Hepatitis b e antigens. Medical search

A closely related group of antigens found in the plasma only during the infective phase of hepatitis B or in virulent chronic hepatitis B, probably indicating active virus replication; there are three subtypes which may exist in a complex with immunoglobulins G.

The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.

A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.

The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.

Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.

A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.

One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways.

The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.

Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE), an enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template.

The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A species in the genus HEPATOVIRUS containing one serotype and two strains: HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS and Simian hepatitis A virus causing hepatitis in humans (HEPATITIS A) and primates, respectively.

A DNA virus that closely resembles human hepatitis B virus. It has been recovered from naturally infected ducks.

Any of the viruses that cause inflammation of the liver. They include both DNA and RNA viruses as well viruses from humans and animals.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

A defective virus, containing particles of RNA nucleoprotein in virion-like form, present in patients with acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis. It requires the presence of a hepadnavirus for full replication. This is the lone species in the genus Deltavirus.

Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HEPATITIS A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS A ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

A positive-stranded RNA virus species in the genus HEPEVIRUS, causing enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (HEPATITIS E).

A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

A strain of HEPATITIS A VIRUS which causes hepatitis in humans. The virus replicates in hepatocytes and is presumed to reach the intestine via the bile duct. Transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.

An ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS causing chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in woodchucks. It closely resembles the human hepatitis B virus.

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS D VIRUS.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Antigens of the virions of HEPACIVIRUS, their surface, core, or other associated antigens.

Core promoter mutations and genotypes in relation to viral replication and liver damage in East Asian hepatitis B virus carriers. (1/743)

Virus load and liver damage, as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histology activity index, were related to genotype and core promoter mutations in 43 chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers of East Asian origin. T-1762 mutants were more frequent in genotype C strains and were associated with more inflammation (P=.0036) and fibrosis (P=.0088) of the liver but not with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status or virus load. Conversely, precore mutations were associated with less liver inflammation (P=. 08), which was linked to HBeAg negativity and lower viral replication. Carriers with genotype C were more often HBeAg positive (P=.03) with precore wild type strains and more-severe liver inflammation (P=.009) than were those with genotype B. These findings suggest that pathogenic differences between genotypes may exist and that the T-1762 mutation may be useful as a marker for progressive liver damage but seem to contradict that down-regulation of HBeAg production is the major effect of this mutation. (+info)

Hepatitis B vaccination in high-risk infants: 10-year follow-up. (2/743)

The long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination among high-risk infants was determined in 805 vaccine responders, immunized at birth in Taiwan during 1981-1984 and followed to age 10 years, via life table survival and Cox multivariate analyses. At 10 years, cumulative persistence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was 85%, and cumulative incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was 15%. Three children became carriers. Twelve-month anti-HBs titer was the strongest predictor of efficacy. The higher the initial titer, the lower the risk of anti-HBs loss (relative risk [RR], 0.26 for titer of 100-999 mIU/mL; RR, 0.08 for titer >1000 mIU/mL; P<.001) and HBV infection (RR, 0.55 and 0.27; P<.05). Maternal hepatitis B e antigen positivity but not hepatitis B immunoglobulin dose or gender predicted greater antibody persistence to age 10 years. Because the level of antibody persistence remained high and few became carriers, booster revaccination within 10 years seems unnecessary. (+info)

Quantitative analysis of hepatitis B virus precore mutant in hepatitis type B. (3/743)

Active liver disease has been detected in chronic hepatitis B after seroconversion from positive HBe antigen to positive anti-HBe antibody. Active replication of HB virus (HBV) containing a precore stop-codon mutation has been implicated in this condition. The usual methods, such as direct sequencing, to characterize the responsible mutant of HBV are not suitable for routine clinical use. Here we employed the competitive mutation site specific assay (CMSSA) to detect precore mutant HBV-DNA in patients with positive HB surface antigen. In patients with HBe antigen, precore mutant HBV-DNA was significantly higher than in patients with HBe antibody. The level of precore mutant HBV-DNA in patients with elevated serum ALT was significantly higher than in patients with normal serum ALT. Sex, age and the level of serum HBV-associated DNA polymerase levels were not correlated with levels of precore mutant HBV-DNA. Ten of 11 negative patients for the precore mutant by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCRRFLP) were positive for the precore mutant by CMSSA. These results suggest that the precore mutant has already emerged in the HBeAg-positive phase as determined by CMSSA, which is more sensitive than PCR-RFLP and is useful for evaluating the clinical course of patients with chronic hepatitis B. (+info)

Hepatitis B surface antigen disappearance and hepatitis B surface antigen subtype: a prospective, long-term, follow-up study of Japanese residents of Okinawa, Japan with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (4/743)

To determine the natural course of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) disappearance in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the factors related to its disappearance, 946 HBsAg carriers in Okinawa, Japan were prospectively followed for up to 19 years (mean = 9.2 years). The disappearance of HBsAg, as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA), was observed in 62 (6.6%) and the overall annual disappearance rate was 0.79%/year. Its disappearance was more frequent in 60 (7.4%) of 815 serum samples negative for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) by RIA at entry compared with only two (1.5%) of 131 serum samples that were HBeAg positive by RIA at entry (P < 0.05). Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that age and HBsAg subtype were significantly associated with HBsAg disappearance (both P < 0.05), and that carriers with subtype adr (odds ratio = 2.87) had an increased probability of clearing HBsAg compared with carriers with subtype adw. Conversely, HBeAg disappearance was earlier in those with the adw subtype than in those with adr. Hepatitis B virus DNA was not detected by the polymerase chain reaction after HBsAg disappearance in any of the 62 from whom it had disappeared. The HBsAg titer, as measured by reverse passive hemagglutination, was related to the time to its disappearance; the higher the titer, the longer the time to disappearance. These findings suggest that HBeAg negativity, a more advanced age, and low titers of HBsAg are favorable factors for HBsAg disappearance in the natural course of chronic HBV infection. Moreover, HBsAg subtype adr was a predictive factor for HBsAg disappearance, whereas subtype adw was predictive of early HBeAg disappearance. (+info)

Specific vaccine therapy in chronic hepatitis B: induction of T cell proliferative responses specific for envelope antigens. (5/743)

In a pilot study, it was established that specific therapy by standard anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination may be effective in reducing HBV replication and canceling the immune tolerance to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles in about 50% of persons with chronic active HBV replication. In the present study, the vaccine-induced immune responses were analyzed during an ongoing controlled multicenter vaccine trial. Vaccination elicited peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses specific for envelope antigen in 7 of 27 subjects given HBsAg. The responses induced by the vaccines were mediated by CD4+ T lymphocytes, and at least three different epitopes were recognized. HBV-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes produced high levels of interferon-gamma [corrected] and belonged to a T helper 1 subset. Reduction of serum HBV DNA in some of these persons suggests that induction of CD4+ T cell responses could be important in controlling viremia during vaccine therapy of chronic HBV carriers. (+info)

Combinatorial screening and intracellular antiviral activity of hairpin ribozymes directed against hepatitis B virus. (6/743)

A combinatorial screening method has been used to identify hairpin ribozymes that inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in transfected human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. A hairpin ribozyme library (5 x 10(5) variants) containing a randomized substrate-binding domain was used to identify accessible target sites within 3.3 kb of full-length in vitro-transcribed HBV pregenomic RNA. Forty potential target sites were found within the HBV pregenomic RNA, and 17 sites conserved in all four subtypes of HBV were chosen for intracellular inhibition experiments. Polymerase II and III promoter expression constructs for corresponding hairpin ribozymes were generated and cotransfected into HCC cells together with a replication-competent dimer of HBV DNA. Four ribozymes inhibited HBV replication by 80, 69, 66, and 49%, respectively, while catalytically inactive mutant forms of these ribozymes affected HBV replication by 36, 28, 0, and 0%. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effects on HBV replication were largely mediated by the catalytic activity of the ribozymes. In conclusion, we have identified catalytically active RNAs by combinatorial screening that mediate intracellular antiviral effects on HBV. (+info)

Markedly high seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in comparison to hepatitis C virus and human T lymphotropic virus type-1 infections in selected Solomon Islands populations. (7/743)

To determine the prevalences of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infections in residents of the Solomon Islands, we surveyed 1,610 serum samples from 1,113 outpatients and 497 healthy volunteer blood donors at the Central Hospital in Honiara, the Solomon Islands. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) (n = 315, 19.6%) was significantly different from that of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) by a second-generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (n = 4, 0.2%) and antibody to HTLV-1 (anti-HTLV-1) by an ELISA with Western blot analysis to verify the positivity (n = 49, 3.0%) (P < 0.0001, respectively). There were no significant differences in the prevalences of these markers between outpatients and blood donors. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was detected by RIA in 130 (41.3%) of 315 HBsAg-positive samples. The distribution of HBsAg subtypes by EIA was 190 adr (60.3%), 111 ayw (35.2%), and 14 (0.4%) other subtypes. The HBeAg prevalence decreased with age in all groups for each subtype. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of HBeAg among HBsAg subtypes. We conclude that HBV infection is highly endemic in selected Solomon Islands populations, and that the high prevalence of HBeAg may be associated with the spread of HBV infection there. (+info)

Dual efficacy of lamivudine treatment in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus-coinfected persons in a randomized, controlled study (CAESAR). The CAESAR Coordinating Committee. (8/743)

The efficacy and safety of lamivudine in persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) were examined in the CAESAR study, a randomized placebo-controlled trial assessing the addition of lamivudine (150 mg 2x/day) or lamivudine (150 mg 2x/day) plus loviride (100 mg 3x/day) to zidovudine-containing background antiretroviral treatment. Baseline hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) results were available for 1790 study subjects, of whom 122 (6.8%) tested positive. Retrospective analyses for serial HBV DNA, HBsAg, and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were performed on stored sera from 118 HBsAg-positive subjects. HBV DNA and HBeAg were present in 83% and 63%, respectively. At weeks 12 and 52, median log10 HBV DNA change was -2.0 and -2.7, respectively, in the lamivudine arms, compared with no reduction among placebo recipients (P<.001). A trend to lower alanine transferase level, and delayed progression of HIV-1 disease (relative hazard, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.80) were also seen in the lamivudine arms, compared with the placebo group. (+info)

