can be detected in the blood for longer than six months, chronic hepatitis B is diagnosed. (genetex.com)
Percentage of HBsAg-positive subjects detected using the hepatitis sAg/eAg test versus the HBsAg standard provided by NIBSC. (asm.org)
For comparing factors between AHB patients with viral persistence and those with self-limited infection, 212 AHB patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection were observed in 38 liver centers until serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) disappeared or a minimum of 6 months in cases where HBsAg persisted. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Many cell types efficiently present an epitope of the hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) to murine class I-restricted CTL following an in vitro pulse with native 22-nm HBsAg particles. (jimmunol.org)
We have analyzed the molecular bases of the persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in hemodialysis patients and dialysis-unit staff members who had suffered acute hepatitis B that resolved previously. (nih.gov)
No serum HBsAg/hepatitis B surface antigen antibody (anti-HBs) immune complexes or mutations in the "a determinant of the S gene were found. (nih.gov)
HBsAg serum level (quantification) may be useful for managing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection patients. (scirp.org)
The objective of this study was to estimate the correlation between HBsAg serum level and liver fibrosis severity with treatment naive chronic hepatitis B patients in Cote d'Ivoire. (scirp.org)
Conclusion: This study shows that there's a negative correlation between HBsAg serum level and liver fibrosis severity treatment naive with African chronic hepatitis B viral HBeAg-negative patients. (scirp.org)
Home » Products » Health Beauty » Diagnosis Equipment » HBsAg Test Strip/Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Test In total 213268 number ofProductsinfo，Released today. (dahmw.org)
The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) S1 protein forms nanoparticles that can be utilized both as an immunogenic array of the MPER and to provide the lipid environment needed for enhanced 2F5 and 4E10 binding. (iavi.org)
Native HBV antigen HBsAg. (abnova.com)
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a marker ofinfectivity. (abnova.com)
The hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) is a key target molecule in developing vaccines and diagnostic systems. (ku.edu)
For this purpose, the HBsAg coding gene was cloned into a pCANTAB5E phagemid vector and expressed on the surface of M13 filamentous phages. (ku.edu)
Thus, the development of a highly efficient process for the preparation of a vaccine based on a recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is very important to the Chinese national immunization program. (diva-portal.org)
Anti-idiotype antibodies that recognize a common human idiotype present on antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) from individuals naturally infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and an interspecies idiotype on anti-HBs produced by active immunization with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were used in vivo to modulate idiotype networks in mice. (springer.com)
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expression cassettes were inserted into this cDNA and three MVs expressing HBsAg at different levels generated. (asm.org)
The widely used HBV vaccine is based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae -expressed small surface antigen (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]) and has a three-dose schedule ( 22 ). (asm.org)
HBsAg was detected more frequently in chronic aggressive hepatitis and active cirrhosis than in chronic persistent hepatitis and cirrhosis with little activity. (bmj.com)
No correlation was found in the different forms of chronic hepatitis between the HBsAg status on the one hand, and levels of transaminases, gammaglobulins, and auto-antibodies on the other. (bmj.com)
In conclusion, HBV DNA in serum and PBMC is detectable in a high proportion of HBsAg-negative hemodialysis patients and may persist several years after a resolved acute hepatitis B. The viral DNA is encapsulated and remains transcriptionally active in PBMC. (asnjournals.org)
Here, we investigated hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) genetic features underlying this phenomenon by analyzing 93 patients: 29 developing HBV reactivation and 64 consecutive patients with chronic HBV infection (as control). (uni-koeln.de)
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss is a rare event during nucleos(t)ide analogue (Nuc) therapy. (snfge.org)
Limited data suggest that stopping Nuc therapy may increase HBsAg loss rate in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients. (snfge.org)
Baseline and on-treatment clinical and viral features, treatment duration, consolidation duration, time to undetectable hepatitis B virus DNA, time to normal alanine aminotransferase, end-of-treatment HBsAg, and HBsAg log reduction were compared between patients with and without HBsAg seroclearance after end of treatment. (snfge.org)
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its risk factors, among individuals visiting Shashemene General Hospital VCT center. (biomedcentral.com)
Blood samples were collected and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HIV by commercially available rapid test kits. (biomedcentral.com)
Small volumes of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen HBsAg adw recombinant protein vial(s) may occasionally become entrapped in the seal of the product vial during shipment and storage. (mybiosource.com)
Patients who are HBsAg positive develop chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and chronic active hepatitis (CAH). (mybiosource.com)
This immunoassay measures HBsAg through antigen-antibody interactions. (mybiosource.com)
NCBI/Uniprot data below describe general gene information for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen HBsAg adw . (mybiosource.com)
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen - Test blood donors (HBsAg positive individuals are rejected). (walkinlab.com)
Patients who are negative for HBsAg may still have acute type B viral hepatitis. (walkinlab.com)
On such occasions, both tests for anti-HBc are usually positive and anti-HBc, IgM is the only specific marker for the diagnosis of acute infection with hepatitis B. In cases with strong clinical suspicion of viral hepatitis, serologic testing should not be limited to detecting HBsAg, but should include a battery of tests to evaluate different stages of acute and convalescent hepatitis. (walkinlab.com)
We developed an immunogen to stimulate multivalent immunity against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigens (HBcAg). (ac.ir)
Fermentations were performed to determine parameters affecting the expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae containing the HBsAg gene. (semanticscholar.org)
The particulate forms of HBsAg were analysed for the presence of HBeAG on their surfaces. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the prevalence, incidence and clinical significance of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in HBsAg chronic carriers. (actamedicaportuguesa.com)
The HBV surface protein antigens (HBsAg) are comprised of large (LHBs), middle (MHBs) and small (SHBs, also called major) protein. (arigobio.com)

