Hepatitis B e Antigens: A closely related group of antigens found in the plasma only during the infective phase of hepatitis B or in virulent chronic hepatitis B, probably indicating active virus replication; there are three subtypes which may exist in a complex with immunoglobulins G.Hepatitis B virus: The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.Hepatitis B: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.Hepatitis B, Chronic: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.Hepatitis B Surface Antigens: Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.Hepatitis B Antigens: Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.Hepatitis B Core Antigens: The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.Hepatitis B Antibodies: Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.Lamivudine: A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.Hepatitis B Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.DNA, Viral: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Antiviral Agents: Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.Alanine Transaminase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.Carrier State: The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.Hepatitis, Chronic: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.Organophosphonates: Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.Hepatitis C: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.Adenine: A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.Hepatitis A: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.Interferon-alpha: One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways.Viral Load: The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.Liver Cirrhosis: Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.Carcinoma, Hepatocellular: A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical: The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.Antigens: Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE), an enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template.Drug Resistance, Viral: The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.Liver Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.Hepatitis: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.Pregnancy Complications, Infectious: The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.Nucleosides: Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Hepatitis, Viral, Human: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).Hepatitis C, Chronic: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.Virus Replication: The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.GuanineMolecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Polyethylene Glycols: Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Hepatitis A virus: A species in the genus HEPATOVIRUS containing one serotype and two strains: HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS and Simian hepatitis A virus causing hepatitis in humans (HEPATITIS A) and primates, respectively.Hepatitis B Virus, Duck: A DNA virus that closely resembles human hepatitis B virus. It has been recovered from naturally infected ducks.Hepatitis Viruses: Any of the viruses that cause inflammation of the liver. They include both DNA and RNA viruses as well viruses from humans and animals.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Hepatitis Antibodies: Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.Antigens, Bacterial: Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.Hepacivirus: A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Hepatitis A Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)China: A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.Hepatitis C Antibodies: Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.Antigens, Neoplasm: Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.Drug Therapy, Combination: Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Hepatitis, Viral, Animal: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.Hepatitis D: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.Antigens, Surface: Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.Viral Hepatitis Vaccines: Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis.Antigens, Viral: Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Hepatitis Delta Virus: A defective virus, containing particles of RNA nucleoprotein in virion-like form, present in patients with acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis. It requires the presence of a hepadnavirus for full replication. This is the lone species in the genus Deltavirus.Hepatitis E: Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HEPATITIS A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.Hepatitis A Antibodies: Antibodies to the HEPATITIS A ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.Hepatitis E virus: A positive-stranded RNA virus species in the genus HEPEVIRUS, causing enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (HEPATITIS E).Hepatitis, Autoimmune: A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.Seroepidemiologic Studies: EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Hepatitis A Virus, Human: A strain of HEPATITIS A VIRUS which causes hepatitis in humans. The virus replicates in hepatocytes and is presumed to reach the intestine via the bile duct. Transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.RNA, Viral: Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Hepatitis, Animal: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Viral Core Proteins: Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck: An ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS causing chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in woodchucks. It closely resembles the human hepatitis B virus.Hepatitis delta Antigens: Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS D VIRUS.Antibodies, Viral: Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.Hepatitis C Antigens: Antigens of the virions of HEPACIVIRUS, their surface, core, or other associated antigens.
Core promoter mutations and genotypes in relation to viral replication and liver damage in East Asian hepatitis B virus carriers. (1/743)
Virus load and liver damage, as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histology activity index, were related to genotype and core promoter mutations in 43 chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers of East Asian origin. T-1762 mutants were more frequent in genotype C strains and were associated with more inflammation (P=.0036) and fibrosis (P=.0088) of the liver but not with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status or virus load. Conversely, precore mutations were associated with less liver inflammation (P=. 08), which was linked to HBeAg negativity and lower viral replication. Carriers with genotype C were more often HBeAg positive (P=.03) with precore wild type strains and more-severe liver inflammation (P=.009) than were those with genotype B. These findings suggest that pathogenic differences between genotypes may exist and that the T-1762 mutation may be useful as a marker for progressive liver damage but seem to contradict that down-regulation of HBeAg production is the major effect of this mutation. (+info)Hepatitis B vaccination in high-risk infants: 10-year follow-up. (2/743)