Hepatitis B surface antigen. *Antibody to hepatitis C. *Antibody to HIV, usually subtypes 1 and 2 ... For example, the HIV antibody test will not detect a recently infected donor, so some blood banks use a p24 antigen or HIV ... The screening includes testing for diseases that can be transmitted by a blood transfusion, including HIV and viral hepatitis. ... and viral hepatitis. Screening may include questions about risk factors for various diseases, such as travel to countries at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_donation

Coleman, Paul F. (2017-02-17). "Detecting Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Mutants". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (2): 198-203. ... Breakthrough cases of Hepatitis B are primarily attributed to mutations in the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that make HBV surface ... Breakthrough infections of Hepatitis B and mumps are partially attributed to antigenic drift. Vaccines may fail to provide ... If B cell receptors bind to the antigen and FC receptors simultaneously bind to the maternal antibody, the FC receptors send a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_infection

Hepatitis B: certain antigens present during hepatitis can accumulate in the kidneys and damage them. ... Liver failure caused by cirrhosis, hepatitis and other conditions such as alcoholism, IV drug use or some hereditary diseases ... HIV: the virus's antigens provoke an obstruction in the glomerular capillary's lumen that alters normal kidney function. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome

In 1964, while studying "yellow jaundice" (hepatitis), he discovered a surface antigen for hepatitis B in the blood of an ... 3. The age of antigens and electronic microscopy" [History of hepatitis. 3. The age of antigens and electronic microscopy]. La ... a nonprofit organization dedicated to finding a cure for hepatitis B and improving the lives of those affected by hepatitis B ... Blumberg and his team were able to develop a screening test for the hepatitis B virus, to prevent its spread in blood donations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg

... has been found to have homology to hepatitis delta virus antigen (HDAg). DIPA interacts with the viral antigen, HDAg, and can ... Long M, de Souza SJ, Gilbert W (May 1997). "Delta-interacting protein A and the origin of hepatitis delta antigen". Science. ... Brazas R, Ganem D (Oct 1996). "A cellular homolog of hepatitis delta antigen: implications for viral replication and evolution ... Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a pathogenic human virus whose RNA genome and replication cycle resemble those of plant viroids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCDC85B

Alipour, Elias (23 June 2013). "Gold nanoparticle based capacitive immunosensor for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen". ... Hepatitis B Prepared AuNPs-Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA gene probes could be used to detect HBV DNA directly. The detection- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_nanoparticles_in_chemotherapy

... (core antigen) is a hepatitis B viral protein. It is an indicator of active viral replication; this means the person ... May 2003). "New enzyme immunoassay for detection of hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) and relation between levels of HBcAg ... HBcAg is an antigen that can be found on the surface of the nucleocapsid core (the inner most layer of the hepatitis B virus). ... "In vivo inhibition of anti-hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) immunoglobulin G production by HBcAg-specific CD4(+) Th1-type ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBcAg

December 1993). "Human leukocyte antigen A1-B8-DR3-DQ2-DPB1*0401 extended haplotype in autoimmune hepatitis". Hepatology. 18 (6 ... In autoimmune hepatitis[edit]. In 1972, a link between "HLA A1,8" (current:HLA A1-B8) active chronic hepatitis, subsequently B8 ... human leukocyte antigens DR4 and A1-B8-DR3 are independent risk factors". Hepatology. 13 (4): 701-6. doi:10.1002/hep.1840130415 ... "Genetic association of autoimmune hepatitis and human leucocyte antigen in German patients". World J. Gastroenterol. 12 (34): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA_A1-B8-DR3-DQ2

... they will bind to antigens within the HEp-2 cell nucleus. These antibodies can be visualised by subsequent incubation with anti ... Extractable nuclear antigens[edit]. Extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) are a group of autoantigens that were originally ... Typically, HEp-2 cells are used as a substrate to detect the antibodies in human serum. Microscope slides are coated with HEp-2 ... Comparison with autoimmune hepatitis and impact on the disease profile". Hepatology. 26 (3): 561-566. doi:10.1002/hep.510260305 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-nuclear_antibody

"Stimulation of RNA polymerase II elongation by hepatitis delta antigen". Science. 293 (5527): 124-7. doi:10.1126/science. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHSC2

The coating, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), is not infectious; however, HBsAG can provoke an immune response. In order to ... Donald G. McNeil, Jr., April 26, 2012, Irving Millman Dies at 88; Worked to Stop Hepatitis B, The New York Times. His Hepatitis ... Millman's work with Baruch Blumberg helped lead to the creation of a test to detect hepatitis B. The test allowed blood banks ... Millman and Blumberg found that the blood of individuals who carried the hepatitis B virus contained particles of the outside ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Millman

The appearance is classically associated with abundant hepatitis B antigen in the endoplasmic reticulum, but may also be drug- ... Hadziyannis, S; Gerber, MA; Vissoulis, C; Popper, H (Nov 1973). "Cytoplasmic hepatitis B antigen in "ground-glass" hepatocytes ... In the context of hepatitis B, GGHs are only seen in chronic infections, i.e. they are not seen in acute hepatitis B. GGHs were ... Drug reaction Mallory body Viral hepatitis Micrograph showing ground glass hepatocytes. H&E stain. Micrograph showing ground ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_glass_hepatocyte

Kumar GB, Ganapathi TR, Revathi CJ, Srinivas L, Bapat VA (October 2005). "Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in ... Dendritic cell vaccines combine dendritic cells with antigens in order to present the antigens to the body's white blood cells ... such as the hepatitis B surface antigen). They can generate TH and antibody responses, but not killer T cell responses.[ ... This presents the antigen in such a way as to produce a greater action than the simple aqueous tetanus toxoid. People who have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine

... (also known as the Australia antigen) is the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It indicates current ... Today, these antigen-proteins can be genetically manufactured (e.g. transgene E. coli) to produce material for a simple antigen ... "Positive hepatitis B surface antigen tests due to recent vaccination: a persistent problem". BMC Clinical Pathology. 12 (1): 15 ... The viral envelope of an enveloped virus has different surface proteins from the rest of the virus which act as antigens. These ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBsAg

Hepatitis Weekley, Autoimmune Diseases, "Cytotoxic Antigen Induces Hypophysitis in Cancer Patients," 2006-1-9; see also, Weston ... "Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_hypophysitis

"Fibronectin and asialoglyprotein receptor mediate hepatitis B surface antigen binding to the cell surface". Arch. Virol. 155 (6 ... The asialoglycoprotein receptor may facilitate hepatic infection by multiple viruses including hepatitis B, and is also a ... "Asialoglycoprotein receptor interacts with the preS1 domain of hepatitis B virus in vivo and in vitro". Arch. Virol. 156 (4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asialoglycoprotein_receptor_1

"Identification of target antigen for SLA/LP autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis". Lancet. 355 (9214): 1510-5. doi:10.1016/ ... "Entrez Gene: SLA/LP soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antigen". Herkel J, Heidrich B, Nieraad N, Wies I, Rother M, Lohse AW ... Volkmann M, Martin L, Bäurle A, Heid H, Strassburg CP, Trautwein C, Fiehn W, Manns MP (2001). "Soluble liver antigen: isolation ... SECp43 and soluble liver antigen, in the selenoprotein synthesis machinery". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (50): 41568-75. doi:10.1074/jbc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEPSECS

West, D. J.; Calandra, G. B. (1996). "Vaccine induced immunologic memory for hepatitis B surface antigen: implications for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine-naive

Yap SF (June 2004). "Hepatitis B: review of development from the discovery of the "Australia Antigen" to end of the twentieth ... Bihl F, Negro F (May 2010). "Hepatitis E virus: a zoonosis adapting to humans". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 65 ( ... In 1963, the hepatitis B virus was discovered by Baruch Blumberg (b. 1925).[67] Reverse transcriptase, the key enzyme that ... Zetterström R (March 2008). "Nobel Prize to Baruch Blumberg for the discovery of the aetiology of hepatitis B". Acta ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_virology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterozygote_advantage

2011). "Evaluation of saliva specimens as an alternative sampling method to detect hepatitis B surface antigen". J. Clin. Lab. ... Hepatitis C has also been identified using salivary detection methods. Yaari, et al., reported in 2006 that saliva testing for ... Amado LA, Villar LM, de Paula VS, Gaspar AM (March 2008). "Comparison between serum and saliva for the detection of hepatitis A ... A 2011 study demonstrated that HBV surface antigen saliva testing using ELISA had a sensitivity and specificity of 93.6% and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva_testing

4 December 2007). "Treatment of hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic hepatitis with telbivudine or adefovir: a randomized ... and the combination in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B". Gastroenterology. 129 (2): 528-36. ... Telbivudine impairs hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA replication by leading to chain termination. It differs from the natural ... "FDA: Hepatitis B Drug Discontinued". MPR. 2016-10-05. Retrieved 2021-01-11. "Telbivudine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telbivudine

Hraber P, Kuiken C, Yusim K (December 2007). "Evidence for human leukocyte antigen heterozygote advantage against hepatitis C ... doi:10.1002/hep.21889. PMID 17935228.. *^ Rikowski A, Grammer K (May 1999). "Human body odour, symmetry and attractiveness". ... Resistance to hepatitis C virus infectionEdit. There is evidence that genetic heterozygosity in humans provides increased ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterozygous_advantage

"HLA antigens in Japanese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis". Digestion. 26 (4): 213-7. doi: ... HLA-DR2 (DR2) of the HLA-DR serotype system, is a broad antigen serotype that is now preferentially covered by HLA-DR15 and HLA ... Tissue Antigens. 69 Suppl 1: 228-30. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.77311.x. PMID 17445206. Asakura H, Tsuchiya M, Aiso S, ... primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis. DR2 is also found in all patients that test positive for anti-anti-Asn-RNA- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DR2

... there is cross-reactivity between influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cells and hepatitis C virus antigens. Cross reactivity may ... In immunology, cross-reactivity has a more narrow meaning of the reaction between an antibody and an antigen that differs from ... There can be cross-reactivity between the immune system and the antigens of two different pathogens, or between one pathogen ... For example, the tetanus toxin is a single protein macromolecular antigen but will stimulate many immune responses due to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-reactivity

"Chronic liver disease and primary liver-cell cancer with hepatitis-associated (Australia) antigen in serum". Lancet. 1 (7659): ... In this post she worked on hepatitis, which she was able to continue from 1943 to 1947 with funding from the Medical Research ... Davidson, C. S. (1969). "Discussions of the paper by Sheila Sherlock: "The treatment of hepatitis"". Bulletin of the New York ... Eisenmenger, W. (1969). "Discussions of the paper by Sheila Sherlock: "The treatment of hepatitis"". Bulletin of the New York ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_Sherlock

Kumar GB, Ganapathi TR, Revathi CJ, Srinivas L, Bapat VA (October 2005). "Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in ... Dendritic cell vaccines combine dendritic cells with antigens in order to present the antigens to the body's white blood cells ... hepatitis A, hepatitis B, polio, mumps, measles, rubella, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, HiB, chickenpox, rotavirus, influenza ... This presents the antigen in such a way as to produce a greater action than the simple aqueous tetanus toxoid. People who have ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine

Hepatitis B Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Maintain Functional Exhaustion after Antigen Reexposure in an Acute Activation Immune ... MR1 antigen presentation to mucosal-associated invariant T cells was highly conserved in evolution. Proceedings of the National ... An induced rebinding model of antigen discrimination. Trends Immunol. 2014, 35 (4): 153-8. PMC 3989030. PMID 24636916. doi: ...