One donor had acute hepatitis B. Fifteen of the 23 blood units were transfused. (bmj.com)
Hepatitis viruses constitute a major public health problem because of the morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
Co-infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) in persons with acute or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to fulminant hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
About 20% to 30% of coinfections of HDV and HBV in humans develop fatal fulminant hepatitis versus 2% of patients with acute hepatitis B mono-infection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Acute hepatitis B virus infection: relation of age to the clinical expression of disease and subsequent development of the carrier state. (arctichealth.org)
Acute viral hepatitis A, B and non-A, non-B in Stockholm in the 1950s and 1970s: a comparison. (arctichealth.org)
Risk factors for long-term persistence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen following acute hepatitis B virus infection in Japanese adults. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The proportion of patients who progress to chronicity following acute hepatitis B (AHB) varies widely worldwide. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Hepatitis B surface antigen is the earliest indicator of the presence of acute infection. (specialtylabs.com)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) acute and chronic infections remain a major worldwide health problem. (asm.org)
eight of the 24 staff members had an acute hepatitis B resolved 13 to 21 yr before. (asnjournals.org)
HBV DNA was detected in PBMC of four of six staff members (all with previous acute hepatitis). (asnjournals.org)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during immunosuppression can lead to severe acute hepatitis, fulminant liver failure, and death. (uni-koeln.de)
Hepatitis B surface antigens are an early sign of an acute infection, and they are also present during chronic, or long-term, infection. (vidanthealth.com)

