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Hepatitis B e AntigensHepatitis B virusHepatitis BHepatitis B, ChronicHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis B AntigensHepatitis B Core AntigensHepatitis B AntibodiesLamivudineHepatitis B VaccinesDNA, ViralAntiviral AgentsAlanine TransaminaseCarrier StateHepatitis, ChronicOrganophosphonatesHepatitis CAdenineHepatitis AInterferon-alphaViral LoadLiver CirrhosisCarcinoma, HepatocellularInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalAntigensGenotypeReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsDrug Resistance, ViralLiver NeoplasmsHepatitisPregnancy Complications, InfectiousNucleosidesLiverHepatitis, Viral, HumanHepatitis C, ChronicVirus ReplicationGuanineMolecular Sequence DataPolyethylene GlycolsMutationHepatitis A virusHepatitis B Virus, DuckHepatitis VirusesTreatment OutcomeRecombinant ProteinsHepatitis AntibodiesAntigens, BacterialHepacivirusBase SequenceHepatitis A VaccinesChronic DiseaseChinaHepatitis C AntibodiesAntigens, NeoplasmDrug Therapy, CombinationPolymerase Chain ReactionHepatitis, Viral, AnimalHepatitis DAntigens, SurfaceViral Hepatitis VaccinesAntigens, ViralTime FactorsFollow-Up StudiesHepatitis Delta VirusHepatitis EHepatitis A AntibodiesHepatitis E virusHepatitis, AutoimmuneSeroepidemiologic StudiesProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesHepatitis A Virus, HumanBiological MarkersPregnancyRNA, ViralHepatitis, AnimalAmino Acid SequenceViral Core ProteinsHepatitis B Virus, WoodchuckHepatitis delta AntigensAntibodies, ViralHepatitis C Antigens
Hepatitis B e Antigens: A closely related group of antigens found in the plasma only during the infective phase of hepatitis B or in virulent chronic hepatitis B, probably indicating active virus replication; there are three subtypes which may exist in a complex with immunoglobulins G.Hepatitis B virus: The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.Hepatitis B: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.Hepatitis B, Chronic: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.Hepatitis B Surface Antigens: Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.Hepatitis B Antigens: Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.Hepatitis B Core Antigens: The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.Hepatitis B Antibodies: Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.Lamivudine: A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.Hepatitis B Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.DNA, Viral: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Antiviral Agents: Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.Alanine Transaminase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.Carrier State: The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.Hepatitis, Chronic: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.Organophosphonates: Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.Hepatitis C: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.Adenine: A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.Hepatitis A: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.Interferon-alpha: One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways.Viral Load: The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.Liver Cirrhosis: Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.Carcinoma, Hepatocellular: A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical: The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.Antigens: Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE), an enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template.Drug Resistance, Viral: The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.Liver Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.Hepatitis: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.Pregnancy Complications, Infectious: The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.Nucleosides: Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Hepatitis, Viral, Human: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).Hepatitis C, Chronic: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.Virus Replication: The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.GuanineMolecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Polyethylene Glycols: Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Hepatitis A virus: A species in the genus HEPATOVIRUS containing one serotype and two strains: HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS and Simian hepatitis A virus causing hepatitis in humans (HEPATITIS A) and primates, respectively.Hepatitis B Virus, Duck: A DNA virus that closely resembles human hepatitis B virus. It has been recovered from naturally infected ducks.Hepatitis Viruses: Any of the viruses that cause inflammation of the liver. They include both DNA and RNA viruses as well viruses from humans and animals.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Hepatitis Antibodies: Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.Antigens, Bacterial: Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.Hepacivirus: A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Hepatitis A Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)China: A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.Hepatitis C Antibodies: Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.Antigens, Neoplasm: Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.Drug Therapy, Combination: Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Hepatitis, Viral, Animal: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.Hepatitis D: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.Antigens, Surface: Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.Viral Hepatitis Vaccines: Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis.Antigens, Viral: Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Hepatitis Delta Virus: A defective virus, containing particles of RNA nucleoprotein in virion-like form, present in patients with acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis. It requires the presence of a hepadnavirus for full replication. This is the lone species in the genus Deltavirus.Hepatitis E: Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HEPATITIS A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.Hepatitis A Antibodies: Antibodies to the HEPATITIS A ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.Hepatitis E virus: A positive-stranded RNA virus species in the genus HEPEVIRUS, causing enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (HEPATITIS E).Hepatitis, Autoimmune: A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.Seroepidemiologic Studies: EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Hepatitis A Virus, Human: A strain of HEPATITIS A VIRUS which causes hepatitis in humans. The virus replicates in hepatocytes and is presumed to reach the intestine via the bile duct. Transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.RNA, Viral: Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Hepatitis, Animal: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Viral Core Proteins: Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck: An ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS causing chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in woodchucks. It closely resembles the human hepatitis B virus.Hepatitis delta Antigens: Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS D VIRUS.Antibodies, Viral: Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.Hepatitis C Antigens: Antigens of the virions of HEPACIVIRUS, their surface, core, or other associated antigens.

Core promoter mutations and genotypes in relation to viral replication and liver damage in East Asian hepatitis B virus carriers. (1/743)

Virus load and liver damage, as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histology activity index, were related to genotype and core promoter mutations in 43 chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers of East Asian origin. T-1762 mutants were more frequent in genotype C strains and were associated with more inflammation (P=.0036) and fibrosis (P=.0088) of the liver but not with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status or virus load. Conversely, precore mutations were associated with less liver inflammation (P=. 08), which was linked to HBeAg negativity and lower viral replication. Carriers with genotype C were more often HBeAg positive (P=.03) with precore wild type strains and more-severe liver inflammation (P=.009) than were those with genotype B. These findings suggest that pathogenic differences between genotypes may exist and that the T-1762 mutation may be useful as a marker for progressive liver damage but seem to contradict that down-regulation of HBeAg production is the major effect of this mutation.  (+info)

Hepatitis B vaccination in high-risk infants: 10-year follow-up. (2/743)

The long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination among high-risk infants was determined in 805 vaccine responders, immunized at birth in Taiwan during 1981-1984 and followed to age 10 years, via life table survival and Cox multivariate analyses. At 10 years, cumulative persistence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was 85%, and cumulative incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was 15%. Three children became carriers. Twelve-month anti-HBs titer was the strongest predictor of efficacy. The higher the initial titer, the lower the risk of anti-HBs loss (relative risk [RR], 0.26 for titer of 100-999 mIU/mL; RR, 0.08 for titer >1000 mIU/mL; P<.001) and HBV infection (RR, 0.55 and 0.27; P<.05). Maternal hepatitis B e antigen positivity but not hepatitis B immunoglobulin dose or gender predicted greater antibody persistence to age 10 years. Because the level of antibody persistence remained high and few became carriers, booster revaccination within 10 years seems unnecessary.  (+info)

Quantitative analysis of hepatitis B virus precore mutant in hepatitis type B. (3/743)

Active liver disease has been detected in chronic hepatitis B after seroconversion from positive HBe antigen to positive anti-HBe antibody. Active replication of HB virus (HBV) containing a precore stop-codon mutation has been implicated in this condition. The usual methods, such as direct sequencing, to characterize the responsible mutant of HBV are not suitable for routine clinical use. Here we employed the competitive mutation site specific assay (CMSSA) to detect precore mutant HBV-DNA in patients with positive HB surface antigen. In patients with HBe antigen, precore mutant HBV-DNA was significantly higher than in patients with HBe antibody. The level of precore mutant HBV-DNA in patients with elevated serum ALT was significantly higher than in patients with normal serum ALT. Sex, age and the level of serum HBV-associated DNA polymerase levels were not correlated with levels of precore mutant HBV-DNA. Ten of 11 negative patients for the precore mutant by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCRRFLP) were positive for the precore mutant by CMSSA. These results suggest that the precore mutant has already emerged in the HBeAg-positive phase as determined by CMSSA, which is more sensitive than PCR-RFLP and is useful for evaluating the clinical course of patients with chronic hepatitis B.  (+info)

Hepatitis B surface antigen disappearance and hepatitis B surface antigen subtype: a prospective, long-term, follow-up study of Japanese residents of Okinawa, Japan with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (4/743)

To determine the natural course of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) disappearance in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the factors related to its disappearance, 946 HBsAg carriers in Okinawa, Japan were prospectively followed for up to 19 years (mean = 9.2 years). The disappearance of HBsAg, as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA), was observed in 62 (6.6%) and the overall annual disappearance rate was 0.79%/year. Its disappearance was more frequent in 60 (7.4%) of 815 serum samples negative for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) by RIA at entry compared with only two (1.5%) of 131 serum samples that were HBeAg positive by RIA at entry (P < 0.05). Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that age and HBsAg subtype were significantly associated with HBsAg disappearance (both P < 0.05), and that carriers with subtype adr (odds ratio = 2.87) had an increased probability of clearing HBsAg compared with carriers with subtype adw. Conversely, HBeAg disappearance was earlier in those with the adw subtype than in those with adr. Hepatitis B virus DNA was not detected by the polymerase chain reaction after HBsAg disappearance in any of the 62 from whom it had disappeared. The HBsAg titer, as measured by reverse passive hemagglutination, was related to the time to its disappearance; the higher the titer, the longer the time to disappearance. These findings suggest that HBeAg negativity, a more advanced age, and low titers of HBsAg are favorable factors for HBsAg disappearance in the natural course of chronic HBV infection. Moreover, HBsAg subtype adr was a predictive factor for HBsAg disappearance, whereas subtype adw was predictive of early HBeAg disappearance.  (+info)

Specific vaccine therapy in chronic hepatitis B: induction of T cell proliferative responses specific for envelope antigens. (5/743)