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/T细胞

"Characterization of RNA-binding domains of hepatitis delta antigen". J. Gen. Virol. 74 (Pt 11): 2473-2478. PMID 8245865.. CS1 ... hepatitis G. Viri[uredi , uredi kodo]. *↑ http://lsm1.amebis.si/lsmeds/novPogoj.aspx?pPogoj=hepatitis, Slovenski medicinski e- ... Taylor JM (2006). "Hepatitis delta virus". Virology. 344 (1): 71-76. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.033. PMID 16364738.. ... Hepatitis D je oblika hepatitisa, ki ga povzroča virus hepatitisa D (VHD); le-ta za svoj razvoj potrebuje virus hepatitisa B. ...

https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D

"First Antigen Rapid Test for Ebola through Emergency Assessment and Eligible for Procurement". World Health Organization (WHO ... and viral hepatitis among others.[104] ... a rapid antigen test which gives results in 15 minutes was ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

"Chronic Hepatitis After Hepatitis E Virus Infection in a Patient With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Taking Rituximab" (PDF). Retrieved ... It increases MHC II and adhesion molecules LFA-1 and LFA-3 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen). ... Rituximab has been reported as a possible cofactor in a chronic Hepatitis E infection in a person with lymphoma. Hepatitis E ... Other severe side effects include reactivation of hepatitis B in those previously infected, progressive multifocal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituximab

"Large-scale candidate gene analysis of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus". J. Infect. Dis. 201 (9): 1371-80. doi ... "Expression of apolipoprotein C-IV is regulated by Ku antigen/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma complex and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_C4

... has been reported as a possible cofactor in a chronic Hepatitis E infection in a person with lymphoma. Hepatitis E ... It increases MHC II and adhesion molecules LFA-1 and LFA-3 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen). ... Other severe side effects include reactivation of hepatitis B in those previously infected, progressive multifocal ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituximab

However, immunofluorescence essays provide less definitive proof of Lassa infection.[7] An ELISA test for antigen and ... ELISA antigen assays, plaque neutralization assays, and immunofluorescence essays. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever

Liver biopsy can verify inflammation and necrosis of hepatocytes and detect viral antigens. Because of the bleeding tendency of ... Mitchell misdiagnosed the disease that he observed and treated, and the disease was probably Weil's disease or hepatitis. See: ... ribavirin in reducing liver pathology in yellow fever virus infection may be similar to its activity in treatment of hepatitis ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever

The immune complexes are formed by binding of antibodies to antigens in the glomerular basement membrane. The antigens may be ... Within membranous glomerulonephritis, especially in cases caused by viral hepatitis, serum C3 levels are low.[7] ... Other studies have implicated neutral endopeptidase and cationic bovine serum albumin as antigens.[4] ... "M-type phospholipase A2 receptor as target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy". The New England Journal of Medicine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranous_nephritis

Hepatitis. DNA virus. HBV (B). RNA virus. CBV. HAV (A). HCV (C). HDV (D). HEV (E). HGV (G). ... A map of the genome of JC virus, indicating the position of the tumor antigen genes (red), the three capsid protein genes ( ... Further research is needed to determine the exact etiological role of T-antigen, but there seems to be a connection to the ... T-antigen, also plays a key role in viral proliferation,[11] directing the initiation of DNA replication for the virus as well ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jc_virus

... is to conjugate the antigens. Conjugation is the attachment to the antigen of another substance which also generates an immune ... A more contemporary approach for "boosting" the immune response to simpler immunogenic molecules (known as antigens) ... In the future it might be possible to artificially design antibodies to fit specific antigens, then produce them in large ... response, thus amplifying the overall response and causing a more robust immune memory to the antigen. For example, a toxoid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_induction_of_immunity

... antigen - antigen presentation - antigen-presenting cell (APC) - antineoplastic - antiprotozoal - antiretroviral drugs - ... hepatitis - hepatitis C and HIV coinfection - hepatomegaly - herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) - herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) - ... human leukocyte antigens (HLA) - human papilloma virus (HPV) - human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) - human T cell ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_AIDS-related_topics

These cells bind antigens presented on MHC I complex of virus-infected or tumour cells and kill them. Nearly all nucleated ... Infectious diseases - viral (AIDS, SARS, West Nile encephalitis, hepatitis, herpes, measles, others), bacterial (TB, typhoid, ... Basophils are chiefly responsible for allergic and antigen response by releasing the chemical histamine causing the dilation of ... Dendritic cells (Although these will often migrate to local lymph nodes upon ingesting antigens) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_cell

Family Nackednaviridae - e.g. African cichlid nackednavirus (ACNDV), formerly named African cichlid hepatitis B virus (ACHBV).[ ... Group-specific antigen (gag) proteins are major components of the viral capsid, which are about 2000-4000 copies per virion. ... "Deciphering the Origin and Evolution of Hepatitis B Viruses by Means of a Family of Non-enveloped Fish Viruses". Cell Host & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SsRNA-RT_virus

In 1985, the first human vaccine obtained by genetic engineering from animal cells, the vaccine against hepatitis B, was ... as an antigen, Richard F. J. Pfeiffer introduced it in the abdomen of a guinea pig already vaccinated against this disease, and ... and hepatitis B. The discovery and use of sulfonamides in treating infections was another breakthrough. Some researchers won ... and they deduced that it can play the role of antigen, that is if they could overcome the delicate moment of its injection, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_Institute

... whether in the form of viral hepatitis (e.g. hepatitis B or hepatitis C),[22][23][24] alcoholic liver disease, or cirrhosis of ... Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 are often elevated, but are not sensitive or specific enough to be ... hepatitis C, hepatitis B, infection with certain liver fluke, and some congenital liver malformations.[1][3][8] However, most ... doi:10.1002/hep.20537. PMID 15690474.. *^ Holzinger F, Z'graggen K, Büchler MW (1999). "Mechanisms of biliary carcinogenesis: a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholangiocarcinoma

"Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome". Science 244 (4902): 359-62. April ... Detection by Immune Electron Microscopy of a Viruslike Antigen Associated with Acute Illness". Science 182 (4116): 1026-1028. ... Feinstone, Stephen M.; Kapikian, Albert Z.; Purcell, Robert H. (1973). "Hepatitis A: ...

https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/ஸ்டீபன்_பெயின்ஸ்டோன்

The alpha-3 subunit (COL4A3) of collagen IV is thought to be the antigen implicated in Goodpasture syndrome, wherein the immune ... "Serum Collagen Type IV for the Assessment of Fibrosis and Resistance to Interferon Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C". ... IV concentrations correlate with hepatic tissue levels of collagen IV in subjects with alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis C ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_IV_collagen

The tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen (usually a protein or ... "Hepatitis C". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2013-04-25.. ... Using a similar basis as described above, immunoassays can detect or measure antigens from either infectious agents or the ... This technique is the current standard for detecting viral infections such as AIDS and hepatitis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_microbiology

Usually, a target cell line expressing a certain surface-exposed antigen is incubated with antibody specific for that antigen. ... whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies.[1] It is one of the mechanisms through which antibodies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-dependent_cellular_cytotoxicity

Alter co-discovered the Australia antigen, a key to detecting hepatitis B virus. For many investigators that would be the ... Alter and his research team demonstrated that most post-transfusion hepatitis cases were not due to hepatitis A and hepatitis B ... Alter and his research team demonstrated that most post-transfusion hepatitis cases were not due to hepatitis A and hepatitis B ... This work eventually led to the discovery of the hepatitis C virus. In 1988 the new hepatitis virus was confirmed by Alter's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter

1 - antigen. 2 - IgE antibody. 3 - FcεRI receptor. 4 - preformed mediators (histamine, proteases, chemokines, heparin). 5 - ... Other widely promoted tests such as the antigen leukocyte cellular antibody test and the food allergy profile are considered ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy

Schwann cell antigen. Neuritis, paralysis. Hashimoto's thyroiditis[1]. Thyroglobulin antigen. Hypothyroidism, hard goiter, ... Target antigen. Effects. Allergic contact dermatitis[1]. Environmental chemicals, like urushiol (from poison ivy and poison oak ... Myelin antigens (e.g., myelin basic protein). Myelin destruction, inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis[1]. Possibly collagen and/ ... CD4+ Th1 helper T cells recognize antigen in a complex with the MHC class II major histocompatibility complex on the surface of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_IV_delayed_hypersensitivity_reaction

... has a 10-40-fold preference for hemimethylated DNA and interacts with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).[51] ... The Human Epigenome Project (HEP). *The Epigenome Network of Excellence (NoE). *Canadian Epigenetics, Environment and Health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetic

For development of a system to study the replication of the virus that causes hepatitis C and for use of this system to ... cells-the preeminent component of the immune system that initiates and regulates the body's response to foreign antigens.[34] ... Discovery of the virus that causes hepatitis C and the development of screening methods that reduced the risk of blood ... transfusion-associated hepatitis in the U.S. from 30% in 1970 to virtually zero in 2000.[56] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasker_Foundation

... the first known hepatitis with a viral etiological agent was Hepatitis A, in the picornaviridae family. Hepatis B Virus (HBV) ... surface antigens-preS1, preS2, and S, the X protein and HBeAg. The X protein is thought to be non-structural. Its function and ... Endogenous hepatitis B virus genomes have been described in crocodilian, snake and turtle genomes.[7] This suggests that these ... Hepatitis viruses have been described in fish and amphibians also.[4] This suggests that this family has co evolved with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepadnaviridae

It has been suggested that absorption of trichophyton fungal antigens can give rise to immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody ... Hepatitis C, or HIV. Davies et al. surveyed podiatrists and found that 41% of them complained of eye problems, particularly ... of the population has allergic antibodies to fungal antigens, and half of them, that is 5% of the population, would be ... of podiatry drill burrs potentially expose the healthcare worker to aerosols containing bloodborne pathogens such as Hepatitis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_human_nail_dust

Blood is usually collected and tested for common or serious Blood-borne diseases including Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV. ... Approximately 25 of these membrane proteins carry the various blood group antigens, such as the A, B and Rh antigens, among ... Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens *^ a b Pierigè F, Serafini S, Rossi L, Magnani M (January 2008). "Cell-based drug delivery ... Kidd antigen protein - urea transporter;. *RhAG - gas transporter, probably of carbon dioxide, defines Rh Blood Group and the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cells

Immureboost presented a product at the Therapies for Viral Hepatitis Symposium to Boston Scientists. The ... In this sense V1 is similar to the first generation of commercial Hepatitis B vaccine, which contained pooled viral antigens ... Separately, three patients who were Hepatitis B antigen positive became negative after V1 therapy. In contrast, patients who ... Hepatitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease which may culminate in liver cancer. Hepatitis B causes 60% to ...

http://www.prweb.com/releases/2007/10/prweb558369.htm

Hepatitis core antigen (IPR002006). Short name: Hepatitis_core Overlapping homologous superfamilies *Viral capsid core domain ... This entry represent the core antigen of the viral capsid (HBcAg) from various Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is a major human ... The capsid is composed of a single polypeptide, HBcAg, also known as the core antigen. The capsid has a 5-helical fold, where ... This viral capsid acts as a core antigen, the major immunodominant region lying at the tips of the alpha-helical hairpins that ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR002006

Hepatitis-associated antigen in chronic hepatitis. Br Med J 1973; 3 :49 ... Hepatitis-associated antigen in chronic hepatitis.. Br Med J 1973; 3 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.3.5870.49-a (Published 07 ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/3/5870/49.2/article-info

Reactive Hepatitis B Surface Antigen will reflex to the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Confirmatory neutralization test for an ... Home : For health professionals : Refer a patient : Laboratory Services : Test Table : HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN ...

http://www.legacyhealth.org/for-health-professionals/refer-a-patient/laboratory-services/test-table/hepatitis-b-surface-antigen.aspx

Definition of hepatitis B e antigen. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical terms and ... hepatitis B e antigen. Definition: an antigen, or group of antigens, associated with hepatitis B infection and distinct from ... the surface antigen (HBsAg) and the core antigen (HBcAg); it is associated with the viral nucleocapsid. Its presence indicates ...

https://www.drugs.com/dict/hepatitis-b-e-antigen.html

HbS antigen. positive. hep e antigen.Negative.HBV DNA.Negative.I am on treatment with lumividine tab 100 mg/day for about 3 yrs ... I am diagnosed as Hep B carrier.My test reports: ... Hep B surface antigen positive. I am diagnosed as Hep B carrier ... I am diagnosed as Hep B carrier.My test reports:HbS antigen. positive. hep e antigen.Negative.HBV DNA.Negative.I am on ... hep e antigen.Negative.HBV DNA.Negative.I am on treatment with lumividine tab 100 mg/day for about 3 yrs.My ALT level & liver ...

http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Hepatitis-B/Hep-B-surface-antigen-positive/show/1308466

... gene of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Agrobacteriummediated transformation. Four different expression... ... Agrobacterium Edible vaccine Embryogenic cells Hepatitis B surface antigen Transgenic banana Abbreviations. ADS. Adenine ... Mason HS, Lam DMK, Arntzen CJ (1992) Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic plants. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 89: ... Rasthali (AAB) have been transformed with the s gene of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Agrobacterium mediated ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00425-005-1556-y

Identification and Management of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)--Positive Persons. Persons with chronic hepatitis B virus ... obtain vaccination against hepatitis A if chronic liver disease is present (2). *When seeking medical or dental care, HBsAg- ... Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization ... Hepatitis B virus transmission between children in day care. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989;8:870--5. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5516a4.htm

2013 Sep;58(3):881-9. doi: 10.1002/hep.26415. Epub 2013 Jul 29. Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; ... Synergism of tapasin and human leukocyte antigens in resolving hepatitis C virus infection.. Ashraf S1, Nitschke K, Warshow UM ... Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I presents viral peptides to CD8+ T cells to permit detection of infected cells, and ... CD8+ T-cell responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) are important in generating a successful immune response and spontaneously ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23532923?dopt=Abstract

Hepatitis b surface antigen definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation ... hepatitis b surface antigen in Medicine Expand. hepatitis B surface antigen n. Abbr. HBsAg An antigen of the small spherical ... and filamentous forms of hepatitis B antibodies that is also present on the Dane particle. ... Nearby words for hepatitis b surface antigen. * hepatitis a * hepatitis a virus ...

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/hepatitis-b-surface-antigen

Hepatitis b e antigen definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look ... hepatitis b e antigen in Medicine Expand. hepatitis B e antigen n. Abbr. HBe, HBeAg A core protein antigen of the hepatitis B ...

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/hepatitis-b-e-antigen

Hepatitis B virus-specific (HBV-specific) T cells have been identified as main effector cells in HBV clearance. In contrast, B ... cells producing neutralizing antibodies against the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) have been studied in little detail, mainly due ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/124098/figure/1

Western and dot immunoblotting analysis of viral antigens and antibodies: application to murine hepatitis virus.. Talbot PJ, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6208281?dopt=Abstract

What is viral hepatitis antigens? Meaning of viral hepatitis antigens medical term. What does viral hepatitis antigens mean? ... Looking for online definition of viral hepatitis antigens in the Medical Dictionary? viral hepatitis antigens explanation free ... viral hepatitis antigens. vi·ral hep·a·ti·tis an·ti·gens (vīrăl hepă-tītis anti-jĕnz) Immunogenic components of hepatitis ... Viral hepatitis antigens , definition of viral hepatitis antigens by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary. ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/viral+hepatitis+antigens

Buy our Recombinant Hepatitis A Virus Surface Antigen protein. Ab68870 is an active protein fragment produced in Escherichia ... Recombinant Hepatitis A Virus Surface Antigen protein. See all Hepatitis A Virus Surface Antigen proteins and peptides. ... Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the causative agent of type A viral hepatitis, is spread by faecal-oral contact or ingestion of ... Microbiology Organism Virus RNA Virus ssRNA positive strand virus Hepatitis A/C/E/G ...

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Buy our Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus E Antigen protein. Ab91273 is an active full length protein produced in Escherichia coli ... Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) is a viral protein associated with HBV infections. Unlike the surface antigen, the e-antigen is ... When the virus goes into "hiding," the e-antigen will no longer be present in the blood. HBeAg is often used as a marker of ... of HBV that do not make e-antigen; these are especially common in the Middle East and Asia. In areas where these strains of HBV ...

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B news Hepatitis B Outreach hepatitis B vaccine hepatitis C hepatitis D hepatocellular carcinoma HepB hep B Hep B Awareness Hep ... Hepatitis B Diagnosis & Monitoring, Hepatitis B Prevention, Living with Hepatitis B Youve Lost the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ... Tag Archives: hepatitis B surface antigen. Hepatitis B Diagnosis & Monitoring, Hepatitis B Treatment ... discrimination HBV vaccine HCC HCV HDV hepatitis B Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Foundation Hepatitis B Foundation Events Hepatitis ...

https://www.hepb.org/blog/tag/hepatitis-b-surface-antigen/

PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN. The rate of positive results for hepatitis B surface antigen was 0.7% in our ... All blood samples positive for hepatitis B surface antigen were also tested for hepatitis B e antigen and its antibody (Abbott ... Failure of neonatal hepatitis B vaccination: the role of HBV-DNA levels in hepatitis B carrier mothers and HLA antigens in ... Of the 705 women positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, 118 (16.7%) were positive for the e antigen. The rate of positive ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/311/7014/1197

Most patients do not turn their surface antigen to negative on treatment. The next best results we hope... ... The length of treatment will depend on your type of hepatitis B infection - e antigen negative or e antigen positive. Discuss ... Ask the Experts > Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection > Q & A Antigen positive to Non-reactive. Sep 25, 2005 How long is the ... Most patients do not turn their surface antigen to negative on treatment. The next best results we hope for is to turn the ...

http://www.thebody.com/Forums/AIDS/Hepatitis/Q168558.html

... then the surface antigen can mean a chronic carrier state that is inactive due to no virus in her blood. Yes I would agree that ... If your wife is at risk for hepatitis B, ... hep B Surface Antigen Positive. Feb 4, 2006 My wife recently ... If your wife is at risk for hepatitis B, then the surface antigen can mean a chronic carrier state that is inactive due to no ... Yes I would agree that she should see a specialist to be certain that: 1. The hepatitis B surface antigen was confirmed. 2. To ...

http://www.thebody.com/Forums/AIDS/Hepatitis/Q171851.html

"Australia antigen", later renamed HBsAg (for hepatitis B surface antigen), in patient blood [6]. HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen) ... Milich D, Liang J. Exploring the biological basis of hepatitis B e antigen in hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology. 2003 ;38 ... Antigenic determinants and functional domains in core antigen and e antigen from hepatitis B virus. J. Virol. 1989 ;63:798-808 ... Mutation preventing formation of the hepatitis B e antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Lancet. 1989 ;2:588- ...

https://www.medsci.org/v02p0002.htm

This invention relates to a DNA fragment comprising a base sequence encoding a non-A non-B hepatitis-specific antigen ... Non-A non-B hepatitis specific antigen and its use in hepatitis ... hepatitis B, hepatitis D and other hepatitis symptoms caused by ... with serum from a normal person or non-A non-B hepatitis patient, wherein the antigens used are a purified antigen in A, an ... 1. An isolated DNA fragment coding for a non-A non-B hepatitis-specific antigen polyopeptide, said DNA fragment having a ...

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Browse our Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen all backed by our Guarantee+. ... Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen available through Novus Biologicals. ...

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Browse our Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibody catalog backed by our Guarantee+. ... Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies available through Novus Biologicals. ... Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies. We offer Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies for use in common research applications ... Choose from our Hepatitis A Surface Antigen monoclonal antibodies.. Alternate Names for Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies ...