hep e antigen.Negative.HBV DNA.Negative.I am on treatment with lumividine tab 100 mg/day for about 3 yrs.My ALT level & liver ultrasound test normal.I wish to go abroad for a job and there Hep.B Surface antigen is tested.If one is positive, it is a sure rejection.Can inj. (medhelp.org)
Persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at high risk for chronic liver disease and are a major reservoir of HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
In this study, we demonstrated that chronic hepatitis B virus infection in asymptomatic Chinese children is usually associated with a mild and stable liver disease despite high levels of hepatitis B virus replication. (nih.gov)
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection induces a disease state which manifests itself in a variety of ways, characterized by the extent of liver damage, inflammation and viral persistence. (abcam.com)
Antibodies to hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B serology and liver enzymes were examined in 137 Finnish haemophiliac patients to detect signs of chronic viral hepatitis and its possible aetiological associations. (arctichealth.org)
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection induces a disease state characterised by liver damage, inflammation and viral persistence. (genetex.com)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. (ku.edu)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is significant health problem, as it can lead to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatic carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus. (mybiosource.com)
Hep G2 (or HepG2) is a human liver cancer cell line. (wikipedia.org)
Hep G2 is an immortal cell line which was derived in 1975 from the liver tissue of a 15-year-old Caucasian male from Argentina with a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
This can be important for the study of human liver diseases that are caused by an incorrect subcellular distribution of cell surface proteins, e.g., hepatocanalicular transport defects such as Dubin-Johnson Syndrome and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), and familial hypercholesterolemia. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Hep G2 cells and their derivatives are also used as a model system for studies of liver metabolism and toxicity of xenobiotics, the detection of environmental and dietary cytotoxic and genotoxic (and thus cytoprotective, anti-genotoxic, and cogenotoxic) agents, understanding hepatocarcinogenesis[citation needed], and for drug targeting studies[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
Hep G2 cells are also employed in trials with bio-artificial liver devices[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)

Higher monoclonal antibody binding of 67.87% of the antigen was observed when it was expressed with a C-terminal ER retention signal. (springer.com)
Choose from our Hepatitis A Surface Antigen monoclonal antibodies. (novusbio.com)
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibody conjugate (mouse monoclonal anti-HBc) is then allowed to react with the remaining exposed HBcAg on the well surface. (cdc.gov)
Mouse monoclonal antibody raised against native hepatitis B virus surface antigen. (abnova.com)
Mouse monoclonal antibody raised against full length recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen. (abnova.com)

To determine the need for immunization of health workers with antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) as their only serologic marker of previous hepatitis B exposure, we studied the level, persistence, and immunologic specificity of isolated anti-HBs in 46 persons identified during screening for hepatitis B vaccine. (annals.org)
Although some persons with naturally acquired, isolated anti-HBs may be protected from hepatitis B, the immunologic specificity and protective value of anti-HBs, especially when levels are low, remain questionable. (annals.org)

Unvaccinated sex partners and household and needle-sharing contacts should be tested for susceptibility to HBV infection (see Appendix A, Prevaccination Serologic Testing for Susceptibility) and should receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine immediately after collection of blood for serologic testing. (cdc.gov)
Since the availability of hepatitis B vaccine the prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus has become feasible. (bmj.com)
A 2-dose regimen of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine with the immune stimulant AS04 compared with the standard 3-dose regimen of Engerix-B in healthy young adults. (arctichealth.org)
In 1991, the World at least 6-8 years before with 3 doses of Health Organization (WHO) recommended hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth to that hepatitis B vaccination be included provide information on the effect of the in national immunization programmes in immunization strategy for hepatitis B and countries with a hepatitis B surface antigen the need for booster doses. (who.int)
We rescreened these persons 1 year later, administered a single dose of hepatitis B vaccine, and determined the anti-HBs level at 1, 2, and 8 weeks after vaccination. (annals.org)
Hepatitis B vaccine is effective in preventing infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), but its duration of protection is unknown. (ovid.com)
Work towards developing recombinant MV with additional vaccine specificities has begun: genes from hepatitis B virus (HBV) ( 43 ), simian and human immunodeficiency viruses ( 24 , 52 ), mumps virus ( 50 ), and West Nile virus ( 10 ) have been inserted into different positions in the MV genome and thus expressed at different levels. (asm.org)
Hepatitis B is a major public health problem, killing 1-2 million people annually, despite the introduction of an effective vaccine in 1982. (thescipub.com)
Approximately 400 million persons worldwide have chronic hepatitis B. This is due to problems associated with vaccine delivery, stability and cost. (thescipub.com)
The production level of hepatitis B pseudoviral particles was estimated to be 0.4 mg/1 culture, which compares favourably with the reported levels initially obtained in yeast, indicating the potential of the Aspergillus expression system as an alternative, cost-effective vaccine production system. (sun.ac.za)
Give the dose of monovalent hepatitis B vaccine preferably within 24 hours of birth, and definitely within 7 days. (health.gov.au)
21 Infants should receive 3 subsequent doses of a hepatitis B-containing vaccine at 2, 4 and 6 months of age, so that they receive a total of 4 doses of hepatitis B-containing vaccines. (health.gov.au)
in infants born to mothers with chronic hepatitis B 3-12 months after completing the primary vaccine course. (health.gov.au)
Breakthrough cases of Hepatitis B are primarily attributed to mutations in the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that make HBV surface proteins unrecognizable to antibodies produced from the HBV vaccine. (wikipedia.org)