The long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination among high-risk infants was determined in 805 vaccine responders, immunized at birth in Taiwan during 1981-1984 and followed to age 10 years, via life table survival and Cox multivariate analyses. At 10 years, cumulative persistence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was 85%, and cumulative incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was 15%. Three children became carriers. Twelve-month anti-HBs titer was the strongest predictor of efficacy. The higher the initial titer, the lower the risk of anti-HBs loss (relative risk [RR], 0.26 for titer of 100-999 mIU/mL; RR, 0.08 for titer >1000 mIU/mL; P<.001) and HBV infection (RR, 0.55 and 0.27; P<.05). Maternal hepatitis B e antigen positivity but not hepatitis B immunoglobulin dose or gender predicted greater antibody persistence to age 10 years. Because the level of antibody persistence remained high and few became carriers, booster revaccination within 10 years seems unnecessary. (+info)Quantitative analysis of hepatitis B virus precore mutant in hepatitis type B. (3/743)
Active liver disease has been detected in chronic hepatitis B after seroconversion from positive HBe antigen to positive anti-HBe antibody. Active replication of HB virus (HBV) containing a precore stop-codon mutation has been implicated in this condition. The usual methods, such as direct sequencing, to characterize the responsible mutant of HBV are not suitable for routine clinical use. Here we employed the competitive mutation site specific assay (CMSSA) to detect precore mutant HBV-DNA in patients with positive HB surface antigen. In patients with HBe antigen, precore mutant HBV-DNA was significantly higher than in patients with HBe antibody. The level of precore mutant HBV-DNA in patients with elevated serum ALT was significantly higher than in patients with normal serum ALT. Sex, age and the level of serum HBV-associated DNA polymerase levels were not correlated with levels of precore mutant HBV-DNA. Ten of 11 negative patients for the precore mutant by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCRRFLP) were positive for the precore mutant by CMSSA. These results suggest that the precore mutant has already emerged in the HBeAg-positive phase as determined by CMSSA, which is more sensitive than PCR-RFLP and is useful for evaluating the clinical course of patients with chronic hepatitis B. (+info)Hepatitis B surface antigen disappearance and hepatitis B surface antigen subtype: a prospective, long-term, follow-up study of Japanese residents of Okinawa, Japan with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (4/743)
To determine the natural course of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) disappearance in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the factors related to its disappearance, 946 HBsAg carriers in Okinawa, Japan were prospectively followed for up to 19 years (mean = 9.2 years). The disappearance of HBsAg, as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA), was observed in 62 (6.6%) and the overall annual disappearance rate was 0.79%/year. Its disappearance was more frequent in 60 (7.4%) of 815 serum samples negative for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) by RIA at entry compared with only two (1.5%) of 131 serum samples that were HBeAg positive by RIA at entry (P < 0.05). Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that age and HBsAg subtype were significantly associated with HBsAg disappearance (both P < 0.05), and that carriers with subtype adr (odds ratio = 2.87) had an increased probability of clearing HBsAg compared with carriers with subtype adw. Conversely, HBeAg disappearance was earlier in those with the adw subtype than in those with adr. Hepatitis B virus DNA was not detected by the polymerase chain reaction after HBsAg disappearance in any of the 62 from whom it had disappeared. The HBsAg titer, as measured by reverse passive hemagglutination, was related to the time to its disappearance; the higher the titer, the longer the time to disappearance. These findings suggest that HBeAg negativity, a more advanced age, and low titers of HBsAg are favorable factors for HBsAg disappearance in the natural course of chronic HBV infection. Moreover, HBsAg subtype adr was a predictive factor for HBsAg disappearance, whereas subtype adw was predictive of early HBeAg disappearance. (+info)Specific vaccine therapy in chronic hepatitis B: induction of T cell proliferative responses specific for envelope antigens. (5/743)
In a pilot study, it was established that specific therapy by standard anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination may be effective in reducing HBV replication and canceling the immune tolerance to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles in about 50% of persons with chronic active HBV replication. In the present study, the vaccine-induced immune responses were analyzed during an ongoing controlled multicenter vaccine trial. Vaccination elicited peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses specific for envelope antigen in 7 of 27 subjects given HBsAg. The responses induced by the vaccines were mediated by CD4+ T lymphocytes, and at least three different epitopes were recognized. HBV-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes produced high levels of interferon-gamma [corrected] and belonged to a T helper 1 subset. Reduction of serum HBV DNA in some of these persons suggests that induction of CD4+ T cell responses could be important in controlling viremia during vaccine therapy of chronic HBV carriers. (+info)Combinatorial screening and intracellular antiviral activity of hairpin ribozymes directed against hepatitis B virus. (6/743)
A combinatorial screening method has been used to identify hairpin ribozymes that inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in transfected human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. A hairpin ribozyme library (5 x 10(5) variants) containing a randomized substrate-binding domain was used to identify accessible target sites within 3.3 kb of full-length in vitro-transcribed HBV pregenomic RNA. Forty potential target sites were found within the HBV pregenomic RNA, and 17 sites conserved in all four subtypes of HBV were chosen for intracellular inhibition experiments. Polymerase II and III promoter expression constructs for corresponding hairpin ribozymes were generated and cotransfected into HCC cells together with a replication-competent dimer of HBV DNA. Four ribozymes inhibited HBV replication by 80, 69, 66, and 49%, respectively, while catalytically inactive mutant forms of these ribozymes affected HBV replication by 36, 28, 0, and 0%. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effects on HBV replication were largely mediated by the catalytic activity of the ribozymes. In conclusion, we have identified catalytically active RNAs by combinatorial screening that mediate intracellular antiviral effects on HBV. (+info)Markedly high seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in comparison to hepatitis C virus and human T lymphotropic virus type-1 infections in selected Solomon Islands populations. (7/743)