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LBDHBG - Hepatitis B surface antigen. Variable Name: LBDHBG SAS Label: Hepatitis B surface antigen. English Text: Hepatitis B ... LBDHD - Hepatitis D (anti-HDV). Variable Name: LBDHD SAS Label: Hepatitis D (anti-HDV). English Text: Hepatitis D (anti-HDV). ... Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody (HEPBD_G) Data File: HEPBD_G.xpt First Published: September ... The Hepatitis B surface antigen is tested only when the Hepatitis B core antibody test is positive. Participant results are ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2011-2012/HEPBD_G.htm

LBDHBG - Hepatitis B surface antigen. Variable Name: LBDHBG. SAS Label: Hepatitis B surface antigen. English Text: Hepatitis B ... Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody (HEPBD_D) Data File: HEPBD_D.xpt First Published: February ... LBDHD - Hepatitis D (anti-HDV). Variable Name: LBDHD. SAS Label: Hepatitis D (anti-HDV). English Text: Hepatitis D (anti-HDV). ... LBXHBC - Hepatitis B core antibody. Variable Name: LBXHBC. SAS Label: Hepatitis B core antibody. English Text: Hepatitis B core ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2005-2006/HEPBD_D.htm

Hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C and HIV antibodies in a low-risk blood donor group, Nigeria Egah, D.Z.; Banwat, E.B. ... Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibodies among blood donors in Alexandria, Egypt Wasfi, O.A ... Serum level of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen 6-8 years after hepatitis B vaccination at birth Kazemi, A.; Koosha, A.; ... were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen [‎HBsAg]‎ and anti-hepatitis C virus [‎HCV]‎ antibodies. A total of 119 donors [‎ ...

http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/137473

History of Hepatitis B; Detection of antigen in serum of acute hepatitis; Comments on delta agent of the antigen. ... Association of the discovery of the Australia antigen or hepatitis-associated antigen with... ... Hepatitis-Associated Antigen and Viruses. London, W. Thomas // Annals of Internal Medicine;Apr73, Vol. 78 Issue 4, p624 Reviews ... Familial hepatoma with hepatitis-associated antigen. Denison, Edward K.; Peters, Robert L.; Reynolds, Telfer B.; Denison, E K; ...

http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/64098952/hepatitis-associated-antigen-liver-disease-kenya

Different guidelines exist for the management of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected healthcare workers (HCWs). Various HBV DNA ... Different guidelines exist for the management of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected healthcare workers (HCWs). Various HBV DNA ... Hepatitis B e antigen-positive Healthcare Workers More in this Section.... Infection Prevention and Safety Issue TOOLKITS. ...

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Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen Antibody (13A9), MA1-7606, from Invitrogen™. Species Reactivity: Virus; Applications: ELISA, ... The antigens in the outer surface are called as hepatitis B virus surface antigens. Core antigens are localized within the ... Antibodies to surface antigens appear in circulation at an early stage of infection whereas the antibodies to the core antigens ... The antigenic activity of the nucleocapsid core is designated as hepatitis B core antigen. ...

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Rasthali (AAB) have been transformed with the ' s ' gene of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Agrobacterium mediated transformation. (springer.com)
In contrast, B cells producing neutralizing antibodies against the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) have been studied in little detail, mainly due to methodical limitations. (jci.org)
HBsAg, the protein that makes up the surface of the virus, is what labs look for in a blood sample to determine if a person is currently infected with hepatitis B. (hepb.org)
The strange thing about HBsAg, is that each hepatitis B virus requires only about 100 HBsAg molecules to provide its envelope protein, but the virus produces about 100- to 1 million-times more HBsAg than is needed, leaving millions of HBsAg circulating in the bloodstream," explained Timothy Block, president of the Hepatitis B Foundation and the Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, the foundation's research arm. (hepb.org)
Bottom line: A low or undetectable HBsAg level means patients are winning the war against hepatitis B and their risk of liver damage is greatly reduced. (hepb.org)
According to Quest Diagnostics, which created the test, measuring HBsAg levels better identifies which patients are at risk of hepatitis B reactivation. (hepb.org)
The virus was first discovered as "Australia antigen", later renamed HBsAg (for hepatitis B surface antigen), in patient blood [ 6 ]. (medsci.org)
Hepatitis B patients also contain circulating antibodies against HBcAg (hepatitis B core antigen), and will develop antibodies against HBeAg and HBsAg (anti-HBe and anti-HBs) at later stages of infection. (medsci.org)
We determined the serum level of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen [‎anti-HBsAg]‎ in 273 randomly selected 7-9-year-old schoolchildren from Zanjan City, Islamic Republic of Iran, who had been fully vaccinated against hepatitis B starting at birth. (who.int)
The 55 codons upstream of the gene sequence encoding the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are called the pre-S(2) region. (sciencemag.org)
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is an incomplete RNA virus that needs hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to help its replication. (clinicaltrials.gov)
To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection among HBsAg positive individuals. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Changes of HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients after 5 years of entecavir treatment. (curehunter.com)
Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) kinetics in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B. (curehunter.com)
Mutations that occur within the immunodominant epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) allow mutant virus to propagate in the presence of a neutralizing immune response, while wild-type virus is reduced to undetectable levels. (cdc.gov)
An understanding of immunoassay reactivity with HBsAg mutants is key to establishing an appropriate testing algorithm for hepatitis B virus detection programs. (cdc.gov)
This article addresses recent information concerning the emergence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) mutants, their impact on viral antigen presentation, latest prevalence data, and discussion of the issues associated with detection of mutants in healthcare settings. (cdc.gov)
Treatment with a combination of tenofovir and pegylated interferon yielded higher rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss than when either drug was used singly. (hcplive.com)
A documented past history of hepatitis, living in 'asocial' wards in which at least one HBsAg carrier was present, long institutionalization (is greater than 10 yrs.), admission to the institution between ages 5 and 19, a present age between 20 and 39, and being male were associated with the presence of anti-HBs. (arctichealth.org)
112 (34%) were females, 258 (79%) were injecting drug users (IDU), 25 (8%) were men who have sex with men (MSM), and 20 (6%) were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive. (arctichealth.org)
The occurrence of the delta (delta) agent was analyzed in 89 patients with acute hepatitis B infection during 1976-1979 in Gothenburg, Sweden, and in 46 patients (16 drug addicts) with chronic HBsAg-positive liver disease. (arctichealth.org)
HBsAg is the surface antigenof the Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV). (prospecbio.com)
HBsAg is a serological marker produced on the surface of the hepatitis B virus and is one of the first disease state markers to be detected in the serum of patients infected with the hepatitis B virus. (prospecbio.com)
Pregnant women are screened for a different antigen, the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that also show an active infection with hepatitis B. If that test is positive, the HBeAg test may be done, along with tests such as the HBV DNA concentration and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test for liver health. (verywell.com)
In hepatitis B, it's common to test for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). (verywell.com)
This guidance provides recommendations for a requalification method or process for the reentry of deferred donors who test repeatedly reactive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), confirmed positive by neutralization, following a recent vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and who are not infected by HBV. (fda.gov)
To explore the predictive value of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titer and transient elastography in screening for insignificant fibrosis in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. (dovepress.com)
We assessed the serum HBsAg level, serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level, HBV genotypes, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values by transient elastography, and histological fibrosis staging by METAVIR classification. (dovepress.com)
Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) is an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is downregulated during hepatocarcinogenesis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
An open-label randomized study was undertaken to compare a 2-dose regimen (Months 0 and 6) of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine formulated with a novel adjuvant (HBsAg/AS04) with a standard 3-dose regimen (Months 0, 1 and 6) of licensed recombinant HBsAg vaccine in terms of immunogenicity and reactogenicity when administered to healthy subjects aged between 15 and 40 y. (arctichealth.org)
Hepatitis B Virus Surface antigen (HBsAg) standard, for use in running standard curves in AlphaLISA assays. (perkinelmer.com)
A total of 69 persons were investigated for assessment of cell-mediated and humoral immunity to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). (asm.org)
Three groups, each consisting of 20 normal persons, 20HBsAg carriers, and 20 convalescent hepatitis B patients, were studied for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and leukocyte migration inhibition with purified HBsAg. (asm.org)
Sequential sampling if an additional group of nine acute hepatitis B patients defined the cellular and humoral immune response to HBsAg. (asm.org)
The antigen was eliminated rapidly by mounting of cell-mediated immune response detectable for a limited period, followed by antibody response in relatively few patients moore than 3 months after clearance of circulating HBsAg. (asm.org)
Thirty-five cases with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity known prior to initiation of TNF-α inhibitors were identified. (springer.com)
While such reactivation may be due to a variety of reasons, clinicians prescribing TNF-α inhibitors to HBsAg-positive patients should consider prophylactic antiviral therapy and close monitoring for any clinical or serological evidence of hepatitis. (springer.com)
The age-specific prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody was studied in a random sample of Gilbert and Ellice islanders over the age of 10 years living in Nauru. (ajtmh.org)
The original term for the Australian antigen, now called hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). (thefreedictionary.com)
Percentage of HBsAg-positive subjects detected using the hepatitis sAg/eAg test versus the HBsAg standard provided by NIBSC. (asm.org)
For comparing factors between AHB patients with viral persistence and those with self-limited infection, 212 AHB patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection were observed in 38 liver centers until serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) disappeared or a minimum of 6 months in cases where HBsAg persisted. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Many cell types efficiently present an epitope of the hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) to murine class I-restricted CTL following an in vitro pulse with native 22-nm HBsAg particles. (jimmunol.org)
We have analyzed the molecular bases of the persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in hemodialysis patients and dialysis-unit staff members who had suffered acute hepatitis B that resolved previously. (nih.gov)
No serum HBsAg/hepatitis B surface antigen antibody (anti-HBs) immune complexes or mutations in the "a determinant of the S gene were found. (nih.gov)
HBsAg serum level (quantification) may be useful for managing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection patients. (scirp.org)
The objective of this study was to estimate the correlation between HBsAg serum level and liver fibrosis severity with treatment naive chronic hepatitis B patients in Cote d'Ivoire. (scirp.org)
Conclusion: This study shows that there's a negative correlation between HBsAg serum level and liver fibrosis severity treatment naive with African chronic hepatitis B viral HBeAg-negative patients. (scirp.org)
The hepatitis virus consists of a core containing DNA ( HBV-DNA ) with an enzyme known as DNA polymerase that assists with viral replication and is surrounded by surface proteins ( HBsAg ). (healthhype.com)
The surface proteins surrounding the viral core is known as the hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ). (healthhype.com)
Home » Products » Health Beauty » Diagnosis Equipment » HBsAg Test Strip/Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Test In total 213268 number ofProductsinfo，Released today. (dahmw.org)