8%). During delivery of recommended hepatitis B vaccination services (e.g. (cdc.gov)
The duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination in children is unknown. (who.int)
It has been reported that when hepatitis services is good throughout the territory, B vaccination is initiated at birth, there and vaccinations are delivered through local is an increased likelihood that the child health districts which are able to reach the will complete the series [ 8,9 ] hence an whole population. (who.int)
A boost in antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was defined as a fourfold rise in levels to ≥20 mIU/mL that was not accompanied by the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen or attributable to interim vaccination. (ovid.com)
After completion of HBV vaccination course, 71 (87.7%) infants had protective anti-HBs levels, three (3.7%) were hepatitis B surface antigen-positive, and seven (8.6%) were hepatitis B surface antigen-negative with nonprotective anti-HBs levels. (ovid.com)
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination schedule in Libya follows international recommendations (1st dose at birth, 2nd after 1 month and 3rd after 6 months). (hud.ac.uk)
See Serological testing following hepatitis B vaccination . (health.gov.au)

This involves the reaction of anti-HBc in the sample with hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) coated wells. (cdc.gov)
In addition, CD8 + T cell responses against HBcAg epitopes were primed by this chimeric HBV antigen. (ac.ir)

doi: 10.1002/hep.29640. (snfge.org)

A total of 1000 randomly selected hepatitis B surface antigen-negative sera from blood donors were tested for hepatitis B core antibody and hepatitis B surface antibody using an ELISA and nested polymerase chain reaction was done using primers specific to the surface gene (S-gene). (ajol.info)
This study reveals the 5.5% prevalence of occult hepatitis B among Malaysian blood donors as well as the reliability of using hepatitis B core antibody in screening for occult hepatitis B infection in low endemic, low socioeconomic settings. (ajol.info)
Before HBV reactivation, 51.7% of patients were isolated hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) positive, 31.0% inactive carriers, 6.9% anti-HBc/anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody) positive, 6.9% isolated anti-HBs positive, and 3.4% had an overt HBV infection. (uni-koeln.de)

Each antibody is crafted with care according to rigorous protocols for immunogen design and preparation, presentation to host animal, and high-affinity purification against the antigen. (abgent.com)