To determine the prevalences of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infections in residents of the Solomon Islands, we surveyed 1,610 serum samples from 1,113 outpatients and 497 healthy volunteer blood donors at the Central Hospital in Honiara, the Solomon Islands. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) (n = 315, 19.6%) was significantly different from that of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) by a second-generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (n = 4, 0.2%) and antibody to HTLV-1 (anti-HTLV-1) by an ELISA with Western blot analysis to verify the positivity (n = 49, 3.0%) (P < 0.0001, respectively). There were no significant differences in the prevalences of these markers between outpatients and blood donors. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was detected by RIA in 130 (41.3%) of 315 HBsAg-positive samples. The distribution of HBsAg subtypes by EIA was 190 adr (60.3%), 111 ayw (35.2%), and 14 (0.4%) other subtypes. The HBeAg prevalence decreased with age in all groups for each subtype. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of HBeAg among HBsAg subtypes. We conclude that HBV infection is highly endemic in selected Solomon Islands populations, and that the high prevalence of HBeAg may be associated with the spread of HBV infection there. (+info)Dual efficacy of lamivudine treatment in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus-coinfected persons in a randomized, controlled study (CAESAR). The CAESAR Coordinating Committee. (8/743)
The efficacy and safety of lamivudine in persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) were examined in the CAESAR study, a randomized placebo-controlled trial assessing the addition of lamivudine (150 mg 2x/day) or lamivudine (150 mg 2x/day) plus loviride (100 mg 3x/day) to zidovudine-containing background antiretroviral treatment. Baseline hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) results were available for 1790 study subjects, of whom 122 (6.8%) tested positive. Retrospective analyses for serial HBV DNA, HBsAg, and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were performed on stored sera from 118 HBsAg-positive subjects. HBV DNA and HBeAg were present in 83% and 63%, respectively. At weeks 12 and 52, median log10 HBV DNA change was -2.0 and -2.7, respectively, in the lamivudine arms, compared with no reduction among placebo recipients (P<.001). A trend to lower alanine transferase level, and delayed progression of HIV-1 disease (relative hazard, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.80) were also seen in the lamivudine arms, compared with the placebo group. (+info)
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Viral hepatitis antigens | definition of viral hepatitis antigens by Medical dictionary
Recombinant Hepatitis A Virus Surface Antigen protein (ab68870)
hepatitis B surface antigen Archives - Hepatitis B Foundation
Proposal for routine antenatal screening at 14 weeks for hepatitis B surface antigen | The BMJ
Antigen positive to Non-reactive - Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection - TheBody.com
hep B Surface Antigen Positive - Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection - TheBody.com
Non-A non-B hepatitis specific antigen and its use in hepatitis - Tonen Corporation
Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen: Novus Biologicals
Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies: Novus Biologicals
NHANES 2011-2012:
Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody Data Documentation, Codebook, and...
NHANES 2005-2006:
Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody Data Documentation, Codebook, and...
Collaborative study to evaluate the candidate 3rd WHO international standard for hepatitis B surface antigen
Hepatitis-associated antigen in liver disease in Kenya
Hepatitis B "e" antigen: an apparent association with lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-5 | Science
HBeAgInfectionSeroconversionPrecorePatientsHepatocellular carcinomaRecombinantCoreHBEAGHBcAgViral antigensAbstractVaccineProteinAntibody to hepatitis B surface antigenDiscovery of the Australia antigenLiverSerum hepatitisRecombinantAnti-hepatitis B surfaceInfection with hepatitis B virAssaySurface antigen levelsMonoclonal antibodyELISAFulminantDetectionVirusesResolving hepatitis C virGeneVaccinationHepatocellularCarriersAnnals of InterSpecificityImmunization10.1002Immune responseSerologicalAcute hepatitisPositive for hepatitisDiagnosisAutoimmune HepatitisTests for hepatitisPeptidesSymptomatic hepatitisHBcrAg
HBeAg10
- Hepatitis B e antigen positive (HBeAg-positive) children are at high risk of severe complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. (hindawi.com)
- By revisiting our previous screen of microRNA plasma levels in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and in healthy controls, candidate microRNAs with aberrant plasma expressions in HBeAg-positive children were identified. (hindawi.com)
- Risk of progressive liver disease primarily applies to hepatitis B e antigen positive (HBeAg-positive) children and seroclearance of HBeAg is a key event in the natural course of disease [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- During recovery from acute hepatitis B, HBeAg level declines and becomes undetectable in the serum, while hepatitis B e-antibody (anti-HBe) appears and becomes detectable in the serum. (1mg.com)
- T cell proliferative responses to hepatitis B virus-encoded envelope antigen (S + preS2 + preS1), recombinant core antigen (HBcAg), and natural hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were examined in 22 HBeAg-positive patients with chronic type B hepatitis and 17 healthy hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. (jci.org)
- These findings imply that HBcAg/HBeAg-specific T cells play an important role in the exacerbations of chronic hepatitis B and in HBeAg seroconversion. (jci.org)
- We aimed to investigate the clinical importance of quantitative levels of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and to detect their correlation with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA load, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, hepatic activity index (HAI) and fibrosis scores. (turkjgastroenterol.org)