This entry represent the core antigen of the viral capsid (HBcAg) from various Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is a major human pathogen. (ebi.ac.uk)
The capsid is composed of a single polypeptide, HBcAg, also known as the core antigen. (ebi.ac.uk)
Molecular cloning and sequencing of the HBV genome led to the redefinition of the three HBV antigens as viral gene products endowed with specific functions in viral life cycle [for an in-depth review on the molecular biology of HBV, see ref. 13].The HBcAg and HBeAg are alternative translation products of the core gene, with HBeAg translation requiring an upstream precore region ATG codon (Fig. 2 ). (medsci.org)
This involves the reaction of anti-HBc in the sample with hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) coated wells. (cdc.gov)
Several assays have been developed for the measurement of serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) or hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) concentrations ( 1 , 3 , 16 ). (asm.org)
Since HBeAg and HBcAg share a 149-amino-acid sequence identity, they are collectively called hepatitis B core-related antigens (HBcrAg) ( 5 , 13 ). (asm.org)
In this assay, the specimens were pretreated so that HBeAg and HBcAg were released from the patients' own anti-HBe and anti-HBc antibody-antigen complexes, respectively. (asm.org)

Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) is a viral protein associated with HBV infections. (abcam.com)
successful treatment will usually eliminate HBeAg from the blood and lead to development of antibodies against e-antigen (anti-HBe). (abcam.com)
The core promoter mutants express less HBe antigen (HBeAg) through transcriptional down regulation, while precore mutants express truncated products. (medsci.org)
HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen) was identified several years later as a marker for patients at high risk for transmission of the disease [ 20 ]. (medsci.org)
Hepatitis B e antigen positive (HBeAg-positive) children are at high risk of severe complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. (hindawi.com)
By revisiting our previous screen of microRNA plasma levels in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and in healthy controls, candidate microRNAs with aberrant plasma expressions in HBeAg-positive children were identified. (hindawi.com)
Risk of progressive liver disease primarily applies to hepatitis B e antigen positive (HBeAg-positive) children and seroclearance of HBeAg is a key event in the natural course of disease [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
HBeAg stands for hepatitis B e-antigen . (verywell.com)
People with chronic hepatitis B can show seroconversion-the levels of HBeAg dropping until they're undetectable while levels of anti-HBe antibodies develop. (verywell.com)
Interestingly, there are strains of hepatitis B virus that don't produce HBeAg. (verywell.com)
They can have an active Hepatitis B infection without a positive HBeAg test . (verywell.com)
Liaw Y-F. HBeAg Seroconversion as an Important End Point in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology International . (verywell.com)
The proliferative response of PBMC to hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope, core, and e Ag was analyzed prospectively in 21 patients with acute self-limited HBV infection and compared with the response of patients with chronic HBV infection and different levels of HBV replication (i.e., hepatitis e Ag (HBeAg)- or anti-HBe-positive) and liver damage (i.e., chronic active hepatitis or chronic asymptomatic carriers). (jimmunol.org)
Percentage of HBeAg-positive subjects detected using the hepatitis sAg/eAg test versus the PEI HBeAg standard. (asm.org)
The objectives of this review were to assess the effects of the sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and interferon compared to interferon alone in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Glucocorticosteroid pretreatment was associated with a significantly higher frequency of loss of hepatitis B markers (HBeAg and HBV DNA), but had no significant effect on clinical outcomes. (cochrane.org)
Mellerup MT, Krogsgaard K, Mathurin P, Gluud C, Poynard T. Sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and alfa interferon versus alfa interferon alone for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 3. (cochrane.org)

In this sense V1 is similar to the first generation of commercial Hepatitis B vaccine, which contained pooled viral antigens derived from the blood of hepatitis B carriers. (prweb.com)
Western and dot immunoblotting analysis of viral antigens and antibodies: application to murine hepatitis virus. (nih.gov)
This assay detected picogram quantities of viral antigens and antibodies. (nih.gov)
And B-cells, so they don't generate the antibodies needed to destroy the viral antigens that make up the virus. (hepb.org)
Two-step immunohistochemical staining showed the expression of viral antigens in situ. (unboundmedicine.com)

Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2019;130:104-118 Authors: Alter HJ Abstract The modern age of viral hepatitis began in the early 1960s with the serendipitous discovery of the Australia antigen, a protein that was later shown to represent the envelope of the hepatitis B virus leading to its designation as the hepatitis B surface antigen. (medworm.com)
Authors: Mak LY, Ko KL, To WP, Wong DK, Seto WK, Fung J, Yuen MF Abstract Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) was shown to predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing treatment. (medworm.com)

Unvaccinated sex partners and household and needle-sharing contacts should be tested for susceptibility to HBV infection (see Appendix A, Prevaccination Serologic Testing for Susceptibility) and should receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine immediately after collection of blood for serologic testing. (cdc.gov)
Since the availability of hepatitis B vaccine the prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus has become feasible. (bmj.com)
Duration of Immunity After Hepatitis B Vaccination: Efficacy of Low-Dose Booster Vaccine. (ebscohost.com)
Studies health care workers three years after initial vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine to determine the prevalence of immunity indicated by levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. (ebscohost.com)
Decline of vaccine coverage for hepatitis B. (ebscohost.com)
A 2-dose regimen of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine with the immune stimulant AS04 compared with the standard 3-dose regimen of Engerix-B in healthy young adults. (arctichealth.org)
In 1991, the World at least 6-8 years before with 3 doses of Health Organization (WHO) recommended hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth to that hepatitis B vaccination be included provide information on the effect of the in national immunization programmes in immunization strategy for hepatitis B and countries with a hepatitis B surface antigen the need for booster doses. (who.int)
This was the first marker for any hepatitis virus and became not only a diagnostic assay, but also a mandatory blood donor screening test and the basis for the first generation hepatitis B vaccine. (medworm.com)
Hepatitis B vaccine is effective in preventing infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), but its duration of protection is unknown. (ovid.com)
Breakthrough cases of Hepatitis B are primarily attributed to mutations in the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that make HBV surface proteins unrecognizable to antibodies produced from the HBV vaccine. (wikipedia.org)

A boost in antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was defined as a fourfold rise in levels to ≥20 mIU/mL that was not accompanied by the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen or attributable to interim vaccination. (ovid.com)

A core protein antigen of the hepatitis B virus distinct from both the surface and core antigens. (dictionary.com)
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is known to express a protein termed the small delta antigen, a structural protein which is also essential for genome replication. (asm.org)
The antigen is a protein that binds specifically on one of these surface proteins. (prospecbio.com)
This antigen is a protein from the hepatitis B virus that circulates in infected blood when the virus is actively replicating. (verywell.com)
An antigen is a protein that stimulates an immune system response, causing your body to produce antibodies to fight invaders. (verywell.com)
Three of the children had antibodies to hepatitis B core protein. (who.int)
Hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) is a nuclear protein that is intimately involved in hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA replication. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The viral genomic RNA (G-RNA) is first replicated into the full-length antigenomic RNA (AG-RNA) and is also transcribed into a 0.8-kb mRNA, which encodes the only HDV protein, hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Reduction of hepatitis B surface antigen levels and hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving 10 years of nucleoside analogue therapy. (curehunter.com)
Entecavir Reduced Serum Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. (medworm.com)
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Serum Level Is Correlated with Fibrosis Severity in Treatment-Naïve, Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa)? (scirp.org)

This paper describes six mother and infant pairs where the mother developed serum hepatitis during pregnancy. (bmj.com)
Risk factors for long-term persistence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen following acute hepatitis B virus infection in Japanese adults. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Association of the discovery of the Australia antigen or hepatitis-associated antigen with. (ebscohost.com)

The Immureboost Company presented poster 'Normalization of Elevated Liver Enzymes due to V-1 Immureboost Therapy' at the international symposium Therapies for Viral Hepatitis held in Boston on October 29-31, 2002. (prweb.com)
Hepatitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease which may culminate in liver cancer. (prweb.com)
Hepatitis B causes 60% to 80% of the world's primary liver cancer with over one million people dying annually. (prweb.com)
Diagnosis of virally induced chronic hepatitis is often made when a patient presents elevated liver enzyme levels known as alanine (ALT or SGPT) and aspartate (AST or SGOT) aminotransferases. (prweb.com)
hep e antigen.Negative.HBV DNA.Negative.I am on treatment with lumividine tab 100 mg/day for about 3 yrs.My ALT level & liver ultrasound test normal.I wish to go abroad for a job and there Hep.B Surface antigen is tested.If one is positive, it is a sure rejection.Can inj. (medhelp.org)
Persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at high risk for chronic liver disease and are a major reservoir of HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
The core promoter mutants have been associated with the development of fulminant hepatitis during acute infection and liver cancer during chronic infection. (medsci.org)
Investigation of SEN Virus Infection in Patients with Cryptogenic Acute Liver Failure, Hepatitis-Associated Aplastic Anemia, or Acute and Chronic Non--A--E Hepatitis. (ebscohost.com)
The hepatitis-associated liver injury in HIV-infected cases has been one of the important reasons for mortality and morbidity in. (ebscohost.com)
The article discusses the increasing threats of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), which attacks the liver cells and leads to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. (ebscohost.com)
Exacerbation of chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B surface antigen after delta infection. (ebscohost.com)
The hepatitis B virus is an important cause of acute and chronic liver disease. (fishersci.com)
In conclusion, serum HBcrAg levels correlated with HBV virological markers and reflected the chronic hepatitis B disease activity in the liver. (asm.org)
Jörg Petersen, MD, PhD, Director of the Liver Institute at IFI Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Hamburg, presented findings from an international multicenter study of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients during The Liver Meeting 2014 in Boston, MA. (hcplive.com)
Antibodies to hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B serology and liver enzymes were examined in 137 Finnish haemophiliac patients to detect signs of chronic viral hepatitis and its possible aetiological associations. (arctichealth.org)
Factors associated with viral breakthrough in lamivudine monoprophylaxis of hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation. (umassmed.edu)
Chronic hepatitis C is a serious liver disease that often results in cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. (mdpi.com)
N-glycopeptide signatures of IgA2 in serum from patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases. (medworm.com)
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can arise de novo after liver transplantation (LT) for non-autoimmune liver diseases. (medsci.org)
The objectives were to assess the effects of the sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and alfa interferon versus alfa interferon alone in hepatitis B 'e' antigen positive chronic hepatitis B on mortality, virological response, biochemical response, liver histology, quality of life, and adverse events. (cochrane.org)
Proceedings: Serial liver biopsies in hepatitis B antigen carriers. (bmj.com)
Hepatitis is the term for inflammation of the liver and may be due to infectious or non-infectious causes. (healthhype.com)
The five types of hepatitis viruses are common infectious causes of liver inflammation, and some like hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV) and C (HCV) are more frequently seen infectious agents. (healthhype.com)
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) can infect the liver cells resulting in an acute infection or persist with chronic inflammation of the liver. (healthhype.com)
Fulminant hepatitis with destruction of large parts of the liver is life-threatening. (healthhype.com)
In chronic hepatitis B infection, the patient may be asymptomatic for long periods of time until there is severe damage to the liver. (healthhype.com)
Chronic hepatitis B is seen where the virus does not clear and the infection persists past 6 months.The clinical features of chronic HBV infection depends on the degree of liver damage. (healthhype.com)
A carrier is a person with chronic hepatitis B showing no symptoms of the infection and there is no damage to the liver. (healthhype.com)
Worldwide, over 300 million persons are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can cause chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma ( 22 , 35 ). (asm.org)
Hep G2 (or HepG2) is a human liver cancer cell line. (wikipedia.org)
Hep G2 is an immortal cell line which was derived in 1975 from the liver tissue of a 15-year-old Caucasian male from Argentina with a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Hep G2 cells and their derivatives are also used as a model system for studies of liver metabolism and toxicity of xenobiotics, the detection of environmental and dietary cytotoxic and genotoxic (and thus cytoprotective, anti-genotoxic, and cogenotoxic) agents, understanding hepatocarcinogenesis[citation needed], and for drug targeting studies[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
Hep G2 cells are also employed in trials with bio-artificial liver devices[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)