In a pilot study, it was established that specific therapy by standard anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination may be effective in reducing HBV replication and canceling the immune tolerance to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles in about 50% of persons with chronic active HBV replication. In the present study, the vaccine-induced immune responses were analyzed during an ongoing controlled multicenter vaccine trial. Vaccination elicited peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses specific for envelope antigen in 7 of 27 subjects given HBsAg. The responses induced by the vaccines were mediated by CD4+ T lymphocytes, and at least three different epitopes were recognized. HBV-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes produced high levels of interferon-gamma [corrected] and belonged to a T helper 1 subset. Reduction of serum HBV DNA in some of these persons suggests that induction of CD4+ T cell responses could be important in controlling viremia during vaccine therapy of chronic HBV carriers.  (+info)

Combinatorial screening and intracellular antiviral activity of hairpin ribozymes directed against hepatitis B virus. (6/743)

A combinatorial screening method has been used to identify hairpin ribozymes that inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in transfected human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. A hairpin ribozyme library (5 x 10(5) variants) containing a randomized substrate-binding domain was used to identify accessible target sites within 3.3 kb of full-length in vitro-transcribed HBV pregenomic RNA. Forty potential target sites were found within the HBV pregenomic RNA, and 17 sites conserved in all four subtypes of HBV were chosen for intracellular inhibition experiments. Polymerase II and III promoter expression constructs for corresponding hairpin ribozymes were generated and cotransfected into HCC cells together with a replication-competent dimer of HBV DNA. Four ribozymes inhibited HBV replication by 80, 69, 66, and 49%, respectively, while catalytically inactive mutant forms of these ribozymes affected HBV replication by 36, 28, 0, and 0%. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effects on HBV replication were largely mediated by the catalytic activity of the ribozymes. In conclusion, we have identified catalytically active RNAs by combinatorial screening that mediate intracellular antiviral effects on HBV.  (+info)

Markedly high seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in comparison to hepatitis C virus and human T lymphotropic virus type-1 infections in selected Solomon Islands populations. (7/743)

To determine the prevalences of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infections in residents of the Solomon Islands, we surveyed 1,610 serum samples from 1,113 outpatients and 497 healthy volunteer blood donors at the Central Hospital in Honiara, the Solomon Islands. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) (n = 315, 19.6%) was significantly different from that of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) by a second-generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (n = 4, 0.2%) and antibody to HTLV-1 (anti-HTLV-1) by an ELISA with Western blot analysis to verify the positivity (n = 49, 3.0%) (P < 0.0001, respectively). There were no significant differences in the prevalences of these markers between outpatients and blood donors. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was detected by RIA in 130 (41.3%) of 315 HBsAg-positive samples. The distribution of HBsAg subtypes by EIA was 190 adr (60.3%), 111 ayw (35.2%), and 14 (0.4%) other subtypes. The HBeAg prevalence decreased with age in all groups for each subtype. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of HBeAg among HBsAg subtypes. We conclude that HBV infection is highly endemic in selected Solomon Islands populations, and that the high prevalence of HBeAg may be associated with the spread of HBV infection there.  (+info)

Dual efficacy of lamivudine treatment in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus-coinfected persons in a randomized, controlled study (CAESAR). The CAESAR Coordinating Committee. (8/743)

The efficacy and safety of lamivudine in persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) were examined in the CAESAR study, a randomized placebo-controlled trial assessing the addition of lamivudine (150 mg 2x/day) or lamivudine (150 mg 2x/day) plus loviride (100 mg 3x/day) to zidovudine-containing background antiretroviral treatment. Baseline hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) results were available for 1790 study subjects, of whom 122 (6.8%) tested positive. Retrospective analyses for serial HBV DNA, HBsAg, and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were performed on stored sera from 118 HBsAg-positive subjects. HBV DNA and HBeAg were present in 83% and 63%, respectively. At weeks 12 and 52, median log10 HBV DNA change was -2.0 and -2.7, respectively, in the lamivudine arms, compared with no reduction among placebo recipients (P<.001). A trend to lower alanine transferase level, and delayed progression of HIV-1 disease (relative hazard, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.80) were also seen in the lamivudine arms, compared with the placebo group.  (+info)