- A total of 56 HBeAg-positive children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were included in the study. (turkjgastroenterol.org)
- Previously, an amphotropic retroviral expression system coding for the neomycin resistance gene was developed and used to synthesize hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B core/e antigen (HBc/eAg) in transfected mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts (A. McLachlan et al. (elsevier.com)
- Objective To examine viral evolutionary changes and their relationship to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion. (cnrs.fr)
Infection2
Seroconversion1
- Implications for hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion. (jci.org)
Precore1
- Nested PCR, cloning and sequencing of hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore/core gene was performed. (cnrs.fr)
Patients2
- Patients who test positive for Hepatitis B e Ag are more infectious as compared to Hepatitis B e Ag negative patients. (1mg.com)
- Does steatosis affect the performance of diffusion-weighted MRI values for fibrosis evaluation in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4? (turkjgastroenterol.org)
Hepatocellular carcinoma1
- Children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have a lifetime risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to 25% and an incidence of cirrhosis of 2-3% per year [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Recombinant1
- The recombinant retrovirus was examined for its capacity to transmit resistance to the antibiotic, G418, and to express hepatitis B virus antigens in mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, human primary skin fibroblasts, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphocytes. (elsevier.com)
Core1
HBEAG23
- Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) is a viral protein associated with HBV infections. (abcam.com)
- successful treatment will usually eliminate HBeAg from the blood and lead to development of antibodies against e-antigen (anti-HBe). (abcam.com)
- The core promoter mutants express less HBe antigen (HBeAg) through transcriptional down regulation, while precore mutants express truncated products. (medsci.org)
- HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen) was identified several years later as a marker for patients at high risk for transmission of the disease [ 20 ]. (medsci.org)
- Molecular cloning and sequencing of the HBV genome led to the redefinition of the three HBV antigens as viral gene products endowed with specific functions in viral life cycle [for an in-depth review on the molecular biology of HBV, see ref. The HBcAg and HBeAg are alternative translation products of the core gene, with HBeAg translation requiring an upstream precore region ATG codon (Fig. 2 ). (medsci.org)
- Hepatitis B e antigen positive (HBeAg-positive) children are at high risk of severe complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. (hindawi.com)
- By revisiting our previous screen of microRNA plasma levels in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and in healthy controls, candidate microRNAs with aberrant plasma expressions in HBeAg-positive children were identified. (hindawi.com)
- Risk of progressive liver disease primarily applies to hepatitis B e antigen positive (HBeAg-positive) children and seroclearance of HBeAg is a key event in the natural course of disease [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Several assays have been developed for the measurement of serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) or hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) concentrations ( 1 , 3 , 16 ). (asm.org)
- Since HBeAg and HBcAg share a 149-amino-acid sequence identity, they are collectively called hepatitis B core-related antigens (HBcrAg) ( 5 , 13 ). (asm.org)
- In this assay, the specimens were pretreated so that HBeAg and HBcAg were released from the patients' own anti-HBe and anti-HBc antibody-antigen complexes, respectively. (asm.org)
- HBeAg stands for hepatitis B e-antigen . (verywell.com)
- People with chronic hepatitis B can show seroconversion-the levels of HBeAg dropping until they're undetectable while levels of anti-HBe antibodies develop. (verywell.com)
- Interestingly, there are strains of hepatitis B virus that don't produce HBeAg. (verywell.com)
- They can have an active Hepatitis B infection without a positive HBeAg test . (verywell.com)
- Liaw Y-F. HBeAg Seroconversion as an Important End Point in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology International . (verywell.com)
- A Randomized Prospective Open-label Trial for Comparing Combination Therapy Peg-Interferon Alfa-2a/Adefovir Dipivoxil and Peg-Interferon Alfa-2a/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Versus no Treatment in HBeAg Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Low Viral Load. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Study population: The study population will consist of 150 patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus with low viral load and HBeAg negativity. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The proliferative response of PBMC to hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope, core, and e Ag was analyzed prospectively in 21 patients with acute self-limited HBV infection and compared with the response of patients with chronic HBV infection and different levels of HBV replication (i.e., hepatitis e Ag (HBeAg)- or anti-HBe-positive) and liver damage (i.e., chronic active hepatitis or chronic asymptomatic carriers). (jimmunol.org)
- Percentage of HBeAg-positive subjects detected using the hepatitis sAg/eAg test versus the PEI HBeAg standard. (asm.org)
- The objectives of this review were to assess the effects of the sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and interferon compared to interferon alone in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Glucocorticosteroid pretreatment was associated with a significantly higher frequency of loss of hepatitis B markers (HBeAg and HBV DNA), but had no significant effect on clinical outcomes. (cochrane.org)
- Mellerup MT, Krogsgaard K, Mathurin P, Gluud C, Poynard T. Sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and alfa interferon versus alfa interferon alone for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 3. (cochrane.org)
- chronic active hepatitis and cirrhotic patients in the Pisa cohort are comparable to those HBeAg-negative patients classified as immune clearance phase in the Hannover cohort. (asm.org)
HBcAg4
- This entry represent the core antigen of the viral capsid (HBcAg) from various Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is a major human pathogen. (ebi.ac.uk)
- The capsid is composed of a single polypeptide, HBcAg, also known as the core antigen. (ebi.ac.uk)