8%). During delivery of recommended hepatitis B vaccination services (e.g. (cdc.gov)
The duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination in children is unknown. (who.int)
Integration of hepatitis B vaccination into rural African primary health care programmes. (ebscohost.com)
Examines the integration of hepatitis B vaccination into rural health care programs in South Africa. (ebscohost.com)
The primary aim of the study is to show that the antibody response to hepatitis B, acellular pertussis toxin and inactivated poliovirus antigens after the 4th vaccination with Hexavac® is not influenced by the concomitant administration of NeisVac-C. (clinicaltrials.gov)
It has been reported that when hepatitis services is good throughout the territory, B vaccination is initiated at birth, there and vaccinations are delivered through local is an increased likelihood that the child health districts which are able to reach the will complete the series [ 8,9 ] hence an whole population. (who.int)
In this review, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCC prevalence, distribution and prevalence of different genotypes, and male/female infection frequencies in relation to the vaccination status in the Mediterranean countries were reported. (medworm.com)

Interferon is an established treatment for chronic infection with hepatitis B virus. (cochrane.org)

The recombinant polypeptide and the single strand DNA sequence for PCR primer make it possible to detect the non-A non-B hepatitis virus with extremely high accuracy. (freepatentsonline.com)
Recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen of ayw subtype. (genetex.com)

A large case-control study on the predictability of hepatitis B surface antigen levels three years before hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance. (curehunter.com)
High hepatitis B surface antigen levels predict insignificant fibrosis in hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic hepatitis B. (curehunter.com)
Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B after 2 years of entecavir treatment. (curehunter.com)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I presents viral peptides to CD8+ T cells to permit detection of infected cells, and tapasin is an important component of the peptide loading complex for HLA class I. We sought to determine if tapasin polymorphisms affected the outcome of HCV infection. (nih.gov)
Detection of antibodies to HIV-1 gp41- and HLA class II antigen-derived peptides in SLE patients. (biomedsearch.com)
A sensitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay has been developed for hepatitis B virus (HBV) core-related antigen (HBcrAg) detection. (asm.org)
HCV Core antigen is suitbale for ELISA and Western blots, excellent antigen for detection of HCV with minimal specificity problems. (prospecbio.com)
No absolute correlation between the detection of HBs Ag, or previous history of hepatitis, jaundice, or current hepatitis was found. (bmj.com)
The Hunan Jynda ELISA had the lowest sensitivity (59.5%), and the authors concluded that ELISA assays are probably a less reliable technology for HCV antigen detection than assays which use signal amplification that allows enhancement of antigen detection. (hivandhepatitis.com)
HCV core-antigen can be used as a marker of viraemia as there is good non-linear correlation with HCV-RNA (r=0.87 vs. Abbot Real-Time qRT-PCR) with the lower limit of detection corresponding to HCV viral load of 700-1100 IU/ml [10]. (natap.org)

Co-infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) in persons with acute or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to fulminant hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
About 20% to 30% of coinfections of HDV and HBV in humans develop fatal fulminant hepatitis versus 2% of patients with acute hepatitis B mono-infection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) causes chronic and, occasionally, fulminant hepatitis in humans ( 16 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

To develop a low cost, high compliance screening programme for identification of carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in the obstetric population of the Netherlands. (bmj.com)
Globally, about 248 million people are chronic HBV surface antigen carriers, and about 5% of them also had hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection as well. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Twenty-five (13.3%) of the 188 individuals who were studied became chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. (arctichealth.org)
Among patients who were four years of age or less when infected, 28.8% became chronic carriers of hepatitis B, as compared with 7.7% of those who were 30 years of age or older. (arctichealth.org)
The literature is also reviewed and it is concluded that neonatal hepatitis seldom occurs in infants whose mothers have hepatitis early in pregnancy or are chronic carriers of Australia antigen. (bmj.com)
The prevalence of infection for at least 15 years, that antibody hepatitis B carriers varies in different parts levels decrease the most among persons of the world, ranging from less than 1% to immunized at 4 years of age or younger, and 15% [ 2 ]. (who.int)
In the Islamic Republic of Iran the level have been exposed to HBV and about 3% of antibodies to hepatitis B in vaccinated are chronic carriers, ranging from 1.7% individuals is not known. (who.int)

HDV is a satellite virus which requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) to supply envelope proteins for virus assembly and production ( 46 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Viral proteins (antigens) trigger the immune system to produce corresponding antibodies. (healthhype.com)
Because of their high degree of morphological and functional differentiation in vitro, Hep G2 cells are a suitable model to study the intracellular trafficking and dynamics of bile canalicular, sinusoidal membrane proteins, and lipids in human hepatocytes in vitro. (wikipedia.org)

HLA-DP and γ-interferon receptor-2 gene variants and their association with viral hepatitis activity in chronic hepatitis B infection. (curehunter.com)
In this retrospective study, we investigated the prevalence and significance of mutations in part of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) x gene, and tried to clarify their relationship with clinicopathological or histopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). (unboundmedicine.com)
We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding CTLA-4 may affect the vigor of the T-cell response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, thus influencing viral persistence. (asm.org)

The expression levels of the antigen in the plants grown under in vitro conditions as well as the green house hardened plants were estimated by ELISA for all the four constructs. (springer.com)
We offer Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies for use in common research applications: ELISA, Radioimmunoassay. (novusbio.com)
ELISA procedures provide a means for routinely detecting antibodies to specific antigens. (cdc.gov)
The International Immunodiagnostics HDV Ab assay is a competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the determination of antibodies to Hepatitis D Virus or HDV in human plasma and sera with a 'two step" methodology. (cdc.gov)

Synergism of tapasin and human leukocyte antigens in resolving hepatitis C virus infection. (nih.gov)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects 300 million people worldwide, and increases their risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma by a hundred fold [ 3 ]. (medsci.org)
Hepatitis-associated antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. (ebscohost.com)
Describes the prevalence of hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. (ebscohost.com)
Viral hepatitis-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma shares common disease processes with hepatocellular carcinoma. (ebscohost.com)
This feature of the e antigen provides an assay system for laboratory diagnosis of potential clinical usefulness and suggests its possible role in pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury. (sciencemag.org)
Children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have a lifetime risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to 25% and an incidence of cirrhosis of 2-3% per year [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Worldwide, hepatitis B infection is one of the main causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. (ebscohost.com)
A Systematic Review of the Current Hepatitis B Viral Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Situation in Mediterranean Countries. (medworm.com)

Sera from 521 residents of an institution for the mentally retarded near Helsinki, Finland were examined by a hemagglutination assay to determine the distribution and titers of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). (arctichealth.org)

This viral capsid acts as a core antigen, the major immunodominant region lying at the tips of the alpha-helical hairpins that form spikes on the capsid surface. (ebi.ac.uk)
It contains the Hepatitis B Virus HBe adw immunodominant region. (abcam.com)
Rapid antigen processing and presentation of a protective and immunodominant HLA-B*27-restricted hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T-cell epitope. (doaj.org)
To better define the immunological mechanisms underlying HLA-B*27-mediated protection in HCV infection, we analyzed the functional avidity, functional profile, antiviral efficacy and naïve precursor frequency of CD8+ T cells targeting the immunodominant HLA-B*27-restricted HCV-specific epitope as well as its antigen processing and presentation. (doaj.org)
Our data suggest that rapid antigen processing may be a key immunological feature of this protective and immunodominant HLA-B*27-restricted HCV-specific epitope. (doaj.org)

The review, published in Annals of Internal Medicine on 20 June, compared the sensitivity and specificity of five commercially available tests for hepatitis C core antigen compared to nucleic acid testing for HCV RNA. (aidsmap.com)

In this study HCV core-antigen testing on the Architect platform displayed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (97.96%) in diagnosing acute HCV in HIV-infected individuals who experience elevated transaminases. (natap.org)

New immunization strategies have been developed to eliminate the spread of HBV and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Immunization against hepatitis B is an important component of preventative medicine and is offered to all children in approximately 30 countries. (fishersci.com)
A Cross-Sectional Study of Anti-Hepatitis B Antibody Status in STD Patients: Need for Improved Immunization. (ebscohost.com)
Elimination of New Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infections: Results of the Alaska Immunization Program. (ebscohost.com)
Evaluates the effectiveness of a hepatitis B immunization program in eliminating hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission among Alaska Natives in a region in which HBV is endemic. (ebscohost.com)
Practices (ACIP), is the introduction of study carried out from February 2003 to hepatitis B immunization at birth [ 5,6 ]. (who.int)