Serum hepatitis B virus-DNA cutoff levels in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection -...Serum hepatitis B virus-DNA cutoff levels in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection -...
We read with great interest the recent chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (AASLD) practice guideline written eminently by 2 of the most experienced hepatologists in CHB.1 Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB is characterized by increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/ aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA , 2,000 IU/mL, and moderate/severe necroinflammation, whereas the inactive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier state is defined as persistently normal ALT/AST on ≥3-4 determinations made every 3 months (then every 6-12 months) and HBV-DNA , 2,000 IU/mL.1. According to our unpublished, recent, prospective cohort of 150 HBeAg-negative chronic HBV patients with a close biochemical and virological follow-up, a substantial proportion (22% of cases or 28% of 228 serum samples tested) of 85 patients with persistently normal ALT/AST levels have HBV-DNA , 2,000 IU/mL (15% at 2,000-5,000 IU/mL and 7% at 5,000-20,000 IU/mL). Such patients are excluded from ...
Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus E Antigen protein (ab91273)Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus E Antigen protein (ab91273)
Buy our Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus E Antigen protein. Ab91273 is an active full length protein produced in Escherichia coli and has been validated in WB…
AID 378283 - Inhibition of Hepatitis B virus E antigen activity in human MS-G2 cells at 10 ug/mL - PubChemAID 378283 - Inhibition of Hepatitis B virus E antigen activity in human MS-G2 cells at 10 ug/mL - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 378283 submitted by ChEMBL: Inhibition of Hepatitis B virus E antigen activity in human MS-G2 cells at 10 ug/mL.
Outcome of anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B in alpha-interferon treated and untreated patients: A long term cohort study<...Outcome of anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B in alpha-interferon treated and untreated patients: A long term cohort study<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Outcome of anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B in alpha-interferon treated and untreated patients. T2 - A long term cohort study. AU - Brunetto, Maurizia Rossana. AU - Oliveri, Filippo. AU - Coco, Barbara. AU - Leandro, Gioacchino. AU - Colombatto, Piero. AU - Gorin, Juliana Monti. AU - Bonino, Ferruccio. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - Background/Aims: We studied the influence of biochemical and virologic patterns and interferon on the outcome of anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B in 164 (103 treated) consecutive patients, followed-up prospectively for a mean of 6 years (21 months-12 years). Methods: Histology, biochemical and virologic profiles were characterized by monthly monitoring during the first 12 months of follow-up. Thereafter patients underwent blood and clinical controls every 4 and 6 months, respectively. Cirrhosis at follow-up histology or end stage complications of cirrhosis served as end points for the analysis of factors influencing disease progression in ...
Retroviral-mediated transfer and expression of hepatitis B e antigen in human primary skin fibroblasts and Esptein-Barr virus...Retroviral-mediated transfer and expression of hepatitis B e antigen in human primary skin fibroblasts and Esptein-Barr virus...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Retroviral-mediated transfer and expression of hepatitis B e antigen in human primary skin fibroblasts and Esptein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes. AU - Raney, A. K.. AU - Milich, D. R.. AU - Hughes, J. L.. AU - Sorge, J.. AU - Chisari, F. V.. AU - Mondelli, M. U.. AU - McLachlan, A.. PY - 1989. Y1 - 1989. N2 - Previously, an amphotropic retroviral expression system coding for the neomycin resistance gene was developed and used to synthesize hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B core/e antigen (HBc/eAg) in transfected mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts (A. McLachlan et al., 1987, J. Virol. 61, 683-692). In the present study, these transfected cell lines were infected with a helper amphotropic murine leukemia virus resulting in the production of infectious recombinant retrovirus. The recombinant retrovirus was examined for its capacity to transmit resistance to the antibiotic, G418, and to express hepatitis B virus antigens in mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, human primary skin ...
Study of ARC-520 in Participants With Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen (HBeAg) Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Virus - Study Results -...Study of ARC-520 in Participants With Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen (HBeAg) Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Virus - Study Results -...
Intravenous administration of 1.0 mg/kg ARC-520 once every 4 weeks for 3 total doses, plus entecavir (0.5 or 1.0 mg/day) or tenofovir (300 mg/day), taken throughout the study.. Pretreatment with diphenhydramine 50 mg 2 hours (±30 minutes) prior to administration of study drug.. ...
Study of ARC-520 in Participants With Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen (HBeAg) Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Virus - Study Results -...Study of ARC-520 in Participants With Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen (HBeAg) Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Virus - Study Results -...
Intravenous administration of 1.0 mg/kg ARC-520 once every 4 weeks for 3 total doses, plus entecavir (0.5 or 1.0 mg/day) or tenofovir (300 mg/day), taken throughout the study.. Pretreatment with diphenhydramine 50 mg 2 hours (±30 minutes) prior to administration of study drug.. ...
Hepatitis b e antigen | Define Hepatitis b e antigen at Dictionary.comHepatitis b e antigen | Define Hepatitis b e antigen at Dictionary.com
Hepatitis b e antigen definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up now!
Determinants of spontaneous surface antigen loss in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients with a low viral load - Tseng -...Determinants of spontaneous surface antigen loss in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients with a low viral load - Tseng -...
Tseng, T.-C., Liu, C.-J., Yang, H.-C., Su, T.-H., Wang, C.-C., Chen, C.-L., Fang-Tzu Kuo, S., Liu, C.-H., Chen, P.-J., Chen, D.-S. and Kao, J.-H. (2012), Determinants of spontaneous surface antigen loss in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients with a low viral load. Hepatology, 55: 68-76. doi: 10.1002/hep.24615 ...
Serum Hepatitis B Virus DNA Level at One Year after Hepatitis B E Antigen Seroconversion Predicts Subsequent Hepatitis B...Serum Hepatitis B Virus DNA Level at One Year after Hepatitis B E Antigen Seroconversion Predicts Subsequent Hepatitis B...
臺大位居世界頂尖大學之列，為永久珍藏及向國際展現本校豐碩的研究成果及學術能量，圖書館整合機構典藏（NTUR）與學術庫（AH）不同功能平台，成為臺大學術典藏NTU scholars。期能整合研究能量、促進交流合作、保存學術產出、推廣研究成果。. To permanently archive and promote researcher profiles and scholarly works, Library integrates the services of "NTU Repository" with "Academic Hub" to form NTU Scholars.. ...
HKU Scholars Hub: A 1-year trial of telbivudine, lamivudine, and the combination in patients with hepatitis B e antigen...HKU Scholars Hub: A 1-year trial of telbivudine, lamivudine, and the combination in patients with hepatitis B e antigen...
Background & Aims: A previous 4-week trial of telbivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B indicated marked antiviral effects with good tolerability, leading to the present 1-year phase 2b trial. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of telbivudine 400 or 600 mg/day and telbivudine 400 or 600 mg/day plus lamivudine 100 mg/day (Comb400 and Comb600) compared with lamivudine 100 mg/day in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive adults with compensated chronic hepatitis B. Results: A total of 104 patients were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 among the 5 groups. Median reductions in serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels at week 52 (log 10 copies/mL) were as follows: lamivudine, 4.66; telbivudine 400 mg, 6.43; telbivudine 600 mg, 6.09; Comb400, 6.40; and Comb600, 6.05. At week 52, telbivudine monotherapy showed a significantly greater mean reduction in HBV DNA levels (6.01 vs 4.57 log 10 copies/mL; P < .05), clearance of polymerase chain ...
The importance of the serum quantitative levels of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen in children with...The importance of the serum quantitative levels of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen in children with...
Hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B e antigen, hepatitis B virus DNA, alanine aminotransferase, liver histology, quantification
Circulating MicroRNAs in Plasma of Hepatitis B e Antigen Positive Children Reveal Liver-Specific Target GenesCirculating MicroRNAs in Plasma of Hepatitis B e Antigen Positive Children Reveal Liver-Specific Target Genes
International Journal of Hepatology is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies related to the medical, surgical, pathological, biochemical, and physiological aspects of hepatology, as well as the management of disorders affecting the liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas.
Hepatitis B virus monoclonal antibody, clone AC5 - (MAB0466) - Products - AbnovaHepatitis B virus monoclonal antibody, clone AC5 - (MAB0466) - Products - Abnova
Mouse monoclonal antibody raised against recombinant hepatitis B virus e antigen. Recombinant protein corresponding to hepatitis B virus e antigen. (MAB0466) - Products - Abnova
Treatment cessation of entecavir in Asian patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative chronic hepatitis B: a multicentre...Treatment cessation of entecavir in Asian patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative chronic hepatitis B: a multicentre...
Result 184 patients (mean age 53.9 years, 67.9% male) were recruited. The cumulative rate of virologic relapse at 24 and 48 weeks was 74.2% and 91.4%, respectively. The median HBV DNA level at virologic relapse was 11 000 (range 2115 to ,1.98×108) IU/mL. 42 (25.8%) patients had elevated alanine aminotransferase (median level 97 U/L, range 37-1058 U/L) during virologic relapse. Mean rate of off-treatment HBsAg decline was 0.018 (±0.456) log IU/mL/year. No patients cleared HBsAg. There was no correlation between off-treatment serial HBsAg and HBV DNA levels (r=−0.026, p=0.541). HBsAg levels at the time of entecavir commencement, entecavir cessation and the subsequent rate of HBsAg reduction were not associated with virologic relapse (all p,0.05).. ...
Hepatitis B e antigen-positive Healthcare Workers - OSAPHepatitis B e antigen-positive Healthcare Workers - OSAP
Different guidelines exist for the management of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected healthcare workers (HCWs). Various HBV DNA levels are used as a cutoff level to determine whether an HBV-infected healthcare worker is allowed to perform exposure-prone procedures (EPPs) or not. OSAP member and Arthur A. Dugoni Pacific School of Dentistry faculty member, Eve Cuny MS, has done extensive research on this topic. The Board of OSAP thanks Ms. Cuny for her generosity in sharing articles, a sample policy and a copy of a presentation she made on this topic at the 2009 OSAP Annual Symposium.. If readers have additional materials they wish to contribute to this toolkit, please click HERE ...
Long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in Caucasian patients: mortality after 25 years | GutLong-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in Caucasian patients: mortality after 25 years | Gut