so why should patients get this test and how will it help the millions of people around the world infected with hepatitis B? (hepb.org)
Hepatitis B surface antigen containing immune complexes occur in seronegative hepatocellular carcinoma patients. (nih.gov)
In Upper Egypt, data about the prevalence, clinical, laboratory and virological characters of Hepatitis D virus-infected patients is rare. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Hepatitis B viral mutants can emerge in patients as a result of selection pressure from either immune response or treatment options. (cdc.gov)
The proportion of patients with clinically apparent hepatitis increased with age (P less than .01), ranging from 9.5% of infections in patients who were four years of age or less to 33.3% of infections in patients who were 30 years of age or older. (arctichealth.org)
Among patients who were four years of age or less when infected, 28.8% became chronic carriers of hepatitis B, as compared with 7.7% of those who were 30 years of age or older. (arctichealth.org)
A Randomized Prospective Open-label Trial for Comparing Combination Therapy Peg-Interferon Alfa-2a/Adefovir Dipivoxil and Peg-Interferon Alfa-2a/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Versus no Treatment in HBeAg Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Low Viral Load. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Study population: The study population will consist of 150 patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus with low viral load and HBeAg negativity. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Study end-points: The major end-point: hepatitis B reactivation in NHL patients---defined by higher than 10-fold increase of serum HBV DNA level and/or reappearance of HBeAg in the serum during and within 6 months after chemotherapy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Serum Level Is Correlated with Fibrosis Severity in Treatment-Naïve, Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa)? (scirp.org)
Hepatitis-B surface antigen and antibody in Black and White patients with venereal diseases. (bmj.com)
chronic active hepatitis and cirrhotic patients in the Pisa cohort are comparable to those HBeAg-negative patients classified as immune clearance phase in the Hannover cohort. (asm.org)
Hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and blood cells of hepatitis B surface antigen-negative hemodialysis patients and staff. (asnjournals.org)
Patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, as well as dialysis staff members, are at high risk of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). (asnjournals.org)
In the anti-HBs-negative patients, HBV DNA is, at the present time, the only means for diagnosing a past HBV hepatitis. (asnjournals.org)
Patients may get an HLA-B27 antigen test to find the cause of joint swelling and pain. (reference.com)

The antigen is a protein that binds specifically on one of these surface proteins. (prospecbio.com)
Three of the children had antibodies to hepatitis B core protein. (who.int)
Recombinant protein corresponding to full length hepatitis B virus surface antigen. (abnova.com)
Nested PCR results showed the presence of hepatitis B viral DNA in all the 55 samples that were positive for core protein, which is in agreement with the hepatitis B surface antibody result. (ajol.info)
Use of pre-s protein-containing hepatitis B virus surface antigens and" by J S. Yum, B C. Ahn et al. (usu.edu)
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger was transformed with the hepatitis B virus S gene encoding the major viral envelope protein under control of the constitutive A. nidulans glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpdA) promoter. (sun.ac.za)

The capsidof a virus has different surface proteins from the rest of the virus. (prospecbio.com)
The core antigen shares its sequences with the e antigen (HBeAg) but no cross reactivity between the two proteins has been observed. (genetex.com)
HBV has proteins called antigens on its surface that cause your immune system to make antibodies. (vidanthealth.com)
Because of their high degree of morphological and functional differentiation in vitro, Hep G2 cells are a suitable model to study the intracellular trafficking and dynamics of bile canalicular, sinusoidal membrane proteins, and lipids in human hepatocytes in vitro. (wikipedia.org)

Human leukocyte antigens help regulate the immune system, and their main role is to let the body tell the difference between normal cells and substances that it needs to attack, states MedlinePlus. (reference.com)
Conditions such as arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and inflammation of the sacroiliac joint may cause an increase in HLA-B27 and human leukocyte antigens, states MedlinePlus. (reference.com)

Overall, 79% of subjects showed evidence of past infection with hepatitis B virus with the highest prevalence among young people. (ajtmh.org)

Assay is a chemiluminescent immunoassay for the qualitative detection of hepatitis B surface antigen in human serum and plasma. (bloodworksnw.org)

Screening of Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen using a third generation technique. (bmj.com)
Wantzin P , Nielsen J O , Tygstrup N , Soerensen H , Dybkjaer E . Screening of Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen using a third generation technique. (bmj.com)
Conclusions: The prevalence of HCV infection in asymptomatic chronic carriers is higher than in blood donors but lower than previously reported for other populations of chronic hepatitis B cases. (actamedicaportuguesa.com)

To develop a low cost, high compliance screening programme for identification of carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in the obstetric population of the Netherlands. (bmj.com)
Twenty-five (13.3%) of the 188 individuals who were studied became chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. (arctichealth.org)
About 10% of the Chinese population are chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). (diva-portal.org)
Hepatitis C virus antibodies in asymptomatic chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. (actamedicaportuguesa.com)