- This involves the reaction of anti-HBc in the sample with hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) coated wells. (cdc.gov)
- The core protein of the hepatitis B virus, HBcAg, assembles into highly immunogenic virus-like particles (HBc VLPs) when expressed in a variety of heterologous systems. (jic.ac.uk)
Viral antigens5
- In this sense V1 is similar to the first generation of commercial Hepatitis B vaccine, which contained pooled viral antigens derived from the blood of hepatitis B carriers. (prweb.com)
- Western and dot immunoblotting analysis of viral antigens and antibodies: application to murine hepatitis virus. (nih.gov)
- This assay detected picogram quantities of viral antigens and antibodies. (nih.gov)
- And B-cells, so they don't generate the antibodies needed to destroy the viral antigens that make up the virus. (hepb.org)
- Two-step immunohistochemical staining showed the expression of viral antigens in situ. (unboundmedicine.com)
Abstract2
- Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2019;130:104-118 Authors: Alter HJ Abstract The modern age of viral hepatitis began in the early 1960s with the serendipitous discovery of the Australia antigen, a protein that was later shown to represent the envelope of the hepatitis B virus leading to its designation as the hepatitis B surface antigen. (medworm.com)
- Authors: Mak LY, Ko KL, To WP, Wong DK, Seto WK, Fung J, Yuen MF Abstract Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) was shown to predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing treatment. (medworm.com)
Vaccine10
- Unvaccinated sex partners and household and needle-sharing contacts should be tested for susceptibility to HBV infection (see Appendix A, Prevaccination Serologic Testing for Susceptibility) and should receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine immediately after collection of blood for serologic testing. (cdc.gov)
- Since the availability of hepatitis B vaccine the prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus has become feasible. (bmj.com)
- Duration of Immunity After Hepatitis B Vaccination: Efficacy of Low-Dose Booster Vaccine. (ebscohost.com)
- Studies health care workers three years after initial vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine to determine the prevalence of immunity indicated by levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. (ebscohost.com)
- Decline of vaccine coverage for hepatitis B. (ebscohost.com)
- A 2-dose regimen of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine with the immune stimulant AS04 compared with the standard 3-dose regimen of Engerix-B in healthy young adults. (arctichealth.org)
- In 1991, the World at least 6-8 years before with 3 doses of Health Organization (WHO) recommended hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth to that hepatitis B vaccination be included provide information on the effect of the in national immunization programmes in immunization strategy for hepatitis B and countries with a hepatitis B surface antigen the need for booster doses. (who.int)
- This was the first marker for any hepatitis virus and became not only a diagnostic assay, but also a mandatory blood donor screening test and the basis for the first generation hepatitis B vaccine. (medworm.com)
- Hepatitis B vaccine is effective in preventing infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), but its duration of protection is unknown. (ovid.com)
- Breakthrough cases of Hepatitis B are primarily attributed to mutations in the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that make HBV surface proteins unrecognizable to antibodies produced from the HBV vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
Protein8
- A core protein antigen of the hepatitis B virus distinct from both the surface and core antigens. (dictionary.com)
- Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is known to express a protein termed the small delta antigen, a structural protein which is also essential for genome replication. (asm.org)
- The antigen is a protein that binds specifically on one of these surface proteins. (prospecbio.com)
- This antigen is a protein from the hepatitis B virus that circulates in infected blood when the virus is actively replicating. (verywell.com)
- An antigen is a protein that stimulates an immune system response, causing your body to produce antibodies to fight invaders. (verywell.com)
- Three of the children had antibodies to hepatitis B core protein. (who.int)
- Hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) is a nuclear protein that is intimately involved in hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA replication. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The viral genomic RNA (G-RNA) is first replicated into the full-length antigenomic RNA (AG-RNA) and is also transcribed into a 0.8-kb mRNA, which encodes the only HDV protein, hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen1
- A boost in antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was defined as a fourfold rise in levels to ≥20 mIU/mL that was not accompanied by the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen or attributable to interim vaccination. (ovid.com)
Discovery of the Australia antigen1
- Association of the discovery of the Australia antigen or hepatitis-associated antigen with. (ebscohost.com)
Liver31
- The Immureboost Company presented poster 'Normalization of Elevated Liver Enzymes due to V-1 Immureboost Therapy' at the international symposium Therapies for Viral Hepatitis held in Boston on October 29-31, 2002. (prweb.com)
- Hepatitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease which may culminate in liver cancer. (prweb.com)
- Hepatitis B causes 60% to 80% of the world's primary liver cancer with over one million people dying annually. (prweb.com)
- Diagnosis of virally induced chronic hepatitis is often made when a patient presents elevated liver enzyme levels known as alanine (ALT or SGPT) and aspartate (AST or SGOT) aminotransferases. (prweb.com)
- hep e antigen.Negative.HBV DNA.Negative.I am on treatment with lumividine tab 100 mg/day for about 3 yrs.My ALT level & liver ultrasound test normal.I wish to go abroad for a job and there Hep.B Surface antigen is tested.If one is positive, it is a sure rejection.Can inj. (medhelp.org)
- Persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at high risk for chronic liver disease and are a major reservoir of HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
- The core promoter mutants have been associated with the development of fulminant hepatitis during acute infection and liver cancer during chronic infection. (medsci.org)
- Investigation of SEN Virus Infection in Patients with Cryptogenic Acute Liver Failure, Hepatitis-Associated Aplastic Anemia, or Acute and Chronic Non--A--E Hepatitis. (ebscohost.com)