Objective: To assess risk factors for liver-related death, we re-evaluated, after a median follow-up of 25 years, a cohort of 70 Caucasian patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive chronic hepatitis (CH) at presentation.. Methods: Follow-up studies included clinical and ultrasound examinations, biochemical and virological tests, and cause of death.. Results: Sixty-one (87%) patients underwent spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion. During a median period of 22.8 years after HBeAg seroclearance, 40 (66%) patients became inactive carriers, whereas the remaining 21 (34%) showed alanine aminotransferase elevation: one (1%) had HBeAg reversion, nine (15%) detectable serum HBV DNA but were negative for HBeAg, eight (13%) concurrent virus(es) infection and three (5%) concurrent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver-related death occurred in 11 (15.7%) patients, caused by hepatocellular carcinoma in five and liver failure in six. The 25-year survival probability was 40% in patients persistently ...
JCI - Acute exacerbations of chronic type B hepatitis are accompanied by increased T cell responses to hepatitis B core and e...JCI - Acute exacerbations of chronic type B hepatitis are accompanied by increased T cell responses to hepatitis B core and e...
T cell proliferative responses to hepatitis B virus-encoded envelope antigen (S + preS2 + preS1), recombinant core antigen (HBcAg), and natural hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were examined in 22 HBeAg-positive patients with chronic type B hepatitis and 17 healthy hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. The results showed that HBeAg-positive patients had (a) higher levels of T cell responses to HBcAg/HBeAg than those of healthy HBsAg carriers (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01, respectively); (b) a further increase in these T cell responses during acute exacerbations (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.05, respectively); (c) subsidence in the T cell responses to HBcAg/HBeAg after recovery from acute exacerbations and HBeAg seroconversion, whereas the responses would persist at high levels if the patients did not enter a clinical remission; and (d) low levels of T cell responses to S + preS2 + preS1 either before or after HBeAg seroconversion. The appearance of increasing T cell ...
serocovert - Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection - TheBody.comserocovert - Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection - TheBody.com
When a patient with hepatitis B e antigen positive infection undergoes treatment, we like to see the patient lose their e antigen and gain e antibody. That tells us the patient has \
interferoninterferon
High baseline serum levels of interleukin (IL)-23 can help to identify hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients who are likely to respond to pegylated interferon (PegIFN) treatment, a Chinese study indicates. Baseline serum levels of the cytokines … Continue reading →. ...
Hepatitis B precore protein: pathogenic potential and therapeutic promise. - NextBio articleHepatitis B precore protein: pathogenic potential and therapeutic promise. - NextBio article
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a small and economically packaged double-stranded DNA virus, represents an enormous global health care burden. In spite of an effective vaccine, HBV is endemic in many countries. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) results in the development of significant clinical outcomes such as liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which are associated with high mortality rates. HBV is a non-cytopathic virus, with the hosts immune response responsible for the associated liver damage. Indeed, HBV appears to be a master of manipulating and modulating the immune response to achieve persistent and chronic infection. The HBV precore protein or hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is a key viral protein involved in these processes, for instance though the down-regulation of the innate immune response. The development of new therapies that target viral proteins, such as HBeAg, which regulates of the immune system, may offer a new wave of potential therapeutics to circumvent progression to CHB ...
LIRMM - Laboratoire dInformatique, de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier - Cumulative viral evolutionary changes...LIRMM - Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier - Cumulative viral evolutionary changes...
Objective To examine viral evolutionary changes and their relationship to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion. Design A matched case-control study of HBeAg seroconverters (n=8) and non-seroconverters (n=7) with adequate stored sera before seroconversion was performed. Nested PCR, cloning and sequencing of hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore/core gene was performed. Sequences were aligned using Clustal X2.0, followed by construction of phylogenetic trees using Pebble 1.0. Viral diversity, evolutionary rates and positive selection were then analysed. Results Baseline HBV quasispecies viral diversity was identical in seroconverters and non-seroconverters 10 years before seroconversion but started to increase approximately 3 years later. Concurrently, precore stop codon (PSC) mutations appeared. Some 2 years later, HBV-DNA declined, together with a dramatic reduction in HBeAg titres. Just before HBeAg seroconversion, seroconverters had HBV-DNA levels 2 log lower (p=0.008), HBeAg titres 310-fold smaller
北京大学医学部机构知识库(IR@PKUHSC): Long-Term Telbivudine Treatment Results in Resolution of Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis in Patients...北京大学医学部机构知识库([email protected]): Long-Term Telbivudine Treatment Results in Resolution of Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis in Patients...
The long-term goal of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment is improvement of liver disease and prevention of cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to assess whether prolonged telbivudine treatment improves liver inflammation and fibrosis. The primary objective was to evaluate the proportion of patients with absence/minimal inflammation (Knodell necroinflammatory score a parts per thousand currency sign3) on liver biopsy at Year 5.. Fifty-seven patients aged 16-70 years with a clinical history of CHB and active viral replication (38 hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg] positive and 19 HBeAg negative) were followed for 6 years: 33 received telbivudine 600 mg/day continuously for 5 years; 24 received lamivudine 100 mg/day for 2 years and then telbivudine for 3 years. Liver biopsies were taken pre-treatment and after 5 years of treatment.. At baseline, mean (standard deviation) serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA load was 8.5 (1.7) log(10) copies/mL, Knodell necroinflammatory score was 7.6 (2.9), and Ishak ...
Contact | SLO Foundation for Liver and Gastrointestinal ResearchContact | SLO Foundation for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research
Factors that Predict Response of Patients With Hepatitis B e Antigen-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B to Peginterferon-Alfa Erik. H.C.J. Buster, Bettina E. Hansen, George K.K. Lau , Teerha Piratvisuth, Stefan Zeuzem, Ewout W. Steyerberg and Harry L.A. Janssen Gastroenterology 2009; 137(6): 2002-2009. ...
Most recent papers with the keyword HBsAg seroconversion | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword HBsAg seroconversion | Read by QxMD
Our previous OSST study shows that switching to pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN)-α2a results in higher rates of response hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss at the end of treatment, compared with nucleot(s)ide analogues (NAs) monotherapy in long term NA-treated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. In order to characterize the correlation between Peg-IFN-α antiviral effect and IFN-inducing signaling in CHB patients who switched to Peg-IFN from long time entecavir (ETV) treatment, we investigated the dynamic expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including STAT1, MX, and a negative regulatory factor, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3), which negatively regulate IFN JAK-STAT signaling pathway by interacting with STAT1 and STAT2, in peripheral blood and paired liver samples, obtained from 54 CHB patients enrolled in a clinical trial, OSST study ...
Hepatitis B e (Envelop) Antigen (HbeAg): Purpose & Normal Range of Results | 1mgHepatitis B e (Envelop) Antigen (HbeAg): Purpose & Normal Range of Results | 1mg
Hepatitis B e (Envelop) Antigen (HbeAg): View interpretation of results, purpose, procedure, answers to patient concerns/FAQs and book at lowest prices from labs and diagnostic centers in your city on 1mg.com.
Hepatitis B e (Envelope) Antibody in New Delhi from Prednalytics Laboratory: view price, interpretations & reviews | 1mgHepatitis B e (Envelope) Antibody in New Delhi from Prednalytics Laboratory: view price, interpretations & reviews | 1mg
Book Hepatitis B e (Envelope) Antibody In New Delhi online from Prednalytics Laboratory. View test prices, normal range, sample results and user reviews about labs only on 1mg
DAA / HBV Reactivation - Making Do With What We Have - EditorialDAA / HBV Reactivation - Making Do With What We Have - Editorial
The data reported to the FDA via FAERS frequently have many gaps, as demonstrated in this report. These data bear no resemblance to those of the clinical trials, and the FDA has a difficult job in determining whether a previously unrecognized safety event is occurring. In addition, much of the data clinicians require to understand an events effect on clinical management are unavailable. The HCV guidelines of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (AASLD-IDSA) now recommend that patients receive testing for HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb before beginning HCV treatment (9). These guidelines recommend that patients who have positive results on HBsAg testing undergo a full evaluation of their HBV status (including hepatitis B e antigen status and HBV DNA levels). If a patient meets the criteria for HBV treatment, he or she should receive it before beginning HCV therapy. Otherwise, HBV DNA should be monitored during HCV treatment; if, while ...
Infectious health care workers: should patients be told? | Journal of Medical EthicsInfectious health care workers: should patients be told? | Journal of Medical Ethics
In May 1995 a dentist practising in central Scotland was discovered to be hepatitis B e antigen seropositive and therefore highly infectious. The dentist ceased clinical practice immediately and an incident team was convened.. The 6,753 patients treated by the dentist during his professional career were identified and cross-matched with the records of notifications and laboratory diagnoses of hepatitis B since 1988. No patients were shown to have developed clinical hepatitis B subsequent to treatment by the dentist.. The incident group then debated whether there should be any further action. One view expressed was that since routine data sources had identified no clinical cases of hepatitis B amongst the dentists patients, the probability of undetected transmission was very low. A "look back" exercise notifying the dentists former patients would therefore cause them unnecessary anxiety with little health benefit. The contrasting view was that patients had the right to know that they had been ...
HbSAg HBeAg Negative and ANTI HBcAg-IgM Negative - Hepatitis B - MedHelpHbSAg HBeAg Negative and ANTI HBcAg-IgM Negative - Hepatitis B - MedHelp
During Malaria Treatment I was tested for HbSAg and which was found reactive and hence we gone for HBeAg and ANTI HBcAg-IgM Which was found negative .. So what is its meaning and should I go for Vaccin...
A Phase 1, Open-Label, Single Dose Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Nivolumab With or Without GS 4774 for the...A Phase 1, Open-Label, Single Dose Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Nivolumab With or Without GS 4774 for the...
This study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of nivolumab treatment with or without GS-4774 in adults with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis
what is e antigen nonreactive? - Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection - TheBody.comwhat is e antigen nonreactive? - Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection - TheBody.com
I would want to know what the HBV DNA result is -- if it is suppressed that would be great news. If so, I would check the HBe Antibody as well. If that is positive, then that would be additional...
HBeAG - Hepatitis B - MedHelpHBeAG - Hepatitis B - MedHelp