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses (HBV and HCV) are life-threatening infections of public health importance due to their association with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. (hindawi.com)
Background and aim: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the main causes of hepatitis and can lead to hepatic cirrhosis. (sid.ir)

The expression levels of the antigen in the plants grown under in vitro conditions as well as the green house hardened plants were estimated by ELISA for all the four constructs. (springer.com)
We offer Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies for use in common research applications: ELISA, Radioimmunoassay. (novusbio.com)
ELISA procedures provide a means for routinely detecting antibodies to specific antigens. (cdc.gov)
The International Immunodiagnostics HDV Ab assay is a competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the determination of antibodies to Hepatitis D Virus or HDV in human plasma and sera with a 'two step" methodology. (cdc.gov)

And B-cells, so they don't generate the antibodies needed to destroy the viral antigens that make up the virus. (hepb.org)
A multilayering immunoenzyme PAP method made it possible to demonstrate viral antigens and distinguish histological details. (eurekamag.com)

Pregnant women who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen should be identified before delivery to prevent hepatitis B infection in their neonates by passive or active immunisation, or both. (bmj.com)
Of the 1000 samples 55 (5.5%) were found to be reactive, of which 87.3% (48/55) were positive for hepatitis B surface antibody, indicating immunity as a result of previous infection however, that does not exclude active infection with escaped mutant HBV. (ajol.info)

Prospective serological surveys of 1,280 seronegative Yupik Eskimos, performed between 1971 and 1976, identified 189 (14.8%) who developed serological evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. (arctichealth.org)

Twenty-six (13.8%) developed clinical hepatitis during the interval when seroconversion occurred. (arctichealth.org)
enables appropriate management to prevent newborn infants developing hepatitis B. See Clinical features and Epidemiology . (health.gov.au)

This study investigated the seroprevalence of antihepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) and HCV antibodies among pregnant women in Mwanza city to provide data that can be used in devising preventive strategies. (hindawi.com)

prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in large cities and rural area. (bmj.com)
To determine the prevalence of hepatitis D virus active infection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Yupik Eskimos of southwestern Alaska have the highest known prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection of any general population in the United States. (arctichealth.org)

four, six and sixteen weeks and plasma was analyzed for antibodies against hepatitis B by an enzyme linked immunoassay. (pda.org)

NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses will be used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups, and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis B and C virus infections are common serious complications of blood transfusion. (who.int)
Infections with HBV and HCV during pregnancy have been associated with high risk of vertical transmission which may result in neonatal hepatitis. (hindawi.com)
Occult hepatitis B infections are becoming a major global threat, but the available data on its prevalence in various parts of the world are often divergent. (ajol.info)
The others are hepatitis A, C, D, and E. Most hepatitis infections are caused by these 5 viruses. (vidanthealth.com)
The symptoms of all 5 hepatitis infections are much the same. (vidanthealth.com)

Percentage of HBeAg-positive subjects detected using the hepatitis sAg/eAg test versus the PEI HBeAg standard. (asm.org)

Reactive Hepatitis B Surface Antigen will reflex to the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Confirmatory neutralization test for an additional charge. (legacyhealth.org)

To test the efficacy of daily lamivudine in preventing and treating hepatitis B reactivation and in circumventing hepatic failure and death. (clinicaltrials.gov)

In addition, NHANES provides the means to better define the epidemiology of other hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)
HBV is one of 5 hepatitis viruses. (vidanthealth.com)

In four of 12 instances, transient elevations in ALT levels were associated with a fall in serum hepatitis B virus DNA levels. (nih.gov)

The hepatitis B binding substance found in animals is not antibody, but appears to be a glycoprotein which reacted with antigen-coated beads and produced a "false positive" test for antibody. (asm.org)
This glycoprotein could be selectively and quantitatively removed by reaction with purified hepatitis B surface antigen and centrifugation. (asm.org)