- The hepatitis-associated liver injury in HIV-infected cases has been one of the important reasons for mortality and morbidity in. (ebscohost.com)
- The article discusses the increasing threats of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), which attacks the liver cells and leads to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. (ebscohost.com)
- Exacerbation of chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B surface antigen after delta infection. (ebscohost.com)
- In conclusion, serum HBcrAg levels correlated with HBV virological markers and reflected the chronic hepatitis B disease activity in the liver. (asm.org)
- The hepatitis B virus is an important cause of acute and chronic liver disease. (thermofisher.com)
- Antibodies to hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B serology and liver enzymes were examined in 137 Finnish haemophiliac patients to detect signs of chronic viral hepatitis and its possible aetiological associations. (arctichealth.org)
- Factors associated with viral breakthrough in lamivudine monoprophylaxis of hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation. (umassmed.edu)
- Chronic hepatitis C is a serious liver disease that often results in cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. (mdpi.com)
- N-glycopeptide signatures of IgA2 in serum from patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases. (medworm.com)
- Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can arise de novo after liver transplantation (LT) for non-autoimmune liver diseases. (medsci.org)
- Approximately one quarter of adult HBV carrier and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients later die of HBV-related complications of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma ( 1 , 2 ). (jimmunol.org)
- The objectives were to assess the effects of the sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and alfa interferon versus alfa interferon alone in hepatitis B 'e' antigen positive chronic hepatitis B on mortality, virological response, biochemical response, liver histology, quality of life, and adverse events. (cochrane.org)
- Proceedings: Serial liver biopsies in hepatitis B antigen carriers. (bmj.com)
- Hepatitis is the term for inflammation of the liver and may be due to infectious or non-infectious causes. (healthhype.com)
- The five types of hepatitis viruses are common infectious causes of liver inflammation, and some like hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV) and C (HCV) are more frequently seen infectious agents. (healthhype.com)
- The hepatitis B virus (HBV) can infect the liver cells resulting in an acute infection or persist with chronic inflammation of the liver. (healthhype.com)
- Fulminant hepatitis with destruction of large parts of the liver is life-threatening. (healthhype.com)
- In chronic hepatitis B infection, the patient may be asymptomatic for long periods of time until there is severe damage to the liver. (healthhype.com)
- Chronic hepatitis B is seen where the virus does not clear and the infection persists past 6 months.The clinical features of chronic HBV infection depends on the degree of liver damage. (healthhype.com)
- A carrier is a person with chronic hepatitis B showing no symptoms of the infection and there is no damage to the liver. (healthhype.com)
- Worldwide, over 300 million persons are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can cause chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma ( 22 , 35 ). (asm.org)
- Hep G2 is a human liver cancer cell line. (wikipedia.org)
- Hep G2 is a perpetual cell line which was derived from the liver tissue of a 15-year-old Caucasian American male with a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
Serum hepatitis2
- Entecavir Reduced Serum Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. (medworm.com)
- Risk factors for long-term persistence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen following acute hepatitis B virus infection in Japanese adults. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Recombinant2
- The recombinant polypeptide and the single strand DNA sequence for PCR primer make it possible to detect the non-A non-B hepatitis virus with extremely high accuracy. (freepatentsonline.com)
- Recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen of ayw subtype. (genetex.com)
Anti-hepatitis B surface1
- Pili fractions isolated from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Escherichia coli bound to hepatitis B surface antigen and produced false positive anti-hepatitis B surface antigen reactions. (asm.org)
Infection with hepatitis B vir1
- Interferon is an established treatment for chronic infection with hepatitis B virus. (cochrane.org)
Assay2
- The International Immunodiagnostics HDV Ab assay is a competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the determination of antibodies to Hepatitis D Virus or HDV in human plasma and sera with a 'two step" methodology. (cdc.gov)
- This feature of the e antigen provides an assay system for laboratory diagnosis of potential clinical usefulness and suggests its possible role in pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury. (sciencemag.org)
Surface antigen levels4
- Reduction of hepatitis B surface antigen levels and hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving 10 years of nucleoside analogue therapy. (curehunter.com)
- A large case-control study on the predictability of hepatitis B surface antigen levels three years before hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance. (curehunter.com)
- High hepatitis B surface antigen levels predict insignificant fibrosis in hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic hepatitis B. (curehunter.com)
- Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B after 2 years of entecavir treatment. (curehunter.com)
Monoclonal antibody4
- Higher monoclonal antibody binding of 67.87% of the antigen was observed when it was expressed with a C-terminal ER retention signal. (springer.com)
- Hepatitis B Virus X antigen Monoclonal antibody specifically detects Hepatitis B Virus X antigen in Virus samples. (fishersci.com)
- The following antibody was used in this experiment: Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen Monoclonal Antibody (H6F5) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA1-21697, RRID AB_559401. (thermofisher.com)
- The following antibody was used in this experiment: Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen Monoclonal Antibody (11B3) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA1-7613, RRID AB_1075580. (thermofisher.com)
ELISA5
- The expression levels of the antigen in the plants grown under in vitro conditions as well as the green house hardened plants were estimated by ELISA for all the four constructs. (springer.com)
- We offer Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies for use in common research applications: ELISA, Radioimmunoassay. (novusbio.com)