A close friend was recently diagnosed as having Hep B. After a 2nd test the results have come back HBeag cutoff marker 1.00, score 0.157 - non reactive Anti HBeag cutoff marker 1.00, score 0.344 -...
When Your Parent Treats You Like a Child, or Im a Grown Up Dad! - i w a n n a b e a l a d yWhen Your Parent Treats You Like a Child, or I'm a Grown Up Dad! - i w a n n a b e a l a d y
I look like an adult. I feel like an adult. I certainly have the bills of an adult. But for some reason, my dad still thinks Im a child. What gives?
Hepatitis B virus precore mutant - WikipediaHepatitis B virus precore mutant - Wikipedia
A precore mutant is a variety of hepatitis B virus that does not produce hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg). These mutants are important because infections caused by these viruses are difficult to treat, and can cause infections of prolonged duration and with a higher risk of liver cirrhosis. The mutations are changes in DNA bases from guanine to adenine at base position 1896 (G1896A), and from cytosine to thymine at position 1858 (C1858T) in the precore region of the viral genome. The HBV has four genes: S, P, C, and X. The S gene codes for the "major" envelope protein (HBsAg). The largest gene is P. It codes for DNA polymerase. The C gene codes for HBeAg and HBcAg. The C gene has a precore and a core region. If translation is initiated at the precore region, the protein product is HBeAg. If translation begins with the core region, HBcAg is the protein product. HBeAg is a marker of HBV replication and infectivity. The precore region is not necessary for viral replication. Precore mutants can ...
Hepatitis B e antigen definition | Drugs.comHepatitis B e antigen definition | Drugs.com
Definition of hepatitis B e antigen. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical terms and definitions.
Safety and immunogenicity study of nivolumab with or without GS-4774 in patients with HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B...Safety and immunogenicity study of nivolumab with or without GS-4774 in patients with HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B...
This exploratory study investigated nivolumab with or without GS-4774 in patients with HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B infection
On-treatment HBV DNA dynamics predict virological breakthrough in entecavir-treated HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis BOn-treatment HBV DNA dynamics predict virological breakthrough in entecavir-treated HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
Background & aims Virological breakthrough (VBT) could be a manifestation of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in patients treated with long-term nucleot(s)ide analogues. We aimed to determine the association of on-treatment serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA with VBT in HBeAg-positive CHB patients receiving entecavir (ETV) treatment. Methods A retrospective cohort study, including 162 consecutive patients (95 men and 67 women; mean age, 43.1±13.4 years) with HBeAg-positive CHB treated with ETV for at least 48 weeks between August 2008 and May 2015, was conducted. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis were used to identify associations with VBT and clinical factors, including HBV DNA and HBeAg serum status. Results Among the 162 ETV-treated HBeAg-positive CHB patients, eighteen patients (11.1%) experienced VBT (VBT group), whereas the other 144 patients were without VBT (non-VBT group). The cumulative rate of HBV DNA | 100 IU/mL in the VBT group and the non-VBT group at week 48 were 44.44% and
Twenty-four-week clevudine therapy showed potent and sustained antiviral activity in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B<...Twenty-four-week clevudine therapy showed potent and sustained antiviral activity in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Twenty-four-week clevudine therapy showed potent and sustained antiviral activity in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. AU - Byung, Chul Yoo. AU - Ju, Hyun Kim. AU - Chung, Young Hwa. AU - Kwan, Sik Lee. AU - Seung, Woon Paik. AU - Soo, Hyung Ryu. AU - Byung, Hoon Han. AU - Han, Joon Yeol. AU - Kwan, Soo Byun. AU - Cho, Mong. AU - Lee, Heon Ju. AU - Kim, Tae Hun. AU - Cho, Se Hyun. AU - Park, Joong Won. AU - Um, Soon Ho. AU - Seong, Gyu Hwang. AU - Young, Soo Kim. AU - Lee, Youn Jae. AU - Chae, Yoon Chon. AU - Kim, Byung Ik. AU - Lee, Young Suk. AU - Yang, Jin Mo. AU - Haak, Cheoul Kim. AU - Jae, Seok Hwang. AU - Choi, Sung Kyu. AU - Kweon, Young Oh. AU - Jeong, Sook Hyang. AU - Lee, Myung Seok. AU - Choi, Jong Young. AU - Kim, Dae Ghon. AU - Yun, Soo Kim. AU - Heon, Young Lee. AU - Yoo, Kwon. AU - Yoo, Hee Won. AU - Lee, Hyo Suk. PY - 2007/5. Y1 - 2007/5. N2 - Clevudine is a pyrimidine analogue with potent and sustained antiviral activity against HBV. The present study ...
Genomic analysis of Hepatitis B virus reveals antigen state and genotype as sources of evolutionary rate variationGenomic analysis of Hepatitis B virus reveals antigen state and genotype as sources of evolutionary rate variation
2011) Viruses 3, 83-101.. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes are small, semi-double-stranded DNA circular genomes that contain alternating overlapping reading frames and replicate through an RNA intermediary phase. This complex biology has presented a challenge to estimating an evolutionary rate for HBV, leading to difficulties resolving the evolutionary and epidemiological history of the virus. Here, we re-examine rates of HBV evolution using a novel data set of 112 within-host, transmission history (pedigree) and among-host genomes isolated over 20 years from the indigenous peoples of the South Pacific, combined with 248 previously published HBV genomes. We employ Bayesian phylogenetic approaches to examine several potential causes and consequences of evolutionary rate variation in HBV. Our results reveal rate variation both between genotypes and across the genome, as well as strikingly slower rates when genomes are sampled in the Hepatitis B e antigen positive state, compared to the e antigen ...
Treatment of a Patient with HBeAg-negative Chronic Hepatitis B | healthPlexus.netTreatment of a Patient with HBeAg-negative Chronic Hepatitis B | healthPlexus.net
It is estimated that there are 350 million world wide carriers of the hepatitis B virus, mostly coming from Asia (Lai et al., 2005). With immigration of Chinese into Western countries, hepatitis B is now becoming established in countries where it was previously uncommon. Chronic hepatitis B infection is a prevalent disease especially in the Toronto and Vancouver areas where most Asians live. Fortunately, over the past decade effective anti-viral treatments have become available. Chronic hepatitis B is mostly an asymptomatic disease, therefore, serological and imaging tests should be used to identify, follow and treat those considered high risk ...
HKU Scholars Hub: Hepatitis B surface antigen kinetics during 10 years of virologic suppression with nucleoside analogue therapyHKU Scholars Hub: Hepatitis B surface antigen kinetics during 10 years of virologic suppression with nucleoside analogue therapy
BACKGROUND: The kinetics of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels during long-term nucleoside analogue therapy has not been described. METHODS: We recruited 71 patients achieving persistent viro-logic suppression (Serum HBV DNA < 2,000 IU/mL) during lamivudine therapy for at least 10 years (10 patients for 15 years). Serum HBsAg (Elecsys HBsAg II) and HBV DNA levels (Cobas Taqman) were determined at baseline, year 5 and year 10. HBV genotype was determined by a line probe assay. RESULTS: The median age at lamivudine commencement was 38.6 (range 13.1 to 66.7) years. 57 patients (78.1%) were male and 43 (58.9%) were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive, with all 43 patients achieving HBeAg seroconversion after a median period of 2.82 (range 0.13 to 10.85) months. There was no significant difference in the median annual HBsAg decline rate from baseline to year 5 and from year 5 to 10 (0.350 and 0.359 log IU/mL/year respectively, p = 0.749). There was no difference in median annual ...
Prolonged Entecavir Therapy Is Not Effective for HBeAg Seroconversion in Treatment-Naive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with a...Prolonged Entecavir Therapy Is Not Effective for HBeAg Seroconversion in Treatment-Naive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with a...
PubMedID: 26100697 | Prolonged Entecavir Therapy Is Not Effective for HBeAg Seroconversion in Treatment-Naive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with a Partial Virological Response. | Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy | 9/1/2015
HBV-RNA Predicts Response to PEG-IFN in HBeAg Negative Chronic Hepatitis B - Infectious Disease AdvisorHBV-RNA Predicts Response to PEG-IFN in HBeAg Negative Chronic Hepatitis B - Infectious Disease Advisor
In patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, treatment with pegylated interferon has effected a fast and significant decline in hepatitis B virus RNA.
Additive effect modification of hepatitis B surface antigen and e antigen on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. |...Additive effect modification of hepatitis B surface antigen and e antigen on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. |...
To assess the role of hepatitis B e antigen HBeAg and its interaction with hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma HCC, this case-control study included 361 age-and sex-matched pairs of patients with histologically proven HCC and healthy control subjects. HBsAg, HBeAg and antibody to HBeAg anti-HBe were...
The effects of SRPK1 and SRPK2 on HBV precore protein :: University of Southern California Dissertations and ThesesThe effects of SRPK1 and SRPK2 on HBV precore protein :: University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
The SR-domain protein kinase (SRPK) 1 and 2 are two important kinases, which can bind to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein and may be responsible for the phosphorylation of the core protein. The HBV precore protein contains core protein sequence plus an additional 29 amino acids in the N-terminus. The HBV e antigen is formed after processing of the precore to the p22e protein. Here, the role of SRPK1 and SRPK2 in the processing of the precore was determined. SRPK1 and SRPK2 can affect the precore processing in a kinase activity dependent manner; however, they have no significant effect on HBeAg secretion. Using confocal microscopy, I show that precore protein and SRPK2 colocalized, suggesting their physical interaction. Thus, these findings indicate that SRPK1 and SRPK2 can bind and phosphorylate the precore in the cytoplasm and affect the processing of the precore without affecting the HBeAg secretion ...
Off-treatment durability of antiviral response to nucleoside analogues in patients with chronic hepatitis B | BMC...Off-treatment durability of antiviral response to nucleoside analogues in patients with chronic hepatitis B | BMC...
In approximately 9 years after initiating NA administration, 44 % (17/39) of HBeAg-negative patients and 15 % (8/55) of HBeAg-positive patients were under control without NA. In other words, more than half of HBeAg-negative and most of HBeAg-positive patients still need NA therapy, suggesting difficulty in stopping NA therapy.. In this study we adopted the APASL stopping recommendation [12]. Most of the HBeAg-negative patients (95 %) satisfied this stopping criteria, whereas only one forth of the HBeAg-positive patients (27 %) did. These results are in agreement with a study [15] reporting that seroconversion from HBeAg-positive to HBeAb-positive occurred only in 38 % of HBeAg-positive patients through 4 year-treatment of ETV. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with lower serum HBV-DNA levels were more likely to meet the stopping criteria in concordance with the previous study [15]. Thus, patients with higher serum HBV-DNA will have difficulty to cease NA treatment once it ...
CD49e antigen | definition of CD49e antigen by Medical dictionaryCD49e antigen | definition of CD49e antigen by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of CD49e antigen in the Medical Dictionary? CD49e antigen explanation free. What is CD49e antigen? Meaning of CD49e antigen medical term. What does CD49e antigen mean?