MicroRNA-581 promotes hepatitis B virus surface antigen expression by targeting Dicer and EDEM1. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Hepatitis B virus surface antigens have not been detected. (wikipedia.org)

New immunization strategies have been developed to eliminate the spread of HBV and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Practices (ACIP), is the introduction of study carried out from February 2003 to hepatitis B immunization at birth [ 5,6 ]. (who.int)
These results demonstrate the potential use of a full-length antigen to be displayed on phages as cost effective adjuvant-free immunization agents as an alternative to the highly purified and more expensive antigens conjugated with carrier molecules. (ku.edu)
The results demonstrate the applicability of biodegradable microspheres for immunization against hepatitis B. (pda.org)

Monospecific, reacts only with Hepatitis B virus. (genetex.com)

HLA-B27 is a human leukocyte antigen that helps the body differentiate its own cells from foreign substances. (reference.com)

Recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen of ayw subtype. (genetex.com)

I am diagnosed as Hep B carrier.My test reports:HbS antigen. (medhelp.org)
If your wife is at risk for hepatitis B , then the surface antigen can mean a chronic carrier state that is inactive due to no virus in her blood. (thebody.com)

Normal results are negative or nonreactive, meaning that no hepatitis B surface antigen was found. (vidanthealth.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms17

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs70

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment44

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Complement fixing hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with HBs antigen positive chronic disease. (1/2532)

Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in white and black patients with diabetes mellitus. (2/2532)

A cellular protein which binds hepatitis B virus but not hepatitis B surface antigen. (3/2532)

Leucocyte migration inhibition with inner and outer membranes of mitochondria and insoluble hepatocyte surface membranes prepared from rat liver in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. (4/2532)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-transgenic mice as an investigative tool to study immunopathology during HBV infection. (5/2532)

Low prevalence of hepatitis B markers among Mexican female sex workers. (6/2532)

Intracellular retention of hepatitis B virus surface proteins reduces interleukin-2 augmentation after genetic immunizations. (7/2532)

Analysis of the pre-S2 N- and O-linked glycans of the M surface protein from human hepatitis B virus. (8/2532)

No images available that match "hepatitis b surface antigens"

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis B Antibodies

Hepatitis B Vaccines

Hepatitis B Antigens

Hepatitis B Core Antigens

Hepatitis B, Chronic

Hepatitis B e Antigens

Hepatitis C

Carrier State

Hepatitis A

Antigens, Surface

DNA, Viral

Viral Hepatitis Vaccines

Hepatitis, Viral, Human

Hepatitis

Hepatitis D

Blood Donors

Hepatitis Antibodies

Lamivudine

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Hepatitis C Antibodies

Liver Neoplasms

Antiviral Agents

Hepatitis Delta Virus

Seroepidemiologic Studies

Hepatitis, Chronic

Antigens

Liver Cirrhosis

Hepatitis delta Antigens

Alanine Transaminase

Hepatitis C, Chronic

Antibodies, Viral

Epitopes

Alum Compounds

Hepatitis Viruses

Radioimmunoassay

Hepacivirus

Hepatitis Antigens

Vaccines, Synthetic

Liver

Hepatitis A Antibodies

Prevalence

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Pan troglodytes

Vaccination

Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical

Hepatitis D, Chronic

Molecular Sequence Data

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Hepatovirus

Hemagglutination Tests

Hepatitis A Antigens

Immunization

Antigens, Viral

Immunoassay

Antigens, Bacterial

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis

Hepatitis B Virus, Duck

Immunoglobulin G

Hepatitis A virus

Vaccines, DNA

Antibody Formation

Antigens, Neoplasm

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Vaccines, Edible

Virus Activation

Liver Transplantation

Amino Acid Sequence

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Taiwan

Base Sequence

Liver Diseases

Blood Transfusion

Antigen-Antibody Complex

Organophosphonates

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Immunoglobulins

Immunoglobulin M