- ELISA procedures provide a means for routinely detecting antibodies to specific antigens. (cdc.gov)
- HCV NS4 Antigen is suitable for ELISA and Western blots, excellent antigen for detection of HCV with minimal specificity problems. (prospecbio.com)
- The Hunan Jynda ELISA had the lowest sensitivity (59.5%), and the authors concluded that ELISA assays are probably a less reliable technology for HCV antigen detection than assays which use signal amplification that allows enhancement of antigen detection. (hivandhepatitis.com)
Fulminant3
- Co-infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) in persons with acute or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to fulminant hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
- About 20% to 30% of coinfections of HDV and HBV in humans develop fatal fulminant hepatitis versus 2% of patients with acute hepatitis B mono-infection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) causes chronic and, occasionally, fulminant hepatitis in humans ( 16 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Detection5
- Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I presents viral peptides to CD8+ T cells to permit detection of infected cells, and tapasin is an important component of the peptide loading complex for HLA class I. We sought to determine if tapasin polymorphisms affected the outcome of HCV infection. (nih.gov)
- Detection of antibodies to HIV-1 gp41- and HLA class II antigen-derived peptides in SLE patients. (biomedsearch.com)
- A sensitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay has been developed for hepatitis B virus (HBV) core-related antigen (HBcrAg) detection. (asm.org)
- No absolute correlation between the detection of HBs Ag, or previous history of hepatitis, jaundice, or current hepatitis was found. (bmj.com)
- HCV core-antigen can be used as a marker of viraemia as there is good non-linear correlation with HCV-RNA (r=0.87 vs. Abbot Real-Time qRT-PCR) with the lower limit of detection corresponding to HCV viral load of 700-1100 IU/ml . (natap.org)
Viruses12
- About 500 million individuals worldwide are infected with two major types of hepatitis B and C viruses. (prweb.com)
- Thus, it is possible that V-1 Immureboost might be useful for treating hepatitis, especially when one considers the fact that immunogenic constituents of V1 are derived from HIV-infected donors many of whom are co-infected with hepatitis B and C viruses. (prweb.com)
- Immunogenic components of hepatitis viruses. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Unlike the surface antigen, the e-antigen is found in the blood only when there are viruses also present. (abcam.com)
- Hepatitis viruses constitute a major public health problem because of the morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
- In addition, NHANES provides the means to better define the epidemiology of other hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)
- NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses will be used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups, and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
- Hepatitis-Associated Antigen and Viruses. (ebscohost.com)
- Reviews the book 'Hepatitis-Associated Antigen and Viruses,' by A. J. Zuckerman. (ebscohost.com)
- A cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of and the risk factors for hepatitis C and B viruses among 700 adults above the age of 40 years in a rural area of South Korea. (ebscohost.com)
- INTRODUCTION Co-infections between hepatitis B and HIV viruses are frequent due to their similar epidemiological characteristics. (ebscohost.com)
- and hepatitis C viruses (HCV) are major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. (who.int)
Resolving hepatitis C vir1
- Synergism of tapasin and human leukocyte antigens in resolving hepatitis C virus infection. (nih.gov)
Gene3
- HLA-DP and γ-interferon receptor-2 gene variants and their association with viral hepatitis activity in chronic hepatitis B infection. (curehunter.com)
- In this retrospective study, we investigated the prevalence and significance of mutations in part of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) x gene, and tried to clarify their relationship with clinicopathological or histopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). (unboundmedicine.com)
- We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding CTLA-4 may affect the vigor of the T-cell response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, thus influencing viral persistence. (asm.org)
Vaccination6
- 8%). During delivery of recommended hepatitis B vaccination services (e.g. (cdc.gov)
- The duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination in children is unknown. (who.int)
- Integration of hepatitis B vaccination into rural African primary health care programmes. (ebscohost.com)
- Examines the integration of hepatitis B vaccination into rural health care programs in South Africa. (ebscohost.com)
- It has been reported that when hepatitis services is good throughout the territory, B vaccination is initiated at birth, there and vaccinations are delivered through local is an increased likelihood that the child health districts which are able to reach the will complete the series [ 8,9 ] hence an whole population. (who.int)
- In this review, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCC prevalence, distribution and prevalence of different genotypes, and male/female infection frequencies in relation to the vaccination status in the Mediterranean countries were reported. (medworm.com)
Hepatocellular7
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects 300 million people worldwide, and increases their risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma by a hundred fold [ 3 ]. (medsci.org)
- Hepatitis-associated antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. (ebscohost.com)
- Describes the prevalence of hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. (ebscohost.com)
- Viral hepatitis-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma shares common disease processes with hepatocellular carcinoma. (ebscohost.com)
- Children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have a lifetime risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to 25% and an incidence of cirrhosis of 2-3% per year [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Worldwide, hepatitis B infection is one of the main causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. (ebscohost.com)
- A Systematic Review of the Current Hepatitis B Viral Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Situation in Mediterranean Countries. (medworm.com)
Carriers6
- To develop a low cost, high compliance screening programme for identification of carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in the obstetric population of the Netherlands. (bmj.com)