Therapeutic vaccination in chronic hepatitis B | AVESİSTherapeutic vaccination in chronic hepatitis B | AVESİS
Aims: The aim was to test the efficacy of a pre-S2-containing vaccine (Genhevac-B) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Twenty-five naive patients (22 male, three female; median age 35; range: 6-69 years) with CHB were recruited. The inclusion criteria were: hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive or HBV-DNA detectable with liquid hybridization; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is at least 1.5-fold the upper normal limit and histological evidence of chronic hepatitis. ...
The importance of baseline viral load when assessing relative efficacy in treatment-naïve HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a...The importance of baseline viral load when assessing relative efficacy in treatment-naïve HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a...
To date no network meta-analysis (NMA) has accounted for baseline variations in viral load when assessing the relative efficacy of interventions for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We undertook baseline-adjusted and unadjusted analyses using the same data to explore the impact of baseline viral load (BVL) on CHB treatment response. We searched Embase, Medline, Medline in Process and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases for randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of monotherapy interventions at licensed doses for use in CHB. Search strategies comprised CHB disease and drug terms (a combination of controlled vocabulary and free text terms) and also a bespoke RCT filter. The NMA was undertaken in WinBUGs using fixed and random effects methods, using data obtained from a systematic review. Individual patient data (IPD) from an entecavir clinical trial were used to quantify the impact of different baseline characteristics (in particular undetectable viral load (UVL) at 1 year) on relative treatment effect. Study level mean
Genotype B and Younger Patient Age Associated with Better Response to Low-Dose Therapy: A Trial with Pegylated/Nonpegylated...Genotype B and Younger Patient Age Associated with Better Response to Low-Dose Therapy: A Trial with Pegylated/Nonpegylated...
Background. Cost and clinically significant adverse effects are the major limiting factors of interferon (IFN) use in therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A clinical trial was conducted in China to study the efficiency and clinical relevance of low-dose regimen of IFN treatment for chronic HBV infection and to reveal factors predicting sustained combined response.. Methods. During a randomized, open-label control study, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with chronic HBV infection (n = 230) were assigned to receive pegylated IFN-α-2b (1.0 µg/kg) (n = 115) or IFN-α-2b (3 MIU; n = 115) for a 24-week period. Sustained combined response was assessed 24 weeks after the completion of treatment.. Results. The greater rate of HBeAg loss in the pegylated IFN-group (23%) was the only statistically significant difference between the 2 treatment arms observed at the end of follow-up. The results of the multivariate statistical analysis revealed that HBV genotype B and ...
Safety and antiviral activity of emtricitabine (FTC) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection: A two-year studySafety and antiviral activity of emtricitabine (FTC) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection: A two-year study
After patients completed 96 weeks of treatment and emtricitabine was stopped, patients were followed off treatment for 6 months. Treatment-free follow-up data showed continued virologic response for 19 of 69 patients (28% with HBV DNA levels ≦4700copies/mL), serologic response for 20 of 50 patients (40% seroconversion to anti-HBe), and normal ALT for 38 of 66 patients (58%). Similar relapse rates were observed for both HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative patients for both HBV DNA and ALT, i.e. HBV DNA >LOD and/or ALT abnormal at follow-up week 24 for patients with HBV DNA < LOD and/or ALT normal at week 96. Of the patients who had seroconverted to anti-HBe by week 96 (n=22), four patients reverted to HBeAg positive and one patient lost anti-HBe but remained HBeAg negative at the end of the treatment-free follow-up; the other 17 patients (77%) had stable seroconversion. Of the 78 patients with at least 1 day of follow-up, 15 patients (19%) experienced exacerbation of hepatitis. Generally, ...
Diary from a Week in Practice - Apr 15, 1999 - American Family PhysicianDiary from a Week in Practice - Apr 15, 1999 - American Family Physician
WLL has a patient with hepatitis C that was contracted during a blood transfusion over 10 years ago. The infection was associated with a slowly increasing alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level over the past two years. Liver biopsy showed mild to moderate inflammation with no cirrhosis. WLLs patient had read about using vitamin E, 400 IU per day, to reduce levels of ALT, hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B e antibody in patients with hepatitis B virus (Ann Intern Med 1998;128:156-7). In addition, he had heard of using the hepatoprotective botanical milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for reducing transaminase levels in patients with chronic active hepatitis (Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1993;31:456-60) and alcoholic cirrhosis (J Hepatol 1989;9:105-13). The patient wanted to try them. So, he and WLL discussed the risks (which appeared to be few according to the literature) and benefits (which were only anecdotal for treatment of hepatitis C) and decided on a "trial-of-one." WLL performed a ...
Search | Korea ScienceSearch | Korea Science
Background: In chronic hepatitis B (CHB), the presence of hepatic steatosis (HS) seems to be associated with known host and viral factors which may influence the long-term prognosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), probably leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Different from chronic hepatitis C (CHC), factors associated with HS in CHB are not clearly explored. Materials and Methods: 160 CHB patients were divided into two groups depending on the results of liver biopsy. Group I consisted of 71 patients with confirmed steatosis. Group II comprised 89 patients without steatosis. The groups were compared in terms of basal characteristics, body mass index (BMI), liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), serum fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipids, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), viral load, and histological findings. Results: In terms of host factors, male gender, older age, BMI, high serum FBS and lipid levels were associated with HS. On the other hand, ALT levels, the HAI scores of ...
Antibody against E Antigen of Hepatitis B Virus | medicoAntibody against E Antigen of Hepatitis B Virus | medico
Specifications HBeAg mAb2: Antibody against E Antigen of Hepatitis B Virus Catalogue # Immunogen Source Host Clone Applications MD-A28-Ab2 Mouse Monoclonal ELISA, Lateral flow immunoassay Grade Ion-exchange purified >95% Storage & Stability Store at 2-8°C. The product is stable in the unopened vial until the expiry date given. For long-term storage, freeze at -20°C. Avoid repetitive freezing and thawing. Concentration Format Specificity Recognizes e antigen of hepatitis B. Isotype IgG1 Affinity Constant Titer Hazards Intended for laboratory and manufacturing use only. Not for drug, food or household use. Standard laboratory practices should be followed when handling.
Production, characterization and in vitro testing of HBcAg-specific VHH intrabodies | Microbiology SocietyProduction, characterization and in vitro testing of HBcAg-specific VHH intrabodies | Microbiology Society
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections represent a global health problem, since these account for 350 million chronic infections worldwide that result in 500 000-700 000 deaths each year. Control of viral replication and HBV-related disease and mortality are of utmost importance. Because the currently available antiviral therapies all have major limitations, new strategies to treat chronic HBV infection are eagerly awaited. Six single-domain antibodies (VHHs) targeting the core antigen of HBV (HBcAg) have been generated and three of these bound strongly to HBcAg of both subtype ayw and adw. These three VHHs were studied as intrabodies directed towards the nucleus or the cytoplasm of a hepatoma cell line that was co-transfected with HBV. A speckled staining of HBcAg was observed in the cytoplasm of cells transfected with nucleotropic VHH intrabodies. Moreover, an increased intracellular accumulation of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and a complete disappearance of intracellular HBcAg signal were observed with
ANZCTR - RegistrationANZCTR - Registration
Adult patients (18-69 years of age) with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B (HBsAg positive for more than 6 months) with serum HBV DNA ,10 to the 6 copies /mL, ALT levels ,2 x ULN and less than or equal to 10x ULN and a Knodell necroinflammatory score of greater than or equal to 3 and a Knodell fibrosis score , 4. However, up to 96 patients with cirrhosis, i.e. knodell fibrosis score equal to 4, will be eligible for enrollment. Patients who have not had a bopisy within 6 months at baseline must agree to undergo a liver biopsy prior to randomisation. No evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ie. fetoptotein 50 ng/mL at screening. Patients are wligible if they are treatment naive, ie less than 12 weeks of prior nucleoside or nucleotide (adefovir, dipivoxil or tenofovir DF) treatment. Any previous treatment with nucleosides and nucleotides (eg up to 12 weeks) and interferon (pegylated or not) must have ended at least 6 months prior to the pre-treatment biopsy. ...
Novel mutation in Hepatitis B virus preventing HBeAg production and resembling primate strains | Microbiology SocietyNovel mutation in Hepatitis B virus preventing HBeAg production and resembling primate strains | Microbiology Society
Chronic carriers of hepatitis B infection often harbour virus strains with mutations in the precore region. These mutations are temporally associated with the development of HBeAg loss and seroconversion to anti-HBe. The most common precore mutation is a stop codon at position 1896, but other mutations leading to abolished HBeAg secretion have been described. Here, a novel precore mutation introducing a lysine in the precore position 28, a sequence shared by non-human primates but not by other human isolates, is described. However, the insertion causes a frame-shift preventing the expression of HBeAg by introducing a stop codon 5 aa downstream of the mutation. Analysis of the predicted RNA secondary structure indicates that the insertion could occur without fatally affecting the stability of the stem-loop encapsidation signal.
Clinical Trials sub-cluster 9Clinical Trials sub-cluster 9
To determine which baseline factors of chronic hepatitis B patients are predictive of virological response to Peginterferon alpha-2b therapy. A total of 21 HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with Peginterferon alpha-2b were recruited. They were treated with Peginterferon alpha-2b (0.5-1.0 microg/kg per week) for 24 wk and followed ...
Most recent papers with the keyword Interferon b | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword Interferon b | Read by QxMD
Objective: To investigate the optimal treatment regimen for patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) after suboptimal response to 24 weeks of pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) α-2a. Methods: A total of 188 patients with HBeAg-positive CHB who had suboptimal response to 24 weeks of Peg-IFN α-2a were randomly divided into entecavir group (n = 93) and telbivudine group (n = 95). The two groups received entecavir 0.5 mg/d and telbivudine 0.6 g/d, respectively, for 208 weeks. After 208 weeks of treatment, the following indices were assessed: HBeAg clearance rate and seroconversion rate, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA clearance rate (HBV DNA , 500 IU/ml), safety, and drug resistance rate ...