Testing for hepatitis C virus core antigen could eventually replace the current two-step procedure for diagnosing chronic hepatitis C infection in lower- and middle-income countries, speeding up access to treatment and improving retention in care, a systematic review designed to inform World Health Organization hepatitis C testing guidelines has found. (aidsmap.com)
Testing for hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen could eventually replace the current 2-step procedure for diagnosing chronic hepatitis C infection in lower- and middle-income countries, speeding up access to treatment and improving retention in care, a systematic review designed to inform World Health Organization hepatitis C testing guidelines has found. (hivandhepatitis.com)
The systematic review was not able to assess the performance of HCV antigen assays across different HCV genotypes or in HIV/HCV coinfected people due to lack of data. (hivandhepatitis.com)
Hepatitis C Core Antigen Testing for Diagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (hivandhepatitis.com)

doi: 10.1002/hep.26415. (nih.gov)

I am diagnosed as Hep B carrier.My test reports:HbS antigen. (medhelp.org)
If your wife is at risk for hepatitis B , then the surface antigen can mean a chronic carrier state that is inactive due to no virus in her blood. (thebody.com)
Acute hepatitis B virus infection: relation of age to the clinical expression of disease and subsequent development of the carrier state. (arctichealth.org)
These findings are compared with those in three Australian antigen carrier mothers and their babies. (bmj.com)
A person with hepatitis B can be asymptomatic for long periods of time but may still be a carrier and spread the virus among different contacts. (healthhype.com)

CD8+ T-cell responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) are important in generating a successful immune response and spontaneously clearing infection. (nih.gov)
Hepatitis B viral mutants can emerge in patients as a result of selection pressure from either immune response or treatment options. (cdc.gov)
Cellular immune response to hepatitis B virus-encoded antigens in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (jimmunol.org)

Replication of the hepatitis B virion is, therefore, the sole requirement for generating these nucleotide mismatch sequences. (cdc.gov)
During replication, posttranscriptional RNA editing specifically modifies some of the HDV RNA, leading to the production of an elongated form of the delta antigen, the large form, which is essential for virus assembly. (asm.org)

Prospective serological surveys of 1,280 seronegative Yupik Eskimos, performed between 1971 and 1976, identified 189 (14.8%) who developed serological evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. (arctichealth.org)

About 500 million individuals worldwide are infected with two major types of hepatitis B and C viruses. (prweb.com)
Thus, it is possible that V-1 Immureboost might be useful for treating hepatitis, especially when one considers the fact that immunogenic constituents of V1 are derived from HIV-infected donors many of whom are co-infected with hepatitis B and C viruses. (prweb.com)
Immunogenic components of hepatitis viruses. (thefreedictionary.com)
Unlike the surface antigen, the e-antigen is found in the blood only when there are viruses also present. (abcam.com)
Hepatitis viruses constitute a major public health problem because of the morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
In addition, NHANES provides the means to better define the epidemiology of other hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)
NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses will be used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups, and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis-Associated Antigen and Viruses. (ebscohost.com)
Reviews the book 'Hepatitis-Associated Antigen and Viruses,' by A. J. Zuckerman. (ebscohost.com)
A cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of and the risk factors for hepatitis C and B viruses among 700 adults above the age of 40 years in a rural area of South Korea. (ebscohost.com)
INTRODUCTION Co-infections between hepatitis B and HIV viruses are frequent due to their similar epidemiological characteristics. (ebscohost.com)

Acute Hepatitis B in a Patient with Antibodies to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Who Was Receiving Rituximab. (ebscohost.com)
A letter to the editor on acute hepatitis B in a patient with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen who was having rituximab therapy is presented. (ebscohost.com)
The proportion of patients who progress to chronicity following acute hepatitis B (AHB) varies widely worldwide. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Acute hepatitis with subsequent recovery and total clearance of the virus in a person with a healthy immune system. (healthhype.com)
Acute hepatitis B lasts for less than 6 months. (healthhype.com)

Pregnant women who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen should be identified before delivery to prevent hepatitis B infection in their neonates by passive or active immunisation, or both. (bmj.com)

Other clinical markers aiding the hepatitis diagnosis are abnormal levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. (prweb.com)
Over the past decade, the importance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants has made a transition from an academic phenomenon of unknown prevalence to a factor for consideration during disease diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
The two-step diagnostic process is seen as a major obstacle to diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C on the scale needed to achieve ambitious targets for reducing the burden of the disease and eliminating hepatitis C as a public health problem. (aidsmap.com)
A rapid point-of-care test for HCV antigen that could be used by health care workers in the same way as point-of-care tests for HIV or HCV antibodies was viewed as the highest priority for improving HCV diagnosis, and a feasible target for product development, by a recent stakeholder consultation convened by the Forum for Collaborative HIV Research and the Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics (FIND). (aidsmap.com)
HCV RNA tests can cost between $13 and $100 per test, and the cost of diagnosis and monitoring may increase the overall cost of curing hepatitis C by one-third in some settings. (aidsmap.com)
In this study we compare the utility of HCV core-antigen compared to qRT-PCR in the diagnosis on acute HCV in an HIV-positive cohort. (natap.org)

In Upper Egypt, data about the prevalence, clinical, laboratory and virological characters of Hepatitis D virus-infected patients is rare. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Twenty-six (13.8%) developed clinical hepatitis during the interval when seroconversion occurred. (arctichealth.org)
The clinical significance of persistently normal ALT in chronic hepatitis B infection. (umassmed.edu)
These observations suggest that the male homosexual population represents a pool of individuals within which the hepatitis B virus is readily transmitted, mainly as a subclinical infection although clinical hepatitis does occur in some patients. (bmj.com)
Pretreatment with glucocorticosteroids before treatment with alfa interferon in patients with hepatitis B 'e' antigen positive chronic hepatitis B may be more effective than treatment with alfa interferon alone with regard to loss of hepatitis B 'e' antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA, but evidence for effect on clinical outcomes is lacking. (cochrane.org)
Randomised clinical trials comparing identical alfa interferon treatment regimens with and without glucocorticosteroid pretreatment for hepatitis B 'e' antigen positive chronic hepatitis. (cochrane.org)

Can be used to detect antibodies to HIV, p24 antigen or other substances. (aidsmap.com)

Yamagiwa S, Kamimura H, Takamura M, Genda T, Ichida T, Nomoto M, Aoyagi Y. Presence of Antibodies against Self Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Molecules in Autoimmune Hepatitis. (medsci.org)

Higher monoclonal antibody binding of 67.87% of the antigen was observed when it was expressed with a C-terminal ER retention signal. (springer.com)
Hepatitis B Virus X antigen Monoclonal antibody specifically detects Hepatitis B Virus X antigen in Virus samples. (fishersci.com)
The following antibody was used in this experiment: Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen Monoclonal Antibody (H6F5) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA1-21697, RRID AB_559401. (thermofisher.com)

1 2 3 Therefore, a multicentre study was designed in 1982 to determine whether efficient organisation of screening for hepatitis B could be set up in and outside hospital by adding tests for hepatitis B surface antigen to the already accepted and widely used protocol for routine antenatal screening at 14 weeks of gestation. (bmj.com)

Tapasin along with the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), ERp57 and calreticulin form the peptide loading complex (PLC), which loads viral peptides onto HLA class I. Tapasin binds to HLA class I and is thought to assist in the dissociation of peptides which bind with low affinity. (nih.gov)

Anatomy1

Organisms9

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs34

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes9

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care7

Geographicals1

Core promoter mutations and genotypes in relation to viral replication and liver damage in East Asian hepatitis B virus carriers. (1/743)

Hepatitis B vaccination in high-risk infants: 10-year follow-up. (2/743)

Quantitative analysis of hepatitis B virus precore mutant in hepatitis type B. (3/743)

Hepatitis B surface antigen disappearance and hepatitis B surface antigen subtype: a prospective, long-term, follow-up study of Japanese residents of Okinawa, Japan with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (4/743)

Specific vaccine therapy in chronic hepatitis B: induction of T cell proliferative responses specific for envelope antigens. (5/743)

Combinatorial screening and intracellular antiviral activity of hairpin ribozymes directed against hepatitis B virus. (6/743)

Markedly high seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in comparison to hepatitis C virus and human T lymphotropic virus type-1 infections in selected Solomon Islands populations. (7/743)

Dual efficacy of lamivudine treatment in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus-coinfected persons in a randomized, controlled study (CAESAR). The CAESAR Coordinating Committee. (8/743)

Hepatitis B e Antigens

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B, Chronic

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens

Hepatitis B Antigens

Hepatitis B Core Antigens

Hepatitis B Antibodies

Lamivudine

Hepatitis B Vaccines

DNA, Viral

Antiviral Agents

Alanine Transaminase

Carrier State

Hepatitis, Chronic

Organophosphonates

Hepatitis C

Adenine

Hepatitis A

Interferon-alpha

Viral Load

Liver Cirrhosis

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical

Antigens

Genotype

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Drug Resistance, Viral

Liver Neoplasms

Hepatitis

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Nucleosides

Liver

Hepatitis, Viral, Human

Hepatitis C, Chronic

Virus Replication

Guanine

Molecular Sequence Data

Polyethylene Glycols

Mutation

Hepatitis A virus

Hepatitis B Virus, Duck

Hepatitis Viruses

Treatment Outcome

Recombinant Proteins

Hepatitis Antibodies

Antigens, Bacterial

Hepacivirus

Base Sequence

Hepatitis A Vaccines

Chronic Disease

China

Hepatitis C Antibodies

Antigens, Neoplasm

Drug Therapy, Combination

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Hepatitis, Viral, Animal

Hepatitis D

Antigens, Surface

Viral Hepatitis Vaccines

Antigens, Viral

Time Factors

Follow-Up Studies

Hepatitis Delta Virus

Hepatitis E

Hepatitis A Antibodies

Hepatitis E virus

Hepatitis, Autoimmune

Seroepidemiologic Studies

Prospective Studies

Retrospective Studies

Hepatitis A Virus, Human

Biological Markers

Pregnancy

RNA, Viral

Hepatitis, Animal

Amino Acid Sequence

Viral Core Proteins

Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck

Hepatitis delta Antigens