- Globally, about 248 million people are chronic HBV surface antigen carriers, and about 5% of them also had hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection as well. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Twenty-five (13.3%) of the 188 individuals who were studied became chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. (arctichealth.org)
- Among patients who were four years of age or less when infected, 28.8% became chronic carriers of hepatitis B, as compared with 7.7% of those who were 30 years of age or older. (arctichealth.org)
- The prevalence of infection for at least 15 years, that antibody hepatitis B carriers varies in different parts levels decrease the most among persons of the world, ranging from less than 1% to immunized at 4 years of age or younger, and 15% [ 2 ]. (who.int)
- In the Islamic Republic of Iran the level have been exposed to HBV and about 3% of antibodies to hepatitis B in vaccinated are chronic carriers, ranging from 1.7% individuals is not known. (who.int)
Annals of Inter1
- The review, published in Annals of Internal Medicine on 20 June , compared the sensitivity and specificity of 5 commercially available tests for hepatitis C core antigen compared to nucleic acid testing for HCV RNA. (hivandhepatitis.com)
Specificity1
- In this study HCV core-antigen testing on the Architect platform displayed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (97.96%) in diagnosing acute HCV in HIV-infected individuals who experience elevated transaminases. (natap.org)
Immunization6
- New immunization strategies have been developed to eliminate the spread of HBV and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Anti-Hepatitis B Antibody Status in STD Patients: Need for Improved Immunization. (ebscohost.com)
- Elimination of New Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infections: Results of the Alaska Immunization Program. (ebscohost.com)
- Evaluates the effectiveness of a hepatitis B immunization program in eliminating hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission among Alaska Natives in a region in which HBV is endemic. (ebscohost.com)
- Immunization against hepatitis B is an important component of preventative medicine and is offered to all children in approximately 30 countries. (thermofisher.com)
- Practices (ACIP), is the introduction of study carried out from February 2003 to hepatitis B immunization at birth [ 5,6 ]. (who.int)
Immune response2
- CD8+ T-cell responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) are important in generating a successful immune response and spontaneously clearing infection. (nih.gov)
- Cellular immune response to hepatitis B virus-encoded antigens in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (jimmunol.org)
Serological1
- Prospective serological surveys of 1,280 seronegative Yupik Eskimos, performed between 1971 and 1976, identified 189 (14.8%) who developed serological evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. (arctichealth.org)
Acute hepatitis6
- Acute Hepatitis B in a Patient with Antibodies to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Who Was Receiving Rituximab. (ebscohost.com)
- A letter to the editor on acute hepatitis B in a patient with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen who was having rituximab therapy is presented. (ebscohost.com)
- Acute hepatitis B virus infection: relation of age to the clinical expression of disease and subsequent development of the carrier state. (arctichealth.org)
- The proportion of patients who progress to chronicity following acute hepatitis B (AHB) varies widely worldwide. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Acute hepatitis with subsequent recovery and total clearance of the virus in a person with a healthy immune system. (healthhype.com)
- Acute hepatitis B lasts for less than 6 months. (healthhype.com)
Positive for hepatitis1
- Pregnant women who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen should be identified before delivery to prevent hepatitis B infection in their neonates by passive or active immunisation, or both. (bmj.com)
Diagnosis6
- Other clinical markers aiding the hepatitis diagnosis are abnormal levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. (prweb.com)
- The 2-step diagnostic process is seen as a major obstacle to diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C on the scale needed to achieve ambitious targets for reducing the burden of the disease and eliminating hepatitis C as a public health problem. (hivandhepatitis.com)
- A rapid point-of-care test for HCV antigen that could be used by health care workers in the same way as point-of-care tests for HIV or HCV antibodies was viewed as the highest priority for improving HCV diagnosis, and a feasible target for product development by a recent stakeholder consultation convened by the Forum for Collaborative HIV Research and the Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics (FIND). (hivandhepatitis.com)
- HCV RNA tests can cost between $13 and $100 per test, and the cost of diagnosis and monitoring may increase the overall cost of curing hepatitis C by one-third in some settings. (hivandhepatitis.com)
- Hepatitis C Core Antigen Testing for Diagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (hivandhepatitis.com)
- In this study we compare the utility of HCV core-antigen compared to qRT-PCR in the diagnosis on acute HCV in an HIV-positive cohort. (natap.org)
Autoimmune Hepatitis1
- Yamagiwa S, Kamimura H, Takamura M, Genda T, Ichida T, Nomoto M, Aoyagi Y. Presence of Antibodies against Self Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Molecules in Autoimmune Hepatitis. (medsci.org)
Tests for hepatitis1
- 1 2 3 Therefore, a multicentre study was designed in 1982 to determine whether efficient organisation of screening for hepatitis B could be set up in and outside hospital by adding tests for hepatitis B surface antigen to the already accepted and widely used protocol for routine antenatal screening at 14 weeks of gestation. (bmj.com)
Peptides1
- Tapasin along with the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), ERp57 and calreticulin form the peptide loading complex (PLC), which loads viral peptides onto HLA class I. Tapasin binds to HLA class I and is thought to assist in the dissociation of peptides which bind with low affinity. (nih.gov)
Symptomatic hepatitis1
- All six cases of clinically symptomatic hepatitis were associated with infliximab therapy. (springer.com)
HBcrAg3
- We aimed to investigate the usefulness of HBcrAg measurement for monitoring chronic hepatitis B disease. (asm.org)
- A higher HBcrAg concentration was associated with a greater proportion of hepatitis B core antigen immunostaining. (asm.org)
- A greater reduction in posttreatment HBcrAg concentration was associated with histological improvement and a decrease in hepatitis B core antigen immunostaining. (asm.org)