52-Week Efficacy and Safety of Telbivudine with Conditional Tenofovir Intensification at Week 24 in HBeAg-Positive Chronic...52-Week Efficacy and Safety of Telbivudine with Conditional Tenofovir Intensification at Week 24 in HBeAg-Positive Chronic...
52-Week Efficacy and Safety of Telbivudine with Conditional Tenofovir Intensification at Week 24 in HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
HBV/HIV | Adult and Adolescent ARV | AIDSinfoHBV/HIV | Adult and Adolescent ARV | AIDSinfo
Antiretroviral Drugs with Dual Activities against HBV and HIV. Among the ARV drugs, 3TC, FTC, TAF, and TDF all have activity against HBV. Entecavir is an HBV nucleoside analog which also has weak HIV activity. TAF is a tenofovir prodrug with HBV activity and potentially less renal and bone toxicities than TDF. The efficacy of TDF versus TAF in patients with HBV monoinfection was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial of HBV treatment-naive and treatment-experienced HBeAg-negative patients. In this study, TAF was noninferior to TDF based on the percentage of patients with HBV DNA levels ,29 IU/mL at 48 weeks of therapy (94% for TAF vs. 93% for TDF; P = .47).18 TAF was also noninferior to TDF in HBeAg-positive patients with chronic HBV monoinfection with a similar percentage of patients achieving HBV DNA levels ,29 IU/mL at 48 weeks of therapy (64% for TAF vs. 67% for TDF; P = .25).19 In both studies, patients on TAF experienced significantly smaller mean percentage decreases from baseline in ...
E Antigen Typing - Patient | ARUP Lab Test DirectoryE Antigen Typing - Patient | ARUP Lab Test Directory
Determine if the E (RH3) antigen is expressed on the patients red blood cells. To determine if the patient is heterozygous or homozygous for the E antigen, Little e Antigen Typing - Patient (2007943) should also be ordered.. ...
Tips From Other Journals - American Family PhysicianTips From Other Journals - American Family Physician
Lamivudine was previously the only oral medication for chronic hepatitis B infection and had problems with rapid induction of viral resistance, which led to severe hepatitis flares in some affected patients. Tailoring therapy to those patients at increased risk of disease progression has been important, given the known risks of treatment. The presence or absence of hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) provides some important prognostic information. Those patients who are initially HBeAg-positive but then seroconvert to a negative antigen status with positive envelope antibody and suppressed viral load are known to have decreased progression of liver disease. In contrast, infected patients who have ongoing viral replication in the presence of negative HBeAg and positive envelope antibody appear to have more risk for severe and progressive liver injury. Marcellin and colleagues from Adefovir Study Group 437 (use of adefovir in HBeAg-positive patients) and Hadziyannis and colleagues from Adefovir ...
Delayed clearance of serum HBsAg in compensated cirrhosis B: relation to interferon alpha therapy and disease prognosis -...Delayed clearance of serum HBsAg in compensated cirrhosis B: relation to interferon alpha therapy and disease prognosis -...
RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 68 months, HBsAg loss occurred in 32 patients, including 16 (8%) of 196 untreated patients (mean annual incidence 0.8%), 8 (10%) of 82 interferon (IFN) alpha-treated patients and eight patients who had been treated with other antivirals or steroids. The 5-yr probability of HBsAg loss was 4% and 16% for untreated and IFN-treated patients, respectively (p = 0.0001). Coxs regression analysis identified hepatitis B e antigen-positivity at entry as the sole independent prognostic factor for HBsAg loss. Of the 32 patients who lost HBsAg, one (3%) subsequently developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and died, whereas, among the patients who remained HBsAg-positive, 11% developed HCC and 20% had died. The probability of HCC appearance was lower (p = 0.0137) and survival was longer (p = 0.0006) in patients who cleared HBsAg compared with patients with HBsAg persistence ...
Understanding the Hepatitis B e-Antigen or HBeAgUnderstanding the Hepatitis B e-Antigen or HBeAg
HBeAg, the hepatitis B e-antigen, is a protein that circulates in the blood during active infection with the virus, but it may clear in recovery.
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HBeAb | Case StudiesHBeAb | Case Studies
following tests; HBsAg negative, HBsAb positive, HBeAb positive. • September, 2006: Epigastric mass biopsy ... Childs Pugh score, CLIP score ,HCV ab, HBsAg , HBsAb, HBeAb, cytology Treatments: .... ...
Nephrotic syndromeNephrotic syndrome
Breakthrough infectionBreakthrough infection
HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2
HBsAgHBsAg
WHSC2WHSC2
History of virologyHistory of virology
Baruch Samuel BlumbergBaruch Samuel Blumberg
CCDC85BCCDC85B
TelbivudineTelbivudine
Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapyGold nanoparticles in chemotherapy
HLA-DR2HLA-DR2
HBcAgHBcAg
Heterozygote advantageHeterozygote advantage
Irving MillmanIrving Millman
Ground glass hepatocyteGround glass hepatocyte
VaccineVaccine
VaccineVaccine
Autoimmune hypophysitisAutoimmune hypophysitis
SEPSECSSEPSECS
FCGRTFCGRT
T cellT cell
Vaccine-naiveVaccine-naive
Sheila SherlockSheila Sherlock
Heterozygote advantageHeterozygote advantage
AdefovirAdefovir
Saliva testingSaliva testing
Men who have sex with menMen who have sex with men
EIF1EIF1
T细胞 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书T细胞 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
Hepatitis D - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedijaHepatitis D - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
EbolaEbola
RituximabRituximab
Apolipoprotein C4Apolipoprotein C4
RituximabRituximab
Lassa feverLassa fever
Yellow feverYellow fever
Membranous glomerulonephritisMembranous glomerulonephritis
JC virusJC virus
Artificial induction of immunityArtificial induction of immunity
Index of HIV/AIDS-related articlesIndex of HIV/AIDS-related articles
White blood cellWhite blood cell
RetrovirusRetrovirus
Pasteur InstitutePasteur Institute
CholangiocarcinomaCholangiocarcinoma
ஸ்டீபன் பெயின்ஸ்டோன் - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியாஸ்டீபன் பெயின்ஸ்டோன் - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
Type IV collagenType IV collagen
Medical microbiologyMedical microbiology
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicityAntibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Harvey J. AlterHarvey J. Alter
Food allergyFood allergy
Type IV hypersensitivityType IV hypersensitivity
EpigeneticsEpigenetics
Lasker AwardLasker Award
HepadnaviridaeHepadnaviridae
Occupational hazards of human nail dustOccupational hazards of human nail dust
Red blood cellRed blood cell
Immunologic adjuvantImmunologic adjuvant
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Hepatitis B e AntigensHepatitis B virusHepatitis BHepatitis B, ChronicHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis B AntigensHepatitis B Core AntigensHepatitis B AntibodiesLamivudineHepatitis B VaccinesDNA, ViralAntiviral AgentsAlanine TransaminaseCarrier StateHepatitis, ChronicOrganophosphonatesHepatitis CAdenineHepatitis AInterferon-alphaViral LoadLiver CirrhosisCarcinoma, HepatocellularInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalAntigensGenotypeReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsDrug Resistance, ViralLiver NeoplasmsHepatitisPregnancy Complications, InfectiousNucleosidesLiverHepatitis, Viral, HumanHepatitis C, ChronicVirus ReplicationGuanineMolecular Sequence DataPolyethylene GlycolsMutationHepatitis A virusHepatitis B Virus, DuckHepatitis VirusesTreatment OutcomeRecombinant ProteinsHepatitis AntibodiesAntigens, BacterialHepacivirusBase SequenceHepatitis A VaccinesChronic DiseaseChinaHepatitis C AntibodiesAntigens, NeoplasmDrug Therapy, CombinationPolymerase Chain ReactionHepatitis, Viral, AnimalHepatitis DAntigens, SurfaceViral Hepatitis VaccinesAntigens, ViralTime FactorsFollow-Up StudiesHepatitis Delta VirusHepatitis EHepatitis A AntibodiesHepatitis E virusHepatitis, AutoimmuneSeroepidemiologic StudiesProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesHepatitis A Virus, HumanBiological MarkersPregnancyRNA, ViralHepatitis, AnimalAmino Acid SequenceViral Core ProteinsHepatitis B Virus, WoodchuckHepatitis delta AntigensAntibodies, ViralHepatitis C Antigens
Hepatitis b e antigen | Define Hepatitis b e antigen at Dictionary.comHepatitis b e antigen | Define Hepatitis b e antigen at Dictionary.com
Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus E Antigen protein (ab91273)Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus E Antigen protein (ab91273)
Hepatitis B e antigen-positive Healthcare Workers - OSAPHepatitis B e antigen-positive Healthcare Workers - OSAP
Circulating MicroRNAs in Plasma of Hepatitis B e Antigen Positive Children Reveal Liver-Specific Target GenesCirculating MicroRNAs in Plasma of Hepatitis B e Antigen Positive Children Reveal Liver-Specific Target Genes
Serum hepatitis B virus-DNA cutoff levels in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection -...Serum hepatitis B virus-DNA cutoff levels in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection -...
Response-guided peginterferon therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B using serum hepatitis B surface...Response-guided peginterferon therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B using serum hepatitis B surface...
AID 378283 - Inhibition of Hepatitis B virus E antigen activity in human MS-G2 cells at 10 ug/mL - PubChemAID 378283 - Inhibition of Hepatitis B virus E antigen activity in human MS-G2 cells at 10 ug/mL - PubChem
Hepatitis B e (Envelop) Antigen (HbeAg): Purpose & Normal Range of Results | 1mgHepatitis B e (Envelop) Antigen (HbeAg): Purpose & Normal Range of Results | 1mg
JCI - Acute exacerbations of chronic type B hepatitis are accompanied by increased T cell responses to hepatitis B core and e...JCI - Acute exacerbations of chronic type B hepatitis are accompanied by increased T cell responses to hepatitis B core and e...
The importance of the serum quantitative levels of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen in children with...The importance of the serum quantitative levels of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen in children with...
Hepatitis B Antigens are Attacked by Immureboost and they Go NegativeHepatitis B Antigens are Attacked by Immureboost and they Go Negative
Hepatitis core antigen (IPR002006) | InterPro | EMBL-EBIHepatitis core antigen (IPR002006) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Hepatitis-associated antigen in chronic hepatitis. | The BMJHepatitis-associated antigen in chronic hepatitis. | The BMJ
HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENHEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN
Hepatitis B e antigen definition | Drugs.comHepatitis B e antigen definition | Drugs.com
Hep B surface antigen positive - Hepatitis B - MedHelpHep B surface antigen positive - Hepatitis B - MedHelp
Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic banana plants | SpringerLinkExpression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic banana plants | SpringerLink
Appendix C: Identification and Management of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)--Positive PersonsAppendix C: Identification and Management of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)--Positive Persons
Synergism of tapasin and human leukocyte antigens in resolving hepatitis C virus infection. - PubMed - NCBISynergism of tapasin and human leukocyte antigens in resolving hepatitis C virus infection. - PubMed - NCBI
Hepatitis b surface antigen | Define Hepatitis b surface antigen at Dictionary.comHepatitis b surface antigen | Define Hepatitis b surface antigen at Dictionary.com
JCI - Entering the spotlight: hepatitis B surface antigen-specific B cellsJCI - Entering the spotlight: hepatitis B surface antigen-specific B cells
Western and dot immunoblotting analysis of viral antigens and antibodies: application to murine hepatitis virus. - PubMed -...Western and dot immunoblotting analysis of viral antigens and antibodies: application to murine hepatitis virus. - PubMed -...
Viral hepatitis antigens | definition of viral hepatitis antigens by Medical dictionaryViral hepatitis antigens | definition of viral hepatitis antigens by Medical dictionary
Recombinant Hepatitis A Virus Surface Antigen protein (ab68870)Recombinant Hepatitis A Virus Surface Antigen protein (ab68870)
hepatitis B surface antigen Archives - Hepatitis B Foundationhepatitis B surface antigen Archives - Hepatitis B Foundation
Proposal for routine antenatal screening at 14 weeks for hepatitis B surface antigen | The BMJProposal for routine antenatal screening at 14 weeks for hepatitis B surface antigen | The BMJ
Antigen positive to Non-reactive - Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection - TheBody.comAntigen positive to Non-reactive - Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection - TheBody.com
hep B Surface Antigen Positive - Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection - TheBody.comhep B Surface Antigen Positive - Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection - TheBody.com
Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen VariantsHepatitis B Virus e Antigen Variants
Non-A non-B hepatitis specific antigen and its use in hepatitis - Tonen CorporationNon-A non-B hepatitis specific antigen and its use in hepatitis - Tonen Corporation
Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen: Novus BiologicalsHepatitis C Virus Core Antigen: Novus Biologicals
Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies: Novus BiologicalsHepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies: Novus Biologicals
NHANES 2011-2012: Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody Data Documentation, Codebook, and...NHANES 2011-2012: Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody Data Documentation, Codebook, and...
NHANES 2005-2006: Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody Data Documentation, Codebook, and...NHANES 2005-2006: Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody Data Documentation, Codebook, and...
Collaborative study to evaluate the candidate 3rd WHO international standard for hepatitis B surface antigenCollaborative study to evaluate the candidate 3rd WHO international standard for hepatitis B surface antigen
Hepatitis-associated antigen in liver disease in KenyaHepatitis-associated antigen in liver disease in Kenya
Hepatitis B e antigen: an apparent association with lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-5 | ScienceHepatitis B "e" antigen: an apparent association with lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-5 | Science
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Hepatitis B e AntigensHepatitis B virusHepatitis BHepatitis B, ChronicHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis B AntigensHepatitis B Core AntigensHepatitis B AntibodiesLamivudineHepatitis B VaccinesDNA, ViralAntiviral AgentsAlanine TransaminaseCarrier StateHepatitis, ChronicOrganophosphonatesHepatitis CAdenineHepatitis AInterferon-alphaViral LoadLiver CirrhosisCarcinoma, HepatocellularInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalAntigensGenotypeReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsDrug Resistance, ViralLiver NeoplasmsHepatitisPregnancy Complications, InfectiousNucleosidesLiverHepatitis, Viral, HumanHepatitis C, ChronicVirus ReplicationGuanineMolecular Sequence DataPolyethylene GlycolsMutationHepatitis A virusHepatitis B Virus, DuckHepatitis VirusesTreatment OutcomeRecombinant ProteinsHepatitis AntibodiesAntigens, BacterialHepacivirusBase SequenceHepatitis A VaccinesChronic DiseaseChinaHepatitis C AntibodiesAntigens, NeoplasmDrug Therapy, CombinationPolymerase Chain ReactionHepatitis, Viral, AnimalHepatitis DAntigens, SurfaceViral Hepatitis VaccinesAntigens, ViralTime FactorsFollow-Up StudiesHepatitis Delta VirusHepatitis EHepatitis A AntibodiesHepatitis E virusHepatitis, AutoimmuneSeroepidemiologic StudiesProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesHepatitis A Virus, HumanBiological MarkersPregnancyRNA, ViralHepatitis, AnimalAmino Acid SequenceViral Core ProteinsHepatitis B Virus, WoodchuckHepatitis delta AntigensAntibodies, ViralHepatitis C Antigens
HBeAgInfectionSeroconversionPrecorePatientsHepatocellular carcinomaRecombinantCoreHBEAGHBcAgViral antigensAbstractVaccineProteinAntibody to hepatitis B surface antigenDiscovery of the Australia antigenLiverSerum hepatitisRecombinantAnti-hepatitis B surfaceInfection with hepatitis B virAssaySurface antigen levelsMonoclonal antibodyELISAFulminantDetectionVirusesResolving hepatitis C virGeneVaccinationHepatocellularCarriersAnnals of InterSpecificityImmunization10.1002Immune responseSerologicalAcute hepatitisPositive for hepatitisDiagnosisAutoimmune HepatitisTests for hepatitisPeptidesSymptomatic hepatitisHBcrAg
HBeAg10
Infection2
Seroconversion1
Precore1
Patients2
Hepatocellular carcinoma1
Recombinant1
  • The recombinant retrovirus was examined for its capacity to transmit resistance to the antibiotic, G418, and to express hepatitis B virus antigens in mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, human primary skin fibroblasts, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphocytes. (elsevier.com)
Core1
HBEAG23
HBcAg4
Viral antigens5
Abstract2
Vaccine10
Protein8
Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen1
Discovery of the Australia antigen1
Liver31
Serum hepatitis2
Recombinant2
Anti-hepatitis B surface1
Infection with hepatitis B vir1
Assay2
  • The International Immunodiagnostics HDV Ab assay is a competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the determination of antibodies to Hepatitis D Virus or HDV in human plasma and sera with a 'two step" methodology. (cdc.gov)
  • This feature of the e antigen provides an assay system for laboratory diagnosis of potential clinical usefulness and suggests its possible role in pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury. (sciencemag.org)
Surface antigen levels4
Monoclonal antibody4
ELISA5
Fulminant3
Detection5
Viruses12
Resolving hepatitis C vir1
Gene3
Vaccination6
Hepatocellular7
Carriers6
Annals of Inter1
  • The review, published in Annals of Internal Medicine on 20 June , compared the sensitivity and specificity of 5 commercially available tests for hepatitis C core antigen compared to nucleic acid testing for HCV RNA. (hivandhepatitis.com)
Specificity1
  • In this study HCV core-antigen testing on the Architect platform displayed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (97.96%) in diagnosing acute HCV in HIV-infected individuals who experience elevated transaminases. (natap.org)
Immunization6
10.10021
Immune response2
Serological1
Acute hepatitis6
Positive for hepatitis1
Diagnosis6
Autoimmune Hepatitis1
  • Yamagiwa S, Kamimura H, Takamura M, Genda T, Ichida T, Nomoto M, Aoyagi Y. Presence of Antibodies against Self Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Molecules in Autoimmune Hepatitis. (medsci.org)
Tests for hepatitis1
  • 1 2 3 Therefore, a multicentre study was designed in 1982 to determine whether efficient organisation of screening for hepatitis B could be set up in and outside hospital by adding tests for hepatitis B surface antigen to the already accepted and widely used protocol for routine antenatal screening at 14 weeks of gestation. (bmj.com)
Peptides1
  • Tapasin along with the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), ERp57 and calreticulin form the peptide loading complex (PLC), which loads viral peptides onto HLA class I. Tapasin binds to HLA class I and is thought to assist in the dissociation of peptides which bind with low affinity. (nih.gov)
Symptomatic hepatitis1
  • All six cases of clinically symptomatic hepatitis were associated with infliximab therapy. (springer.com)
HBcrAg3
Best Labs and Diagnostic Centers for Hepatitis B S Surface Antigen Qualitative in Hyderabad | 1mg
Best Labs and Diagnostic Centers for Hepatitis B S Surface Antigen Qualitative in Hyderabad | 1mg (1mg.com)
Appendix C: Identification and Management of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)--Positive Persons
Appendix C: Identification and Management of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)--Positive Persons (cdc.gov)
Indicator 3.3.4: Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (percent)
Indicator 3.3.4: Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (percent) (sdg.org)
Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic banana plants | SpringerLink
Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic banana plants | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Antigen Test Wholesale, Antigen Suppliers - Alibaba
Antigen Test Wholesale, Antigen Suppliers - Alibaba (alibaba.com)
Australia Antigen and Acute Viral Hepatitis | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians
Australia Antigen and Acute Viral Hepatitis | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians (annals.org)
Notes from the Field: False-Negative Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Test Results in a Hemodialysis Patient - Nebraska, 2017 | MMWR
Notes from the Field: False-Negative Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Test Results in a Hemodialysis Patient - Nebraska, 2017 | MMWR (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis B surface antigen Archives - Hepatitis B Foundation
Hepatitis B surface antigen Archives - Hepatitis B Foundation (hepb.org)
Man-Fung Yuen's Research on Hepatitis B e Antigens | CureHunter
Man-Fung Yuen's Research on Hepatitis B e Antigens | CureHunter (curehunter.com)
Subjects
Subjects (apps.who.int)
Characterization and storage of malaria antigens: Fractionation of Plasmodium knowlesi-induced antigens of rhesus monkey...
Characterization and storage of malaria antigens: Fractionation of Plasmodium knowlesi-induced antigens of rhesus monkey... (apps.who.int)
Prevention and Control of Infections with Hepatitis Viruses in Correctional Settings
Prevention and Control of Infections with Hepatitis Viruses in Correctional Settings (cdc.gov)
Search
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China kit for house wholesale 🇨🇳 - Alibaba
China kit for house wholesale 🇨🇳 - Alibaba (alibaba.com)
Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings --- 2003
Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings --- 2003 (cdc.gov)
General Recommendations on Immunization
General Recommendations on Immunization (cdc.gov)
Appendix A: Case Finding and Management of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)--Positive Persons During Delivery of Vaccination...
Appendix A: Case Finding and Management of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)--Positive Persons During Delivery of Vaccination... (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen Variants
Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen Variants (medsci.org)
Sequence motifs in adenoviral DNA block immune activation by stimulatory CpG motifs | PNAS
Sequence motifs in adenoviral DNA block immune activation by stimulatory CpG motifs | PNAS (pnas.org)
Screening for Viral Hepatitis During the Domestic Medical Examination of Newly Arrived Refugees | Immigrant and Refugee Health ...
Screening for Viral Hepatitis During the Domestic Medical Examination of Newly Arrived Refugees | Immigrant and Refugee Health ... (cdc.gov)
Recommendations for Preventing Transmission of Infections Among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Recommendations for Preventing Transmission of Infections Among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients (cdc.gov)
Blood Safety Basics | CDC
Blood Safety Basics | CDC (cdc.gov)
A novel form of hepatitis delta antigen. | Journal of Virology
A novel form of hepatitis delta antigen. | Journal of Virology (jvi.asm.org)
Hepatitis B e antigen: an apparent association with lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-5 | Science
Hepatitis B "e" antigen: an apparent association with lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-5 | Science (science.sciencemag.org)
Enhanced immunogenicity of the pre-S region of hepatitis B surface antigen | Science
Enhanced immunogenicity of the pre-S region of hepatitis B surface antigen | Science (science.sciencemag.org)
Hepatitis Pictures
Hepatitis Pictures (herpes-coldsores.com)
Collaborative study to evaluate the candidate 3rd WHO international standard for hepatitis B surface antigen
Collaborative study to evaluate the candidate 3rd WHO international standard for hepatitis B surface antigen (apps.who.int)
CDC Recommendations for Hepatitis C Screening Among Adults - United States, 2020 | MMWR
CDC Recommendations for Hepatitis C Screening Among Adults - United States, 2020 | MMWR (cdc.gov)